Composition containing 2,2,4-trimethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-amine

Abstract

This disclosure provides compounds and compositions having the properties of degradation inhibitors, such as anti-ozone agents, antioxidants, and / or anti-fatigue agents, which are useful additives for vulcanized rubber articles. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 2,2,4-trimethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-amine. This disclosure provides compounds and compositions useful as degradation inhibitors, such as anti-ozone agents and / or antioxidants, and / or as additives in vulcanized rubber articles, lubricants, or flammable fuels.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure provides compounds and compositions having the properties of degradation inhibitors, such as anti-ozone agents, antioxidants, and / or anti-fatigue agents, which are useful additives for vulcanized rubber articles. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 2,2,4-trimethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-amine. [Background technology]

[0002] Background technology Many materials, such as plastics, elastomers, elastomer products (tires, belts, hoses, bushings, mounts, vibration dampers, etc.), lubricants, and petroleum products (e.g., working fluids, oils, fuels, and oil / fuel additives for automotive and aerospace applications), tend to degrade when exposed to light, heat, oxygen, ozone, and repetitive mechanical action for extended periods. Therefore, compounds and compositions demonstrating the effectiveness of degradation inhibitors are well known in the art. For example, U.S. Patent No. 8,987,515 discloses aromatic polyamines useful for inhibiting oxidative degradation, particularly in lubricant compositions. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2014 / 0316163 discloses antioxidant macromolecules with improved solubility in many commercially available oils and lubricants.

[0003] Anti-degradation agents useful in the manufacture of articles formed from elastomers, plastics, etc., require a very specific combination of qualities that may be difficult to achieve. While anti-degradation agents must obviously possess commercially acceptable efficacy, they must also demonstrate their effectiveness over the long term associated with the use of the article, particularly on the exposed surfaces of the article where decomposition primarily occurs due to environmental factors such as light, oxygen, and ozone. Effectiveness in protecting embedded components of composite materials from the effects of oxidative aging and repetitive mechanical action is crucial, as is the protection of surface-exposed components. Anti-degradation agents must achieve these results without adversely affecting the effectiveness or desirable properties of other additives in the final article. Furthermore, anti-degradation agents that provide or improve mechanical fatigue life due to oxidative aging or ozone exposure after the article has been used are highly valued because they essentially improve the useful mechanical service life of the article. As a result, elastomer articles that undergo repeated mechanical bending, stretching, or compression during use will greatly benefit from such findings.

[0004] Articles formed from natural rubber, particularly general-purpose elastomers such as tires, are susceptible to degradation from both oxygen and ozone. As discussed in U.S. Patent No. 2,905,654, the effects of oxygen decomposition on rubber differ from those of ozone decomposition, but both effects can adversely impact tire performance, appearance, and lifespan. Fatigue and crack propagation are also issues of particular concern, especially in the edge regions of steel belts and tire sidewalls, which are subjected to significant stress and tensile forces during flexing throughout the tire's service life, whether inflated, partially inflated, or deflated. U.S. Patent No. 8,833,417 describes an antioxidant system that is said to increase long-term resistance to fatigue and crack propagation compared to known antioxidants discussed below. Materials with anti-degradation properties are well known and commercially available in the art for use in tire applications. For example, N,N'-disubstituted paraphenylenediamine, such as those sold under the trademark Santoflex®, is commonly preferred by many tire manufacturers for this purpose. EP3147321A1 discloses rubber compositions, tires, amine compounds, and anti-aging agents, particularly rubber compositions said to be suitable for use in tire tread rubber or sidewall rubber. U.S. Patent No. 3,362,930 discloses 6-anilino-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and its use as an anti-ozone agent in rubber compositions. U.S. Patent No. 5,117,063 discloses a method for producing 4-aminodiphenylamine ("4-ADPA"), which can be used to produce 6-anilino-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline. There is a need for a composition containing 6-anilino-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (also known as 2,2,4-trimethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-amine) and other degradation inhibitors for use in vulcanized rubber articles. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 8,987,515 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014 / 0316163 [Patent Document 3] U.S. Patent No. 2,905,654 [Patent Document 4] U.S. Patent No. 8,833,417 [Patent Document 5] U.S. Patent No. 3,362,930 [Patent Document 6] U.S. Patent No. 5,117,063 [Overview of the project]

[0006] The present disclosure provides compounds and compositions useful as anti-degradants, such as anti-ozonants and / or antioxidants, and / or as additives in vulcanized rubber articles, lubricants, or combustible fuels.

[0007] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of formula (I): [Chemical formula] or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein [Chemical formula] represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0008] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of formula (II): [Chemical formula] or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein [Chemical formula] represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0009] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of formula (III): [Chemical formula] or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein [Chemical formula] represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0010] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides compound (21): [Chemical formula] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0011] In another embodiment, this disclosure relates to compound (22): [ka] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0012] In another embodiment, this disclosure relates to compound (23): [ka] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0013] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to compound (24): [ka] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0014] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to compound (25): [ka] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0015] In another aspect, this disclosure relates to formula (IV): [ka] A composition is provided comprising a compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein, [ka] This represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0016] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a process for preparing a composition comprising formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, the process comprising reacting 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone, 2,2-dimethoxypropane, or mesityl oxide in the presence of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid.

[0017] Additional embodiments and advantages of the Disclosure are partially described below, derived from the Description, or can be learned through practice of the Disclosure. These embodiments and advantages will be realized and achieved by the elements and combinations specifically indicated in the appended claims.

[0018] Please understand that both the above summary and the following embodiments for carrying out the invention are merely illustrative and explanatory, and do not limit the invention as described in the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0019] [Figure 1] The images show high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms of representative compositions of the present disclosure, annotated to include the peak positions of certain compounds of the present disclosure.

[0020] [Figure 2] These are two chromatograms illustrating the chromatographic detection of compound (2) in a mixture with compound (10) using Method 3 (top), and the chromatogram of standard (2) (bottom).

[0021] [Figure 3] These are two chromatograms illustrating the chromatographic detection of compound (21) in a mixture with compound (10) using Method 3 (top), and the chromatogram of standard (21) (bottom).

[0022] [Figure 4]These are two chromatograms illustrating the chromatographic detection of compound (23) in a mixture with compound (10) using Method 3 (top), and the chromatogram of standard (23) (bottom).

[0023] [Figure 5] These are two chromatograms illustrating the chromatographic detection of compound (25) in a mixture with compound (10) using Method 3 (top), and the chromatogram of standard (25) (bottom).

[0024] [Figure 6] These are two chromatograms illustrating the chromatographic detection of compound (21) in a mixture with compound (10) using Method 2 (top), and the chromatogram of standard (21) (bottom).

[0025] [Figure 7] These are two chromatograms illustrating the chromatographic detection of compound (25) in a mixture with compound (10) using Method 2 (top), and the chromatogram of standard (25) (bottom).

[0026] [Figure 8] This is the NMR spectrum of compound (4).

[0027] [Figure 9] This is the HPLC chromatogram of compound (4).

[0028] [Figure 10] This is the 13 APT NMR spectrum of compound (2).

[0029] [Figure 11] This is the HPLC chromatogram of compound (2).

[0030] [Figure 12] This is the 13 APT NMR spectrum of compound (21).

[0031] [Figure 13] This is the HPLC chromatogram of compound (21).

[0032] [Figure 14] This is the 13 APT NMR spectrum of compound (24).

[0033] [Figure 15] This is the HPLC chromatogram of compound (24).

[0034] [Figure 16] This is the 13APT NMR spectrum of compound (23).

[0035] [Figure 17] This is the HPLC chromatogram of compound (23).

[0036] [Figure 18] This is the 13 APT NMR spectrum of compound (7).

[0037] [Figure 19] This is the HPLC chromatogram of compound (7).

[0038] [Figure 20] This is the proton NMR spectrum of compound (25).

[0039] [Figure 21] This is the 13 APT NMR spectrum of compound (25).

[0040] [Figure 22] This is the HPLC chromatogram of compound (25).

[0041] [Figure 23]These are two chromatograms illustrating the chromatographic detection of compound (37) in a mixture with compound (10) using Method 3 (top), and the chromatogram of standard (37) (bottom). [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0042] I. Compounds of the Disclosure In one embodiment, the present disclosure is given by formula (I): [ka] The present invention provides a compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, in which, [ka] This represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0043] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (I) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides a compound having a single bond (where represents a single bond), i.e., compound (1), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0044] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (I) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides a compound having a double bond (wherein is a double bond), i.e., compound (2), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0045] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (II): [ka] The present invention provides a compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, in which, [ka] This represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0046] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (II) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides compounds having a single bond, i.e., compound (3), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0047] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (II) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides compounds having a double bond (wherein represents a double bond), i.e., compound (4), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0048] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (III): [ka] The present invention provides a compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, in which, [ka] This represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0049] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (III) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides compounds having a single bond, i.e., compound (5), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0050] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (III) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides compounds having a double bond (wherein represents a double bond), i.e., compound (6), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0051] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to compound (21): [ka] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0052] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to compound (22): [ka] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0053] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to compound (23): [ka] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0054] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to compound (24): [ka] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0055] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to compound (25): [ka] Or provide a salt or solvate thereof.

[0056] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides the compounds listed in Table 1, or salts or solvates thereof. [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2] [Table 1-3] [Table 1-4] [Table 1-5] [Table 1-6] [Table 1-7] [Table 1-8] [Table 1-9] [Table 1-10]

[0057] The compounds in Section I are collectively referred to as "the Compounds of the Disclosure," and individually as "the Compounds of the Disclosure."

[0058] II. Compositions of the Disclosure In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound of the Disclosure.

[0059] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (I). In another embodiment, the composition contains 0.0001% to 99.9% of formula (I) as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and / or a combination of HPLC and GC chromatography.

[0060] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (1). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (1) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (1) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (1). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (1), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (1). The composition containing compound (1) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (1) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0061] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (2). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (2) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (2) as measured by HPLC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (2). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound(2), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound(2). The composition containing compound(2) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, the composition comprising compound (2) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0062] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (II): [ka] The present invention provides a compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, in which, [ka] This represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0063] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (II) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides compounds having a single bond, i.e., compound (3), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0064] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (II) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides compounds having a double bond (wherein represents a double bond), i.e., compound (4), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0065] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (II), or a salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.0001% to 99.9% of formula (II) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0066] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (3). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (3) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (3) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (3). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (3), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (3). The composition containing compound (3) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, the composition comprising compound (3) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0067] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (4). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (4) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (4) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (4). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (4), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (4). The composition containing compound (4) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, the composition comprising compound (4) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0068] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (4) and compound (10). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 50% to 99.9% of compound (4), for example, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (4) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0069] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (III): [ka] The present invention provides a compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, in which, [ka] This represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0070] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (III) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides compounds having a single bond, i.e., compound (5), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0071] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (III) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides compounds having a double bond (wherein represents a double bond), i.e., compound (6), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0072] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (III), or a salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.0001% to 99.9% of formula (III) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0073] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (5). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (5) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (5) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (5). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (5), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (5). The composition containing compound (5) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (5) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0074] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (6). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (6) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (6) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (6). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (6), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (6). The composition containing compound (6) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (6) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0075] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (7). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (7) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (7) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (7). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (7), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (7). The composition containing compound (7) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, the composition comprising compound (7) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0076] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (8). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (8) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (8) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (8). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (8), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (8). The composition containing compound (8) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, the composition comprising compound (8) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0077] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (IV): [ka] A composition is provided comprising a compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein, [ka] represents a single bond or a double bond. In another embodiment, the composition contains about 50% to 99.9% of formula (IV), for example, about 75% to 99.9%, about 80% to 99.9%, about 85% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of formula (IV), as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0078] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (IV) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides a composition comprising a compound having a single bond (i.e., compound (9), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka] In another embodiment, the composition contains about 25% to 99.9% of compound (9) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition contains about 50% to 99.9% of compound (9), for example, about 75% to 99.9%, about 80% to 99.9%, about 85% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (9) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0079] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to formula (IV) (wherein, [ka] The present invention provides a composition comprising a compound having a double bond (wherein represents a double bond), i.e., compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof. [ka]

[0080] In another embodiment, the composition contains about 25% to 99.9% of compound (10) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition contains about 50% to 99.9% of compound (10) as measured by HPLC and / or analysis, for example, about 75% to 99.9%, about 80% to 99.9%, about 85% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 55% to 99.9% of compound (10). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 25%, about 30%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99% of compound (10). The composition comprising compound (10) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. Such compositions may contain, as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, about 0.000001% to about 15% of one or more other compounds of the present disclosure, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of one or more other compounds of the present disclosure.

[0081] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (11A). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (11A) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (11A) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (11A). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (11A) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (11A). The composition containing compound (11A) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (11A) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0082] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (11B). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (11B) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (11B) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (11B). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (11B), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (11B). The composition containing compound (11B) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (11B) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0083] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (12). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (12) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (12) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (12). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (12), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (12). The composition containing compound (12) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (12) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0084] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (13). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (13) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (13) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (13). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (13), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (13). The composition containing compound (13) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (13) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0085] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (14). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (14) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (14) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (14). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (14), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (14). The composition containing compound (14) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (14) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0086] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (15). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (15) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (15) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (15). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (15), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (15). The composition containing compound (15) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (15) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0087] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (16). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (16) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (16) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (16). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (16), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (16). The composition containing compound (16) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (16) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0088] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (17). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (17) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (17) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (17). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (17), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (17). The composition containing compound (17) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (17) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0089] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (18). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (18) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (18) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (118). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (18), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (18). The composition containing compound (18) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (18) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0090] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (19). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (19) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (19) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (19). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (19), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (19). The composition containing compound (19) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (19) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0091] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (20A). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (20A) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (20A) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (20A). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (20A) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (20A). The composition containing compound (20A) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (20A) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0092] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (20B). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (20B) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (20B) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (20B). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (20B) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (20B). The composition containing compound (20B) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (20B) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0093] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (21). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (21) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (21) as measured by HPLC and / or analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (21). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (21), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (21). The composition containing compound (21) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (21) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0094] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (22). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (22) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (22) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (22). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (22), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (22). The composition containing compound (22) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (22) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0095] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (23). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (23) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 50% to 99.9% of compound (23) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 75% to 99.9%, about 80% to 99.9%, about 85% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 55% to 99.9% of compound (23). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (23), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (23). The composition containing compound (23) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (23) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0096] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (24). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (24) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 50% to 99.9% of compound (24) as measured by HPLC analysis, for example, about 75% to 99.9%, about 80% to 99.9%, about 85% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 55% to 99.9% of compound (24). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (24), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (24). The composition containing compound (24) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (24) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0097] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (25). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (25) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (25) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (25). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (25), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (25). The composition containing compound (25) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (25) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0098] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (26). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (26) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (26) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (26). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (26), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (26). The composition containing compound (26) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (26) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0099] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (27A). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (27A) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (27A) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (27A). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (27A) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (27A). The composition containing compound (27A) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (27A) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0100] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (27B). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (27B) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (27B) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (27B). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (27B) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (27B). The composition containing compound (27B) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (27B) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0101] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (28). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (28) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (28) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (28). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (28), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (28). The composition containing compound (28) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (28) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0102] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (29). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (29) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (29) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (29). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (29), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (29). The composition containing compound (29) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (29) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0103] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (30). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (30) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (30) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (30). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (30), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (30). The composition containing compound (30) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (30) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0104] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (31). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (31) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (31) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (31). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (31), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (31). The composition containing compound (31) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (31) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0105] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (32). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (32) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (32) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (32). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (32), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (32). The composition containing compound (32) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, the composition comprising compound (32) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0106] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (33). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (33) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (33) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (33). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (33), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (33). The composition containing compound (33) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (33) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0107] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (34). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (34) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (34) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (34). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (34), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (34). The composition containing compound (34) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (34) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0108] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (35). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (35) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (35) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (35). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (35), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (35). The composition containing compound (35) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (35) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0109] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (36). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (36) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (36) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (36). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (36), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (36). The composition containing compound (36) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (36) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0110] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (37). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (37) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (37) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (37). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (37), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (37). The composition containing compound (37) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (37) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0111] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (38). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (38) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (38) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (38). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (38), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (38). The composition containing compound (38) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (38) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0112] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (39). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (39) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (39) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (39). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (39), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (39). The composition containing compound (39) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (39) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0113] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (40). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (40) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (40) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (40). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (40), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (40). A composition containing compound (0) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (40) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0114] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (41). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (41) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (41) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (41). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (41), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (41). The composition containing compound (41) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (41) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0115] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (42). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (42) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (42) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (42). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (42), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (42). The composition containing compound (42) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (42) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0116] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (43). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (43) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (43) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (43). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (43), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (43). The composition containing compound (43) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (43) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0117] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (44). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (44) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (44) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (44). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (44), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (44). The composition containing compound (44) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (44) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0118] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (45). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (45) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (45) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (45). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (45), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (45). The composition containing compound (45) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (45) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0119] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (46). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (46) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (46) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (46). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (46), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (46). The composition containing compound (46) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (46) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0120] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (47). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (47) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (47) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (47). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (47), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (47). The composition containing compound (47) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (47) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0121] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (48). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (48) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (48) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (48). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (48), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (48). The composition containing compound (48) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (48) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0122] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (49). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (49) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (49) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (49). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (49), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (49). The composition containing compound (49) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (49) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0123] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (50). In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.000001% to 99.9% of compound (50) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis. In another embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.0001% to 99.9% of compound (50) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.0001% to about 50%, about 0.0001% to about 25%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 50% to 99.9%, about 75% to 99.9%, about 90% to 99.9%, or about 95% to 99.9% of compound (50). In another embodiment, the composition contains about 0.000001% to about 15% of compound (50), as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, for example, about 0.000001% to about 10%, about 0.000001% to about 5%, about 0.000001% to about 3%, about 0.000001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 3%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.00001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 3%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 3%, or about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (50). The composition containing compound (50) may optionally contain one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1. In one embodiment, a composition comprising compound (50) also comprises compound (10) and optionally one or more of the other compounds of the Disclosure listed in Table 1.

[0124] In another embodiment, the disclosure relates to compounds having formula (IV), for example, compound (9) or compound (10), or salts or solvates thereof: and

[0125] (a) Compounds having formula (I), for example, compound (1) or compound (2), or their salts or solvates: [ka]

[0126] (b) Compounds having formula (II), for example, compound (3) or compound (4), or their salts or solvates: [Chemical formula]

[0127] (c) A compound having formula (III), for example, compound (5) or compound (6), or a salt or solvate thereof: [Chemical formula]

[0128] (d) Compound (7), or a salt or solvate thereof: [Chemical formula]

[0129] (e) Compound (8), or a salt or solvate thereof: [Chemical formula]

[0130] (f) Compound (11A), or a salt or solvate thereof: [Chemical formula]

[0131] (g) Compound (11B), or a salt or solvate thereof: [Chemical formula]

[0132] (h) Compound (20A), or a salt or solvate thereof: [Chemical formula]

[0133] (i) Compound (20B), or a salt or solvate thereof: [Chemical formula]

[0134] (j) Compound (21), or its salt or solvate: [ka]

[0135] (k) Compound (22), or its salt or solvate: [ka]

[0136] (l) Compound (23), or its salt or solvate: [ka]

[0137] (m) Compound (24), or its salt or solvate: [ka]

[0138] (n) Compound (25), or its salt or solvate: [ka]

[0139] (o) Compound (37), or its salt or solvate: [ka]

[0140] (p) a compound of formula (I), or a salt or solvate thereof; a compound of formula (II), or a salt or solvate thereof; a compound of formula (III), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (7), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (8), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (11A), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (11B), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (20A), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (20B), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (21), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (22), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (23), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (24), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (25), or a salt or solvate thereof; compound (37), or a salt or solvate thereof,

[0141] to provide a composition comprising, wherein,

Chemical formula

[0142] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides compositions comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a compound having formula (I), or a salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises formula (IV) and, as measured by HPLC analysis, about 0.001% to about 10% of formula (I), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, or about 0.05% to about 0.5% of formula (I). In another embodiment, the composition comprises formula (IV) and about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, or about 1% of formula (I). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (I) is compound (1). In yet another embodiment, the compound having formula (I) is compound (2).

[0143] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a compound having formula (I), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of formula (I) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (I) is compound (1). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (I) is compound (2).

