Branched Fatty Acyl Isethionates

Abstract

Anionic surfactants include compounds or mixtures of compounds having the formula, wherein R1 comprises hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxy; R2 comprises methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen; R'2 comprises methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen; R3 comprises a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, including a straight chain hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof; and M + is a monovalent cation, and when both R2 and R'2 contain hydrogen, if R3 is a straight chain hydrocarbon group, then R1 does not contain hydrogen, and when R3 is a branched hydrocarbon group, then R2, R2, and R1 all contain hydrogen. [Formula 1] TIFF2026501160000017.tif28143

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Disclosed herein are anionic surfactants, including a compound or mixture of compounds having the formula: [ka] wherein R1 comprises hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxy; R2 comprises methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen; R'2 comprises methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen; R3 comprises a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, including a straight-chain hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof; and M + is a monovalent cation, When both R2 and R'2 contain hydrogen, if R3 is a straight chain hydrocarbon group, then R1 does not contain hydrogen, and when R3 is a branched hydrocarbon, then R2, R2, and R1 all contain hydrogen. [Background technology]

[0002] Fatty acid esters, such as isethionate esters, are anionic surfactants that can be used in a variety of applications, including soaps, cosmetic compositions, and cleansers such as cleansing formulations. For example, sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI) is widely used in syndet bars due to its low water solubility and mild skin irritation (e.g., non-irritant) compared to fatty acid soap bars. However, due to its low water solubility, SCI is generally not suitable for use in liquid cleansers. One way to improve the water solubility of SCI is to combine it with other surfactants, such as taurates, amphoacetates, betaines, or combinations thereof. However, this surfactant combination can produce a cloudy solution that tends to separate during storage. Furthermore, isethionates are generally not stable for long periods of time outside the pH range of 6-8.

[0003] The isethionates can be branched or linear.

[0004] U.S. Patent No. 8,008,239 discloses acylalkylisethionate esters useful in consumer products. The acylalkylisethionate esters are prepared by reacting one or more carboxylic acids with one or more alkyl-substituted hydroxyalkyl sulfonates under esterification reaction conditions. The alkyl-substituted hydroxyalkyl sulfonates used as raw materials for the esters are prepared by reacting bisulfite with one or more alkylene oxides. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 8,008,239 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] There is a continuing desire to provide surfactants that are stable over a range of pH values, are clear in a variety of cleansing compositions, structure to form a viscosity in water, are water-soluble without the need for additional surfactants, and are gentle while retaining all of the excellent in-use properties such as lather. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In various aspects, surfactants are disclosed.

[0008] Anionic surfactants include compounds or mixtures of compounds having the following formula: [ka] wherein R1 comprises hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxy; R2 comprises methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen; R'2 comprises methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen; R3 comprises a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, including a straight-chain hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof; and M + is a monovalent cation, When both R2 and R'2 contain hydrogen, if R3 is a straight chain hydrocarbon group, then R1 does not contain hydrogen, and when R3 is a branched hydrocarbon, then R2, R2, and R1 all contain hydrogen.

[0009] These and other features and characteristics are described in more detail below. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Disclosed herein are anionic surfactants. The anionic surfactants are branched. For example, the anionic surfactant may be a branched isethionate, more specifically, an isethionate branched with a fatty acyl tail. Unexpectedly, it has been discovered that isethionates branched with a tail (i.e., a fatty acyl tail) have greater hydrolytic stability in aqueous formulations than linear isethionates. Because linear isethionates are prone to hydrolysis, causing a decrease in formulation viscosity, improved hydrolytic stability helps enable better formulation viscosity stability over the life of products manufactured using the anionic surfactants. Furthermore, hydrolysis of linear isethionates in low pH formulations (e.g., below 6) results in loss of optical clarity and a transition from an isotropic phase to a lamellar phase due to the generation of fatty acids. Furthermore, linear isethionates are not stable and therefore require the use of other co-initial surfactants, such as taurates, or are used primarily in amphoteric-rich formulations. Branched isethionates can enable anionic-rich formulations without the need for other auxiliary initial surfactants. Branched isethionates have also been unexpectedly found to exhibit lower Krafft points, well below room temperature (approximately 20°C). The lower Krafft points allow branched isethionates to enable formulations made therefrom to be optically clear at lower temperatures (e.g., 4 to 25°C). The lower Krafft points of the branched isethionates disclosed herein can also limit undesirable crystallization at lower temperatures, thereby enabling improved formulation stability at lower storage temperatures, such as in winter. Tail-branched isethionates have further been found to exhibit superior foaming capabilities compared to linear isethionates, meaning that branched isethionates can be an ideal surfactant choice for personal care products where foaming is desired. Branched isethionates can also help reduce the amount of salt required in formulations made therefrom to achieve a desired viscosity. For example, salts may not be required in formulations made using branched isethionates.

[0011] The anionic surfactant can include a compound or mixture of compounds having the following formula: [ka] The compound includes at least one branched functional group at the R position. R can include a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon group can include a straight chain hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof.

[0012] M + may be a monovalent cation. For example, M + can include sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, cesium, rubidium, francium, alkylammonium, triethanolammonium, or a combination thereof.

[0013] The branching functional groups can include alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, hydroxy groups, or combinations thereof. Any of these functional branching groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or combinations thereof.

[0014] The alkyl group can include a straight-chain alkane. The straight-chain alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons. The alkyl group can include a branched alkane. The branched alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons. The alkyl group can include an acyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a cyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a straight-chain alkane, a branched alkane, an acyclic alkane, a cyclic alkane, or a combination thereof. Any of these straight-chain, branched, acyclic, or cyclic alkanes can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0015] For example, the alkyl group can include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, or a combination thereof. Any of these alkyl groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0016] The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 atoms, unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0017] For example, the aryl group can include phenyl, benzyl, or a combination thereof.

[0018] The alkoxy group can include a straight chain oxy-alkane, a branched oxy-alkane, or a combination thereof.

[0019] For example, alkoxy groups can include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, or combinations thereof.

[0020] The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an oxy-methyl group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an oxy-methylaryl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0021] For example, the aryloxy group can include phenoxy, benzyloxy, or a combination thereof.

[0022] The hydroxy group can be further chemically derivatized to other functional groups, for example, the hydroxy group can be derivatized to an ether (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, t-butoxy), polyoxyether (e.g., ethoxylated), carboxylic acid, ester, ketone, acetal, hemiacetal, amine, amide, urethane, or combinations thereof.

[0023] In one embodiment, the compound or mixture of compounds has the formula: [ka] In this formula, the compound or mixture of compounds is branched at R1, R2, R'2, R3, or combinations thereof.

[0024] R1 can include a branching functional group. R1 can also include hydroxy, methyl, or hydrogen. The branching functional group can include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a hydroxy group, or a combination thereof. Any of these functional branching groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0025] The alkyl group can include a straight chain alkane. The straight chain alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons. The alkyl group can include a branched alkane. The branched alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons.

[0026] The alkyl group can include an acyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a cyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a straight-chain alkane, a branched alkane, an acyclic alkane, a cyclic alkane, or a combination thereof. Any of these straight-chain, branched, acyclic, or cyclic alkanes can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0027] For example, the alkyl group can include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, or a combination thereof. Any of these alkyl groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0028] The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 atoms, unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0029] For example, the aryl group can include phenyl, benzyl, or a combination thereof.

[0030] The alkoxy group can include a straight chain oxy-alkane, a branched oxy-alkane, or a combination thereof.

[0031] For example, alkoxy groups can include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, or combinations thereof.

[0032] The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an oxy-methyl group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an oxy-methylaryl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0033] For example, the aryloxy group can include phenoxy, benzyloxy, or a combination thereof.

[0034] The hydroxy group can be further chemically derivatized to other functional groups, for example, the hydroxy group can be derivatized to an ether (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, t-butoxy), polyoxyether (e.g., ethoxylated), carboxylic acid, ester, ketone, acetal, hemiacetal, amine, amide, urethane, or combinations thereof.

[0035] In one embodiment, R1 comprises hydrogen or hydroxy or methyl. In one embodiment, R1 is hydrogen or hydroxy or methyl.

[0036] R2 and R'2 can comprise a branched functional group. R2 and R'2 can comprise methyl, hydrogen, or hydroxy. The branched functional group can comprise an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a hydroxy group, or a combination thereof. Any of these functional branched groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, when R2 comprises a hydroxy group, R'2 does not comprise a hydroxy group. In another embodiment, when R'2 comprises a hydroxy group, R2 does not comprise a hydroxy group. When both R2 and R'2 comprise hydrogen, R1 does not comprise hydrogen if R3 is a straight-chain hydrocarbon group. When R3 is a branched hydrocarbon, all of R2, R2, and R1 can comprise hydrogen.

[0037] The alkyl group can include a straight chain alkane. The straight chain alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons. The alkyl group can include a branched alkane. The branched alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons.

[0038] The alkyl group can include an acyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a cyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a straight-chain alkane, a branched alkane, an acyclic alkane, a cyclic alkane, or a combination thereof. Any of these straight-chain, branched, acyclic, or cyclic alkanes can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0039] For example, the alkyl group can include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, or a combination thereof. Any of these alkyl groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0040] The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 atoms, unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0041] For example, the aryl group can include phenyl, benzyl, or a combination thereof.

