Semi-permanent tattoo with film release liner

Abstract

In a first aspect, the disclosure relates to an applicator for applying a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant, the applicator comprising a carrier liner and an adhesive layer. The applicator further comprises a pattern provided on and / or within the adhesive layer, the pattern comprising a semi-permanent colorant. The applicator further comprises a release liner having a surface in contact with the adhesive layer and the pattern, the release liner having a surface formed of a film.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims the benefit of European Patent Application No. 23170747.2, filed on April 28, 2023, entitled "Semi-permanent tattoo with film release liner", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of tattoos. More specifically, the present invention relates to semi-permanent tattoos.

Background Art

[0003] Temporary or semi-permanent tattoos or body inks have been used throughout human history to adorn the body. Generally, temporary or semi-permanent tattoos are transferred to the skin by directly exposing the skin to tattoo ink over a specified incubation period. The quality of the transferred image and its duration on the skin can depend on the ink distribution profile in the outer layer of the skin called the stratum corneum, or the distribution profile in the epidermis. As manufacturing methods for existing tattoo designs currently in use, there are examples of the use of a number of forms of local formulations including flexographic or gravure printing inks, stencils, and inkjet printers.

[0004] For example, semi-permanent tattoos can be performed using semi-permanent colorants such as genipin and genipin derivatives. Genipin can chemically bond to the skin (mammals, especially humans) and can result in long-lasting blue coloring of the skin.

[0005] Semi-permanent colorants may be incorporated into applicators, such as stickers, to facilitate the application of semi-permanent tattoos by the user. The applicator may have a predetermined pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant that defines the design of the semi-permanent tattoo. For the manufacture of applicators for semi-permanent tattoos, the semi-permanent colorant may be mixed with other compounds, such as solvents, to form a temporary tattoo ink. The temporary tattoo ink can then be printed in the form of a predetermined pattern onto an adhesive layer provided on a carrier liner.

[0006] The pattern and adhesive layers may be damaged during transport and storage, for example by foreign matter. Furthermore, the adhesive layer may dry out during storage or become contaminated with dust, for example. Drying and / or contaminated can impair the adhesive properties of the adhesive layer. To prevent damage and contaminated, the pattern and adhesive layers are typically protected by a release liner mounted on the adhesive layer opposite the carrier liner. The release liner is generally made of kraft paper. For semi-permanent tattooing, the release liner is peeled off first. Then, for semi-permanent tattooing, the adhesive layer can be placed on the area of ​​skin intended to show the semi-permanent tattoo, allowing the semi-permanent colorant to diffuse into the skin.

[0007] International Publication No. 2020 / 163830(A1) discloses such an applicator, which includes a paper release liner.

[0008] However, it has been found that semi-permanent tattoos obtained using such applicators may have an uneven and inconsistent appearance.

[0009] This disclosure relates to the improvement of semi-permanent tattoos. [Overview of the project]

[0010] In a first aspect, the disclosure relates to an applicator for applying a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant, wherein the applicator comprises a carrier liner and an adhesive layer. The applicator further comprises a pattern provided on and / or within the adhesive layer, the pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant. The applicator further comprises a release liner having a surface in contact with the adhesive layer and the pattern, the release liner having a surface formed of a film.

[0011] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the pattern may include a plurality of spots, the plurality of spots may have an average maximum diameter of about 10 μm to about 500 μm, more specifically about 50 μm to about 250 μm, and in particular about 75 μm to about 130 μm.

[0012] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the average surface roughness of the film may be less than 3 μm, more specifically less than 1 μm, and particularly less than 500 nm, as measured according to ISO 21920-2:2021.

[0013] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the average surface roughness of the film may be about 0.5 nm to about 500 nm, more specifically about 1 nm to about 300 nm, and in particular about 3 nm to about 100 nm, measured according to ISO 21920-2:2021.

[0014] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the release liner may be a film.

[0015] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the film may have a thickness of about 10 μm to about 400 μm, more specifically about 80 μm to about 250 μm, and in particular about 120 μm to about 180 μm.

[0016] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the carrier liner may have a first surface and a second surface, and the adhesive layer may be provided on at least about 50%, more specifically at least 70%, and particularly at least 90% of the entire area of ​​the second surface.

[0017] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern may be provided on and / or in less than 95%, more specifically less than 90%, and particularly less than 85%, of the entire surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the carrier liner.

[0018] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner may be provided over at least about 70%, more specifically at least 90%, of the entire surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the pattern and carrier liner, and may in particular completely cover the surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the pattern and carrier liner.

[0019] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the film comprises, is essentially, or consists of a polymer, particularly polyethylene terephthalate.

[0020] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the film may include a silicone coating, more specifically a non-halogenated silicone or a fluorosilicone, and the silicone coating in particular includes polydimethylsiloxane.

[0021] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the carrier liner includes, is essentially made of, or consists of a polymer, more specifically a flexible polymer, in particular polyethylene.

[0022] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the carrier liner may have a thickness of about 10 μm to about 300 μm, more specifically about 30 μm to about 150 μm, and in particular about 40 μm to about 100 μm.

[0023] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the carrier liner comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a water-resistant polymer or a waterproof polymer, particularly a waterproof polymer.

[0024] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the carrier liner may be water-resistant or waterproof.

[0025] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the adhesive layer comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a rubber adhesive.

[0026] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the adhesive layer may contain a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0027] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the adhesive layer may be water-insoluble.

[0028] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the adhesive layer may have a thickness of from about 5 μm to about 200 μm, more specifically from about 20 μm to about 100 μm, particularly from about 30 μm to about 80 μm.

[0029] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the semi-permanent colorant may contain genipin or a genipin derivative, particularly purified genipin.

[0030] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the applicator may contain one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of transcutol, an alkyl glycol, or a mixture thereof, more specifically, the one or more compounds may be selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, or a mixture thereof, particularly, the one or more compounds may be pentylene glycol.

[0031] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the one or more compounds may be pentylene glycol.

[0032] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant may contain one or more compounds in an amount of about 0.01% to about 30% by weight, more specifically about 0.05% to about 25% by weight, and in particular about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0033] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the pattern may include a matrix component, and in particular the matrix component may include a polyol.

[0034] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the polyol may have a molar mass of at least 100 g / mol, more specifically at least 200 g / mol, and particularly at least 300 g / mol. The matrix component may be solid at 0°C, more preferably solid at 20°C, even more specifically solid at 30°C, and particularly solid at 45°C.

[0035] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant may contain a matrix component in an amount of about 1.5% to about 30% by weight, more specifically about 5% to about 25% by weight, and in particular about 10% to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0036] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant may contain one or more solvents, more specifically, the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant may contain one or more solvents in an amount of about 0.01% to about 90% by weight, more specifically about 0.05% to about 85% by weight, and in particular about 0.1% to about 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0037] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant may contain the semi-permanent colorant in an amount of about 5% to about 90% by weight, more specifically about 10% to about 85% by weight, and in particular about 0.1% to about 75% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0038] In a second aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing an applicator for applying a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant. The method includes applying a temporary tattoo ink onto an adhesive layer provided on a carrier liner to provide a pattern. Furthermore, the method includes attaching a release liner to the adhesive layer, particularly by lamination, such that the release liner has a surface that contacts the adhesive layer and the pattern, the surface may be formed of a film.