[0144] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides compositions comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a compound having formula (II), or a salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises formula (IV) and, as measured by HPLC analysis, about 0.001% to about 10% of formula (II), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of formula (II). In another embodiment, the composition is formula (IV) and contains about 0.01%, about 0.2%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, about 0.3%, about 0.31%, about 0.32%, about 0.33%, about 0.34%, about 0.35%, about The compounds contain formula (II) in amounts of 0.36%, approximately 0.37%, approximately 0.38%, approximately 0.39%, approximately 0.4%, approximately 0.41%, approximately 0.42%, approximately 0.43%, approximately 0.44%, approximately 0.45%, approximately 0.46%, approximately 0.47%, approximately 0.48%, approximately 0.49%, approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.6%, approximately 0.7%, approximately 0.8%, approximately 0.9%, or approximately 1%. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (II) is compound (3). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (II) is compound (4).

[0145] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a compound having formula (II), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of formula (II) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (II) is compound (3). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (II) is compound (4).

[0146] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a compound having formula (III), or a salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises formula (IV) and, as measured by HPLC analysis, about 0.001% to about 10% of formula (III), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, or about 0.1% to about 5% of formula (III). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (III) is compound (5). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (III) is compound (6).

[0147] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a compound having formula (III), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of formula (III) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (III) is compound (5). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (III) is compound (6).

[0148] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a composition comprising compound (7), or a salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises formula (IV) and, as measured by HPLC analysis, about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (7), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, or about 0.1% to about 5% of compound (7). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0149] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a composition comprising compound (7), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (7) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0150] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a composition comprising compound (8), or a salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises formula (IV) and, as measured by HPLC analysis, about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (8), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, or about 0.1% to about 5% of compound (8). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0151] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a composition comprising compound (8), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (8) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0152] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a composition comprising compound (11), or a salt or solvate thereof. In another embodiment, the composition comprises formula (IV) and, as measured by HPLC analysis, about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (11), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, or about 0.1% to about 5% of compound (11). In another embodiment, the composition is approximately 0.01%, approximately 0.02%, approximately 0.03%, approximately 0.04%, approximately 0.05%, approximately 0.06%, approximately 0.07%, approximately 0.08%, approximately 0.09%, approximately 0.1%, approximately 0.11%, approximately 0.12%, approximately 0.13%, approximately 0.14%, approximately 0.15%, approximately 0.16%, approximately 0.17%, approximately 0.1 The mixture contains compound (11) in amounts of 8%, approximately 0.19%, approximately 0.2%, approximately 0.21%, approximately 0.22%, approximately 0.23%, approximately 0.24%, approximately 0.25%, approximately 0.26%, approximately 0.27%, approximately 0.28%, approximately 0.29%, approximately 0.3%, approximately 0.4%, approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.6%, approximately 0.7%, approximately 0.8%, approximately 0.9%, or approximately 1%. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0153] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (11A), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (11A) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0154] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (11B), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (11B) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0155] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (20A), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (20A) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0156] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (20B), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (20B) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0157] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (21), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (21) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0158] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (2), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0159] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (2), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (2) to compound (10) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005.

[0160] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides compositions comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (21), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0161] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (21), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (21) to compound (10) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005.

[0162] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10) or a salt or solvate thereof, compound (2) or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (21) or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0163] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10) or a salt or solvate thereof, compound (2) or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (21) or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (2) to compound (10) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005, and the weight ratio of compound (21) to compound (10) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005.

[0164] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (22), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (22) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0165] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (22), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0166] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (22), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (22) to compound (10) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005.

[0167] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10) or a salt or solvate thereof, compound (2) or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (22) or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0168] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10) or a salt or solvate thereof, compound (2) or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (22) or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (2) to compound (10) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005, and the weight ratio of compound (22) to compound (10) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005.

[0169] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a composition comprising compound (23), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (23) to formula (IV) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0170] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (23), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0171] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (23), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (23) to compound (10) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005.

[0172] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a composition comprising compound (24), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (24) to formula (IV) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005. In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9). In another embodiment, the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0173] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides compositions comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (24), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0174] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (24), or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein the weight ratio of compound (24) to compound (10) is 0.0001 to 0.1, for example, 0.001 to 0.05, 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.001 to 0.005.

[0175] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising the compounds listed in Table 1.

[0176] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a composition comprising compound (10) and at least one other compound from Table 1.

[0177] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising about 80% to about 99% of compound(10), for example, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 99%, or about 95% to about 99% of compound(10), and 0.0001% to 5%, for example, 0.001% to 3%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.01% to 1%, or 0.1% to 1% of at least one other compound from Table 1.

[0178] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising about 80% to about 99% of compound (10), for example, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 99%, or about 95% to about 99% of compound (10), and 0.0001% to 5% of compound (2), for example, 0.001% to 3%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.01% to 1%, or 0.1% to 1% of compound (2).

[0179] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising about 80% to about 99% of compound (10), for example, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 99%, or about 95% to about 99% of compound (10), and 0.0001% to 5% of compound (21), for example, 0.001% to 3%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.01% to 1%, or 0.1% to 1% of compound (21).

[0180] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising about 80% to about 99% of compound (10), for example, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 99%, or about 95% to about 99% of compound (10); 0.0001% to 5% of compound (2), for example, 0.001% to 3%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.01% to 1%, or 0.1% to 1% of compound (2); and 0.0001% to 5% of compound (21), for example, 0.001% to 3%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.01% to 1%, or 0.1% to 1% of compound (21).

[0181] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising about 80% to about 99% of compound (10), for example, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 99%, or about 95% to about 99% of compound (10), and 0.0001% to 5% of compound (22), for example, 0.001% to 3%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.01% to 1%, or 0.1% to 1% of compound (22).

[0182] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising about 80% to about 99% of compound (10), for example, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 99%, or about 95% to about 99% of compound (10), and 0.0001% to 5% of compound (23), for example, 0.001% to 3%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.01% to 1%, or 0.1% to 1% of compound (23).

[0183] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a composition comprising about 80% to about 99% of compound (10), for example, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 99%, or about 95% to about 99% of compound (10), and 0.0001% to 5% of compound (24), for example, 0.001% to 3%, 0.001% to 1%, 0.01% to 1%, or 0.1% to 1% of compound (24).

[0184] This disclosure provides the following specific compositional embodiments with respect to compositions comprising compound (10).

[0185] Composition Embodiment 1. A composition,

[0186] (i) Compound (10), or its salt or solvate, and

[0187] (ii) comprising one or more molecules, or salts or solvates thereof,

[0188] A composition in which one or more molecules are selected from the group consisting of compounds (1) to (9), (11A), (11B), (12) to (19), (20A), (20B), (21) to (26), (27A), (27B), and (28) to (50) in Table 1, or combinations thereof.

[0189] Composition Embodiment 2. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition contains compound (1) as a molecule.

[0190] Composition Embodiment 3. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the composition comprises compound (2) as a molecule.

[0191] Composition Embodiment 4. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the composition comprises compound (3) as a molecule.

[0192] Composition Embodiment 5. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the composition comprises compound (4) as a molecule.

[0193] Composition Embodiment 6. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (5) as a molecule.

[0194] Composition Embodiment 7. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the composition comprises compound (6) as a molecule.

[0195] Composition Embodiment 8. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the composition comprises compound (7) as a molecule.

[0196] Composition Embodiment 9. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the composition comprises compound (8) as a molecule.

[0197] Composition Embodiment 10. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the composition contains compound (9) as a molecule.

[0198] Composition Embodiment 11. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the composition comprises compound (11A) as a molecule.

[0199] Composition Embodiment 12. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the composition comprises compound (11B) as a molecule.

[0200] Composition Embodiment 13. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the composition comprises compound (12) as a molecule.

[0201] Composition Embodiment 14. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the composition comprises compound (13) as a molecule.

[0202] Composition Embodiment 15. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the composition comprises compound (14) as a molecule.

[0203] Composition Embodiment 16. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the composition comprises compound (15) as a molecule.

[0204] Composition Embodiment 17. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the composition comprises compound (16) as a molecule.

[0205] Composition Embodiment 18. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the composition comprises compound (17) as a molecule.

[0206] Composition Embodiment 19. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the composition comprises compound (18) as a molecule.

[0207] Composition Embodiment 20. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the composition comprises compound (19) as a molecule.

[0208] Composition Embodiment 21. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the composition contains compound (20A) as a molecule.

[0209] Composition Embodiment 22. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the composition contains compound (20B) as a molecule.

[0210] Composition Embodiment 23. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the composition comprises compound (21) as a molecule.

[0211] Composition Embodiment 24. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 23, wherein the composition comprises compound (22) as a molecule.

[0212] Composition Embodiment 25. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 24, wherein the composition comprises compound (23) as a molecule.

[0213] Composition Embodiment 26. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the composition comprises compound (24) as a molecule.

[0214] Composition Embodiment 27. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 26, wherein the composition comprises compound (25) as a molecule.

[0215] Composition Embodiment 28. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 27, wherein the composition comprises compound (26) as a molecule.

[0216] Composition Embodiment 29. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the composition contains compound (27A) as a molecule.

[0217] Composition Embodiment 30. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the composition contains compound (27B) as a molecule.

[0218] Composition Embodiment 31. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the composition comprises compound (28) as a molecule.

[0219] Composition Embodiment 32. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the composition comprises compound (29) as a molecule.

[0220] Composition Embodiment 33. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 32, wherein the composition comprises compound (30) as a molecule.

[0221] Composition Embodiment 34. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 33, wherein the composition comprises compound (31) as a molecule.

[0222] Composition Embodiment 35. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 34, wherein the composition comprises compound (32) as a molecule.

[0223] Composition Embodiment 36. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the composition comprises compound (33) as a molecule.

[0224] Composition Embodiment 37. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the composition comprises compound (34) as a molecule.

[0225] Composition Embodiment 38. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 37, wherein the composition comprises compound (35) as a molecule.

[0226] Composition Embodiment 39. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 38, wherein the composition comprises compound (36) as a molecule.

[0227] Composition Embodiment 40. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 39, wherein the composition comprises compound (37) as a molecule.

[0228] Composition Embodiment 41. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 40, wherein the composition comprises compound (38) as a molecule.

[0229] Composition Embodiment 42. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 41, wherein the composition comprises compound (39) as a molecule.

[0230] Composition Embodiment 43. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 2, wherein the composition comprises compound (40) as a molecule.

[0231] Composition Embodiment 44. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 43, wherein the composition comprises compound (41) as a molecule.

[0232] Composition Embodiment 45. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 44, wherein the composition comprises compound (42) as a molecule.

[0233] Composition Embodiment 46. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 45, wherein the composition comprises compound (43) as a molecule.

[0234] Composition Embodiment 47. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 46, wherein the composition comprises compound (44) as a molecule.

[0235] Composition Embodiment 48. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 47, wherein the composition comprises compound (45) as a molecule.

[0236] Composition Embodiment 49. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 48, wherein the composition comprises compound (46) as a molecule.

[0237] Composition Embodiment 50. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 49, wherein the composition comprises compound (47) as a molecule.

[0238] Composition Embodiment 51. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 50, wherein the composition comprises compound (48) as a molecule.

[0239] Composition Embodiment 52. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 51, wherein the composition comprises compound (49) as a molecule.

[0240] Composition Embodiment 53. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 52, wherein the composition comprises compound (50) as a molecule.

[0241] Composition Embodiment 54. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (2) and compound (21) as molecules.

[0242] Composition Embodiment 55. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (2) and compound (25) as molecules.

[0243] Composition Embodiment 56. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (2) and compound (37) as molecules.

[0244] Composition Embodiment 57. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (21) and compound (25) as molecules.

[0245] Composition Embodiment 58. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (21) and compound (37) as molecules.

[0246] Composition Embodiment 59. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (25) and compound (37) as molecules.

[0247] Composition Embodiment 60. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (2), compound (21), and compound (25) as molecules.

[0248] Composition Embodiment 61. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (2), compound (21), and compound (37) as molecules.

[0249] Composition Embodiment 62. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (2), compound (25), and compound (37) as molecules.

[0250] Composition Embodiment 63. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (21), compound (25), and compound (37) as molecules.

[0251] Composition Embodiment 64. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 1, wherein the composition comprises compound (2), compound (21), compound (25), and compound (37) as molecules.

[0252] Composition Embodiment 65. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 5 to 66, comprising approximately 25% to approximately 99% of compound (10) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0253] Composition Embodiment 66. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 65, comprising about 50% to about 99% of compound (10) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0254] Composition Embodiment 67. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 67, comprising approximately 89% to approximately 99% of compound (10) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0255] Composition Embodiment 68. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 5 to 66, comprising about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99% of the compound (10) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0256] Composition Embodiment 69. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 5 to 68, which contains any one or more molecules in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 10% as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0257] Composition Embodiment 70. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 69, which contains any one or more molecules in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 5% as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0258] Composition Embodiment 71. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 69, which contains any one or more molecules in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 10% as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0259] Composition Embodiment 72. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 71, which contains any one or more molecules in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0260] Composition Embodiment 72. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 72, which contains any one or more molecules in an amount of about 0.001% to about 3% as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

[0261] Composition Embodiment 73. The composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 5 to 68, wherein the weight ratio of any one or more molecules to compound (10) is 0.000001 to 0.1.

[0262] Composition Embodiment 74. A composition comprising compound (10), and

[0263] (i) Based on HPLC analysis, approximately 0.000001% to approximately 5% of the compound (2)

[0264] (ii) Based on HPLC analysis, approximately 0.000001% to approximately 5% of the compound (21)

[0265] (iii) Based on HPLC analysis, approximately 0.000001% to approximately 5% of the compound (25), and / or

[0266] (iv) A composition containing approximately 0.000001% to approximately 5% of compound (37) as determined by HPLC analysis.

[0267] Composition Embodiment 75. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 74, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 2% of compound (2) based on HPLC analysis.

[0268] Composition Embodiment 76. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 75, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 1% of compound (2) based on HPLC analysis.

[0269] Composition Embodiment 77. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 76, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.5% of compound (2) based on HPLC analysis.

[0270] Composition Embodiment 78. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 77, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.25% of compound (2) based on HPLC analysis.

[0271] Composition Embodiment 79. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 78, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.1% of compound (2) based on HPLC analysis.

[0272] Composition Embodiment 80. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 76, comprising about 0.001% to about 1% of compound (2) based on HPLC analysis.

[0273] Composition Embodiment 81. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 80, comprising about 0.01% to about 1% of compound (2) based on HPLC analysis.

[0274] Composition Embodiment 82. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 81, comprising about 0.1% to about 1% of compound (2) based on HPLC analysis.

[0275] Composition Embodiment 83. A composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 74 to 82, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 2% of compound (21) based on HPLC analysis.

[0276] Composition Embodiment 84. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 83, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 1% of compound (21) as determined by HPLC analysis.

[0277] Composition Embodiment 85. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 84, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.5% of compound (21) based on HPLC analysis.

[0278] Composition Embodiment 86. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 85, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.25% of compound (21) based on HPLC analysis.

[0279] Composition Embodiment 87. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 86, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.1% of compound (21) based on HPLC analysis.

[0280] Composition Embodiment 88. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 84, comprising approximately 0.001% to approximately 1% of compound (21) based on HPLC analysis.

[0281] Composition Embodiment 89. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 88, comprising about 0.01% to about 1% of compound (21) based on HPLC analysis.

[0282] Composition Embodiment 90. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 89, comprising about 0.1% to about 1% of compound (21) based on HPLC analysis.

[0283] Composition Embodiment 91. A composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 74 to 90, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 2% of compound (25) based on HPLC analysis.

[0284] Composition Embodiment 92. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 91, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 1% of compound (25) based on HPLC analysis.

[0285] Composition Embodiment 93. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 92, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.5% of compound (25) based on HPLC analysis.

[0286] Composition Embodiment 94. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 93, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.25% of compound (25) based on HPLC analysis.

[0287] Composition Embodiment 95. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 94, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.1% of compound (25) based on HPLC analysis.

[0288] Composition Embodiment 96. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 92, comprising approximately 0.001% to approximately 1% of compound (25) based on HPLC analysis.

[0289] Composition Embodiment 97. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 96, comprising approximately 0.01% to approximately 1% of compound (25) based on HPLC analysis.

[0290] Composition Embodiment 98. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 97, comprising about 0.1% to about 1% of compound (25) based on HPLC analysis.

[0291] Composition Embodiment 99. A composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 74 to 98, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 2% of compound (37) based on HPLC analysis.

[0292] Composition Embodiment 100. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 99, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 1% of compound (37) based on HPLC analysis.

[0293] Composition Embodiment 101. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 100, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.5% of compound (37) based on HPLC analysis.

[0294] Composition Embodiment 102. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 101, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.25% of compound (37) based on HPLC analysis.

[0295] Composition Embodiment 103. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 102, comprising approximately 0.000001% to approximately 0.1% of compound (37) based on HPLC analysis.

[0296] Composition Embodiment 104. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 100, comprising approximately 0.001% to approximately 1% of compound (37) based on HPLC analysis.

[0297] Composition Embodiment 105. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 104, comprising approximately 0.01% to approximately 1% of compound (37) based on HPLC analysis.

[0298] Composition Embodiment 106. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 105, comprising approximately 0.1% to approximately 1% of compound (37) based on HPLC analysis.

[0299] Composition Embodiment 107. A composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 74 to 106, comprising approximately 50% to approximately 99.9% of compound (10) based on HPLC analysis.

[0300] Composition Embodiment 108. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 107, comprising approximately 75% to approximately 99.9% of compound (10) based on HPLC analysis.

[0301] Composition Embodiment 109. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 108, comprising approximately 80% to approximately 99.9% of compound (10) based on HPLC analysis.

[0302] Composition Embodiment 110. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 109, comprising approximately 85% to approximately 99.9% of compound (10) based on HPLC analysis.

[0303] Composition Embodiment 111. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 110, comprising approximately 90% to approximately 99.9% of compound (10) based on HPLC analysis.

[0304] Composition Embodiment 112. The composition according to Composition Embodiment 111, comprising approximately 95% to approximately 99.9% of compound (10) based on HPLC analysis.

[0305] The compositions in Section II are collectively referred to as the "Compositions of the Disclosure," and individually as the "Compositions of the Disclosure."

[0306] III. Tire Compositions of the Disclosure In another embodiment, the present disclosure is a composition (collectively referred to as the “Tire Compositions of the Disclosure” or individually as the “Tire Compositions of the Disclosure”) (i) Compounds or compositions relating to the present disclosure, and (ii) One or more elastomers, or (iii) One or more fillers, (iv) One or more rubber chemicals, (v) One or more plasticizers, (vi) One or more second deterioration inhibitors, (vii) A composition comprising a combination of one or more elastomers, one or more fillers, one or more rubber chemicals, one or more plasticizers, and / or one or more second degradation inhibitors.

[0307] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises from about 0.1 wt / wt% to about 99 wt / wt%, for example, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of the compound or composition of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.1 wt / wt% to about 1 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 5 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 15 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 25 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 35 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 45 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 15 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 25 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 35 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 45 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 25 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 35 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 45 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 35 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 45 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from aboutApproximately 55wt / wt% to approximately 65wt / wt%, approximately 55wt / wt% to approximately 75wt / wt%, approximately 55wt / wt% to approximately 85wt / wt%, approximately 55wt / wt% to approximately 95wt / wt%, approximately 65wt / wt% to approximately 75wt / wt%, approximately 65wt / wt% ~ about 85 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, or about 85 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt% of a compound or composition of the present disclosure. ,

[0308] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the Disclosure comprises about 50 wt / wt% of the Compound or Composition of the Disclosure. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 wt / wt%, about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 15 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt% of the Compound or Composition of the Disclosure.

[0309] In another embodiment, the tire composition of the Disclosure comprises a compound or composition of the Disclosure and one or more elastomers.

