Structural members, components, and walls for building construction, especially for framed houses.

Abstract

[Solution] The present invention relates to the field of construction, and more specifically to a structural member used in concrete frame technology in the construction of framed houses without the use of cranes. The subject of the present invention is a structural member (1) having the form of a column for building structures, in particular for framed walls of a building, the structural member (1) includes a shaft (2) in the form of a vertical support beam having a bottom contact surface (2b) on its lower side, and a head (3). The head (3) has at least two protrusions (6) on its upper surface (3b), the protrusions (6) having an upper contact surface (6a) above them, and the upper contact surface (6a) is substantially located on the edge (3c) of the head (3), and the head (3) further has at least two grooves (5), the grooves (5) having a bottom contact surface (5a) at their lower part and substantially located in the center of the upper surface (3b) of the head. Furthermore, the shape of each of the protrusions (6) corresponds to the shape of each of the grooves (5). The present invention also includes a configuration for constructing a wall including the structural member (1). The present invention also relates to a wall of a building constructed using the structural member (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of construction, and more particularly to structural members used in framed houses constructed from prefabricated (ready-made) structural members, systems including these structural members, and walls formed from these structural members.

Background Art

[0002] Framed houses are well-known in the prior art. The framing technique means a method of constructing walls. In this construction technique, first, a building's load-bearing framework is formed, and then it is filled with other building materials such as bricks and insulation materials to create a solid wall (not just the framework).

[0003] An advantageous feature of framed houses is that very high heat insulation performance of the walls can be achieved, because the space of the framework can be mainly or exclusively filled with insulation materials. In a masonry structure building with a solid load-bearing wall, the insulation material can only be arranged on the outside or inside of the wall.

[0004] In framed structure construction technology, the framework is often formed by assembling small prefabricated structural members at the construction site. Thus, wooden or metal-framed buildings are constructed.

[0005] The framework can also be formed as a monolithic concrete framework. In this technology, the framework is cast in place with concrete using formwork and steel bars. Such a construction method is not a substantial alternative compared to wooden or metal framing methods. This is because the distance between the structural members of a monolithic concrete framework is large, and in fact, such a framework cannot be filled only with insulation materials.

[0006] Wooden framing technology Wood-frame construction is the most common and well-known type of building. Wood-frame walls are mainly composed of wooden vertical and horizontal beams. Vertical beams are slender and long, at least the length of one floor of the building (approximately 3m to 4m), and their cross-section is relatively small (50mm to 150mm in single-family homes). The main role of vertical beams is to transmit vertical loads. Horizontal beams can be long or short (40cm to 60cm), and the main role of horizontal beams, such as short beams and connecting members, is to connect vertical beams to each other and stiffen the structure. Specially prepared timber is used to manufacture the frame members. The rigidity of wood-frame structures is further ensured by attaching sheathing materials in the form of boards, such as OSB (oriented strand board) or gypsum board, to the frame. Wall structures prepared in this way are usually filled with insulating material such as mineral wool. Walls constructed using this technique have many other layers, such as windproof insulation layers, moisture-proof insulation layers, additional exterior insulation materials, and lattices for attaching facades. Many variations are known to exist in the construction of timber-framed houses. These include Canadian, Scandinavian, and German construction methods. Although there are differences in construction methods and wall layer arrangements, the general structural principles are similar in these construction systems.

[0007] The main advantages of timber frame construction are as follows: • Lightweight construction mass, • Dry construction method, • Excellent insulation performance of the walls.

[0008] The disadvantages of timber frame construction are as follows: • Flammable structure, • Vulnerability of the framework to moisture and biological hazards (the framework may be exposed to insects, fungi, etc.) • Relatively low durability (up to about 100 years) • High construction burden (walls consist of many components and many layers) While access to high-quality timber is necessary, it is limited in many parts of the world. • Insufficient airtightness in the walls.

[0009] One of the major drawbacks of timber frame construction is that wood is susceptible to moisture, necessitating protection of the wooden frame from humidity. This requires the use of multi-layered walls and the use of more expensive insulating materials, such as mineral wool, as alternatives to cheaper Styrofoam®. Furthermore, achieving sufficient airtightness in walls, as required for energy efficiency and passive housing, is extremely difficult with timber frame construction. Uncontrolled air leakage from within the building leads to energy loss and increases energy consumption for heating and cooling.

