Three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam

Abstract

A system and apparatus for three-dimensional display. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional display device includes a light source comprising a plurality of illuminating elements and a plurality of lenses configured to generate a plurality of light beams, and an optical interference element configured to generate a plurality of fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams corresponding to the plurality of light beams.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to three-dimensional display devices, and more particularly, to three-dimensional display devices and their components using sector rib-shaped light beams.

Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, for example, based on the principles of holographic projection, lenticular gratings, or volumetric 3D, naked-eye three-dimensional displays can be realized.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a light source including a plurality of lighting elements and a plurality of lenses configured to generate a plurality of light beams, and an optical interference element configured to generate a sector rib-shaped light beam corresponding to each of the plurality of light beams, wherein two adjacent sector rib-shaped light beams among the plurality of sector rib-shaped light beams have an angular interval greater than five (5) milliradians, and provide a three-dimensional display device.

[0004] Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a first grating including a light-receiving surface configured to receive light emitted from a projection unit, the first grating facing the light-receiving surface and further including a first inner surface configured to emit light from the first grating and including a plurality of first protrusions, and a second grating configured to receive light from the first grating, the second grating facing the first inner surface of the first grating and including a second inner surface including a plurality of second protrusions, and the second grating including a light-emitting surface configured to emit a sector rib-shaped light beam having a uniform or Lambertian energy distribution, and provide a grating device for providing a uniform or Lambertian energy distribution to the sector rib-shaped light beam.

[0005] Any embodiment of the present disclosure provides a light field display system comprising: a light source including a plurality of illuminating elements and a plurality of lenses configured to generate a plurality of light beams; an optical interferometer configured to generate a plurality of fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams for each of the plurality of light beams; an eye-tracking system including one or more sensors configured to track a viewer's eyes and generate tracking information; and one or more processors configured to control the plurality of illuminating elements in part based on the tracking information.

[0006] Although several embodiments have been disclosed, other embodiments of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which illustrates explanatory embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the drawings and detailed description should be considered explanatory and not restrictive in nature. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0007] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device that generates and uses a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A] This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device that generates and uses a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2B] This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device that generates and uses a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] This is an illustrative graph of the light intensity distribution after multi-beam interference. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of optical equipment and light sources for a three-dimensional display device using two groups of fan-shaped rib-like light beams according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] This is a schematic diagram of optical equipment and light sources for a three-dimensional display device using two groups of fan-shaped rib-like light beams according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] This is an exploded schematic diagram of an optical device for a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the optical instrument. [Figure 8] This is an exemplary virtual image formed using the optical instrument shown in Figure 6 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] This is a schematic diagram of the beam direction used in relation to the optical instrument shown in Figure 6 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] This is a schematic diagram of an optical device and illumination element for a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] This is a schematic diagram of an optical device and illumination element for a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] This is a schematic diagram of an optical instrument and illumination element for a three-dimensional display device that provides multiple imaging planes using two groups of fan-shaped rib-like light beams according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] This is a schematic diagram of an optical interference element for a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] This is a schematic diagram of a grid member for a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 15] This figure shows the field of view when the beam according to the embodiment of this disclosure is normally incident on the grid member shown in Figure 14. [Figure 16] This figure shows the azimuth angle when the beam according to the embodiment of this disclosure is incident on the grid member shown in Figure 14 at an inclination. [Figure 17] This is a schematic diagram of a grid member for a three-dimensional display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 18] This figure shows the field of view when the beam according to the embodiment of this disclosure is normally incident on the grid member shown in Figure 17. [Figure 19] This figure shows the azimuth angle when the beam according to the embodiment of this disclosure is incident on the grid member shown in Figure 17 at an inclination. [Figure 20] This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] This is a schematic diagram of a relatively large aperture that provides a relatively small depth of field. [Figure 22] This is a schematic diagram of a relatively small aperture that provides a relatively large depth of field. [Figure 23]Schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device for generating a plurality of images according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 24] Schematic diagram showing an interpretation of wave theory. [Figure 25] Schematic diagram showing an interpretation of wave theory. [Figure 26] Schematic diagram showing the difference between fan-shaped rib light and fan-shaped light according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 27] Schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein two light beams do not enter the viewer's pupil simultaneously. [Figure 28] Schematic diagram showing the scattering angle problem when beams of adjacent pixels enter the viewer's eye. [Figure 29] Schematic diagram showing two fan-shaped rib light beams that cause mutual influence between the viewer's two eyes, and the beams of adjacent pixels enter the viewer's eyes. [Figure 30] Schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 31] Schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib light beam according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 32] Schematic supplementary resolution diagram of two fan-shaped rib light beams generated by a three-dimensional display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 33] Schematic supplementary resolution diagram of two fan-shaped rib light beams generated by a three-dimensional display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 34] Schematic diagram of the opening direction of a fan-shaped rib light beam in an exemplary case where a vector pixel forms a virtual image according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 35] Schematic diagram in an exemplary case where a vector pixel forms a real image according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 36] Shows the divergence angle of individual light beams and the angular spacing between adjacent light beams according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 37]The following are exemplary parameters of a light beam generated by a 3D display device according to some embodiments of this disclosure. [Figure 38] Examples of the divergence angles of light beams generated by 3D display devices according to some embodiments of this disclosure are shown. [Figure 39] This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device that utilizes eye-tracking features using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 40] This is a schematic diagram of a multipoint display visible to the viewer's eye according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 41] This is a schematic diagram of a system including a three-dimensional display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 42] This is a schematic diagram showing components and processes of a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0008] While this disclosure allows for various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail below. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. On the contrary, this disclosure is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative forms that fall within the scope of this disclosure as set forth in the appended claims. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] The following detailed description is illustrative in nature and is not intended to limit in any way the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Conversely, the following description provides several practical illustrations for carrying out exemplary embodiments of the disclosure. Examples of structure, materials, and / or size are provided for selected elements. Those skilled in the art should recognize that many of the examples mentioned have multiple suitable alternatives.

[0010] Unless otherwise stated, all figures used in the specification and claims to represent the size, quantity and physical properties of features should be understood in all instances as modified by the term “approximately.” Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters described in the specification and appended claims are approximations and may vary depending on the attributes that a person skilled in the art seeks to obtain using the teachings disclosed herein. The use of endpoint-to-numerical ranges includes all figures within this range (e.g., 1 through 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5) and any figures within this range.

[0011] Descriptive methods may be shown by one or more diagrams (e.g., flowcharts, communication flows, etc.), but the diagrams should not be interpreted as implying any requirements or specific order in or between the various steps disclosed herein. However, some embodiments may require a certain order between certain steps and / or between certain steps, such as those clearly explained herein and / or inferred from the nature of the steps themselves (e.g., the performance of a step may depend on the result of a previous step). Also, a “set,” “subset,” or “group” of projects (e.g., inputs, algorithms, data values, etc.) may include one or more projects, and similarly, a subset or subgroup of projects may include one or more projects. “Multiple” means one or more.

[0012] As used in this paper, the term "based on" is not restrictive, but rather indicates that a decision, recognition, prediction, calculation, and / or similar action is performed by using at least the term preceding "based on" as input. For example, predicting an outcome based on one particular piece of information may, additionally or alternatively, be based on another piece of information. In some embodiments, the term "receive" or "receiving" means to retrieve data from a data repository (e.g., a database), from another system or service, from another piece of software, or from another software component in the same software. In some embodiments, the term "access" or "accessing" means to retrieve data or information, and / or generate data or information.

[0013] Three-dimensional display systems typically generate a fan-shaped light beam in one of several ways, for example, by opening up collimated light with a unidirectional scattering device, or by shaping spherical scattered light with a slit or grating. For these systems, the viewer's left and right eyes are exposed to different fan-shaped light beams, receiving different information when viewing the same point. Consequently, the light emitted from these systems lacks depth information, and the eye's focus is fixed on the screen of these systems. As a result, the eye's focusing adjustment does not match this sense of depth, leading to visual vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC), also known as focusing competition. Such competition, being contrary to human physiological capabilities, causes visual fatigue and dizziness. In some embodiments, these problems are solved by the device according to this disclosure using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam.

[0014] In some embodiments, a fan-shaped rib-like light beam is a plurality of light beams having a convergence point and having an angle (also called an interval angle) between two adjacent light beams at the convergence point. In some embodiments, each light beam in the fan-shaped rib-like light beam has a spreading emission angle. In some examples, each light beam in the fan-shaped rib-like light beam has a spreading angle of about 1 milliradian. In some embodiments, the fan-shaped rib-like light beam may be generated using one or more light sources and one or more optical interference elements. In some embodiments, the light source includes one or more vector pixels. In some embodiments, the vector pixels are optical instruments that satisfy at least one of the following conditions: 1) generate a light beam with a narrow spreading angle (e.g., not exceeding 1 milliradian, not exceeding 2 milliradian, etc.).

[0015] In some embodiments, for relatively large display scales, the light source may be approximated as an emitting light source (e.g., the light source occupies only one-thousandth of the display area). In some examples, the majority of the beam emitted into space has the attribute that, when the light intensity decreases to 50% of the beam's maximum light intensity, all minimum spatial spherical angles with respect to the beam boundary, centered on the light source, can be less than 10 degrees. In some embodiments, a vector pixel is an illumination element comprising a light-emitting element array (e.g., one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), one or more micro-LEDs, one or more OLEDs (organic LEDs), etc.) and one or more optical elements. In some embodiments, one or more vector pixels and one or more optical elements are integrated into a display chip. In some embodiments, the vector pixel may be used to generate the aforementioned light beam that can be divided into 100 or more directions. In some embodiments, the vector pixel may generate the above light beam emitted simultaneously in two or more directions (e.g., in the same time, within a small time frame, within a time frame having sub-seconds). In some embodiments, a 3D display system using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam can improve imaging quality, specifically generating 3D images.