[0310] As used herein, the term “elastomer” refers to a viscoelastic (i.e., having both viscosity and elasticity) polymer that typically has low intermolecular forces, a low Young's modulus, and a high fracture strain. Elastomers can typically be crosslinked by heating in the presence of one or more crosslinking agents, a process called curing or vulcanization. Rubber is one type of elastomer. Non-limiting types of rubber include natural rubber (NR), synthetic rubber, and blends thereof. As used herein, the term “natural rubber” refers to a naturally occurring elastomer that can be obtained from the Hevea rubber tree. Non-limiting types of synthetic rubber include unsaturated rubber, saturated rubber, rubber having fluoro and fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy substituents on the polymer chain (FKM), silicone rubber (Q), or blends thereof. Non-exclusive examples of unsaturated rubbers include polyisoprene rubber (IR), butyl rubber (IIR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber (SIBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), and blends thereof. These unsaturated rubbers undergo cyclization and crosslinking reactions, which lead to hardening of aged portions. When oxidation occurs, these vulcanized products harden and eventually become brittle. Partial oxidation of vulcanized products results in reduced performance when used in applications such as vehicle tire sidewalls. Saturated rubber is a type of rubber that does not contain C=C unsaturated rubber and includes, but is not limited to, acrylic rubber (ACM), chlorinated polyethylene (CM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), polychloromethyloxirane (CO), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EAM), epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), ethylene propylene rubber (EPM), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVM), rubber having fluoro and fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy substituents on the polymer chain (FKM), silicone rubber (Q), or blends thereof.

[0311] In some embodiments, natural rubber includes rubber derived from alternative rubber plants. As used herein, the term “natural rubber includes rubber derived from alternative rubber plants” refers to naturally occurring elastomers that can be obtained from “non-hevea” sources. In some embodiments, the alternative rubber plant is Parthenium argentatum (guayule) or Taraxacum kok-saghyz (Russian dandelion).

[0312] In some embodiments, one or more elastomers further comprise recycled rubber. As used herein, the term “recycled rubber” refers to elastomers recycled from scrap materials such as used tires.

[0313] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more elastomers in an amount of about 15 wt / wt% to about 99 wt / wt%. In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more elastomers in an amount of about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%. In several configurations, this composition has a yield of approximately 1 wt / wt% to 5 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 25 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 35 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 45 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 55 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 65 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 75 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 85 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 95 wt / wt%, and approximately 5 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, about 5wt / wt% to about 25wt / wt%, about 5wt / wt% to about 35wt / wt%, about 5wt / wt% to about 45wt / wt%, about 5wt / wt% to about 55wt / wt%, about 5wt / wt% to about 65wt / wt%, about 5wt / wt% ~75wt / wt%, approximately 5wt / wt%~approximately 85wt / wt%, approximately 5wt / wt%~approximately 95wt / wt%, approximately 15wt / wt%~approximately 25wt / wt%, approximately 15wt / wt%~approximately 35wt / wt%, approximately 15wt / wt%~approximately 45wt / wt%, approx. 15wt / wt%~about 55wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt%~about 65wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt%~about 75wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt%~about 95wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt%~about 35wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt%~ Approximately 45wt / wt%, approximately 25wt / wt% to approximately 55wt / wt%, approximately 25wt / wt% to approximately 65wt / wt%, approximately 25wt / wt% to approximately 75wt / wt%, approximately 25wt / wt% to approximately 85wt / wt%, approximately 25wt / wt% to approximately 95wt / wt%, About 35wt / wt%~about 45wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt%~about 55wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt%~about 65wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt%~about 75wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt%~about 85wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt%~ Approximately 95wt / wt%, approximately 45wt / wt% to approximately 55wt / wt%, approximately 45wt / wt% to approximately 65wt / wt%, approximately 45wt / wt% to approximately 75wt / wt%, approximately 45wt / wt% to approximately 85wt / wt%, approximately 45wt / wt% to approximately 95wt / wt%,Approximately 55wt / wt% to approximately 65wt / wt%, approximately 55wt / wt% to approximately 75wt / wt%, approximately 55wt / wt% to approximately 85wt / wt%, approximately 55wt / wt% to approximately 95wt / wt%, approximately 65wt / wt% to approximately 75wt / wt%, approximately 65wt / wt % to about 85 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, or about 85 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt% of one or more elastomers. ,

[0314] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more elastomers in an amount of about 50 wt / wt%. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more elastomers in an amount of about 1 wt / wt%, about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 15 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt%.

[0315] As used herein, the term "phr" refers to parts per 100 parts by weight of rubber. The parts by weight of individual components is based on 100 parts by weight of the total mass of one or more elastomers present in the composition.

[0316] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the disclosed herein comprises about 1 phr to about 5 phr of the compound or composition of the disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01 phr to about 0.1 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 0.5 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 1 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 2 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 3 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 4 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 5 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 7.5 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 10 phr, about 0.01 phr to Approx. 20 phr, approx. 0.1 phr ~ approx. 0.5 phr, approx. 0.1 phr ~ approx. 1 phr, approx. 0.1 phr ~ approx. 2 phr, approx. 0.1 phr ~ approx. 3 phr, approx. 0.1 phr ~ approx. 4 phr, approx. r ~ about 5 phr, about 0.1 phr - about 7.5 phr, about 0.1 phr - about 10 phr, about 0.1 phr - about 20 phr, about 1 phr - about 2 phr, about 1 phr - about 3 phr, about 1 phr - about 4 phr, approximately 1 phr to approximately 7.5 phr, approximately 1 phr to approximately 10 phr, approximately 1 phr to approximately 20 phr, approximately 2 phr to approximately 3 phr, approximately 2 phr to approximately 4 phr, approximately 2 phr to approximately 5 phr, approximately 2 phr to approximately 7.5 phr, approximately 2 phr to approximately 10 phr, approximately 2 phr to approximately 20 phr, approximately 3 phr to approximately 4 phr, approximately 3 phr to approximately 5 phr, approximately 3 phr to approximately 7.5 phr, approximately 3 phr to approximately 10 phr The compounds or compositions of this disclosure include hr, approximately 3 phr to approximately 20 phr, approximately 4 phr to approximately 5 phr, approximately 4 phr to approximately 7.5 phr, approximately 4 phr to approximately 10 phr, approximately 4 phr to approximately 20 phr, approximately 5 phr to approximately 7.5 phr, approximately 5 phr to approximately 10 phr, approximately 5 phr to approximately 20 phr, approximately 7.5 phr to approximately 10 phr, approximately 7.5 phr to approximately 20 phr, or approximately 10 phr to approximately 20 phr.

[0317] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the Disclosure comprises about 3 phr of the Compound or Composition of the Disclosure. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01 phr, about 0.1 phr, about 0.5 phr, about 1 phr, about 2 phr, about 3 phr, about 4 phr, about 5 phr, about 7.5 phr, about 10 phr, or about 20 phr of the Compound or Composition of the Disclosure.

[0318] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the Disclosure comprises a compound or composition of the Disclosure and one or more fillers.

[0319] As used herein, the term “filler” refers to a substance that strengthens an elastomer composition or imparts to an elastomer composition other properties, including but not limited to increasing the volume of the composition. Non-limiting examples of fillers include carbon black, silica, kaolin, calcium silicate, talc, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon fibers (HCF), graphite, graphene, aluminosilicate, starch, and fibers, as well as combinations thereof.

[0320] In some embodiments, the filler is derived from a natural source. For example, silica may be derived from rice husks.

[0321] The shape of the product is the same, the composition of this disclosure is the same, and the filling content is about 15wt / wt% ~ about 85wt / wt% or more. The actual form of this composition is approximately 1 wt / wt% to 5 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 25 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 35 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 45 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 55 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 65 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 75 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 85 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 95 wt / wt%, approximately 5 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, approximately 5 wt / wt%. ~approx. 25 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 35 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 45 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 55 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 65 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 75 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 85 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 95 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 25 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 35 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 45 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 55 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 65wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt% to about 75wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt% to about 95wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 35wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 45wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 55wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 65wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 75wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 85wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 95wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% to about 45wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% to about 55wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 95wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 55wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 95wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%.It contains one or more fillers in the following proportions: approximately 55 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to approximately 75 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to approximately 85 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%, approximately 75 wt / wt% to approximately 85 wt / wt%, approximately 75 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%, or approximately 85 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%.

[0322] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more fillers in an amount of about 50 wt / wt%. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more fillers in an amount of about 1 wt / wt%, about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 15 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt%.

[0323] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more fillers in a range of about 30 phr to about 500 phr. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 30 phr to about 50 phr, about 30 phr to about 100 phr, about 30 phr to about 150 phr, about 30 phr to about 200 phr, about 30 phr to about 250 phr, about 30 phr to about 300 phr, about 30 phr to about 350 phr, about 30 phr to about 400 phr, about 30 phr to about 450 phr, about 30 phr to about 500 phr, about 50 phr to about 100 phr, about 50 phr to about 150 phr, about 50 phr to about 200 phr, about 50 phr to about 250 phr, about 50 phr to about 300 phr, about 50 phr to about 350 phr, about 50 phr to about 400 phr, about 50 phr to about 450 phr, about 50 phr to about 500 phr, about 100 phr to about 150 phr, about 100 phr to about 200 phr, Approximately 100 phr to approximately 250 phr, approximately 100 phr to approximately 300 phr, approximately 100 phr to approximately 350 phr, approximately 100 phr to approximately 400 phr, approximately 100 phr to approximately 450 phr, approximately 100 phr to approximately 500 phr, approximately 150 phr to approximately 200 phr, Approx. 150phr~Approx. 250phr, Approx. 150phr~Approx. 300phr, Approx. 150phr~Approx. 350phr, Approx. 150phr~Approx. 400phr, Approx. 150phr~Approx. 450phr, Approx. , about 200 phr to about 300 phr, about 200 phr to about 350 phr, about 200 phr to about 400 phr, about 200 phr to about 450 phr, about 200 phr to about 500 phr, about 250 phr to about 300 phr, about 250 phr to about 350 phr It contains one or more fillers of approximately 250 phr to 400 phr, approximately 250 phr to 450 phr, approximately 250 phr to 500 phr, approximately 300 phr to 350 phr, approximately 300 phr to 400 phr, approximately 300 phr to 450 phr, approximately 300 phr to 500 phr, approximately 350 phr to 400 phr, approximately 350 phr to 450 phr, approximately 350 phr to 500 phr, approximately 400 phr to 450 phr, approximately 400 phr to 500 phr, or approximately 450 phr to 500 phr.

[0324] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more fillers in an amount of about 300 phr. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more fillers in an amount of about 30 phr, about 50 phr, about 100 phr, about 150 phr, about 200 phr, about 250 phr, about 350 phr, about 400 phr, about 450 phr, or about 500 phr.

[0325] In some embodiments, the tire compositions of the present disclosure comprise the compounds or compositions of the present disclosure and one or more rubber chemicals. As used herein, the term “rubber chemical” refers to a compound or substance used to accelerate the vulcanization of rubber. Examples of rubber chemicals include, but are not limited to, vulcanizing agents, accelerators, activators, and pre-vulcanization inhibitors.

[0326] As used herein, the term "vulcanization" refers to the process of forming crosslinks between elastomers to alter the material properties of the elastomer. In particular, vulcanization typically increases the stiffness and durability of the elastomer. Vulcanization is carried out at room temperature or high temperature, depending on the properties of the elastomer, filler, and rubber chemicals used. The term "curing" is also used in the art to describe this process.

[0327] As used herein, the term “vulcanizing agent” refers to any substance that enables crosslinking between elastomers. Vulcanizing agents can enable crosslinking between separate polymer chains of elastomers by a variety of mechanisms, including but not limited to forming a covalent bond between the vulcanizing agent and two or more separate polymer chains, or generating radical species on separate polymer chains that can be combined to form a covalent bond between two polymer chains. Non-limiting examples of vulcanizing agents include sulfur, peroxides, vulcanized vegetable oils, fungi, and resins. Non-limiting examples of sulfur include octa-sulfur (S8), cyclododeca-sulfur (S12), and polymerized sulfur. Non-limiting examples of peroxides include benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide (DC), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3-hexine (2,5-tri), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (DDPH), di-(2-tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene (VC), butyl-4,4-di-(tert-butylperoxy)valerate (VAL), and 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (TMC). Non-limiting examples of resins include binding resins. As used herein, the term “binding resin” refers to chemicals such as resorcinol-formaldehyde resins and phenolic resins that react with a methylene donor (e.g., hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) or hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM)) to promote adhesion.

[0328] As used herein, the term “accelerator” refers to any substance that increases the rate of vulcanization. In some embodiments, accelerators enable vulcanization to be carried out at a lower temperature and / or enable the more efficient use of vulcanizing agents, such as sulfur. Non-limiting examples of accelerators include guanidine, thiazole, sulfenamide, thiuram, dithiocarbamate, xanthate, and thiophosphate. Non-limiting examples of guanidine include diphenylguanidine (DPG). Non-limiting examples of thiazoles include 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT), mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide (MBTS), and N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenimide (TBSI). Non-limiting examples of sulfenamides include N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiadylsulfenamide (TBBS), N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS), dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (DCBS), N-oxydiethylenebenzothiazolesulfenamide (OBTS), N-oxydiethylenethiocarbamyl-N'-oxydiethylenesulfenamide (OTOS), and thiocarbamylsulfenamides. Non-limiting examples of thiuram include dimethylcarbamothioic acid dithioperoxyanhydride (thiuram), dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide (DPIT), tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD), tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD), tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD), and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM). Non-exclusive examples of dithiocarbamates include zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (ZDMC), zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC), zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC), nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate (NDBC), sodium dibenzyldithiocarbamate (SBEC), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDEC), telluride diethyldithiocarbamate (TDEC), and zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (ZEBC).

[0329] As used herein, the term “activator” refers to any substance that activates a vulcanizing agent, enabling the crosslinking of the elastomer as described above. Activators may act through a variety of mechanisms, including, but not limited to, forming a chemical complex with an accelerator, or (when sulfur is used as a vulcanizing agent) coordinating with sulfur. Non-limiting examples of activators include metal oxides, acids, and metal complexes. Non-limiting examples of metal oxides include zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and lead oxide. Non-limiting examples of acids include stearic acid and lauric acid. Non-limiting examples of metal complexes include zinc ethylhexanoate.

[0330] As used herein, the term “pre-vulcanization inhibitor” refers to a compound that delays the initiation and / or rate of vulcanization. These compounds are also referred to as “delays.” Non-exclusive examples of pre-vulcanization inhibitors include N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide (CTP), benzoic anhydride, salicylic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride.

[0331] The composition of this disclosure is based on the form and composition of the product, and the content of the product is about 15wt / wt% to about 85wt / wt% or more. The actual form of this composition is approximately 1 wt / wt% to 5 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 25 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 35 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 45 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 55 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 65 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 75 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 85 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 95 wt / wt%, approximately 5 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, approximately 5 wt / wt%. ~approx. 25 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 35 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 45 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 55 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 65 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 75 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 85 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 95 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 25 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 35 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 45 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 55 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 65wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt% to about 75wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt% to about 95wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 35wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 45wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 55wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 65wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 75wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 85wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 95wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% to about 45wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% to about 55wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 95wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 55wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 95wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%.Contains one or more rubber chemicals in the following concentrations: approximately 55 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to approximately 75 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to approximately 85 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%, approximately 75 wt / wt% to approximately 85 wt / wt%, approximately 75 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%, or approximately 85 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%.

[0332] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more rubber chemicals in about 15 wt / wt%. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more rubber chemicals in about 1 wt / wt%, about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 50 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt%.

[0333] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more rubber chemicals ranging from about 1 phr to about 20 phr. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.1 phr to about 1 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 5 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 10 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 15 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 20 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 25 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 30 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 35 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 40 phr, and about 1 phr to about 5 phr. hr, about 1 phr to about 10 phr, about 1 phr to about 15 phr, about 1 phr to about 25 phr, about 1 phr to about 30 phr, about 1 phr to about 35 phr, about 1 phr to about 40 phr , about 5 phr to about 10 phr, about 5 phr to about 15 phr, about 5 phr to about 20 phr, about 5 phr to about 25 phr, about 5 phr to about 30 phr, about 5 phr to about 35 phr, about 5 phr to approximately 40 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 15 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 20 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 25 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 30 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 35 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 40 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately 20 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately 25 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately 30 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately 35 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately Contains one or more rubber chemicals in the following concentrations: 40 phr, approximately 20 phr to 25 phr, approximately 20 phr to 30 phr, approximately 20 phr to 35 phr, approximately 20 phr to 40 phr, approximately 25 phr to 30 phr, approximately 25 phr to 35 phr, approximately 25 phr to 40 phr, approximately 30 phr to 35 phr, approximately 30 phr to 40 phr, or approximately 35 phr to 40 phr.

[0334] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more rubber chemicals in about 10 phr. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more rubber chemicals in about 0.1 phr, about 1 phr, about 5 phr, about 15 phr, about 20 phr, about 25 phr, about 30 phr, about 35 phr, or about 40 phr.

[0335] As used herein, the term “plasticizer” refers to processing aids used to reduce the viscosity, increase the plasticity, and / or increase the volume of a composition. Plasticizers facilitate the process of mixing and forming compositions containing elastomers before the composition is vulcanized. Non-limiting examples of plasticizers include mineral oils (paraffinic, aromatic, or naphthenic), organic esters, resins, waxes, ester plasticizers, and naturally derived oils, such as soybean oil, vegetable oil, or orange oil.

[0336] The shape of the material is the same as that of the present invention, and the composition of this disclosure is about 15wt / wt%~about 85wt / wt% of the plastic material. The actual form of this composition is approximately 1 wt / wt% to 5 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 25 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 35 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 45 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 55 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 65 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 75 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 85 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 95 wt / wt%, approximately 5 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, approximately 5 wt / wt%. ~approx. 25 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 35 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 45 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 55 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 65 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 75 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 85 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 95 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 25 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 35 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 45 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 55 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 65wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt% to about 75wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt% to about 95wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 35wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 45wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 55wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 65wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 75wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 85wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 95wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% to about 45wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% to about 55wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 95wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 55wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 95wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%.It contains one or more plasticizers in the following proportions: approximately 55 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to approximately 75 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to approximately 85 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%, approximately 75 wt / wt% to approximately 85 wt / wt%, approximately 75 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%, or approximately 85 wt / wt% to approximately 95 wt / wt%.

[0337] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure optionally comprises one or more plasticizers in about 15 wt / wt%. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more plasticizers in about 1 wt / wt%, about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 50 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt%.

[0338] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure optionally comprises one or more plasticizers in an amount of about 1 phr to about 20 phr. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.1 phr to about 1 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 5 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 10 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 15 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 20 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 25 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 30 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 35 phr, about 0.1 phr to about 40 phr, and about 1 phr to about 5 phr. hr, about 1 phr to about 10 phr, about 1 phr to about 15 phr, about 1 phr to about 25 phr, about 1 phr to about 30 phr, about 1 phr to about 35 phr, about 1 phr to about 40 phr , about 5 phr to about 10 phr, about 5 phr to about 15 phr, about 5 phr to about 20 phr, about 5 phr to about 25 phr, about 5 phr to about 30 phr, about 5 phr to about 35 phr, about 5 phr to approximately 40 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 15 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 20 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 25 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 30 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 35 phr, approximately 10 phr to approximately 40 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately 20 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately 25 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately 30 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately 35 phr, approximately 15 phr to approximately It contains one or more plasticizers in the following amounts: 40 phr, approximately 20 phr to approximately 25 phr, approximately 20 phr to approximately 30 phr, approximately 20 phr to approximately 35 phr, approximately 20 phr to approximately 40 phr, approximately 25 phr to approximately 30 phr, approximately 25 phr to approximately 35 phr, approximately 25 phr to approximately 40 phr, approximately 30 phr to approximately 35 phr, approximately 30 phr to approximately 40 phr, or approximately 35 phr to approximately 40 phr.

[0339] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises one or more plasticizers in about 10 phr. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more plasticizers in about 0.1 phr, about 1 phr, about 5 phr, about 15 phr, about 20 phr, about 25 phr, about 30 phr, about 35 phr, or about 40 phr.

[0340] In some embodiments, the tire compositions of the present disclosure further comprise a second degradation inhibitor, or additional degradation inhibitors that are not compounds or compositions of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the additional degradation inhibitors are antioxidants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, or fatigue crack stabilizers. In some embodiments, the second degradation inhibitor is an anti-ozone agent. Non-limiting examples of degradation inhibitors include paraphenylenediamine (PPD), trimethyl-dihydroquinoline (TMQ), phenols or hindered phenols, alkylated diphenylamine (DPA), diphenylamine-ketone condensates, and natural degradation inhibitors, quinones, hydroquinones, amines, hindered amines, paraffins, or microcrystalline waxes. Non-limiting examples of PPDs include N1-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-N4-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine (6PPD), N-(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-N'uiD), 1-phenyl-N4-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine (IPPD), N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine (44PD), N,N'-bis(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (66PD), N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine (77PD), and N-N'-dioctyl-p-phenylenediamine (88PD). Non-limiting examples of TMQs include 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and its oligomers or polymers.

