Method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor, and armature and / or rotor and electric machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, comprising the method steps of inserting a slotted bar, in particular manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, machining, extrusion or die-casting, into an axially extending slot of a laminate stack so that the slotted bar has, on at least one of its end faces, a protrusion above or flush with the laminate stack, in particular at the height of at least one insertion, and of layerwise applying, in particular printing, at least one ring, preferably a short-circuit ring, to at least one of the end faces of the slotted bar, in particular by an additive printing process.

Description

Summary of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, and to a corresponding armature or rotor.

[0002] Methods for manufacturing armatures or rotors for electric machines are generally known.

[0003] Known methods for manufacturing armatures or rotors are believed to be in fundamental need of improvement. In particular, known methods, e.g., molding processes, are believed to be relatively complex, particularly due to the type, number, and / or range of pressure die-casting and / or injection molding tools required, and / or do not meet in a desirable manner the requirements imposed on the armatures, particularly with regard to installation space, thermal and / or electrical properties, and / or material quality.

[0004] Primary forming is a major group of manufacturing processes and, according to DIN 8580, encompasses all manufacturing processes in which a solid body with a geometrically defined shape is produced from an intangible material.

[0005] Generally, the aim in the context of armatures and / or rotors is to further optimize their parameters and increase their flexibility, especially with regard to installation space, thermal and / or electrical properties, since electric motors are widely used, especially if they can better meet the requirements imposed on them, such as energy efficiency, flexibility and / or a limited and / or reduced installation space required.

[0006] In particular, the rapid and / or flexible supply of armatures and / or rotors with improved properties is an increasingly sought-after or potentially sought-after objective in the manufacture of armatures and / or rotors.

[0007] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to reduce the variety, number, and / or range of pressure die casting and / or injection molding tools required to manufacture an armature and / or rotor.

[0008] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to adapt and / or improve the underlying primary forming process with respect to improving the material properties of the armature and / or rotor.

[0009] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to improve or optimize the cooling structure of the armature and / or rotor.

[0010] The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a method for manufacturing an armature and / or a rotor for an electric machine, in particular an electric motor or generator, in which the number of manufacturing steps is as low as possible and / or the manufacturing is as flexible as possible and / or a relatively high efficiency and / or good usability during operation of the armature and / or rotor or corresponding electric machine is achieved.

[0011] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to reduce heat and / or power losses in the armature and / or rotor and / or to reduce and / or minimize the installation space required for the armature.

[0012] At least one of these objects is solved by the invention as defined in claim 1.

[0013] In particular, at least one object is a method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, comprising the method steps of inserting a slotted bar, in particular manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, machining, extrusion or die-casting, into a lamination stack, in particular an axially extending slot, in such a way that the slotted bar has at least one projection on at least one of its end faces exceeding the lamination stack, in particular at the height of at least one insertion, or is flush with the lamination stack; - a method step of applying, in particular printing, at least one ring, preferably a short-circuiting ring, in a layer-by-layer manner to at least one of the end faces of the slot bar, in particular by a layer-by-layer printing process; The problem is solved by a method comprising:

[0014] The invention in particular allows for a faster, improved and / or more flexible provision of armatures and / or rotors. In particular, die-casting and / or injection molding tools are not required to manufacture armatures and / or rotors according to the invention. In particular, the material properties of the armatures and / or rotors are improved.

[0015] In particular, a first ring is applied to a first end face of the slot bar, and a second ring is applied to a second end face of the slot bar opposite the first end face.

[0016] Preferably, the slotted bar and / or at least one ring are free of holes and / or cavities. In particular, the slotted bar and / or at least one ring have a porosity or residual porosity of less than 0.1%. In particular, the slotted bar and / or at least one ring have a porosity or residual porosity in the range of 0.01% to 0.1%. Porosity or residual porosity refers in particular to the ratio of the volume of all cavities to the external volume of the slotted bar and / or at least one ring. This improves electrical conductivity in particular. In contrast, slotted bars and / or rings manufactured by die casting usually have cavities and / or holes, resulting in poor electrical conductivity.

[0017] Preferably, at least one, in particular at least partially circumferential air gap and / or air inclusion is arranged between the slot bar and the slot, in particular the lamination stack. Preferably, no full contact is established between the slot bar and the slot, in particular the lamination stack.

[0018] In particular, the air gap and / or air inclusion at least partially surrounds the inserted slot bar and extends into the lamination stack.

[0019] Preferably, at least one, in particular at least partially circumferential, air gap and / or air inclusion has an insulating effect and / or reduces electrical losses. In contrast, slotted bars produced by die casting generally do not have air gaps and / or air inclusions, which increase or may increase electrical losses.

[0020] Axial direction is understood to mean in particular a direction parallel to the axis of the armature or rotor, in particular one of the axes of rotation of the armature or rotor or a direction parallel to that axis of rotation.

[0021] By slots is meant in particular through-holes in the lamination stack, in particular through-holes at a slot angle relative to the axial direction, in particular arranged adjacent to one another in the circumferential direction in the lamination stack, preferably equidistant in the circumferential direction and / or equidistant from the axis of rotation of the armature or rotor.

[0022] In one embodiment, the lamination stack comprises laminated, electrically insulated sheets stacked and bonded together, preferably the sheets or sheet stacks are separated from each other by electrically insulating layers to reduce or prevent eddy current losses.

[0023] In one embodiment, the rotor or armature, particularly a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, forms a cage-shaped permanently shorted solid winding in the lamination stack, particularly by means of rings connected to the slot bars. Preferably, the rings create an electrical short between the slot bars.

[0024] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage type rotor, which method comprises, prior to the application by additive manufacturing, in particular printing, of at least one ring: - a method step of attaching at least one insert to an end face of the laminate stack, in particular as a joining aid and / or for thermal and / or electrical insulation; a method step of bonding at least one insert to the laminate stack, in particular by means of a heat-resistant adhesive, in particular forming at least one substantially flat surface between an end face of the slot bar and a surface of the at least one insert, the at least one substantially flat surface preferably being formed by machining and / or precision manufacturing of the laminate stack, the insert and the slot bar; The method further comprises:

[0025] In particular, at least one object is solved by an armature and / or rotor for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, manufactured according to the method according to the invention.

