Seeding method and device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for sowing seeds carried by a seed tape (5) into a soil base, the method comprising advancing a carriage along the soil base, the carriage comprising a seed tape feeder, a rotary pressure disc (3), and, optionally, a rotary soil cutting disc (2), the rotary pressure disc (3) being mounted in line on the carriage behind the soil cutting disc (2) (if present), wherein (i) as the carriage advances along the soil base, the soil cutting disc (2) (if present) cuts a longitudinally extending substantially vertical slit, (ii) the seed tape (5) is fed by the seed tape feeder in front of the pressure disc (3) and brings the seed tape (5) into contact with the pressure disc (3) so that a peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disc (3) is approximately centered between two edges of the seed tape (5), and (iii) as the carriage advances, the pressure disc (3) pushes the seed tape (5) against the pressure disc (3), and a device for carrying out the method, the method comprising: sequentially forming longitudinal folds in a seed tape (5) and sequentially pressing the folded seed tape (5) into a slit (or pressing the folded seed tape (5) into the soil to form a slit if a cutting disk (2) is not present) so that after being pressed into the slit, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape (5) face downward and the two edges of the seed tape (5) face upward, leaving vertical gaps between the two edges and the top of the slit.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method of sowing which comprises planting a seed tape in the ground, and to an apparatus for carrying out said method. [Background technology]

[0002] It is known that increasing the accuracy of seed planting improves seed germination and the early and uniform growth of both shoots and roots. The use of seed tape offers many opportunities for increasing seed planting accuracy, enabling seeds to be planted with extremely high precision. Such seed tapes typically include one or more layers or sheets of paper, woven or nonwoven fabric, plastic film, mulch mat, or a combination thereof, with seeds glued to or sandwiched between the one or more layers or sheets.

[0003] Applicant's earlier European Patent No. 3 403 483 discloses a seed tape formed from a self-supporting film of a water-based polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol.

[0004] U.S. Patent No. 4,173,844 (Knolle et al.) discloses a layered seed carrier having two layers of different properties bonded together with the seeds held between them, which appears to be intended to be laid horizontally in the ground.

[0005] Other methods of preparing seed tapes or seed carriers are described in EP 0953280 (Coudrieau et al.) and KO 100759274.

[0006] U.S. Patent No. 5,165,351 (Billings) discloses an apparatus and method for laying seed tapes. In the Billings method, furrows are created by a "furrow opener" at the tip of a seeding device unit, and seed tapes are laid horizontally in the furrows and then covered with soil.

[0007] In most known systems for sowing seeds using seed tape, the seed tape is laid flat against the soil or the bottom of the furrow, usually requiring the seed tape to be held in place by a material such as soil or sand to prevent it from blowing away. Deviating from this practice, U.S. Pat. No. 2,571,491 describes a sowing method in which the seed tape is laid primarily on a vertical surface. Thus, U.S. Pat. No. 2,571,491 discloses a seed tape in which two similar strips of porous, non-absorbent paper are glued together across a portion of their width, forming a sandwich structure with the seeds held in the glue between the strips. In use, a slit or furrow is formed in the ground, and the seed tape is inserted vertically into the slit, with a portion of the tape protruding above the ground. Soil is pressed against the opposite side of the seed tape to secure it in place, and then the (unglued) upper edge is folded back and laid flat against the soil. The purpose of the folded edge is to provide a protective area on both sides of the seed row. One of the challenges with the method disclosed in U.S. 2,571,491 is how to press the soil against the sides of the seed tape to secure it in place. While it is easy to imagine how to do this manually, it is not so easy to imagine how to do it quickly and accurately mechanically, and U.S. 2,571,491 does not disclose any machines that can be used for this purpose. Another potential challenge with the method disclosed in U.S. 2,571,491 is that the folded edges may become loose under windy conditions, potentially pulling the seed strip out of the furrow. Another challenge is that because the folded edges protrude above the soil, they are difficult to decompose by soil-dwelling organisms, leaving long-lasting residue that can entangle growing plants and hinder mechanical weeding methods.

[0008] U.S. 5,906,167 (Miyachi) discloses an apparatus for planting a net tape containing grass runners using a device that cuts slits in the ground and pushes folded net tape into the slits. U.S. 5,906,167 does not disclose the use of the device for placing seed tape in the ground, and the device disclosed in the document is not actually believed to be suitable for placing seed tape in the ground. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] Therefore, there is currently a need for improved seeding methods using seed tape technology. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The present invention provides a method for planting seed tapes in a soil substrate, which in one aspect includes cutting a continuous, generally vertical slit in the soil and then placing the seed tape in the generally vertical slit. To avoid the need to create wider furrows to allow for the placement of the seed strips and then backfill with soil, the method includes folding the seed tape so that the folds face downward and then using a pressure disk that engages the inner surface of the folds to press the folded seed strip down into the slit. In contrast to the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,571,491, no further disturbance of the soil is required once the seed tape is pressed into the slit.

[0011] The main difference between the method of the present invention and the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,571,491 is that in the method of the present invention, the seed tape is placed in the slit so that there is a vertical gap between the top of the slit and the upper edge of the seed tape, i.e., so that the upper edge of the seed tape is buried below the ground surface. This has several advantages:

[0012] -Since there are no protruding parts on the seed tape above ground, the seed tape will not be blown away by the wind and pulled out of the slits, and the seed tape will be more firmly fixed to the soil.

[0013] There are no protruding parts of the seed tape above ground that could act as a wick to draw moisture up through the slits and away from the seeds that need it.

[0014] The space within the slits above the seed tape allows the seedlings' stems and leaves to grow before they emerge from the ground, giving the growing seedlings some protection during their weak developmental stages.

[0015] Because the seed tape does not remain on the ground, it will not entangle growing plants or interfere with mechanical weeding, and produce such as fresh vegetables like spinach will not be contaminated with paper, which is not acceptable or permitted under food industry standards.

[0016] Because seed tape is completely below ground, it tends to absorb and concentrate moisture from the surrounding soil, thus aiding seed germination and early plant growth in dry conditions. In contrast, the seed tape of U.S. 2,571,491 has portions that extend above ground, thus providing a means of wicking moisture away from the plant.

[0017] Because the entire seed tape is below ground, it is more exposed to soil organisms that may result in biodegradation of the seed tape once the seeds germinate. In contrast, in the method of U.S. 2,571,491, the areas of the seed tape extending above ground are not as exposed to soil organisms and are therefore expected to degrade more slowly and remain on the soil surface longer.

[0018] In some methods of the present invention, a vertical slit is cut in the soil, and then a pressure disk is used to press the seed tape into the slit. These methods of the present invention allow the seed tape to be pressed into the slit to a selected and controlled depth, which is selected depending on the nature of the seed being planted. In contrast to the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,571,491, the methods of the present invention not only allow the seed tape to be placed completely below ground level in the slit, but also typically allow for vertical gaps below and above the seed tape. The advantage of having a vertical gap below the seed tape is that there is no vertical resistance to root growth, allowing roots to establish more quickly.

[0019] The pressure disk is controllable and / or its dimensions and / or weight can be selected to place the seed tape into the ground at the desired depth of the slit. The seed depth is controlled by placing the seeds on the tape during the production of the seed tape. In this way, the depth at which the seeds are planted in the soil can be controlled and optimized for each type of seed.

[0020] A general advantage of the method of the present invention compared to known sowing methods is that it causes much less disturbance to the soil and therefore much less interference with soil structure and soil life. The method of the present invention can be used on undisturbed surfaces as well as on previously plowed or furrowed surfaces. Certain methods of the present invention use cutting disks to cut slits in the soil, which cutting disks are capable of cutting slits in a wide range of soils and soil conditions. Therefore, the method of the present invention can reduce the time spent on soil preparation before planting.

[0021] The method of the present invention allows seeds to be planted in very precise straight lines, making subsequent plowing between seed rows easier and more accurate.

[0022] A further substantial advantage compared to known sowing methods is that the method of the present invention provides a better opportunity for planting. The best opportunity for planting is usually dependent on weather and soil moisture. With existing methods, if the soil is too wet, the soil preparation and planting machinery becomes clogged with the wet soil, hindering or making planting difficult. Because the method of the present invention causes minimal disruption to the soil and the compression disks used to press the seed tape into the ground are protected from clogging by the folded seed tape, the method of the present invention can be used in soils with a wider range of moisture content. Therefore, the method of the present invention can be used when the soil is too wet for many other planting methods.

[0023] The present invention also provides an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention. The apparatus includes a carriage mounted with a seed tape feeder, a pressure disc for forcing the seed tape into the slit, and, if necessary, a soil cutting disc for cutting the slit. The components of the apparatus are arranged so that the seed tape is fed into the path of the pressure disc, and the ribbon wraps around the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disc, thereby creating a longitudinal fold in the ribbon. The pressure disc then presses the folded ribbon down into the slit (or, if a cutting disc is not used, directly into the soil to form the slit), with the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disc acting on the inner surface of the fold. The pressure disc may have a shoulder on one or both sides recessed from the periphery, which presses against the soil and creates an enlarged area at the top of the slit.

