Battery pack

Abstract

According to an exemplary embodiment, a battery pack is provided. The battery pack includes a pack housing including a base plate, a battery cell assembly disposed on the pack housing and including a plurality of battery cells, a TIM (Thermal Interface Material) layer between the battery cell assembly and the pack housing, and tape between the TIM layer and the pack housing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery pack. This application claims the benefit of Korean Application No. 10-2023-0178456 filed on December 11, 2023 and Korean Application No. 10-2024-0146032 filed on October 23, 2024, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Background Art

[0002] Unlike primary batteries, secondary batteries can be charged and discharged multiple times. Secondary batteries are widely used as an energy source for various wireless devices such as handsets, notebook computers, and wireless vacuum cleaners. In recent years, due to improvements in energy density and economies of scale, the manufacturing cost per unit capacity of secondary batteries has been significantly reduced, and as the driving range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has increased to a level comparable to that of fuel vehicles, the main application of secondary batteries has shifted from mobile devices to mobility.

[0003] The trend in the technological development of secondary batteries for mobility is to improve energy density and safety. The safety of secondary batteries for mobility is extremely important because it directly relates to the lives of passengers. The safety of secondary batteries can be achieved by mechanical robustness, reliability of electrical insulation, and delay of heat transfer when a thermal runaway event occurs.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the technical idea of the present invention is to provide a battery pack that facilitates after-sales service.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, a battery pack is provided. The battery pack includes a pack housing including a base plate, a battery cell assembly disposed on the pack housing and including a plurality of battery cells, a TIM (Thermal Interface Material) layer between the battery cell assembly and the pack housing, and a tape between the TIM layer and the pack housing.

[0006] The pack housing includes a lower side wall protruding from the base plate, the height of which is less than the height of the battery cell assembly.

[0007] The lower side wall mentioned above includes an obliquely inclined surface on the mounting surface of the base plate.

[0008] The inclined surface described above faces the battery cell assembly described above.

[0009] The battery pack includes a lid plate that covers the battery cell assembly, and the lid plate includes an upper side wall that faces the lower side wall.

[0010] The height of the upper side wall is greater than the height of the lower side wall.

[0011] The battery pack includes a lid plate that covers the battery cell assembly, and the lid plate includes an upper side wall that faces the base plate.

[0012] The height of the upper side wall is greater than the height of the battery cell assembly.

[0013] The tape mentioned above covers the base plate.

[0014] The tape described above is in contact with the base plate and the TIM layer, respectively.

[0015] The above TIM layer is separated from the above base plate.

[0016] The above-described battery cell assembly includes a cell block containing a plurality of battery cells and crossbeams spaced apart from each other with the cell block in between.

[0017] The above crossbeam is symmetrical with respect to the above cell block.

[0018] Each of the above crossbeams includes a stepped structure. [Effects of the Invention]

[0019] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the battery pack includes a tape interposed between a Thermal Interface Material (TIM) layer and a base plate. By pulling the tape, the adhesive force of the TIM layer can be removed, allowing some of the battery cells to be separated and replaced when quality problems occur.

[0020] The effects that can be obtained from exemplary embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly derived and understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure belong from the following description. That is, unintended effects associated with carrying out exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can also be derived by a person of ordinary skill in the art from exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0021] [Figure 1] This is a plan view showing a battery pack according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a cross-sectional view along the cutting line 1I-1I' in Figure 1. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view along the cutting line 1II-1II' in Figure 1. [Figure 4] These are drawings illustrating a method according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5] It is a cross-sectional view for explaining a method according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6] It is a cross-sectional view for explaining a battery pack according to another exemplary embodiment. **[Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]**

[0022] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. On the premise that terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be construed as being limited to ordinary or dictionary meanings, they should be construed as meanings and concepts consistent with the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the terms in order to explain his own invention in the best way.

[0023] Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiment of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, there may be various equivalents and modifications that can replace them at the time of this application. [[ID=..]]

[0024] Also, in the description of the present invention, when it is determined that a specific description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0025] Embodiments of the present invention are provided to more fully explain the present invention to an ordinary technician. Therefore, the shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings may be exaggerated, omitted, or shown schematically for a clearer explanation. Therefore, the sizes and ratios of each component do not fully reflect the actual sizes and ratios.

[0026] (First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a battery pack 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0027] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the cutting line 1I-1I' of FIG. 1.

[0028] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along the cutting line 1II-1II' in Figure 1.