[0042] The alkoxy group can include a straight chain oxy-alkane, a branched oxy-alkane, or a combination thereof.

[0043] For example, alkoxy groups can include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, or combinations thereof.

[0044] The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an oxy-methyl group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an oxy-methylaryl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0045] For example, the aryloxy group can include phenoxy, benzyloxy, or a combination thereof.

[0046] The hydroxy group can be further chemically derivatized to other functional groups, for example, the hydroxy group can be derivatized to an ether (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, t-butoxy), polyoxyether (e.g., ethoxylated), carboxylic acid, ester, ketone, acetal, hemiacetal, amine, amide, urethane, or combinations thereof.

[0047] In one embodiment, R2 or R'2 comprises methyl, hydrogen, or hydroxy. In one embodiment, R2 or R'2 is methyl, or hydrogen, or hydroxy.

[0048] R3 can include a hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon can have 1 to 18 carbons. The hydrocarbon group can include a straight-chain hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof.

[0049] M in the formula + may be a monovalent cation. For example, M + can include sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, cesium, rubidium, francium, alkylammonium, triethanolammonium, or a combination thereof.

[0050] In one embodiment, the compound or mixture of compounds has the formula: [ka] In this formula, the compound or mixture of compounds is branched at R1, R'1, R2, R'2, R3, or combinations thereof.

[0051] R1 and R'1 can comprise a branched functional group. R1 or R'1 can comprise hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxy. The branched functional group can comprise an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a hydroxy group, or a combination thereof. Any of these functional branched groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, when R2 comprises a hydroxy group, R'2 does not comprise a hydroxy group. In another embodiment, when R'2 comprises a hydroxy group, R2 does not comprise a hydroxy group.

[0052] The alkyl group can include a straight chain alkane. The straight chain alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons. The alkyl group can include a branched alkane. The branched alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons.

[0053] The alkyl group can include an acyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a cyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a straight-chain alkane, a branched alkane, an acyclic alkane, a cyclic alkane, or a combination thereof. Any of these straight-chain, branched, acyclic, or cyclic alkanes can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0054] For example, the alkyl group can include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, or a combination thereof. Any of these alkyl groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0055] The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 atoms, unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0056] For example, the aryl group can include phenyl, benzyl, or a combination thereof.

[0057] The alkoxy group can include a straight chain oxy-alkane, a branched oxy-alkane, or a combination thereof.

[0058] For example, alkoxy groups can include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, or combinations thereof.

[0059] The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an oxy-methyl group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an oxy-methylaryl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0060] For example, the aryloxy group can include phenoxy, benzyloxy, or a combination thereof.

[0061] The hydroxy group can be further chemically derivatized to other functional groups, for example, the hydroxy group can be derivatized to an ether (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, t-butoxy), polyoxyether (e.g., ethoxylated), carboxylic acid, ester, ketone, acetal, hemiacetal, amine, amide, urethane, or combinations thereof.

[0062] In one embodiment, R1 or R'1 comprises hydrogen or methyl or hydroxy. In one embodiment, R1 or R'1 is hydrogen or methyl or hydroxy.

[0063] R2 and R'2 can include branched functional groups. R2 and R'2 can include methyl, or hydroxy, or hydrogen.

[0064] The branching functional groups can include alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, hydroxy groups, or combinations thereof. Any of these functional branching groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, when R2 includes a hydroxy group, R'2 does not include a hydroxy group. In another embodiment, when R'2 includes a hydroxy group, R2 does not include a hydroxy group.

[0065] The alkyl group can include a straight chain alkane. The straight chain alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons. The alkyl group can include a branched alkane. The branched alkane can have 1 to 20 carbons.

[0066] The alkyl group can include an acyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a cyclic alkane. The alkyl group can include a straight-chain alkane, a branched alkane, an acyclic alkane, a cyclic alkane, or a combination thereof. Any of these straight-chain, branched, acyclic, or cyclic alkanes can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0067] For example, the alkyl group can include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, or a combination thereof. Any of these alkyl groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

[0068] The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryl group can include substituents having 1 to 20 atoms, unsubstituted aryl groups having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0069] For example, the aryl group can include phenyl, benzyl, or a combination thereof.

[0070] The alkoxy group can include a straight chain oxy-alkane, a branched oxy-alkane, or a combination thereof.

[0071] For example, alkoxy groups can include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, or combinations thereof.

[0072] The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include an oxy-methyl group having 1 to 20 carbons. The aryloxy group can include a substituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an unsubstituted aryloxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, an oxy-methylaryl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or a combination thereof.

[0073] For example, the aryloxy group can include phenoxy, benzyloxy, or a combination thereof.

[0074] The hydroxy group can be further chemically derivatized to other functional groups, for example, the hydroxy group can be derivatized to an ether (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, t-butoxy), polyoxyether (e.g., ethoxylated), carboxylic acid, ester, ketone, acetal, hemiacetal, amine, amide, urethane, or combinations thereof.

[0075] In one embodiment, R2 or R'2 comprises methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen. In one embodiment, R2 or R'2 is methyl, hydroxy, or hydrogen. When both R2 and R'2 comprise hydrogen, R1 does not comprise hydrogen. When R3 is a straight-chain hydrocarbon group. When R3 is a branched hydrocarbon, R2, R2, and R1 can all comprise hydrogen.

[0076] R3 can include a hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon can have 1 to 18 carbons. The hydrocarbon group can include a straight-chain hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof.

[0077] M in the formula + may be a monovalent cation. For example, M + can include sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, cesium, rubidium, francium, alkylammonium, triethanolammonium, or a combination thereof.

[0078] In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant is a branched isethionate. The branched isethionate can include 2-methyl lauroyl isethionate, 3-methyl lauroyl isethionate, or 2,2-dimethyl isethionate. In one embodiment, the branched isethionate is 2-methyl lauroyl isethionate, 3-methyl lauroyl isethionate, or 2,2-dimethyl isethionate. In one embodiment, the branched isethionate can include sodium 2-methyl lauroyl isethionate, sodium 3-methyl lauroyl isethionate, or sodium 2,2-dimethyl lauroyl isethionate. In one embodiment, the branched isethionate is sodium 2-methyl lauroyl isethionate, sodium 3-methyl lauroyl isethionate, or sodium 2,2-dimethyl lauroyl isethionate.

[0079] A cleansing composition can be formulated from the anionic surfactants disclosed herein. The cleansing composition can be a liquid cleansing composition or a cleansing bar. The cleansing composition can be a wash composition (liquid or bar) for hands, body, face, etc., a shampoo, or a conditioner.

[0080] The branched isethionates disclosed herein can be present in such compositions in an amount of 1 to 15% by weight based on the weight of the cleansing composition, for example, 2 to 12% by weight based on the weight of the cleansing composition, for example, 2 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the cleansing composition, for example, 3 to 8% by weight based on the weight of the cleansing composition, for example, 3 to 7% by weight based on the weight of the cleansing composition, for example, 3 to 6% by weight based on the weight of the cleansing composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0081] Cleansing compositions made using anionic surfactants can include additional ingredients, for example, the cleansing composition can include additional surfactants, including anionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, nonionic, cationic, or combinations thereof.

[0082] Additional surfactants include C8-C 18 Alkyl groups, such as C 12 ~C 16 Alkyl groups, such as C 10 ~C 14 For example, the surfactant and / or co-surfactant may comprise a C 10 Alkyl group, C 12 Alkyl group, C 14 The alkyl group may include any of the following:

[0083] Additional anionic surfactants that may be used include aliphatic sulfonates, such as primary alkanes (e.g., C8-C 22 ) sulfonates, primary alkanes (e.g., C8-C 22 ) Disulfonates, C8-C 22 Alkenesulfonates, C8-C 22 The anionic surfactants may include hydroxyalkanesulfonates or alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates (AGS), or aromatic sulfonates such as alkylbenzene sulfonates. 12 ~C18 The alkyl ether sulfates may be alkyl sulfates or alkyl ether sulfates (including alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates). Among the alkyl ether sulfates are those represented by the formula RO(CH2CH2O) n SO3M where R is an alkyl or alkenyl having from 8 to 18 carbons, preferably from 12 to 18 carbons, n has an average value of at least 1.0, preferably less than 5, and most preferably from 1 to 4, and M is a solubilizing cation such as sodium, potassium, ammonium, or substituted ammonium.

[0084] Additional anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfosuccinates (mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C6-C 22 including sulfosuccinates), alkyl and acyl taurates (often methyl taurate), alkyl and acyl sarcosinates, sulfoacetates, C8-C 22 Alkyl phosphates and phosphonates, alkyl phosphate esters and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate esters, acyl lactates, C8-C 22 They may also be monoalkyl succinates and maleates, sulfoacetates, alkyl glucosides and acyl isethionates, and the like.

[0085] Sulfosuccinates have the formula: R 1 OC(O)CH2CH(SO3M)CO2M and may be a monoalkyl sulfosuccinate having the formula R 1 CONHCH2CH2OC(O)CH2CH(SO3M)CO2M wherein R 1 is C8~C 22 It is in the alkyl.

[0086] Sarcosinates are generally represented by the formula:

[0087] R 2 CON(CH3)CH2CO2M, where R 2 is C8~C 20 It is in the alkyl.

[0088] Taurates are generally identified by the formula:

[0089] R 3 CONR 4 CH2CH2SO3M In the formula, R 3 is C8~C 20 alkyl, and R 4 is C1-C4 alkyl.