[0010] Metal frame technology Metal frame construction is very similar to wood frame construction, but differs in that the building material is corrosion-resistant steel instead of wood. Metal frame construction overcomes some of the disadvantages of wood frame construction, such as flammability. However, a major disadvantage is the concern of corrosion of the metal structure, especially at joints where proper rust prevention is difficult. Also, metal structures are generally more expensive than wooden structures. For these reasons, metal frame construction is used less frequently than wood frame construction.

[0011] Monolithic concrete frame construction technology In this technology, the building's framework is formed from cast-in-place concrete columns and steel-reinforced floors. The advantage of this technology is its high structural strength. On the other hand, the disadvantages include the following: • Very large construction mass, • The need for large-scale use of reinforcing steel materials, • The necessity of formwork during construction, • Complex construction processes requiring heavy machinery (e.g., concrete pumps, and often cranes), • The need for curing by watering after concrete placement (especially in hot climates, a large amount of water is required, which presents a challenge). • Due to the large distances between structural members of the framework, it is necessary to fill the framework with bricks or other building materials.

[0012] Despite these numerous drawbacks, this technology is widely used, particularly in countries in Southern Europe where structural timber is difficult to obtain. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0013] [Patent Document 1] French Patent Application Publication No. 961163 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0014] For example, as is common with wooden frame construction techniques, a method has yet to be developed for constructing framed houses using concrete members that can be assembled manually into a structural frame on the construction site without the use of cranes.

[0015] Therefore, in terms of construction process and wall performance, concrete frame construction technology that can replace timber frame technology has not yet been established due to the following technical challenges: • Because concrete is relatively brittle, reinforcing materials (steel) and a minimum thickness are required to achieve sufficient rigidity. Concrete is extremely heavy (approximately 2.3 tons per cubic meter), and reinforcing it with steel bars would further increase its mass. • With concrete members, joining them together is difficult when the contact area is small (especially in framed construction, where the contact area is small relative to the dimensions, particularly the length, of the member).

[0016] Due to these challenges, a method for constructing concrete-framed houses from prefabricated concrete members has not been established (as an alternative to timber frame construction). Long vertical beams made of concrete instead of wood have greater thickness and mass compared to wooden beams. They cannot be moved without a crane. Because the contact surface between structural members in frame construction is small, connecting such beams to other frame members is extremely difficult.

[0017] French Patent Application Publication No. 961163 discloses a column-shaped structural member for constructing a framed wall of a building. The structural member includes a shaft in the form of a vertical support beam, the shaft having a bottom contact surface below it and a head connected to the top of the shaft above it. The head extends substantially horizontally in at least two opposite directions orthogonal to the Z-axis of the shaft and symmetric with respect to the shaft, forming at least two lateral arms, and further includes a head upper surface above the head.

[0018] The object of the present invention is to enable the rapid construction of a structural wall of a building, which can have high heat insulation performance required in the construction of energy-saving buildings and passive buildings, at a low cost.

[0019] The object of the present invention is to enable the rapid assembly of a framed wall from prefabricated members by one person without the need for a crane.

[0020] The object of the present invention is to develop a construction method that eliminates the disadvantages of wooden framing technology and imparts desirable additional performance characteristics to the structural wall. The present invention enables the construction of a wall with lower cost and better heat retention compared to the walls used in existing wooden framing technology.

[0021] The object of the present invention is to provide a structural member and wall structure technology that enables the easy and rapid construction of a framed wall including a structural wall from prefabricated structural members and insulation members by one person without the need for a crane.

[0022] The gist of the present invention lies in solving the problem of efficiently and rapidly joining precast concrete members, for example, lightweight (maximum 30 kg) and small-sized precast concrete members, to construct a framed structure based on such members.

[0023] This invention makes it possible to easily and quickly impart insulating properties to a wall frame, or to impart other desired functional properties to the wall frame, by using insulating bricks specifically designed for wall framing. Furthermore, according to this invention, it becomes easy to impart different functional properties to each part of the wall, thereby facilitating the construction of intelligent buildings.

[0024] This invention makes it possible to construct framed wall structures at low cost in various parts of the world, including regions where timber frame construction technology cannot be used due to a shortage of wood.