[0026] In particular, at least one object is to provide an armature and / or rotor for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, in particular manufactured according to the method according to the invention, comprising a lamination stack, a slot bar is inserted into the lamination stack, the slot bar having at least one of its end faces a projection that exceeds the lamination stack or is flush with the lamination stack, in particular at the height of at least one insert that is attached or can be attached to the end face of the lamination stack, at least one ring, preferably a short-circuiting ring, is applied laminatedly to at least one of the end faces of the slot bar, in particular by a laminate printing process; This is resolved by the armature and / or rotor.

[0027] In one embodiment, the rings are printed directly onto the laminate stack and / or slot bar.

[0028] In one embodiment, the slot bar is manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, machining, extrusion, and / or die casting.

[0029] In one embodiment, the rings are printed flush on the backside of the laminate stack and / or slot bar, or are printed in an arc and / or bridge shape between the end faces of the slot bar.

[0030] In one embodiment, the ring comprises blades for circulating the coolant, which extend from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the ring, in particular extending in an arcuate and / or curved manner from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the ring.

[0031] In one embodiment, the blade has an axial and / or radial curvature.

[0032] In one embodiment, the first cooling channel extends through the laminate stack.

[0033] In one embodiment, the second cooling channel extends through the slot bar.

[0034] In one embodiment, the blades are printed into the slot bar such that the cooling channels run axially through the blades, on and / or through the blades. In one embodiment, the ring comprises at least one sensor for determining the position, in particular the angle of rotation, of the armature and / or rotor.

[0035] The method according to the invention allows, in particular, to reduce heat and / or power losses in the armature and / or to reduce and / or minimize the installation space of the armature and / or rotor, and is furthermore capable of being manufactured quickly, flexibly and efficiently.

[0036] By additive manufacturing application or additive manufacturing is understood in particular a production by 3D printing, in particular 3D copper printing, and / or by an additive printing process and / or a one-off forming process, whereby the elements and / or connections of the armature, in particular the ring(s) and / or slot bar, are produced directly into their final shape, in particular by layer-by-layer application and preferably selective solidification of a layer material, preferably by beam irradiation, for example a laser beam, preferably integrally.

[0037] Application by additive manufacturing is therefore preferably understood to mean the layer-by-layer application of a part to an existing pre-fabricated part, without the use of weld joints, in particular weld joints between two or more pre-fabricated parts, and / or generally without the use of one or more forming tools. Layer-by-layer application in particular means the creation or manufacturing of a part by layer-by-layer application to another existing part.

[0038] The application by additive manufacturing is preferably based on data sets defining the respective geometries. These data sets are preferably generated during design and / or by a CAD or CAE program. These data sets then control a 3D printing system that applies additive material additively, in particular layer by layer, and preferably selectively solidifies it, thereby preferably producing the slot, at least one ring, and / or at least a portion of the slot in the laminate stack.

[0039] The application by additive manufacturing may (or may not) comprise a material application process, in particular layer welding, preferably wire and / or copper layer welding and / or arc layer welding, and / or a spray application process, in particular a cold spray application process, whereby sometimes somewhat complex geometries can be produced in a simple manner. In one embodiment, the armature and / or rotor are produced in a two-stage process.

[0040] In one embodiment, the armature and / or rotor are manufactured in a three-stage process.

[0041] In particular, at least one object is to provide a method for manufacturing an armature and / or a rotor for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, comprising: - a method step of inserting a slotted bar, in particular manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, machining, extrusion or die casting, into an axially extending slot of the laminate stack, in such a way that the slotted bar has a projection above the laminate stack on both end faces, in particular at the height of the two insertions, or is flush with the laminate stack; - a method step of applying, in particular printing, a first ring, preferably a short-circuiting ring, laminatedly onto the first end face of the slotted bar, in particular by a laminate printing process; a method step of applying, in particular printing, a second ring, preferably a short-circuiting ring, in a layer-by-layer manner on a second end face of the slot bar opposite the first end face, in particular by a layer-by-layer printing process; The problem is solved by a method comprising:

[0042] In particular, at least one object is to provide a method for manufacturing an armature and / or a rotor for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, comprising: - a method step of inserting a slotted bar, in particular manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, machining, extrusion or die casting, into an axially extending slot of the laminate stack, in such a way that the slotted bar has a protrusion above the laminate stack at a first end face and at a second end face opposite the first end face, in particular at the height of each insertion; - a method step of attaching one insert to each of the end faces of the laminate stack, in particular as a joining aid and / or for thermal and / or electrical insulation; a method step of bonding the insert to the laminate stack, in particular by means of a heat resistant adhesive, in particular forming two substantially flat surfaces between the end faces of the slot bar and the respective surfaces of the insert, the two substantially flat surfaces preferably being formed by machining and / or precision manufacturing of the laminate stack, the insert and the slot bar; - a method step of applying, in particular printing, a first ring, preferably a first short-circuiting ring, laminatedly onto the first end face of the slotted bar, in particular by a laminate printing process; a method step of applying, in particular printing, a second ring, preferably a second short-circuiting ring, in a layer-by-layer manner on a second end face of the slot bar opposite the first end face, in particular by a layer-by-layer printing process; The problem is solved by a method comprising:

[0043] In particular, at least one object is to provide a method for manufacturing an armature and / or a rotor for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, comprising: - a method step of inserting a slotted bar, in particular manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, machining, extrusion or die casting, into a slot in the laminate stack, in particular extending in the axial direction, so that the slotted bar has, at one of its end faces, a projection above the laminate stack, in particular at the level of the insertion, or is flush with the laminate stack, the slotted bar being in particular U-shaped; a method step of applying, in particular printing, a ring, preferably a short-circuit ring, in a layer-by-layer manner to one of the end faces of the slot bar, in particular by a layer-by-layer printing process; The problem is solved by a method comprising:

[0044] In particular, in a first step, the active area of ​​the armature is formed by the lamination stack and its slot bars. Therefore, in a first step, an armature lamination stack having slot bars is preferably manufactured, for which the slot bars are inserted into the slots or are laminatedly manufactured simultaneously with the lamination stack. In particular, the slot bars can be laminated at least partially within the slots.