[0024] Thus, in a first aspect (embodiment 1.0), the present invention provides a method for sowing seeds carried by a seed tape into a soil substrate, the method comprising: (i) optionally cutting a longitudinally extending substantially vertical slit along the soil bed; (ii) feeding the seed tape in front of the pressure disk and contacting the seed tape with the pressure disk so that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disk is approximately centered between two edges of the seed tape; (iii) advancing a pressing disk along a path (e.g., a path aligned with the slit) to sequentially form longitudinal folds in the seed tape and sequentially pressing the folded seed tape into the slit (or directly into the soil to form a pre-cut slit), so that after being pressed into the slit (or soil), the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward, the two edges of the seed tape face upward, and there is a vertical gap between the two edges and the top of the slit.

[0025] In another aspect (embodiment 1.01), the present invention provides a method for sowing seeds carried by a seed tape into a soil substrate, the method comprising: (i) providing an apparatus including a seed tape feeder and a carriage carrying a rotating pressure disc, the apparatus including a force adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressure force exerted by the pressure disc against the soil base; (ii) using a force adjustment mechanism to select a force setting for the pressure disc to provide a desired degree of penetration of the pressure disc into the soil base; (ii) feeding the seed tape in front of the pressure disk and contacting the seed tape with the pressure disk so that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disk is approximately centered between two edges of the seed tape; (iv) advancing the carriage along the path, wherein as the carriage advances, the pressing disc sequentially forms longitudinal folds in the seed tape and sequentially presses the folded seed tape against the soil base, so that after being pressed against the soil base, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward and the two edges of the seed tape face upward and are below ground level.

[0026] A substantial advantage of varying the force applied by the pressure disc is that the depth to which the seed tape is placed into the substrate can be more precisely controlled.

[0027] A substantial proportion of the force exerted by the pressure disc is due to the weight of the pressure disc, but the force due to the weight of the pressure disc can be increased or decreased by a force adjustment mechanism.

[0028] The force adjustment mechanism may include a spring and a tension adjustment device for varying the tension of the spring, the spring being oriented such that the tension of the spring increases or decreases the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil bed due to the weight of the pressure disc.

[0029] This advantage is not present in the device described in U.S. 5,906,167, in which the pressure disc has a fixed height and does not appear to be adjustable to plant at different depths in the soil.

[0030] In one embodiment, the spring is oriented so that the tension in the spring increases the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil bed due to the weight of the pressure disc.

[0031] In another embodiment, the spring is oriented so that the tension in the spring reduces the force exerted by the pressure disk on the soil bed due to the weight of the pressure disk.

[0032] The term "spring" as used herein refers to hydraulic and gas springs as well as mechanical springs, and it will be understood that other force adjusting mechanisms may be used in place of springs.

[0033] The pressure disc is typically attached to a frame (subassembly) that can move up and down to reduce or increase the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil base. A force adjustment mechanism is connected to the frame (subassembly) to control or mitigate the up and down movement of the frame.

[0034] For example, a force adjustment mechanism (such as a spring) can be positioned to oppose downward movement of the frame, thereby reducing the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil bed. Alternatively, the force adjustment mechanism can be configured to impart a downward biasing force to the frame, thereby increasing the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil bed.

[0035] In some embodiments of the invention, the pressure disc and cutting disc (if present) are mounted on a subassembly connected to the main support frame of the carriage by upper and lower arms arranged in a parallelogram configuration, with each vertex of the parallelogram forming a pivot point to allow the angle of the parallelogram to be changed, and wherein tension elements (such as springs) are positioned between opposite sides and / or vertices of the parallelogram, and the tension elements are adjustable to change the configuration of the parallelogram to increase or decrease the downward load exerted by the pressure disc on the soil bed.

[0036] An advantage of using a force adjustment mechanism that includes a spring is that the spring can compensate for undulations in the underlying soil bed, thereby assisting the pressure disc in achieving a more tightly controlled soil penetration depth.

[0037] The methods of embodiments 1.0 and 1.01 may optionally include the step of cutting a generally vertical slit extending longitudinally along the soil base and pressing the folded seed tape into the soil base. Whether or not a slit needs to be cut through which the seed tape will be pressed depends on the soil conditions. In some cases, the soil base may be soft enough that the seed tape can be pressed into the soil base without first forming a slit. In other cases, the soil base may be too hard to install the seed tape using only a pressing disk and a slit must first be cut.

[0038] Thus, the apparatus used to carry out the method of the present invention may optionally include cutting discs that can be removed / added or raised / lowered to bring the cutting discs into or out of contact with the soil base as required.

[0039] The force adjustment mechanism is typically set so that the pressure disc presses the seed tape against the soil base so that the longitudinal folds of the seed tape are about 1 cm to about 10 cm deep.

[0040] A longitudinally extending, generally vertical slit is typically cut into the substrate using a suitable moving support structure, such as a rotating soil cutting disk mounted in front of the pressure disk on a carriage.

[0041] In a third aspect (embodiment 1.1), the present invention provides a method for sowing seeds carried by seed tapes into a soil substrate, comprising the step of advancing a carriage along the soil substrate, the carriage comprising a seed tape feeder, a rotary pressure disc and, optionally, a rotary soil cutting disc, the seed tape feeder and the rotary pressure disc being mounted in line on the carriage behind the soil cutting disc, if present; (i) if a rotating soil cutting disk is provided, this cuts a longitudinally extending, generally vertical slit as the carriage advances along the soil bed; (ii) feeding the seed tape in front of the pressure disc by the seed tape feeder and contacting the seed tape with the pressure disc so that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disc is approximately centered between two edges of the seed tape; (iii) The pressing disc sequentially forms longitudinal folds in the seed tape, and as the carriage moves forward, the folded seed tape is sequentially pressed into the slit, or if a cutting disc is not used, it is pressed directly into the soil to form a slit, and after being pressed into the slit, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward and the two edges of the seed tape face upward, creating a vertical gap between the two edges and the top end of the slit.

[0042] Thus, according to the invention, a longitudinally extending, generally vertical slit is cut into the soil base by the soil cutting disk, and as the carriage advances along the soil base, the seed tape is gradually folded and pressed into the slit or pressed directly into the ground to form the slit, the folds being longitudinal folds such that the seed tape is wrapped around the peripheral pressing edge of the pressing wheel as it is forced into the slit.

[0043] The longitudinal folds are typically formed along a line approximating the centerline of the seed tape, i.e., its longitudinal axis of symmetry.

[0044] The slits may extend longitudinally for a distance depending on the length of the field or cultivated area in which the seeds are to be planted.

[0045] The folded seed tape is pushed into the slit in the soil base (or pushed directly into the soil base if no slit has been cut) so that the top of the seed tape (i.e., the two upward-facing edges) is below ground level, i.e., so that there is a vertical gap between the two upward-facing edges and the top of the slit.

[0046] The slits (whether made by a cutting disc or a pressing disc) are preferably formed with an enlarged region at their upper ends. The enlarged region may be defined by sloping and / or curved walls that diverge toward the top of the slit. The sloping walls may be straight, curved, or a combination thereof, providing the slit with an enlarged region whose purpose is to provide space for the seedling's leaves to grow before emerging above ground.

[0047] In one embodiment, the enlarged region or channel is generally V-shaped in cross section, hi another embodiment, the enlarged region or channel is cup-shaped in cross section.

[0048] From the above, it will be appreciated that if the soil base is soft enough, the enlarged area or channel can also be formed by pressing the seed tape directly into the ground without first cutting a slit.

[0049] In addition to providing space for the seedling's leaves to grow before emerging above ground level (e.g., field surface level), the enlarged area at the top of the slit, especially if V-shaped, helps funnel rainwater or other irrigation water into the slit.

[0050] The enlarged area or channel is formed by a suitably shaped shoulder on one or both sides of the pressure disc. The shoulder can be integrally formed with the pressure disc or can be formed separately and secured to the pressure disc. The shoulder can be formed, for example, from a suitable strong plastic material.

[0051] There is a radial space between the shoulder and the peripheral pressing edge of the pressing disk. The radial spacing is typically at least 1 cm, more typically at least 1.5 cm, e.g., 1.7 cm to 2 cm. The radial spacing is selected depending on the width of the seed tape (before folding) and is typically about half the width of the seed tape before folding. As a result, after the seed tape is folded, the two lateral edges of the seed tape are positioned adjacent to the radially outermost edges of the shoulder.

[0052] If the slit is pre-cut using a cutting disk, the depth of the slit (including its enlarged upper end) is typically greater than the vertical dimension of the seed tape when it is pressed into the slit. Thus, the depth of the slit can be selected so that there is always vertical space below the folded seed tape in which the roots of the germinated seeds can grow.

[0053] Thus, in one preferred embodiment, after the folded seed tape is pushed into the slit, the folded seed tape is positioned so that the upward edge of the folded seed tape is adjacent to the lower end of the enlarged area of ​​the slit (preferably lower than the lower end of the enlarged area of ​​the slit) and a vertical gap is created between the longitudinal fold of the seed tape and the bottom of the slit.