[0025] A column-shaped structural member 1 for constructing a building's frame wall, wherein the structural member 1 is A shaft 2 having the shape of a vertical support beam, the shaft 2 having a bottom contact surface 2b on its lower side, • A head 3 connected to the upper part of the shaft 2, which extends substantially horizontally in at least two opposite directions perpendicular to the Z-axis of the shaft 2 and symmetrically with respect to the shaft 2, forming at least two lateral arms 4, and above the head 3 including the head upper surface 3b, Includes, On the upper surface 3b of the head, the head 3 It has at least two protrusions 6, which have an upper contact surface 6a above them and are substantially positioned on the edge 3c of the head 3; and It has at least two grooves 5, which have a bottom contact surface 5a below them and are substantially located in the center of the head upper surface 3b. The shape of each protrusion 6 corresponds to the shape of each groove 5.

[0026] Advantageously, the protrusion 6 has a right-angled triangular cross-sectional shape, and one of the right-angled side surfaces 6b of the protrusion 6 is perpendicular to the upper surface 3b of the head 3.

[0027] Advantageously, the upper contact surface 6a is horizontal, i.e., forms an angle of 30° with respect to the head upper surface 3b, and / or the lower surface contact surface 5a forms an angle of 30° with respect to the head upper surface 3b, and the head 3 has a lower surface 3a, which forms an obtuse angle, preferably 120°, with respect to the Z axis of the shaft 2.

[0028] Advantageously, at least two grooves 5 are connected to each other to form a single double groove.

[0029] Advantageously, the thickness of the protrusion 6 is substantially equal to the thickness calculated according to the following formula:

number

[0030] Advantageously, the two protrusions 6 either extend beyond the edge of the head 3, do not extend beyond the edge of the head 3, or do not contact it.

[0031] Advantageously, the shaft 2 is substantially rectangular, cubic, or cylindrical in shape, and more preferably the shaft 2 has a hole 7 suitable for arranging a member therein, and / or the side surface 2a of the shaft 2, together with the lower surface 3a of the head 3, forms an arc.

[0032] Advantageously, structural member 1 has dimensions of a maximum width of 40 cm, a maximum height of 40 cm, and a maximum thickness of 20 cm. Advantageously, the maximum weight of structural member 1 is 30 kg, and structural member 1 is made of concrete, gypsum, ceramic, polymer, or composite material.

[0033] Advantageously, two structural members 1 are connected by a bottom contact surface 2b, forming a columnar member having two heads, which is advantageously arch-like in shape.

[0034] Advantageously, it comprises more than two protrusions and more than two grooves, thereby allowing structural members to be repeatedly positioned in any direction.

[0035] The present invention further relates to a configuration for constructing a wall frame of a framed house, comprising at least two structural members 1, wherein the at least two structural members 1 are configured to be aligned vertically and horizontally. Advantageously, the configuration further includes structural or insulating parts in the form of insulating bricks 8, configured to be inserted into the hollow spaces between the structural members 1, which are advantageously substantially hexagonal, regular hexagonal, circular, or elliptical, and which are advantageously formed from an insulating material, such as Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene).

[0036] The present invention also encompasses a framed wall for a house, the framed wall comprising at least two structural members 1, the at least two structural members 1 being connected to each other horizontally by right-angled side surfaces 6b of protrusions 6, and vertically connected to each other by a head upper surface 3b and a lower contact surface 5a connected to an upper contact surface 6a.

[0037] Advantageously, it includes a structural member 1, which is positioned between the starting member 12 and the ending member 13, and / or between the system lintel 9, the side members 10, and the vertical beams 11.

[0038] Advantageously, the joints of structural member 1 are reinforced by adhesive members, reinforcing members, and / or assembly members.

[0039] Advantageously, it further includes a structural or insulating portion in the form of an insulating brick 8, which is advantageously configured as a finishing exterior wall facade member of a building. [Effects of the Invention]

[0040] 1. The object of the present invention is to enable the rapid and efficient construction of a building framework structure composed of prefabricated members (preferably made of concrete) without the use of additional supports, formwork, or cranes. Construction of the structure according to the present invention can be carried out by one person.

[0041] 2. The method of the present invention enables the rapid and easy joining of system members to create a larger, more rigid and stable structure. Additional horizontal and vertical reinforcing members can be added as needed, thereby further enhancing the strength of the resulting frame.

[0042] 3. In this invention, it is possible to quickly and easily impart insulating properties to the resulting structure using this technology, thereby forming an airtight wall with an extremely low heat transfer coefficient. Such walls are essential for the construction of energy-saving and passive buildings.

[0043] 4. Because this invention is a self-supporting frame structure, it makes it possible to easily build walls from bottom to top by sequentially stacking frames. With the construction method of this invention, there is no need to align structural beams and corners vertically as in wooden frame construction techniques, and the frame can be assembled by one person.