[0341] The composition of the invention is in the form of the present disclosure, and the second deterioration prevention factor is about 15wt / wt% to about 85wt / wt%. The actual form of this composition is approximately 1 wt / wt% to 5 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 25 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 35 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 45 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 55 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 65 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 75 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 85 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt% to 95 wt / wt%, approximately 5 wt / wt% to 15 wt / wt%, approximately 5 wt / wt%. ~approx. 25 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 35 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 45 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 55 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 65 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 75 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 85 wt / wt%, approx. 5 wt / wt% to approx. 95 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 25 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 35 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 45 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 55 wt / wt%, approx. 15 wt / wt% to approx. 65wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt% to about 75wt / wt%, about 15wt / wt% to about 95wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 35wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 45wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 55wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 65wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 75wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 85wt / wt%, about 25wt / wt% to about 95wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% to about 45wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% to about 55wt / wt%, about 35wt / wt% / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%, approx. 35wt / wt%~approx. 95wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 55wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%, approx. 45wt / wt%~approx. 95wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 65wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 75wt / wt%, approx. 55wt / wt%~approx. 85wt / wt%.Approximately 55wt / wt% to approximately 95wt / wt%, approximately 65wt / wt% to approximately 75wt / wt%, approximately 65wt / wt% to approximately 85wt / wt%, approximately 65wt / wt% to approximately 95wt / w t%, about 75 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, or about 85 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt% of the second deterioration inhibitor. ,

[0342] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises about 15 wt / wt% of a second degradation inhibitor. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 wt / wt%, about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 50 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt% of a second degradation inhibitor.

[0343] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises about 1 to about 5 phr of a second degradation inhibitor. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.001 phr to about 0.01 phr, about 0.001 phr to about 0.1 phr, about 0.001 phr to about 1 phr, about 0.001 phr to about 5 phr, about 0.001 phr to about 7.5 phr, about 0.001 phr to about 10 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 0.1 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 1 phr, about 0.01 phr to about 5 phr Includes r, approximately 0.01 phr to approximately 7.5 phr, approximately 0.01 phr to approximately 10 phr, approximately 0.1 phr to approximately 1 phr, approximately 0.1 phr to approximately 5 phr, approximately 0.1 phr to approximately 7.5 phr, approximately 0.1 phr to approximately 10 phr, approximately 1 phr to approximately 7.5 phr, approximately 1 phr to approximately 10 phr, approximately 5 phr to approximately 7.5 phr, approximately 5 phr to approximately 10 phr, or approximately 7.5 phr to approximately 10 phr.

[0344] In some embodiments, the tire composition of the present disclosure comprises about 3 phr of a second degradation inhibitor. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.001 phr, about 0.01 phr, about 0.1 phr, about 1 phr, about 2 phr, about 4 phr, about 5 phr, about 7.5 phr, or about 10 phr of a second degradation inhibitor.

[0345] In some embodiments, the Disclosure provides compounds or compositions of the Disclosure and compositions comprising one or more carriers. As used herein, the term "carrier" refers to a solid capable of adsorbing a liquid while retaining the general properties of a solid at room temperature. In some embodiments, the carrier is an inert material. In some embodiments, the carrier has a large surface area. In some embodiments, the carrier comprises particles having a diameter of less than 500 microns.

[0346] In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more carriers in an amount of from about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%. In some embodiments, the composition is from about 1 wt / wt% to about 5 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 15 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 25 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 35 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 45 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, from about 1 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 15 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 25 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 35 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 45 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, from about 5 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 25 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 35 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 45 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 15 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 35 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 45 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, from about 25 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from about 35 wt / wt% to about 45 wt / wt%, from about 35 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 35 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 35 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 35 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, from about 35 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from about 45 wt / wt% to about 55 wt / wt%, from about 45 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 45 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 45 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%, from about 45 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%, from about 55 wt / wt% to about 65 wt / wt%, from about 55 wt / wt% to about 75 wt / wt%, from about 55 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt%,Contains one or more carriers of approximately 55 wt / wt% to 95 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to 75 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to 85 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt% to 95 wt / wt%, approximately 75 wt / wt% to 85 wt / wt%, approximately 75 wt / wt% to 95 wt / wt%, or approximately 85 wt / wt% to 95 wt / wt%.

[0347] In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more carriers in an amount of about 15 wt / wt%. In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more carriers in an amount of about 1 wt / wt%, about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 50 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt%.

[0348] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides compositions listed in Table 9. [Table 9]

[0349] In some embodiments, the vulcanized tire or other rubber article compositions of Table 9 contain about 0.1 wt / wt%, about 0.2 wt / wt%, about 0.3 wt / wt%, about 0.4 wt / wt%, about 0.5 wt / wt%, about 0.6 wt / wt%, about 0.7 wt / wt%, about 0.8 wt / wt%, about 0.9 wt / wt%, about 1 wt / wt%, about 2 wt / wt%, about 3 wt / wt%, about 4 wt / wt%, about 5 wt / wt%, about 6 wt / wt%, about 7 wt / wt%, about 8 wt / wt%, about 9 wt / wt%, or about 10 wt / wt% of the compounds or compositions of the Disclosure. In some embodiments, the vulcanized tires or other rubber articles of Table 9 include at least one elastomer in an amount of about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 15 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 50 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt%.

[0350] In some embodiments, the unvulcanized tire internal components, or assembled components, or other end-use component compositions in Table 9 are approximately 0.01 wt / wt%, approximately 0.02 wt / wt%, approximately 0.03 wt / wt%, approximately 0.04 wt / wt%, approximately 0.05 wt / wt%, approximately 0.06 wt / wt%, approximately 0.07 wt / wt%, approximately 0.08 wt / wt%, approximately 0.09 wt / wt%, approximately 0.1 wt / wt%, approximately 0.2 wt / wt%, The compounds or compositions of the Disclosure include approximately 0.3 wt / wt%, approximately 0.4 wt / wt%, approximately 0.5 wt / wt%, approximately 0.6 wt / wt%, approximately 0.7 wt / wt%, approximately 0.8 wt / wt%, approximately 0.9 wt / wt%, approximately 1 wt / wt%, approximately 2 wt / wt%, approximately 3 wt / wt%, approximately 4 wt / wt%, approximately 5 wt / wt%, approximately 6 wt / wt%, approximately 7 wt / wt%, approximately 8 wt / wt%, approximately 9 wt / wt%, or approximately 10 wt / wt%. In some embodiments, the unvulcanized tire internal components, or assembled components, or other end-use component compositions of Table 9 include at least one elastomer in an amount of about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 15 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 50 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt%.

[0351] The Disclosure also provides a process for preparing a composition comprising the compound or composition of the Disclosure and one or more carriers, the process comprising mixing the compound and one or more carriers.

[0352] This disclosure also provides compounds or compositions of the Disclosure and lubricant compositions comprising lubricants. Non-limiting examples of lubricants include mineral oils, high molecular weight petroleum distillates, e.g., aromatic, naphthenic, and paraffinic distillates; synthetic oils, e.g., polyalphaolefins (PAO), synthetic esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAG), phosphate esters, perfluoropolyethers (PFPE), alkylated naphthalenes (AN), silicate esters, ionic fluids, and multiple alkylated cyclopentanes (MAC); solid lubricants, e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide; aqueous lubricants, e.g., hydrated brush polymers; and biolubricants, e.g., triglyceride esters, high oleic canola oil, castor oil, palm oil, sunflower seed oil, and rapeseed oil.

[0353] This disclosure also provides flammable fuels and flammable fuel compositions comprising the compounds or compositions of this disclosure. Non-limiting examples of flammable fuels include gasoline, diesel, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, synthetic fuels, and biodiesel.

[0354] This disclosure also provides fuel additives and fuel additive compositions comprising compounds or compositions of the disclosure. Non-limiting examples of fuel additives include oxygenated substances such as alcohols and ethers, antioxidants, stabilizers, detergents, knock inhibitors, lead scavengers, fuel dyes, viscosity modifiers, and butyl rubber. In some embodiments, the butyl rubber is in the form of polyisobutylene succinimide. In some embodiments, the butyl rubber is added as a detergent to prevent fouling of diesel fuel injectors.

[0355] IV. Vulcanized Elastomer Articles This disclosure also provides vulcanized elastomer articles comprising the compounds or compositions of this disclosure. The term “vulcanized elastomer article” refers to an article produced by forming an elastomer-containing composition into a specific shape and vulcanizing the composition to obtain an article.

[0356] This disclosure also provides vulcanized elastomer articles prepared using the tire compositions of this disclosure.

[0357] In some embodiments, the vulcanized elastomer article is a tire. In some embodiments, the tire is a passenger car tire, a light truck tire, a heavy truck or bus tire, a motorcycle tire, an agricultural tire, a construction machine tire, an airplane tire, or a racing tire.

[0358] In some embodiments, the vulcanized elastomer article is a component of the tire. In some embodiments, the component is a bead, belt, body ply, inner liner, sidewall, undertread, or tread.

[0359] In some embodiments, the vulcanized elastomer article is a rubber overshoe, sealing strip, acoustic panel, air spring, bellows, membrane, tactile sensor, crash pad, hose, conveyor belt, or flooring material.

[0360] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides vehicles comprising a vulcanized elastomer article containing a compound or composition of the present disclosure.

[0361] V. Process This disclosure also provides a process for preparing vulcanized elastomer articles, the process being

[0362] (a) Forming the tire composition of the present disclosure into a molded shape,

[0363] (b) including vulcanizing the formed shape,

[0364] We provide vulcanized elastomer articles.

[0365] In some embodiments, vulcanization is carried out at an average temperature of about 140°C to about 160°C. In some embodiments, vulcanization is carried out at about 80°C to about 100°C, about 80°C to about 120°C, about 80°C to about 140°C, about 80°C to about 160°C, about 80°C to about 180°C, about 80°C to about 200°C, about 100°C to about 120°C, about 100°C to about 140°C, about 100°C to about 160°C, about 100°C to about 180°C, about The process is carried out at an average temperature of 100°C to approximately 200°C, approximately 120°C to approximately 140°C, approximately 120°C to approximately 160°C, approximately 120°C to approximately 180°C, approximately 120°C to approximately 200°C, approximately 140°C to approximately 180°C, approximately 140°C to approximately 200°C, approximately 160°C to approximately 180°C, approximately 160°C to approximately 200°C, or approximately 180°C to approximately 200°C.

[0366] In some embodiments, vulcanization is carried out at an average temperature of about 150°C. In some embodiments, vulcanization is carried out at an average temperature of about 80°C, about 100°C, about 120°C, about 140°C, about 160°C, about 180°C, or about 200°C.

[0367] This disclosure also provides a process for refurbishing tires, and this process is

[0368] (a) Applying the tire composition of this disclosure to a tire,

[0369] (b) Placing a pre-vulcanized tread around the tire,

[0370] (c) Placing a hardening envelope around the tire,

[0371] (d) including vulcanizing the tires.

[0372] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing a composition comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0373] In another embodiment, the disclosure provides a process for preparing compositions comprising compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (2), compound (4), and / or compound (11), the process comprising reacting 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone, 2,2-dimethoxypropane, or mesityl oxide in the presence of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid.

[0374] This disclosure provides the following specific process embodiments.

[0375] Process Embodiment 1. A process for preparing a composition according to any one of Composition Embodiments 1 to 112 (see above), wherein the process comprises reacting a composition containing 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone, 2,2-dimethoxypropane, diacetone alcohol, or mesityl oxide in the presence of a catalyst.

[0376] Process Embodiment 2. The process according to Process Embodiment 1, wherein the catalyst is a homogeneous catalyst.

[0377] Process Embodiment 3. The process according to Process Embodiment 2, wherein the homogeneous catalyst is a Lewis acid, a Brønsted acid, a base, a halogen, a halogen donor, or a combination thereof.

[0378] Process Embodiment 4. The process according to Process Embodiment 2, wherein the homogeneous catalyst is selected from the group consisting of iodine, pyridinium perbromide, bromine, bismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate, hydrobromic acid, magnesium(II) bromide, aluminum(III) chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, N-bromosuccinimide, copper(II) bromide, copper(II) chloride, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, boron trifluoride diethyl ether compound, boron trifluoride dihydrate, hydrochloric acid, copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate, iron(III) chloride, magnesium(II) chloride, copper(I) iodide, and zinc(II) chloride, or salts or solvates thereof.

[0379] Process Embodiment 5. The process according to Process Embodiment 4, wherein the homogeneous catalyst is selected from the group consisting of pyridinium perbromide, magnesium(II) bromide, magnesium(II) bromide hexahydrate, and aluminum(III) chloride.

[0380] Process Embodiment 6. The process according to Process Embodiment 1, wherein the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst.

[0381] Process Embodiment 7. The process according to Process Embodiment 6, wherein the heterogeneous catalyst is an acid-treated resin, a solid-supported acid, a composite catalyst, a solid acid, or a base catalyst.

[0382] Process Embodiment 8. The process according to Process Embodiment 7, wherein the acid-treated resin is a polyfluorinated sulfonic acid resin, a strongly acidic sulfonic acid exchange resin (Amberlyst 15), a macroporous strongly acidic ion exchange resin, a strongly acidic ion exchange resin, a solid acidic ion exchange resin (NRW150), a sieved strongly acidic ion exchange resin, or a strongly acidic ion exchange resin (A2 type acidic resin).

[0383] Process Embodiment 9. The solid supported acid is supported by a micro-meso-macroporous zeolite catalyst HY-MMM, a strongly acidic molecular sieve H-MCM-22, an organic protonic acid supported by graphene oxide, an organic protonic acid supported by zeolite, a small-pore zeolite, a heterogeneous acidic silica catalyst, and Zn supported on γ-Al2O3. 2+ Sn 2+ , and Cu 2+ The process according to Process Embodiment 7, wherein the components are exchanged tungsten phosphate (TPA), tonsil activated clay (acid-treated bentonite clay), alumina, titania, zirconia, niobium, silica-alumina, sulfated zirconia, tungstenized zirconia, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) / ZnCl2, or WO3 / activated carbon / SO3H.

[0384] Process Embodiment 10. The process according to Process Embodiment 7, wherein the composite catalyst is a zirconium-doped titania composite oxide catalyst, an H2SO4-MoO3-TiO2 solid superacid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid / iodine.

[0385] Process Embodiment 11. The process according to Process Embodiment 7, wherein the solid acid is a heteropoly acid or a metal-organic skeleton.

[0386] Process Embodiment 12. The process according to Process Embodiment 7, wherein the base catalyst is ZrO2 / MgO.

[0387] Process Embodiment 13. The process according to any one of Process Embodiments 1 to 12, comprising reacting a composition containing 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone.

[0388] Process Embodiment 14. The process according to any one of Process Embodiments 1 to 12, comprising reacting a composition containing 4-aminodiphenylamine with 2,2-dimethoxypropane.

[0389] Process Embodiment 15. The process according to any one of Process Embodiments 1 to 12, comprising reacting a composition containing 4-aminodiphenylamine with diacetone alcohol.

[0390] Process Embodiment 16. The process according to any one of Process Embodiments 1 to 12, comprising reacting a composition containing 4-aminodiphenylamine with mesityl oxide.

[0391] VI. Kit The Disclosure also provides kits comprising the Compounds or Compositions of the Disclosure, or the Tire Compositions of the Disclosure, for example, in a form packaged in a container, which facilitate the use of the Compounds or Compositions to practice the Processes and / or Methods of the Disclosure. In some embodiments, the kit includes the Tire Compositions of the Disclosure and instructions for using the Compositions in vulcanizable elastomer compositions. In some embodiments, the kit includes the Tire Compositions of the Disclosure and instructions for using the Compositions to prepare vulcanizable elastomer articles. The Compositions may be packaged in any suitable container, such as a sealed bottle or container, and a label may be attached to the container, or they may be included in a kit describing the Compositions and their proper use.

[0392] VII.Definition As used herein, the term “weight ratio” refers to the value obtained by dividing the mass of one compound in a composition by the mass of another compound. For example, in a composition containing 1 gram of compound (2) and 1000 grams of compound (10), the weight ratio of compound (2) to compound (10) is 0.001. In a composition containing 10 grams of compound (2) and 100 grams of compound (10), the weight ratio of compound (2) to compound (10) is 0.1.

[0393] In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure include a mixture of E and Z stereoisomers, as exemplified by the following compound (4): [ka] In some embodiments, the compounds of the Disclosure comprise a mixture of E and Z stereoisomers, with an E:Z ratio of 500:1 to 1:500. In some embodiments, the E:Z ratio is 100:1 to 1:100. In some embodiments, the E:Z ratio is 10:1 to 1:10. In some embodiments, the E:Z ratio is 5:1 to 1:5. In some embodiments, the E:Z ratio is 3:1 to 1:3. In some embodiments, the E:Z ratio is 2:1 to 1:2. In some embodiments, the E:Z ratio is about 10:1, about 9:1, about 8:1, about 7:1, about 6:1, about 5:1, about 4:1, about 3:1, or about 2:1. In some embodiments, the E:Z ratio is approximately 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, or 1:2. In some embodiments, the E:Z ratio is approximately 1:1.

[0394] In some embodiments, the compounds of this disclosure contain only the E stereoisomer, i.e., no detectable amount of the Z stereoisomer is present when measured by HPLC.

[0395] In some embodiments, the compounds of this disclosure contain only the Z stereoisomer, i.e., no detectable amount of the E stereoisomer is present when measured by HPLC.

[0396] As used herein, the term “about” includes ±10% of the listed numbers. Therefore, “about 10” means between 9 and 11.

[0397] The word “comprising” is used in a manner consistent with its non-restrictive meaning, that is, a given product, composition, or process may, at its discretion, have additional features or elements beyond those expressly described. Where an embodiment is described using the term “comprising,” similar embodiments described using other words such as “consisting of” and / or “consisting essentially of” are similarly intended and understood to be within the scope of this disclosure.

[0398] Salts and solvates of the compounds disclosed herein, such as hydrates, can also be used in the manner disclosed herein.

[0399] This disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of salts of the compounds of this disclosure. Salts of the compounds of this disclosure can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds, or separately by reacting the compounds with an acid having a suitable cation. Salts of the compounds of this disclosure may be acid-added salts formed with an acceptable acid. Examples of acids that can be used to form salts include inorganic acids such as nitric acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, as well as organic acids such as oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, and citric acid. Non-limiting examples of salts of the compounds disclosed herein include hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, acetate, adipine, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, hydrogen sulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, glycerol phosphate, hemisulfonate, heptaneate, hexanoate, formate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, ascorbate, isethionate, salicylate, methanesulfonate, and mesityl Examples of usable amino groups present in the compounds of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates; decyl, pamoates, pectinates, persulfates; phenylpropionates; picrinates; pivalates; propions; trichloroacetates; trifluoroacetates; phosphates; glutamates; bicarbonates; p-toluenesulfonates; undecanoates; lactates; citrates; tartrates; glucons; methanesulfonates; ethanedisulfonates; benzenesulfonates; and p-toluenesulfonates. In addition, usable amino groups present in the compounds of this disclosure can be quaternized with methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates; decyl, lauryl, myristyl, and steryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; and benzyl bromide and phenethyl bromide. In consideration of the foregoing, any reference to the compounds of the Disclosure appearing herein is intended to include the compounds of the Disclosure, as well as their salts, hydrates, or solvates.

[0400] This disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of solvates of the compounds of this disclosure. As used herein, the term “solvate” refers to a combination, physical association, and / or solvation of a compound of this disclosure with a solvent molecule, such as a disolvate, monosolvate, or hemisolvate, where the ratio of the solvent molecule to the compound of this disclosure is about 2:1, about 1:1, or about 1:2, respectively. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain examples, solvates can be isolated, such as when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated into the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid. Thus, “solvate” encompasses both the solution phase and the isolateable solvate. The compounds of this disclosure can exist in solvated form with solvents such as water, methanol, and ethanol, and this disclosure is intended to encompass both solvated and unsolvated forms of the compounds of this disclosure.

[0401] One type of solvate is a hydrate. The term "hydrate" refers to a specific subgroup of solvates in which the solvent molecule is water. The preparation of solvates is well known in the art. For example, see M. Caira et al, J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 93(3):601-611 (2004), which describes the preparation of a solvate of fluconazole using ethyl acetate and water. Similar preparations of solvates, semi-solvates, hydrates, etc., are described in van Tonder et al., AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech., 5(1): Article 12 (2004), and ALBingham et al., Chem. Commun. 603-604 (2001). A typical and non-limiting process for preparing a solvate involves dissolving the compound or composition of the disclosed herein in a desired solvent (organic matter, water, or a mixture thereof) at a temperature greater than 20°C to about 25°C, then cooling the solution at a rate sufficient to form crystals, and isolating the crystals by known methods, such as filtration. The presence of the solvent in the solvate crystals can be confirmed using analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy.