[0054] The positioning of the seed tape in the slits is such that, when the seeds germinate, the seedling's roots grow downward into the space below the seed tape and into the surrounding soil, and the seedling's stem and leaves can grow into the enlarged area at the top of the slits, thus protecting the emerging seedlings from the effects of wind and making them more viable.

[0055] The depth of the slit and the size (width and vertical depth) of the expanded region of the slit can be selected depending on the nature and dimensions of the plant. As an example, the slit may have a depth of 5 cm to 20 cm (e.g., 5 cm to 10 cm), an expanded upper region with a depth of 0 cm to 5 cm, e.g., 1.5 cm to 5 cm (e.g., 2 cm to 3 cm), and an upper width of 0 cm to 5 cm, e.g., 1.5 cm to 3 cm.

[0056] The seed tape is fed in front of the pressing disc by a seed tape feeder. The seed tape feeder typically includes a roll of seed tape and one or more guide rollers for guiding the seed tape into position. The position of the guide rollers is typically selected so that the seed tape contacts the pressing disc approximately at the top of the slit. Alternatively, the seed tape can contact the pressing disc above the top of the slit so that folding can begin. As a further alternative, the guide rollers can be positioned to lay the seed tape on top of the soil base above the slit before contacting the pressing disc.

[0057] Although the seed tape roll may be mounted on the carriage so that its axis of rotation is parallel to and aligned with the compression disk, it has been found that more accurate alignment of the compression disk with the centerline of the seed tape (i.e., its longitudinal axis of symmetry) can be achieved by mounting the seed tape roll so that it is initially unwound substantially laterally and then using a turn roller to rotate the direction of travel of the seed tape so that it is aligned with the compression disk. By initially unwounding the seed tape roll laterally and then rotating the direction of travel with the turn roller, it is believed that undesirable lateral movement of the seed tape due to carriage sway caused by traveling over uneven ground can be reduced.

[0058] The seed tape roll may be mounted on the carriage with its axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pressure disk, in which case the turn roller rotates the seed tape through an angle of about 90°, although it will be appreciated that this angle need not be exactly perpendicular and may vary from perpendicular, for example, within a range of ±10°.

[0059] Seed tapes are elongated strips that contain or carry seeds, typically made of cellulosic and / or plastic materials. The seeds may be sandwiched between layers of the seed tape or attached to the surface. Examples of seed tapes include those disclosed in the applicant's prior international patent application PCT / EP / 2020 / 059291 (WO2020 / 201373), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0060] Thus, for example, a seed tape can include a polymeric film layer having a plurality of seeds at least partially embedded therein and a porous reinforcing layer adhered or laminated to the polymeric film layer, in which case, when the seed tape is folded, the porous reinforcing layer preferably constitutes the inner surface of the folded ribbon, with the seed-containing polymeric film layer facing outward.

[0061] Seed tapes are typically available in rolls for storage and distribution purposes.

[0062] The seed tape has a sufficiently high tensile strength so as not to break during installation in the soil base. Preferably, therefore, the seed tape should have a wet strength MD (i.e., machine direction) of at least 100 N / 5 cm (as determined by standard ISO 9073-3).

[0063] The seed tape before being folded and placed in the slit can have a width of about 3 cm to about 8 cm, for example, about 3.5 cm to about 5.5 cm.

[0064] The thickness of the seed tape (ignoring the size of the seeds attached to the tape but including the coating on the carrier) is about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, but is usually 0.6 mm to 1 mm.

[0065] Seed tapes can be prepared under controlled factory conditions, and seeds can be deposited or incorporated into the tape in a highly precise manner, allowing for a highly accurate planting pattern when the seed tape is installed in the ground. For example, rows of seeds can be incorporated into the seed tape, with the rows of seeds being a predetermined distance from and substantially parallel to the edges of the seed tape. The distance between the rows of seeds and the edges of the seed tape determines the depth at which the seeds are planted. Various types of seed tapes can be prepared, each with a row of seeds at a selected distance from the edges of the seed tape, allowing seeds to be planted at an optimal depth for the target plant species or variety.

[0066] Thus, according to the present invention, the depth to which the seed tape is pressed into the ground is determined by the downward load applied by the pressing disc, while the depth to which different types of seeds are planted is determined by the position of the seeds on the seed tape.

[0067] In another aspect, the present invention provides a seed tape as defined herein, wherein the seed tape is formed from a cellulosic and / or plastic material and carries seeds arranged in rows extending along the seed tape, the rows being substantially parallel to the longitudinal edges of the seed tape and spaced apart from a centerline of the seed tape.

[0068] The seed tape can include a polymeric film layer having a plurality of seeds at least partially embedded therein arranged in a row, and a porous reinforcing layer adhered or laminated to the polymeric film layer, in which, when the seed tape is folded, the porous reinforcing layer preferably forms the inner surface of the folded ribbon, with the seed-containing polymeric film layer facing outward.

[0069] A seed tape may only have a single row of seeds, usually consisting of seeds of a single plant species.

[0070] The present invention also provides methods and apparatus as defined herein that include or utilise such seed tapes.

[0071] The seed tapes used in the methods and apparatus of the present invention can contain one or more active ingredients for promoting germination or growth of plants from seeds or for controlling or eliminating pests. Thus, for example, the seed tape may contain one or more active ingredients selected from plant growth additives; soil conditioning additives; elongation and / or seed protection additives; biostimulants such as humic acid, fulvic acid, and plant hormones (e.g., gibberellins and auxins); nitrogen-containing compounds; inorganic compounds; salt binders such as gypsum (calcium sulfate); micronutrients such as zinc, copper, and boron (e.g., gibberellins and auxins); nitrogen-containing compounds; inorganic compounds; salt binders such as gypsum (calcium sulfate); micronutrients (e.g., zinc, copper, boron, seaweed extracts, etc.); plant components; chitosan; biopolymers; biological agents such as fungi (e.g., mycorrhizal fungi) and bacteria (e.g., beneficial soil bacteria); organic or synthetic fertilizers; biological control agents such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and wool fibers (for slug control); pH adjusters such as calcium carbonate, lime, and sulfur; UV stabilizers; water-absorbing and water-retaining materials such as silica and bentonite clay, talcum, pigments, and dyes.

[0072] Such additives are typically present in an amount corresponding to 0-50% (w / w) of the biodegradable polymer film, more usually 0-25% (w / w), for example 0-10% (w / w), or 0-5% (w / w).

[0073] It will be understood that the active ingredients will be selected to be beneficial to the growth and development of the target plant species from seed (and therefore non-toxic), so that, for example, if herbicides are included, they will be selective herbicides that will not harm the target plant species.

[0074] A variety of microbiological additives can be incorporated into seed tapes to aid in germination and plant establishment. These are typically mycorrhizal fungi, a group of approximately 400 fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plants. They live in or on roots, extending their hyphae into the soil and providing phosphate, nitrogen, other nutrients, and water to the host plant. By expanding the effective root area hundreds of times, plants grow faster, larger, and stronger while requiring less fertilizer and water. Other additives include commercially available biological and chemical agents that stimulate plant defenses and promote beneficial mycorrhizal symbiosis.

[0075] Buffers and other chemical organic agents provide a means of counteracting the effects of harmful chemical contaminants in the soil or medium, improving germination and / or encouraging and facilitating plant establishment. Thus, for example, lime provides a buffer against low pH, gypsum counters high salinity, while clay minerals such as zeolite, kaolinite, calcium bentonite, and montmorillonite counter high levels of fertilizer or chemical contamination in the soil.

[0076] It will be appreciated that the additive should preferably be biodegradable or safely incorporated into the substrate (soil) after the crop is harvested, and that its components do not pose health concerns that would render the crop grown from the seed unsuitable for human consumption.

[0077] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the method and apparatus of the present invention provide a highly effective means for the controlled introduction into the soil of various substances beneficial to seed germination and the subsequent growth and development of the resulting plants. Substances can be incorporated into the seed tape in the required amounts under highly controlled factory conditions, thus allowing for extremely precise control of the amounts of such substances delivered to the soil with the seeds.

[0078] From the above, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the method of the present invention are as set forth in the following embodiments 1.2 to 1.19.

[0079] 1.2 The method according to any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.1, wherein the longitudinal fold is formed along a line approximating the centerline of the seed tape, i.e., its longitudinal axis of symmetry.

[0080] 1.3 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0-1.2, wherein (i) the slit through which the seed tape is pressed is formed to have an enlarged area at its upper end, or (ii) if the seed tape is pressed directly into the soil base without first forming a slit, an enlarged area or channel is formed above the folded seed tape after the folded seed tape is pressed into the soil base.

[0081] 1.4 The method of embodiment 1.3, wherein (i) the enlarged region is defined by sloping and / or curved walls that diverge toward the top of the slit, or (ii) if no slit is formed first, the enlarged region or channel is defined by sloping and / or curved walls that diverge toward its top.

[0082] 1.5 The method of embodiment 1.3, wherein the enlarged region or channel has a generally V-shaped cross section.

[0083] 1.6 The method of embodiment 1.3, wherein the enlarged region or channel has a cup-shaped cross-section.

[0084] 1.7 The method according to any one of embodiments 1.3 to 1.6, wherein the enlarged area or channel is formed by a suitably shaped shoulder on one or both sides of the pressing disc.