[0090] M is a solubilizing cation as previously described.

[0091] Additional surfactants include C8-C 18 These esters can include acyl isethionates. These esters are prepared by reacting alkali metal isethionates with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At least 75% of the mixed fatty acids have 12 to 18 carbon atoms and up to 25% have 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0092] The acyl isethionate may be an alkoxylated isethionate such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,466, entitled "Fatty Acid Esters of Polyalkoxylated Isethionic Acid," to Ilardi et al., issued Feb. 28, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference. This compound has the general formula: R 5 C-(O)OC(X)HC(Y)H-(OCH2-CH2) m -SO3M wherein R 5 is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbons, m is an integer from 1 to 4, X and Y are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons, and M is the solubilizing cation described above.

[0093] In the cleansing composition, the additional anionic surfactant used may be 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium perfluorononanoate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium laurate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium stearate, sodium sulfosuccinate ester, sodium lauroyl isethionate, or combinations thereof.Such anionic surfactants are commercially available from suppliers such as Galaxy Surfactants, Clariant, Sino Lion, Stepan Company and Innospec.

[0094] The additional anionic surfactant used may be sodium lauroyl glycinate, sodium cocoyl glycinate, sodium lauroyl glutamate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl methyl taurate, sodium cocoyl methyl taurate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), or a combination thereof. Such anionic surfactants are commercially available from suppliers such as Galaxy Surfactants, Clariant, Sino Lion, and Innospec. Sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl methyl taurate, sodium lauroyl glyconate, sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), or a combination thereof may be a preferred anion suitable for use in cleansing compositions.

[0095] The additional anionic surfactant may be present in an amount of 0.01% to 35% by weight of the total cleansing composition, such as 0.5% to 30% by weight, for example 1% to 25% by weight, such as 1% to 20% by weight, for example 1% to 17% by weight, for example 1% to 15% by weight, for example 1% to 12.5% ​​by weight, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0096] Amphoteric surfactants may be included in the cleansing compositions disclosed herein. Amphoteric surfactants (which may also be zwitterionic depending on the pH) include sodium acylamphoacetate, sodium acylamphopropionate, disodium acylamphodiacetate, and disodium acylamphodipropionate, where the acyl (i.e., alkanoyl group) is C7-C8. 18 It may contain an alkyl moiety. Examples of amphoteric surfactants include sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, or combinations thereof.

[0097] The amphoteric surfactant may be present in an amount of 0.01% to 35% by weight of the total cleansing composition, such as 0.5% to 30% by weight, for example 1% to 25% by weight, such as 1% to 20% by weight, for example 1% to 17% by weight, such as 1% to 15% by weight, for example 1% to 12.5% ​​by weight, such as 1% to 10% by weight, for example 1% to 6% by weight, for example 1% to 4% by weight, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0098] Regarding the zwitterionic surfactants used in cleansing compositions, such surfactants contain at least one acid group. Such acid groups may be carboxylic or sulfonic acid groups. They often contain a quaternary nitrogen and may therefore be quaternary amino acids. They should generally contain an alkyl or alkenyl group of 7 to 18 carbon atoms and generally have the overall structural formula: R 6 -[-C(O)-NH(CH2) q -] r -N+ (R 7 )(R 8 )-AB In accordance with the formula, R 6 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, and R 7 and R 8 are each independently an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or carboxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, q is 2 to 4, r is 0 to 1, A is an alkylene having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with hydroxyl, and B is -CO2- or -SO3-.

[0099] Desirable zwitterionic surfactants for use in the cleansing compositions disclosed herein and within the general formula above are of the formula: R 6 -N + (R 7 )(R 8 )-CH2CO2 - The simple betaine, and the formula R 6 -CONH(CH2) t -N + (R 7 )(R 8 )-CH2CO2 - wherein t is 2 or 3.

[0100] In both equations, R 6 , R 7 and R 8 is as defined above. In particular, the group R 6 R has 10 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably at least three-quarters of the R 6 is derived from coconut oil 12 and C 14 R may be a mixture of alkyl groups. 7 and R 8 is preferably methyl.

[0101] A further possibility is that the zwitterionic surfactant has the formula R6 -N + (R 7 )(R 8 )-(CH2)3SO3 - or R 6 -CONH(CH2) u -N + (R 7 )(R 8 )-(CH2)3SO3 - (u is 2 or 3), or -(CH2)3SO3 - but -CH2C(OH)(H)CH2SO3 - is a variant in which

[0102] In these formulas, R 6 , R 7 and R 8 is as defined above.

[0103] Examples of zwitterionic surfactants suitable for use include betaines such as lauryl betaine, betaine citrate, cocodimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), cocoalkyldimethyl betaine, and laurylamidopropyl betaine. Additional zwitterionic surfactants suitable for use include cocoamidopropyl sultaines, such as cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine. Preferred zwitterionic surfactants include lauryl betaine, betaine citrate, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, (carboxymethyl)dimethyl-3-[(1-oxododecyl)amino]propyl ammonium hydroxide, cocoalkyldimethyl betaine, (carboxymethyl)dimethyloleylammonium hydroxide, cocoamidopropyl betaine, (carboxymethyl)dimethyloleylammonium hydroxide, cocoamidopropyl betaine, (carboxylatomethyl)dimethyl(octadecyl)ammonium, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, or combinations thereof. Such surfactants are commercially available from suppliers such as Stepan Company, Solvay, Evonik, and the like, and it is within the scope of the cleansing compositions disclosed herein to use mixtures of the aforementioned surfactants.

[0104] The zwitterionic surfactant may be present in an amount of 0.01% to 35% by weight of the total cleansing composition, such as 0.5% to 30% by weight, for example 1% to 25% by weight, such as 1% to 20% by weight, for example 1% to 17% by weight, such as 1% to 15% by weight, for example 1% to 12.5% ​​by weight, such as 1% to 10% by weight, for example 1% to 6% by weight, for example 1% to 4% by weight, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0105] Nonionic surfactants may be used in the cleansing composition. When used, nonionic surfactants are typically used at low levels of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, or 2% by weight of the total cleansing composition, and at high levels of 6%, 8%, 10%, or 12% by weight, including all ranges and values ​​encompassed therein. Nonionic surfactants that can be used include, in particular, compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, such as the reaction products of aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides, or alkylphenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide, alone or together with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic surfactant compounds include alkyl (C6-C 22 ) Phenol, ethylene oxide condensate, aliphatic (C8-C 18 ) Condensation products of primary or secondary straight-chain or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by the condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other nonionic surfactants include long-chain tertiary amine oxides, long-chain tertiary phosphine oxides, dialkyl sulfoxides, etc.

[0106] In one aspect, the nonionic surfactant has the following structure: a) HOCH2(CH2) s (CH2CH2O) c H or b) HOOC(CH2) v (CH2CH2O) d H, where s and v are each independently an integer of 18 or less, and c and d are each independently an integer of 1 or greater. In one embodiment, s and v may each independently be 6 to 18, and c and d may each independently be 1 to 30. Other options for nonionic surfactants include fatty acid / alcohol ethoxylates of the formula HOOC(CH2) i -CH=CH-(CH2) k (CH2CH2O) zH, wherein i and k are each independently 5 to 15, and z is 5 to 50. In another embodiment, i and k are each independently 6 to 12, and z is 15 to 35.

[0107] The nonionic surfactant may also include a sugar amide, such as a polysaccharide amide. Specifically, the surfactant may be one of the lactobionamides described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,279, issued Feb. 14, 1995, to Au et al., entitled "Compositions Comprising Nonionic Glycolipid Surfactants," which is incorporated herein by reference, or one of the sugar amides described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,814, issued Apr. 23, 1991, to Kelkenberg, entitled "Use of N-Polyhydroxyalkyl Fatty Acid Amides as Thickeners for Aqueous Surfactant Liquid Systems," which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0108] Illustrative examples of nonionic surfactants that may be used in the cleansing compositions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, polyglycosides, cetyl alcohol, decyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, n-octyl beta-d-thioglucopyranoside, octyl glucoside, oleyl alcohol, polysorbates, sorbitan, stearyl alcohol, or combinations thereof.

[0109] In one aspect, cationic surfactants can be used in the cleansing compositions of the present application.

[0110] One class of cationic surfactants includes heterocyclic ammonium salts such as cetyl or stearyl pyridinium chloride, alkylamidoethyl pyririnodium methyl sulfate, and pyrylium chloride.

[0111] Tetraalkylammonium salts are another useful class of cationic surfactants for use. Examples include cetyl or stearyl trimethylammonium chloride or bromide, hydrogenated palm or tallow trimethylammonium halide, behenyl trimethylammonium halide or methyl sulfate, decylisononyl dimethylammonium halide, ditallow (or distearyl) dimethylammonium halide, and behenyl dimethylammonium chloride.

[0112] Still other types of cationic surfactants that can be used are various ethoxylated quaternary amines and ester quats. Examples include PEG-5 stearyl ammonium lactate (e.g., Clariant's Genamin KSL), PEG-2 coco ammonium chloride, PEG-15 hydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride, PEG 15 stearyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoyl ethyl methyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoyl hydroxyethyl methyl sulfate, and stearylamidopropyl dimethylamine lactate.

[0113] Still other useful cationic surfactants include quaternized hydrolysates of silk, wheat, and keratin proteins, and it is within the scope of the present cleansing compositions to use mixtures of the above cationic surfactants.