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional (3D) display device (e.g., a 3D light field display system) 100 that generates and uses a fan-shaped rib-like light beam 102 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, as shown in the figure, the device 100 includes a light source 104, also called a projection unit 104, which is used to emit a light beam that ultimately provides an image produced by the device 100. In some embodiments, each light source 104 includes an illumination element 106 and an imaging lens 110. In some embodiments, the illumination element 106 (which may include, for example, one or more optical and / or electrical elements of imaging pixels (e.g., an imaging pixel array)) may be one or more LEDs, one or more microLEDs, one or more LCDs, one or more OLEDs, laser arrays and / or similar. In some embodiments, as shown in the figure, the light source 104 includes an illumination element 106, one or more optical devices 108 and an imaging lens 110. In some embodiments, each illuminating element 106 emits a light beam directed toward one of the optical devices 108, and each optical device 108 contributes to increasing the integrity of the beam emission angle and / or the resolution of the display device 100 by multiplexing the light beams and compensating for the spacing between the light beams. In some embodiments, one or more optical devices 108 and one or more lenses 110 are integrated.

[0017] In some embodiments, each optical device 108 emits a light beam directed toward one of the lenses 110, and each lens 110 focuses the light beam. In some embodiments, each lens 110 emits a light beam 103 directed toward an optical interference element 112 (more specifically, a lattice element 112, also called an optical film 112), generating a fan-shaped rib-like light beam 102. Although the illustrated embodiments include one light source 104 (e.g., a vector pixel) and one optical interference element 112, the 3D display device 100 may include multiple light sources (e.g., 100 light sources) and interference elements 112 (e.g., an optical film, a curved continuous interference element 112, a flat continuous interference element 112, and a cylindrical continuous interference element 112, etc.).

[0018] In some embodiments, two or more fan-shaped rib-like light beams 102 form an imaging point (e.g., located on the imaging plane 116), also called a focal point or display pixel. According to some embodiments, the spatial position of the imaging point (e.g., display pixel) of the two or more fan-shaped rib-like light beams 102 is determined by the distance between the illuminating element 106 and the lens 110. In some embodiments, the position on the imaging plane 116 is determined by the distance between the illuminating element 106 and the lens 110. In some embodiments, a first distance between the illuminating element 106 and the lens 110 forms a first imaging point (e.g., a first display pixel) of the fan-shaped rib-like light beam 102, and a second distance between the illuminating element 106 and the lens 110 forms a second imaging point (e.g., a second display pixel) of the fan-shaped rib-like light beam 102. In some embodiments, the first imaging point has a different spatial position from the second imaging point. In some embodiment, the first viewing distance between the first imaging point and the viewer's eye (e.g., pupil) is different from the second viewing distance from the viewer's eye.

[0019] In some embodiments, the spatial positions of two or more imaging points of a fan-shaped rib-like light beam 102 are determined by the focal length of the lens 110. In some embodiments, the first focal length of the lens 110 forms the first imaging point (e.g., the first display pixel) of the fan-shaped rib-like light beam 102, and the second focal length of the lens 110 forms the second imaging point (e.g., the second display pixel) of the fan-shaped rib-like light beam 102. In some embodiments, the first imaging point has a different spatial position from the second imaging point. In some embodiments, the first viewing distance between the first imaging point and the viewer's eye (e.g., pupil) is different from the second viewing distance from the viewer's eye.

[0020] In some embodiments, the grid member 112 may include a plurality of groove structures having intervals not exceeding 50 micrometers (e.g., the distance between adjacent groove structures). In some embodiments, the grid member 112 has intervals not exceeding 140 micrometers. In contrast, the grid members of conventional 3D display devices have intervals of at least 200 micrometers and cannot generate fan-shaped rib-like light beams. In some embodiments, each of at least some of the imaging pixels of the plurality of imaging pixels in the illumination element 106 is configured to provide light beams to multiple intervals (e.g., 50-micrometer intervals) of the grid member 112. In some embodiments, compared to conventional 3D display devices, the plurality of imaging pixels in the illumination element are configured to provide light beams to a single interval (e.g., 300-micrometer intervals) of the grid member.

[0021] In some embodiment, the light beam 102 generated by the device 100 forms one or more images (e.g., imaging planes). For example, the 3D display device 100 generates a first image (e.g., a first imaging plane, virtual image plane) 114 of the (multiple) illumination elements 106 for the (multiple) optical devices 108 and a second image (e.g., a second imaging plane, real image plane) formed from the first image 114 for the (multiple) lenses 110.

[0022] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device 200A that generates and uses a fan-shaped rib-like light beam 202A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, as shown in the figure, the device 200A includes a light source 204A (e.g., a projection unit) used to emit a light beam that ultimately provides the image produced by the device 200A. In some embodiments, each light source 204A includes an illumination element 206A and an imaging lens 208A. In some embodiments, the illumination element 206A includes one or more imaging pixels (e.g., an imaging pixel array, an imaging pixel matrix, etc.), one or more LEDs, one or more microLEDs, one or more LCDs, one or more OLEDs, a laser array and / or similar. In some embodiments, a vector pixel includes an array of light-emitting elements. In some embodiments, as shown in the figure, the light source 204A includes one or more illumination elements 206A and one or more imaging lenses 208A. In some embodiment, each illuminating element 206A emits a light beam directed toward one of the lenses 208A, and each lens 208A emits light directed toward an optical interference element 210A that generates a fan-shaped rib-like light beam 202A.

[0023] Continuing to refer to Figure 2A, in some embodiment, a “sectoral rib-shaped light beam” is light that originates from a single point and propagates as a single light beam in a slightly discrete direction, with an interval angle θ between adjacent light beams. In some embodiment, the interval angle θ is specified so that the beams at the closest viewing point at the viewing distance do not enter the same eye of the viewer at the same time. On the other hand, in some embodiment, the first of two adjacent light beams of the sectoral rib-shaped light beam enters the viewer's pupil at the same time, while the second of two adjacent light beams of the sectoral rib-shaped light beam does not enter the viewer's pupil. For example, in some embodiment, when using an average pupil diameter of 4 mm and a closest viewing distance of 0.5 m, and / or an average viewing distance of 6 m, the interval angle θ of the sectoral rib-shaped light beam is greater than 8 milliradians. In some embodiments, the spacing angle θ of the fan-shaped rib-like light beams is greater than 5 milliradians, greater than 8 milliradians, greater than 10 milliradians, or greater than 13 milliradians. As another example, in some embodiments, the spacing angle θ of the fan-shaped rib-like light beams differs for different light beams 203A, for example, light beams with different optical attributes (e.g., spectrum, color, intensity, etc.) from lens 208A. In some embodiments, the spacing angle of adjacent light beams is greater than twice the beam divergence angle.

[0024] Referencing Figure 2A and additionally Figure 3, in some embodiments, the fan-shaped rib-like light beam is formed primarily by utilizing the phenomenon of light interference. In some embodiments, the beam spacing angle formed by interference can be varied by light of different colors, so the use of additional optical equipment can be considered during the design period. In some embodiments, the spacing angle formed by a green (~520 nm) light beam is 10 milliradians, the spacing angle formed by a blue (450 nm) light beam is 9 milliradians, and the spacing angle formed by a red (630 nm) light beam is 13 milliradians. In some embodiments, a part of the high-speed movement of the 3D display system (e.g., illuminating elements, vector pixels, light poles, display screens, etc.) moves in such a way that the light field display of the fan-shaped rib-like light beam contributes to providing one or more of the following advantages and considerations.

[0025] (A) In some embodiments, beams of fan-shaped rib-like light in different directions are focused at different positions on the imaging plane (also called the imaging plane). When the viewer's eye is at a different angle corresponding to different fan-shaped rib-like light beams, the fan-shaped rib-like light beams can provide visual information to the eye at the focal point of the fan-shaped rib-like beam.

[0026] (B) In some embodiment, if the spacing angle of one group (e.g., the first group) of fan-shaped rib-like light beams is relatively large, another light source (e.g., an illumination element and a lens pair) can work together with an optical interference element to provide another group (e.g., the second group) of fan-shaped rib-like light beams to compensate for the spacing angle, so that the fan-shaped rib-like light beams of the first group and the fan-shaped rib-like light beams of the second group are complementary, for example, thereby achieving imaging completeness (e.g., a viewer can see a complete 3D image). In some embodiments, the fan-shaped rib-like light beams of the first group and the fan-shaped rib-like light beams of the second group are interlocked.

[0027] (C) In some embodiments, the fan-shaped rib-like light beam passes through the lens 208A and the optical interference element 210A, and then forms different display pixels on the display panel at different positions.

[0028] (D) In ​​some embodiment, if there are multiple viewers, in order to avoid interference of display pixels, there is only one viewpoint at the same time in the aperture direction of the fan-shaped rib-like light beam, and multiple viewpoints in a direction perpendicular to the aperture direction of the fan-shaped rib-like light beam.

