3D solar power generation module

Abstract

A three-dimensional photovoltaic module (2) having a central axis, the three-dimensional photovoltaic module comprising a three-dimensional support structure (3) having a plurality of support surfaces (6) distributed around the central axis, and photovoltaic panels (7) fixed to the three-dimensional support structure (3), each photovoltaic panel (7) being positioned on a corresponding support surface and at least partially covering the corresponding support surface (6), and each photovoltaic panel (7) extending substantially along a corresponding extension plane. The photovoltaic panels (7) comprise a plurality of subassemblies of the photovoltaic panels (7), distributed around the central axis and including two adjacent photovoltaic panels (7), the extension planes of two photovoltaic panels (7) belonging to the same subassembly intersect along corresponding intersection lines that are inclined with respect to the central axis and extend away from the central axis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to solar energy by photovoltaic power generation. More specifically, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional photovoltaic module.

Background Art

[0002] In the field of photovoltaic power generation, generally, in order from above, · An antireflection layer that restricts the reflection of sunlight in the lower semiconductor layer, · A protective glass layer that protects the lower semiconductor layer, · A conductive grid, · An N-type or P-type semiconductor layer, · A P-type or N-type semiconductor layer, and · A base layer, It is known to use a two-dimensional photovoltaic panel generally composed of a stack of several layers.

[0003] The main drawback of this type of photovoltaic panel is the low energy production per square meter. In fact, in a two-dimensional photovoltaic panel, the energy production per square meter is not optimized. , ,

[0006] Furthermore, this type of photovoltaic panel does not produce energy uniformly throughout the day. In fact, this production follows Gauss's law and is maximum when the sun is at its zenith, and decreases for the rest of the day, specifically at the beginning and end of the day. 2 Furthermore, in conventional solutions, it is necessary to orient the photovoltaic panel in the direction optimal for solar radiation, which is not always easy depending on the configuration of the building housing such a photovoltaic panel.

[0004] To overcome such drawbacks,

[0005]

[0006] In order to overcome such drawbacks, A three-dimensional support structure having a pyramidal shape with a square base and four support surfaces, each having a triangular shape, Multiple photovoltaic panels fixed to a three-dimensional support structure, each photovoltaic panel positioned on a corresponding support surface and extending substantially parallel to the corresponding support surface, each photovoltaic panel comprising at least one solar cell and at least partially covering the corresponding support surface, It is known to manufacture three-dimensional photovoltaic modules equipped with [specific features / features].

[0007] Such a configuration of a 3D photovoltaic module makes it possible to increase the area covered by the active material of the solar cell. Therefore, when the sun is at its highest point and the 3D photovoltaic module is positioned on a horizontal plane, it becomes possible to produce more energy per unit area than conventional photovoltaic panels.

[0008] However, throughout the day, the amount of energy produced annually by such a three-dimensional photovoltaic module is not optimal due to the shadows cast by the three-dimensional support structure by the movement of the sun. In addition, for certain periods of the sun's movement, some of the photovoltaic panels do not receive sunlight, creating load resistance that counteracts the energy supplied by the photovoltaic panels that do receive sunlight, further limiting the amount of energy produced annually by such a three-dimensional photovoltaic module.

[0009] Furthermore, when multiple three-dimensional photovoltaic modules of the aforementioned type are assembled together to form a photovoltaic system, each three-dimensional support structure casts shadows, or even darkness, on the photovoltaic panels of adjacent three-dimensional photovoltaic modules due to the movement of the sun, which significantly limits the amount of energy produced annually by such a photovoltaic system. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0010] The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

[0011] Therefore, the fundamental technical challenge of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional solar power generation module that can produce more energy per unit area per year than conventional three-dimensional solar power generation modules.

[0012] For this purpose, the present invention provides a three-dimensional photovoltaic module having a central axis, wherein the three-dimensional photovoltaic module is A three-dimensional support structure having multiple support surfaces distributed around a central axis, • A photovoltaic power generation panel fixed to the three-dimensional support structure, Each solar panel is placed on a corresponding support surface and at least partially covers the corresponding support surface. Each solar panel extends substantially along the corresponding extension plane and contains at least one solar cell. Solar power generation panels and Equipped with, The photovoltaic panel comprises a plurality of subassemblies of the photovoltaic panel, each of which is distributed around the central axis and includes two adjacent photovoltaic panels. The extension planes of the two adjacent solar panels belonging to the same subassembly converge upward, are inclined with respect to the central axis, and intersect each other along corresponding intersecting lines that extend away from the central axis as they extend upward. Regarding 3D solar power generation modules.