[0085] 1.8 The method of embodiment 1.7, wherein there is a radial spacing of at least 1 cm between the shoulder and the peripheral pressing edge of the pressing disc.

[0086] 1.9 The method of embodiment 1.8, wherein the radial spacing is at least 1.5 cm, for example, 1.7 cm to 2 cm.

[0087] 1.10 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.9, wherein the depth of the slit (including its enlarged upper end) is selected to be greater than the vertical dimension of the seed tape when pressed into the slit, so that there is vertical space below the folded seed tape into which the roots of the germinating seeds can grow.

[0088] 1.11 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.10, wherein the slit is 5 cm to 20 cm deep (e.g., 5 cm to 10 cm deep).

[0089] 1.11A The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.11, wherein the downward longitudinal fold of the seed tape is pressed into the ground to a depth of 1.5 cm to 5 cm.

[0090] 1.12 The method of embodiment 1.3 and any embodiment referenced thereto, wherein the enlarged upper region is 0 cm to 5 cm deep, for example 1.5 cm to 5 cm deep (e.g., 2 cm to 3 cm deep).

[0091] 1.12A The method according to embodiment 1.12, wherein the enlarged upper region has a width at its upper end of 0.5 cm to 5 cm, for example 1.5 cm to 3 cm.

[0092] 1.13 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.12, wherein the seed tape is a narrow length of seed-containing or seed-carrying strip formed from a cellulosic and / or plastic material and carries the seeds, the seeds being sandwiched between layers of the seed tape or glued to its surface.

[0093] 1.14 The method according to embodiment 1.13, wherein the seed tape comprises a polymeric film layer having a plurality of seeds at least partially embedded therein, and a porous reinforcing layer adhered to the polymeric film layer.

[0094] 1.15 The method according to embodiment 1.14, wherein when the seed tape is folded, the porous reinforcing layer forms the inner surface of the folded ribbon so that the seed-containing polymer layer faces outward.

[0095] 1.16 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0-1.15, wherein the seed tape feeder comprises a roll or reel of seed tape.

[0096] 1.16A The method according to embodiment 1.16, wherein the seed tape is initially unwound to move laterally, and a turn roller is used to rotate the direction of movement to align with the pressing disc.

[0097] 1.17 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.16A, wherein the seed tape has a wet tensile strength (MD) of at least 100 N / 5 cm.

[0098] 1.18 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.17, wherein the seed tape has a width of about 3 cm to 8 cm, e.g., about 3.5 cm to about 5.5 cm, before being folded and placed in the soil base.

[0099] 1.19 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.18, wherein the seed tape has a thickness of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, for example 0.6 to 1 mm (ignoring the size of the seeds attached to the tape).

[0100] 1.20 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.19, wherein the seed tape contains one or more active ingredients for promoting germination or growth of plants from seeds or for controlling or eliminating pests.

[0101] 1.21 The method of embodiment 1.20, wherein the seed tape comprises one or more active ingredients selected from plant growth additives; soil conditioning additives; elongation and / or seed protection additives; biostimulants such as humic acid, fulvic acid, and plant hormones (e.g., gibberellins and auxins); nitrogen-containing compounds; inorganic compounds; salt binders such as gypsum (calcium sulfate); micronutrients (e.g., zinc, copper, boron, seaweed extracts, etc.); plant components; chitosan; biopolymers; biological agents such as fungi (e.g., mycorrhizal fungi) and bacteria (e.g., beneficial soil bacteria); organic or synthetic fertilizers; biological control agents such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, wool fibers (for slug control), etc.; pH adjusters such as calcium carbonate, lime, sulfur, etc.; UV stabilizers; water absorption and retention materials such as silica, bentonite clay, talcum, pigments, and dyes.

[0102] 1.22 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.21, wherein the force adjustment mechanism comprises a spring and a tension adjustment device for varying the tension of the spring, the spring being oriented such that the tension of the spring increases or decreases the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil base due to the weight of the pressure disc.

[0103] 1.23 The method of embodiment 1.22, wherein the spring is oriented such that the tension in the spring increases the force exerted by the pressure disc on the soil base due to the weight of the pressure disc.

[0104] 1.24 The method of embodiment 1.22, wherein the spring is oriented such that the tension in the spring reduces the force exerted by the pressure disc on the soil base due to the weight of the pressure disc.

[0105] 1.25 The method of any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.24, wherein the pressure disc is attached to a frame (subassembly) that is movable up and down, thereby reducing or increasing the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil base, and a force adjustment mechanism is coupled to the frame (subassembly) to control or mitigate the up and down movement of the frame.

[0106] 1.26 The method according to embodiment 1.25, wherein a force adjustment mechanism (such as a spring) is positioned to oppose downward movement of the frame, thereby reducing the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil base.

[0107] 1.27 The method of embodiment 1.25, wherein the force adjustment mechanism is configured to impart a downward biasing force to the frame, thereby increasing the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil base.

[0108] 1.28 The method of embodiment 1.25, wherein the pressing disc and cutting disc (if present) are mounted on a subassembly connected to the main support frame of the carriage by upper and lower arms arranged in a parallelogram configuration, each vertex of the parallelogram defining a pivot point so that the angle of the parallelogram can be changed, and wherein tension elements (such as springs) are positioned between opposite sides and / or vertices of the parallelogram, and the tension elements are adjustable to change the configuration of the parallelogram to increase or decrease the downward load exerted by the pressing disc on the soil base.

[0109] In another aspect (embodiment 2.0), the present invention provides an apparatus for use in sowing seeds carried by a seed tape into a soil substrate, the apparatus comprising a carriage, a seed tape feeder and a rotating pressure disc mounted on the carriage, and in use: (i) the seed tape is fed in front of the pressure disc by the seed tape feeder, and the seed tape is brought into contact with the pressure disc so that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disc is aligned approximately centered between two edges of the seed tape; (iii) a pressing disc sequentially forms longitudinal folds in the seed tape as the carriage advances, and sequentially presses the folded seed tape into the slit, so that after being pressed into the soil base, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward, the two edges of the seed tape face upward, and vertical gaps are formed between the two edges and the top of the soil base; The device includes a force adjustment mechanism for the pressure disc to vary the force that the pressure disc can apply to the soil base and therefore vary the depth to which the folded seed tape is pressed into the ground.

[0110] The apparatus may include a rotating soil cutting disc as defined herein, which may be removable and may be capable of being lowered or raised to move towards or away from the soil base.

[0111] The force adjustment mechanism for the pressure disc may be as defined above in relation to the method aspect of the invention.

[0112] In a further aspect (embodiment 2.1), the present invention provides an apparatus for use in sowing seeds carried by a seed tape into a soil substrate, the apparatus comprising a carriage, the carriage comprising a rotatable soil cutting disc, a seed tape feeder, and a rotatable pressure disc mounted in line on the carriage behind the soil cutting disc, the apparatus comprising, in use: (i) a rotating soil cutting disk that cuts a series of substantially vertical slits as the carriage advances along the soil bed; (ii) the seed tape is fed in front of the pressure disc by the seed tape feeder and brought into contact with the pressure disc such that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disc is approximately centered between two edges of the seed tape; (iii) A device in which a pressing disk sequentially forms longitudinal folds in the seed tape, and as the carriage advances, sequentially presses the folded seed tape into a slit so that after being pressed into the slit, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward, the two edges of the seed tape face upward, and a vertical gap is formed between the two edges and the top end of the slit.

[0113] The particular and preferred features of the device of the invention correspond to the particular and preferred features of the method of the invention described above. Accordingly, particular embodiments of the device of the invention are as follows:

[0114] 2.1A The device of embodiment 2.1, comprising a force adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressing force exerted by the pressing disc against the soil base.

[0115] 2.1B An apparatus as described in embodiment 2.0 or 2.1A, wherein the force adjustment mechanism may be used to select a force setting for the pressure disc to provide a desired degree of penetration of the pressure disc into the soil base.

[0116] 2.1C The device of any one of embodiments 2.0, 2.1A, and 2.1B, wherein the force adjustment mechanism includes a spring and a tension adjustment device for varying the tension of the spring, the spring being oriented such that the tension of the spring increases or decreases the force applied by the pressure disk to the soil base due to the weight of the pressure disk.

[0117] 2.1D The apparatus of embodiment 2.1C, wherein the spring is oriented such that the tension in the spring increases the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil base due to the weight of the pressure disc.

[0118] 2.1E The apparatus of embodiment 2.1C, wherein the spring is oriented such that the tension in the spring reduces the force exerted by the pressure disc on the soil base due to the weight of the pressure disc.

[0119] 2.1F The apparatus of any one of embodiments 2.0 and 2.1A-2.1E, wherein the pressure disc is attached to a frame (subassembly) that is movable up and down, thereby reducing or increasing the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil base, and a force adjustment mechanism is coupled to the frame (subassembly) to control or mitigate the up and down movement of the frame.

[0120] 2.1G An apparatus according to embodiment 2.1F, wherein a force adjustment mechanism (such as a spring) is positioned to oppose downward movement of the frame, thereby reducing the force exerted by the pressure disc on the soil base.