[0029] Continuing to refer to Figure 2A, in some embodiments, the optical interference element 210A is a lattice member 210A also called an optical film. In some embodiments, the lattice member 210A consists of only a single layer or is a single-layer structure. In some embodiments, the lattice member 210A includes a planar light-receiving surface 212A and a non-planar light-emitting surface 214A. In some embodiments, the non-planar light-emitting surface 214A includes a plurality of elongated protrusions 216A. In some embodiments, the protrusions 216A are convex protrusions. In some embodiments, the protrusions 216A are curved protrusions. In some embodiments, the protrusions 216A are semi-cylindrical protrusions. In some embodiments, for example, if the protrusions 216A are semi-cylindrical protrusions, the lattice member 210A may be called a lenticular lattice member.

[0030] In some embodiments, the protrusions 216A of the grid member 210A have spacings smaller than 50 micrometers (e.g., the distance between adjacent groove structures). In some embodiments, the protrusions 216A of the grid member 210A have spacings smaller than 100 micrometers (e.g., the distance between adjacent groove structures). In contrast, the protrusions of the grid member in the aforementioned 3D display device have spacings of at least 200 micrometers, making it impossible to generate a fan-shaped rib-like light beam. In some embodiments, each of at least some of the multiple imaging pixels in the illumination element 206A is configured to provide a light beam to multiple spacings of the grid member 210A. In some embodiments, for the aforementioned 3D display device, the multiple imaging pixels are configured to provide a light beam to a single spacing of the grid member.

[0031] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional (3D) display device 200B that generates and uses a fan-shaped rib-like light beam. In some embodiments, the 3D display device 200B generates multiple groups of fan-shaped rib-like light beams 202B by including one or more illuminating elements 206B, one or more lenses 208B, and an optical interference element (e.g., a grid element) 212B. In some embodiments, the illuminating element 206B includes an imaging pixel 206B_1, an imaging pixel 206B_2, and other preferred imaging pixels (e.g., imaging pixels in a matrix). In some embodiments, the imaging pixel 206B_1 generates light beams 203B_1_1 and 203B_1_2 and other possible light beams via the lens 208B. In some embodiments, the light beams 203B_1_1 and 203B_1_2 irradiate the optical interference element 212B at different intervals. In some embodiments, the imaging pixel 206B_1 can generate a light beam that illuminates the optical interference element 212B at intervals of three or more through the lens 208B. In some embodiments, the imaging pixel 206B_1 can generate a light beam that illuminates the optical interference element 212B at intervals of five or more through the lens 208B. In some embodiments, the imaging pixel 206B_2 generates light beams 203B_2_1 and 203B_2_2 and other possible light beams through the lens 208B. In some embodiments, the light beams 203B_2_1 and 203B_2_2 illuminate the optical interference element 212B at different intervals. In some embodiments, the imaging pixel 206B_2 can generate a light beam that illuminates the optical interference element 212B at intervals of three or more through the lens 208B. In some embodiment, the imaging pixel 206B_2 can generate a light beam that illuminates five or more optical interference elements 212B at intervals of 208B.

[0032] In some embodiments, the imaging pixel 206B_1 in the illumination element 206 generates a first group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams 202B_1_1 and a second group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams 202B_1_2 via the optical interference element 212B. In some embodiments, the imaging pixel 206B_2 in the illumination element 206 generates a first group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams 202B_2_1 and a second group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams 202B_2_2 via the optical interference element 212B. In some embodiments, a group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to an image pixel (e.g., 202B_1_1, 202B_1_2, 202B_2_1, 202B_2_2, etc.) is configured to generate one or more imaging points (e.g., focal points). For example, the group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams 202B_1_1 can generate an imaging point 220B_1. As an example, the fan-shaped rib-like light beam 202B_2_1 of the group can generate imaging point 220B_2.

[0033] In some embodiments, a fan-shaped rib-like light beam corresponding to imaging pixel 206B_1 and a fan-shaped rib-like light beam corresponding to imaging pixel 206B_2 can generate imaging point 220B_3. In some embodiments, at least two of imaging points 220B_1, 220B_2, and 220B_3 are in different spatial positions. In some embodiments, at least two of imaging points 220B_1, 220B_2, and 220B_3 are at different distances from the viewer's eye (e.g., the viewer's pupil). In some embodiments, imaging pixel 206B_1 and imaging point 206B_2 are on different illumination elements. In some embodiments, imaging pixel 206B_1 is on illumination element 206B, and a second imaging pixel (not shown) is on a second illumination pixel different from illumination element 206B.

[0034] Figure 4 shows an optical device 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, more specifically a V-shaped lens 300, and an illumination element 302 used to generate one or more light beams used by a three-dimensional display device. In some embodiments, the optical device 300 and the imaging lens are integrated. In some embodiments, the V-shaped lens 300 includes a first lens member 304 and a second lens member 306, one or both of which are made of flat glass. In some embodiments, the first lens member 304 and the second lens member 306 are bonded together. In some embodiments, a light-shielding piece 308 is provided between the first lens member 304 and the second lens member 306 to prevent light from passing between the members 304 and 306. In some embodiments, the first lens member 304 and the second lens member 306 form an angle greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the first lens member 304 has a first refractive index, and the second lens member 306 has a second refractive index different from the first refractive index. In some embodiments, the first refractive index is approximately 1.5 and the second refractive index is approximately 1.8. In some embodiments, the illumination element 302 has a general surface 310, the first lens member 304 and the general surface 310 form a first angle, and the second lens member 306 and the general surface 310 form a second angle, and the first angle and / or the second angle are greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. In some embodiments, the first angle and the second angle are usually equal. In some embodiments, the first angle and the second angle are different. In some embodiments, both the first angle and the second angle are approximately 15 degrees.

[0035] Referring further to Figure 4 and additionally to Figure 5, in some embodiments, the general surface 310 is limited to the XY plane, and the Z direction is perpendicular to the general surface 310. In some embodiments, light from the first pixel 312 passes through the first lens member 304 and the second lens member 306, respectively, to form the first virtual image point 314 and the second virtual image point 316. In some embodiments, both the first virtual image point 314 and the second virtual image point 316 are offset from the first pixel 312 in the Y and Z directions. In some embodiments, the distance between the first virtual image point 314 and the second virtual image point 316 in the Y direction is h, and the distance between the first virtual image point 314 and the second virtual image point 316 in the Z direction is d. In some embodiments, when the beam forming the virtual image passes through the imaging lens behind the V-shaped lens 300, two imaging points are created. In some embodiments, the spacing angle between two imaging points is determined by h, and assuming a pupillary distance of 60 mm within a viewing distance of 0.5 m to 6 m, the two beams of light do not simultaneously enter both eyes of the viewer. In some embodiments, d determines the positional difference between the two imaging points of the beam. In some embodiments, for example, if the imaging lens has a focal length of f = 3 mm and d = 22.6 μm, the beam corresponding to the first virtual image point 314 can be imaged at a point 0.5 m from the lens, and the second virtual image point 316 is located at the focal plane of the imaging lens, with the image at -2 m. That is, the type of image after passing through the imaging lens of the first virtual image point 314 and the second virtual image point 316 (e.g., all real or all virtual, or one virtual and one real) can be changed by changing the size of d. In some embodiments, the function of the V-shaped lens 300 is similar to that of a bifocal lens, that is, to form a two-fan-shaped rib beam with a single pixel. In some embodiments, the imaging position can be changed by changing the refractive angle and refractive index of the V-shaped lens 300. In some embodiments, the resolution in the Y and X directions can be supplemented by adjusting the angle between the V-shaped lens 300 and the Y direction.

[0036] Figures 6 and 7 show an optical instrument 400 for a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, more specifically a multifocal lens 400, and even more specifically a bifocal lens 400. In some embodiments, the optical instrument 400 and the imaging lens are integrated. In some embodiments, the illumination element has a fixed pixel size and a constant aperture ratio, so that the beam emitted from the imaging lens is not continuous during the imaging period. Therefore, in some embodiments, the beam of the display pixels is discrete in the moving scanning direction of the lens, and the emission angle of the pixels may be incomplete. In some embodiments, the optical instrument 400 improves the completeness of imaging of the display pixels by increasing the density of the beam emitted from the imaging lens. In some embodiment, the bifocal lens 400 is constructed by cutting a complete lens in the middle to form a first semi-cylindrical lens portion 402 and a second semi-cylindrical lens portion 404 (also called crescent-shaped 402 and 404), blackening the cut surface and bonding them together, wherein the centers of the first semi-cylindrical lens portion 402 and the second semi-cylindrical lens portion 404 are separated by a predetermined distance.

[0037] Referring further to Figures 6 and 7, and additionally to Figures 8 and 9, in some embodiments, the beam emitted from the pixel passes through the first semi-cylindrical lens portion 402 and the second semi-cylindrical lens portion 404, after which two imaging points exist in the virtual image 406. In some embodiments, the distance between the left imaging point and the right imaging point is (n+1 / 2)* interval. In some embodiments, after the two left and right imaging points pass through the imaging lens 408, two more imaging points exist. In some embodiments, after passing through the optical interference element, the imaging beams from the two imaging points form two fan-shaped rib-like light beams on the left and right sides. In some embodiments, by changing the center distance between the first semi-cylindrical lens portion 402 and the second semi-cylindrical lens portion 404, it is suppressed that the two fan-shaped rib-like light beams are visible to the viewer at the same time within a predetermined viewing distance.

[0038] Referring further to Figures 6 to 9, in some embodiments, after bifocal imaging of the illumination element, the pixel spacing of the virtual image 406 becomes denser in the horizontal direction. In some embodiments, two rows of pixels 410 are images formed when pixels of the same row of the illumination element pass through the bifocal lens 400. In some embodiments, after passing through the imaging lens 408, the number of beams generated from these images is twice the number of beams from the illumination element directly imaged by the lens. In some embodiments, one light beam of a display pixel passes through the bifocal lens 400, the imaging lens 408, and the optical interference element to form two unidirectional fan-shaped rib beams.