[0044] 5. The shape of the structural members in the system of the present invention is suitable for members that self-fix and frame each other through the action of gravity, thereby reducing the risk of errors during construction.

[0045] 6. Because the structural elements according to the present invention interlock with each other, there is no need to cut them on site. As a result, time and labor can be saved, and waste can be minimized.

[0046] 7. The frame structure formed by the present invention has a regular and repeatable shape. It is composed of openings of the same size throughout the entire wall. By dividing the wall with small, regular spaces in this way, the size of the insulating material (or other building material) to be filled into the frame can be standardized, thereby allowing for easy and rapid filling of the frame.

[0047] 8. Because the voids in the framework are arranged in a repeating pattern, it is easy to impart different performance characteristics to different parts of the wall. For example, moisture-resistant insulating bricks can be filled in the parts closer to the ground, and a moisture-permeable insulating material can be filled in the upper parts.

[0048] 9. The framework structure formed by the present invention (preferably composed of concrete members) is characterized by higher durability compared to other alternative construction methods, such as wooden or metal frame walls. Concrete is non-combustible, corrosion-resistant, unaffected by biological degradation factors, and has higher durability than wood or steel.

[0049] 10. Using concrete as a prefabricated component for structural framing reduces construction costs. This is because concrete is a cheaper raw material than steel or wood, and is available worldwide.

[0050] 11. The present invention makes it possible to use concrete members in structural frameworks and solves the technical problem of joining smaller concrete members to form a larger framework. The contact (adhesion) area of ​​the structural members of the subject of the present invention is comparable to the adhesion area of ​​bricks in masonry buildings, despite the fact that the resulting product is a framework structure. This is due to the proper design of the bonding method and the appropriate shape of the framework members. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0051] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the structural member. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a perspective view of the structural member inverted. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a structural member having reinforcing holes. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a diagram showing the arrangement of structural members in a horizontal direction. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows a configuration in which structural members are arranged horizontally next to each other, and then further arranged vertically. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a layout diagram showing the structural members arranged horizontally and vertically. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows a wall formed from structural members. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows a wall formed from a structural member according to the second embodiment. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a structural member. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the forces acting on the wall. [Figure 11] Figure 11 shows a wall formed from a structural member, with a circular void opening. [Figure 12] Figure 12 shows a wall frame with an opening for a door. [Figure 13] Figure 13 shows insulating bricks. [Figure 14] Figure 14 shows a view from the outside of the building of a wall frame partially filled with insulating bricks. [Figure 15] Figure 15 shows a view from inside the building of a wall frame partially filled with insulating bricks. [Figure 16] Figure 16 shows a comparison of contact surfaces at convex portions with different angles. [Figure 17] Figure 17 shows a comparison of contact surfaces in various conventional building materials. [Figure 18] Figure 18 is a perspective view of the starting or ending member. [Figure 19] Figure 19 is a perspective view of the starting or ending member from below. [Figure 20] Figure 20 is a perspective view of the side member. [Figure 21] Figure 21 is a perspective view of a vertical beam. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0052] The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings and their reference numerals. The present invention as described herein relates in particular to a structural member 1 shown in Figure 1, which is used to erect a frame structure made of prefabricated members (preferably made of concrete) without the use of additional supports or formwork and without the need for cranes. In particular, the present invention, as shown in Figure 10, employs a design that utilizes the principles of physics (architecture) of transmitting forces in a building (structure) through building (structural) columns and arches, thereby enabling the easy connection of small structural members 1 to form a larger, rigid and stable structure, i.e., a wall. The contact surfaces (joint forces) of the structural members 1 are comparable to those in masonry buildings, thereby imparting high rigidity to the frame. This is because each structural member 1 transmits forces from its own Z-axis to the Z-axis of the other two structural members 1, and at the same time receives forces from the Z-axis of the other two structural members 1 via grooves 5 on its own Z-axis. This reciprocal transmission of forces is made possible by the large contact surfaces of the members, and at the same time ensures that each member is firmly and stably connected.

[0053] An embodiment of the present invention is a structural member 1 in the form of a column, which is intended for the construction of framed walls of a building. The structural member 1 in the form of a column includes a shaft 2 and a head 3.