[0121] 2.1H The apparatus of embodiment 2.1F, wherein the force adjustment mechanism is configured to impart a downward biasing force to the frame, thereby increasing the force applied by the pressure disc to the soil base.

[0122] 2.1I The apparatus of embodiment 2.1F, wherein the pressing disc and cutting disc (if present) are mounted on a subassembly connected to the main support frame of the carriage by upper and lower arms arranged in a parallelogram configuration, each vertex of the parallelogram defining a pivot point so that the angle of the parallelogram can be changed, and wherein tension elements (such as springs) are positioned between opposite sides and / or vertices of the parallelogram, the tension elements being adjustable to change the configuration of the parallelogram to increase or decrease the downward load exerted by the pressing disc on the soil base.

[0123] 2.2 The device according to embodiments 2.0-2.1, in which the pressing disc is arranged so as to form a longitudinal fold along a line approximating the centerline of the seed tape, i.e., along its longitudinal axis of symmetry.

[0124] 2.3 An apparatus according to any one of embodiments 2.0 to 2.2, wherein the pressing disc is arranged to press the folded seed tape into the slit in the soil base (or directly into the soil base) so that the top of the seed tape (i.e., the two upwardly facing edges) is below ground level, i.e., so that a vertical gap is created between the two upwardly facing edges and the upper end of the slit (or the surface of the soil base).

[0125] 2.4 An apparatus according to any one of embodiments 2.0 to 2.3, wherein the pressing disc has a surface shape such that the upper end of the slit cut by the cutting disc or the slit formed by the pressing disc is expanded laterally while the folded seed tape is pressed into the slit.

[0126] 2.5 The apparatus of embodiment 2.4, wherein the surface configuration of the pressing disc includes a shoulder on one or both sides of the pressing disc that (i) contacts the upper end of the slit during pressing, thereby laterally expanding the upper end of the slit, if a slit is first formed, or (ii) forms an enlarged area or channel above the folded seed tape after it is pressed into the soil base, if a slit is not first formed by the cutting disc.

[0127] 2.6 The device of embodiment 2.5, wherein each shoulder is sloped or curved.

[0128] 2.7 The apparatus of embodiment 2.6, wherein sloped shoulders are present on both sides of the pressure disc and are configured to form a substantially V-shaped enlarged region at the upper end of the slit or enlarged region or channel.

[0129] 2.8 The device according to any one of embodiments 2.5 to 2.7, wherein the shoulder is integrally formed with the pressure disc.

[0130] 2.9 The device according to any one of embodiments 2.5 to 2.7, wherein the shoulder is integrally formed and fixed to the pressure disc.

[0131] 2.10 The device of embodiment 2.9, wherein the shoulder is formed from a plastic material.

[0132] 2.11 The device of any one of embodiments 2.5 to 2.10, wherein there is a radial spacing between the shoulder and the peripheral pressing edge of the pressing disc that is at least 1 cm in size.

[0133] 2.12 The device of embodiment 2.11, wherein the radial spacing is at least 1.5 cm, for example, 1.7 cm to 2 cm.

[0134] 2.13 The device according to any one of embodiments 2.1 to 2.12, wherein the carriage is provided with an adjustable height mechanism for varying the height of the pressure disc above the soil base.

[0135] 2.14 The apparatus of any one of embodiments 2.1 to 2.13, wherein if a soil cutting disk is provided, the soil cutting disk is arranged to cut a slit having a depth of 5 to 20 cm.

[0136] 2.15 The device according to embodiment 2.14, wherein the soil cutting disc is arranged to cut a slit 5 to 10 cm deep.

[0137] 2.15A The apparatus of any one of embodiments 2.0-2.15, further comprising one or more support wheels (or "jockey wheels") for supporting the apparatus on the underlying substrate / soil.

[0138] 2.16 The apparatus of any one of embodiments 2.0 to 2.15, wherein the seed tape feeder comprises a roll of seed tape and one or more guide rollers for guiding the seed tape into position.

[0139] 2.17 The apparatus of embodiment 2.16, wherein the one or more guide rollers, if present, are positioned so that the seed tape contacts the pressing disc at a point approximately at the top of the slit.

[0140] 2.18 The apparatus of embodiment 2.16, wherein one or more guide rollers, if present, are positioned so that the seed tape contacts the pressing disc at a point above the top of the slit.

[0141] 2.19 The apparatus of embodiment 2.16, wherein one or more guide rollers are positioned to lay the seed tape on the soil base over the slits, if present, before contacting the pressing disc.

[0142] 2.19A The apparatus of embodiment 2.16, wherein the seed tape roll is initially oriented to unwind laterally and a turn roller is provided for changing the direction of travel of the seed tape so that it is aligned with the pressure disc.

[0143] 2.19B The apparatus of embodiment 2.19A, wherein the seed tape roll rotates about an axis at an angle of about 90° relative to the axis of rotation of the pressing disk.

[0144] 2.20 The apparatus of any one of embodiments 2.1-2.19B, wherein the seed tape comprises a polymeric film layer having a plurality of seeds at least partially embedded therein, and a porous reinforcing layer adhered to the polymeric film layer.

[0145] 2.21 The apparatus of embodiment 2.20, wherein the seed tape feeder is configured to deliver the seed tape such that when the seed tape is folded, the porous reinforcing layer preferably constitutes the inner surface of the folded seed tape, with the seed-containing polymer layer facing outward.

[0146] 2.22 An apparatus according to any one of embodiments 2.1 to 2.21, wherein the seed tape before folding has a width in the range of about 3 cm to 8 cm, for example, about 3.5 cm to about 5.5 cm.

[0147] 2.23 The apparatus of embodiment 2.22, wherein the seed tape before folding has a thickness of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, more typically 0.6 to 1 mm (ignoring the size of the seeds attached to the tape, but including any coating on the carrier).

[0148] 2.24 The device of any one of embodiments 2.1 to 2.23, wherein the seed tape contains one or more active ingredients for promoting germination or growth of plants from seeds or for controlling or eliminating pests.

[0149] 2.25 Seed tapes can contain one or more active ingredients for promoting the germination or growth of plants from seeds or for controlling or eliminating pests. Thus, for example, seed tapes can contain plant growth additives; soil conditioning additives; elongation and / or seed protection additives; biostimulants such as humic acid, fulvic acid and plant hormones (e.g., gibberellins and auxins); nitrogen-containing compounds; inorganic compounds; salt binders such as gypsum (calcium sulfate); micronutrients (e.g., gibberellins and auxins) such as zinc, copper, boron, etc. , boron, seaweed extracts, etc.); plant ingredients; chitosan; biopolymers; biological agents such as fungi (e.g., mycorrhizal fungi) and bacteria (e.g., beneficial soil bacteria); organic or synthetic fertilizers; biological control agents such as pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, wool fibers (for slug control); pH adjusters such as calcium carbonate, lime, sulfur; UV stabilizers; water absorption and retention materials such as silica, bentonite clay, talcum, pigments, and dyes.

[0150] Further aspects and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following specific description and accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0151] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the major components of an apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. The support structure to which the major components are attached has been omitted for clarity. Some exemplary dimensions are shown in Figure 1 and are not intended to be limiting. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relative penetration depth of the soil cutting disc and the pressing disc into the soil base. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a photograph showing the soil cutting disk cutting a slit into the soil base. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the pressing disc. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the germination of seedlings from a seed tape placed in a slit according to the present invention. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a photograph showing seedlings growing from the seed tape. [Figure 7] 7 is a perspective view from one side of an apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which can be used to install four seed tapes in parallel, but for clarity, only one of the four seed tape feeders is shown. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 8 from another side. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows the device of FIGS. 8 and 9 from above. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a photograph showing a part of the seed tape supply mechanism in the apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a photograph of the device of FIG. 10, but without showing the top of the device. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a side view of the pressure disc / cutting disc subassembly of the apparatus of Figures 10 and 11, in which the force adjustment mechanism is configured to be adjustable to reduce the downward load on the pressure disc. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a side view of the pressure disc / cutting disc subassembly of the apparatus of FIGS. 10 and 11, in which the force adjustment mechanism is configured to be adjustable to increase the downward load on the pressure disc. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the subassembly shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, with some components omitted for clarity. [Figure 15]FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seed tape after folding by the apparatus shown in any of FIGS. 1 to 14, showing possible alternative positions of the seed rows. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the seed tape of FIG. 15 implanted in a vertical slit in the ground. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the lower part of the edge of a pressure disk and seed tape embedded in the ground. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is an enlarged view showing a part of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0152] Embodiments of the method and apparatus of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0153] An apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown diagrammatically in Figure 1 and comprises a carriage of a type that can be towed behind a tractor. The carriage comprises a support frame, which has been omitted from Figure 1 for clarity. One wheel, the jockey wheel (1), is shown resting on an underlying soil bed, such as a field. It will be appreciated that in some conditions (e.g., for use on harder soils), the jockey wheel may be omitted.

[0154] Rotatably mounted on the support frame behind the jockey wheel (1) is a soil cutting disc (2), typically made of steel. Mounted on the support frame behind and alongside the soil cutting disc (2) is a pressure disc (3). Rotatably mounted on the support frame are a seed tape feeder with a rotating seed tape roll (4) and a pair of guide rollers. As shown in Figure 1, the seed tape feeder conveys the seed tape into the path of the pressure disc (3).