[0045] In a second step, the slot bars can then be short-circuited, in particular to one another, by the application by additive manufacturing of in particular a first ring, in particular a short-circuit ring, to the slot bars.

[0046] In one embodiment, the first and second stages of manufacturing the armature and / or rotor, in particular the first, second and third stages, are all performed by or comprise an additive manufacturing process.

[0047] In one embodiment, the first and second stages of manufacturing the armature and / or rotor, in particular the first, second and third stages, all comprise an additive manufacturing process, and in the first stage the slot bar is in particular additively manufactured and then axially inserted into the lamination stack. Alternatively, the lamination stack and the slot bar may be manufactured integrally in an additive manufacturing process.

[0048] One concept of the present invention is to improve the overall properties of the armature by, on the one hand, manufacturingly separating the production of one or more rings, in particular the short-circuiting rings, from the production of the corresponding slot bars, and, on the other hand, manufacturing the rings by applying additive manufacturing (or additive manufacturing processes, such as laser sintering or laser melting).

[0049] In particular, one aspect of the present invention is to manufacture at least one ring, or both rings, in a separate process, at least substantially without die casting, injection molding, or molding, particularly by direct application to the slotted bar. This avoids or reduces undesirable changes in wall thickness, spring back, yield strain, and / or material flow in the rings, which may occur or be caused by die casting, injection molding, or molding. In particular, bending of the armature, particularly in the upper region, is unnecessary. In particular, twisting, buckling, and / or torsion of the armature, particularly in the upper and / or lower regions and / or at the connection with the ring, is unnecessary.

[0050] The elimination of the need for bending and / or twisting of the armature, particularly in the upper region, can also reduce manufacturing costs and time, while at the same time reducing or avoiding the disadvantages and reduced conductivity associated with bending and / or twisting in terms of tolerances during the element connection process.

[0051] Additionally, additive manufacturing applications allow the radius of the connecting elements in the ring to be minimized or set to zero or nearly zero, and / or the cross-sectional distance and / or layer step to be adjusted in a targeted and precise manner, further reducing tolerances during manufacturing, especially with regard to the path and cross-section of the connecting elements.

[0052] Another concept of the present invention is to eliminate welds and / or sectioning of the lamination stack, which in particular improves the electrical and magnetic properties of the lamination stack, and therefore the overall electric machine. For example, by eliminating welds in the ring region, especially for connecting the slot bars, electrical conductivity in the ring region can be further improved.

[0053] In this case, advantages that can be achieved in conventional manufacturing without additive manufacturing applications, but only by sectioning the lamination stack, i.e. by manufacturing the lamination stack as parts and then joining them, are preferably preserved. In particular, for example, the cross-section of the armature grooves in the lamination stack can vary in the radial and / or axial direction of the armature and therefore can at least partially have a smaller cross-section than the slot bars that pass through them. Also, transition points, such as connections, that require a larger cross-section than other conductor parts can be realized in the lamination stack, in particular in the slots.

[0054] Additive manufacturing makes it possible, in particular, to produce a further part, in particular a ring, in the same working step and simultaneously connect it to an existing part, in particular a slotted bar.

[0055] In particular, additive manufacturing also makes it possible to create electrical connections between the slot bars and the ring as well as within the ring, so that short-circuit connections between the slot bars are created, in particular by additive manufacturing applications.

[0056] In particular, material variations and contact issues due to die casting, injection molding, or welding can be reduced or avoided by additive manufacturing applications, while at the same time maintaining the flexibility to vary the slot bars, especially with regard to their path and / or cross-section, and to couple them with the ring in a variable manner.

[0057] In particular, "injection molding" is understood to mean a one-step forming process used in plastics and metal processing. In this process, the respective material is liquefied using an injection molding machine and injected under pressure into a mold, which is an injection mold. In metal powder injection molding, fine metal or ceramic powder is mixed with an organic binder and then formed in an injection molding machine. The binder is then removed again and the component is sintered at high temperatures in a furnace. This requires high temperatures of up to 1600°C.

[0058] In particular, "die casting" is understood to mean a casting process for serial or mass production. For this purpose, casting alloys with low melting points are generally used. In die casting, the molten liquid is forced into a die-casting die under high pressures of approximately 10-200 MPa and at high die-filling speeds of up to 12 m / s, after which it solidifies. Therefore, temperatures of approximately 700 °C are required for aluminum die casting.

[0059] In particular, in extrusion molding, a powder compact, preferably a block or slab, heated to molding temperature is forced through an opening in a die by a punch.

[0060] Thus, injection molding, as well as die casting and extrusion, require molds or tools that are expensive to manufacture in terms of time, materials, and money, and require the material to be heated to high temperatures, which can cause changes in the material.

[0061] Furthermore, in both injection molding and die casting, the entire part is produced at once, making the joining of different parts relatively complex and difficult to achieve.

[0062] In particular, "welding" is understood to mean the permanent joining of respective existing parts, e.g. electrical conductors, by means of heat and / or pressure. In contrast, application by additive manufacturing is understood to mean the layer-by-layer application of a laminate material that is selectively solidified, in particular by beam irradiation, e.g. a laser beam.

[0063] Preferably, "welding" involves joining two existing parts, but in additive manufacturing applications, in particular, a second part is applied layer by layer to an existing first part, and is preferably newly created thereon, in particular based on controlled solidification by a data set. In this respect, "welding" in this sense should not be understood as an additive manufacturing process. Additive welding can be understood as an additive manufacturing process. Alternatively, additive welding may be excluded.

[0064] The applications of the present invention are particularly in the fields of prototyping and / or serial manufacturing.

[0065] In particular, a combination of conventional manufacturing (eg manufacturing from slotted bars, which may or may not be formed) and additive manufacturing (eg by laser sintering or laser melting) is used.

[0066] In one embodiment, at least one or more or all of the slot bars are not partially or entirely manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, but are preferably manufactured by forming and / or drawing from wire, particularly copper wire.