[0029] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the battery pack 100 may include a pack housing 110, multiple battery cell assemblies 120, a center beam 131, supporting beams 133 and 135, tape 141, a TIM (Thermal Interface Material) layer 143, a lid 150, a gasket 160, and bolts 170. The battery pack 100 may be a final product that is implemented in applications such as vehicles.

[0030] The pack housing 110 can provide space for the battery cell assembly 120 to be mounted. The pack housing 110 may include a base plate 111 and side walls 112, 113, 114, and 115.

[0031] Here, we define the two directions substantially parallel to the mounting surface 111M of the base plate 111 (i.e., the surface facing the battery cell assembly 120) as the X and Y directions, and the direction substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the base plate 111 as the Z direction. The X, Y, and Z directions may be substantially perpendicular to each other.

[0032] The base plate 111 and the side walls 112 and 113 can each be provided by an extrusion process. The extrusion direction of the base plate 111 and the side walls 112 and 113 can each be the X direction. The side walls 114 and 115 can also be provided by an extrusion process.

[0033] According to exemplary embodiments, the base plate 111 and the side walls 112, 113 may be joined by friction stir welding. The base plate 111 may include multiple plates joined by friction stir welding.

[0034] The base plate 111 may include a plurality of cooling channels CH. The plurality of cooling channels CH can provide passages for the movement of a coolant, such as water. The plurality of cooling channels CH may be formed by an extrusion process. The plurality of cooling channels CH may extend in the X direction. The plurality of cooling channels CH may be spaced apart in the Y direction. Figure 3 shows a plurality of cooling channels CH having a circular cross-section, but this is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the technical idea of ​​the present invention in any way. Each of the plurality of cooling channels may have a variety of shapes, such as rectangular or elliptical.

[0035] Multiple battery cell assemblies 120 can be arranged on a base plate 111 of the pack housing 110. The base plate 111 can support the multiple battery cell assemblies 120. Side walls 112, 113, 114, and 115 can horizontally enclose the multiple battery cell assemblies 120. The side walls 112, 113, 114, and 115 can protect the multiple battery cell assemblies 120.

[0036] In one example, the battery pack 100 is of a moduleless type, and each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 does not necessarily have to include a module frame. In another example, the battery pack 100 may be of a module type, and each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 may include a module frame.

[0037] Multiple battery cell assemblies 120 may be arranged on a base plate 111. Each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 may include a cell block 121 and a crossbeam 125.

[0038] The cell block 121 may contain multiple battery cells. The multiple battery cells of the cell block 121 may constitute multiple banks. Each of the multiple banks may contain one or more parallel-connected battery cells. The multiple banks may be connected in series with each other. The number of series-connected banks and the number of parallel-connected battery cells may be determined depending on the magnitude of the voltage and current to be output from each of the battery cell assemblies 120.

[0039] Here, multiple battery cells are the basic units of a lithium-ion battery, or secondary battery. Each of the multiple battery cells includes an electrode assembly, electrolyte, and case. Each of the multiple battery cells can be one of a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, or a pouch-type battery cell. The electrode assembly of a cylindrical battery cell is housed in a cylindrical metal can. The electrode assembly of a prismatic battery cell is housed in a prismatic metal can. The electrode assembly of a pouch-type battery cell is housed in a pouch case containing an aluminum laminate sheet.

[0040] An electrode assembly may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separation membrane interposed between the positive and negative electrodes. The electrode assembly may be either a jelly roll type or a stack type. A jelly roll type electrode assembly may include a winding structure of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separation membrane interposed between them. A stack type electrode assembly may include multiple sequentially stacked positive electrodes, multiple negative electrodes, and multiple separation membranes interposed between them.

[0041] The crossbeams 125 can be spaced apart from each other with the cell blocks 121 in between. The crossbeams 125 can have the same shape as each other. The crossbeams 125 can be arranged symmetrically around the cell blocks 121. The crossbeams 125 can be provided, for example, by an extrusion process, but are not limited thereto.

[0042] The crossbeam 125 may include a stepped structure. The stepped structure of the crossbeam 125 may be used for coupling with the supporting beams 133 and 135. The crossbeam 125 may be coupled to the supporting beams 133 and 135 by methods such as bolting.

[0043] The TIM layer 143 may be provided on the base plate 111B of the pack housing 110. The TIM layer 143 can be interposed between each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 and the base plate 111. The TIM layer 143 may contain a resin composition. The TIM layer 143 may be provided by a thermal resin coating process.

[0044] In the example shown in Figure 3, there is no TIM layer 143 at the center of each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 in the Y direction, and each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 is shown to have two corresponding TIM layers 143 (i.e., overlapping in the Z direction). However, this is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the technical idea of ​​the present invention in any way.