[0039] In some embodiments according to the second aspect, the composition may be applied by printing, particularly by inkjet printing.

[0040] In some embodiments of the second aspect, obtaining the applicator may further include a heat treatment, particularly after the application of temporary tattoo ink and before the attachment of the release liner.

[0041] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the heat treatment may be carried out at a temperature of about 45°C to about 85°C, particularly about 55°C to about 75°C, for a duration of about 20 minutes to about 120 minutes, particularly about 30 minutes to about 60 minutes.

[0042] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain about 30% to about 90% by weight of one or more solvents, about 1% to about 30% by weight of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of transktol, alkyl glycols, or mixtures thereof, and / or about 1% to about 20% by weight of one or more semi-permanent colorants.

[0043] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain one or more solvents, more specifically polar solvents, the solvents in particular may be selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, or mixtures thereof.

[0044] In some embodiments of the second aspect, one or more solvents may be present in an amount of about 30% to about 90% by weight, more specifically, about 50% to about 85% by weight, and particularly about 65% to about 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink.

[0045] In some embodiments according to the second aspect, the solvent may include water and ethanol, more specifically, the ratio of water to ethanol may be about 1:1 to about 1:2, and more specifically, about 1:1.3 to about 1:1.8.

[0046] In some embodiments according to the second aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may include a matrix component, more specifically, the matrix component may be a polyol, and even more specifically, a disaccharide, particularly trehalose.

[0047] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the matrix component may be present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 6% by weight, more specifically, about 0.5% to about 4% by weight, and in particular about 1% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink.

[0048] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain less than 1% by weight, more specifically less than 0.1% by weight, of the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink, and may not contain or be essentially free of a gelling agent or adhesive.

[0049] In a third aspect, the disclosure relates to a use of a release liner for preventing or reducing the transfer of a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant onto the release liner, wherein the release liner has a surface that contacts the adhesive layer and the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant, and the surface is formed of a film. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0050] [Figure 1] An exploded view of the applicator according to the first embodiment is shown. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0051] The present disclosure is described in detail below. Terms or words used in the description and aspects of this disclosure should not be constrained to have only common language or dictionary meanings, but should be construed to have their ordinary technical meanings established in the relevant art unless specifically defined below. While the detailed description refers to specific embodiments to better illustrate the disclosure, it should be understood that the presented disclosure is not limited to these specific embodiments.

[0052] A semi-permanent colorant may be incorporated into an applicator, such as a sticker, to facilitate the application of a semi-permanent tattoo by the user. The applicator may have a predetermined pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant that defines the design of the semi-permanent tattoo. For the manufacture of an applicator for semi-permanent tattoos, the semi-permanent colorant may be mixed with other compounds, such as a solvent, to form a temporary tattoo ink. The temporary tattoo ink may be printed in the form of a predetermined pattern on an adhesive layer provided on a carrier liner. The pattern and adhesive layer may be damaged during transport and storage, for example by foreign matter. Furthermore, the adhesive layer may dry out during storage or become contaminated with dust, for example. Drying and / or contaminated may impair the adhesive properties of the adhesive layer. To prevent damage and contaminated, the pattern and adhesive layer are typically protected by a release liner mounted on the adhesive layer opposite the carrier liner. The release liner is generally made of kraft paper. To apply the semi-permanent tattoo, the release liner is peeled off first. Subsequently, an adhesive layer can be placed on the area of ​​skin where the semi-permanent tattoo is intended to be applied, allowing the semi-permanent colorant to diffuse into the skin.

[0053] The application of semi-permanent tattoos using the aforementioned applicator offers several advantages. Firstly, it allows users to apply semi-permanent tattoos in a single step, without requiring significant effort from the user. Furthermore, by applying temporary tattoo ink to an adhesive layer through printing, high-throughput production of precise designs becomes possible.

[0054] However, it has been found that semi-permanent colorants may not diffuse uniformly from the applicator into the skin. In fact, the resulting semi-permanent tattoo may appear "uneven." The term "uneven semi-permanent tattoo" as used herein refers to a semi-permanent tattoo that includes areas of (unintended) color intensity differences, particularly with respect to the result obtained on the skin. While not bound by theory, this is thought to be due to the interaction of the adhesive layer, the temporary tattoo ink, and the release liner.

[0055] Surprisingly, it was found that replacing a release liner containing kraft paper with a release liner containing film could significantly reduce the unevenness of the resulting tattoo.

[0056] While not bound by theory, the surface roughness of kraft paper is thought to contribute to unevenness. The release liner is designed to be easily peelable, but it needs to adhere sufficiently to prevent premature peeling. After removing the release liner from kraft paper, the quality of the pattern may deteriorate, and it has been found that the pattern may appear uneven, particularly when illuminated from the back with visible light. Specifically, when illuminated from the back, some areas of the pattern may appear transparent, while other parts of the pattern may appear opaque. Observable unevenness in the pattern has been found to directly correlate with unevenness in the resulting semi-permanent tattoo. In particular, areas of the pattern that appeared opaque when illuminated from the back resulted in areas of semi-permanent tattoo with lower color intensity compared to areas where the transparent pattern was applied. In some cases, after removing the release liner, (almost) the entire pattern appeared opaque, resulting in semi-permanent tattoo with lower color intensity compared to those applied with a transparent pattern. The color of the semi-permanent coloring agent develops over time, and as a result, unevenness in the tattoo may only become visible after 12 to 24 hours. The observed unevenness is thought to originate from the parts of the pattern that adhered to the release liner after removal. Again, although not bound by theory, the adhesion of the pattern to the release liner is thought to be due to the surface roughness of the kraft paper.

[0057] Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present disclosure relates to an applicator for applying a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant, the applicator comprising a carrier liner and an adhesive layer. The applicator further comprises a pattern provided on and / or within the adhesive layer, the pattern comprising a semi-permanent colorant. Furthermore, the applicator comprises a release liner having a surface in contact with the adhesive layer and the pattern, the release liner having a surface formed of a film.

[0058] As will be described in more detail below, the applicators of this disclosure may be manufactured by inkjet printing. Release liners, which include or are films, may be particularly preferred for applicators manufactured by inkjet printing compared to applicators manufactured by, for example, screen printing. Patterns applied by inkjet printing can be more delicate because they are applied in the form of tiny droplets that dry and form spots, and therefore can be very susceptible to unevenness. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern may include a plurality of spots, which may have an average maximum diameter of about 10 μm to about 500 μm, more specifically about 50 μm to about 250 μm, and in particular about 75 μm to about 130 μm. The average maximum diameter of the spots may be determined using a microscope and averaged over 30 spots.

[0059] The film may be a thin sheet of continuous material. The film may be a non-fibrous film, in particular, because fibers such as cellulose fibers can increase the surface roughness of the film, which can lead to pattern irregularities. Similarly, the film may be non-porous, as pores can also increase the surface roughness of the film.

[0060] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the average surface roughness of the film may be less than 3 μm, more specifically less than 1 μm, and particularly less than 500 nm, as measured according to ISO 21920-2:2021. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the average surface roughness of the film may be about 0.5 nm to about 500 nm, more specifically about 1 nm to about 300 nm, and particularly about 3 nm to about 100 nm, as measured according to ISO 21920-2:2021.