[0054] The components constituting the subject of the present invention are shown in Figures 1 to 5. The shaft 2 has the form of an extended vertical beam and has a bottom contact surface 2b on its free side below. In this embodiment, the shaft 2 is substantially rectangular, but in other embodiments it may be substantially cubic or cylindrical. The shaft 2 has a Z-axis as shown in Figure 1, and the Z-axis indicates the center of symmetry of the shaft 2.

[0055] The shaft 2 can change its height, but even including the height of the head 3, it does not exceed the overall width of the structural member 1. This is because the structural member 1 needs to be stable when assembling the structure. In this embodiment, the overall width should be understood as the maximum dimension of the entire structural member 1 in the direction perpendicular to the Z-axis.

[0056] Head 3 is permanently connected to the upper part of shaft 2, forming an integrated rigid unit, or column, with it.

[0057] Head 3 is substantially horizontal (i.e., substantially perpendicular to the Z-axis) and extends symmetrically with respect to shaft 2 in at least two opposing directions, forming two side arms. These arms are inscribed within the configuration of a tensile-reinforced structural (architectural) arch (Figure 10). Of the structural members shown in Figure 1, the two protrusions 6 and groove 5 are inscribed within the (architectural) arch. The arch is tensile-reinforced by the upper part 3b of the head, and the head upper surface 3b constitutes substantially the sole horizontal element of the head structure. Head 3 (advantageously including the protrusions, grooves, upper surface 3b and surface 3a), together with the head upper surface 3b, provides stabilization in addition to tensile reinforcement of the arch, facilitating the stacking of structural members 1 on top of each other. Furthermore, the head upper surface 3b can also function as a base for installing reinforcing materials (reinforcement bars) to further horizontally reinforce the wall, if necessary.

[0058] Head 3 has at least two protrusions 6 on its upper surface 3b, the at least two of which are symmetrically arranged on arms facing opposite directions relative to head 3 and located at the ends of those arms. The protrusions 6 are the ends of the structural arch crowning head 3 (Figure 10) and are the uppermost vertical portion of head 3. The protrusions 6 transmit force from the Z-axis of structural member 1 in the framework to the Z-axis of two adjacent structural members 1, which are arranged as another layer of the framework. The protrusions 6 have an upper contact surface 6a. The protrusions 6 are located on the edge 3c of head 3, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 (and they also enter into the cross-sectional portion of the structural arch shown in Figure 10 and engage with the groove 5).

[0059] Furthermore, a groove 5 is provided on the upper part of the head, and this groove 5 has a lower contact surface 5a at its bottom. The groove 5 is located symmetrically (centrally) with respect to the shaft 2 and is positioned between the protrusions 6 on the upper surface 3b of the head 3. In this embodiment, there are at least two grooves 5 on the upper surface 3b of the head. The shapes of the two protrusions 6 correspond to the shapes of the same number of grooves 5, and each protrusion 6 fills each groove 5. The grooves 6 may be separated from each other (not shown).

[0060] Advantageously, the groove 5 is integrated into a double groove consisting of two grooves 5. The advantage of integrating the groove 5 into a single double groove is that when incorporated therein, the convex portions 6 of adjacent structural members 1 come into contact at their right-angled side surfaces 6b, allowing them to transmit loads to each other. The groove 5 transmits force from the Z-axis of the structural member 1 to the end of the structural arch of the subsequent structural member 1, i.e., the convex portion 6. As shown in Figure 9, the upper contact surface 6a of the convex portion 6 corresponds to the lower contact surface 5a of the groove 5.

[0061] In this embodiment, the protrusion 6 has the shape of a right triangle. Those skilled in the art who have referred to this specification will understand, by their knowledge, that it is also possible to use protrusions 6 of other shapes, such as rectangular, square, or semicircular shapes. The right triangle shape is optimal. The important thing is that the protrusion 6, including the groove 5, fits into the cross section of the structural arch (Figure 10). In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, one of each right-angled side surface 6b is vertical, perpendicular to the head top surface 3b, and aligned in the direction defined by the Z-axis. This allows the frame members to be easily aligned when positioning the right-angled side surfaces 6b, as shown in Figure 4.