[0114] When used, cationic surfactants comprise up to 1.0% by weight of the cleansing composition. When present, cationic surfactants typically comprise 0.01 to 0.7% by weight of the cleansing composition, more typically 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, including all ranges subsumed therein.

[0115] Cationic polymers can be included in cleansing compositions, such as shampoo or conditioner formulations, made with the anionic surfactants disclosed herein. Desirable cationic polymers include cationically substituted homopolymers or can be formed from two or more types of monomers. The weight average (M w The molecular weight of the polymer is generally 100,000 to 3 million daltons. The polymer has a cationic nitrogen-containing group such as a quaternary ammonium or protonated amino group, or a mixture thereof. If the molecular weight of the polymer is too low, the cleansing effect is insufficient. If it is too high, there may be a problem of high extensional viscosity, which causes the composition to string when dispensed.

[0116] The cationic nitrogen-containing group is generally present as a substituent on a portion of all the monomer units of the cationic polymer. Therefore, if the polymer is not a homopolymer, it may contain spacer non-cationic monomer units. The ratio of cationic to non-cationic monomer units is selected to provide a polymer with a cationic charge density in the required range, generally 0.2 to 3.0 meq / gm (milliequivalents per gram). The cationic charge density of the polymer is determined by the Kjeldahl method described in the United States Pharmacopoeia, under the chemical test for determining nitrogen.

[0117] Desirable cationic polymers include, for example, copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic amine or quaternary ammonium functional groups with water-soluble spacer monomers, such as (meth)acrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl (meth)acrylamides, alkyl (meth)acrylates, vinyl caprolactone, and vinyl pyrrolidine. The alkyl and dialkyl-substituted monomers preferably have C1-C7 alkyl groups, more preferably C1-C3 alkyl groups. Other suitable spacers include vinyl esters, vinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol.

[0118] The cationic amines may be primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, depending on the particular species and pH of the composition. Generally, secondary and tertiary amines, especially tertiary amines, are preferred.

[0119] Amine-substituted vinyl monomers and amines can be polymerized to the amine form and then converted to ammonium by quaternization.

[0120] The cationic polymer may comprise a mixture of monomer units derived from amine- and / or quaternary ammonium-substituted monomers and / or compatible spacer monomers.

[0121] Suitable (non-limiting examples) cationic polymers include:

[0122] - Cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium containing polymers, including for example dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer and copolymer of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium-6 and Polyquaternium-7, respectively.

[0123] Mineral acid salts of amino-alkyl esters of homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids having 3 to 5 carbon atoms (as described in US Pat. No. 4,009,256).

[0124] - cationic polyacrylamides (as described in WO 1995 / 22311).

[0125] Other cationic polymers that can be used include cationic polysaccharide polymers such as cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch derivatives and cationic guar gum derivatives.

[0126] The cationic polysaccharide polymers preferred for use are of the formula AO-[RN + (R 1 )(R2 )(R 3 )X - ], where A is an anhydroglucose residue, such as a starch or cellulose anhydroglucose residue. R is an alkylene, oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group, or a combination thereof. 1 , R 2 and R 3 independently represent an alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl group, each group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms. The total number of carbon atoms in each cationic moiety (i.e., R 1 , R 2 and R 3 (total carbon atoms) is preferably about 20 or less, and X is an anionic counterion.

[0127] Another type of cationic cellulose includes a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a lauryldimethylammonium-substituted epoxide, known in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium-24. These materials are available from Amerchol Corporation, for example, under the trade name Polymer LM-200.

[0128] Other cationic polysaccharide polymers include quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,418) and copolymers of etherified cellulose and starch (e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,958,581). Examples of such materials include the polymer LR and JR series manufactured by Dow, commonly referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium-10.

[0129] A particularly desirable type of cationic polysaccharide polymer that can be used is a cationic guar gum derivative, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (commercially available from Rhodia in the JAGUAR™ trademark series). Examples of such materials are JAGUAR™ C13S, JAGUAR™ C14, JAGUAR™ C17, and JAGUAR™ S.

[0130] Mixtures of any of the above cationic polymers can be used.

[0131] Other desirable cationic polymers include cationic polysaccharide polymers, cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers, mineral acid salts of amino-alkyl esters of homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, cationic polyacrylamines, or combinations thereof. For example, the cationic polymers can include cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch derivatives, and cationic guar gum derivatives, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymers, and copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, or combinations thereof.

[0132] The cationic polymer is generally present at a level of 0.01 to 5%, preferably 0.02 to 1%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.8%, by total weight of cationic polymer, based on the total weight of the composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0133] Cleansing compositions made using the anionic surfactants disclosed herein may contain 1.0 to 10.0 wt % of a conditioning agent, based on the total weight of the cleansing composition.

[0134] Conditioning agents can include behentrimonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, hydrogenated tallow alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, stearylpropyleneglycolphosphatedimethylammonium chloride, stearoylamidopropyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, stearoylamidopropyldimethyl(myristylacetate)ammonium chloride, N-(stearoylcholaminoformylmethyl)pyridinium chloride, or combinations thereof.

[0135] One class of conditioning agents includes heterocyclic ammonium salts such as cetyl or stearyl pyridinium chloride, alkylamidoethyl pyridinodium methyl sulfate, lapyrium chloride, or combinations thereof.

[0136] Tetraalkylammonium salts are another useful class of conditioning agents. Examples include cetyl or stearyl trimethylammonium chloride or bromide, hydrogenated palm or tallow trimethylammonium halide, behenyl trimethylammonium halide or methyl sulfate, decylisononyl dimethylammonium halide, ditallow (or distearyl) dimethylammonium halide, behenyl dimethylammonium chloride, or combinations thereof.

[0137] Still other types of cationic surfactant conditioning agents that can be used are various ethoxylated quaternary amines and ester quats. Examples include PEG-5 stearyl ammonium lactate (e.g., Clariant's Genamin KSL), PEG-2 coco ammonium chloride, PEG-15 hydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride, PEG 15 stearyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoyl ethyl methyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoyl hydroxyethyl methyl sulfate, stearylamidopropyl dimethylamine lactate, or combinations thereof.

[0138] Still other conditioning agents include quaternized hydrolysates of silk, wheat, and keratin proteins, or combinations thereof. Oat peptides are another useful additive in cleansing compositions.

[0139] Other desirable conditioning agents include copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium salts, copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers, or combinations thereof.

[0140] Cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium containing polymers can include dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymers and copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride.

[0141] The conditioning agent may further comprise a silicone. When present, the silicone conditioning agent may include dimethicone, amodimethicone, cyclomethicone, dimethiconol and dimethiconol / silsesquioxane copolymer, isohexadecane, or combinations thereof.

[0142] The conditioning agent may be present in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt. %, such as 0.25 to 4 wt. %, for example 0.5 to 3 wt. %, for example 1.0 to 2.5 wt. %, for example 0.1 to 1.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the cleansing composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0143] The cleansing compositions disclosed herein can contain less than 3.0% by weight of sulfate, preferably less than 1.0% by weight of sulfate, and most preferably sulfate-free (0.0% by weight), such that the cleansing compositions are essentially sulfate-free or completely sulfate-free.

[0144] To protect against the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms, preservatives can be preferably incorporated into the cleansing composition. Preservatives are antimicrobial ingredients added to maintain the microbiological safety of the product. They inhibit the growth of microorganisms, thus reducing the level of microbial contamination. Because personal cleansing formulations such as those disclosed herein contain biodegradable ingredients, uncontrolled microbial decomposition can be unpleasant and unsafe. Because microbial growth depends on water, preservatives must be distributed to some extent in the aqueous phase of the formulation. Commonly used preservatives can be classified into the following five types:

[0145] 1) Parabens, such as methyl-, propyl-, and butylparaben, and Germaben II, are derived from parahydroxybenzoic acid. These materials are economical and effective against fungi and some gram-negative bacteria, but require a second ingredient to inhibit gram-positive bacteria. They also tend to partition more toward the oil phase in emulsion-containing formulations. They are widely used at levels of 0.01 to 0.3% by weight in cleansing compositions and are generally considered safe, although there are concerns about possible estrogenic activity and links to cancer.

[0146] 2) Formaldehyde-releasing agents, such as Germall Plus, DMDM ​​hydantoin, and imadozolidinyl or diazolidinyl urea. Materials of this type are effective against bacteria but have weak antifungal activity. They are used at levels of 0.1-0.5% by weight in the pH range of 3-8. The low levels of free formaldehyde released ensure microbial inhibition but raise concerns about its potential carcinogenicity.

[0147] 3) Isothiazolinones, such as methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), methylisothiazolinone (MI), and Kathon. Isothiazolinones offer broad-spectrum effectiveness over a wide pH range, but can cause skin irritation in some consumers. Materials of this type are used at low levels, on the order of tens of ppm.

[0148] 4) Phenoxyethanol, available commercially as Optiphen or Optiphen Plus and Neolone PH 100. Phenoxyethanol is often considered a milder alternative to parabens or formaldehyde donors, but it has a narrower spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly combined with caprylyl glycol, sorbic acid / potassium sorbate, or EDTA to create a broad spectrum of efficacy. It is applicable across a wide pH range, with typical use levels of 1% or less. However, there is some concern about possible carcinogenicity.