[0061] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the release liner may be a film.

[0062] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the film may have a thickness of about 10 μm to about 400 μm, more specifically about 80 μm to about 250 μm, and particularly about 120 μm to about 180 μm. The aforementioned film thicknesses can provide a good balance between protection and flexibility. As will be described in more detail below, the applicator of the present disclosure may be manufactured by inkjet printing. For the inkjet printing process and the subsequent drying process, the carrier liner may be provided with a support layer attached to the carrier liner, which increases the rigidity of the carrier liner. The increased rigidity can improve the processability of the carrier liner, for example, by preventing wrinkles in the carrier liner. However, the support layer must then be removed from the applicator, because otherwise, the applicator may not conform properly to the user's skin due to the increased rigidity. However, the applicator may wrinkle when peeling, for example, by delamination. A film of increased thickness, laminated onto the applicator before delamination, may help prevent wrinkles in the applicator, for example, by increasing the rigidity of the applicator. Furthermore, the carrier liner with an adhesive layer may be supplied in the form of a wide sheet that is printed in one go and then cut into individual applicators. Thicker films may also help enable precise cutting without damaging the applicator. In addition, applicators may curl unintentionally due to water absorption after cutting. Curling can be reduced by using a thicker film. Finally, a release liner containing or consisting of a film with increased thickness provides sufficient mechanical stability to the applicator, which may allow the use of thinner and / or more flexible carrier liners. Thinner carrier liners may improve the fit of the carrier liner to the skin.

[0063] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the carrier liner may have a thickness of about 10 μm to about 300 μm, more specifically about 30 μm to about 150 μm, and in particular about 40 μm to about 100 μm.

[0064] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner may be provided on and / or attached to the pattern. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner may be provided on and / or attached to the pattern and the adhesive layer, particularly on the side opposite the adhesive layer to which the carrier liner is attached. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner may be provided with a pull tab for easy removal of the release liner. The release liner may be supplied, for example, by Fox River Associates, Inc. (Ponte Vedra, Florida, USA).

[0065] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the carrier liner may have a first surface and a second surface, and the adhesive layer may be provided on at least about 50%, more specifically at least 70%, and particularly at least 90% of the entire surface of the second surface. In particular, the adhesive layer may be provided on all of at least one surface of the carrier liner. Covering a high proportion of the surface of the second surface of the carrier liner with the adhesive layer can improve the adhesion of the carrier to the skin when applied to the skin.

[0066] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern may be provided on and / or in less than 95%, more specifically less than 90%, and particularly less than 85%, of the entire surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the carrier liner. In other words, the adhesive layer may have a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the adhesive may be in contact with the second surface of the carrier liner, and the pattern may be provided on the second surface of the adhesive. Thus, at least a portion of the adhesive layer is available for contact with the skin. Furthermore, the adhesive layer according to the first aspect does not have to include the pattern itself, and instead, the pattern may be provided as a separate entity. An adhesive layer including a pattern may allow less semi-permanent colorant to diffuse into the skin compared to a pattern provided on top of the adhesive layer. However, the pattern may diffuse partially into the adhesive layer.

[0067] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner may be provided over at least about 70%, more specifically at least 90%, of the entire area of ​​the adhesive layer surface facing away from the pattern and carrier liner, and may in particular completely cover the surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the pattern and carrier liner. The release liner can protect the pattern before application.

[0068] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner may include a non-adhesive material. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner film may include, be essentially made of, or consist of a polymer, particularly polyethylene terephthalate. Polymer films, particularly polyethylene terephthalate films, may exhibit low surface roughness. Furthermore, polymer films, particularly polyethylene terephthalate films, may be flexible yet durable, particularly tear-resistant. In addition, applicators may curl unintentionally due to water absorption after cutting. Since polymer films can absorb less water compared to paper release liners, using a polymer film may reduce curling. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner may be flexible. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner may exhibit a Young's modulus of about 0.1 GPa to about 60 GPa, more specifically 0.5 GPa to about 10 GPa, and particularly about 1 GPa to about 5 GPa.

[0069] An exemplary exploded view of the applicator 100 according to the first embodiment is shown in Figure 1. The applicator 100 in Figure 1 comprises an adhesive layer 120 provided on a carrier liner 110. A pattern 130 is provided on the adhesive layer 120. A release liner 140 is provided on the pattern 130 and the adhesive layer 120 (shown at a distance for overview).

[0070] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the release liner film may include a silicone coating, more specifically, the silicone coating may include a non-halogenated silicone or a fluorosilicone, and in particular, the silicone coating may include, essentially consist of, or consist of polydimethylsiloxane. The silicone coating may be configured to reduce the adhesion between the release liner and the adhesive layer and / or pattern. Thus, the silicone can face the adhesive layer and the pattern. It has been found that silicone coatings essentially consisting of a non-halogenated silicone, particularly polydimethylsiloxane, may result in lower unevenness after peeling compared to fluorosilicone coatings. Furthermore, fluorosilicones have environmental problems. Furthermore, it has been found that the extraction rate of the silicone coating may affect the unevenness, more specifically, that as the extraction rate of the silicone coating increases, unevenness may increase, especially after longer storage periods. Although not bound by theory, it is thought that the silicone extract may migrate from the silicone coating to the top of the pattern. The migrated silicone extract may reduce the genipin diffusion rate into the skin by forming a barrier. Therefore, in some embodiments according to the first aspect, the silicone coating is 10 μg / cm³ 2 Silicone extraction rate less than 1 μg / cm³ 2 Silicone extraction rates below 100 ng / cm³ 2The silicone extraction rate may be less than 5% by weight, more specifically less than 3% by weight, and in particular less than 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the silicone coating. The extraction rate may be tested according to ISO 10993-18:2020. Alternatively or additionally, the extraction rate may be tested by immersing the stripped liner in a solvent selected from methyl isobutyl ketone, xylene, and toluene for 25 hours. The amount of silicone may then be measured using atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The total weight of the coating can be measured, for example, by X-ray fluorescence.

[0071] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the carrier liner includes, is essentially, or consists of a polymer, more specifically a flexible polymer, in particular polyethylene. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the release liner may exhibit a Young's modulus of about 0.1 GPa to about 60 GPa, more specifically 0.5 GPa to about 10 GPa, and in particular about 1 GPa to about 5 GPa.

[0072] The applicator may rely solely on residual solvents in the pattern and sweat to transfer the semi-permanent colorant from the pattern to the skin. In particular, the applicator may not require water to transfer the pattern, or the semi-permanent colorant contained within the pattern, to the skin. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the carrier liner includes, is essentially, or consists of a water-resistant polymer or a waterproof polymer, particularly a waterproof polymer. Thus, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the carrier liner may be water-resistant or waterproof. The term “water-resistant carrier liner” in this disclosure means a carrier liner that, when in contact with a damp sponge cloth on a first surface, does not show a detectable increase in moisture on a second surface after at least 10 minutes of contact. The term “waterproof carrier liner” in this disclosure means a carrier liner that, when in contact with a damp sponge cloth on a first surface, does not show a detectable increase in moisture on a second surface after at least 1 hour of contact. The damp sponge cloth may be, for example, a sponge cloth containing 75% cellulose and 25% cotton, having a thickness of about 2 mm to about 10 mm when dry. The sponge cloth must be completely submerged in water for 5 minutes, and then allowed to drain excess water by, for example, attaching it to a peg and hanging it for 5 minutes. For example, the "vileda Original Schwammtuch" from Vileda GmbH (Weinheim, Germany) may be used for the test. Moisture can be detected using a moisture meter, for example, the MM7 pin-type moisture meter available from General Tool Inc (Irvine, California). An increase in moisture can be considered a "detectable increase in moisture" if the moisture increases by at least 15%, more specifically at least 20%. The temperature of the damp sponge cloth must be at least ambient temperature to prevent water condensation on the second surface of the carrier liner.