[0067] The (respective) slot bars may be inserted such that the slot bars are pre-bonded outside the slot and / or not initially laminated within the slot.

[0068] Conventionally inserted armature blanks may be preferably interconnected by printing a ring (or both rings) on them. In particular, slot bars may be fitted into the armature lamination stack, cast and provided with conductors insulated (in particular by primary insulation).

[0069] The advantages of additive adaptation therefore lie in particular in the rapid availability and the possibility of combining different manufacturing processes, as well as in the low heating of the material in additive manufacturing applications, which is preferably below 300°C, preferably below 250°C.

[0070] In particular, the slot bar may be I-shaped or U-shaped.

[0071] One and the same armature blank can be given different behavior (eg in terms of torque and / or speed and / or cooling structure, etc.) by, for example, different designs of the rings.

[0072] For example, a first armature may be provided with a first cooling structure and a second armature may be provided with a second cooling structure that is different from the first armature without the need to adapt tools, particularly injection molding tools.

[0073] This allows for the development of a modular system that allows the manufacture of several different electric motors based on the armature blank (by combining the same armature blank with different printing rings). The different interconnections are preferably generated exclusively digitally on the design, by variations in data sets, particularly for additive manufacturing applications, and / or without the use of physical tools. The data sets are preferably generated using CAD or CAE programs.

[0074] Additionally, the slot bars can be specifically matched, combined, and / or varied as appropriate, for example, to optimize the armature for specific frequency behavior.

[0075] In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​each slot bar may be maximized for low frequencies. For example, the slots may be divided into axially adjacent sections, with the or each slot bar at least substantially completely filling its respective section. Preferably, in this embodiment, the armature is provided such that the operating frequency of the current through the slot bars is up to 10 kHz.

[0076] In one embodiment, for high frequencies, the or each slot bar may be divided into at least two or at least three partial sections electrically insulated from one another, in order to reduce eddy current losses, in particular by reducing current polarization inside the conductor caused, for example, by the skin effect. In this embodiment, the rotor is preferably designed so that the operating frequency of the current flowing through the slot bars is at least 100 kHz.

[0077] Overall, a process is achieved that is relatively simple yet exploits (at least in part) the specific advantages of additive manufacturing steps. In particular, the present invention enables or may enable the following improvements in the manufacture of armatures and / or rotors:

[0078] Minimized installation space: In particular, the additive application of at least one or both rings allows for precise and / or dense application of the laminate material to the slot bar. The connecting elements within the rings and the blade structure can be precisely or more precisely defined with low tolerances and / or distances in terms of their paths and paths relative to other connecting elements and blades.

[0079] Loss reduction: In particular, electrical and / or thermal losses in the armature and / or rotor can be advantageously reduced because no welding points, casting processes, lamination stack sectioning, bending or twisting processes are required to connect the rings. Also, the cross-sectional area can be specifically and precisely adjusted or increased where needed to reduce current density or adjust coolant circulation. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area can be adjusted to frequencies prominent in the armature.

[0080] Flexible use of slot bars: Different slot bars can be combined in the armature and / or rotor to specifically adapt the electrical and thermal properties to existing parameters, such as operating frequency and cooling channel requirements. In addition, different slot bars can be flexibly substituted for each other without the need to change injection molding tools.

[0081] The first slot bar and the second slot bar may in particular be connected to an endless loop and / or an endless winding via a ring.

[0082] In particular, the armature may comprise a first additively manufactured application ring printed on a first end face of the slotted bar, with a second additively manufactured application ring at the opposing end face, preferably printed on a second end face of the slotted bar.

[0083] The slot carrier, armature blank or lamination stack preferably comprises several slots extending preferably circumferentially, in particular axially, of the slot carrier or lamination stack, and the slots may be arranged at different radial positions within the armature slot.

[0084] In particular, the slots extend at a slot angle relative to the axial direction, the slot angle preferably being between 2° and 8°.

[0085] In particular, a direct and layer-by-layer application of the ring to the axial end or end face of the slotted bar is carried out, in which case the contact resistance between the axial end of the slotted bar and the ring can be reduced or minimized, since no welding points, casting processes, bending or twisting are required, and at the same time both the connection cross section and the connection angle can be flexibly determined.

[0086] In this way, bends of different diameters can alternatively be created between the slot bars.

[0087] Additionally, the routing of the connecting elements within the ring can be set flexibly and with low tolerances.

[0088] In particular, it allows the entire ring to be applied in a single operation, in particular layer by layer, thereby avoiding the limitations imposed by the sequential application or formation of ring components.

[0089] The required installation space may be reduced or enlarged both axially and radially. Thus, with the ring or armature according to the invention, both the overall height and the radial thickness profile can be reduced and / or adapted to specific requirements, in particular by low tolerances and distances between the connection elements and / or by adaptation of the cross-section.

[0090] The present invention also makes it possible to increase the ratio of the effective area of ​​the armature and / or rotor to the overall height or length. The effective area is understood to be the space within the slot carrier or lamination stack. The total length of the armature is the balance or sum of the length or height of the slot bars and the effective length. The effective length is understood to be the length of the effective area, especially in the axial direction.

[0091] The associated electric motor or generator may in particular be an internal rotor, which may be designed as a passive armature, or alternatively, the associated electric motor or generator may be an external rotor.

[0092] The slot bar may be manufactured by machining, die casting, extrusion, molding processes, cutting processes, bending from stock material, or directly by additive manufacturing processes and / or additive manufacturing.

[0093] The slot bar preferably has two sides that are substantially straight and parallel to one another and that, when installed, extend through the active area of ​​the armature.

[0094] The slot bar is preferably rectangular, or at least substantially rectangular. Preferably, the slots have a length, in particular in the axial direction, which is at least twice their width, in particular in the radial direction.

[0095] Preferably, the slot bar has a width, especially in the radial direction, which is at least twice its height, especially in the tangential direction.

[0096] Manufacturing using additive manufacturing processes allows each cross section to be specifically tailored to specific requirements. For example, the cross section within the active area can be designed to substantially completely fill each slot or intended portion of a slot. In addition, the connection area between two slot bars can be designed with a different cross section, for example, a flat cross section.