[0039] Figure 10 shows an optical instrument 500 (more specifically a multifocal lens 500, and even more specifically a bifocal lens 500) and an illumination element 502 for a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, when the first focal length of the bifocal lens 500 is equal to the second focal length of the bifocal lens 500, or when f1 = f2, one light beam of the first pixel 504 of the illumination element 502 forms two fan-shaped rib-like light beams after passing through the bifocal lens 500 and the imaging lens. In some embodiments, there are two imaging points on the image surface. In some embodiments, the alignment direction of the two imaging points is parallel to the crossover line of the focal points of the bifocal lens 500, thereby forming two fan-shaped rib-like light beams, which increases the resolution in the direction of movement and / or increases the resolution in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement.

[0040] Figure 11 shows an optical instrument 600 (more specifically a multifocal lens 600, and even more specifically a bifocal lens 600) and an illumination element 602 for a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the bifocal lens 600 has an angular rotation from the bifocal lens 500 in Figure 10, which can increase the vertical resolution of the display panel.

[0041] Figure 12 shows an optical instrument 700 (more specifically a multifocal lens 700, and even more specifically a bifocal lens 700) and an illumination element 702 for a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiment, if the first focal length of the bifocal lens 700 is different from the second focal length of the bifocal lens 700, or if f1 ≠ f2, then one light beam of the display pixel forms two imaging points 704 and 706 after passing through the bifocal lens 700 and the imaging lens. In some embodiments, as shown in the figure, the two imaging points may include a virtual image and a real image. In some embodiments, both imaging points may be real pixels. In some embodiments, both imaging points may be virtual images.

[0042] Figure 13 shows an optical interference element 800 for a three-dimensional display device using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, more specifically a lattice member 800, and even more specifically a conjugate lattice member 800. In some embodiments, the lattice member 800 receives a light beam with a small divergence angle emitted from an illumination element and an optical element, generating a uniform or Lambertsian energy distribution used for a fan-shaped rib-like light beam. In some embodiments, the lattice member 800 includes a first lenticular lattice 802 (also called the first lattice) and a second lenticular lattice 804 (also called the second lattice). In some embodiments, the first lenticular lattice 802 includes a light-receiving surface 806 configured to receive light emitted from the illumination element. In some embodiments, the first lenticular lattice further includes a first internal surface 808 facing the light-receiving surface 806 and configured to emit light from the first lenticular lattice 802. In some embodiments, the first internal surface 808 includes a plurality of first protrusions 810. In some embodiments, as shown in the figure, one or more of the multiple first protrusions 810 are cylindrical protrusions. In some embodiments, one or more of the multiple first protrusions 810 are non-cylindrical protrusions, such as protrusions having a curved shape, a paraboloid, a free-form surface and / or similar. In some embodiments, the second lenticular grating 804 is configured to receive light from the first lenticular grating 802. In some embodiments, the second lenticular grating 804 includes a second internal surface 812 facing the first internal surface 808 of the first lenticular grating 802. In some embodiments, the second internal surface 812 includes a plurality of second protrusions 814. In some embodiments, as shown in the figure, one or more of the multiple second protrusions 814 are cylindrical protrusions. In some embodiments, one or more of the multiple second protrusions 814 are non-cylindrical protrusions, such as protrusions having a curved shape, a paraboloid, a free-form surface and / or similar. In some embodiment, each of the multiple second projections 814 is aligned with one of the multiple first projections 810.In some embodiments, the second lenticular grating 804 includes an emitting surface 816 configured to emit a fan-shaped rib beam, which is a light beam having a uniform energy distribution from the second lenticular grating 804. In some embodiments, the beam quality is maintained by separating the first internal surface 808 and the second internal surface 812 by a relatively short distance. In some embodiments, the first internal surface 808 and the second internal surface 812 are separated by less than 10 μm.

[0043] Continuing to refer to Figure 13, in some embodiments, the grating member 800 further includes a plurality of openings 818 formed from a plurality of optical modules 817 (e.g., optical modules that do not allow the passage of a light beam) provided between a first lens-shaped grating 802 and a second lens-shaped grating 804. In some embodiments, the openings 818 ensure that light exits from each of the plurality of first cylindrical protrusions 810 and enters the corresponding second cylindrical protrusions 814, while preventing light from entering the uncorresponding second cylindrical protrusions 814. In some embodiments, the grating member 800 includes grating sections 815, at least one of the plurality of openings 818 includes an opening size, and the grating sections and opening sizes are selected to ensure a high-quality oblique beam and a high utilization rate of light energy. In some embodiments, the opening size is smaller than the grating section 815. In some embodiments, the opening size is less than half the size of the grid section. In some embodiments, the opening size is less than one-third the size of the grid section. In some embodiments, the grid section is approximately 50 μm and the opening size is approximately 40 μm.

[0044] Referring further to Figure 13 and additionally to Figures 14-19, in some embodiments, the beam divergence angle when the beam is incident on the conjugate grid at an angle does not change significantly compared to the unidirectional aperture angle when the beam is incident on the conjugate grid normally. In some embodiments, only the beam aperture azimuthal angle changes, as shown in Figures 16 and 19. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the grid members may be selected based on the desired display field of view. In some embodiments, if a large field of view is not required, using a grid member 900 with a large radius of curvature R can favorably increase the light energy per unit angle, making the screen brighter. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature R may be approximately 78 μm. In some embodiments, a grid member 1000 with a small radius of curvature r can be used to provide a large field of view. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature r may be approximately 52 μm.

[0045] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional display device unit 1100 using a fan-shaped rib-like light beam 1102 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, as shown, the device 1100 includes a light source 1104 and an optical interference element 1110. In some embodiments, the light source 1104 includes one or more illuminating elements 1106 and one or more imaging lenses 1108. In some embodiments, the illuminating elements 1106 include one or more imaging pixels, one or more LEDs, one or more microLEDs, one or more OLEDs, one or more LCDs, laser arrays and / or similar. In some embodiments, when the fan-shaped rib-like light is separated into multiple beams, the initial wavefront is substantially maintained. In some embodiments, the wavefront of each beam is determined from the incident light. In some embodiments, a real or virtual image is provided at a fixed position by adjusting the imaging lens 1108. In some embodiments, the image position may have a wide adjustment range, from a virtual image at infinity to a real image relatively close to the viewer; in other words, the viewer can see a distant image even if they are relatively close to the screen. In some embodiments, such an image differs from an image created from fan-shaped light, which can only be formed on optical instruments or films.

[0046] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional display devices according to this disclosure provide a relatively large depth of focus. In some embodiments, a single fan-shaped rib-like light beam is a narrow light beam (e.g., a light beam with a divergence angle of 1 milliradian), but the fan-shaped light is relatively narrow in only one direction. In some embodiments, when the viewer is relatively close to the screen, the beam incident on the viewer's pupil becomes smaller than the pupil diameter, which can provide a larger depth of focus. In some embodiments, the depth of focus is related to the light beam diameter, more specifically, as shown in Figure 21, a relatively small light beam diameter 1200 provides a relatively large depth of focus 1202, and as shown in Figure 22, a relatively large light beam diameter 1300 provides a relatively small depth of focus 1302. In some embodiments, the narrow beam and large depth of focus reduce the positional limitation of monocular focus, thereby greatly inducing the viewer's perception of three dimensions to binocular parallax and motion aberration, reducing visual VAC and improving viewing comfort.

[0047] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional display device according to the present disclosure provides multiple layers of images. Referring to Figure 23, in some embodiments, when the light field display device 1400 is realized by movement (e.g., a moving light source, one or more moving illuminating elements, a moving high-speed light source (e.g., a projector), a moving display screen, etc.), vector pixels having different imaging positions can be used to simultaneously realize multiple imaging planes having different depths of field, thereby enabling the viewer to obtain more accurate depth information. In some embodiments, as shown, the device 1400 creates multiple images having different depths of focus (e.g., a first image 1402 and a second image 1404).

[0048] In some embodiments, if the relative density of the fan-shaped rib-like light beams is sufficiently large, two or more beams can be combined to form an image. For example, in some embodiments, it has been found that two beams pass through the target imaging point and enter the same pupil of the viewer. In some embodiments, the viewer's visual point of illumination is the target imaging point. In some embodiments, when two narrow light beams intersect and enter the eye, the eye focuses on the intersection of the light beams, and the resolution is the spot size at the intersection. Figures 24 and 25 show beams 1500 and 1600, respectively, and the wave theory interpretation, i.e., a beam synthesized from two parallel lights with different wavefronts entering the eye. In some embodiments, the synthesized wavefront is a curved, nearly spherical wavefront 1502 or 1602, and the focal point is the intersection of the two light beams. In some embodiments, one or more spatial display pixels are formed from two fan-shaped rib-like lights. In some embodiments, any two narrow beams can be spliced ​​depending on the position of the display pixel, thereby providing a light field display pixel.