[0073] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the adhesive layer may include rubber adhesives, silicone adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, hydrogel adhesives, hydrophilic colloidal adhesives, acrylic adhesives, and / or dry adhesives. In particular, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the adhesive layer may include, be essentially, or consist of a rubber adhesive. For example, the adhesive layer may include a styrene copolymer adhesive. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the adhesive layer may include a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Pressure-sensitive adhesives may be advantageous because they do not require activation by, for example, water. In this disclosure, the term “activation of the adhesive layer” refers to applying an external stimulus other than pressure to the adhesive layer in order for it to adhere to a surface, such as skin. The external stimulus may be one or more of heat, drying, shearing, UV light, or the addition of other substances. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the adhesive layer and / or pattern may be in direct contact with a release liner, more specifically with a film and / or a coating provided to or included on a film.

[0074] Furthermore, the adhesive may be configured not to transfer to the skin. For example, a transfer seal (decal) may comprise an adhesive layer provided on a carrier liner and an additional water-absorbing layer. A water-soluble slip layer may be disposed between the water-absorbing layer, e.g., porous paper, and the carrier liner. The water-soluble slip layer may allow the adhesive layer and carrier to transfer from the water-absorbing layer to the skin during application. However, the combination of the carrier liner and the adhesive layer may leave a sticky residue on the skin. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the adhesive layer may be water-insoluble. The term “water-insoluble adhesive layer” in this disclosure may refer to an adhesive layer having a water solubility of less than 0.25 g / dL at 20°C, more specifically less than 0.1 g / dL, and particularly less than 0.05 g / dL. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the applicator may not include a water-soluble slip layer and / or a water-absorbing layer. Furthermore, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the carrier liner may be an outer layer of the applicator.

[0075] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the adhesive layer may have a thickness of about 5 μm to about 200 μm, more specifically about 20 μm to about 100 μm, and particularly about 30 μm to about 80 μm. The thickness may be measured from the carrier liner to the top of the adhesive layer, excluding the pattern. The thickness of the adhesive layer shall be measured in the portion where the pattern is not provided.

[0076] In some embodiments of the first aspect, one or more semi-permanent colorants may include colorant precursors. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the colorant precursor may include genipine or a genipine derivative. Therefore, in some embodiments of the first aspect, the semi-permanent colorant may include genipine or a genipine derivative, in particular purified genipine. The term “purified genipine” may refer to a semi-permanent colorant containing at least about 90% by weight, more specifically at least about 95% by weight, and in particular at least about 98.5% by weight of genipine, based on the total weight of the semi-permanent colorant.

[0077] The term “colorant” is well known and, in particular, refers to its general meaning in the art. Additionally or alternatively, the term “colorant” may refer to a substance that alters the color of reflected or transmitted light as a result of wavelength-selective absorption. As used herein, “color” refers to wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye. The term “semi-permanent colorant” is well known and, in particular, refers to its general meaning in the art. Additionally or alternatively, the term “semi-permanent colorant” may refer to a colorant that penetrates one or more layers of the skin and cannot be removed from the skin without physical destruction of the skin or natural desquamation. For example, a semi-permanent colorant may penetrate the stratum corneum and / or epidermis and react with other molecules, e.g., other colorant molecules and / or other molecules present in the stratum corneum and / or epidermis, so that the semi-permanent colorant becomes immobilized within the stratum corneum and / or epidermis. For example, a semi-permanent colorant may crosslink with collagen found in the stratum corneum and / or epidermis. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the semi-permanent colorant may react with other molecules, e.g., other colorant molecules and / or other molecules present in the stratum corneum and / or epidermis, to form molecules that are too large to diffuse from the stratum corneum and / or epidermis. In some embodiments of the first aspect, where the semi-permanent colorant penetrates the stratum corneum and / or epidermis, the residence time of the colorant is determined by the natural desquamation process. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the semi-permanent colorant cannot be washed away, for example, with water, soap, and / or isopropanol. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the semi-permanent colorant comprises natural or synthetic pigments or dyes. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the semi-permanent colorant may comprise colorant precursors, e.g., molecules such as genipin that exhibit color when reacted with one or more other molecules.

[0078] As used herein, “genipin” refers to genipin extract, partially purified genipin extract, and / or purified genipin, as further described herein. Genipin is derived from an iridoid glycoside called geniposide, which is present in nearly 40 plant species. Genipin may be derived, for example, from the plant Genipa americana, particularly from its fruit. Genipa americana is also known as jagua, caruto, huito, jenipapo, genipapa, guaitil, tapaculo, yigualti, shagua, xagua, maluco, vito, nandipa, or bi. Genipin may also be derived, for example, from gardenia, particularly from its fruit. Genipan is also marketed under the names Hagua extract or Genipan food extract. Furthermore, genipin is a precursor of gardenia blue, which, upon exposure to amine groups, undergoes free radical polymerization and / or oligomerization to form a blue colorant (see, e.g., Touyama et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 42:668-673, 1994, and Touyama et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 42(8):1571-1578, 1994; both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety). When in contact with skin, genipin can react with amines in the skin to produce polymer-based and / or oligomer-based blue colors in situ. Since polymer-based and / or oligomer-based blue colorants are too large to penetrate the skin at the relevant concentrations, the penetration profile of genipin can determine the color density profile of the stratum corneum and / or epidermis.