[0155] Figure 2 shows the outlines of the jockey wheel (1), along with the soil cutting disc (2) and pressure disc (3). The soil cutting disc (2) has a relatively narrow soil cutting edge for cutting a slit in the underlying soil bed. In contrast, the pressure disc (3) has a narrow peripheral pressing edge (3a) and angled annular shoulders (3b) on either side of the disc. The annular shoulders (3b) are formed on a separately manufactured plastic disc (3c) and secured to the disc body (3d), which is made of a metal material such as steel.

[0156] FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the soil cutting disc (2) along with a portion of the support frame to which the cutting disc (2) is attached. The relatively narrow edge of the disc (2) is clearly visible in FIG. 3. The soil cutting disc (2) is typically attached to the support frame so that there is a fixed distance between the underside of the jockey wheel (1) and the underside of the cutting disc (2). This ensures that the depth of the slit cut into the soil bed is constant. The slit depth can be, for example, about 5 cm to 15 cm, more typically about 5 cm to about 10 cm.

[0157] FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the pressure disk (3). A plastic disk (3c) is secured to the body (3d) of the pressure disk with a nut and bolt (3e). For illustrative purposes, FIG. 4 shows a length of seed tape manually held against the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disk (3). Also shown in FIG. 4 is a portion of the support frame to which the pressure disk (3) is attached. The pressure disk (3) can be mounted so that the force applied by the pressure disk (3) is adjustable, thereby varying the depth to which the seed tape can be pressed into the slit. This allows for highly accurate placement of seeds at a desired depth in the soil optimal for the corresponding plant species or variety. The force adjustment mechanism is described in more detail below.

[0158] In use, the carriage advances along a field or other soil base, and the soil cutting disc (2) cuts a continuous, longitudinal slit in the soil base. The seed tape (5) unwinds from the reel (4) and roller, and is at a 90° angle to the plane of the pressing disc before contacting the pressing disc. The seed tape (5) from the reel (4) is fed into the path of the pressing disc (3) and, upon contact with the peripheral pressing edge of the pressing disc (3), wraps around the edge and folds in half. The peripheral pressing edge then presses the folded seed tape (5) down into the slit, with the fold (5a) facing downward (6) and the two lateral edges (5b) of the folded seed strip facing upward.

[0159] The pressure disc continues to force the folded seed tape (1) into the slit until the angled shoulder (6a) contacts the soil, forming a generally V-shaped enlarged area or channel at the top of the slit.

[0160] The relatively blunt peripheral pressing edge of the pressing disc (3) in combination with the tensile strength of the seed tape (5) ensures that the edge does not tear the seed tape (5) as it is forced into the slit.

[0161] Figures 5 and 6 show the cross-sectional shape of the slit after the folded seed tape is pressed into the slit. Figure 5 also shows a seedling developing from a germinated seed. The gap below the folded seed tape provides space for the seedling's roots to grow without resistance. As shown in Figure 6, the enlarged V-shaped cross-section above the folded ribbon provides space for the seedling's stem and leaves to grow before emerging from the ground. By placing the seed tape below the ground surface and expanding the upper area of ​​the slit to allow the seedling to grow, the seedling is protected from environmental conditions such as wind that could damage it. The V-shape also allows rainwater and irrigation water to flow into the slit, allowing for more optimal use of the water source. The absorbent material from which the seed tape (5) is made means that the seed tape can absorb water from rainwater, irrigation, or the surrounding soil, thereby providing a constant supply of moisture to the seedling.

[0162] The angle of the V can be varied depending on the type of soil the seeds will be planted in. For example, in relatively sandy soils, a wider V than shown in the figure may be used to prevent the walls of the V from collapsing.

[0163] In the arrangement shown in Figure 5, the germinated seedlings emerge from the outer surface of the folded seed tape rather than growing downward through the folds from the inner surface of the folded seed tape. In one embodiment of the present invention, the seed tape may be of the type described in International Patent Application No. PCT / EP / 2020 / 059291 (WO2020 / 201373) and may include a polymeric film layer in which seeds are at least partially embedded and a porous reinforcing layer adhered to the polymeric film layer. In this embodiment, when the seed tape is folded, the porous reinforcing layer forms the inner surface of the folded ribbon, with the film layer containing the seeds facing outward. This places the polymeric film layer in direct contact with the soil, reducing competition for moisture with the porous reinforcing layer and facilitating moisture circulation from the soil to the seeds. The porous reinforcing layer absorbs water, and when saturated, it acts as a reservoir for seedlings as they germinate. By folding the seed tape (5) so that the porous reinforcement layer is on the inside and the polymer film layer containing the seeds is on the outside, the seedling roots do not have to grow through the porous reinforcement layer, minimizing resistance to root growth.

[0164] The seeds can be placed toward the edges of the seed tape, leaving the center of the seed tape free of seeds. One advantage of this placement is that the seeds are closer to the surface and better positioned to initiate early plant growth, and seedlings that germinate from the seeds are more likely to emerge at approximately the same time, rather than over a longer period of time, as would occur if the seeds were distributed across the entire width of the seed tape rather than along the edges. An additional advantage of placing the seeds toward the edges of the seed tape and leaving the center relatively free of seeds is that the seeds are much less likely to be crushed by the compression disk when the seed tape is pressed into the ground.

[0165] In addition to the protection of germinating seeds and developing seedlings provided by the present invention, a further advantage of the present invention over known sowing methods using seed strips is that once the slits are cut and the seed tape is placed into the slits, there is no need to further disturb the soil, particularly since the seed tape does not need to be covered with soil to secure the seed strip in place, as is the case with seed strips that are laid flat on the ground or in shallow furrows.

[0166] Another advantage of the present invention is that the seed tape protects the pressure disc (3) from becoming clogged with mud and soil when the soil conditions are wet. Thus, in contrast to many planting methods where the risk of the machine becoming clogged with mud means that the machine tends not to be used when the soil conditions are wet, the method and apparatus of the present invention can be used in a wider range of soil conditions, thus providing greater opportunities for planting.

[0167] Figures 7-9 show a second embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the device of Figures 1-6, this device takes the form of a carriage (10) with a support frame (12) mounted on four wheels (14). The frame also carries a jockey wheel (1), a soil cutting disc (2), a pressure disc (3), and four parallel sets of seed tape reels (5) of variable height. Only one of the four sets of seed tape reels is shown in the figures, and the guide rollers are omitted. The front of the carriage (10) is provided with a towing hitch (16) for attaching the carriage to a tractor. The rear of the carriage is provided with a footplate (18) on which an operator (e.g., a farm worker) can stand while the carriage is being towed. A handrail (20) is provided for the operator to hold on to while standing on the footplate (18). The footplate (18) and handrail (20) may be omitted to reduce the weight of the device and minimize rutting in the soil.

[0168] A series of subframe assemblies (21) (four in total in this embodiment) are mounted to the carriage support frame (12). Each subframe assembly mounts a jockey wheel (1), a soil cutting disc (2), and a pressure disc (3). Each subframe assembly comprises a front mounting frame (22) and a rear mounting frame (23). As used herein, the terms "forward" and "rear" refer to the direction of travel of the carriage during use. The cutting disc (2) and jockey wheel (1) are rotatably mounted to the lower end of the front mounting frame (22). The pressure disc (3) is rotatably mounted to the rear mounting frame. The rear mounting frame (23) is attached to the lower part of the front mounting frame (22) at a pivot point (24). The rear mounting frame (23) is restrained from pivoting about the pivot point (24) by a threaded adjustment rod (not shown) connecting the upper parts of the front mounting frame (22) and the rear mounting frame (23). A threaded adjustment rod allows adjustment of the angle between the front mounting frame (22) and the rear mounting frame (23), providing one means of adjusting the force that the pressure disc (3) applies to the underlying soil bed.

[0169] The subframe assembly (21) is attached to the carriage support frame (12) by a pair of parallel linkage arms (25, 26). Each of the four linkage arms is pivotally connected at one end to the front mounting frame (22) and at the other end to a cross rod (27, 28). The linkage arms (25, 26), the front edge of the front mounting frame (22), and the pivot points of the cross rods (27, 28) together form a parallelogram / diamond configuration.

[0170] In the drawings, the connecting arms (25, 26), the front edge of the front mounting frame (22), and the pivot points of the cross rods (27, 28) are shown in a rectangular parallelogram configuration. However, by moving the front mounting frame (22) up or down, this configuration changes from a rectangular parallelogram to a diamond parallelogram, or vice versa. Note that the term "diamond" as used herein includes the unique case of a diamond, where all four sides are equal in length, as well as a true diamond configuration, where there are two sets of sides of unequal length. Similarly, the term "rectangular parallelogram" includes not only the case where all sides are equal in length (i.e., a square configuration), but also the configuration where adjacent sides are unequal in length.