[0402] Unless otherwise indicated, in the context describing this disclosure (particularly in the context of the claims), the use of “a,” “an,” “the,” and similar referring terms should be interpreted to encompass both singular and plural forms. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the enumeration of value ranges is intended to function merely as a simplified way of referring individually to each individual value within that range, and each individual value is incorporated herein as if it were individually enumerated herein. Any and all examples or illustrative language provided herein (e.g., “etc.”) is intended to better illustrate this disclosure and, unless otherwise asserted, does not limit the scope of this disclosure. No language herein should be interpreted to indicate that any unclaimed element is essential to the practice of this disclosure.

[0403] As used herein, the term "and / or" is construed to mean that each of the two specified features or components is specifically disclosed, whether in combination with the other or not. Thus, as used in phrases such as "A and / or B" herein, the term "and / or" is intended to include "A and B," "A or B," "A" (alone), and "B" (alone). Similarly, as used in phrases such as "A, B, and / or C," the term "and / or" is intended to include each of the following embodiments: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or B; A or C; B or C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A (alone); B (alone); and C (alone).

[0404] As used herein, the term "wt / wt%" refers to the mass of one component in a composition or blend, for example, a composition containing the compound of the disclosure and one or more elastomers, or a blend containing the composition of the disclosure and one or more fillers, or two or more elastomers, etc., divided by the total mass of all components in the composition or blend, multiplied by 100. For example, the wt / wt% of the compound of the disclosure in a composition containing 1 kg of the compound, 1 kg of natural rubber, and 2 kg of synthetic rubber is 25 wt / wt% (1 kg / 4 kg = 0.25 × 100 = 25 wt / wt%). The wt / wt% of the compound of the disclosure in a composition containing 1 kg of the compound and 1 kg of carbon black is 50 wt / wt% (1 kg / 2 kg = 0.20 × 100 = 50 wt / wt%). In a composition containing 1 kg of the compound, 1 kg of natural rubber, 2 kg of synthetic rubber, and 1 kg of carbon black, the wt / wt% of the compound of this disclosure is 20 wt / wt% (1 kg / 5 kg = 0.20 × 100 = 20 wt / wt%). In a blend of one or more elastomers containing 20 kg of natural rubber and 30 kg of synthetic rubber, the wt / wt% of natural rubber is 40 wt / wt% (20 kg / 50 kg = 0.40 × 100 = 40 wt / wt%).

[0405] As used herein, the term “masterbatch” refers to a composition comprising at least one elastomer and a compound or composition of the Disclosure. In some embodiments, the masterbatch comprises at least one elastomer in an amount of about 5 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt% and a compound or composition of the Disclosure in an amount of about 5 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt%. In some embodiments, the masterbatch contains about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 15 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 50 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt% of the compounds or compositions of the Disclosure. In some embodiments, the masterbatch contains at least one elastomer in an amount of approximately 5 wt / wt%, approximately 10 wt / wt%, approximately 15 wt / wt%, approximately 20 wt / wt%, approximately 25 wt / wt%, approximately 30 wt / wt%, approximately 35 wt / wt%, approximately 40 wt / wt%, approximately 45 wt / wt%, approximately 50 wt / wt%, approximately 55 wt / wt%, approximately 60 wt / wt%, approximately 65 wt / wt%, approximately 70 wt / wt%, approximately 75 wt / wt%, approximately 80 wt / wt%, approximately 85 wt / wt%, approximately 90 wt / wt%, or approximately 95 wt / wt%.

[0406] As used herein, the term “premix” refers to a composition comprising the compounds or compositions of the Disclosure and at least one additional component, for example, a filler, a rubber chemical, a plasticizer, an additional degradation inhibitor, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the premix does not contain an elastomer. In some embodiments, the premix comprises about 5 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt% of the compounds or compositions of the Disclosure and about 5 wt / wt% to about 95 wt / wt% of at least one additional component, for example, a filler, a rubber chemical, a plasticizer, an additional degradation inhibitor, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the premix contains about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 15 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 50 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt% of the compounds of the Disclosure. In some embodiments, the premix includes at least one additional component in about 5 wt / wt%, about 10 wt / wt%, about 15 wt / wt%, about 20 wt / wt%, about 25 wt / wt%, about 30 wt / wt%, about 35 wt / wt%, about 40 wt / wt%, about 45 wt / wt%, about 50 wt / wt%, about 55 wt / wt%, about 60 wt / wt%, about 65 wt / wt%, about 70 wt / wt%, about 75 wt / wt%, about 80 wt / wt%, about 85 wt / wt%, about 90 wt / wt%, or about 95 wt / wt%, such as fillers, rubber chemicals, plasticizers, additional degradation inhibitors, or a combination thereof.

[0407] As used herein, the term "one or more" is intended to mean that there is at least one component in the category of components in question, for example, one or more elastomers, and in some embodiments, two or more components. In some embodiments, one or more means 1 to 50. In some embodiments, one or more means 1 to 40. In some embodiments, one or more means 1 to 30. In some embodiments, one or more means 1 to 20. In some embodiments, one or more means 1 to 10. In some embodiments, one or more means 1 to 5. In some embodiments, one or more means 1 to 3. In some embodiments, one or more means 1 or 2. In some embodiments, one or more means 1.

[0408] VIII. Specific Embodiments This disclosure provides the following specific embodiments. Compound structures are provided in Table 1.

[0409] Embodiment 1. Compound (9), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0410] Embodiment 2. Compound (10), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0411] Embodiment 3. The compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and a composition containing compound (1), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (1), for example, about 0.001% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of compound (1).

[0412] Embodiment 4. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound of compound (2), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (2), for example, about 0.001% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of compound (2).

[0413] Embodiment 5. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and compound (3), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (3), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (3).

[0414] Embodiment 6. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and compound (4), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (4), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (4).

[0415] Embodiment 7. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (5), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (5), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (5).

[0416] Embodiment 8. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (6), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (6), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of compound (6).

[0417] Embodiment 9. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (7), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (7), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of compound (7).

[0418] Embodiment 10. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (8), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (8), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (8).

[0419] Embodiment 11. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (11A), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (11A), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (11A).

[0420] Embodiment 12. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (12), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (12), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of compound (12).

[0421] Embodiment 13. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and compound (13), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (13), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (13).

[0422] Embodiment 14. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (14), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (14), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of compound (14).

[0423] Embodiment 15. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (15), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (15), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of compound (15).

[0424] Embodiment 16. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (16), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (16), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of compound (16).

[0425] Embodiment 17. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (17), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (17), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of compound (17).

[0426] Embodiment 18. The compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and a composition containing compound (18), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (18), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (18).

[0427] Embodiment 19. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (19), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of compound (19), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (19).

[0428] Embodiment 20. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2 and compound (20), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 20% of compound (20A), for example, about 0.01% to about 20%, about 0.1% to about 20%, about 0.001% to about 15%, about 0.01% to about 15%, about 0.1% to about 15%, about 0.001% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 15%, about 0.5% to about 15%, or about 1% to about 15% of compound (20A).

[0429] Embodiment 21. A composition comprising compound (10) and

[0430] (i) Compound (2), which, when the composition is measured by HPLC analysis, contains approximately 0.0001% to approximately 10% of Compound (2), for example, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.5%, and / or

[0431] (ii) Compound (4), which, when the composition is measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of Compound (4), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5%, Compound (4), and / or

[0432] (iii) Compound (11A) or Compound (11B) such that the composition contains approximately 0.001% to approximately 10% of Compound (11A) or Compound (11B) when measured by HPLC analysis, for example, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.5% of Compound (11A) or Compound (11B), and / or

[0433] (iv) Compound (20A) or Compound (20B), wherein the composition contains, when measured by HPLC analysis, about 0.001% to about 10% of Compound (20A) or Compound (20B), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of Compound (20A) or Compound (20B), and a composition comprising Compound (20A) or Compound (20B).

[0434] Embodiment 22. Compound (3).

[0435] Embodiment 23. Compound (4).

[0436] Embodiment 24. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment 22 or 23.

[0437] Embodiment 25. A composition according to any one of Embodiments 3-21, 24, 118-125, 127, 129, 130, 133, or 134, or a compound according to Embodiments 22, 23, 126, 128, 131, or 132, and (i) One or more elastomers, or (ii) One or more fillers, or (iii) One or more rubber chemicals, (iv) One or more plasticizers, (v) One or more second degradation inhibitors, (vi) A composition comprising a combination of one or more elastomers, one or more fillers, one or more rubber chemicals, one or more plasticizers, and / or one or more second degradation inhibitors.

[0438] Embodiment 26. The composition according to claim 25, wherein the composition comprises one or more elastomers.

[0439] Embodiment 27. The composition according to claim 26, wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of composition (i) and about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of one or more elastomers.

[0440] Embodiment 28. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 25 to 27, wherein one or more elastomers include natural rubber (NR).

[0441] Embodiment 29. The composition according to Embodiment 28, wherein one or more elastomers contain about 5 wt / wt% to about 80 wt / wt% of natural rubber (NR).

[0442] Embodiment 30. The composition according to Embodiment 28 or 29, wherein the natural rubber comprises rubber derived from an alternative rubber plant.

[0443] Embodiment 31. The composition according to Embodiment 30, wherein the alternative rubber plant is Parthenium argentatum (guayule) or Taraxacum kok-saghyz (Russian dandelion).

[0444] Embodiment 32. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 26 to 31, wherein one or more elastomers include synthetic rubber.

[0445] Embodiment 33. The composition according to Embodiment 32, wherein the synthetic rubber comprises unsaturated rubber, saturated rubber, rubber having fluoro and fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy substituents on the polymer chain (FKM), silicone rubber (Q), or a blend thereof.

[0446] Embodiment 34. The composition according to Embodiment 33, wherein the unsaturated rubber comprises polyisoprene rubber (IR), butyl rubber (IIR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), or a blend thereof.

[0447] Embodiment 35. The composition according to Embodiment 34, wherein the unsaturated rubber comprises styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).

[0448] Embodiment 36. The composition according to Embodiment 35, wherein one or more elastomers contain styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) in an amount of about 5 wt / wt% to about 80 wt / wt%.

[0449] Embodiment 37. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 34 to 36, wherein the unsaturated rubber comprises polybutadiene rubber (BR).

[0450] Embodiment 38. The composition according to Embodiment 37, wherein one or more elastomers contain polybutadiene rubber (BR) in an amount of about 5 wt / wt% to about 80 wt / wt%.

[0451] Embodiment 39. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 34 to 38, wherein the unsaturated rubber comprises butyl rubber (IIR).

[0452] Embodiment 40. The composition according to Embodiment 39, wherein one or more elastomers contain about 1 wt / wt% to about 30 wt / wt% of butyl rubber (IIR).

[0453] Embodiment 41. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 33 to 40, wherein the saturated rubber comprises acrylic rubber (ACM), chlorinated polyethylene (CM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), polychloromethyloxirane (CO), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EAM), epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), ethylene propylene rubber (EPM), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVM), or a blend thereof.

[0454] Embodiment 42. A composition according to any one embodiment of Embodiments 35 to 41, wherein one or more elastomers further comprise recycled rubber.

[0455] Embodiment 43. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 35 to 42, wherein the composition comprises composition (i) in a concentration of about 0.1 phr to about 10 phr.

[0456] Embodiment 44. The composition according to Embodiment 43, wherein the composition comprises about 0.5 phr to about 5 phr of composition (i).

[0457] Embodiment 45. The composition according to Embodiment 44, wherein the composition comprises about 1 phr to about 5 phr of composition (i).

[0458] Embodiment 46. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 25 to 45, wherein the composition comprises one or more fillers.

[0459] Embodiment 47. The composition according to Embodiment 46, wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of composition (i) and about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of one or more fillers.

[0460] Embodiment 48. The composition according to Embodiment 46 or 47, wherein the composition comprises one or more fillers in an amount of about 30 phr to about 500 phr.

[0461] Embodiment 49. A composition according to any one of Embodiments 46 to 48, wherein one or more fillers include carbon black, silica, kaolin, calcium silicate, talc, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon fibers (HCF), graphite, graphene, aluminosilicate, starch, fiber, or a combination thereof.

[0462] Embodiment 50. The composition according to Embodiment 49, wherein one or more fillers contain silica.

[0463] Embodiment 51. The composition according to Embodiment 50, wherein the silica is derived from rice husks.

[0464] Embodiment 52. A composition according to any one of Embodiments 46 to 51, wherein one or more fillers contain carbon black.

[0465] Embodiment 53. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 25 to 52, wherein the composition comprises one or more rubber chemicals.

[0466] Embodiment 54. The composition according to Embodiment 53, wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of composition (i) and about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of one or more rubber chemicals.

[0467] Embodiment 55. The composition according to Embodiment 53 or 54, wherein the composition comprises one or more rubber chemicals in a range of about 0.1 phr to about 30 phr.

[0468] Embodiment 56. The composition according to Embodiment 55, wherein the composition comprises one or more rubber chemicals in a quantity of about 1 phr to about 20 phr.

[0469] Embodiment 57. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 53 to 56, wherein one or more rubber chemicals comprises one or more vulcanizing agents, one or more accelerators, one or more activators, one or more pre-vulcanization inhibitors, or a combination thereof.

[0470] Embodiment 58. The composition according to Embodiment 57, wherein one or more rubber chemicals comprise one or more vulcanizing agents.

[0471] Embodiment 59. The composition according to Embodiment 58, wherein one or more vulcanizing agents include sulfur, peroxide, resin, or a combination thereof.

[0472] Embodiment 60. Sulfur is octa-sulfur (S8), cyclododeca-sulfur (S8) 12 The composition according to Embodiment 59, which is polymerized sulfur, or a combination thereof.

[0473] Embodiment 61. The composition according to Embodiment 59, wherein the peroxide is benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide (DC), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3-hexine (2,5-tri), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (DDPH), di-(2-tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene (VC), butyl-4,4-di-(tert-butylperoxy)valerate (VAL), 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (TMC), or a combination thereof.

[0474] Embodiment 62. The composition according to Embodiment 59, wherein the resin is a binding resin.

[0475] Embodiment 63. The composition according to Embodiments 57 to 62, wherein one or more rubber chemicals comprise one or more accelerators.

[0476] Embodiment 64. The composition according to Embodiment 63, wherein one or more accelerators include guanidine, thiazole, sulfenamide, thiram, dithiocarbamate, xanthate, thiophosphate, or a combination thereof.

[0477] Embodiment 65. The composition according to Embodiment 64, wherein the guanidine is diphenylguanidine (DPG).

[0478] Embodiment 66. The composition according to Embodiment 64, wherein the thiazole comprises 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT), mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide (MBTS), and N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenimide (TBSI), or a combination thereof.

[0479] Embodiment 67. The composition according to Embodiment 64, wherein the sulfenamide comprises N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiadylsulfenamide (TBBS), N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS), dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (DCBS), N-oxydiethylenebenzothiazolesulfenamide (OBTS), N-oxydiethylenethiocarbamyl-N'-oxydiethylenesulfenamide (OTOS), thiocarbamylsulfenamide, or a combination thereof.

[0480] Embodiment 68. The composition according to Embodiment 64, wherein thiram is dimethylcarbamothioate dithioperoxy anhydride (thiram), dipentamethylenethiram tetrasulfide (DPIT), tetrabenzylthiram disulfide (TBzTD), tetraethylthiram disulfide (TETD), tetramethylthiram disulfide (TMTD), tetramethylthiram monosulfide (TMTM), or a combination thereof.

[0481] Embodiment 69. The composition according to Embodiment 64, wherein the dithiocarbamate comprises zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDMC), zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDEC), zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate (ZDBC), nickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate (NDBC), sodium dibenzyl dithiocarbamate (SBEC), sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (SDEC), telluride diethyl dithiocarbamate (TDEC), zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate (ZEBC), or a combination thereof.

[0482] Embodiment 70. A composition according to any one of Embodiments 57 to 69, wherein one or more rubber chemicals comprise one or more activators.

[0483] Embodiment 71. The composition according to Embodiment 70, wherein one or more activators include a metal oxide, an acid, a metal complex, or a combination thereof.

[0484] Embodiment 72. The composition according to Embodiment 71, wherein the metal oxide comprises zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, lead oxide, or a combination thereof.

[0485] Embodiment 73. The composition according to Embodiment 72, wherein the acid comprises stearic acid, lauric acid, or a combination thereof.

[0486] Embodiment 74. The composition according to Embodiment 72, wherein the metal complex comprises zinc ethylhexanoate.

[0487] Embodiment 75. A composition according to any one of Embodiments 57 to 74, wherein one or more rubber chemicals comprise one or more pre-vulcanization inhibitors.

[0488] Embodiment 76. The composition according to Embodiment 75, wherein one or more pre-vulcanization inhibitors include N-(cyclohexylthio)phthalimide (CTP), benzoic anhydride, salicylic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, or a combination thereof.

[0489] Embodiment 77. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 25 to 76, wherein the composition comprises one or more plasticizers.

[0490] Embodiment 78. The composition according to Embodiment 77, wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of composition (i) and about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of one or more plasticizers.

[0491] Embodiment 79. The composition according to Embodiment 77 or 78, wherein the composition comprises one or more plasticizers in an amount of about 0.1 phr to about 30 phr.

[0492] Embodiment 80. The composition according to Embodiment 79, wherein the composition comprises one or more plasticizers in an amount of about 1 phr to about 20 phr.

[0493] Embodiment 81. A composition according to any one of Embodiments 77 to 80, wherein one or more plasticizers include mineral oil, organic ester, resin, wax, ester plasticizer, naturally derived oil, or a combination thereof.

[0494] Embodiment 82. The composition according to Embodiment 81, wherein the mineral oil is naphthenic oil, paraffinic oil, or aromatic oil.

[0495] Embodiment 83. The composition according to Embodiment 81, wherein the naturally derived oil is soybean oil, vegetable oil, or orange oil.

[0496] Embodiment 84. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 25 to 83, wherein the composition further comprises a second degradation inhibitor.

[0497] Embodiment 85. The composition according to Embodiment 84, wherein the composition comprises about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of composition (i) and about 15 wt / wt% to about 85 wt / wt% of one or more second degradation inhibitors.

[0498] Embodiment 86. The composition according to Embodiment 84 or 85, wherein one or more second degradation inhibitors are present in an amount of about 0.001 phr to about 10 phr.

[0499] Embodiment 87. The composition according to Embodiment 86, wherein one or more second degradation inhibitors are present in an amount of about 0.1 phr to about 5 phr.

[0500] Embodiment 88. The composition according to Embodiment 87, wherein one or more second degradation inhibitors are present in an amount of about 0.5 phr to about 5 phr.

[0501] Embodiment 89. The composition according to Embodiment 88, wherein one or more second degradation inhibitors are present in an amount of about 1 phr to about 5 phr.

[0502] Embodiment 90. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 84 to 89, wherein one or more second degradation inhibitors are antioxidants.

[0503] Embodiment 91. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 84 to 89, wherein one or more second degradation inhibitors are anti-ozone agents.

[0504] Embodiment 92. The composition according to any one of Embodiments 84 to 91, wherein one or more second degradation inhibitors are paraphenylenediamine (PPD), trimethyldihydroquinoline (TMQ), phenols, alkylated diphenylamine (DPA), or diphenylamine-ketone condensates.

[0505] Embodiment 93. PPD is N 1 -(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-N 4 -Phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine (6PPD), N-(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (7PPD), N 1 -phenyl-N 4The composition according to Embodiment 92, wherein the composition is -(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine (IPPD), N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine (44PD), N,N'-bis(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (66PD), N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine (77PD), or N-N'-dioctyl-p-phenylenediamine (88PD).

[0506] Embodiment 94. The composition according to Embodiment 93, wherein PPD is 6PPD.

[0507] Embodiment 95. The composition according to Embodiment 92, wherein TMQ is 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, or an oligomer or polymer thereof.

[0508] Embodiment 96. A vulcanized elastomer article comprising the composition described in any one of Embodiments 2595.

[0509] Embodiment 97. A vulcanized elastomer article prepared using any one of the compositions described in Embodiments 25 to 95.