[0079] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant may contain the semi-permanent colorant in an amount of about 30% to about 90% by weight, more specifically about 40% to about 85% by weight, and in particular about 50% to about 75% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0080] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the applicator may contain one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of transktol, alkyl glycol, or mixtures thereof, more specifically, one or more compounds may be selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, or mixtures thereof. It has been found that 1,3-butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, or mixtures thereof, particularly pentylene glycol, when used in a release liner including a film, can result in lower unevenness compared to transktol. Therefore, in some embodiments of the first aspect, one or more compounds may be pentylene glycol. The content of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of transktol, alkyl glycol, or mixtures thereof may be relatively low in the final applicator of the second aspect. The applicator may be subjected to heat treatment (discussed below), in which case a significant amount of one or more compounds may evaporate. One or more compounds may further evaporate during storage. In some embodiments of the first aspect, a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant may contain one or more compounds in an amount of about 0.01% to about 30% by weight, more specifically about 0.05% to about 25% by weight, and particularly about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern. In some embodiments of the first aspect, a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant may contain one or more compounds in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% by weight, more specifically about 0.05% to about 3% by weight, and particularly about 0.1% to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0081] The pattern may include one or more additional colorants, in particular one or more temporary colorants. The term “temporary colorant” is well known and, above all, refers to its general meaning in the art. Additionally or alternatively, the term “temporary colorant” may refer to a colorant that is located on the surface of the skin, or if it penetrates the skin, diffuses out of the skin, or can be washed off with, for example, water, soap, and / or isopropanol. As mentioned above, semi-permanent colorants such as genipin may require time for their color to develop (fully). Additional colorants may make a temporary tattoo visible immediately after application.In some embodiments of the first aspect, one or more temporary colorants include iron oxide black (Fe3O4), iron oxide (FeO), carbon, logwood, yellow ochre, cinnabar (HgS), cadmium red (CdSe), iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), naphthol-AS pigment, disazodiarylide, disazopyrazolone, cadmium selenosulfide, cadmium yellow (CdS, CdZnS), curcuma yellow, chromium yellow (PbCrO4), disazodiarylide, chromium oxide (Cr2O3), malachite [Cu 2(CO3)(OH)2], ferrocyanide, felicyanide, lead chromate, monoazo pigments, Cu / Al phthalocyanine, Cu phthalocyanine, azure blue, cobalt blue, Cu-phthalocyanine, manganese violet (manganese ammonium pyrophosphate), aluminum salts, quinacridone, dioxazine / carbazole, lead white (lead carbonate), titanium dioxide (TiO2), barium sulfate (BaSO4), zinc oxide, anthraquinone dyes and derivatives, anato, caramel, β-carotene, bisma citrate Sodium EDTA, copper disodium, copper potassium sodium chlorophyllin, dihydroxyacetone, bismuth oxychloride, guaiazulene, henna, ammonium iron ferricyanide, iron ferricyanide, chromium hydroxide green, chromium oxide green, guanine, lead acetate, pyrophyllite, mica, silver, titanium dioxide, aluminum powder, bronze powder, copper powder, ultramarine, manganese violet, zinc oxide, luminescent zinc sulfide, D&C Black No. 2 and No. 3, FD&C Blue No. 1 (e.g., Acid Blue 9) The following can be selected: D&C Blue No. 4, D&C Brown No. 1, FD&C Green No. 3, D&C Green No. 5, 6, and 8, D&C Orange No. 4, 5, 10, and 11, FD&C Red No. 4, D&C Red No. 6, 7, 17, 21, 22, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36, and 40, D&C Violet No. 2, Topical D&C Violet No. 2, FD&C Yellow No. 5 and 6, D&C Yellow No. 7, 8, 10, and 11, and Topical D&C Yellow No. 7. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the temporary colorant does not contain an amine group. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the temporary colorant is Acid Blue 9.

[0082] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the pattern may include a matrix component. The matrix component may provide mechanical stability to the pattern. Furthermore, the semi-permanent colorant may be partially embedded within the matrix component, which may reduce the diffusion rate of the semi-permanent colorant onto the release liner. The matrix component may release the semi-permanent colorant when applied to the skin, for example by becoming slightly moistened with sweat. Furthermore, the matrix component may increase the resolution of the printed image. Although not bound by theory, the matrix component may form hydrogen bonds with the semi-permanent colorant in the ink used for printing and / or during the drying process, which may reduce the mobility of the semi-permanent colorant by preventing it from diffusing onto or into the adhesive layer, particularly along the surface of the adhesive layer, thereby reducing blurring of the printed image.

[0083] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the matrix component may include a polyol. As used herein, a polyol means an alcohol containing at least three hydroxyl groups, and more particularly, at least four hydroxyl groups. Examples of polyols include oligosaccharides such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides, sugar alcohols, or other short-chain polymer polyols. Optionally, the polyols as used herein may include polyol derivatives that may incorporate other hydrophilic groups, such as ethylene oxide derivatives of hydroxyl groups.

[0084] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the polyol (of the matrix component) may be a polyol that can be redispersed in an aqueous medium, and in particular, the polyol may be water-soluble. The term “water-soluble polyol” in this disclosure may refer to a polyol having a water solubility of more than 0.5 g / dL, more specifically more than 10 g / dL, and especially more than 50 g / dL at 20°C. As described above, the matrix component may release a semi-permanent colorant when moistened with sweat. Not limited to theory, the matrix component, when containing a polyol, may be partially solubilized, for example, when absorbing water from sweat, allowing for a higher diffusion rate of the semi-permanent colorant toward the skin. Furthermore, not limited to theory, the matrix component may bond with the semi-permanent colorant by forming hydrogen bonds with it, which are solubilized by water penetrating the pattern, and then allow for improved mobility of the semi-permanent colorant. The matrix component may also improve the transfer of the pattern to the skin by acting as a hygroscopic substance and then drawing sweat from the skin.

[0085] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the polyol may have a molar mass of at least 100 g / mol, more specifically at least 200 g / mol, and particularly at least 300 g / mol. The matrix component may be solid at 0°C, more preferably at 20°C, even more specifically at 30°C, and particularly at 45°C. In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the polyol may be solid at 0°C, more preferably at 20°C, even more specifically at 30°C, and particularly at 45°C.

[0086] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the matrix component may be selected from the group consisting of sugars, sugar alcohols, and polymers. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the sugar may be selected from the group consisting of trehalose, glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and xylose, trehalose, sucrose, lactotrehalose, galactotrehalose, 6-azizotrehalose, maltose, lactose, lactulose, cellobiose, chitobiose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the matrix component may be trehalose. One or more of the above compounds may also help in the solubilization of semi-permanent colorants. Improved solubilization of semi-permanent colorants may improve their distribution and embedding in the matrix component, which may also result in less unevenness, especially after longer storage periods.

[0087] In some embodiments of the first aspect, a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant may contain a matrix component in an amount of about 1.5% to about 30% by weight, more specifically about 5% to about 25% by weight, and particularly about 10% to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0088] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant may contain one or more solvents (such solvents are defined below with respect to the second aspect). More specifically, in some embodiments, the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant may contain one or more solvents in an amount of about 0.01% to about 90% by weight, more specifically about 0.05% to about 85% by weight, and in particular about 0.1% to about 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0089] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pattern may further include one or more preservatives. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the one or more preservatives are ascorbic acid, ascorbate, palmitate, citric acid, benzoate, benzoic acid, propionate, propionic acid, sorbate, sorbic acid, salicylic acid, salicylate, hexa-2,4-dienoic acid, hexa-2,4-dienoate, formaldehyde, formaldehyde-releasing agent, formic acid and its salts, 3-acetyl-6-methylpyran-2,4-(3H)-dione and its salts, 3,3'-dibromo-4,4'-hexamethylenedioxydibenzamidine and its salts, thiomersal, phenylmercury salt, undeca-10-enoic acid and its salts, 1,3-bis(2-ethyl) Xyl)Hexahydro-5-methyl-5-pyrimidine, 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane, bronopol, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, chlorocresol, chloroxyllenol, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol, N,N''-methylenebis[N'-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidine-4-yl]urea], polyaminopropyl biguanide, methenamine, quaternium-15, crimbazole, DMDM ​​hydantoin, benzyl alcohol, 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-Trimethylpentyl)-2-pyridone, piroctone olamine, bromochlorophene, o-cymen-5-ol, chlorophene, chloroacetamine, methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, phenoxyisopropanol, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine diacetate, chlorhexidine digluconate, chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, dimethyloxazolidine, behentrimonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, cetrimonium chloride, lautrimonium bromide, lautrimonium chloride, steartrimonium bromide, steartrimonium chloride, diazolidinylurea, hexamidine, hexamidine diisethionate, hexamidineparaben, glutaryl, 7-ethylbicyclooxazolidine, chlorphenesin, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, The preservatives may be selected from the group consisting of silver chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, benzalkonium saccharate, benzyl hemiformal, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, biphenyl-2-ol and its salts, zinc pyrithonine, erythorbate, nitrite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), caprylic acid, dilaurylthiodipropiononeo, erythorbic acid, guaiac fat, methylparaben, sulfite, bisulfite, metabisulfite, propyl galatepy, propylparaben, tin chloride, sulfur dioxide, thiodipropionic acid, isothiazolin, parabens, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycol, and tocopherol. In some embodiments according to the first aspect, one or more preservatives may be phenoxyethanol and ethylhexylglycerin. A 90:10 mixture of phenoxyethanol and ethylhexylglycerin is available under the trade name EUXYL® PE9010 from Ashland Global Speciality Chemical Inc., USA.