[0049] In some embodiments, imaging pixels 1510 and 1512 form a display pixel 1520. In some embodiments, imaging pixels 1610 and 1612 form a display pixel 1620, where the distance from the display pixel 1520 to the eye is different from the isolation between the display pixel 1620 and the eye. In some embodiments, imaging pixels 1510 and 1610 are the same. In some embodiments, display pixel 1520 is different from display pixel 1620. In some embodiments, display pixel 1520 is formed from at least two fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to imaging pixels 1510 and 1512, respectively. In some embodiments, display pixel 1520 is formed from two groups of fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to imaging pixels 1510 and 1512, respectively. In some embodiments, display pixel 1620 is formed from at least two fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to imaging pixels 1610 and 1612, respectively. In some embodiments, the display pixel 1620 is formed from two groups of fan-shaped rib-like light beams, each corresponding to the imaging pixels 1610 and 1612. In some embodiments, a display controller (e.g., a display control system 2802 and / or a display calibration system 2806) determines to turn imaging pixels (e.g., imaging pixels 1510, 1512, 1610, 1612, etc.) on or off.

[0050] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional display device according to this disclosure provides a light beam with a higher energy density and higher energy utilization rate than the three-dimensional display device described above. Referring to Figure 26, in some embodiments, when a narrow light beam (approximately 1 milliradian) enters the pupil completely, the light energy utilization rate is relatively high. In some embodiments, wasted beam is also reduced by overlapping beams. In some embodiments, for example, by using orthogonal incidence of the same pixel to form a fan-shaped rib-like light beam and a fan-shaped light beam, the same field of view is constructed, with the fan-shaped rib-like light beam having a large cross-section spot and a few discrete small spots. In some embodiments, when beams with the same energy form a fan-shaped rib-like light and a fan-shaped light, the energy density of the former is slightly twice that of the latter, and the brightness of the pixel seen by the viewer with the fan-shaped rib-like light is much greater than the brightness of the pixel seen with the fan-shaped light.

[0051] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional display device according to this disclosure suppresses the degradation of the wavefront reaching the viewer's eye by providing a relatively sparse fan-shaped rib-like beam of light. Referring to Figure 27, in some embodiments, particularly when the viewer is very close to the display surface, the two fan-shaped rib-like beams 1700 formed by pixels 1702 at the same point do not enter the pupil simultaneously. In some embodiments, the sparse fan-shaped rib-like beam may result in relatively poor display resolution. In some embodiments, the resolution may be increased in two ways, by including overlapping members or by incorporating them into the optical device to form multiple fan-shaped rib-like beams. In some embodiments, if the viewing distance from the screen to be designed is 0.5m to 6m, the spacing angle of the two fan-shaped rib-like beams may be such that only one fan-shaped rib-like beam enters the pupil at close range, but for two fan-shaped rib-like beams having the same display pixel at this distance, one enters one eye of the viewer and the other does not enter the other eye. In some embodiments, when calculated based on an average pupil diameter of 4 mm and an average pupillary distance of 65 mm, the spacing angle of the two fan-shaped rib beams may be between 8 milliradians and 10.8 milliradians. In some embodiments, as an example, a spacing angle of 10 milliradians is used for the fan-shaped rib beams when the viewing distance is less than 6 m and the two fan-shaped rib beams do not enter both eyes of the viewer simultaneously. In some embodiments, when viewing an image from 0.5 m in front of the screen to 2 m behind the screen at a viewing distance greater than 6 m, the eyes lose the ability to perceive depth of field, and the resolution capability used in the display decreases. Therefore, as shown in Figures 28 and 29, in some embodiments, when a single fan-shaped rib light beam 1800 is far away, resulting in a scattering angle problem (Figure 28), or when two fan-shaped rib light beams 1900 mutually influence each other's eyes (Figure 29), the beams of adjacent pixels can enter the eyes.

[0052] In some embodiments, the drawbacks described above can be resolved by adding one or more light sources to each display device. For example, as shown in Figure 30, two light sources 2000 and 2002 are positioned in a staggered arrangement relative to the optical interference element 2004 to improve the imaging integrity of the emission angles of pixel points on the imaging surface ("integrity" and its variation means that, when viewed within the designed viewing area, there are no missing points within the designed display area at the designed and / or given resolution (the designed resolution can be significantly reduced)). In other words, in some embodiments, fine beams of multiple light sources are spliced ​​into continuous emission angles, and there is a requirement for alignment for such a display device.

[0053] In some embodiments, the drawbacks described above can be solved by adding optical equipment to the display device to form multiple fan-shaped rib-like light beams. For example, as shown in Figure 31, the optical equipment 2100 may be any of the hypothetical optical equipment described herein, such as a V-shaped lens and / or a multifocal lens, and may be incorporated between the illumination element 2102 and the imaging lens 2104. In some embodiments, the imaging lens 2104 emits a beam directed toward the optical interference element 2106. In some embodiments, in moving scanning display mode, both the V-shaped lens and / or the multifocal lens can increase resolution in directions parallel or perpendicular to the direction of movement. In some embodiments, resolution in the direction of depth of field can also be achieved by using multiple fan-shaped rib-like beams with different depths of field for virtual or real images. In some embodiments, when a V-shaped lens or a multifocal lens is used, the optical equipment 2100 is positioned near the aperture diaphragm of the lens 2104 to match the brightness of the imaging of two fan-shaped rib-like beams, thereby allowing the imaging light beam to be uniformly distributed to the two imaging points.

[0054] Figures 32 and 33 are exemplary and schematic supplementary resolution diagrams of a two-segment rib-shaped light beam generated by a three-dimensional display device 2200 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the display device 2200 includes vector pixels 2202 and a grid 2204 that generates an image 2206. In some embodiments, the display pixel spacing is 3 μm * 3 μm. In some embodiments, the pixel emission surface (P) is 1.5 μm * 1.5 μm. In some examples, when the image distance (v) is 2 meters and the magnification (M) is approximately 667, the effective focal length (EFL) of the lens is 3 mm. In some embodiments, F.no > 2, for example, F.no = 2, and the emission aperture EPD (entry pupil diameter) = EFL / F.no = 1.5 mm. In some embodiments, the display pixel size is approximately 1 mm (1.5 μm * 667).

[0055] In some embodiment, P = 1.5 μm and spacing = 3 m, so the display pixel spacing P0 = 2 mm, P1, P2... are the pixel positions on the display screen in the instantaneous movement direction of the vector pixel 2202, respectively, the positions P1, P3, P5... indicate images formed perpendicular to the instantaneous movement direction of the vector pixel 2202 from the light-emitting surface of the display pixel, and display image points are visible at these positions, but no image points are present at P2, P4, P6, and P8. In some embodiment, the average diameter EPD of a human pupil is approximately 4 mm, the average angular resolution of the human eye is θ0 = 1.22 * λ / EPD = 0.2 milliradians, and the relationship between the minimum resolution of the human eye and the viewing distance is d = L * θ0, for example, if L = 8 m, the minimum resolution size that can be clearly distinguished by the eye is 0.2 * 8000 = 1.6 mm. In some embodiments, the lens EFL = 3 mm, the spacing = 3 μm, and P = 1.5 μm, so the angular resolution of the image from the light-emitting surface is θ² ~ P / EFL = 0.5 milliradians, and accordingly the angular resolution of the display screen at infinity is limited to 0.5 milliradians.

[0056] Referring further to Figures 32 and 33, in some embodiments, the instantaneous movement direction of the vector pixels is as shown in the figures. In some embodiments, the angular resolution of pixel imaging (the distance between adjacent pixels) is θ1 ~ interval / EFL = 1 milliradian. In some embodiments, when the imaging distance is far or infinite, the pixel size and lens opening appear to be the same as the viewer's eye, which is close to 1.5 mm and smaller than the minimum resolution size of the eye, 1.6 mm. In some embodiments, the eye sees a display with retinal quality, but when the beam divergence angle φ ~ θ2, φ < θ1, there is a risk that display pixels may be lost from a certain viewpoint, and a two-sector rib beam is used to capture the display pixels, ensuring that the emission angle of the pixels on the display surface is configured to produce a complete image (e.g., a complete 3D image) for one or more viewers. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 32, when the distance between the imaging points of both eyes and the human eye is less than a certain value (e.g., 8 m), the angular resolution can be further increased by a moving display control strategy. In some embodiments, the moving display control strategy includes ensuring that when the eye views a pixel on the pixel surface via the grid 2204 and vector pixels 2202, the aperture angle of adjacent display pixels relative to the eye in the instantaneous scanning movement direction of the display pixel is smaller than the design display resolution of 0.5 milliradians, and the beam divergence angle φ~EPD / V = 1.5 mm / 2M = 0.75 milliradians, the beam divergence angle φ > θ2, and the vector pixels 2202 provide display pixel P1 to the eye and can provide the display pixel to the eye after moving 1 mm to reach position P2. In some embodiments, the brightness of P2 is similar to the brightness of P1, thereby increasing the resolution in the movement direction, such as a two-fan-shaped rib beam, and is used as a standby display resource when tracking misalignment occurs.

[0057] Referring further to Figures 32 and 33, in some embodiments, since P0 = 2 mm in the direction perpendicular to the instantaneous movement direction of the vector pixel 2202, if there is only one display module 2208 (bifocal lens, imaging lens), the imaging beam is expanded into two fan-shaped rib-like beams by the grating 2204, and as shown in Figure 33, the viewer's eye passes through the fan-shaped rib-like beams and sees only the display pixels in the column direction of Q1, Q3, Q5..., but there are no display pixels at other positions. In some embodiments, another display module 2210 is added in the direction perpendicular to the movement direction of the display light pole 2212 as described above. In some embodiments, the relative imaging positions of the display pixels of each module differ by 1 mm, which facilitates the realization of display pixels at positions Q2, Q4, Q6..., thereby capturing display pixels in the direction perpendicular to the instantaneous movement direction of the vector pixel 2202. In some embodiments, the additional display module can be positioned in conjunction with display modules 2208 and 2210 to increase display brightness and reduce the requirements for the control frame rate of the illumination element.