[0013] Such different orientations of the solar panels make it possible to maximize the light-receiving surface of the 3D solar module at each point in the sun's movement, thus enabling the capture of a significant amount of solar energy without the need for any moving mechanism configured to change the orientation of the 3D solar module depending on the sun's position.

[0014] In particular, different arrangements of solar panels limit the projection phenomenon of each solar panel onto other solar panels, enabling good light transmission within the three-dimensional solar module.

[0015] Furthermore, considering the arrangement of the solar panels, all solar panels receive sunlight at least partially simultaneously for most of the sun's movement, which ensures more stable energy production throughout the day (especially during the rising and setting phases of the sun), and thus more stable energy production throughout the year as well. The arrangement of the solar panels also makes it possible to produce electricity from earlier in the day to later in the day compared to the three-dimensional solar modules of prior art.

[0016] Furthermore, even when a solar panel is not directly receiving sunlight, it is still possible to capture at least some of the light reflected by other solar panels in the 3D solar module. Finally, even when a solar panel is not receiving sunlight directly or indirectly, this represents only a small fraction of the solar panels belonging to the 3D solar module that are not receiving sunlight.

[0017] Therefore, 3D photovoltaic modules enable the production of more energy per unit area than conventional photovoltaic panels and conventional 3D photovoltaic modules, not only instantaneously but especially throughout the year.

[0018] Furthermore, a three-dimensional solar power generation module may, either alone or in combination, have one or more of the following characteristics:

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the developed surface of the solar power generation panel to the ground surface occupied by the three-dimensional solar power generation module is greater than 3, for example, in the range of 4 - 6, and preferably in the range of 4.5 - 5.5. These arrangements ensure a relatively high energy production per unit area as compared to the energy produced per unit area by the three-dimensional solar power generation modules of the prior art.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the intersecting lines are regularly distributed around the central axis of the three-dimensional solar power generation module.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each solar power generation panel includes an active surface configured to capture photons of incident light rays, and a passive surface configured to be directed towards the corresponding support surface and provided with a negative terminal and a positive terminal.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional solar power generation module includes an electrical connection device configured to be electrically connected to the negative terminal and the positive terminal of the corresponding solar power generation panel respectively. Each support surface is provided with holes and includes at least one through-opening configured to enable an electrical connection between the negative terminal and the positive terminal of the corresponding solar power generation panel and the corresponding electrical connection device.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each electrical connection device includes two electrical connection lines extending through the corresponding opening and connected to the negative terminal and the positive terminal of the corresponding solar power generation panel respectively.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each solar power generation panel extends substantially parallel to the corresponding support surface.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each intersecting line intersects the central axis of the solar power generation module.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the intersecting lines intersect at an intersection substantially located on the central axis of a three-dimensional solar power generation module.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the present invention, all the extension planes of a photovoltaic panel have different orientations from one another.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the two photovoltaic panels of each subassembly define a vertex region, which is distributed, for example, regularly, around a central axis.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the vertex region defined by the photovoltaic panel is equidistant from the central axis.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the central axis of a three-dimensional photovoltaic module is configured to extend substantially vertically when the three-dimensional photovoltaic module is placed on a horizontal plane.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic panels among the plurality of photovoltaic panels are separate from each other and connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0032] According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least one photovoltaic panel, and each of the photovoltaic panels, for example, is flexible.

[0033] According to another embodiment of the present invention, at least one photovoltaic panel, and each of the photovoltaic panels, for example, is rigid.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each photovoltaic panel comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells (groups) connected in parallel and / or in series.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each of the photovoltaic panels is generally triangular in shape.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each photovoltaic panel has a first end extending in the vicinity along a corresponding cross line, a second end located on the opposite side of the central axis, and a third end connecting the corresponding first and second ends.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first ends of two photovoltaic panels belonging to the same subassembly extend parallel to each other in their vicinity.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second end of each solar panel is tilted with respect to the central axis, and as a result, the lower end of the second end is closer to the central axis than the upper end of the second end.