[0045] The resin composition may be a room-temperature curing composition; that is, the curing reaction of the resin composition may begin and proceed at room temperature. The curing reaction of the resin composition may be accelerated at temperatures higher than room temperature. The curing reaction rate of the resin composition at temperatures higher than room temperature may be faster than the curing reaction rate of the resin composition at room temperature. As a non-limiting example, the main component of the resin composition may be any one of silicone resin, polyol resin, epoxy resin, and acrylic resin.

[0046] The curing agent for a resin composition can be selected according to the main component of the resin composition. For example, if the main component of the resin composition is a silicone resin, the curing agent may be a siloxane compound; if the main component is a polyol resin, an isocyanate compound can be used for curing; if the main component is an epoxy resin, an amine compound can be used for curing; and if the main component is an acrylic resin, an isocyanate compound can be used for curing.

[0047] The inorganic filler in the resin composition can have relatively high thermal conductivity. According to an exemplary embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic filler in the resin composition may be about 1 W / mK or higher. According to an exemplary embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic filler in the resin composition may be 5 W / mK or higher. According to an exemplary embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic filler in the resin composition may be 10 W / mK or higher. According to an exemplary embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic filler in the resin composition may be about 15 W / mK or higher.

[0048] According to exemplary embodiments, the inorganic filler of the resin composition may include ceramics. For example, the inorganic filler of the resin composition may include any one of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), aluminum nitride (AlN), boron nitride (BN), silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon carbide (SiC), beryllium oxide (BeO), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), and boehmite. The resin composition may also include a carbon filler. The resin composition may include, for example, any one of fumed silica, clay, and calcium carbonate.

[0049] A tape 141 can be interposed between the TIM layer 143 and the base plate 111. The tape 141 can be in contact with both the TIM layer 143 and the base plate 111. The thermal conductivity of each tape 141 can be in the range of approximately 1 W / m·K to approximately 5 W / m·K. Each tape 141 may contain an expandable material.

[0050] The tape 141 can cover the base plate 111, so that each of the TIM layers 143 may not be in contact with the base plate 111. Each of the TIM layers 143 can be separated from the base plate 111.

[0051] The battery cell assembly 120 may partially cover the tape 141. The battery cell assembly 120 may expose a portion of the tape 141. The tape 141 may protrude in the Y direction relative to the battery cell assembly 120. The tape 141 may include a portion interposed between the battery cell assembly 120 and the side wall 112, or a portion interposed between the battery cell assembly 120 and the side wall 113.

[0052] The TIM layer 143 can partially cover the tape 141. The TIM layer 143 can expose portions of the tape 141. The tape 141 can protrude in the Y direction relative to the TIM layer 143. The tape 141 may include portions interposed between the TIM layer 143 and the side wall 112, or portions interposed between the TIM layer 143 and the side wall 113.

[0053] The center beam 131 can be interposed between multiple battery cell assemblies 120. The center beam 131 may extend in the X direction. The center beam 131 can isolate the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 in the Y direction. According to an exemplary embodiment, the center beam 131 may be provided separately from the base plate 111 and welded to the base plate 111. According to another exemplary embodiment, the center beam 131 may constitute a continuous, integrated element with the base plate 111.

[0054] The supporting beams 133 and 135 can be joined to the base plate 111 by welding or other methods. Supporting beam 133 can be interposed between supporting beams 135. Supporting beam 133 can be interposed between battery cell assemblies 120. Supporting beam 135 can be interposed between battery cell assemblies 120 and side walls 114, or between battery cell assemblies 120 and side walls 115.

[0055] A supporting beam 133 can be in contact with two cross beams 125, and a supporting beam 135 can be in contact with one cross beam 125. As a result, the thickness of each supporting beam 133 may differ from the thickness of each supporting beam 135. As a result, the thickness of each supporting beam 133 may be greater than the thickness of each supporting beam 135.

[0056] In Figure 1, the arrangement of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 can be described as a 2x2 arrangement. The arrangement of the center beam 131, supporting beams 133, 135, and the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 disclosed in Figure 1 is a non-limiting example and does not limit the technical idea of ​​the present invention in any sense. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily arrive at an arrangement of multiple battery cell assemblies 120 arranged in MxN (where M and N are integers greater than or equal to 2) based on what is described herein.