[0062] In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the upper contact surface 6a of the protrusion 6 forms an angle of 30° with respect to the head top surface 3b, that is, a horizontal plane perpendicular to the Z-axis. This angle is shown in Figure 9. This horizontal plane is defined by the head top surface 3b, is perpendicular to the Z-axis, and is defined as a plane perpendicular to the direction of gravity on or near the surface of a celestial body. This inclination angle minimizes the mass of the structural member 1 and ensures the optimal stability of the structural member 1 when stacking each structural member 1 in succession. The inclination angle of the upper contact surface 6a being 30° with respect to the horizontal plane perpendicular to the Z-axis achieves optimal stability and rigidity of the structure. This is because, in this arrangement, the ratio of the contact area of ​​the structural member 1 to its total area (mass) is maximized. Therefore, this structure is the strongest. For inclination angles other than 30°, the ratio of the contact area of ​​the structural member 1 to its total area (mass) deteriorates (both smaller and larger). Therefore, if the inclination angle is greater than 30°, structural member 1 will elongate vertically, which will lead to a decrease in the stability and an increase in the weight of the structure. Alternatively, if the inclination angle is greater than 30° while keeping the height of structural member 1 the same, the mass of the structure will increase. In either case, the ratio of the contact area of ​​structural member 1 to its total mass will decrease.

[0063] The comparison of contact surfaces (other than vertical) with respect to the difference in inclination angle of the protrusion 6 of structural member 1 is shown in the table in Figure 16. Since the vertical plane does not transmit force due to gravity, the vertical plane is not considered in these calculations. At an angle of 30°, structural member 1 has the minimum mass and maximum contact area. At larger angles of 45°, performance is unfavorable. Even at smaller angles of 0°, the parameters decrease. At an angle of 0°, the protrusion 6 and groove 5 completely disappear, resulting in instability when stacking the structural member 1. A contact surface is a surface (other than vertical) of structural member 1 that contacts the surface of a subsequent structural member 1 placed on top of it. The front view is the surface visible when viewing structural member 1 placed within a frame from its front. The front view does not include the surface of the protrusion because it is not visible when the protrusion is incorporated into the frame.

[0064] The table in Figure 17 shows a comparison of the contact area of ​​different conventional building materials. Double structural member 1 (two-by (2x) structural member 1) has a very large ratio of contact area to frontal area. Double structural member 1 is the only one that is inferior to conventional flat brick, which has the best ratio among all building materials due to being the flattest. Furthermore, structural member 1 is the only one on the list that has grooves 5 and protrusions 6. The other building materials analyzed have flat surfaces. The table shows that the structure of structural member 1 effectively solves the technical problem of low contact between structural members that occurs in frame structures.

[0065] In the optimal embodiment, the lower contact surface 5a of the groove 5 forms a 30° angle with the upper surface 3b of the head, which is a horizontal plane. By maintaining the same angle between the groove 5 and the protrusion 6, when assembling the structural member 1, the protrusion 6 fits properly into the groove 5 and completely fills the groove 5, resulting in a stronger structure as shown in Figure 5. Figures 1 and 2 show embodiments in which the protrusion 6 completely fills the groove 5.

[0066] The optimal thickness of the protrusion 6 is shown in Figure 9 as reference numeral G. The optimal thickness of the protrusion is calculated by the following formula:

number

[0067] In reality, the thickness of the protrusion may deviate from the calculated result.

[0068] The optimal thickness of the protrusion 6 is such that it completely fills the groove 5.

[0069] The optimal thickness of the protrusion 6 depends on the overall width of the structural member 1 and the inclination angle of the upper contact surface 6a of the shaft 2 with respect to the Z-axis. The greater the overall width of the structural member 1, the greater the thickness of the protrusion 6. The thickness of the protrusion 6 is independent of the thickness of the shaft 2. The shaft 2 may have a smaller or larger thickness while the thickness of the protrusion 6 is the same.

[0070] In the embodiment of Figure 2, the head 3 has a lower surface 3a that is symmetrical (i.e., symmetrically positioned) with respect to the shaft 2, forming an obtuse angle with the Z-axis of the shaft 2, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. In the embodiments of Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, the obtuse angle is 120°. Furthermore, in the embodiment of Figure 11, the lower surface 3a of the head 3 forms an arc with the side surface 2a of the shaft 2. Such a structure is more robust while having a greater mass than the structure with a 120° obtuse angle. The structure with an obtuse angle is optimal when considering the ratio of contact surface to mass in the structural member 1.

[0071] Figure 3 shows an example in which the bottom contact surface 2b has a hole 7 adapted to accommodate a member therein. This member is a reinforcing bar, which can join two structural members 1 together and can also be used as an additional reinforcing material to vertically reinforce the frame.

[0072] All parts of structural member 1 may be formed from the same material, or they may be formed from a combination of different materials into a single unit. In each embodiment, if the same material is used, it may be concrete (including reinforced concrete), ceramic, polymer, or composite material. Currently, concrete is the lowest-cost and most inexpensive material.