[0510] Embodiment 98. The vulcanized elastomer article according to Embodiment 96 or 97, wherein the vulcanized elastomer article is a tire.

[0511] Embodiment 99. The vulcanized elastomer article according to Embodiment 98, wherein the tire is a passenger car tire, a light truck tire, a heavy truck or bus tire, a motorcycle tire, an agricultural tire, a construction machine tire, an airplane tire, or a racing tire.

[0512] Embodiment 100. The vulcanized elastomer article according to Embodiment 96 or 97, wherein the vulcanized elastomer article is a component of a tire.

[0513] Embodiment 101. The vulcanized elastomer article according to Embodiment 100, wherein the components are beads, belts, body plies, inner liners, sidewalls, undertreads, or treads.

[0514] Embodiment 102. The vulcanized elastomer article according to Embodiment 96 or 97, wherein the vulcanized elastomer article is a rubber overshoe, sealing strip, acoustic panel, air spring, bellows, membrane, tactile sensor, crash pad, hose, conveyor belt, or flooring material.

[0515] Embodiment 103. A process for preparing a vulcanized elastomer article, wherein the process comprises: (a) Forming the composition described in any one of Embodiments 25 to 95 into a molded shape, (b) including vulcanizing the formed shape, A process for providing vulcanized elastomer articles.

[0516] Embodiment 104. The process according to Embodiment 103, wherein vulcanization is carried out at an average temperature of approximately 120°C to approximately 180°C.

[0517] Embodiment 105. The process according to Embodiment 104, wherein vulcanization is carried out at an average temperature of approximately 140°C to approximately 160°C.

[0518] Embodiment 106. The process according to any one of Embodiments 103 to 105, wherein the vulcanized elastomer article is a tire.

[0519] Embodiment 107. The process according to Embodiment 106, wherein the tire is a passenger car tire, a light truck tire, a heavy truck or bus tire, a motorcycle tire, an agricultural tire, a construction machine tire, an airplane tire, or a racing tire.

[0520] Embodiment 108. The process according to any one of Embodiments 103 to 107, wherein the vulcanized elastomer article is a component of a tire.

[0521] Embodiment 109. The process according to Embodiment 108, wherein the components are beads, belts, body plies, inner liners, sidewalls, undertreads, or treads.

[0522] Embodiment 110. The process according to any one of Embodiments 103 to 105, wherein the vulcanized elastomer article is a rubber overshoe, sealing strip, acoustic panel, air spring, bellows, membrane, tactile sensor, crash pad, hose, conveyor belt, or flooring.

[0523] Embodiment 111. A lubricant composition comprising a lubricant and the composition described in any one of Embodiments 25 to 95.

[0524] Embodiment 112. A combustible fuel composition comprising a combustible fuel and a composition according to any one of Embodiments 25 to 95.

[0525] Embodiment 113. A fuel additive composition comprising a fuel additive and the composition described in any one of Embodiments 25 to 95.

[0526] Embodiment 114. A process for regenerating a tire, wherein the process comprises:

[0527] (a) Applying the composition described in any one of embodiments 25 to 95 to a tire,

[0528] (b) Placing a pre-vulcanized tread around the tire,

[0529] (c) Placing a hardening envelope around the tire,

[0530] (d) A process including vulcanizing a tire.

[0531] Embodiment 115. A kit comprising the composition described in any one of Embodiments 25 to 95, and instructions for using the composition in a vulcanizable elastomer composition.

[0532] Embodiment 116. A kit comprising a composition according to any one of Embodiments 25 to 95, and instructions for preparing a vulcanized elastomer article using the composition.

[0533] Embodiment 117. A process for preparing the composition described in any one of Embodiments 3 to 21, wherein the process comprises reacting 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone, 2,2-dimethoxypropane, or mesityl oxide in the presence of a strong acid, for example, hydrochloric acid.

[0534] Embodiment 118. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (21), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (21), for example, about 0.001% to about 10%, 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 10%, or about 1% to 10% of compound (21).

[0535] Embodiment 119. A composition comprising compound (10) and

[0536] (i) Compound (2), which, when the composition is measured by HPLC analysis, contains approximately 0.0001% to approximately 10% of Compound (2), for example, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.5%, and / or

[0537] (ii) Compound (4), which, when the composition is measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.001% to about 10% of Compound (4), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5%, Compound (4), and / or

[0538] (iii) Compound (11A) or Compound (11B) such that the composition contains approximately 0.001% to approximately 10% of Compound (11A) or Compound (11B) when measured by HPLC analysis, for example, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.5% of Compound (11A) or Compound (11B), and / or

[0539] (iv) Compound (20A) or Compound (20B) such that the composition contains approximately 0.001% to approximately 10% of Compound (20A) or Compound (20B) when measured by HPLC analysis, for example, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.5% of Compound (20A) or Compound (20B), and / or

[0540] (v) Compound (21), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of Compound (21), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of Compound (21).

[0541] Embodiment 120. A composition comprising compound (10) and compound (2), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (2), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (2).

[0542] Embodiment 121. A composition comprising compound (10) and compound (21), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (21), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to 0.5% of compound (21).

[0543] Embodiment 122. A composition comprising compound (10) and

[0544] (i) Compound (2), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains approximately 0.0001% to approximately 10% of Compound (2), for example, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.5% of Compound (2),

[0545] (ii) Compound (21), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of Compound (21), for example, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5% of Compound (21).

[0546] Embodiment 123. A composition comprising compound (10) and compound (2), wherein, when measured by HPLC analysis, the composition contains approximately 85% to approximately 99.5% of compound (10), for example, approximately 90% to approximately 99.5%, or approximately 95% to approximately 99% of compound (10), and approximately 0.0001% to approximately 10% of compound (2), for example, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, or approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%. A composition comprising compound (2) in amounts of approximately 0.1% to 10%, approximately 0.001% to 5%, approximately 0.01% to 5%, approximately 0.1% to 5%, approximately 0.001% to 1%, approximately 0.01% to 1%, approximately 0.01% to 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to 0.5%, and compound (10) in amounts of approximately 85% to 99.5%, for example, approximately 90% to 99.5%, or approximately 95% to 99%.

[0547] Embodiment 124. A composition comprising compound (10) and compound (21), wherein, when measured by HPLC analysis, the composition contains approximately 85% to approximately 99.5% of compound (10), for example, approximately 90% to approximately 99.5%, or approximately 95% to approximately 99% of compound (10), and when measured by HPLC analysis, approximately 0.0001% to approximately 10% of compound (21). 1) A composition comprising, for example, compound (21) in amounts of approximately 0.01% to 10%, approximately 0.01% to 10%, approximately 0.1% to 10%, approximately 0.001% to 5%, approximately 0.01% to 5%, approximately 0.1% to 5%, approximately 0.001% to 1%, approximately 0.01% to 1%, approximately 0.01% to 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to 0.5%.

[0548] Embodiment 125. A composition comprising compound (10), compound (2), and compound (21), wherein, when measured by HPLC analysis, the composition contains approximately 85% to approximately 99.5% of compound (10), for example, approximately 90% to approximately 99.5%, or approximately 95% to approximately 99% of compound (10); and when measured by HPLC analysis, approximately 0.0001% to approximately 10% of compound (2), for example, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 1%, approximately A composition comprising compound (2) in amounts of 0.01% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to 0.5%, and compound (21) in amounts of approximately 0.0001% to approximately 10%, for example, compound (21) in amounts of approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 0.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 0.5%, or approximately 0.1% to 0.5%.

[0549] Embodiment 126. Compound (21).

[0550] Embodiment 127. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment 126.

[0551] Embodiment 128. Compound (22).

[0552] Embodiment 129. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment 128.

[0553] Embodiment 130. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (22), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (22), for example, about 0.001% to about 10%, 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 10%, or about 1% to 10% of compound (22).

[0554] Embodiment 131. Compound (23).

[0555] Embodiment 132. Compound (24).

[0556] Embodiment 133. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (23), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (23), for example, about 0.001% to about 10%, 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 10%, or about 1% to 10% of compound (23).

[0557] Embodiment 134. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (24), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (24), for example, about 0.001% to about 10%, 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 10%, or about 1% to 10% of compound (24).

[0558] Embodiment 135. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (25), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (25), for example, about 0.001% to about 10%, 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 10%, or about 1% to 10% of compound (25).

[0559] Embodiment 136. The composition contains the compound of Embodiment 1 or 2, and the compound (37), wherein the composition, when measured by HPLC analysis, contains about 0.0001% to about 10% of compound (37), for example, about 0.001% to about 10%, 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.001% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 10%, or about 1% to 10% of compound (37).

[0560] This disclosure provides the following specific embodiments. Compound structures are provided in Table 1.

[0561] Embodiment #1. Formula (I): [ka]

[0562] A compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, in the formula, [ka] This represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0563] Embodiment 2. The compound according to Embodiment #1, wherein the compound having formula (I) is compound (1).

[0564] Embodiment #3. The compound according to Embodiment #1, wherein the compound having formula (I) is compound (2).

[0565] Embodiment #4. A composition comprising a compound described in any one of Embodiments #1 to #3, or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0566] Embodiment #5. Formula (II): [ka]

[0567] A compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, in the formula, [ka] This represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0568] Embodiment #6. The compound according to Embodiment #5, wherein the compound having formula (II) is compound (3).

[0569] Embodiment #7. The compound according to Embodiment #5, wherein the compound having formula (II) is compound (4).

[0570] Embodiment #8. A composition comprising a compound described in any one of Embodiments #5 to #7, or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0571] Embodiment #9. Formula (III): [ka]

[0572] A compound having, or a salt or solvate thereof, in the formula, [ka] This represents a single bond or a double bond.

[0573] Embodiment #10. The compound according to Embodiment #9, wherein the compound having formula (III) is compound (5).

[0574] Embodiment #11. The compound according to Embodiment #9, wherein the compound having formula (III) is compound (6).

[0575] Embodiment #12. A composition comprising a compound described in any one of Embodiments #9 to #11, or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0576] Embodiment #13. Compound (21), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0577] Embodiment #14. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment #13, or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0578] Embodiment #15. Compound (23), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0579] Embodiment #16. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment #15, or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0580] Embodiment #17. Compound (24), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0581] Embodiment #18. A composition comprising the compound of Embodiment #17, or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0582] Embodiment #19. A composition comprising formula (IV): [ka]

[0583] Compounds having, or salts or solvates thereof,

[0584] (a) Equation (I): [ka]

[0585] Compounds having, or salts or solvates thereof,

[0586] (b) Formula (II): [ka]

[0587] Compounds having, or salts or solvates thereof,

[0588] (c) Formula (III): [ka]

[0589] Compounds having, or salts or solvates thereof,

[0590] (d) Compound (7), or a salt or solvate thereof,

[0591] (e) Compound (8), or a salt or solvate thereof,

[0592] (f) Compound (11A) or Compound (11B), or a salt or solvate thereof,

[0593] (g) Compound (20A) or Compound (20B), or a salt or solvate thereof,

[0594] (h) Compound (21), or a salt or solvate thereof,

[0595] (i) Compound (22), or a salt or solvate thereof,

[0596] (j) Compound (23), or a salt or solvate thereof,

[0597] (k) Compound (24), or a salt or solvate thereof,

[0598] (l) Formula (I), or its salt or solvate; Formula (II), or its salt or solvate; Formula (III), or its salt or solvate; Compound (7), or its salt or solvate; Compound (8), or its salt or solvate; Compound (11A) or Compound (11B), or its salt or solvate; Compound (20A) or Compound (20B), or its salt or solvate; and / or Compound (21), or its salt or solvate; Compound (22), or its salt or solvate; Compound (23), or its salt or solvate; and / or Compound (24), or a combination thereof,

[0599] During the ceremony, [ka] A composition in which a single bond or a double bond is represented.

[0600] Embodiment #20. The composition according to Embodiment #19, comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a compound having formula (I), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0601] Embodiment #21. The composition according to Embodiment #19 or 20, which contains about 0.1 to about 10% of formula (I) as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.

[0602] Embodiment #22. The composition according to Embodiment #19 or 20, wherein the weight ratio of formula (I) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1.

[0603] Embodiment #23. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to #33, comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a compound having formula (II), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0604] Embodiment #24. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 23, which contains about 0.1 to about 10% of formula (II) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0605] Embodiment #25. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 23, wherein the weight ratio of formula (II) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1.

[0606] Embodiment #26. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 25, comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and a compound having formula (III), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0607] Embodiment #27. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 26, which contains about 0.1 to about 10% of formula (III) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0608] Embodiment #28. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to #26, wherein the weight ratio of formula (IIII) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1.

[0609] Embodiment #29. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 28, comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (7), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0610] Embodiment #30. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 29, comprising approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% of compound (7) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0611] Embodiment #31. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 29, wherein the weight ratio of compound (7) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1.

[0612] Embodiment #32. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 31, comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (11), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0613] Embodiment #33. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 32, which contains approximately 0.001 to approximately 10% of compound (8) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0614] Embodiment #34. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to #32, wherein the weight ratio of compound (8) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1.

[0615] Embodiment #35. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 34, comprising approximately 0.001 to approximately 10% of compound (11A) or compound (11B) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0616] Embodiment #36. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to #34, wherein the weight ratio of compound (11A) or compound (11B) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1.

[0617] Embodiment #37. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 36, comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (21), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0618] Embodiment #38. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 37, comprising approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% of compound (21) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0619] Embodiment #39. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to #37, wherein the weight ratio of compound (21) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1.

[0620] Embodiment #40. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 39, comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (23), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0621] Embodiment #41. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 40, comprising approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% of compound (23) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0622] Embodiment #42. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to #40, wherein the weight ratio of compound (23) to formula (IV) is 0.001 to 0.1.

[0623] Embodiment #43. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 42, comprising a compound having formula (IV), or a salt or solvate thereof, and compound (24), or a salt or solvate thereof.

[0624] Embodiment #44. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 43, comprising approximately 0.01 to approximately 10% of compound (23) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0625] Embodiment #45. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to #43, wherein the weight ratio of compound (23) to formula (IV) is 0.0001 to 0.1.

[0626] Embodiment #46. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 45, wherein the compound having formula (IV) is compound (9).

[0627] Embodiment #47. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #19 to 47, wherein the compound having formula (IV) is compound (10).

[0628] Embodiment #48. A composition comprising compound (10), and

[0629] (i) When measured by HPLC analysis, approximately 0.001% to approximately 10% of compound (2), and / or

[0630] (ii) When measured by HPLC analysis, approximately 0.001% to approximately 10% of compound (4), and / or

[0631] (iii) When measured by HPLC analysis, approximately 0.001% to approximately 10% of compound (11A) or compound (11B), and / or

[0632] (iv) When measured by HPLC analysis, approximately 0.001% to approximately 20% of compound (20A) or compound (20B), and / or

[0633] (v) When measured by HPLC analysis, the compound (21) is present in an amount of approximately 0.001% to approximately 10%.

[0634] (vi) When measured by HPLC analysis, the compound (23) is present in an amount of approximately 0.0001% to approximately 3%.

[0635] (vii) A composition containing approximately 0.0001% to approximately 3% of compound (24) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0636] Embodiment #49. The composition according to Embodiment #48, comprising compound (10) and compound (2) at a concentration of about 0.001% to about 10%, as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0637] Embodiment #50. The composition according to Embodiment #48 or #49, comprising compound (10) and compound (2) in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1%, as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0638] Embodiment #51. The composition according to Embodiment #8 or #49, comprising compound (10) and compound (2) at a concentration of about 0.03% to about 3% as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0639] Embodiment #52. The composition according to Embodiment 8, comprising compound (10) and compound (21) at a concentration of about 0.001% to about 10% as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0640] Embodiment #53. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #48 to #52, comprising compound (10) and compound (21) in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0641] Embodiment #54. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #48 to #52, comprising compound (10) and compound (21) at a concentration of about 0.03% to about 3% as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0642] Embodiment #55. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #48 to #52, comprising approximately 0.02% to approximately 2% of compound (11A) or compound (11B) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0643] Embodiment #56. A composition according to any one of Embodiments #48 to #52, comprising approximately 1% to approximately 20% of compound (20A) or compound (20B) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0644] Embodiment #57. The composition according to any one of Embodiments #s48 to 56, comprising approximately 90% to approximately 99% of the compound (10) as measured by HPLC analysis.

[0645] Embodiment #58.

[0646] (i) One or more elastomers, or

[0647] (ii) One or more fillers, or

[0648] (iii) One or more rubber chemicals,

[0649] (iv) One or more plasticizers,

[0650] (v) One or more second degradation inhibitors,

[0651] (vi) A composition according to any one of Embodiments #4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 18-57, further comprising a combination of one or more elastomers, one or more fillers, one or more rubber chemicals, one or more plasticizers, and / or one or more second degradation inhibitors.

[0652] Embodiment #59. A vulcanized elastomer article comprising the composition described in Embodiment #58.

[0653] Embodiment #60. A vehicle comprising a vulcanized elastomer article as described in Embodiment #59.

[0654] Embodiment #61. A kit comprising the composition described in Embodiment #58, and instructions for preparing a vulcanized elastomer article using the composition.

[0655] Embodiment #62. A process for preparing the composition described in any one of Embodiments #4, 8, 14, 16, 18-45, the process comprising reacting a composition containing 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone, 2,2-dimethoxypropane, or mesityl oxide in the presence of a strong acid.

[0656] Embodiment #63. Compounds described in Embodiments #2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 17, and

[0657] (i) One or more elastomers, or

[0658] (ii) One or more fillers, or

[0659] (iii) One or more rubber chemicals,

[0660] (iv) One or more plasticizers,

[0661] (v) One or more second degradation inhibitors,

[0662] (vi) A composition comprising a combination of one or more elastomers, one or more fillers, one or more rubber chemicals, one or more plasticizers, and / or one or more second degradation inhibitors.

[0663] Embodiment #64. A vulcanized elastomer article comprising the composition described in Embodiment #63.

[0664] Embodiment #65. A vehicle comprising the vulcanized elastomer article described in Embodiment #64.

[0665] Embodiment #66. A kit comprising the composition described in Embodiment #65, and instructions for preparing a vulcanized elastomer article using the composition. [Examples]

[0666] Example 1 Reaction of 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone 184.0 g of 4-aminodiphenylamine (1.0 mol, 99.2% purity) and 8.3 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol, 37%, δ=1.18) catalyst were packed into a 500 mL kettle reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, temperature control, an additive funnel, a nitrogen inlet, and a condenser with a receiver. The reactor was heated to 95°C under nitrogen with stirring. 440 mL of acetone (6.0 mol, industrial grade, δ=0.784) was supplied to the stirred reactor from the additive funnel under nitrogen at 95°C for 4.5 hours. 265 mL of acetone collected in the receiver was transferred to the additive funnel and supplied to the reactor under nitrogen at 95°C for 1.5 hours with stirring. The reaction mass was neutralized with 60 mL of 15% aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The reactor was cooled to room temperature. The contents of the reactor were transferred to a separatory funnel in two parts with 200 mL of toluene and 50 mL of water. Separation layer and wastewater layer. Toluene was removed by rotary evaporation. 37% of 212 g of 6-anilino-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, i.e., compound (10), and 54% of unreacted 4-aminodiphenylamine ("4-ADPA") starting material were recovered by area percent HPLC. A crude solution of approximately 20 g of the reaction mixture in 30 mL of chloroform was prepared and packed into a sintered glass filter (13.3 cm in diameter, 2000 mL in size) prepared with 350-400 g of silica gel 60. While eluting with an additional 3-4 L of chloroform, the clear filtrate (for spot-checking the effectiveness of 4-ADPA separation by thin-layer chromatography) was collected in a 500 mL portion, and 4ADPA was separated from compound (10) by removing volatile substances via rotational evaporation. Analysis of the final material purified by silica column filtration, as measured by HPLC, showed 95.3% compound (10) and other unexpected molecules, i.e., by-products. See Figure 1, Table 1, and Table 2. It has not yet been determined whether the HPLC peak at 8.7 min is compound (11A), compound (11B), compound (20A), or compound (20B). [Table 2]

[0667] Method 1. HPLC analysis Chromatograms were obtained using an Agilent 1260 Infinity II series HPLC system equipped with a Poroshell 120 column (EC-C18 4.6 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) with a 5 μL injection volume maintained at 25°C. UV absorption of the effluent was measured at multiple wavelengths in the range of 200–450 nm (2 nm steps) using a diode array detector. A wavelength of 260 nm was used to determine the percentage of each component by peak area. The analyte could be reliably detected at concentrations of 0.5 ppm or higher. The molecular weight of each peak observed in the chromatogram was determined by MS coupled to an LC-UV system using a single quadrupole mass-selective detector with atmospheric pressure chemiionization in positive mode. Source parameters were set as follows: gas and vaporizer temperatures were 300°C and 200°C, gas flow rate was 5.0 L / min, and atomizer pressure was 15 PSI. The mobile phase (flow rate of 1 mL / min) consisted of a 5 mmol / L aqueous solution of ammonium formate (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B), using the following gradient shown in Table 3. [Table 3]

[0668] Method 2: HPLC-UV / MS The chromatogram was obtained using an Agilent 1260 Infinity II series HPLC system equipped with an Agilent Poroshell 120 column (EC-C18 4.6×100 mm, 2.7 μm, PN: 695975-902) at an injection volume of 5 μL while maintained at 25 °C. A diode array detector was used to measure the UV absorption of the effluent at multiple wavelengths in the range of 200 - 450 nm (2 nm step). Wavelength 290 nm (bw = 20) could be used for detecting the percentage of each component by peak area. The molecular weight of each peak observed in the chromatogram was identified by MS coupled to the LC-UV system using a single quadrupole mass selective detector of Agilent InfinityLab LC / MSD G6125C in APCI+ mode with a fragmentation voltage of 100 V. The compound was detected as the protonated form of the parent ion [M+1] + For the source parameters, they were set as follows. The gas and vaporizer temperatures were 300 °C and 200 °C respectively, the gas flow rate was 5.0 L / min, and the nebulizer pressure was 15 PSI. For selected ion monitoring (SIM) detection, the mass spectrometer was set to monitor the response intensity of the selected compound at m / z = [M+1] + For the SIM detection of compounds (2), (21), (23), and (25), the mass spectrometer was set to m / z = 265, 225, and 279 amu respectively. The mobile phase (flow rate of 1 mL / min) consisted of 75 mM aqueous formic acid solution, 5 mM ammonium formate buffer aqueous solution (solvent D), and acetonitrile (solvent B) using the following gradient shown in Table 4.