[0149] 5) Organic acids such as benzoic acid / sodium benzoate, sorbic acid / potassium sorbate, salicylic acid / sodium salicylate, and levulinic or anisic acid. These acids are limited to aqueous applications in the pH range of 2-6. They are typically used at higher levels than some of the alternatives listed above and are very effective against fungi but somewhat less effective against bacteria (which can be enhanced by combination with diazolidinyl urea). This class of preservatives is generally considered natural.

[0150] Preservatives for use in the cleansing compositions disclosed herein can include organic acid-based preservatives, preferably sodium benzoate, caprylyl glycol, or combinations thereof. Traditional preservatives for use include hydantoin derivatives and propionates.

[0151] Other preservatives suitable for use include iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), phenoxyethanol, 1,2-octanediol, hydroxyacetophenone, ethylhexylglycerin, hexylene glycol, methylparaben, propylparaben, imidazolidinyl urea, sodium dehydroacetate, dimethyl-dimethyl (DMDM) hydantoin, and benzyl alcohol, as well as mixtures thereof. Other preservatives include sodium benzoate, sodium dehydroacetate, chlorophenesin, decylene glycol, methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, or combinations thereof. Preservatives should be selected taking into consideration the intended use of the composition and potential incompatibilities between the preservative and other ingredients in the cleansing composition. Preservative systems containing hydroxyacetophenone alone or in mixtures with other preservatives are also preferred. Sodium benzoate, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, phenoxyethanol, or combinations thereof are particularly preferred.

[0152] As discussed herein, preservatives including phenoxyethanol (with or without capryloyl glycine and / or undecylenoyl glycine), iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, benzoic acid (and / or derivatives of benzoic acid, natural or synthetic), and mixtures thereof, are highly suitable and often desirable for use in cleansing compositions.

[0153] The preservative may be used in an amount of 0.001 to 1.5% by weight of the total cleansing composition, such as 0.002 to 1.5% by weight, for example 0.003 to 1.5% by weight, for example 0.004 to 1.5% by weight, such as 0.005 to 1.5% by weight, for example 0.006 to 1.5% by weight, for example 0.007 to 1.5% by weight, for example 0.008 to 1.5% by weight, for example 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, for example 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, including all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0154] Again, it is preferred that the composition is free or substantially free of isothiazolinones, hydantoins, and parabens. Substantially free or essentially free as disclosed herein means less than 0.5 wt. % based on the total weight of the cleansing composition, preferably less than 0.3 wt. %, and most preferably less than 0.15 wt. % (or 0.1 wt. % or 0.05 wt. % or less than 0.04-0.01 wt. % or 0.0 wt. % (none)).

[0155] Concerning heterocyclic impurities such as 1,4-dioxane, they can be removed using biofilters (nitrogen removal biofilters), and the process of using ozone and ozone with peroxide can remove impurities from the solution containing impurities containing sulfated surfactants.Cleansing composition can be formulated to contain less than 25 ppm of heterocyclic impurities.Preferably, cleansing composition has less than 10 ppm, preferably less than 5 ppm, most preferably less than 2 ppm, less than 1 ppm or even less than 0.05 ppm of heterocyclic impurities such as 1,4-dioxane, or none.

[0156] The cleansing compositions disclosed herein typically contain water in an amount of 20-95 wt. %, more specifically 50-90 wt. %, for example, 75-90 wt. %, based on the total weight of the cleansing composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein. Such water contents are representative of a relatively wide range of compositions, including both concentrated and non-concentrated products, with formulations having a water content of less than 20-50 wt. % being representative of concentrated products.

[0157] The cleansing composition can further comprise various additives, including, but not limited to, colorants, anti-dandruff agents, skin feel agents, hair dyes, styling polymers, silicone oils, cationic polymers, or combinations thereof.Each of these substances can be present in an amount of 0.03-5 wt%, preferably 0.1-3 wt%, of the total weight of the cleansing composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​contained therein.For example, if present, colorants can be present in an amount of 5 parts per million (ppm) to 15 ppm, for example, about 15 ppm.

[0158] Additional optional ingredients that may be present in the cleansing composition include, for example, fragrances, colorants, opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide (TiO), ethylene glycol monostearate (EGMS), ethylene glycol distearate (EGDS), or LYTRON 621 (styrene / acrylate copolymer), antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), stabilizers, foam boosters such as coconut acyl mono- or diethanolamide, ionizable salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, and other ingredients conventionally used in liquid soap formulations. The total amount of such additional optional ingredients is typically 0 to 10 wt. %, more specifically 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the cleansing composition.

[0159] The composition typically comprises one or more skin benefit agents.The term "skin benefit agent" is defined as a substance that softens or improves the elasticity, appearance and youthfulness of skin (stratum corneum) by increasing its moisture content, or by adding or replacing lipids and other skin nutrients, or both, and keeps skin soft by slowing down the loss of its moisture content.Skin benefit agent includes, for example, emollients, including hydrophobic emollients, hydrophilic emollients, or blends thereof.

[0160] The cleansing composition may further comprise an emollient, which may be present in an amount of 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0161] In one embodiment, the emollient comprises an oil, butter, wax, or combination thereof. The oil may be baobab seed oil, argan kernel oil, behenyl neopentanoate, borage seed oil, rapeseed oil, tamanu seed oil, flaxseed oil, camellia seed oil, caprylic / capric triglyceride, safflower seed oil, cococaprylic / capric acid, coconut oil, hazel seed oil, crambe seed oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, isopropyl myristate, isononyl isonanoate, isopropyl palmitate, jojoba esters, lanolin oil and lanolin derivatives, Limnanthes alba (Limnanthes alba) Alba) (meadowfoam) seed oil, linseed oil, macadamia seed oil, moringa seed oil, evening primrose oil, olive fruit oil, babassu seed oil, rice germ oil, avocado oil, sacha inchi seed oil, sweet almond oil, castor seed oil, rosehip seed oil, chia seed oil, sage oil, mongongo kernel oil, marula seed oil, sesame seed oil, sal seed oil, silicone, jojoba seed oil, squalane, thyme oil, algae oil, wheat germ oil, grapeseed oil, corn oil, or a combination thereof.

[0162] The butter may be aloe butter, avocado butter, baculi butter, cocoa butter, coconut butter, coffee bean butter, cupuacu butter, hemp seed butter, illipe butter, kokum butter, macadamia nut butter, mango butter, mochacchino butter, murumuru butter, olive butter, pistachio nut butter, clarified butter, shea butter, sweet almond butter, tucuma butter, ukuuba butter, or a combination thereof.

[0163] The wax may be carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax, lanolin, and derivatives thereof.

[0164] Other useful skin benefit agents include: (a) Linear and cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes or silicone oils and modifications thereof, such as amino, alkyl, alkylaryl and aryl silicone oils. (b) Fats and oils, including natural fats and oils such as soybean oil, rice bran oil, persic oil, and mink oil, cocoa butter, beef tallow and lard, hardened oils obtained by hydrogenating the above oils, and synthetic mono-, di-, and triglycerides such as myristic acid glyceride and 2-ethylhexanoic acid glyceride. (c) Hydrophobic and hydrophilic plant extracts (d) hydrocarbons such as liquid paraffin, petrolatum, microcrystalline wax, ceresin, squalene, pristane, and mineral oil; (e) Higher fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, lanolic acid, isostearic acid, arachidonic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). (f) higher alcohols such as lauryl, cetyl, stearyl, oleyl, behenyl, cholesterol, and 2-hexidecanol alcohol (g) Esters such as cetyl octanoate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl adipate, butyl stearate, decyl oleate, cholesterol isostearate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol monolaurate, glycerol distearate, glycerol tristearate, alkyl lactate, alkyl citrate, and alkyl tartrate. (h) Mint, jasmine, camphor, white cedar, orange peel, ryu, turpentine, cinnamon, bergamot, Satsuma mandarin, calamus, pine, sugarcane, chamomile, yarrow, licorice, lavender, bay laurel, clove, cypress, eucalyptus, lemon, starflower, peppermint, rose, sage, sesame, ginger, basil, juniper, lemongrass, rosemary, rosewood, avocado, grape, grapeseed, myrrh, cucumber, watercress, and ki Essential oils and extracts such as ginseng, elderberry, geranium, linden blossom, amaranth, seaweed, ginkgo, ginseng, carrot, guarana, tea tree, comfrey, oatmeal, cacao, neroli, vanilla, green tea, mint, aloe vera, menthol, cineole, eugenol, citral, citronellol, borneol, linalool, geraniol, evening primrose, camphor, thymol, spilanthol, penene, limonene and terpenoid oils (i) Polyols such as polyhydric alcohols, for example, glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycols, examples of which are Polyox WSR-205 PEG 14M, Polyox WSR-N-60K PEG 45M, or Polyox WSR-N-750, and PEG 7M. (j) Lipids such as cholesterol, ceramide, sucrose esters and pseudoceramides as described in European Patent Application Publication No. 556,957 (k) Vitamins, minerals, emulsions, skin nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin alkyl esters including vitamin C alkyl esters, magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc, and other metal ingredients (l) Sunscreens such as octyl methoxycinnamate (Parsol MCX) and butyl methoxybenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789) (m) phospholipids, and (n) Anti-aging compounds such as alpha-hydroxy acids and beta-hydroxy acids Skin benefit agents generally comprise up to 30% by weight of the cleansing composition, with levels of 0-25% by weight, more specifically 0-20% by weight, being preferred and typical of the levels at which these skin benefit agents are used in many of the subject formulations. Preferred skin benefit agents include fatty acids, hydrocarbons, polyhydric alcohols, polyols and mixtures thereof, and preferably contain at least one C 12 ~C 18 Emollients including fatty acids, petrolatum, glycerol, sorbitol, and / or propylene glycol are of particular interest in one or more embodiments.