[0058] In some embodiments, the configuration for supplementing resolution with multiple fan-shaped rib beams, and the configuration for supplementing resolution by adding the above-described physical unit in this paper, can enhance the resolution in the instantaneous movement direction of the vector pixels or in a direction perpendicular to the instantaneous movement direction of the vector pixels.

[0059] In some embodiments, further details of the imaging integrity of the emission angle of pixels in a three-dimensional display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure are as follows. Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the aperture direction of a fan-shaped rib-like light beam in an exemplary case in some embodiments of the present disclosure where a vector pixel 2300 creates a virtual image. The pupil size of the human eye is typically 4 mm during normal viewing. In some embodiments, since lens EFL = 3 mm and P = 1.5 μm, if the spacing angle of the fan-shaped rib-like light beams generated by the grating 2302 is 13 milliradians (considering that after the three RGB light beams pass through the same film, the maximum spacing angle of the red fan-shaped rib-like light beam also satisfies the viewing standard), then the angular resolution of the emission surface imaging is θ2 ~ P / EFL = 0.5 milliradians. In some embodiments, when a vector pixel 2300 is 100 mm away from the grating 2302, if φ1 ≥ 13 milliradians, then within an aperture angle θ1 (the aperture angle of the pixel relative to the eye, for example, about 1 milliradian), at least one pixel of the fan-shaped rib-like light is visible to the viewer's eye, that is, the pixels on the imaging surface 2304 are fully illuminated and observable to the viewer's eye. In some embodiments, it can be calculated from the given parameters that all pixels on the imaging surface 2304 are visible within 4.15 m. In some embodiments, when viewed at a relatively long distance, with respect to the decrease in the depth resolution of the human eye, if the selected lens f=2, the diameter of the beam incident from the lens onto the grating 2302 is approximately 1.3 mm.

[0060] In some embodiments, when the viewing distance is greater than 4 m, the viewer's eye, viewing a 1.5 mm pixel of the grid 2302, is still sufficiently close to the retinal resolution of the display. In some embodiments, since the pixel resolution is 0.5 milliradians, the divergence angle of the fan-shaped rib beam is 1 milliradian. In some embodiments, if the aperture angle of the eye for any one point on the grid 2302 is greater than 0.5 milliradians (i.e., the viewing distance of the eye is less than 8 m), there are at least two different pixels of the fan-shaped rib beam that can be emitted from the grid 2302 and enter the pupil. In some embodiments, in order to provide two eyes with a stereoscopic image with parallax, the visual focus of the eye is on the grid 2302, and in this case, the pixels on the imaging surface 2304 are on the grid 2302. In some embodiment, if the viewing distance is greater than 8 m, the spot diameter is greater than 8 mm, and is already larger than the pupil diameter, then fan-shaped rib spots of the same order in adjacent pixels overlap, the eye's visual focus is on the grid 2302, and the lens incident on the grid 2302 with a spot of approximately 1 millimeter (mm), thereby facilitating the provision of parallax display to both eyes, and the display resolution matches the retinal resolution of the display.

[0061] In some embodiments, complete imaging of pixels on the imaging surface 2304 means that the light beam providing the display (e.g., a fan-shaped rib-like light beam) does not have gaps larger than the designed angular resolution. In some embodiments, the control method for the vertical direction uses an optimal matching control strategy, i.e., uses the beam with the smallest angle to the target light direction. In some embodiments, the beam direction is the direction of the beam's principal ray. In some embodiments, the target ray is the ray that provides the display pixels at the position of the viewer's eye, as determined by eye tracking. In some embodiments, the beam's principal ray is the fan-shaped rib-like beam in the direction of the output beam determined based on the imaging relationship between the display pixels and the lens, i.e., the zero-level beam formed after the imaging beam has passed through the grating 2302.

[0062] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary case in which a vector pixel 2400 creates a real image on the imaging surface 2402 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The pupil size of the human eye is typically 4 mm during a normal viewing period. In some embodiments, when the imaging distance is 0.5 m, EFL = 3 mm and P = 1.5 μm, so the angular resolution of the light-emitting surface imaging is θ2 ~ P / EFL = 0.5 milliradians. In some embodiments, if the fan-shaped rib beam formed by the grating 2404 is 13 milliradians, then a minimum φ2 = 13 milliradians ensures that the fan-shaped rib beam can enter the pupil (e.g., about 1 milliradian) within θ1, thereby facilitating the provision of a display beam to the pixels. In some embodiments, based on this calculation, the maximum viewing distance is 1.54 m. In some embodiments, if the viewing distance is greater than 1.54 m, the emission angle of the real image beam is not perfect, and therefore pixels may not exist during the viewing period. In some embodiments, therefore, if the viewing distance is greater than 1.54m, only distant virtual images are displayed, and the real image is not displayed. In some embodiments, a single layer of virtual images is generated.

[0063] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 36 to 38, the relatively small spectral width (Δλ) of the (multiple) light sources of the three-dimensional display device according to some embodiments of this disclosure ensures that the fan-shaped rib-like light has a relatively large field of view and that the imaging distance does not shift significantly. For example, Figure 37 shows an exemplary configuration used in a 3D display device. In some embodiments, in order to ensure a relatively large field of view, the fan-shaped rib-like light has a relatively large aperture angle. In some embodiments, based on the lattice equation for multi-slit interference (d*sin(θ)=±Kλ), the aperture angle of the fan-shaped rib-like light is proportional to K and inversely proportional to d. In some embodiments, the spacing angle θ of the fan-shaped rib-like light beams at different orders of K within the fan-shaped rib-like light beam is related to K and the dominant wavelength of the light source. In some embodiments, since the wavelength of the light source usually has a constant spectral width (Δλ), each fan-shaped rib-like beam has a constant divergence angle. In some embodiments, as shown in the figure, the magnitude of the divergence angle α is proportional to the spectral width (Δλ) of the pixel, and when Δλ is relatively large, beams of the order of adjacent orders within the fan-shaped rib pattern may overlap and lose their shape.

[0064] In some embodiments, the values ​​of d and K of the grid are specified to provide a constant aperture angle for viewing, and a relatively small value of Δλ is used to form a fan-shaped rib-like light beam. In some embodiments, when Δλ is relatively small, based on the grid equation, each interference spot of the beam incident on the grid is independently separated, and the spot size is smaller than the pupil. In some embodiments, when the spot spacing is much larger than the pupil, another display unit is used to supplement the spacing between display units, thereby ensuring the integrity of the emission angle of the display pixels, and a complete image is visible to the viewer's eye.

[0065] Referring further to Figures 36-38, in some embodiments, when Δλ is relatively small, the fan-shaped rib-like light maintains its initial wavefront almost entirely, exhibiting a small divergence angle and a large depth of field. In some embodiments, the image visible to the viewer does not need to be on the grid. In some embodiments, the image position is determined by the imaging lens and the grid. In some embodiments, if the light source spectrum has a certain width, the wavefront of the fan-shaped rib-like beam may change slightly due to scattering from the grid and other phenomena. In some embodiments, the imaging position of the fan-shaped rib-like beam is offset from the imaging position of the imaging lens. In some embodiments, the actual imaging position should be used in the display design.

[0066] In some embodiments, the illuminating elements of the light source of the three-dimensional display device may include one or more imaging pixels, one or more LEDs, one or more microLEDs, one or more OLEDs, laser arrays, or similar. In some embodiments, when the illuminating elements are non-laser devices, a narrowband filter is included in the optical path. In some embodiments, the narrowband filter is placed between the surface of the display light source and the first lens element of the lens. In some embodiments, the narrowband filter results in a loss of light intensity. However, in some embodiments, tests have shown that a 10 nanometer (nm) narrowband filter placed in the optical path between the light source and a grating with a grating constant of 50 μm and a radius of curvature of 52 μm provided fan-shaped rib-like light with an aperture angle of 76 degrees.

[0067] In some embodiments, exemplary details of the components used to provide a fan-shaped rib-like light beam include a grid with K=63 and d=50 μm, a central wavelength of the light source of 520 nm, an aperture half-angle of 40 degrees, and a required light source wavewidth less than 16 nm. As shown in Figure 38, in some embodiments, a first group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams (e.g., light beam A) and a second group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams (e.g., light beam B) can interlock. In some embodiments, interlocked fan-shaped rib-like light beams can increase the resolution corresponding to the viewer. For example, a viewer at position A can see light beam A, while a viewer at position B can see light beam B.

[0068] Three-dimensional display devices according to some embodiments of this disclosure utilize high-precision eye tracking, calibration, and control features to provide uniform resolution and brightness to multiple viewers. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 39, the display device 2500 actively illuminates the eyes with narrow beams emitted from pixels so that a parallax image is visible to each of the two eyes. A more accurate eye tracking system is employed to detect, calculate, and provide information about the viewer's eye position in real time, ensuring that light can be provided to the eyes when the light source moves to illuminate that location.