[0097] In one embodiment, the slot bar is inserted into a slot carrier, armature blank, or lamination stack so that the end faces terminate generally flush with the slot carrier, armature blank, or lamination stack so that the rings can later be applied lamination-wise.

[0098] The invention also allows the cross-section of the armature and / or rotor to be adapted very quickly to changed requirements: in particular, using the same raw material, a first armature with first electrical properties and / or cross-section can be manufactured, and shortly thereafter a second armature and / or rotor with second electrical properties and / or cross-section can be manufactured.

[0099] As raw materials, aluminum materials or aluminum powder, copper materials or copper powders, in particular pure copper, pure aluminum, aluminum alloys or copper alloys, are used. The copper materials or copper powders used preferably have a purity of more than 99.5%.

[0100] High purity copper and / or high purity aluminum preferably provide good electrical and thermal conductivity, preferably a tensile strength of at least 170 MPa, and / or a yield strength of at least 120 MPa, and / or an elongation at break of greater than 20%.

[0101] In particular, in the case of a double-sided application of the ring by an additive manufacturing process, at least one of the slot bars may be designed U-shaped (or U-pin-like). A U-shaped slot bar is understood to be a slot bar having two parallel legs and / or with the open ends located at least substantially on the same side.

[0102] In particular, the slot bars may comprise at least one conductor type, in particular different conductor types.

[0103] The first slot bar may be formed of a first conductor type and the second slot bar may be formed of a second conductor type different from the first conductor type.

[0104] The first slot bar and the second slot bar may be introduced radially and / or axially adjacent to each other relative to a central axis of the stator.

[0105] The slot bar may be formed of a first section of a first conductor type and a second section of a second conductor type, different from the first conductor type, axially / longitudinal adjacent to the first section.

[0106] The first conductor type may have a first conductivity and the second conductor type may have a second conductivity, whereby an appropriate change in conductivity reduces ohmic losses during operation of the electric machine.

[0107] The first conductor type may have a first cross-section / cross-sectional profile and the second conductor type may have a second cross-section / cross-sectional profile, whereby thermal and / or electrical losses during operation of the electric machine may be reduced, particularly in high current sections.

[0108] The first conductor type may have a first number of parallel strands / conductors and the second conductor type may have a second number of parallel strands / conductors, thereby preferably reducing losses during operation of the electric machine at high frequencies in the required section.

[0109] The connecting element may at least in part have a third conductivity, cross section / cross-sectional profile, and / or number of parallel strands / conductors, which advantageously reduces losses during operation of the electric machine.

[0110] Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the slot bars and / or conductor types may be manufactured at least in part by an additive manufacturing process, and in cross section, at least one second region has a lower electrical conductivity than at least one first region.

[0111] The second region may comprise at least one gap, intermediate space or cavity extending transversely across the cross section and / or longitudinally through the slot bar, in particular along a straight line and / or a plane, such that the slot bar is divided into at least two partial slot bars.

[0112] The (respective) second region may at least partly form a cavity or intermediate space (which is preferably filled, for example gas-filled and / or filled with a liquid and / or solid material).

[0113] The (respective) second region(s) may be introduced during additive manufacturing by multi-material processing, e.g., such that the (respective) first region(s) are provided by providing a first material and the (respective) second region(s) are provided by providing a different material, e.g., having a lower electrical conductivity.

[0114] Preferably, at least one second region (and, if applicable, several or all second regions) is electrically insulating, further preferably at least partially formed by an electrically insulating material and / or at least partially formed by a cavity (e.g. filled with gas or air). The cavity may result from removing the layer material while still in powder form. For this reason and / or for other reasons, openings may be provided, as end areas may possibly be completely closed (in particular sintered).

[0115] The (each) second region may be the result of unexposed or different exposures. The second regions may extend from one layer plane to the next so that at least a percentage of their surface area overlaps, thereby forming a continuous cavity (gap). At least one second region (and, if applicable, multiple or all second regions) may extend across at least 0.5 cm of the length of the conductor (or winding), and optionally across at least 1.0 cm or at least 2.0 cm.

[0116] The partial slot bars may be electrically connected to each other only by one or more rings.

[0117] The conductivities of the first and at least one second region being compared should preferably be determined at a temperature of 20° C. The conductivity of at least one second region (or multiple or all second regions, if applicable) is 0.5 times or less, more preferably 0.1 times or less, and even more preferably 0.001 times or less, or 0.001 times or less, of the conductivity of at least one (or multiple or all) first region, if applicable. The conductivity of at least (or multiple or all) first regions is preferably at least 0.1×10 6 S / m, more preferably at least 1.0×10 6 S / m, more preferably at least 20×10 6 S / m, and / or 200 x 10 6 S / m or 100 x 10 6 The conductivity of at least one second region (and, if applicable, multiple or all second regions) is 1×10 S / m or less. 6 S / m or less, 0.1×10 if applicable 6 S / m or less, alternatively 1.0×10 3 S / m or less, or alternatively 1.0 S / m or less, or alternatively 1.0 x 10 -3 S / m or less, or alternatively 1.0×10 -6 S / m or less, or alternatively 1.0×10 -9 S / m or less and / or at least 1.0 × 10 ―20 S / m, alternatively 1.0 × 10 ―15 It may be S / m.

[0118] In one embodiment, at least two partial slot bars are stacked on top of each other in the slot, and the partial slot bars preferably exchange positions in the stack, particularly above and below, at least once along the length of the partial slot.

[0119] In one embodiment, this position exchange is achieved without twisting or rotation due to the auxiliary step jump of the partial slot bar produced by material molding or additive manufacturing. To achieve a compact structure, the cross-sectional shape of the partial slot bar suitably varies within the step jump area.

[0120] The conductor type may in particular be solid copper or a hollow conductor. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the slotted bars may be made of solid copper and / or at least partially as a hollow conductor, this slotted bar being made in particular of a single copper core extending along its length, and in particular having a (round) circular and / or flat and / or rectangular cross section and / or as a flat wire and / or having an outer diameter of at least 1.0 mm and / or an inner diameter of at least 0.5 mm.