[0057] The lid 150 can be coupled to the pack housing. The lid 150 can be coupled to the side walls 112, 113, 114, and 115. The lid 150 can cover elements mounted inside the battery pack 100, such as the battery cell assembly 120 and electrical components. The lid 150 can be secured to the pack housing 110 by mechanical coupling means, such as bolting. The lid 150 can be secured to the side walls 112, 113, 114, and 115 by mechanical coupling means, such as bolting.

[0058] The lid 150 may include a ceiling section 151 and side walls 152 and 153. The ceiling section 151 can be spaced apart from the base plate 111 with a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 in between. The ceiling section 151 may be substantially parallel to the base plate 111. The side wall 152 may face the side wall 112, and the side wall 153 may face the side wall 113. The side walls 152 and 153 of the lid 150 may each be called upper side walls, and the side walls 112 and 113 of the pack housing 110 may each be called lower side walls.

[0059] The gasket 160 can be interposed between the side walls 112, 113, 114, 115 and the side walls 152, 153. The gasket 160 may contain a compressible material such as EPDM (Ethylene-Propylene Diene Monomer). The gasket 160 can be pressed by the side walls 112, 113, 114, 115 and the side walls 152, 153, thereby providing liquid tightness of the pack housing 100.

[0060] The bolts 170 can fasten the side walls 112, 113 and the side walls 152, 153 to each other. The bolts 170 can be fastened to each of the side walls 112, 113 and the side walls 152, 153. Each of the bolts 170 may include a flange and a cylindrical portion. The flange of each bolt 170 may be in contact with the base plate 111.

[0061] The heights of the side walls 112 and 113 may be less than the heights of the battery cell assemblies 120. The heights of the side walls 112 and 113 of the pack housing 110 may differ from the heights of the side walls 152 and 153 of the lid 150. The heights of the side walls 112 and 113 of the pack housing 110 may be less than the heights of the side walls 152 and 153 of the lid 150. The sum of the heights of the side walls 112 and 113 and the heights of the side walls 152 and 153 of the lid 150 may be greater than the heights of the battery cell assemblies 120.

[0062] The side wall 112 may include an inclined surface 112S, and the side wall 113 may include an inclined surface 113S. Each of the inclined surfaces 112S and 113S may be oblique to the mounting surface 111M of the base plate 111. Each of the inclined surfaces 112S and 113S may face the battery cell assembly 120.

[0063] The battery pack may further include an exhaust device coupled to one of the side walls 114, 115, or lid 150. One of the side walls 114, 115, or lid 150 may include an exhaust hole connected to the exhaust device. The exhaust device may be configured to slow thermal propagation by releasing hot gases from inside the battery pack 100 to the outside in the event of a thermal runway event in one of the battery cell assemblies 120.

[0064] Here, thermal runaway of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 is a state in which the temperature change of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 is further accelerated, resulting in an uncontrollable positive feedback loop. In a thermal runaway state, the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 exhibit a rapid temperature increase and emit large amounts of high-pressure gas and combustion residue.

[0065] The battery pack 100 may further include a Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS may be configured to perform monitoring, balancing, and control of the battery pack 100. Monitoring of the battery pack 100 may include measuring the voltage and current of specific nodes within a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120, and measuring the temperature of a set location within the battery pack 100. The battery pack 100 may include instruments for measuring the aforementioned voltage, current, and temperature.

[0066] Balancing the battery pack 100 is an operation that reduces deviations between multiple battery cell assemblies 120. Control of the battery pack 100 includes preventing overcharging, over-discharging, and overcurrent. Through monitoring, balancing, and control, the battery pack 100 can operate under optimal conditions, thereby preventing shortening of the lifespan of each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120.

[0067] The battery pack 100 may further include additional electrical components such as a cooling device, a Power Relay Assembly (PRA), and a safety plug. The cooling device may include a cooling fan. The cooling fan can prevent each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 from overheating by circulating air inside the battery pack 100. The PRA may be configured to supply or cut off power from the high-voltage battery to an external load (e.g., a vehicle motor). The PRA can protect the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 and the external load (e.g., a vehicle motor) by cutting off the power supply to the external load (e.g., a vehicle motor) in situations where abnormal voltages occur, such as voltage surges.

[0068] The battery pack 100 may further include a plurality of busbars configured to electrically connect a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120. The plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 may be connected in series by the plurality of busbars. This may configure the battery pack 100 to output a high voltage to an external load (e.g., a vehicle motor).

[0069] (Second Embodiment) Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0070] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0071] Referring to Figures 3 to 5, at P110, the lid 150 can be separated from the pack housing 110.