[0069] In some embodiments, if eye tracking becomes inaccurate due to viewer movement, multiple devices can be used to extend the beam projection area. In some embodiments, due to eye speed or tracking accuracy issues, the tracking system may not be able to accurately track the viewer's eye position. In some embodiments, if there is a certain discrepancy between the actual eye position and the tracking position, a single pixel's fan-shaped rib-like light beam may not accurately enter the pupil (e.g., the spot does not enter the pupil, or only half of the spot enters), resulting in the loss of pixels or a decrease in brightness of the display device. In some embodiments, to solve the above problem, multiple display units may be used to extend the light projection area, as shown in Figure 40. In some embodiments, when the light source moves to a specific position, its display pixels can provide a beam for the target pixel in the display near the tracking position 2603. In some embodiments, multiple display pixels 2600 (three of which are shown in Figure 40) are distributed around the pupil 2602. In some embodiments, multiple display pixels 2600 can compensate for and / or reduce the effects of eye tracking errors. In some embodiments, regardless of the pupil's position in the region, the presence of display pixels 2600 that may enter the pupil 2602 prevents the loss of pixels on the display or a decrease in the pixel brightness of the display. In some embodiments, in other words, the display provides display resources to the eye tracking system in and around the provided location. In some embodiments, the display can be viewed even if there is a tracking error. In some embodiments, display resources (e.g., display pixels) at different locations do not affect each other. In some embodiments, if there are different display resources located vertically, the display resources in the vertical direction do not have the same pixels on the display. In some embodiments, the fan-shaped rib-like light beam corresponding to the relative position of the pixels with respect to the lens and the direction of the emitted beam is limited as the main beam (K=0). In some embodiments, other beams copied by the grating are secondary beams (K'0).In some embodiments, during the display period, different display resources are displayed using only the main beam to ensure that the display resources do not interfere with each other.

[0070] Referring to Figure 41, three-dimensional display devices according to some embodiments of the present disclosure may be incorporated into various types of three-dimensional display systems. In some embodiments, one or more illuminating elements 2700, such as vector pixels 2700, may be coupled to a rotating and / or disc-shaped light pole 2702 or a translatable and / or straight light pole 2710. In some embodiments, illuminating elements 2700 supported by a rotating and / or disc-shaped light pole 2702 emit a fan-shaped rib-like light beam to an optical interference element 2704 (e.g., a grid 2704), and the optical interference element 2704 emits a fan-shaped rib-like light beam to a curved display 2706 or a planar display 2708. In some embodiments, the optical interference element (e.g., an optical film) 2704 forms a curved element that aligns with the curved display 2706. In some embodiments, the optical interference element (e.g., an optical film) 2704 forms a planar element that aligns with the planar display 2708.

[0071] In some embodiments, an illumination element 2700 supported by a translatable and / or straight light pole 2710 emits a fan-shaped rib-like light beam to an optical interference element 2712 (e.g., a grid 2712), and the optical interference element 2712 emits a fan-shaped rib-like light beam to a planar display 2714, a cylindrical outer display 2716, and / or a cylindrical inner display 2718. In some embodiments, the optical interference element (e.g., an optical film) 2712 forms a curved element that aligns with the cylindrical outer display 2716 and / or the cylindrical inner display 2718. In some embodiments, the optical interference element (e.g., an optical film) 2704 forms a planar element that aligns with the planar display 2714.

[0072] Figure 42 is a schematic diagram showing one or more components and processes of a three-dimensional (3D) display system 2800 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the system 2800 includes a display control system 2802 that receives (1) eye position information from an eye tracking system 2804 and (2) display calibration information from a display calibration system 2806 via a parameter table 2808. In some embodiments, based on the information received from the eye tracking system 2804, the display control system 2802 determines pixel coordinates, display time, gradation modes, etc. 2810 used to generate a three-dimensional image 2812 observable by a display device. Various components of the 3D display system 2800 are described throughout the present disclosure in some embodiments.

[0073] In some embodiments, the eye tracking system 2840 determines the eye (e.g., pupil) position of one or more viewers by including one or more sensors and one or more processors. In some embodiments, one or more sensors include an image sensor and / or an optical sensor (e.g., an infrared sensor). In some embodiments, one or more processors in the eye tracking system 2840 are configured to determine the eye position and / or pupil position based on tracking information (e.g., an image) generated and / or indirectly provided by one or more sensors. In some embodiments, the tracking information indicates the eye-space position of the viewer. In some embodiments, the 3D display system 2800 is configured to generate a plurality of display pixels near the eye-space position. In some embodiments, the display calibration system 2806 and / or the display control system 2802 are configured to control illumination elements for generating a 3D image.

[0074] In some embodiments, the display calibration system 2806 is configured to correct one or more parameters of the parameter table 2802 and / or provide one or more compensation parameters, for example, in relation to display content, activation of one or more vector pixels and / or similar. In some embodiments, the 3D display system 2800 uses multiple fan-shaped rib-like light beams to form multiple display pixels near the eye space position, for example, as shown in Figure 40. In some embodiments, various components of the system 2800 (e.g., eye tracking system 2840, display control system 2802, display calibration system 2806, etc.) are described in U.S. Patent No. 11,650,418, titled "OPTICAL FIELD DISPLAY SYSTEM," which is incorporated herein by reference in whole.

[0075] According to the embodiments, various components of the 3D display system 2800 may be implemented by one or more computing devices (e.g., processors, microprocessors). The computing devices may include any type of computing device suitable for implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure. Examples of computing devices include, for example, workstations, servers, laptops, portable devices, desktop computers, tablet computers, handheld devices, dedicated or general-purpose computing devices such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), tensor processing units (TPUs), and similar devices, all of which are within the scope of various components relating to the system 2800.

[0076] In some embodiments, the computing device includes a bus that directly and / or indirectly connects a processor, memory, input / output (I / O) ports, I / O components, and power supplies. Any number of additional components, different components, and / or combinations of components may be included in the computing device. The bus may be one or more buses (e.g., an address bus, a data bus, or a combination thereof). Similarly, in some embodiments, the computing device may include multiple processors, multiple memory components, multiple I / O ports, multiple I / O components, and / or multiple power supplies. Furthermore, any number of different components of system 2800 may be distributed and / or copied across multiple computing devices.

[0077] In some embodiments, System 2800 includes memory. The memory includes computer-readable media in the form of volatile and / or non-volatile memory, temporary and / or non-temporary storage media, which may be removable, non-removable, or a combination thereof. Examples of media include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, optical or holographic media, cartridges, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, data transmission, and / or any other media that can be used to store information and are accessible by a computing device, such as quantum state memory and / or analogues. In some embodiments, the memory stores computer-executable instructions for a processor (e.g., a processor in a computing device) to implement various embodiments of the system components discussed herein and / or to perform various embodiments of the methods and programs discussed herein.

[0078] Computer-executable instructions may include, for example, computer code, machine-usable instructions and similars, and program components that can be executed by one or more processors associated with a computing device. Program components can be programmed using any number of different programming environments, including various languages, development kits, frameworks, and / or similars. Some or all of the functions assumed herein may be implemented in hardware and / or firmware, or alternatively.

[0079] In some embodiments, the memory may include a data repository that can be implemented using one of the configurations described below. The data repository may include random access memory, flat files, XML files, and / or one or more database management systems (DBMS) running on one or more database servers or data centers. The data repository may be, for example, a single relational database. In some cases, the data repository may include multiple databases that can exchange and aggregate data through a data integration process or software application. In exemplary embodiments, at least a portion of the data repository may be hosted in a cloud data center. In some cases, the data repository may be hosted on a single computer, server, storage device, cloud server, or similar. In other cases, the data repository may be hosted on a set of networked computers, servers, or devices. In some cases, the data repository may be hosted on a data repository tier that includes local, regional, and central locations.

[0080] Various components of System 2800 may communicate via or be coupled to a communication interface (e.g., a wired or wireless interface). The communication interface includes, but is not limited to, wired or wireless short-range and long-range communication interfaces. A wired interface may use cables, umbilical cables, and similar devices. A short-range communication interface may be, for example, a local area network (LAN) interface conforming to a known communication standard.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the three-dimensional display device includes a light source comprising a plurality of illuminating elements and a plurality of lenses configured to generate a plurality of light beams, and an optical interference element configured to generate a plurality of fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams corresponding to each of the plurality of light beams, wherein two adjacent fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams have an spacing angle greater than 5 milliradians.

[0082] In some embodiments, the light source further includes a plurality of optical instruments. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of optical instruments includes a V-shaped lens. In some embodiments, the V-shaped lens includes a first lens member and a second lens member, of which the first and second lens members form an angle greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the first lens member has a first refractive index, and the second lens member has a second refractive index different from the first refractive index. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of illuminating elements has a general surface, of which the first lens member and the general surface have a first angle, and the second lens member and the general surface have a second angle, of which the first angle or the second angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of optical instruments includes a multifocal lens.

[0083] In some embodiments, the multifocal lens is a bifocal lens. In some embodiments, the bifocal lens includes a first semi-cylindrical lens portion and a second semi-cylindrical lens portion. In some embodiments, the optical interference element includes a lattice member. In some embodiments, the lattice member is a conjugate lattice member. In some embodiments, the lattice member includes a first lattice including a light-receiving surface configured to receive light emitted from a light source, further including a first internal surface facing the light-receiving surface and configured to emit light from a first lens-shaped lattice, and including a plurality of first protrusions; and a second lattice configured to receive light from the first lattice, including a second internal surface facing the first internal surface of the first lattice and including a plurality of second protrusions, and including a light-emitting surface configured to emit a fan-shaped rib-like light beam having a uniform or Lambertsian energy distribution from the second lattice. In some embodiments, the lattice member further includes a plurality of openings provided between the first lattice and the second lattice.

[0084] In some embodiments, the lattice member includes lattice sections, and at least one of the multiple openings includes an opening size, and the opening size is smaller than the lattice section. In some embodiments, the opening size is smaller than half the lattice section. In some embodiments, the opening size is smaller than one-third the lattice section. In some embodiments, the lattice section is about 50 μm, and the opening size is about 40 μm. In some embodiments, the first inner surface and the second inner surface are spaced less than 10 μm apart. In some embodiments, the light source includes vector pixels. In some embodiments, the multiple fan-shaped rib-like light beams include a group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams that form a display pixel, the spatial position of the display pixel being determined by the distance between one of the multiple illuminating elements and an equivalent lens or the focal length of the equivalent lens.