[0039] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each photovoltaic panel is inclined at an angle of inclination of approximately 7°, in the range of 5°-10°, with respect to a corresponding reference plane that is parallel to the central axis and passes through the third end of the photovoltaic panel.

[0040] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first end of each photovoltaic panel is in the range of 35 mm to 55 mm, preferably in the range of 40 mm to 50 mm, and for example, has a length of about 44 mm.

[0041] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second end of each photovoltaic panel is in the range of 55 mm to 75 mm, preferably in the range of 60 mm to 70 mm, and for example, has a length of about 65 mm.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the third end of each photovoltaic panel is in the range of 25 mm to 45 mm, preferably in the range of 30 mm to 40 mm, and for example, has a length of about 34 mm.

[0043] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each of the intersecting lines is inclined at an angle of inclination of approximately 26°, preferably in the range of 20°-30°, with respect to the central axis, within the range of 10°-40°.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the number of support surfaces, specifically the number of photovoltaic panels, is in the range of 6 to 12.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the two photovoltaic panels of each subassembly are substantially symmetrical with respect to the corresponding symmetrical planes passing through the corresponding cross lines.

[0046] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the planes of symmetry of different subassemblies intersect along a line of intersection that substantially coincides with the central axis.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the present invention, adjacent photovoltaic panels belonging to two adjacent subassemblies are positioned opposite each other.

[0048] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the two photovoltaic panels of each subassembly define a triangle, for example, an equilateral triangle, in the top view. In other words, when all points of the two photovoltaic panels belonging to the same subassembly are projected orthogonally onto a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis, a triangular, preferably equilateral, surface is defined.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the first end of each photovoltaic panel to the sides of an equilateral triangle is in the range of 1.7-2.2, preferably in the range of 1.8-2, and for example, in the range of 1.90-1.95.

[0050] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the second end of each photovoltaic panel to the sides of an equilateral triangle is in the range of 2.7–3, preferably in the range of 2.8–2.9, and for example, about 2.86.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the third end of each photovoltaic panel to the sides of an equilateral triangle is in the range of 1.2-1.8, preferably in the range of 1.3-1.7, and more preferably in the range of 1.4-1.6.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the height of the three-dimensional photovoltaic module to the sides of the equilateral triangle is in the range of 2.5-3.5, preferably in the range of 2.8-3.3, and for example, in the range of 3-3.1.

[0053] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a three-dimensional support structure includes a plurality of support elements distributed around a central axis, each support element including a vertex and two support surfaces that are substantially planar and connected to each other along an edge region, the edge region of each support element being inclined with respect to the central axis and moving away from the central axis as it extends toward the vertex of the corresponding support element.

[0054] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first end of each photovoltaic panel extends in its vicinity along the corresponding ridge region.

[0055] According to one embodiment of the present invention, two photovoltaic panels belonging to the same subassembly are respectively positioned on support surfaces provided on the same support element.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the present invention, for each pair of adjacent support elements of a three-dimensional support structure, the adjacent support surfaces of the two adjacent support elements are located on opposite sides of each other.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the present invention, for each pair of adjacent support elements of a three-dimensional support structure, the adjacent support surfaces of the two adjacent support elements are inclined with respect to the central axis of the three-dimensional photovoltaic module and are connected to each other along a connection region that extends downward and moves away from the central axis.

[0058] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each ridge region forms a ridge. Preferably, each ridge is a straight line.

[0059] According to another embodiment of the present invention, each ridge region forms a ridge surface having a width in the range of 1 mm to 1 cm, for example, in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm. Preferably, each ridge surface is substantially planar.

[0060] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the apex of each support element is pointed at the tip.

[0061] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the vertices of each support element are truncated.

[0062] According to another embodiment of the present invention, two photovoltaic panels belonging to the same subassembly protrude beyond the apex of their corresponding support elements.

[0063] According to one embodiment of the present invention, all support surfaces belonging to a three-dimensional support structure have different orientations from one another.