[0165] Other optional ingredients include water-soluble / dispersible polymers. These polymers may be cationic, anionic, amphoteric, or nonionic types with molecular weights exceeding 100,000 daltons. They are known to increase the viscosity and stability of liquid personal cleansing formulations, enhance skin feel during and after use, and increase foam creaminess and foam stability. If present, the total amount of such polymers typically present in cleansing compositions is 0.1 to 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the cleansing composition.

[0166] Examples of water-soluble or dispersible polymers include cellulose gum, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose gel, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, guar gum, karaya gum, tragacanth gum, gum arabic, acacia gum, agar gum, xanthan gum and mixtures thereof, modified and unmodified starch granules and pregelatinized cold water soluble starches, emulsion polymers such as ACUYLN® 28, ACULYLN® 22 or CARBAPOL® Aqua SF1, cationic polymers such as modified polysaccharides containing cationic guar available from Rhone Poulenc under the trade names JAGUAR® C13S, JAGUAR® C14S, JAGUAR® C17 or JAGUAR® C16, UCARE® Polymer JR 30 or JR from Amerchol cationic modified celluloses such as N-HANCE® 40, N-HANCE® 3000, N-HANCE® 3196, N-HANCE® GPX 215, or N-HANCE® GPX 196 from Hercules, synthetic cationic polymers such as MERQUAT® 100, MERQUAT® 280, MERQUAT® 281, and MERQUAT® 550 from Nalco, cationic starches such as STALOK® 100, 200, 300, and 400 from Staley Inc., cationic galactomannans such as the GALACTASOL® 800 series from Henkel, Inc., QUADROSOFT® LM-200, and carbohydrate gums such as polyquaternium-24. High molecular weight polyethylene glycols such as POLYOX® WSR-205 (PEG 14M), POLYOX® WSR-N-60K (PEG 45), and POLYOX® WSR-301 (PEG 90M) are also suitable.

[0167] An opacifier may be present in the cleansing composition.When an opacifier is present, the composition is generally opaque.Examples of opacifiers include titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, etc.A particularly preferred opacifier that can be used when an opaque soap composition is desired is, for example, ethylene glycol mono- or di-stearate in the form of a 20% solution in sodium lauryl ether sulfate.An alternative opacifier is zinc stearate.

[0168] The product may take the form of a water-clear, ie transparent, composition, in which case it does not contain any opacifying agents.

[0169] Desirably, optional skin benefit agents for use in the antimicrobial compositions disclosed herein include niacinamide (vitamin B3), tocopherol (vitamin E), aloe vera, alpha-hydroxy acids and esters, beta-hydroxy acids and esters, hydroxyethyl urea, polyhydroxy acids and esters, creatine, hydroquinone, t-butylhydroquinone, mulberry, hyaluronic acid and salts thereof (including, but not limited to, their Na+ and K+ salts), extracts, licorice extract, resorcinol derivatives, or combinations thereof. For example, the skin benefit agent may be sodium hyaluronate. Such benefit agents, including sodium hyaluronate, may be present in an amount of 0.0001 to 10 wt. %, e.g., 0.001 to 6.5 wt. %, e.g., 0.01 to 3.5 wt. %, e.g., 0.01 wt. %, based on the total weight of the cleansing composition, including any and all values ​​and ranges subsumed therein.

[0170] Additional optional water-soluble skin benefit agents include acids, such as amino acids, such as arginine, valine, or histidine. Other vitamins, such as vitamin B2, picolinamide, panthenol (vitamin B5), vitamin B6, vitamin C, and combinations thereof, may also be used. Derivatives (generally meaning something developed or derived from something else), particularly water-soluble derivatives of such vitamins, may also be used. For example, vitamin C derivatives, such as ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and ascorbyl glycoside, may be used alone or in combination with each other. Niacinamide derivatives, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), may be used alone or in combination with each other. Electrolytes, such as NaCl and / or KCl, MgCl, etc., may also be used. When present in the compositions disclosed herein, the total amount of any water-soluble benefit agent (including mixtures) may be from 0.0001 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 6.5% by weight, and most preferably from 0.01 to 3.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing composition, including any and all values ​​and ranges subsumed therein.

[0171] Oil-soluble benefit agents may also be included and are within the scope of the present cleansing compositions. Illustrative examples of the types of oil-soluble benefit agents that may be used in the cleansing compositions disclosed herein include ingredients such as vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E (tocopherol), and K (and their oil-soluble derivatives).

[0172] Other optional oil-soluble beneficial agents that can be used include resorcinol and resorcinol derivatives, such as 4-hexylresorcinol, 4-phenylethylresorcinol, 4-cyclopentylresorcinol, 4-cyclohexylresorcinol, 4-isopropylresorcinol, or combinations thereof.Also, 5-substituted resorcinols, such as 4-cyclohexyl-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, 4-isopropyl-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, or combinations thereof, can be used.5-substituted resorcinols and their synthesis are described in commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 10,470,986.

[0173] Still other oil-soluble benefit agents that may be used include omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, climbazole, magnolol, honokiol, farnesol, ursolic acid, myristic acid, geranylgeraniol, oleyl betaine, cocoyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, hexanoyl sphingosine, 10-hydroxystearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid (12HSA), petroselinic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, or lauric acid, terpene, and the like. Neol, thymol extract ingredients, or a solubilizing agent selected from limonene, pinene, camphene, cymene, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, nerol, linalool, rhodinol, bornol, isoborneol, menthol, camphor, safrole, isosafrole, eugenol, isoeugenol, tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil, neem oil, lemongrass oil, orange oil, and bergamot oil, or any combination of oil-soluble benefit agents.

[0174] Another optional oil-soluble beneficial agent that can be used is retinoic acid precursor.Retinoic acid precursor can be retinol, retinal, retinyl ester, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate or combinations thereof.Retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate and combinations thereof are typically preferred.Another retinoic acid precursor that can be used is hydroxyanasatil retinoate, which is commercially available under the name of RETEXTRA (registered trademark) and is supplied by Molecular Design International.It can be used in combination with any of the oil-soluble beneficial agents described herein.

[0175] If an optional (i.e., 0.0 to 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing composition) oil-soluble benefit agent is used, it is typically present in an amount of 0.001 to 1.5% by weight of the total cleansing composition, including any and all values ​​and ranges subsumed therein, such as 0.05 to 1.2%, e.g., 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of the total weight of the cleansing composition. In one embodiment, palmitic acid and / or 12-hydroxystearic acid and glycerol are present in the cleansing composition, with or without niacinamide.

[0176] In another embodiment, 0.001 to 1.5% by weight or 0.01 to 1% by weight of hyaluronic acid and / or dihydroxyacetone is optionally used in the cleansing composition.

[0177] Preferred skin benefit agents include fatty acids, hydrocarbons, polyhydric alcohols, polyols and mixtures thereof, and include at least one C 12 ~C 18 Emollients, including fatty acids, petrolatum, glycerol, sorbitol, and / or propylene glycol, are particularly important in one or more embodiments. These agents can be added at an appropriate stage during the manufacturing process of the cleansing composition. Some benefit agents can be introduced as macrodomains.

[0178] Other optional ingredients, such as antioxidants, fragrances, polymers, colorants, deodorants, dyes, enzymes, foaming agents, disinfectants, antibacterial agents, lathering agents, pearlescent agents, skin conditioners, stabilizers, or superfatting agents, may be added in appropriate amounts during the process of preparing the cleansing composition. Sodium metabisulfite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), borax, or ethylenehydroxydiphosphonic acid (EHDP) may be added to the formulation. Such ingredients may be added in amounts of 0.01 to 2.5 wt %, for example, 0.01 to 2.0 wt %, for example, 0.02 to 2.0 wt %, for example, 0.04 to 2.0 wt %, for example, 0.04 to 1.5 wt %, for example, 0.05 to 1.5 wt %, including any and all ranges and values ​​encompassed therein.

[0179] The cleansing compositions disclosed herein may be used to provide antibacterial benefits. Antibacterial agents that can be included to provide these benefits include oligodynamic metals or compounds thereof. Preferred metals are silver, copper, zinc, gold, or aluminum. In ionic form, they can exist as salts or any compound in any applicable oxidation state. Preferred silver compounds are silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver sulfate, silver benzoate, silver salicylate, silver carbonate, silver citrate, silver phosphate, or combinations thereof, with silver oxide, silver sulfate, and silver citrate being of particular interest in one or more embodiments. In at least one aspect, the silver compound is silver oxide. The oligodynamic metals or compounds thereof may be included in an amount of 0.0001 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight, of the cleansing composition. Alternatively, essential oil antibacterial actives may be included in the cleansing composition. Essential oil actives that may be included include terpineol, thymol, carbachol, (E)-2(prop-1-enyl)phenol, 2-propylphenol, 4-pentylphenol, 4-sec-butylphenol, 2-benzylphenol, eugenol, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, preferred essential oil actives are terpineol, thymol, carvacrol, thymol, or a combination thereof, with terpineol or thymol, or a combination thereof, being most preferred. When present, essential oil actives may be included in an amount of 0.001-1% by weight of the composition, preferably 0.01-0.5% by weight.