[0072] Next, at P120, the tape 141 can be removed. In this process, any portion of the tape 141 that overlaps with the problematic battery cell assembly 120 in the Z direction can be removed. The tape 141 can be removed by tension. The tape 141 can have sufficient tensile strength so as not to break while it is being removed. According to an exemplary embodiment, the height of the side walls 112, 113 is sufficiently low, and the side walls 112, 113 include inclined surfaces 112S, 113S, so that the angle between the tensile direction of the tape 141 and the main surface of the tape 141 (or the mounting surface 111M of the base plate 111) may be sufficiently small. This can prevent the tape 141 from breaking while it is being pulled.

[0073] Since the TIM layer 143 has already cured during the assembly step of the battery pack 100, there may be no adhesion between the TIM layer 143 and the base plate 111 if the tape 141 is removed. This allows the problematic battery cell assembly 120 to be replaced with a normal battery cell assembly in P130.

[0074] (Third embodiment) Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a battery pack 101 according to another exemplary embodiment. More specifically, Figure 6 shows the portion corresponding to Figure 3.

[0075] Referring to Figure 6, the battery pack 101 may include a pack housing 110', multiple battery cell assemblies 120, a center beam 131, supporting beams 133, 135 (see Figure 2), tape 141, TIM layer 143, lid 150', gasket 160, and bolts 170. The battery pack 101 may be a final product that is implemented in applications such as vehicles.

[0076] The multiple battery cell assemblies 120, the center beam 131, the supporting beams 133 and 135 (see Figure 2), the tape 141, and the TIM layer 143 are substantially the same as those described with reference to Figures 1 to 3, so redundant descriptions of them are omitted.

[0077] The pack housing 110' does not necessarily have to include side walls 112, 113 (see Figure 2). The lid 150' may include a top section 151 and side walls 152', 153', the side walls 152', 153' may be in contact with the base plate 111. The height of each of the side walls 152', 153' may be greater than the height of each of the battery cell assemblies 120.

[0078] Each of the side walls 152' and 153' can face the base plate 111. A gasket 160 can be interposed between the side walls 152' and 153' and the base plate 111. Bolts 170 can fasten the base plate 111 and the side walls 152' and 153' to each other. Bolts 170 can be fastened to the base plate 111 and to each of the side walls 152' and 153'.

[0079] The present invention has been described in more detail above with reference to the drawings and embodiments. However, the configurations described in the drawings or embodiments described herein are merely one embodiment of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical concept of the present invention. Therefore, there may be a variety of equivalents and modifications that can be substituted for them at the time of filing. [Explanation of symbols]

[0080] 100 Pack Housing 101 Battery Pack 110, 110' Pack Housing 111 Base Plate 111M mounting surface 112, 113, 114, 115 side wall 112S, 113S sloped surface 120 Battery Cell Assembly 121 Cell Block 125 Crossbeam 131 Center beam 133, 135 Supporting beams 141 Tape 143 TIM (Thermal Interface Material) layer 150, 150' Lid 151 Ceiling section 152, 153 side wall 160 Gasket 170 volts

Claims

1. Pack housing including base plate, A battery cell assembly comprising a plurality of battery cells is disposed on the pack housing, The TIM (Thermal Interface Material) layer between the battery cell assembly and the pack housing, A battery pack including a tape between the TIM layer and the pack housing.

2. The pack housing includes a lower side wall protruding from the base plate, The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the height of the lower side wall is less than the height of the battery cell assembly.

3. The battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the lower side wall includes an obliquely inclined surface on the mounting surface of the base plate.

4. The battery pack according to claim 3, wherein the inclined surface faces the battery cell assembly.

5. The assembly further includes a lid plate that covers the battery cell assembly, The battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the lid plate includes an upper side wall facing the lower side wall.

6. The battery pack according to claim 5, wherein the height of the upper side wall is greater than the height of the lower side wall.

7. The assembly further includes a lid plate that covers the battery cell assembly, The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the lid plate includes an upper side wall facing the base plate.

8. The battery pack according to claim 7, wherein the height of the upper side wall is greater than the height of the battery cell assembly.

9. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the tape covers the base plate.

10. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the tape is in contact with the base plate and the TIM layer, respectively.

11. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the TIM layer is separated from the base plate.

12. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the battery cell assembly includes a cell block containing a plurality of battery cells and crossbeams spaced apart from each other with the cell block in between.

13. The battery pack according to claim 12, wherein the crossbeam is symmetrical with respect to the cell block.

14. The battery pack according to claim 12, wherein each of the crossbeams includes a stepped structure.

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