[0171] The ability of the front mounting frame to move up and down provides a means to adjust the force that the pressure disc (3) applies to the underlying soil bed, and therefore the depth to which the seed tape is driven into the soil (penetration depth). The force applied by the pressure disc (3) can be controlled using a spring tensioner (not shown) mounted approximately between diagonally opposite corners of a parallelogram. If the spring tensioner is connected approximately diagonally between the upper pivot point on the mounting frame (22) (i.e., the pivot point to which the upper arm (25) is connected) and a pivot point on the lower cross rod (28), the spring tensioner can be set to bias the mounting frame (22) downward, thereby increasing the force applied by the pressure disc. Conversely, if the spring tensioner is connected in the opposite diagonal direction, i.e., between the lower pivot point on the mounting frame (22) to which the lower arm (26) is connected and the pivot point on the upper cross rod (27), the spring tensioner can be set to bias the mounting frame (22) upward, thereby reducing the force applied by the pressure disc.

[0172] The orientation of the spring tensioner and the degree of tension applied to the spring are typically selected depending on the type of soil. For example, the device may be "factory-set" so that the connecting arms (25, 26), the forward edge of the forward mounting frame (22), and the pivot points of the cross rods (27, 28) form a rectangular parallelogram configuration, and the weight, diameter, and profile of the pressure disc are set to create the desired penetration depth in "normal" or "average" soil, e.g., the most commonly encountered soil types and conditions. If the soil is lighter than average, the spring tensioner is oriented and tensioned to lift the mounting frame (22), thereby reducing the downward force of the pressure disc (3). This prevents the pressure disc (3) from sinking too deeply into the soil and allows the pressure disc (3) to more easily follow the contours of the ground. Conversely, if the soil type is heavier than average, the orientation of the spring tensioner and the spring tension can be set to increase the downward force of the pressure disc (3) against the soil. Alternatively, the "factory setting" may be such that the pivot points of the connecting arms (25, 26), the front edge of the front mounting frame (22) and the cross rods (27, 28) form a diamond-shaped parallelogram.

[0173] It will be appreciated that the spring tensioner may comprise a mechanical spring and a tensioning mechanism, but may alternatively comprise a gas or hydraulic spring and a suitable tensioning mechanism, or indeed another type of force adjusting mechanism. A mechanical (e.g. electronically controlled) actuator could be used instead of a spring tensioner, but the advantage of using a spring tensioner is that the device can absorb undulating movement caused by uneven ground.

[0174] Each of the devices in Figures 1-9 includes a cutting disk for slitting the soil base and a pressing disk for pressing the folded seed tape into the ground. However, it has been found that under certain conditions, such as when the ground is soft, the seed tape can be pressed into the ground without first having to slit it. Therefore, in such situations, a device without a cutting disk can be used, or a device with a cutting disk that can be moved (e.g., by raising it) to remove it from contact with the ground.

[0175] In the apparatus shown in Figures 7-9, the seed tape reel rotates about an axis parallel to the axes of rotation of the cutting disc and the pressing disc, and is therefore in line with the pressing disc. The apparatus of Figure 10 provides an alternative arrangement in which the seed tape reel rotates about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pressing disc.

[0176] Thus, as shown in FIG. 10 , the seed tape (225) is discharged from a seed tape reel (222) mounted to rotate about an axis oriented at an angle of approximately 90° relative to the axis of the pressure disk. After leaving the tape reel (222), the seed tape (225) is rotated approximately 90° by a turn roller (224) and guided to a guide roller (212) and then to a pressure disk (209) (not shown in FIG. 10 ) via the guide roller (212) (see FIGS. 12 and 13 ). It has been found that first unwinding the seed tape transversely to the direction of travel of the apparatus and then rotating it 90° to align it with the pressure disk allows for more accurate centering of the seed tape relative to the pressure disk. This is believed to provide better control of the seed tape tension and minimize lateral drift as the seed tape travels to the pressure disk.

[0177] The turn roller (224) has a concave shape to aid in centering the seed tape, but the exact shape of the turn roller is not critical. The guide roller (212) may also have a slightly concave shape, but this is not required.

[0178] In addition to the advantage that the seed tape reel and turn roller arrangement shown in Figure 10 more accurately centers the seed tape on the pressing disc, a further advantage is that the seed tape reel can be mounted closer to the edge of the carriage, making it easier to access for removal and replacement.

[0179] The seed tape reel is mounted at an angle of 90° to the axis of the pressure disc, but could alternatively be mounted at an angle between 45° and 90°.

[0180] Figure 11 shows the lower part of the apparatus of Figure 10, without the seed tape dispenser shown. Figure 12 is a side view of a subassembly forming part of the apparatus of Figure 10, and Figure 14 is a perspective view of the subassembly of Figure 12, with some parts omitted for clarity.

[0181] The apparatus of this third embodiment of the invention is similar to that of Figures 1 to 9 and takes the form of a carriage including a support frame (213) having four height-adjustable wheel mounts (214) attached to four wheels (215).

[0182] Mounted on the carriage support frame (213) are a series of subassemblies (216) (three in total in this embodiment), each subassembly comprising a front mounting frame (217) and a rear mounting frame (218). As used herein, the terms "forward" and "rear" refer to the direction of movement of the carriage in use. A cutting disc (207) and a jockey wheel (206) are rotatably mounted to the lower end of the front mounting frame (217). A pressing disc (209) is rotatably mounted to the rear mounting frame (218). The rear mounting frame (218) is attached to the lower part of the front mounting frame (217) at a pivot point (219). The rear mounting frame (218) is constrained from pivoting about the pivot point (219) by a threaded adjustment rod (208) connecting the upper parts of the front mounting frame (217) and the rear mounting frame (218). A rotatable handle (208a) on the threaded adjustment rod (208) allows adjustment of the angle between the front mounting frame (217) and the rear mounting frame (218), providing one means of adjusting the force that the pressure disc (209) applies to the underlying soil bed.

[0183] The subassembly 216 is attached to the carriage support frame 213 by a pair of parallel connecting arms 202a, 202b. Each of the upper pair of arms 202a is pivotally connected at one end to a pair of pivot points 201a on the front mounting frame 217 and at the other end to a pair of pivot points 201b on the cross rod 220. Each of the lower pair of connecting arms 202a is pivotally connected at one end to a pair of pivot points 201a on the front mounting frame 217 and at the other end to a pair of pivot points 201d on the cross rod 221. The connecting arms (202a, 202b), the front edges of the front mounting frame (217), and the pivot points (201a, 201b, 201c, 201d) of the transverse rods (220, 221) together form a parallelogram configuration.

[0184] In Figure 12, the connecting arms (202a, 202b), the front edges of the front mounting frame (217), and the pivot points (201) of the cross rods (220, 221) are shown in a rectangular parallelogram configuration. However, by moving the front mounting frame (217) up or down, this configuration changes from a rectangular parallelogram to a diamond-shaped parallelogram, or vice versa, as described above in connection with the device shown in Figures 7-9.

[0185] As shown in FIG. 12, the force applied by the pressure disc (209) to the underlying soil bed and, therefore, the depth to which the seed tape is pressed into the soil can be controlled by using a spring tensioner (204) extending generally diagonally across the parallelogram. In this embodiment, the spring tensioner extends between a crossbar between the generally diagonally extending pivot points (201c) and a crossbar between a pair of pivot points (201e) on a pair of upper arms (202a). Tightening the tensioner (204) using the adjustment handle (203) to increase the spring tension has the effect of pulling on the pivot points 201c and 201b / d, thereby lifting the mounting frame (2017). Thus, in this configuration, the spring tensioner is set to bias the mounting frame (217) upward, thereby reducing the force applied by the pressure disc (209). The biasing direction of the spring tensioner is shown by arrow A in Figure 11. As with the embodiment of Figures 7 to 9 described above, this configuration would typically be used in lighter (e.g. sandy) soils.

[0186] Figure 13 shows the same subassembly as shown in Figure 12, except that in this embodiment the orientation of the spring tensioner (204") is different from the orientation of the spring tensioner (204) in Figure 12. In the arrangement of Figure 13, the spring tensioner (204") extends in generally opposite diagonal directions from a crossbar between a pair of pivot points (201a) on the forward mounting frame (217) to a crossbar between a pair of pivot points (201d) that connect a pair of lower arms (221) to the cross rods (221). Tightening the spring tensioner (204") using the adjustment handle (205) to increase the tension in the spring has the effect of pulling the opposing pivot points (201a) and (201d) together, thereby lowering the front mounting frame (217) downwards. Thus, in this configuration, the spring tensioner is set to bias the mounting frame (217) downwards, thereby increasing the force applied by the pressure disc (209). The biasing direction of the spring tensioner is shown by arrow B in Figure 11. This setting would typically be used in heavier soils or soils covered with debris from the previous crop.

[0187] For "normal" or "average" soils, the spring tensioner is set so that no significant additional upward or downward force is exerted, and arms (202a) and (202b) remain substantially horizontal, i.e., in a rectangular parallelogram configuration. In this configuration, the downward force exerted by pressure wheel (209) and the depth of penetration into the soil are determined by the weight, diameter, and profile of pressure wheel (209). This condition is indicated by double-headed arrow C in FIG. 11. However, it will be understood that instead of a rectangular parallelogram configuration, a "normal" or "average" soil setting may be a diamond parallelogram configuration.