[0085] In some embodiments, the first group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams and the second group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams are interlocked. In some embodiments, the illumination element includes a first imaging pixel and a second imaging pixel, of which a plurality of fan-shaped rib-like light beams include a first group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to the first imaging pixel and a second group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to the second imaging pixel, of which at least the first fan-shaped rib-like light beam of the first group and the second fan-shaped rib-like light beam of the second group form a display pixel.

[0086] According to some embodiments, a grating device for providing a uniform or Lambertsian energy distribution to a fan-shaped rib-like light beam includes a first grating including a light-receiving surface configured to receive light emitted from a light source, further including a first internal surface facing the light-receiving surface and configured to emit light from the first grating, and including a plurality of first protrusions; and a second grating configured to receive light from the first grating, including a second internal surface facing the first internal surface of the first grating and including a plurality of second protrusions, and including a second luminescent surface configured to emit a fan-shaped rib-like light beam having a uniform or Lambertsian energy distribution from the second lens-shaped grating.

[0087] In some embodiments, the lattice apparatus further includes a plurality of openings provided between a first lattice and a second lattice. In some embodiments, the lattice apparatus includes a lattice section, and at least one of the plurality of openings includes an opening size, the opening size being smaller than the lattice section. In some embodiments, the opening size is smaller than half the size of the lattice section. In some embodiments, the opening size is smaller than one-third the size of the lattice section. In some embodiments, the lattice section is about 50 μm and the opening size is about 40 μm. In some embodiments, there is a gap of less than 10 μm between the first inner surface and the second inner surface.

[0088] According to one embodiment, the light field display system includes a light source including a plurality of illuminating elements and a plurality of lenses configured to generate a plurality of light beams, a display device including an optical interference element configured to generate a plurality of fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams for each of the plurality of light beams, an eye tracking system including one or more sensors configured to track the eyes of a viewer and generate tracking information, and one or more processors configured to control the plurality of illuminating elements in part based on the tracking information.

[0089] In some embodiments, tracking information indicates an eye-space position, of which multiple fan-shaped rib-like light beams form multiple display pixels near the eye-space position. In some embodiments, the display device is configured to generate a first imaging plane and a second imaging plane different from the first imaging plane. In some embodiments, two adjacent fan-shaped rib-like light beams of the multiple fan-shaped rib-like light beams have an spacing angle greater than 5 milliradians. In some embodiments, the light source further includes multiple optical devices. In some embodiments, at least one of the multiple optical devices includes a V-shaped lens. In some embodiments, the V-shaped lens includes a first lens member and a second lens member, of which the first lens member and the second lens member form an angle greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

[0090] In some embodiments, the first lens member has a first refractive index, and the second lens member has a second refractive index different from the first refractive index. In some embodiments, at least one of the multiple illuminating elements has a general surface, of which the first lens member and the general surface have a first angle, and the second lens member and the general surface have a second angle, of which the first angle or the second angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. In some embodiments, at least one of the multiple optical instruments includes a bifocal lens. In some embodiments, the bifocal lens includes a first semi-cylindrical lens portion and a second semi-cylindrical lens portion.

[0091] In some embodiments, the light field display system further includes a display calibration system configured to provide one or more compensation parameters to one or more processors. In some embodiments, the optical interference member includes a grating member. In some embodiments, the grating member is a conjugate grating member. In some embodiments, the grating member includes a first grating including a light-receiving surface configured to receive light emitted from a light source, further including a first internal surface facing the light-receiving surface and configured to emit light from a first lens-like grating, and including a plurality of first protrusions; and a second grating configured to receive light from the first grating, including a second internal surface facing the first internal surface of the first grating and including a plurality of second protrusions, and including a second emitting surface configured to emit a fan-shaped rib-like light beam which is a light beam having a uniform or Lambertsian energy distribution from the second grating.

[0092] In some embodiments, the lattice member further includes a plurality of openings provided between a first lattice and a second lattice. In some embodiments, the lattice device includes lattice sections, and at least one of the plurality of openings includes an opening size, the opening size being smaller than the lattice section. In some embodiments, the opening size is smaller than half the size of the lattice section. In some embodiments, the opening size is smaller than one-third the size of the lattice section. In some embodiments, the lattice section is about 50 μm, and the opening size is about 40 μm. In some embodiments, the first inner surface and the second inner surface are spaced less than 10 μm apart.

[0093] In some embodiments, the light source includes vector pixels. In some embodiments, the plurality of fan-shaped rib-like light beams include one group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams that form a display pixel, the spatial position of the display pixel being determined by the distance between the illuminating element and the equivalent lens or the focal length of the equivalent lens. In some embodiments, the first group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams and the second group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams are interlocked. In some embodiments, the illuminating element includes a first imaging pixel and a second imaging pixel, the plurality of fan-shaped rib-like light beams including a first group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to the first imaging pixel and a second group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to the second imaging pixel, at least the first fan-shaped rib-like light beam of the first group and the second fan-shaped rib-like light beam of the second group form a display pixel.

[0094] Various modifications and additions can be made to the exemplary embodiments discussed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. For example, while the embodiments described above refer to certain features, the scope of this disclosure further includes embodiments having different combinations of features and embodiments that do not include all of the described features. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to include all such substitutions, modifications and variations within the claims, as well as all of their equivalents.

Claims

1. A light source including multiple illuminating elements and multiple lenses configured to generate multiple light beams, The optical interference element includes, configured to generate a plurality of fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to each of the plurality of light beams, Two adjacent fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams among the plurality of fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams have an interval angle greater than five (5) milliradians. Three-dimensional display equipment.

2. The light source further includes a plurality of optical instruments, The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1.

3. At least one of the aforementioned plurality of optical instruments includes a V-shaped lens. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 2.

4. The V-shaped lens includes a first lens member and a second lens member, and the first lens member and the second lens member form an angle greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 3.

5. The first lens member has a first refractive index, and the second lens member has a second refractive index different from the first refractive index. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 4.

6. At least one of the plurality of illumination elements has a general surface, the first lens member and the general surface have a first angle, and the second lens member and the general surface have a second angle, and the first angle or the second angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 4.

7. At least one of the aforementioned plurality of optical instruments includes a bifocal lens. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 2.

8. The optical interference element includes a grid member, The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1.

9. The aforementioned lattice member includes lattice sections not exceeding 140 μm. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 8.

10. The aforementioned grid member is A first lattice including a light-receiving surface configured to receive light emitted from the light source, further including a first internal surface facing the light-receiving surface and configured to emit light from the first lattice, and including a plurality of first protrusions, A second grating configured to receive light from the first grating, the second grating includes a second inner surface facing the first inner surface of the first grating and including a plurality of second protrusions, and a luminescent surface configured to emit a plurality of fan-shaped rib-like light beams having a uniform or Lambertsian energy distribution from the second grating, The three-dimensional display device according to claim 8.

11. The plurality of fan-shaped rib-like light beams include a group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams that form a display pixel, and the spatial position of the display pixel is determined from the distance between one of the plurality of illuminating elements and the equivalent lens of the plurality of lenses or the focal length of the equivalent lens of the plurality of lenses. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1.

12. The aforementioned group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams includes a first group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams and a second group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams, and the first group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams and the second group of fan-shaped rib-like light beams are interlocked. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 11.

13. The illumination element includes a first imaging pixel and a second imaging pixel, and the plurality of fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams include a first group of fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams corresponding to the first imaging pixel and a second group of fan-shaped rib-shaped light beams corresponding to the second imaging pixel, and at least one first fan-shaped rib-shaped light beam from the first group and a second fan-shaped rib-shaped light beam from the second group form a display pixel. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 1.

14. A first lattice including a light-receiving surface configured to receive light emitted from a light source, further including a first internal surface facing the light-receiving surface and configured to emit light from the first lattice, and including a plurality of first protrusions, A second grating configured to receive light from the first grating, the second grating includes a second internal surface facing the first internal surface of the first grating and including a plurality of second protrusions, and a second emitting surface configured to emit a fan-shaped rib-like light beam having a uniform or Lambertsian energy distribution from the second grating, A grating device for providing a uniform or Lambertsian energy distribution to a fan-shaped rib-like light beam.

15. The further includes a plurality of openings provided between the first grid and the second grid, The lattice apparatus according to claim 14.

16. The lattice device includes a lattice section, and at least one of the plurality of openings includes an opening size, and the opening size is smaller than the lattice section. The grid device according to claim 15.

17. A light source including multiple illuminating elements and multiple lenses configured to generate multiple light beams, A display device including an optical interference element configured to generate a plurality of fan-shaped rib-like light beams corresponding to the plurality of light beams, An eye-tracking system comprising one or more sensors, configured to track the eyes of a viewer and generate tracking information, Includes one or more processors configured to control the plurality of lighting elements based at least partially on the tracking information, Light field display system.

18. The tracking information indicates the spatial position of the eye, and the plurality of fan-shaped rib-like light beams form a plurality of display pixels near the spatial position of the eye. The light field display system according to claim 17.

19. The display device is configured to generate a first imaging plane and a second imaging plane different from the first imaging plane. The light field display system according to claim 17.

20. The system further includes a display calibration system configured to provide one or more compensation parameters to the one or more processors, The light field display system according to claim 17.

Images