[0180] Still other ingredients that may be used include octopirox (piroctone), zinc pyrithione, chloroxylenol, triclosan, cetylpyridinium chloride, and silver compounds including silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver sulfate, silver phosphate, silver carbonate, silver acetate, silver benzoate, combinations thereof, etc. If used, these other ingredients typically comprise 0.001 to 1.6% by weight of the total cleansing composition, including any and all values ​​and ranges subsumed therein, and preferably 0.01 to 1.2% by weight.

[0181] The cleansing composition may further comprise a humectant. The humectant may be present in an amount of 0.5 to 15% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 8% by weight of the antibacterial composition. The humectant may be used to supplement the moisturizing effect of the cleansing composition. Humectants are generally known as moisturizers that attract water from the air or from deep within the skin. In other words, humectants attract water to the skin, hair, or nails. The humectant may generally be a polyhydric alcohol-type material. Typical polyhydric alcohols include glycerol (i.e., glycerin), propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (e.g., PPG-9), polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, hydroxypropyl sorbitol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, isoprene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, ethoxylated glycerol, propoxylated glycerol, or combinations thereof. Glycerin, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or a combination thereof is most preferred. In one embodiment, the moisturizer may be propylene glycol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, triethylene glycol, erythritol, capryl glycol, hyaluronic acid, polypropylene glycol-7 propylheptyl ether, or a combination thereof.

[0182] The pH of the cleansing composition can be adjusted by using a suitable adjuster.Such pH adjuster includes triethylamine, NaOH, KOH, H2SO4, HCl, C6H8O7 (i.e., citric acid) or their mixtures.The pH adjuster is added in an amount that makes the final pH of the composition as defined herein.

[0183] The pH of the composition is assessed by using conventional equipment, such as a pH meter commercially available from Thermo Scientific®. The pH of the cleansing composition may be from 3 to 9, preferably from 4 to 8, and more preferably from 5 to 7.

[0184] Thickeners are optionally suitable for use in cleansing compositions. Polysaccharides are particularly useful. Examples include fiber, starch, natural / synthetic gums, and cellulose. Representative examples of starch include modified starches such as sodium hydroxypropyl starch phosphate and aluminum starch octenyl succinate. Tapioca starch is often preferred, as is maltodextrin. Suitable gums include xanthan, sclerotium, pectin, karaya, arabic, agar, guar (including acacia senegal guar), carrageenan, alginate, and combinations thereof. Suitable cellulose-based materials include hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (cellulose gum / carboxymethylcellulose), and cellulose (e.g., cellulose microfibrils, cellulose nanocrystals, or microcrystalline cellulose). Sources of cellulose microfibrils include secondary cell wall materials (e.g., wood pulp, cotton), bacterial cellulose, and primary cell wall materials. Preferably, the source of primary cell wall material is selected from parenchyma tissues from fruits, roots, bulbs, tubers, seeds, leaves, and combinations thereof, more preferably from citrus fruits, tomato fruits, peach fruits, pumpkin fruits, kiwi fruits, apple fruits, mango fruits, sugar beet, beetroot, turnip, parsnip, corn, oats, wheat, peas, and combinations thereof, and even more preferably from citrus fruits, tomato fruits, and combinations thereof. The most preferred source of primary cell wall material is parenchyma tissue from citrus fruits. Citrus fiber, such as that available as AQ Plus by Herbacel®, can also be used as a source of cellulose microfibrils.The cellulose source can be surface modified by any of the known methods, including those described in Colloidal Polymer Science, Kalia et al., "Nanofibrillated cellulose: surface modification and potential applications" (2014), Vol. 292, Pages 5-31.

[0185] Synthetic polymers are yet another class of effective thickeners. This category includes carbomers, acrylate copolymers, acrylate / acrylate (C 10 ~C 30 ) alkyl acrylate crosspolymers, polyacrylamides such as Sepigel® 305, and crosslinked polyacrylates such as taurate copolymers such as Simulgel® EG and Aristoflex® AVC, the copolymers being identified by their respective INCI nomenclature as sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate and acryloyldimethyltaurate / vinylpyrrolidone copolymer. Another preferred synthetic polymer suitable for thickening is the acrylate-based polymer marketed by Seppic and sold under the name Simulgel INS100. Calcium carbonate, salts such as sodium chloride, fumed silica, and magnesium-aluminum silicate can also be used.

[0186] The amount of thickener, if used, may be 0.001 to 5% by weight of the composition. Often, the thickener is present in an amount of 0.8 to 3.5%, preferably 1.0 to 3.0% by weight of the cleansing composition when petrolatum (0.01 to 1% by weight) is included. In one embodiment, the cationic thickener may be present in an amount of 0.01 to 2.5%, preferably 0.05 to 1.8%, and most preferably 0.2 to 1.2% by weight of the cleansing composition.

[0187] The self-foaming cleansing composition may further comprise a chelating agent, which may be present in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0 wt. % based on the total weight of the self-foaming cleansing composition, for example, 0.05 to 0.75 wt. % based on the total weight of the self-foaming cleansing composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0188] In one embodiment, the chelating agent comprises ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, trisodium N-(hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, the acid form of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phytic acid, or a combination thereof.

[0189] In one embodiment, the chelating agent comprises sodium gluconate, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), iminodisuccinic acid (IDS), salts of methylglycinediacetic acid, methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), L-glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA), ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutaric acid (EDDG), ethylenediamine-N,N'-dimalonic acid (EDDM), 3-hydroxy-2,2-iminodisuccinic acid (HIDS), 2-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HEIDA), pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDA), sodium citrate, or a combination thereof. The chelating agents are biodegradable.

[0190] The cleansing composition may further contain an emulsifier. The emulsifier is a C condensed with about 2 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide per mole of hydrophobic substance. 10 ~C 20 C2-C condensed with an aliphatic alcohol or acid hydrophobe, 2 to 20 moles of alkylene oxide 10 Alkylphenols, mono- and di-fatty acid esters of ethylene glycol, sorbitan, mono- and di-C8-C 20The nonionic emulsifier may be selected from fatty acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitan, or a combination thereof. Alkyl polyglycosides and saccharide fatty amides (e.g., methyl gluconamide) may also be used as nonionic emulsifiers.

[0191] If used, the emulsifier typically has an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) of 7.5 to 28, preferably 8 to 25, and most preferably 9 to 20, including any and all ranges and values ​​encompassed therein. For example, nonionic emulsifiers may include polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80). Other emulsifiers that may be used include emulsifying wax, cetearyl glucoside, and cetearyl alcohol, also known as Montanov 68, in combination with other emulsifiers. When present, the emulsifier may be present in an amount of 0 to 3% by weight of the cleansing composition, for example, 1% by weight. The emulsifier may also include a phospholipid, such as hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine (i.e., lecithin), in the emulsifier amounts described above.

[0192] Preferably, the emulsifier is selected from polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), emulsifying wax, cetearyl glucoside, cetearyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, cetyl alcohol, or combinations thereof.

[0193] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that branching near the head group of the surfactants disclosed herein sterically protects the ester bond, slowing hydrolysis and breaking down packing, thereby providing improved performance benefits such as lower Krafft temperatures and better foaming. Compared to their linear counterparts, such branching also favors a more cylindrical geometry when combined with zwitterionic surfactants, resulting in the observed buildup of viscosity without salt.

[0194] Furthermore, the branching of the surfactant tails disclosed herein not only improves hydrolytic stability and lowers the Krafft point, thereby improving solubility, but also provides a unique packing method at the interface, improves foam stability, and provides a unique structuring method for viscosity formation with low or no salt (e.g., no potassium chloride or other salts). Improved hydrolytic stability and Krafft point can also be achieved by branching the head group, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,008,239. However, branching the head group (on the other side of the carbonyl) makes it bulkier, which has drawbacks such as poor structuring for viscosity formation, poor salt response for thickening, and the ability to form lamellar phases only under very narrow conditions. This often requires more cosurfactant to compensate for the larger head group and balance the packing parameters, either to obtain a more string-like structure (favorable for viscosity formation) or to form a more lamellar structure (useful in new formats).

[0195] Unless expressly indicated otherwise, all numbers herein expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions, physical properties and / or uses of ingredients should be understood to be modified by the word "about." All amounts are by weight of the final composition unless otherwise specified.

[0196] As used herein, skin refers to the skin of the arms (including armpits), face, feet, neck, chest, hands, legs, buttocks, and scalp (including hair). Such end-use compositions are suitable for wiping or washing off, preferably for washing off with water. The cleansing composition may be a home care cleansing composition, but is preferably a shampoo, a makeup remover, a face wash, a hand wash or a personal care liquid body wash, or a cleansing bar. Viscosity as used herein is measured at 25°C and 20 seconds intervals, and is determined by the first viscosity V A 0.4 seconds -1 First shear rate S A , and the second viscosity V B 10s against-1 The second shear rate S B and obtained on a Discovery HR-2 rheometer using sandblasted plates (40 millimeters) with a 1000 micron gap. The cleansing composition may contain pharmaceutical or therapeutic agents, but is preferably a cleanser that is cosmetic and non-therapeutic.