[0121] In an embodiment, only one ring may be realized by additive manufacturing application, or both rings may be manufactured at least partially by additive manufacturing application, in particular by layer-by-layer application of a layer material and additive solidification of the layer material by irradiation of at least one beam acting on the layer material.

[0122] In embodiments, only one slot bar may be realized by additive manufacturing application (manufacturing) (especially in the case of U-shaped slot bars), or all slot bars may be at least partially manufactured by additive manufacturing application, in particular by layer-by-layer application of a layer material and layer-by-layer solidification of the layer material by irradiation of at least one beam acting on the layer material.

[0123] In one embodiment, the ring has an axial projection relative to the armature blank or lamination stack of at least 5 mm, preferably at least 10 mm, more preferably at least 20 mm.

[0124] In general, the slot bars may be manufactured by a formed blank that can be drawn and / or stretched, and / or by an additive manufacturing process. Combinations are also conceivable, where some slot bars are manufactured by forming a blank and some by an additive manufacturing process. It is also conceivable that at least one slot bar is manufactured by (traditional) forming and at least one slot bar is manufactured by an additive manufacturing process.

[0125] In one embodiment, the slot bar has a varying cross-section. For example, the cross-section may (at least partially) increase and / or (at least partially) decrease and / or (at least partially) change shape. Particularly preferably, the cross-sectional area remains constant and the shape of the cross-section changes. Alternatively, the cross-sectional shape remains constant and the cross-sectional area changes. As a further alternative, both the cross-sectional area and the cross-sectional shape may change. In particular, this allows for space between the individual conductor sections, which, for example, reduces the need for forming operations. Thus, the dimensions of the conductor (or the entire winding) may be advantageously adjusted.

[0126] In one embodiment, several substantially identical armature blanks may be manufactured and provided with different rings, allowing different armature configurations or armature types to be manufactured in a relatively simple manner and optimized for specific applications.

[0127] The ends of the slot bar can be made flat (or flush) and / or cleaned prior to additive manufacturing, in particular by milling, so that the subsequent application of one or more rings by additive manufacturing is possible in a particularly simple manner.

[0128] The position and / or extension or shape of the ends of the slot bar can possibly be determined before application by additive manufacturing, for example by means of an optical measuring device, which allows for a precise additive manufacturing process in a simple manner.

[0129] The above mentioned object is further achieved by an electrical machine, in particular a rotating machine, in particular an electric motor or generator, comprising an armature or rotor according to the invention.

[0130] In one embodiment, the electric machine is an asynchronous machine, in particular an asynchronous electric motor or an asynchronous generator.

[0131] In one embodiment, the armature or rotor forms the rotating part, in particular the entire rotating part, of the electric machine.

[0132] Further embodiments result from the dependent claims.

[0133] The invention will now be explained with reference to exemplary embodiments which will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0134] [Figure 1] 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an armature and / or rotor in an exploded view. [Figure 2] 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an armature and / or rotor. [Figure 3] A top view of the armature and / or rotor is shown. [Figure 4] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the armature and / or rotor. [Figure 5] 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the armature and / or rotor. [Figure 6] A side view of the armature and / or rotor is shown. [Figure 7] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the armature and / or rotor. [Figure 8] 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the armature and / or rotor. [Figure 9] 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an armature and / or rotor. [Figure 10] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the armature and / or rotor. [Figure 11] 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the armature and / or rotor. [Figure 12] A side view of the armature and / or rotor is shown. [Figure 13] 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an armature and / or rotor in an exploded view. [Figure 14] 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an armature and / or rotor.

[0135] In the following description, the same reference numbers are used for identical and similarly functioning parts.

[0136] 1 to 14 show an armature and / or rotor 1, 2, 3 for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage rotor, comprising a lamination stack 50, 51, in particular manufactured according to the method according to the invention.

[0137] The slot bars 30,31 are inserted into the lamination stacks 50,51 so that at least one of their end faces 9,10 has a projection beyond the lamination stacks 50,51.

[0138] The slot bars 30, 31 can be inserted into the lamination stacks 50, 51 in particular so that the slot bars 30, 31 have a projection U beyond the lamination stacks 50, 51 at the level of the inserts 4 attached to the end faces 9 of the lamination stacks.

[0139] The insert 4 is bonded to the laminate stack 50, 51, in particular by means of a heat resistant adhesive.

[0140] In particular, a substantially flat surface is formed between each of the end faces 9, 10 of the slot bars 30, 31 and the surface of the insert 4.

[0141] The substantially flat surfaces are preferably formed by machining and / or precision manufacturing of the lamination stacks 50,51, insert 4 and slot bars 30,31.

[0142] The rings 20 and 21, 22 and 23, or 24 and 25, preferably shorting rings, are printed onto the end faces of the slotted bars 30, 31, in particular by a lamination printing process.

[0143] Alternatively, the slot bars 30, 31 may be flush with the lamination stacks 50, 51. In this case, no inserts are used.

[0144] The rings 20-25 are printed directly onto the laminate stacks 50, 51 and / or slot bars 30, 31.

[0145] The rings 20-25 are printed flush on the backside of the laminate stacks 50,51 and / or slot bars 30,31 or printed in arc and / or bridge shapes 26 between the end faces 9,10 of the slot bars 30,31.

[0146] 1-14, the first rings 20, 22, 24 are applied to the first end faces 9 of the slotted bars 30, 31, and the second rings 21, 23, 25 are applied to the second end faces 10 opposite the first end faces of the slotted bars 30, 31.

[0147] The rings 22, 23, 24, 25 according to Figures 4 to 14 are provided with blades 40, 41, 42 for circulating coolant, which extend from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the rings 22, 23, 24, 25, in particular in an arcuate / curved manner from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the rings.

[0148] Each of the blades 40, 41, 42 has a curvature in the axial direction A and in the radial direction.

[0149] The axial direction A is understood to mean in particular a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the armature and / or rotor 1, 2, 3.

[0150] As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the first cooling channel 6 extends through the lamination stack 50, 51. The cooling channel 6 preferably has a constant cross section and extends axially through the lamination stack 50, 51.

[0151] In particular, the first cooling channels 6 extend at a slot angle α relative to the axial direction A. The groove angle is preferably between 2° and 8°.