[0188] In the embodiment shown in Figures 7-13, the apparatus has a jockey wheel (1, 206) associated with each pressure disc and cutting disc. However, jockey wheels are not required and are generally only used in very soft soils. In harder soils, unevenness or steps in the ground can cause the jockey wheel to lift the pressure wheel off the ground. When a jockey wheel is used, a screw adjuster (208) can be used to adjust the depth of the wheel print of the pressure wheel (209) relative to the jockey wheel (206).

[0189] The seed tape is guided by the guide rollers (212) to the pressure wheel and is pressed into the underlying soil base either directly by the pressure wheel or, if there is a cutting wheel (207), after the cutting wheel has first slit the ground.

[0190] A typical shape of the pressure disk (209) of the device of Figures 10-13 is shown in Figures 17 and 18. Thus, in this embodiment, the pressure disk consists of a relatively narrow metal (e.g., steel) disk (211) sandwiched between two disks (210) formed of a suitable strong plastic material and having sloping shoulders (210a). The plastic disk can be attached to the metal disk (211) by various means, such as rivets, or by means for easy replacement, such as screws, nuts, and bolts.

[0191] Figure 18 is a close-up view of the pressing disc (209) being pressed into the soil with the seed tape (225) wrapped around the edge of the metal disc (211). The metal disc (211) presses the seed tape (225) into the ground (or into the slit cut by the cutting disc (207), if present), while the angled shoulder (210a) of the plastic disc widens the top of the slit made by the metal disc (211) and / or cutting disc (207).

[0192] The depth to which the seed tape is pressed into the ground depends on the configuration of the pressure disc (209) and the downward load exerted by the pressure disc. However, in the embodiment of Figures 7-18, the depth to which the seeds are planted is determined by positioning the seeds in the seed tape during its manufacture.

[0193] FIG. 15 shows a folded seed tape (225) with three possible positions (DL1, DL2, DL3) for attaching the seed row. Typically, the seed tape has a seed row glued to it at a distance (e.g., DL1) from the edge of the seed tape. The seed row is parallel to, but spaced from, the seed tape fold F. To ensure efficient germination without being hindered by the seed tape's reinforcing layer, the seeds are glued (or embedded) on the side of the seed tape that faces outward when the seed tape is in the ground. The distance between the seed row and the edge of the seed tape determines the depth at which the seeds are planted. Thus, the seed row at distance DL1 from the edge of the seed tape is closest to the surface, while the seed row at distance DL3 is furthest from the surface. The seed row can be positioned on the seed tape very precisely during manufacturing. This allows for very precise control over the depth to which the seed tape is pressed into the ground during planting, and very precise control over the position of the seed row on the seed tape during manufacturing. Combining these two factors means that planting seeds at desired seed densities and seed depths can be achieved very precisely using the methods and apparatus of the present invention.

[0194] (Equivalent) The above-described embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to have any limiting effect. It will be readily apparent that numerous modifications and variations can be made to the particular embodiments illustrated without departing from the underlying principles of the present invention. All such variations and variations are intended to be encompassed by this application, e.g., as defined by the claims set forth herein.

[0195] For the avoidance of doubt, it should be noted that any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for sowing seeds carried by a seed tape into a soil base, comprising the step of advancing a carriage along the soil base, the carriage comprising a rotary soil cutting disc, a seed tape feeder, and a rotary pressure disc mounted in line on the carriage behind the soil cutting disc; (i) the rotating soil cutting disk cuts a longitudinally extending, generally vertical slit as the carriage advances along the soil bed; (ii) feeding the seed tape in front of the pressure disk by the seed tape feeder, and contacting the seed tape with the pressure disk so that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disk is aligned approximately centrally between two edges of the seed tape; (iii) As the carriage advances, the pressing disk sequentially forms longitudinal folds in the seed tape and sequentially presses the folded seed tape into the slit, so that after being pressed into the slit, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward and the two edges of the seed tape face upward, creating a vertical gap between the two edges and the top end of the slit.

2. 1. A method for sowing seeds carried by a seed tape into a soil substrate, comprising: (i) providing an apparatus including a seed tape feeder and a carriage carrying a rotating pressure disk, the apparatus including a force adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressure force exerted by the pressure disk against the soil base; (ii) using the force adjustment mechanism to select a force setting for the pressure disc to provide a desired degree of penetration of the pressure disc into the soil base; (ii) feeding the seed tape in front of the pressure disk and contacting the seed tape with the pressure disk so that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disk is approximately centered between two edges of the seed tape; (iv) advancing the carriage along a path, wherein as the carriage advances, the pressing disc sequentially forms longitudinal folds in the seed tape and sequentially presses the folded seed tape against the soil base, so that after being pressed against the soil base, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward and two edges of the seed tape face upward and are below ground level; A method comprising:

3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the longitudinal fold is formed along a line approximating the centerline of the seed tape, i.e., along its longitudinal axis of symmetry.

4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein (i) the slit (if present) is formed to have an enlarged region at its upper end, or (ii) or (ii) if the seed tape is pressed directly onto the soil base without first forming a slit, an enlarged region or channel is formed above the folded seed tape after the folded seed tape is pressed onto the soil base.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the enlarged region has a generally V-shaped cross section.

6. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the depth of the slit (including its enlarged upper end), or optionally the enlarged area or channel, is selected to be greater than the vertical dimension of the seed tape when it is pressed into the slit, so as to create a vertical space below the folded seed tape into which roots of germinated seeds can grow.

7. 1. An apparatus for use in sowing seeds carried by a seed tape into a soil substrate, the apparatus comprising a carriage, the carriage having a rotatable soil cutting disc, a seed tape feeder, and a rotatable pressure disc mounted in line on the carriage behind the soil cutting disc, the apparatus in use comprising: (i) the rotating soil cutting disk cuts a series of substantially vertical slits as the carriage advances along the soil bed; (ii) the seed tape is fed in front of the pressing disk by the seed tape feeder, and the seed tape is brought into contact with the pressing disk so that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressing disk is aligned approximately centered between two edges of the seed tape; (iii) As the carriage advances, the pressing disk sequentially forms longitudinal folds in the seed tape and sequentially presses the folded seed tape into the slit, so that after being pressed into the slit, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward and the two edges of the seed tape face upward, creating a vertical gap between the two edges and the upper end of the slit.

8. 1. An apparatus for use in sowing seeds carried by a seed tape into a soil substrate, the apparatus comprising a carriage, the carriage comprising a seed tape feeder and a rotating pressure disc mounted on the carriage, the apparatus in use comprising: (i) the seed tape is fed in front of the pressure disk by the seed tape feeder, and the seed tape is brought into contact with the pressure disk so that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disk is aligned approximately centrally between two edges of the seed tape; (iii) the pressing disc sequentially forms longitudinal folds in the seed tape, and sequentially presses the folded seed tape into the slit as the carriage advances, so that after being pressed into the soil base, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward and the two edges of the seed tape face upward, creating vertical gaps between the two edges and the upper end of the soil base; The apparatus includes a force adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressing force exerted by the pressing disc against the soil base.

9. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a rotating soil cutting disk in front of the pressure disk for cutting slits.

10. 10. The device according to claim 7, wherein the pressure disc is arranged to form a longitudinal fold along a line approximating the centerline of the seed tape, i.e. along its longitudinal axis of symmetry.

11. 10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the pressing disk has a surface shape such that (i) the upper end of the slit (if present) is expanded laterally while the folded seed tape is pressed into the slit, or (ii) no slit is initially formed, and an expanded area or channel is formed above the folded seed tape after the seed tape is pressed into the soil base.

12. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the surface profile of the pressure disk has shoulders on one or both sides of the pressure disk that contact the upper end of the slit (if present) during pressing, thereby laterally expanding the upper end of the slit or forming the enlarged region or channel.

13. 13. The apparatus of embodiment 12, wherein the pressure disc has angled shoulders on either side, the angled shoulders configured to form a generally V-shaped enlarged region or channel.

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the seed tape feeder comprises a roll of the seed tape and one or more guide rollers for guiding the seed tape into position.

15. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the roll of seed tape is mounted so that the seed tape is first unwound in a generally horizontal direction, and then the direction of travel of the seed tape is rotated by a turn roller so that the seed tape is aligned with the pressure disk.

16. 1. A method for sowing seeds carried by a seed tape into a soil substrate, comprising: (i) cutting a longitudinally extending substantially vertical slit along the soil base; (ii) feeding the seed tape in front of a pressure disk and contacting the seed tape with the pressure disk so that the peripheral pressing edge of the pressure disk is approximately centered between two edges of the seed tape; (iii) advancing the pressing disk along a path aligned with the slit to sequentially form longitudinal folds in the seed tape and sequentially press the folded seed tape into the slit, so that after being pressed into the slit, the longitudinal folds of the seed tape face downward, the two edges of the seed tape face upward, and a vertical gap is formed between the two edges and the upper end of the slit.

17. A method according to claim 16, carried out using an apparatus as defined in any one of claims 9 to 16.

18. The invention as defined in any one of embodiments 1.0 to 1.28 and embodiments 2.0 to 2.25.

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