[0197] It should be noted that when specifying any range of concentrations or amounts, any particular upper concentration limit can be associated with any particular lower concentration limit or amount limit, as well as any subranges used therein. In that regard, it should be noted that all ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independently combinable with each other (e.g., a range of "up to 25 wt. %, or more specifically, 5 wt. % to 20 wt. %" includes the endpoints and all intermediate values ​​in the range from 5 wt. % to 25 wt. %, etc.). "Combinations" include blends, mixtures, alloys, reaction products, and the like. Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and the like herein does not denote order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. The terms "a," "an," and "the" herein do not imply quantitative limitations and should be construed to encompass both the singular and the plural unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. As used herein, the suffix "(s)" is intended to include both the singular and the plural of the term it modifies, thereby including one or more of the term (e.g., film(s) includes one or more films). Throughout this specification, references to "one embodiment," "one aspect," "another embodiment," "another aspect," "embodiment," "aspect," and the like mean that a particular element (e.g., a feature, structure, and / or characteristic) described in connection with an embodiment or aspect is included in at least one embodiment or aspect described herein and may or may not be present in other embodiments or aspects. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the described elements can be combined in any suitable manner in the various embodiments or aspects.

[0198] All cited patents, patent applications, and other references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. However, if a term in this application conflicts or contradicts a term in an incorporated reference, the term in this application shall take precedence over the conflicting term in the incorporated reference. While certain embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are not presently anticipated or may not be anticipated may occur to applicant or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims, as filed and as optionally amended, are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.

[0199] For the avoidance of doubt, the term "comprising" is intended to mean "including" but not necessarily "consisting of" or "composed of." In other words, the listed steps, options, or alternatives need not be exhaustive.

[0200] The disclosure of the present invention found herein should be construed as covering all aspects found in the claims as multiple dependent on one another, regardless of the fact that the claims may be found without multiple dependency or redundancy. Unless otherwise specified, numerical ranges expressed in the format "from x to y" are understood to include x and y. When specifying any range of values ​​or amounts, any particular upper value or amount can be associated with any particular lower value or amount. All percentages and ratios contained herein are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. Various features of the present invention mentioned in individual sections above apply mutatis mutandis to other sections, as appropriate. Thus, features specified in one section can be combined with features specified in other sections, as appropriate. Any section headings are added for convenience only and are not intended to limit the disclosure in any way.

[0201] [Example] The following examples are merely illustrative of the cleansing compositions disclosed herein and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0202] In the following examples, branched isethionates disclosed herein were made and tested for various properties in comparison to linear isethionates.

[0203] A representative synthetic procedure for fatty acyl sodium isethionate: To a solution of fatty acid (1.0 molar equivalent) in trifluoroacetic acid (9 molar equivalents, solvent / catalyst) was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (1.5 molar equivalents, solvent), followed by sodium isethionate (1.0 molar equivalent), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature (approximately 22 °C) for 2.5 h. At this point, thin-layer chromatography [silica gel plates eluted with ethyl acetate:isopropanol:water (6:3:1)] showed the clean formation of a single product, with no starting material remaining. The solvent was then removed in vacuo at 40 °C to yield a white foam, which was diluted with cold deionized water (90 mL) and lyophilized to yield the product as a white solid (95-99% yield).

[0204] The specific fatty acids required to synthesize branched isethionates can be obtained either by chemical synthetic routes or by biosynthetic routes, such as fermentation using specific organisms.

[0205] [Example 1] Hydrolytic stability of isethionates - linear versus branched chain In this example, several branched isethionates branched with fatty acyl tails were prepared and tested for hydrolytic stability by measuring the pH of a 10% surfactant solution at 50°C while calibrating at the same temperature. pH drift was measured over time. Generally, over time, isethionates undergo hydrolysis, decomposing into fatty acids and isethionates, resulting in an overall lower pH value for the surfactant solution. A smaller change in pH over time indicated a more hydrolytically stable material.

[0206] The linear isethionates were C12 (Comparative Sample 1 (CS1)) and C14 (Comparative Sample 2 (CS2)) isethionates as shown below. [ka]

[0207] The tail-branched isethionates tested included 2-methyl lauroyl isethionate (Sample 1), 3-methyl lauroyl isethionate (Sample 2), and 2,2-dimethyl lauroyl isethionate (Sample 3), as shown below. [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0208] The hydrolytic stability results are shown in Table 1. [Table 1]

[0209] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, all three branched isethionates exhibited superior hydrolytic stability compared to both linear isethionates, as the pH differential change after 30 days was less than 0.30 for all three branched isethionates, whereas it was greater than 1.0 for the linear isethionates.

[0210] [Example 2] Krafft points of isethionates - linear versus branched chains The Krafft point is the temperature at which the solubility of a surfactant increases sharply. At this temperature, the solubility of the surfactant becomes equal to the critical micelle concentration (CMC).

[0211] Table 2 lists the materials tested for Krafft point and the measured Krafft point. Comparative Sample 3 (CS3) was a linear isethionate, while Samples 4-6 were all branched isethionates. The samples were 1 wt% aqueous solutions. [Table 2]

[0212] As can be seen from Table 2, the tailed branched isethionates have a lower Krafft point compared to the linear isethionates. The lower Krafft point can allow formulations made therefrom to be optically clear at lower temperatures (e.g., 4 to 25° C.). The lower Krafft point of the branched isethionates can also limit any undesirable crystallization at lower temperatures, thereby allowing for improved formulation stability when storage temperatures are lower, such as in winter.

[0213] [Example 3] Foaming in anionic-rich body washes - linear versus branched chains In this example, the surfactants from Example 1 were used to make an anionic-rich cleansing formulation having the base formula listed in Table 3. Lather was measured using a Kruss foam analyzer at 400 seconds (s) using cold tap water. The pH of the made cleansing composition was 6.9. The results of the foaming test are shown in Table 4. [Table 3]

[0214] [Table 4]

[0215] As can be seen from the data in Table 4, cleansing formulations using a tail-branched isethionate exhibit superior foaming compared to cleansing formulations using a linear isethionate. This is indicated by the higher foam height of Samples 1-3 compared to that of CS1 and CS2. The foam height of Samples 1-3 is nearly double that seen in CS2. Additionally, cleansing formulations using a tail-branched isethionate were observed to have creamier, more voluminous foam compared to cleansing compositions made using a linear isethionate.

[0216] [Example 4] Viscosity in anionic-rich body washes - linear versus branched chains In this example, the surfactants from Example 2 were used to make an anionic-rich isotropic cleansing composition having the base formula shown in Table 3. The pH was 7.0. The viscosity was measured at 100 micron gap and 4 s -1 The viscosity was measured using a Discovery HR-2 rheometer using a 40 mm sandblasted plate with a shear rate of 100 rpm. The viscosity was measured at 25°C. The results are listed in Table 5. [Table 5]

[0217] As can be seen from the data in Table 5, the branched isethionates disclosed herein, in which the branching is on a fatty acyl tail, are able to build higher viscosities in anionic-rich cleansing formulations without the need for added salts, compared to cleansing compositions formulated with linear isethionates. It was unexpected to find that branched isethionates could build such viscosities without the need for salts. As shown in Table 3, 0% potassium chloride was present in the compositions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anionic surfactant having the formula 【Chemistry 1】 wherein the compound comprises a compound or mixture of compounds having the formula R １ , R ２ , R' ２ , R ３ or a combination thereof, R １ contains hydrogen, methyl or hydroxy, and R ２ contains methyl, hydroxy or hydrogen, and R' ２ contains methyl, hydroxy or hydrogen, and R ３ comprises a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, including a straight chain hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof; and M ＋ is a monovalent cation, R ２ and R' ２ If both of R ３ is a linear hydrocarbon group, then R １ does not contain hydrogen, and R ３ is a branched hydrocarbon, R ２ , R ２ , and R １ All of these are anionic surfactants containing hydrogen.

2. 10. The anionic surfactant of claim 1, wherein the branching is saturated, the branching is unsaturated, or a combination thereof.

3. M ＋ 2. The anionic surfactant of claim 1, wherein comprises sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, cesium, rubidium, francium, alkylammonium, triethanolammonium, or a combination thereof.

4. 10. The anionic surfactant of claim 1, wherein the hydroxy group branch is further chemically derivatized to other functional groups.

5. 5. The anionic surfactant of claim 4, wherein the hydroxy group can be derivatized to an ether, polyoxyether, carboxylic acid, ester, ketone, acetal, hemiacetal, amine, amide, urethane, or combinations thereof.

6. 6. The anionic surfactant of claim 5, wherein the ether comprises methoxy, ethoxy, t-butoxy, or a combination thereof.

7. 2. The anionic surfactant of claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant is a branched isethionate.

8. 8. The anionic surfactant of claim 7, wherein the branched isethionate comprises 2-methyl lauroyl isethionate, 3-methyl lauroyl isethionate, or 2,2-dimethyl isethionate.

9. 9. The anionic surfactant of claim 8, wherein the branched isethionate comprises sodium 2-methyllauroyl isethionate, sodium 3-methyllauroyl isethionate, or sodium 2,2-dimethyllauroyl isethionate.

10. 10. A cleansing composition comprising a compound or mixture of compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cleansing composition is a liquid cleansing composition, preferably wherein the cleansing composition is a wash composition, a shampoo, or a conditioner.

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