[0152] In particular, the first cooling channels 6 are arranged adjacent to one another in the circumferential direction, preferably equidistant from one another.

[0153] The second cooling channels 7 extend in particular linearly through the slot bars 31. The cooling channels 7 extend longitudinally through the slot bars 31 in each case from a first end face to a second end face opposite the first end face.

[0154] The cooling channels 7 also extend radially from the inner region to the outer region of the slotted bar 31 in each case.

[0155] In particular, the second cooling channels 7 extend at a slot angle α relative to the axial direction, preferably between 2° and 8°.

[0156] In particular, the second cooling channels 7 are arranged radially outside the first cooling channels 6 .

[0157] In cross section, the slot bar 31 comprises a circumferential web region surrounding the cooling channels. Preferably, the web region has at least a substantially constant thickness on at least two, more preferably at least three, sides.

[0158] The blades 40-42 are printed on the slot bar 31 such that the cooling channels 6, 7 run in the axial direction A through and / or between the blades 40, 41, 42.

[0159] The cross-sections of the cooling channels in the blades 40-42 are at least substantially identical to the cross-sections of the cooling channels 6, 7 in the slotted bar 31 in the laminated application, especially in the printed areas.

[0160] The cooling channels in the region of the blades 40-42 have an at least partially constant cross section and / or an at least partially constant radius.

[0161] Preferably, the second cooling channel 7 runs straight through the slot bar 31 and continues in a curve in the region of the rings 22,24 and the rings 23,25.

[0162] Preferably, the blades 41, 42 are curved in the direction of a first side, in particular in the direction of rotation, in the region of the first rings 22, 24, and in the direction of a second side opposite the first side, in particular in the direction opposite the direction of rotation, in the region of the second rings 23, 25.

[0163] Preferably, the coolant flows through the first cooling channels 6 in a first direction and through the second cooling channels 7 in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0164] Preferably, the blades 40 of the first cooling channel 6 are arranged to transport the coolant in a first direction, and the blades 41, 42 of the second cooling channel 7 are arranged to transport the coolant in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0165] In one embodiment, the rings 20-25 may comprise at least one sensor, in particular for determining the position, in particular the angle of rotation, of the armature and / or rotors 1, 2, 3.

[0166] According to the invention there is also provided a method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor 1, 2, 3 for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage-type rotor, said method comprising the steps of: a method step of inserting a slotted bar 30, 31, in particular manufactured by layer-by-layer methods, machining or die-casting, into a slot 60, 61 of a lamination stack 50, 51, in particular extending in the axial direction A, so that the slotted bar 30, 31 has, at least on one of its end faces 9, 10, a projection U exceeding the lamination stack 50, 51 or is flush with the lamination stack 50, 51, in particular at the height of at least one insertion portion 4; a method step of applying, in particular printing, at least one ring 20-25, preferably a short-circuiting ring, to at least one of the end faces of the slotted bar 30, 31 in a laminated manner, in particular by a laminate printing process; Equipped with.

[0167] The method according to the invention is in particular a method step of inserting a slotted bar 30, 31, in particular manufactured by layer-by-layer methods, machining or die-casting, into a slot 60, 61 of a lamination stack 50, 51, in particular extending in the axial direction A, so that the slotted bar 30, 31 has, at least on one of its end faces 9, 10, a projection U exceeding the lamination stack 50, 51 or is flush with the lamination stack 50, 51, in particular at the height of at least one insertion portion 4; - a method step of attaching at least one insert 4 to an end face of the laminate stack 50, 51, in particular as a joining aid and / or for thermal and / or electrical insulation; - a method step of bonding at least one insert 4 to the laminate stack 50, 51, in particular by means of a heat-resistant adhesive, in particular forming at least one substantially flat surface between the end face of the slot bar 30 and a surface of the at least one insert 4, the at least one substantially flat surface being preferably formed by machining and / or precision manufacturing of the laminate stack 50, 51, the insert 4 and the slot bar 30, 31; a method step of applying, in particular printing, at least one ring 20-25, preferably a short-circuiting ring, to at least one of the end faces of the slotted bar 30, 31 in a laminated manner, in particular by a laminate printing process; Equipped with.

[0168] In one embodiment, the armature and / or rotor 1, 2, 3 comprises a process step in which slotted bars 30, 31, in particular manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, machining or die casting, are inserted into slots 60, 61 of the lamination stack 50, 51, in particular extending in the axial direction A, so that the slotted bars 30, 31 have a projection U exceeding the lamination stack 50, 51 on both end faces 9, 10, in particular at the height of the two insertion portions 4, or are flush with the lamination stack 50, 51; - a process step of applying, in particular printing, a first ring 20, 22, 24, preferably a shorting ring, laminately onto the first end face 9 of the slotted bar 30, 31, in particular by a laminate printing process; a process step of applying, in particular printing, second rings 21, 23, 25, preferably short-circuiting rings, to the second end faces 10 opposite the first end faces 9 of the slot bars 30, 31, in particular by a lamination printing process; It is manufactured in a three-stage process.

[0169] Preferably, the slotted bars 30, 31 and / or at least one ring 20-25 are free of holes and / or cavities. In particular, the slotted bars 30, 31 and / or at least one ring 20-25 have a porosity or residual porosity of less than 0.1%.

[0170] In particular, the slotted bars 30, 31 and / or at least one of the rings 20-25 have a porosity or residual porosity in the range of 0.01% to 0.1%.

[0171] All the above-mentioned components, considered individually and in any combination, and in particular the details shown in the drawings, are claimed as essential to the invention, variations of which are known to those skilled in the art.