[0090] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the applicator of the first aspect may have a shelf life of at least one month, more specifically at least three months, and in particular at least six months at ambient temperature. Applicators according to the present disclosure have been found to be particularly stable over long periods of time.

[0091] Manufacturing of applicators In a second aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing an applicator for applying a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant. The method includes applying a temporary tattoo ink onto an adhesive layer provided on a carrier liner to provide a pattern. Furthermore, the method includes attaching a release liner to the adhesive layer, particularly by lamination, such that the release liner has a surface that contacts the adhesive layer and the pattern, the surface may be formed of a film.

[0092] In some embodiments according to the second aspect, the composition may be applied by printing, particularly by inkjet printing.

[0093] In some embodiments of the second aspect, obtaining the applicator may further include a heat treatment, particularly after the application of temporary tattoo ink and before the attachment of the release liner. The heat treatment can dry the ink and reduce the risk of the ink bleeding later, especially when the release liner is attached. Furthermore, the heat treatment may improve the adhesion between the pattern and the adhesive layer.

[0094] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the heat treatment may be carried out at a temperature of about 45°C to about 85°C, more specifically about 55°C to about 75°C, for a duration of about 20 minutes to about 120 minutes, and particularly about 30 minutes to about 60 minutes.

[0095] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the temporary tattoo ink comprises about 30% to about 90% by weight of one or more solvents, about 1% to about 30% by weight of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of transktol, alkyl glycols, or mixtures thereof, and / or about 1% to about 20% by weight of one or more semi-permanent colorants.

[0096] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the semi-permanent colorant may be present in an amount of about 1% to about 20% by weight, more specifically, about 3% to about 15% by weight, and in particular about 5% to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink.

[0097] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain one or more solvents. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the one or more solvents may include one or more polar solvents, and in particular the solvents may be selected from the group of water, ethanol, or mixtures thereof. The solvents may dissolve semi-permanent colorants, such as genipin and / or other components, such as matrix components. The amount of solvent, in particular the solvent, may also be adjusted to adjust the viscosity of the temporary tattoo ink. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the one or more solvents may be present in an amount of about 30% to about 90% by weight, more specifically about 50% to about 85% by weight, and in particular about 65% to about 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the solvents may include water and ethanol, more specifically the ratio of water to ethanol being about 1:1 to about 1:2, and more specifically about 1:1.3 to about 1:1.8. The content of one or more solvents may be relatively low in the final applicator according to the first embodiment. The applicator may be subjected to heat treatment (discussed below), and a significant amount of solvent may evaporate (as described above for one or more compounds). The solvent may also evaporate during storage. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant may contain one or more solvents in an amount of about 0.01% to about 90% by weight, more specifically about 0.05% to about 85% by weight, and especially about 0.1% to about 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern. In some embodiments of the first embodiment, a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant may contain one or more solvents in an amount of about 0.01% to about 9% by weight, more specifically about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, and especially about 0.1% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0098] The temporary tattoo ink may contain one or more additional colorants, in particular one or more temporary colorants. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the additional colorants, in particular temporary colorants, may be present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 1% by weight, more specifically about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink. The one or more additional colorants, in particular one or more temporary colorants, may be selected from those presented for the first aspect.

[0099] Temporary tattoo ink according to a second embodiment can be used to print a pattern onto an applicator. Therefore, in some embodiments of the second embodiment, temporary tattoo ink may be suitable for printing, particularly inkjet printing. In some embodiments of the second embodiment, temporary tattoo ink may be an inkjet printer ink. Temporary tattoo ink may contain additional components that can improve its printability, for example, by adjusting its viscosity and / or surface tension. In some embodiments of the second embodiment, the composition may be configured to have a viscosity of about 1 to about 7 centipoise. In some embodiments of the second embodiment, the composition may be configured to have a viscosity of about 3 to about 6 centipoise at 20°C. In some embodiments of the second embodiment, the composition may be configured to have a surface tension of about 20 to about 35 dynes / cm, more specifically about 25 to about 30 dynes / cm, at 20°C. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain less than 1% by weight, more specifically less than 0.1% by weight, of a gelling agent relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink, or may not contain a gelling agent at all or essentially not. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain less than 1% by weight, more specifically less than 0.1% by weight, of an adhesive relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink, or may not contain an adhesive at all or essentially not. The gelling agent and adhesive may significantly increase the viscosity of the temporary tattoo ink, making it unsuitable for printing, particularly inkjet printing. Viscosity can be measured, for example, using a Brookfield Ametek DVE viscometer, model number DVEELVTJ0, with a UL adapter for viscosities less than 10 centipoise. Surface tension and contact angle can be measured using a crux force tensiometer with the du Nouy ring method according to ASTM D1331-20.

[0100] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain a surfactant. The term “surfactant” is well known and, above all, is attributed to its general meaning in the art. Additionally or alternatively, the term “surfactant” may refer to a substance that tends to reduce the surface tension of the liquid in which it is dissolved. Non-limiting examples of surfactants include alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, soaps, ethoxylates, alkyl alcohols, lignosulfonates, or triglycerides. For example, surfactants may include sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, lauryl sulfate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, dimethyl ether of tetradecylphosphonic acid, lauryl monoethanol, glycerol diester (diglyceride), dodecyl betaine, abietic acid, polyethoxylated octylphenol, 1,2-hexanediol (e.g., OPTIPHEN® HD), and sorbitan monoester. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the surfactant may be a diol, particularly 1,2-hexanediol. The surfactant, particularly 1,2-hexanediol, can reduce the surface tension of the temporary tattoo ink, which can improve the print quality of the ink. Furthermore, the surfactant, particularly 1,2-hexanediol, can improve the skin penetration of the semi-permanent colorant. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the surfactant may be present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 6% by weight, more specifically about 0.5% to about 4% by weight, particularly about 1% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink.

[0101] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain a matrix component, and in particular may contain one of the matrix components presented for the first aspect. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the matrix component may be present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 6% by weight, more specifically about 0.5% to about 4% by weight, and in particular about 1% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink.