Table 4

[0669] To minimize interference from the high concentration of compound (10), when using SIM, a diverting valve was used to divert the eluate from the MS detector to waste during the elution time of compound (10) being collected.

[0670] To determine the experimental limit or lower limit of the working calibration range for the detected LOD, two stock solutions of compound (21) were prepared at concentrations of 470 ppm (μg / ml) and 958 ppm (μg / ml). A 10:1 series dilution was applied to each stock solution until concentrations of 4.70 parts per billion (ppb) and 0.958 ppb were achieved, respectively. Standard substances with concentrations from 4.70 ppm to 0.958 ppb (a total of eight standards) were injected using Method 2, and the calibration range was evaluated using linear calibration with offset (ignoring the origin). The lower limit of the working range was determined by the lowest concentration criterion having a relative residual percentage within + / -20%. For molecule (21), the LOD was determined to be 9.58 parts per billion with a residue of -19.3%.

[0671] Method 3: GC-MS Chromatograms were obtained using a Thermo Fisher Trace 1310 gas chromatograph equipped with an ISQ7000 single quadrupole mass spectrometer for detection. One microliter of sample solution was injected using an AI 1310 autosampler into a split inlet with a split flow rate of 15 ml / min and a purge flow rate of 5 ml / min, while maintaining an inlet temperature of 250°C. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a constant flow rate of 1 ml / min, using an Agilent VF-5ms capillary column (15 m × 0.25 mm × 1 μm) as the stationary phase. After holding the initial oven temperature of 35°C for 1 minute, the temperature was sloped up to 240°C at 15°C / min, the oven was held at 240°C for 3 minutes, then sloped up to 300°C at 8°C / min, and held isothermally for 20 minutes, resulting in a total method time of 45.2 minutes. Both the mass spectrometer transfer line and ion source temperatures were 300°C. Using the electron impact (EI) ionization mode, total ion chromatograms were collected from 40–550 amu (residence time of 0.1 seconds) for general identification, while quantitative analysis of specific analytes was performed using a target mass range with the same ionization mode and parameters. The target mass range was analyte-dependent and selected from the most abundant ions in the spectra generated under the above conditions. The selected ion ranges were 208–210 amu for compound (21), 262–265 amu for compounds (23) and (25), and 248–250 amu for compound (2). This method was calibrated with purified external standards diluted to a multilevel typically between 50 ppb and 5000 ppb, although the range may vary depending on the concentration of the observed analyte. Chromeleon CDS was used for spectral and quantitative analysis.

[0672] To estimate the experimental limit or lower limit of the working calibration range of the detected LOD, two stock solutions of compound (25) were prepared at concentrations of 554 ppm (μg / ml) and 1184 ppm (μg / ml). A 10:1 series dilution was applied to each stock solution until concentrations of 5.54 parts per billion (ppb) and 1.18 ppb were achieved, respectively. Standards with concentrations from 5.54 ppm to 1.18 ppb (a total of eight standards) were injected using Method 3, and the calibration range was evaluated using linear calibration with offset (ignoring the origin). The lower limit of the working range was estimated by the lowest concentration criterion having a relative residual percentage within + / -20%. For molecule (25), the LOD was determined to be 55.4 parts per billion with a residue of -5.75%.

[0673] Example 2 Reaction of 4-aminodiphenylamine with mesityl oxide 5.54 g of 4-aminodiphenylamine (30 mmol, 99.2% purity) and 0.5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (6 mmol, 37%, δ=1.18) catalyst were packed into a 50 mL reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer, temperature control, addition funnel, nitrogen inlet, and reflux condenser with receiver. The reactor was heated to 100°C under nitrogen with stirring. 23 mL of mesityl oxide (180 mmol, 90% industrial grade, Sigma, δ=0.858) was added under nitrogen with stirring over 2 hours at 100°C. The reaction was held for a further 2.5 hours under the same conditions and monitored for completion by HPLC analysis (Method 1). The reaction was neutralized with 4 mL of 15% aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The reactor was cooled to room temperature. The contents of the reactor were transferred in two portions to a separatory funnel with 50 mL of chloroform and 20 mL of water. Separation layer and waste water layer. Chloroform and some mesityl oxide were removed by rotational evaporation. Area percentage HPLC analysis of 9.7 g yielded 59.1% of compound (10), approximately 10% of the total unreacted starting material (9% mesityl oxide and 1% 4-aminodiphenylamine), and other unexpected molecules, i.e., by-products. For details of the HPLC analysis, please refer to Example 1, Table 1, and Table 5. It has not yet been determined whether the HPLC peak at 7.3 min is compound (11A), compound (11B), compound (20A), or compound (20B). [Table 5]

[0674] Example 3 Reaction of 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone and mesityl oxide To a stirred solution of 4-aminodiphenylamine (1.50 g, 8.14 mmol) in 3:2v:v acetone:mesityl oxide (5 mL), triflate zinc (0.296 g, 0.814 mmol) was added at room temperature. The stirred mixture was heated to 80°C and maintained for 22 hours. The mixture was then allowed to stand and cooled to room temperature for 10 minutes. The solution was then decanted by pouring it into a clear flask. The remaining precipitate was rinsed in two parts with 20 mL of acetone combined with the solution in the flask. The resulting solution was then evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 3.08 g of material containing compound (10) and by-products including other unexpected molecules, namely compounds (2), (21), (23), (25), and (37). Figures 2-5 and 23.

[0675] Example 4 Reaction of 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone To a solution of 4-aminodiphenylamine (750.0 g, 2.7 mol) in acetone (1800 mL), triflate zinc (148 g, 0.27 mol) was added under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The resulting mixture was heated to 60–65°C and maintained for 20 hours. After the reaction was completed by TLC, it was cooled to room temperature and filtered through a Celite bed. The Celite bed was washed with ethyl acetate, the filtrate was collected, and evaporated under reduced pressure. This procedure was repeated four times to combine the crude materials. The combined crude materials were purified by column chromatography using silica gel (100–200 mesh) and elution with 5–10% ethyl acetate in hexane to obtain 1534.0 g of purified compound (10) as a pale yellow solid. Analysis of the final material by Method 1 showed 98.5% compound (10) and other unexpected molecules, i.e., by-products. Figures 6 and 7.

[0676] Example 5 Reaction of 2-aminodiphenylamine with acetone 5.53 g of 2-aminodiphenylamine (30 mmol, Sigma) and 0.25 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (3 mmol, 37%, δ=1.18) catalyst were packed into a 50 mL reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer, temperature control, addition funnel, nitrogen inlet, and reflux condenser with receiver. The reactor was heated to 95°C under nitrogen with stirring. 13.5 mL of acetone (180 mmol, ACS grade, δ=0.784) was added under nitrogen with stirring over 1.5 hours at 95°C. The reactor was held under the same conditions for a further 1.5 hours. The reactor was neutralized with 2 mL of 15% aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The reactor was cooled to room temperature. The contents of the reactor were transferred in two portions to a separatory funnel with 50 mL of toluene and 20 mL of water. Separation layer and waste water. Toluene was removed by rotary evaporation. When measured by area percentage HPLC, 5.6 g of material was recovered containing 4.5% 8-anilino-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (compound (2)), 65.6% unreacted 2-aminodiphenylamine ("2-ADPA") starting material, and other molecules, i.e., by-products. For details of the HPLC analysis, please refer to Example 1 and Table 6. [Table 6]

[0677] Example 6 Reaction of 2-aminodiphenylamine with mesityl oxide 4.28 g of 2-aminodiphenylamine (23.2 mmol, Sigma) and 0.2 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (2.4 mmol, 37%, δ=1.18) catalyst were packed into a 50 mL reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer, temperature control, addition funnel, nitrogen inlet, and reflux condenser with receiver. The reactor was heated to 95°C under nitrogen with stirring. 11 mL of mesityl oxide (91.4 mmol, 95%, TCI, δ=0.858) was added under nitrogen with stirring over 1 hour at 95°C. The reactor was held under the same conditions for a further 1.5 hours. The reaction was neutralized with 1.5 mL of 15% aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The reactor was cooled to room temperature. Analysis of the crude reaction mass, measured by area percentage HPLC, showed 4.6% compound (2), 65.1% total unreacted starting materials (42.3% mesityl oxide and 22.8% 2-ADPA), and other by-products. For details of the HPLC analysis, please refer to Example 1 and Table 7. It has not yet been determined whether the HPLC peak at 8.4 min is compound (11A), compound (11B), compound (20A), or compound (20B). [Table 7]

[0678] Example 7 Synthesis of compound (4) (2,2,4-trimethyl-N-phenylquinoline-6(2H)-imine) [ka] A 250 mL round-bottom flask fitted with a stirring bar was packed with 2,2,4-trimethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-amine (5.5 g, 20.8 mmol) and then covered with N2. Acetonitrile (60 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred (the substrate dissolved within a few minutes). A 10-15% NaOCl aqueous solution (16 mL, 25.9-38.9 mmol of hypochlorite anion) was added in small amounts over 6-7 minutes. The concentrated liquid separated immediately. The two-phase system was stirred without external cooling or heating. A gradual, gentle exothermic reaction continued, reaching a peak at approximately 25 minutes. Thirty minutes after the reaction, silica gel TLC using 20% ​​AcOEt in hexane as the eluent showed complete consumption of the substrate (Rf=0.45) and the formation of two new dots (Rf=0.2 and 0.4). Approximately 50 minutes after the reaction, an aqueous solution of 1.69 mol / L Na2SO3 (15 mL, 25.35 mmol sulfite anion) was added to quench the excess hypochlorite anion (exothermic reaction was observed). The two-phase system was diluted in a separatory funnel with AcOEt (60 mL). The aqueous phase was discarded. The organic phase was washed with deionized water (60 mL), diluted NaCl aqueous solution (60 mL), and saturated NaCl aqueous solution (60 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered, and then volatile substances were removed under reduced pressure (rotary evaporator; water bath = 50°C). The mixture was further dried in a rotary evaporator (50°C, approximately 10 mbar) until a certain weight was obtained to obtain a thick viscous liquid (4.7 g, 86% yield for 2,2,4-trimethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-amine). The structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS m / z[M+1]. + This was confirmed by =263. The purity of compound (4) was 99.03% (combined area of ​​the two stereoisomers) when measured by LC-UV260nm. The proton NMR spectrum (DMSO-d6) and HPLC chromatogram are shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively.

[0679] Example 8 Synthesis of compound (2) (2,2,4-trimethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-8-amine) and compound (21) (11,11-dimethyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine) [ka] Compound (32) (10.48 g, 56.9 mmol) and acetone (17.0 mL, 232 mmol) were packed into a 100 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a stirring bar and reflux condenser. The mixture was stirred under N2 protection (2-ADPA dissolved readily). Triflate zinc (2.15 g, 5.91 mmol) was added in one dose, and the reaction mixture was gradually heated in an oil bath (set temperature = 70°C). After reaching the temperature, it was maintained for 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature (overnight), the viscous residue was diluted with a mixture of toluene (2 mL) and acetone (3 mL). The resulting free-flowing dark liquid (containing trace amounts of insoluble material) was packed into a 41 mm inner diameter column prepared with silica gel 60 and 10% AcOEt in hexane. The height of the wet silica gel in the column was 25-26 cm. The flask and column wall were rinsed with toluene (1 mL). The column was eluted with 10% AcOEt in hexane. Each resulting portion was analyzed by silica gel TLC. Fraction 1 containing material with an Rf of 0.5 (10% AcOEt in hexane) was collected. The column was eluted with 30% AcOEt in hexane. Fraction 2 containing material with an Rf of 0.2 (10% AcOEt in hexane) was collected. Volatile substances were removed from each fraction independently under reduced pressure (rotary evaporator, water bath = 55°C). The fractions were further dried in a rotary evaporator (60°C, 5-15 mbar) until a certain weight was obtained to obtain two products.

[0680] Fraction 1: Compound (2); isolation yield = 0.37 g, light brown oil, solidified overnight at room temperature. Structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS m / z[M+1]. +This was confirmed by =265. The purity was 95.2 area% when measured by LC-UV260nm. The carbon-13 APT NMR spectrum (DMSO-d6) and HPLC chromatogram are shown in Figures 10 and 11, respectively.

[0681] Fraction 2: Isolation yield = 9.2 g, pale orange solid. This impurity material, containing approximately 9% residual 2-ADPA (LC-UV 260 nm), was dissolved in AcOEt (14 mL) using a warm water bath. Hexane (25 mL) was added to the resulting solution under stirring and N2 protection. The mixture was stirred until the solid separated. AcOEt-hexane mixtures (7 mL and 11 mL, respectively) were added to loosen the solid. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration on 0.2 micron disposable polyethylene frit and washed with AcOEt-hexane mixtures (4 mL and 7 mL, respectively). The wet beige solid was dried under vacuum at 50°C for several hours, then dried overnight at room temperature. Yield = 2.5 g, nearly white solid. The structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS m / z[M+1] + This was confirmed by =225. The purity of compound (21) was 98.9 area% when measured by LC-UV260nm. The carbon-13 ATP NMR spectrum (DMSO-d6) and HPLC chromatogram are shown in Figures 12 and 13, respectively.

[0682] Example 9 Synthesis of compound (23) (1,2,2,4-tetramethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-amine) and compound (24) (N,1,2,2,4-pentamethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-amine) [ka] Compound (10) (5.0 g, 18.9 mmol) was packed into a 250 mL round-bottom flask fitted with a stirring rod. The flask was placed under N2 protection and dry DMF (27 mL) was added. Stirring was started. After compound (10) was completely dissolved, anhydrous potassium carbonate (3.317 g, 24.0 mmol) was added. The flask was cooled in a cold tap water bath. Iodomethane (1.5 mL, 24.0 mmol) was added over 1-2 minutes. No significant heat generation occurred. The cooling bath was removed. The reaction mixture was stirred for 21.5 hours without external cooling or heating. Deionized water (27 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. AcOEt (100 mL) and deionized water (20 mL) were added and the mixture was stirred until the gummy material was dissolved. The resulting two-phase system was transferred to a separatory funnel and the organic layer was collected. The aqueous layer was extracted with AcOEt (70 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution (3 × 50 mL) and NaCl aqueous solution, dried on MgSO4, filtered, and then volatile substances were removed under reduced pressure (rotary evaporator; water bath = 50°C). Further drying was performed in a rotary evaporator (60°C, <10 mbar, 1 hour) to obtain the crude material (brown oil, 4.1 g). The crude material was dissolved in 5% AcOEt in hexane (7 mL). The obtained solution was packed into a 41 mm inner diameter column prepared with silica gel 60 and 5% AcOEt in hexane. The height of the wet silica gel in the column was 25-26 cm. The column was eluted with 5% AcOEt in hexane. Each resulting portion was analyzed by silica gel TLC. Fraction 1 containing the material with an Rf of 0.4 (5% AcOEt in hexane) was collected. The column was eluted with 20% AcOEt in hexane. Fraction 2 containing material with an Rf of 0.15 (5% AcOEt in hexane) was collected. Each fraction was independently de-volatilized under reduced pressure (rotary evaporator, water bath = 50°C). The fractions were further dried in a rotary evaporator (60°C, 9-10 mbar) until a certain weight was obtained to obtain the final product.

[0683] Fraction 1: Compound (24), isolation yield = 0.8 g, pale yellow oil. Structure determined by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS m / z[M+1]. +This was confirmed by =293. The purity was 99.0 area% when measured by LC-UV260nm. The carbon-13 APT NMR spectrum (DMSO-d6) and HPLC chromatogram are shown in Figures 14 and 15, respectively.

[0684] Fraction 2: Compound (23), isolation yield = 3.2 g, pale yellow oil. Structure determined by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS m / z[M+1]. + This was confirmed by =279. The purity was 95.5 area% when measured by LC-UV260nm. The carbon-13 APT NMR spectrum (DMSO-d6) and HPLC chromatogram are shown in Figures 16 and 17, respectively.

[0685] Example 10 Synthesis of compound (7) (2,2-dimethyl-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole) [ka] Compound (32) (1.632 g, 8.86 mmol), magnesium bromide hexahydrate (270 mg, 0.924 mmol), and acetone (3 mL, 40.9 mmol) were packed into a 2-DR vial fitted with a stirring bar. The vial was purged with N2 for several seconds, capped, and heated to 70°C (heating block) for 17 hours. After cooling to room temperature, a portion of the reaction mixture was directly packed into a 1-inch bore column prepared with neutral alumina (grade I) and 10% AcOEt in hexane. The height of the wet alumina in the column was 11–12 cm. The column was eluted with 10% AcOEt in hexane. Each resulting fraction was analyzed by neutral alumina TLC (20% AcOEt in hexane). Fractions containing dots with Rf=0.6 were collected, combined, and volatile substances were removed under reduced pressure (rotary evaporator, water bath = 45°C). The mixture was further dried in a rotary evaporator (45°C) until a certain weight was obtained, yielding a light brown oil (0.2 g). This solidified as a beige solid after being left to stand overnight at room temperature. The structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS m / z[M+1]. +This was confirmed by =225. The purity of compound (7) was 84.2 area% when measured by LC-UV 260nm (the chromatogram also shows compound (32) at 12.5 area%). The carbon-13 APT NMR spectrum (CD2Cl2) and HPLC chromatogram are shown in Figures 18 and 19, respectively.

[0686] Example 11 Synthesis of compound (25) (N,2,2,4-tetramethyl-N-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-amine) [ka] A 250 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a stirring bar and reflux condenser was filled with the substrate 6-bromo-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (1.415 g, 5.61 mmol), anhydrous grade toluene (20.5 mL), and N-methylaniline (0.63 mL, 5.81 mmol). The mixture was stirred under an N2 blanket. After the substrate was completely dissolved (for several minutes), dicyclohexyl(2',4',6'-triisopropyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)phosphane (0.1159 g, 0.243 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.1238 g, 0.135 mmol), and sodium tert-butoxide (0.6087 g, 6.33 mmol) were sequentially added to the flask. N2 was bubbling through the mixture for approximately 1 minute, and then the reaction mixture was heated under an N2 blanket for 3.5 hours (oil bath temperature set to 105°C). After cooling to room temperature (overnight), the reaction mixture was filtered under suction over Celite S. The cake was rinsed with toluene. The combined filtrate was removed under reduced pressure to remove volatile substances (rotary evaporator, water bath = 70°C). The resulting brown oil was diluted with hexane (4 mL), and the resulting solution was packed into a 1-inch bore column prepared with silica gel 60 and 5% AcOEt in hexane. The height of the wet silica gel in the column was approximately 18 cm. The column was eluted with 5% AcOEt in hexane. Each resulting fraction was analyzed by silica gel TLC (5% AcOEt in hexane). Fractions containing dots with Rf=0.2 were combined and removed under reduced pressure to remove volatile substances (rotary evaporator, water bath = 50°C). After drying under vacuum at 50°C for several hours, the mixture was dried overnight at room temperature to obtain 1.212 g of a very viscous, light brown oil. The structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS m / z[M+1]. + This was confirmed by =279. The purity of compound (25) was 98.6 area% when measured by LC-UV 260nm. The proton and carbon-13 APT NMR spectra (DMSO-d6) and HPLC chromatograms are shown in Figures 20, 21, and 22, respectively.