[0073] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the structural member 1 are advantageously 40 cm wide, 37 cm high, and 15 cm thick. The height does not significantly exceed the width so that the structural member 1 can be stabilized during lamination. The thickness must be proportional to the width of the member and ensure stability during lamination. In this advantageous example, the total mass of the concrete structural member 1 is less than 15 kg. This mass allows the structural member 1 to be transported without the use of cranes or other auxiliary machinery.

[0074] In another advantageous embodiment partially shown in Figure 8, the structural member 1 is constructed by connecting two structural members 1 to each other at their bottom contact surfaces 2b to form a single unit, creating a column-shaped structural member 1 with two heads (Figure 10). This shape of structural member 1 is optimal in terms of speed and simplicity of construction of the structural frame.

[0075] This application discloses a configuration for constructing a framed wall of a framed house using structural members 1. This configuration includes at least two interconnected structural members 1, which are stacked vertically and horizontally as shown in Figures 4 to 8.

[0076] The structural members 1 are connected to each other via contact surfaces in a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis, i.e., horizontally. These contact surfaces consist of the lower contact surface 5a of the groove portion 5, the upper contact surface 6a of the protrusion portion 6, and the upper surface 3b of the head.

[0077] In structural members 1 arranged adjacent to each other horizontally, their vertical surfaces 6b are bonded to each other and support one another.

[0078] The structural members 1 are connected to each other by their upper head surfaces 3b, and the lower contact surface 5a of the groove 5 and the upper contact surface 6a of the protrusion 6 are in contact and connected to each other. The vertical contact surfaces of the members are the right-angle arm surface 6b of the protrusion 6, the side surface 6c of the protrusion, and the side surface 5b of the groove 5.

[0079] The stacked structural members 1 press against and are pressed against by the structural members 1 below them. One structural member 1 is positioned on top of two structural members 1 that are horizontally adjacent to each other. This position allows the protrusions 6 to be properly aligned in the grooves 5 and to press the two horizontally adjacent structural members 1 together. A stable structure is formed with good interlocking in all directions. In this preferred embodiment, the members adhere to each other without the use of adhesives or mortar.

[0080] As shown in Figure 10, the stacked structural members 1 transmit a force perpendicular to the Z-axis of one structural member 1 from the Z-axis of one structural member 1 to the Z-axis of two other structural members 1.

[0081] In the illustrated embodiment, the structural member 1 connected to the wall forms a cavity between the side surface 2a of the shaft 2 and the lower surface 3a of the head 3, both having a substantially hexagonal, regular hexagonal, circular, or elliptical shape, which can be seen in Figures 6-8 and 10-11. Another embodiment includes a structural or insulating portion configured to be placed in the gaps of the structural frame formed by the arrangement of structural members 1. In another embodiment, the structural or insulating portion of the wall is an insulating brick 8 made of an insulating material, such as Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene) (see Figure 13).

[0082] Figure 12 shows a wall that is the subject of the present invention, using structural member 1. In addition to the configuration of structural member 1 described above, the wall includes a starting member 12 and an ending member 13. The starting member 12 and the ending member 13 include several features of structural member 1, at least a groove 5 and a protrusion 6. In this embodiment, the starting member 12 and the ending member 13 have the same geometric shape, which can be referenced in Figures 18 and 19. In other embodiments, the wall includes a system lintel 9, side members 10, and vertical beams 11. Figure 20 shows an embodiment of the side member 10, and Figure 21 shows an embodiment of the vertical beams 11. Figure 14 shows a diagram of the exterior wall of a building, filled with insulating bricks 8.

[0083] Some openings can be left open for ventilation of the building. The exterior walls can be covered with thin facade plaster, or they can be finished insulating bricks 8 that also serve as the facade.

[0084] Figure 15 shows the interior wall. The interior wall can be finished in any way, for example, by applying plaster over a lath base (grid) or by using gypsum board. Additional insulation or soundproofing layers can also be applied to the wall.

[0085] Another important feature of this wall assembly technology is that the structural framework has a regular and repeating shape, and the insulating bricks 8 used to fill this space can also be the same dimensions as the shape of the space. This speeds up the process of providing insulation to the building and eliminates waste. Furthermore, the insulating bricks 8 can have different insulation and moisture permeability parameters. If necessary, insulation can be provided to the same wall using insulating bricks 8 made of different materials. For example, moisture-resistant insulating bricks 8 can be used to provide insulation near the ground of the wall, while moisture-permeable bricks can be placed at the top of the wall. This is a superior characteristic of walls based on this structure that cannot be obtained with alternative wall structure systems, including framed wall structures.