[0102] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may further contain one or more preservatives. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the one or more preservatives may be present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink. In some embodiments of the second aspect, the one or more preservatives may be present in an amount of about 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink.

[0103] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain less than 1% by weight, more specifically less than 0.1% by weight, of a gelling agent based on the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink, or may not contain a gelling agent at all or essentially not contain one. In some embodiments of the first aspect, the temporary tattoo ink may contain less than 1% by weight, more specifically less than 0.1% by weight, of an adhesive based on the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink, or may not contain a adhesive at all or essentially not contain one. The gelling agent and adhesive may significantly increase the viscosity of the temporary tattoo ink, making it unsuitable for printing.

[0104] In a third aspect, the disclosure relates to the use of a release liner for preventing or reducing the transfer of a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant onto the release liner, wherein the release liner has a surface that contacts the pattern containing an adhesive layer and a semi-permanent colorant, and the surface is formed of a film. [Examples]

[0105] To evaluate the effect of different liners on the resulting unevenness of semi-permanent tattoos, temporary tattoo inks were prepared. The compositions of the temporary tattoo inks are shown in Table 1 below.

[0106] [Table 1]

[0107] The temporary tattoo ink had a viscosity of 4.06, measured using a Brookfield Ametek DVE viscometer, model number DVEELVTJ0, with a UL adapter for viscosities less than 10 centipoise. The surface tension of 28.58 dynes / cm was measured using a crux force tensiometer with the du Nouy ring method, according to ASTM ASTMD1331-20.

[0108] Preparation of temporary tattoo ink For the temporary tattoo inks listed in Table 1, the solids (genipin and trehalose) were weighed. Genipin was then dissolved in ethanol in a mechanical mixer at 800 rpm until completely dissolved (5-20 minutes) to form the first solution. Trehalose was then dissolved in water in a mechanical mixer at 800 rpm until completely dissolved (5-20 minutes) to form the second solution. The first and second solutions were then mixed together. Transktol, 1,2-hexanediol, Euxyl PE 9010, and Acid Blue 9 were then added. The mixture was then mixed again in a mechanical mixer at 800 rpm for 20 minutes. The resulting mixture was placed on a vacuum filter with a pore size of 1.2 microns and filtered into a sterile glass jar.

[0109] Applicator preparation An applicator was formed by inkjet printing temporary tattoo ink onto a 2-mil rubber-based adhesive layer provided on a (2.9-mil) polyethylene carrier liner. The carrier liner was further supported by an 8-mil polypropylene backing. The temporary tattoo ink was printed onto the adhesive layer in the form of a filled rectangle and in the form of multiple stripes adjacent to the rectangle.

[0110] Next, the applicator was placed on a plate and put into a convection oven. The applicator was heat-treated at 65°C for 45 minutes. After that, the sheet was allowed to cool at room temperature for 2 minutes.

[0111] Subsequently, the release liner was laminated onto the adhesive layer. After lamination, the polypropylene backing layer was peeled off to obtain the final applicator sample. A list of the tested release liners, along with the results of the uniformity test, is shown in Table 3.

[0112] Unevenness test of different peel liners The pattern irregularities after peeling off the release liner were visually evaluated. The release liner was peeled off after storage for at least 15 days. The applicator was stored at 21°C ± 2°C and 30% relative humidity ± 10% relative humidity. The release liner was peeled off the applicator by continuously pulling it upward. Subsequently, the pattern irregularities were analyzed by placing the carrier liner in front of a visible background light. Each composition was tested with three individual applicators. The resulting patterns were evaluated using Table 2 below.

[0113] [Table 2]

[0114] [Table 3] *PCK (Poly-coated Kraft Paper) **SCK (Super Calendar Processed Kraft Paper)**

[0115] As shown above, the film release liner performed better than the paper release liner, whether it was polycoated kraft paper or supercalendered kraft paper. Both solvent-free silicone and UV-curing silicone showed good test results even after long storage periods.

[0116] Correlation between applicator inconsistencies and semi-permanent tattoo inconsistencies. To evaluate the correlation between applicator unevenness and the resulting unevenness of the semi-permanent tattoo, several uneven and even applicators were tested. Photographs of the applicators were taken before application to identify areas of increased unevenness and opacity. The applicators were then applied to the skin for 1 hour. The semi-permanent colorant was then allowed to develop for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the skin was washed with water to remove any remaining Acid Blue 9 dye. The skin was then visually evaluated for unevenness. The results showed that graded uneven applicators exhibited unevenness, while even applicators exhibited low or no unevenness. Furthermore, comparison of the skin with photographs of the applicators taken before application revealed that brighter areas of the semi-permanent tattoo on the skin directly corresponded to areas of increased opacity on the applicators.

[0117] Embodiment While the present invention is defined in the appended claims, it should be understood that the present invention may be further (alternatively) defined according to the following embodiments.

[0118] 1. An applicator for applying a pattern containing a semi-permanent coloring agent, wherein the applicator is Carrier liner and adhesive layer, A pattern provided on and / or within the adhesive layer, comprising a semi-permanent colorant, An applicator comprising: a release liner having a surface that contacts an adhesive layer and a pattern, wherein the surface of the release liner is formed of a film.

[0119] 2. The applicator according to Embodiment 1, wherein the pattern includes multiple spots, the multiple spots having an average maximum diameter of approximately 10 μm to approximately 500 μm, more specifically approximately 50 μm to approximately 250 μm, and in particular approximately 75 μm to approximately 130 μm.

[0120] 3. The applicator according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the average surface roughness of the film is less than 3 μm, more specifically less than 1 μm, and especially less than 500 nm, as measured according to ISO 21920-2:2021.

[0121] 4. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the average surface roughness of the film, as measured according to ISO 21920-2:2021, is approximately 0.5 nm to approximately 500 nm, more specifically approximately 1 nm to approximately 300 nm, and particularly approximately 3 nm to approximately 100 nm.

[0122] 5. An applicator according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the release liner is a film.

[0123] 6. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the film has a thickness of approximately 10 μm to approximately 400 μm, more specifically approximately 80 μm to approximately 250 μm, and particularly approximately 120 μm to approximately 180 μm.

[0124] 7. An applicator according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the carrier liner has a first surface and a second surface, and the adhesive layer is provided on at least about 50%, more specifically at least 70%, and particularly at least 90% of the second surface relative to the entire surface of the second surface.

[0125] 8. An applicator according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the pattern is provided on and / or in less than 95%, more specifically less than 90%, and particularly less than 85%, of the entire surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the carrier liner.

[0126] 9. The applicator according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the release liner is provided over at least about 70%, more specifically at least 90%, of the entire area of ​​the surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the pattern and carrier liner, and in particular completely covers the surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the pattern and carrier liner.

[0127] 10. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the film comprises, is essentially made of, or consists of a polymer, particularly polyethylene terephthalate.

[0128] 11. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the film comprises a silicone coating, more specifically, the silicone coating comprises a non-halogenated silicone or a fluorosilicone, and in particular the silicone coating comprises polydimethylsiloxane.

[0129] 12. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the carrier liner comprises a polymer, more specifically a flexible polymer, in particular polyethylene, which is essentially therein or consists of the same.

[0130] 13. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the carrier liner has a thickness of approximately 10 μm to approximately 300 μm, more specifically approximately 30 μm to approximately 150 μm, and in particular approximately 40 μm to approximately 100 μm.