[0172] Furthermore, it should be noted that the broadest possible scope of protection is sought. In this regard, the invention defined in the claims may be characterized by the described features by further features, even if these further features are not necessarily included. It is expressly pointed out that parentheses and the term "in particular" are intended to emphasize the optionality of a feature in the respective context (and conversely, in the absence of such indication, it is not intended that a feature be considered as essential in the corresponding context). [Explanation of symbols]

[0173] 1, 2, 3 Armature and / or Rotor 4 Insertion section 6, 7 Cooling Channels 9, 10 End face 20-25 rings 26 Bridge 30, 31 Slot Bar 40~42 blade 50, 51 Laminated stack 60, 61 slots A axis direction U protrusion α Slot angle

Claims

1. 1. A method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage rotor, comprising: a method step of inserting a slotted bar (30, 31), in particular manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, machining, extrusion or die casting, into a slot (60, 61) of a laminate stack (50, 51), in particular extending in the axial direction (A), so that said slotted bar (30, 31) has, on at least one of its end faces (9, 10), a projection (U) exceeding said laminate stack (50, 51) or being flush with said laminate stack (50, 51), in particular at the height of at least one insertion (4); - a method step of applying, in particular printing, in a laminated manner at least one ring (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25), preferably a short-circuiting ring, to at least one of said end faces of said slotted bar (30, 31), in particular by a laminate printing process; A method for providing the above.

2. a method step of inserting a slotted bar (30, 31), in particular manufactured by an additive manufacturing process, machining or die casting, into a slot (60, 61) of a lamination stack (50, 51), in particular extending in the axial direction (A), so that said slotted bar (30, 31) has, on at least one of its end faces (9, 10), a projection (U) exceeding said lamination stack (50, 51), in particular at the height of at least one insertion (4), or is flush with said lamination stack (50, 51); - a method step of attaching at least one insert (4) to an end face of said laminate stack (50, 51), in particular as a joining aid and / or for thermal and / or electrical insulation; - a method step of bonding said at least one insert (4) to said laminate stack (50, 51), in particular by means of a heat-resistant adhesive, in particular forming at least one substantially flat surface between an end face of said slot bar (30, 31) and a surface of said at least one insert (4), said at least one substantially flat surface being preferably formed by machining and / or precision manufacturing of said laminate stack (50, 51), said insert (4) and said slot bar (30, 31); - a method step of applying, in particular printing, in a laminated manner at least one ring (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25), preferably a short-circuiting ring, to said at least one of said end faces of said slotted bar (30, 31), in particular by a laminate printing process; 10. A method for manufacturing an armature and / or a rotor (1, 2, 3) for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage rotor, in particular according to claim 1, comprising:

3. A first ring (20, 22, 24) is applied to a first end face (9) of the slotted bar (30, 31), and a second ring (21, 23, 25) is applied to a second end face (10) of the slotted bar (30, 31) opposite the first end face. A method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. the slotted bars (30, 31) and / or the at least one ring (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) are free of holes and / or cavities, in particular having a residual porosity of less than 0.1%, preferably in the range of 0.01% to 0.1%; A method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. at least one, in particular at least partially circumferential air gap and / or air inclusion is arranged between the slot bar (30, 31) and the slot (60, 61), in particular the lamination stack (50, 51), and / or the air gap and / or air inclusion extends to the lamination stack (50, 51), at least partially surrounding the inserted slot bar (30, 31); A method for manufacturing an armature (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. no full contact is established between the slot bars (30, 31) and the slots (60, 61), in particular the lamination stack (50, 51), and / or the at least one circumferential air gap and / or air inclusion has an insulating effect and / or reduces electrical losses, A method for manufacturing an armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage rotor, manufactured in particular according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, a lamination stack (50, 51) into which the slot bar (30, 31) is inserted, the slot bar (30, 31) having, on at least one of its end faces (9, 10), a projection (U) that exceeds the lamination stack (50, 51) or is flush with the lamination stack (50, 51), in particular at the height of at least one insert (4) attached or attachable to the end face of the lamination stack, at least one ring (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25), preferably a shorting ring, is applied laminatedly to said at least one of said end faces of said slot bar, in particular by a laminate printing process; Armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3).

8. An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) for an electric machine, in particular a short-circuit or cage rotor, according to claim 7 or manufactured according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, the slot bars (30, 31) are inserted into the stack (50, 51) so as to have a protrusion exceeding the stack at the height of at least one insert (4) attached to an end face of the stack; the at least one insert (4) is bonded to the laminate stack, in particular by a heat-resistant adhesive, in particular forming at least one substantially flat surface between the end faces (9, 10) of the slot bars (30, 31) and a surface of the at least one insert, the at least one substantially flat surface being preferably formed by machining and / or precision manufacturing of the laminate stack (50, 51), the insert (4) and the slot bars (30, 31); Armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3).

9. A first ring (20, 22, 24) is applied to a first end face (9, 10) of the slotted bar (30, 31), and a second ring (21, 23, 25) is applied to a second end face (9) of the slotted bar (30, 31) opposite the first end face. An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to claim 7 or 8.

10. said at least one ring (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) is applied directly to said laminate stack (50, 51) and / or said slot bar (30, 31), in particular is printed laminate-wise; the at least one ring (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) is printed flush on the back surface of the laminate stack (50, 51) and / or the slot bar (30, 31) or is printed in an arc and / or bridge shape between the end faces (9, 10) of the slot bar (30, 31); An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

11. the rings (22, 23, 24, 25) are provided with blades (40, 41, 42) for circulating a coolant, the blades extending from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the rings (22, 23, 24, 25), in particular extending in an arc / curved manner from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the rings; An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 7 to 10.

12. The blades (40, 41, 42) have an axial and / or radial curvature. An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 7 to 11.

13. a first cooling channel (6) extending through said lamination stack (50, 51) and / or a second cooling channel (7) extending through said slot bar (31); An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 7 to 12.

14. The blades (40, 41, 42) are printed on the slot bar (31) so that the cooling channels (7) run through the blades in the axial direction (A), along the blades or between the blades; An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 7 to 13.

15. the ring (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) comprises at least one sensor for determining the position, in particular the angle of rotation, of the armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3); An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 7 to 14.

16. the slotted bars (30, 31) and / or the rings (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25) are free of holes and / or cavities, in particular having a residual porosity of less than 0.1%, preferably a porosity or residual porosity in the range of 0.01% to 0.1%; An armature and / or rotor (1, 2, 3) according to any one of claims 7 to 15.

17. An electric machine, in particular an electric motor or generator, comprising at least one armature or rotor according to any one of claims 7 to 16.

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