Claims

1. A column-shaped structural member (1) for constructing a framed wall of a building, - A shaft (2) having the shape of a vertical support beam, and a shaft (2) having a bottom contact surface (2b) on the lower side, - A head (3) connected to the upper part of the shaft (2), which extends substantially horizontally in at least two opposite directions perpendicular to the Z-axis of the shaft (2) and symmetrically with respect to the shaft (2), forming at least two lateral arms (4), and above the head (3), including the head upper surface (3b), Includes, On the upper surface of the head (3b), the head (3) It has at least two protrusions (6), which have an upper contact surface (6a) above them and are substantially positioned on the edge (3c) of the head (3); and It has at least two grooves (5), which have a bottom contact surface (5a) below them and are substantially located in the center of the head top surface (3b), The shape of each of the aforementioned protrusions (6) corresponds to the shape of each of the aforementioned grooves (5), Structural member (1).

2. The structural member (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusion (6) has a right-angled triangular cross-sectional shape, and one of the right-angled side surfaces (6b) of the protrusion (6) is perpendicular to the head upper surface (3b).

3. The upper contact surface (6a) is horizontal, i.e., it forms an angle of 30° with respect to the upper surface (3b) of the head, and / or The bottom contact surface (5a) forms an angle of 30° with respect to the head upper surface (3b), and The head (3) has a lower surface (3a), and the lower surface (3a) forms an obtuse angle, preferably 120°, with respect to the Z-axis of the shaft (2). The structural member (1) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The structural member (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least two of the grooves (5) are connected to each other to form a double groove.

5. The structural member (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickness of the protrusion (6) is substantially equal to the thickness calculated according to the following formula: [Math 1] Here, x is the inclination angle of the upper contact surface (6a) with respect to the shaft (2), y is the overall width of the structural member (1), and G is the thickness of the protrusion (6).

6. The structural member (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the two protrusions (6) either extend beyond the edge of the head (3), do not extend beyond the edge of the head (3), or do not come into contact with them.

7. The shaft (2) is substantially rectangular, cubic, or cylindrical in shape. Advantageously, the shaft (2) has a hole (7) suitable for arranging a member therein, and / or The side surface (2a) of the shaft (2) forms an arc together with the lower surface (3a) of the head (3), A structural member (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The structural member (1) has dimensions of a maximum width of 40 cm, a maximum height of 40 cm, and a maximum thickness of 20 cm. The maximum mass of the structural member (1) is 30 kg, and The structural member (1) is characterized in that it is made of concrete, gypsum, ceramic, polymer, or composite material. A structural member (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The structural member (1) described in claim 1 is connected by the bottom contact surface (2b), and is characterized in that it forms a columnar member having two heads. A structural member (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A configuration for constructing wall frames in a framed house, It includes at least two structural members (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, configured to be aligned vertically and horizontally with respect to each other, Advantageously, the configuration further includes structural or insulating parts in the form of insulating bricks 8, which are preferably substantially hexagonal, regular hexagonal, circular, or elliptical in shape, and are configured to be inserted into the hollow spaces between the structural members (1), wherein the insulating bricks (8) are preferably made of an insulating material, such as Styrofoam (expanded polystyrene). Configuration for constructing wall frames in framed houses.

11. It is a framed wall of a house, The structural member (1) comprises at least two of the structural members (1) described in any one of claims 1 to 9, At least two of the structural members (1) are connected to each other horizontally by the right-angle arm side surface (6b) of the protrusion (6), and are connected to each other vertically by the head upper surface (3b) and the bottom contact surface (5a) which is connected to the upper contact surface (6a). A framed wall for a house.

12. The framed wall of a house according to claim 11, characterized in that the structural member (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is advantageously positioned between the starting member (12) and the ending member (13), and / or between the system lintel (9), the side member (10), and the vertical beam (11).

13. The framed wall of a house according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the joint of the structural member (1) is reinforced by an adhesive member, a reinforcing member, and / or an assembly member.

14. Further comprising a structural or insulating part in the form of an insulating brick (8), The insulating brick (8) is advantageously characterized in that it is configured as a finishing exterior wall facade member of the building. A framed wall for a house according to any one of claims 11 to 13.

Images