[0131] 14. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the carrier liner comprises, is essentially, or consists of a water-resistant polymer or a waterproof polymer, in particular a waterproof polymer.

[0132] 15. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the carrier liner is water-resistant or waterproof.

[0133] 16. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0134] 17. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the adhesive layer has a thickness of approximately 5 μm to approximately 200 μm, more specifically approximately 20 μm to approximately 100 μm, and in particular approximately 30 μm to approximately 80 μm.

[0135] 18. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the pattern comprises a matrix component, and in particular the matrix component comprises a polyol, and more specifically a disaccharide, in particular trehalose.

[0136] 19. The applicator according to Embodiment 18, wherein the polyol has a molar mass of at least 100 g / mol, more specifically at least 200 g / mol, and particularly at least 300 g / mol.

[0137] 20. The matrix component according to Embodiment 18 or 19, wherein the matrix component is solid at 0°C, more preferably solid at 20°C, even more specifically solid at 30°C, and particularly solid at 45°C.

[0138] 21. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant contains one or more solvents, more specifically, the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant contains one or more solvents in an amount of about 0.01% to about 90% by weight, more specifically about 0.05% to about 85% by weight, and in particular about 0.1% to about 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0139] 22. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the adhesive layer contains, is essentially, or consists of a rubber adhesive, particularly a styrene copolymer adhesive.

[0140] 23. An applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the semi-permanent coloring agent comprises genipin or a genipin derivative, particularly purified genipin.

[0141] 24. The applicator according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 23, wherein the applicator comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of transktol, alkyl glycol, or mixtures thereof, and more specifically, one or more compounds are selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, or mixtures thereof, and in particular, one or more compounds are pentylene glycol.

[0142] 25. The applicator according to Embodiment 24, wherein one or more compounds are pentylene glycol.

[0143] 26. The applicator according to Embodiment 24 or 25, wherein the pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant comprises one or more compounds in an amount of about 0.01% to about 30% by weight, more specifically about 0.05% to about 25% by weight, and in particular about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pattern.

[0144] 27. A method for manufacturing an applicator for applying a pattern containing a semi-permanent coloring agent, wherein the method is To provide a pattern by applying temporary tattoo ink onto an adhesive layer provided on a carrier liner, A method comprising attaching a release liner, having a surface that contacts an adhesive layer and a pattern, wherein the surface is formed of a film, to the adhesive layer, particularly by lamination.

[0145] 28. The method according to Embodiment 27, wherein the application of temporary tattoo ink is carried out by printing, particularly by inkjet printing.

[0146] 29. The method according to embodiment 27 or 28, wherein obtaining the applicator further includes a heat treatment, particularly after the application of temporary tattoo ink and before attachment to the release liner.

[0147] 30. The method according to Embodiment 29, wherein the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of approximately 45°C to approximately 85°C, particularly approximately 55°C to approximately 75°C, for a duration of approximately 20 minutes to approximately 120 minutes, particularly approximately 30 minutes to approximately 60 minutes.

[0148] 31. Temporary tattoo ink, One or more solvents in an amount of approximately 30% to 90% by weight, Approximately 1% to 30% by weight of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of transktol, alkyl glycol, or mixtures thereof, and / or The method according to any one of embodiments 27 to 30, comprising one or more semi-permanent colorants in an amount of approximately 1% to approximately 20% by weight.

[0149] 32. The method according to any one of Embodiments 27 to 31, wherein the temporary tattoo ink comprises one or more solvents, more specifically polar solvents, in particular, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, or mixtures thereof.

[0150] 33. The method according to Embodiment 32, wherein one or more solvents are present in an amount of about 30% to about 90% by weight, more specifically about 50% to about 85% by weight, and in particular about 65% to about 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink.

[0151] 34. The method according to any one of Embodiments 31 to 33, wherein the solvent comprises water and ethanol, more specifically, the ratio of water to ethanol is about 1:1 to about 1:2, more specifically about 1:1.3 to about 1:1.8.

[0152] 35. The method according to any one of Embodiments 27 to 34, wherein the temporary tattoo ink comprises a matrix component, more specifically, the matrix component is a polyol, and even more specifically, a disaccharide, particularly trehalose.

[0153] 36. The method according to Embodiment 35, wherein the matrix component is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 6% by weight, more specifically about 0.5% to about 4% by weight, and in particular about 1% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the temporary tattoo ink.

[0154] 37. Use of a release liner to prevent or reduce the transfer of a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant onto the release liner, wherein the release liner has a surface that comes into contact with the pattern containing the adhesive layer and the semi-permanent colorant, and the surface is formed of a film.

Claims

1. An applicator for applying a pattern containing a semi-permanent coloring agent, wherein the applicator is Carrier liner and adhesive layer, A pattern provided on and / or within the adhesive layer, comprising a semi-permanent coloring agent, An applicator comprising: a release liner having a surface that contacts the adhesive layer and the pattern, wherein the surface is formed of a film.

2. The applicator according to claim 1, wherein the average surface roughness of the film is less than 3 μm, more specifically less than 1 μm, and particularly less than 500 nm, as measured in accordance with ISO 21920-2:2021.

3. The applicator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pattern includes a plurality of spots, the plurality of spots having an average maximum diameter of about 10 μm to about 500 μm, more specifically about 50 μm to about 250 μm, and in particular about 75 μm to about 130 μm.

4. The applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the release liner is a film.

5. The applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the film has a thickness of about 10 μm to about 400 μm, more specifically about 80 μm to about 250 μm, and particularly about 120 μm to about 180 μm.

6. The applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the carrier liner has a first surface and a second surface, and the adhesive layer is provided on at least about 50%, more specifically at least 70%, and particularly at least 90% of the entire surface of the second surface.

7. The applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pattern is provided on and / or in less than 95%, more specifically less than 90%, and particularly less than 85%, of the entire surface of the adhesive layer facing away from the carrier liner.

8. The applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the carrier liner is water-resistant or waterproof.

9. The applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the film comprises, is essentially made of, or consists of a polymer, particularly polyethylene terephthalate.

10. The applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the film comprises a silicone coating, more specifically a non-halogenated silicone or a fluorosilicone, and in particular the silicone coating comprises polydimethylsiloxane.

11. The applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the semi-permanent coloring agent comprises genipin or a genipin derivative, particularly purified genipin.

12. The applicator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the carrier liner has a thickness of about 10 μm to about 300 μm, more specifically about 30 μm to about 150 μm, and particularly about 40 μm to about 100 μm.

13. A method for manufacturing an applicator for applying a pattern containing a semi-permanent coloring agent, wherein the method is To provide a pattern by applying temporary tattoo ink onto an adhesive layer provided on a carrier liner, A method comprising attaching a release liner having a surface in contact with the adhesive layer and the pattern, wherein the surface is formed of a film, to the adhesive layer, particularly by lamination.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the application of the temporary tattoo ink is carried out by printing, particularly by inkjet printing.

15. Use of a release liner to prevent or reduce the transfer of a pattern containing a semi-permanent colorant onto the release liner, wherein the release liner has a surface that contacts the adhesive layer and the pattern containing the semi-permanent colorant, and the surface is formed of a film.

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