[0687] Example 12 Synthesis of compound (8) (1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole) [ka] 85.0 g, 0.46 mol of 2-aminodiphenylamine was added to a stirred solution of formic acid (425 mL) at room temperature. The reaction was heated to 100 °C and maintained for 16 hours. After the reaction was complete (monitored by TLC), it was cooled to room temperature, the reaction mass was dissolved in DCM (500 mL), washed with water (2 × 200 mL), and then washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated and evaporated at 45 °C under reduced pressure to obtain 75.0 g of the crude compound (8).

[0688] Purification: The obtained crude compound was purified by column chromatography using silica gel (60-120 mesh) as the stationary phase, while eluting with 0-15% ethyl acetate in hexane. The pure fraction was collected and evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 55.0 g of the desired compound (8) as a brown semi-solid.

[0689] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): δ8.57(s,1H),7.80(dd,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.79-760(m,1H),7.51(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.49-7.29(m,1H). 13 C NMR (100MHz, DMSO-d6): δ147.39,143.71,136.46,133.56,130.50,128.13,124. 08,123.91,122.92,120.48,111.08,40.63,40.42,40.00,39.80,39.59,39.38.

[0690] Example 13 Synthesis of compound (34) (N-(2-(phenylamino)phenyl)formamide) [ka] To a stirred solution of 2-amino-diphenylamine (2.5 g, 13.58 mmol) in THF (25 mL, 10 vol), N-formylsaccharin (2.8 g, 13.58 mmol) was added at room temperature and stirred for 15-20 minutes. After the reaction was complete (monitored by TLC), the mixture was quenched with saturated NaHCO3 solution (12 mL) and extracted with DCM (30 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated under vacuum to obtain 3.4 g of crude compound (34). The crude product was purified by silica gel (100-200 mesh) column chromatography while eluting with 15-20% ethyl acetate in hexane, and the pure fraction was collected. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain pure compound (34) as an off-white solid. 1 Rotational isomers were observed by 1H NMR. Yield: 1.5 g.

[0691] 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6 at 400MHz, 90℃): δ9.21(s,1H),8.32(s,1H),7.73(br s,1H),7.22-7.15(m,3H),7.10-7.06(m,2H),7.01-6.97(m,1H),6.84-6.82(m,2H),6.80-6.76(m,1H). 13 C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):δ163.87,160.73,145.31,144.41,135.74,134.54,130.88,129.60,129 .53,126.25,125.45,123.55,123.22,122.63,122.20,120.52,119.96,119.50,116.79,116.21.

[0692] Example 14 Synthesis of compound (37) (2-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole) [ka] 100.0 g, 0.54 mol of 2-aminodiphenylamine was added to a stirred solution of acetic acid (500 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was heated to 90 °C and maintained for 16 hours. After the reaction was complete (monitored by TLC), the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the reaction mass was dissolved in DCM (500 mL), washed with water (2 × 200 mL), and then in a NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated and evaporated at 45 °C under reduced pressure to obtain 110.0 g of the crude compound (37).

[0693] Purification: The obtained crude compound was purified by column chromatography using silica gel (60-120 mesh) as the stationary phase, while eluting with 0-15% ethyl acetate in hexane. The pure fraction was collected and evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 60.0 g of the desired compound (37) as a pale pink solid.

[0694] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): δ7.66(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),7.64-7.53(m,3H),7.24-7.15(m,2H),7.10(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.43(s,3H). 13 C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):δ151.74,142.90,136.07,130.43,129.12,127.34,122.75,122.3 9,118.97,110.21,40.67,40.63,40.46,40.42,40.25,40.21,40.00,39.79,39.58,14.57.

[0695] Example 15 Synthesis of compound (38) (N1-methyl-N1-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine) [ka] To a stirred degassed toluene (2000 mL) solution, Pd2dba3 (23.2 g, 0.025 mol) and X-Phos (6 g, 0.012 mol) were added at room temperature. After degassing for 15 minutes, the reaction mixture was heated to 60°C. Then, p-chloronitrobenzene (100.0 g, 0.63 mol) and N-methylaniline (75 g, 0.69 mol) were added, followed by NaOtBu (91.5 g, 0.95 mol). The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 90°C and stirred for 16 hours. After the completion of the reaction, which was monitored by TLC, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through a Celite pad, and washed with ethyl acetate (300 mL). The combined filtrate was washed with water, dried over Na2SO4, and evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain crude intermediate 1 (75.0 g).

[0696] Purification: The crude product obtained above was purified by column chromatography using silica gel (100-200 mesh) as the stationary phase, while eluting with 5-10% ethyl acetate in hexane. The pure fraction was collected, and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum to obtain the desired 60.0 g of intermediate 1 as a brown solid.

[0697] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.54(s,1H),7.10(td,J=8.4,1.6Hz,2H),6.82(dd,J=8.8,1 .2Hz,2H),6.63-6.56(m,3H),6.49(dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),4.38(s,2H),3.72(s,3H).

[0698] Step 2: Raney-Ni (15 g, 25% w / w) was added at room temperature to a stirred solution of intermediate 1 (60 g, 0.26 mol) in methanol (300 mL). Hydrogen pressure (10 kg) was then applied and maintained for 16 hours. After the reaction was complete (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was filtered through a Celite pad, washed with methanol (150 mL), and the solvent was evaporated to obtain 55.0 g of compound 38 as the crude product.

[0699] Purification: The crude product obtained above was purified by column chromatography using silica gel (100-200 mesh) as the stationary phase, while eluting with 15% ethyl acetate in hexane. The pure fraction was collected, and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum to obtain 44.0 g of the desired compound (38) as a brown solid.

[0700] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6): δ7.11-7.06(m,2H),6.85-6.81(m,2H),6.63-6.56(m,5H),5.03(s,2H),3.11(s,3H). 13 C NMR (100MHz, DMSO-d6): δ150.49,146.71,137.65,129.12,127.52,117.02,115.27,114.06.

[0701] Example 16 Synthesis of compound (39) (N1-methyl-N4-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine) [ka] To a stirred degassed solution of toluene (1000 mL), Pd2dba3 (18.6 g, 0.02 mol) and X-Phos (4.8 g, 0.01 mol) were added at room temperature, and the mixture was degassed for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was then heated to 60°C, and 4-bromo-N-methylaniline (95.0 g, 0.30 mol) and aniline (53 mL, 0.6 mol) were added, followed by the addition of NaOtBu (73 g, 0.76 mol). The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 90°C and stirred for 16 hours. After the completion of the reaction, which was monitored by TLC, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through a Celite pad, and washed with ethyl acetate (250 mL). The combined filtrate was washed with water, dried over Na2SO4, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 125.0 g of crude compound (39).

[0702] Purification: The crude product obtained above was purified by column chromatography using silica gel (100-200 mesh) as the stationary phase, while eluting with 5-10% ethyl acetate in hexane. The pure fraction was collected and evaporated under vacuum to obtain 42.0 g of compound (39) as a light brown solid.

[0703] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.48(s,1H),7.09(t,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.90(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.77(d,J=7.6H z,2H),6.59(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.59(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.38(q,J=10.0Hz,1H),2.65(d,J=5.2Hz,3H). 13 C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):δ147.17,146.07,131.91,129.43,123.09,117.47,114.08,112.84,30.72

[0704] Example 17 Synthesis of compound (40) (3-methoxy-N1-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine) [ka] Nitrogen was purged into 1,4-dioxane (250 mL) for 30 minutes, followed by the addition of Pd(OAc)2 (2.80 g, 0.012 mol) and X-Phos (17.7 g, 0.036 mol). The resulting reaction mixture was further purged with nitrogen for 15-20 minutes, after which 4-bromo-2-methoxyaniline (25.0 g, 0.123 mol) and aniline (34.0 mL, 0.371 mol) were added, followed by the addition of cesium carbonate (121.0 g, 0.371 mol). The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 85-90°C and stirred for 2-3 hours. After the reaction was complete (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through a Celite pad. The filtered cake was thoroughly washed with 1,4-dioxane, and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude residue (46 g). The obtained residue was further purified by silica gel (100-200 mesh) column chromatography while eluting with 10-15% ethyl acetate in hexane, yielding 8.7 g of compound (40) as a pale purple solid.

[0705] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.54(s,1H),7.10(td,J=8.4,1.6Hz,2H),6.82(dd,J=8.8,1 .2Hz,2H),6.63-6.56(m,3H),6.49(dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),4.38(s,2H),3.72(s,3H). 13 C NMR (100MHz, DMSO-d6): δ147.31,146.83,132.95,132.91,129.44,117.69,114.71,114.41,113.80,105.55,55.66.

[0706] Example 18 Synthesis of compound (49) (2,4-dimethyl-N-phenylquinoline-6-amine) [ka] A mixture of compound (10) (50.0 g, 0.189 mol) and sodium hydroxide (200.0 g, 400% w / w) was heated at 140-150°C and stirred at the same temperature for 16 hours. After 16 hours, it was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water, and extracted with DCM (500 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated under vacuum to obtain 60.0 g of crude compound (49).

[0707] Purification: The crude product obtained above was purified by silica gel (100-200 mesh) column chromatography while eluting with 45-50% ethyl acetate in hexane. The pure fraction was collected, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 6.9 g of compound (49) as a light brown solid.

[0708] 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3): δ7.92(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),7.42(dd,J=9.2,2.8Hz,1H),7.34-7.2 9(m,2H),7.17(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.07(s,1H),6.99(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.96(s,1H),2.65(s,3H),2.55(s,3H). 13 C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ151.06,138.85,138.13,137.85,135.86,125.38,124 .76,122.88,118.31,117.96,116.73,113.34,113.19,102.71,20.09,13.96.

[0709] Example 19 Oxidation Induction Time (OIT) Performance The oxidation induction time (OIT) of representative compounds of this disclosure was evaluated. The OIT was measured according to a procedure performed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC; TA Instruments, Q200). In this procedure, the sample is held in a cell and heated to a pre-selected temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. Oxygen (O2) is then introduced into the cell, and the length of time before the onset of decomposition is measured, as observed by the initiation of an endothermic process in the DSC trace.

[0710] A 0.5 wt% compound of the present disclosure or a blank without a degradation inhibitor was mixed with polyisoprene and heated isothermally at 150°C and / or 160°C in O2. The OIT in minutes is shown in Table 8. As these data indicate, the compounds of the present disclosure demonstrate antioxidant activity. [Table 8]

[0711] While the methods, compounds, and compositions described herein have been fully explained, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the same can be carried out within a broad and equivalent range of conditions, formulations, and other parameters without affecting the scope of the methods, compounds, and compositions provided herein or any embodiment thereof. All patents, patent applications, and publications cited herein are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

Claims

1. Compound (2), Compound (21), and Compound (25) 【Chemical 95】 or compounds selected from the group consisting of salts or solvates thereof.

2. The compound according to claim 1, which is compound (2).

3. The compound according to claim 1, which is compound (21).

4. The compound according to claim 1, which is compound (25).

5. A composition, (i) Compound (10): 【Chemistry 96】 or its salt or solvate, and (ii) comprising one or more molecules, or salts or solvates thereof, The one or more molecules described above 【Chemistry 97-1】 【Chemistry 97-2】 【Chemistry 97-3】 【Chemistry 97-4】 【Chemistry 97-5】 A composition selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof.

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (1) as a molecule.

7. The composition according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the composition comprises compound (2) as a molecule.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the composition comprises compound (3) as a molecule.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the composition comprises compound (4) as a molecule.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the composition comprises compound (5) as a molecule.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the composition comprises compound (6) as a molecule.

12. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 11, wherein the composition comprises compound (7) as a molecule.

13. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 12, wherein the composition comprises compound (8) as a molecule.

14. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 13, wherein the composition comprises compound (9) as a molecule.

15. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 14, wherein the composition comprises compound (11A) as a molecule.

16. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 15, wherein the composition comprises compound (11B) as a molecule.

17. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 16, wherein the composition comprises compound (12) as a molecule.

18. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 17, wherein the composition comprises compound (13) as a molecule.

19. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 18, wherein the composition comprises compound (14) as a molecule.

20. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 19, wherein the composition comprises compound (15) as a molecule.

21. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 20, wherein the composition comprises compound (16) as a molecule.

22. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 21, wherein the composition comprises compound (17) as a molecule.

23. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 22, wherein the composition comprises compound (18) as a molecule.

24. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 23, wherein the composition comprises compound (19) as a molecule.

25. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 24, wherein the composition comprises compound (20A) as a molecule.

26. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 25, wherein the composition comprises compound (20B) as a molecule.

27. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 26, wherein the composition comprises compound (21) as a molecule.

28. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 27, wherein the composition comprises compound (22) as a molecule.

29. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 28, wherein the composition comprises compound (23) as a molecule.

30. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 29, wherein the composition comprises compound (24) as a molecule.

31. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 30, wherein the composition comprises compound (25) as a molecule.

32. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 31, wherein the composition comprises compound (26) as a molecule.

33. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 32, wherein the composition comprises compound (27A) as a molecule.

34. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 33, wherein the composition comprises compound (27B) as a molecule.

35. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 34, wherein the composition comprises compound (28) as a molecule.

36. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 35, wherein the composition comprises compound (29) as a molecule.

37. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 36, wherein the composition comprises compound (30) as a molecule.

38. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 37, wherein the composition comprises compound (31) as a molecule.

39. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 38, wherein the composition comprises compound (32) as a molecule.

40. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 39, wherein the composition comprises compound (33) as a molecule.

41. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 40, wherein the composition comprises compound (34) as a molecule.

42. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 41, wherein the composition comprises compound (35) as a molecule.

43. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 42, wherein the composition comprises compound (36) as a molecule.

44. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 43, wherein the composition comprises compound (37) as a molecule.

45. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 44, wherein the composition comprises compound (38) as a molecule.

46. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 45, wherein the composition comprises compound (39) as a molecule.

47. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 46, wherein the composition comprises compound (40) as a molecule.

48. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 47, wherein the composition comprises compound (41) as a molecule.

49. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 48, wherein the composition comprises compound (42) as a molecule.

50. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 49, wherein the composition comprises compound (43) as a molecule.

51. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 50, wherein the composition comprises compound (44) as a molecule.

52. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 51, wherein the composition comprises compound (45) as a molecule.

53. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 52, wherein the composition comprises compound (46) as a molecule.

54. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 53, wherein the composition comprises compound (47) as a molecule.

55. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 54, wherein the composition comprises compound (48) as a molecule.

56. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 55, wherein the composition comprises compound (49) as a molecule.

57. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 56, wherein the composition comprises compound (50) as a molecule.

58. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (2) and compound (21) as molecules.

59. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (2) and compound (25) as molecules.

60. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (2) and compound (37) as molecules.

61. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (21) and compound (25) as molecules.

62. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (21) and compound (37) as molecules.

63. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (25) and compound (37) as molecules.

64. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (2), compound (21), and compound (25) as molecules.

65. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (2), compound (21), and compound (37) as molecules.

66. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (2), compound (25), and compound (37) as molecules.

67. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (21), compound (25), and compound (37) as molecules.

68. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises compound (2), compound (21), compound (25), and compound (37) as molecules.

69. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 68, comprising about 50% to about 99% of the compound (10) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

70. The composition according to claim 69, comprising about 89% to about 99% of the compound (10) as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis.

71. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 70, comprising, as measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, one or more molecules in an amount of about 0.000001% to about 10%.

72. The composition according to claim 71, which, when measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, contains any one or more molecules in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5%.

73. The composition according to claim 72, which, when measured by HPLC and / or GC analysis, contains any one or more molecules in an amount of about 0.001% to about 3%.

74. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 70, wherein the weight ratio of any one or more molecules to compound (10) is 0.000001 to 0.

1.

75. The compound according to any one of claims 2 to 4, and (i) One or more elastomers, (ii) One or more fillers, (iii) One or more rubber chemicals, (iv) One or more plasticizers, (v) One or more second degradation inhibitors, (vi) A composition comprising a combination of one or more elastomers, one or more fillers, one or more rubber chemicals, one or more plasticizers, and / or one or more second degradation inhibitors.

76. The composition according to any one of claims 5 to 74, and (i) One or more elastomers, (ii) One or more fillers, (iii) One or more rubber chemicals, (iv) One or more plasticizers, (v) One or more second degradation inhibitors, (vi) A composition comprising a combination of one or more elastomers, one or more fillers, one or more rubber chemicals, one or more plasticizers, and / or one or more second degradation inhibitors.

77. A vulcanized elastomer article comprising the composition according to claim 75 or 76.

78. A vehicle comprising the vulcanized elastomer article described in claim 77.

79. A kit comprising the composition according to claim 77 or 78, and instructions for preparing a vulcanized elastomer article using the composition.

80. A process for preparing a composition according to any one of claims 5 to 74, the process comprising reacting a composition comprising 4-aminodiphenylamine with acetone, 2,2-dimethoxypropane, diacetone alcohol, or mesityl oxide in the presence of a catalyst.

81. The process according to claim 80, wherein the catalyst is a homogeneous catalyst.

82. The process according to claim 81, wherein the homogeneous catalyst is a Lewis acid, a Brønsted acid, a base, a halogen, a halogen donor, or a combination thereof.

83. The process according to claim 81, wherein the homogeneous catalyst is selected from the group consisting of iodine, pyridinium perbromide, bromine, bismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, zinc(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate, hydrobromic acid, magnesium(II) bromide, aluminum(III) chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, N-bromosuccinimide, copper(II) bromide, copper(II) chloride, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, boron trifluoride diethyl ether compound, boron trifluoride dihydrate, hydrochloric acid, copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate, iron(III) chloride, magnesium(II) chloride, copper(I) iodide, and zinc(II) chloride, or salts or solvates thereof.

84. The process according to claim 83, wherein the homogeneous catalyst is selected from the group consisting of pyridinium perbromide, magnesium(II) bromide, magnesium(II) bromide hexahydrate, and aluminum(III) chloride.

85. The process according to claim 80, wherein the catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst.

86. The process according to claim 85, wherein the heterogeneous catalyst is an acid-treated resin, a solid-supported acid, a composite catalyst, a solid acid, or a base catalyst.

87. The process according to claim 86, wherein the acid-treated resin is a polyfluorinated sulfonic acid resin, a strongly acidic sulfonic acid exchange resin (Amberlyst 15), a macroporous strongly acidic ion exchange resin, a strongly acidic ion exchange resin, a solid acidic ion exchange resin (NRW150), a sieved strongly acidic ion exchange resin, or a strongly acidic ion exchange resin (A2 type acidic resin).

88. The solid-supported acid is an organic protonic acid supported by a micro-meso-macroporous zeolite catalyst H-Y-MMM, a strongly acidic molecular sieve H-MCM-22, graphene oxide, or zeolite. ２ O ３ Supported on top, Zn ２＋ Sn ２＋ , and Cu ２＋ Exchanged tungsten phosphate (TPA), Tonsyl activated clay (acid-treated bentonite clay), alumina, titania, zirconia, niobium, silica-alumina, sulfated zirconia, tungstenized zirconia, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) / ZnCl ２ , or WO ３ / Activated carbon / SO ３ The process according to claim 86, wherein H.

89. The composite catalyst is a titanium oxide composite oxide catalyst doped with zirconium, H ２ SO ４ -MoO ３ -TiO ２ The process according to claim 86, which is a solid superacid or p-toluenesulfonic acid / iodine.

90. The process according to claim 86, wherein the solid acid is a heteropoly acid or a metal-organic skeleton.

91. The aforementioned base catalyst is ZrO ２ The process according to claim 86, wherein the result is MgO.

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