[0064] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the vertices of the support element are distributed around the central axis, for example, regularly distributed.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the vertices of the support elements are equidistant from the central axis. In other words, the vertices of the support elements are arranged on a circle centered on the central axis.

[0066] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ridges intersect at an intersection substantially located on the central axis.

[0067] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each of the ridge regions is inclined at an angle of inclination of approximately 26°, preferably in the range of 20°-30°, with respect to the central axis, within the range of 10°-40°.

[0068] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each of the support surfaces has a generally triangular shape, that is, a truncated triangular shape.

[0069] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the number of support elements is in the range of 3 to 6.

[0070] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the two support surfaces of each support element are symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry passing through the corresponding edge region.

[0071] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the planes of symmetry of the support element intersect along a line of intersection that substantially coincides with the central axis.

[0072] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional photovoltaic module further includes a base, which is located beneath a three-dimensional support structure and at least partially defines an internal housing that at least partially accommodates electrical connection devices, such as electrical connection wires connected to the photovoltaic panel.

[0073] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the base has a polygonal shape, for example, a generally hexagonal shape.

[0074] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional support structure is manufactured as a single unit.

[0075] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the support elements of the three-dimensional support structure are distinct from each other, and the three-dimensional support structure is formed by assembling the support elements.

[0076] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a three-dimensional photovoltaic module includes a protective cover, also called a sealing cover, which covers a photovoltaic panel, and which is made of a light-transmitting material.

[0077] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the protective cover is configured to at least partially seal the internal space located between the solar panels.

[0078] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the protective cover is formed by curing a transparent resin.

[0079] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a three-dimensional photovoltaic module includes an anti-reflective surface coating disposed on the upper surface of a protective cover.

[0080] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface of the protective cover extends substantially perpendicularly with respect to the central axis of the three-dimensional photovoltaic module.

[0081] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the upper surface of the protective cover extends beyond the three-dimensional support structure, for example, beyond the vertices of the support elements.

[0082] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional photovoltaic module has a polygonal, for example, hexagonal cross-sectional shape.

[0083] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional photovoltaic module has a height of 3 cm to 6 cm, for example, about 4 cm. Such a height of the three-dimensional photovoltaic module is particularly selected when the three-dimensional photovoltaic module is intended to be mounted on a sloped roof or a horizontal roof. However, for other applications, the three-dimensional photovoltaic module may have a height much greater than 6 cm, for example when the three-dimensional photovoltaic module is intended to be mounted substantially vertically.

[0084] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a three-dimensional photovoltaic module comprises a main positive terminal to which the positive terminals of all photovoltaic panels are electrically connected, and a main negative terminal to which the negative terminals of all photovoltaic panels are electrically connected.

[0085] The present invention further includes a photovoltaic power generation system comprising a plurality of three-dimensional photovoltaic power generation modules according to the present invention, wherein the three-dimensional photovoltaic power generation modules are arranged adjacent to each other. Preferably, the photovoltaic power generation system extends along an extension plane.

[0086] According to one embodiment of the present invention, for each pair of adjacent three-dimensional photovoltaic modules in a photovoltaic power generation device, the bases of the two adjacent three-dimensional photovoltaic modules are juxtaposed, that is, in contact with each other. Preferably, one side of the base of a three-dimensional photovoltaic module is configured to extend along one side of the base of an adjacent three-dimensional photovoltaic module and to be in contact with that side of the base. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0087] The present invention will be better understood with the help of the following description and reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals correspond to structurally and / or functionally identical or similar elements. [Figure 1] Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a three-dimensional photovoltaic power generation module according to the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a top perspective view of a three-dimensional support structure belonging to the three-dimensional photovoltaic module shown in Figure 1, illustrating how the photovoltaic panels are fixed to the three-dimensional support structure. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is a top view of the three-dimensional support structure of Figure 2, equipped with solar panels. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a schematic side perspective view of the three-dimensional support structure of Figure 2, equipped with solar panels. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0088] In this specification, the term “photovoltaic panel” means a photovoltaic element comprising at least one or more photovoltaic cells (cellule(s) photovoltaique(s)) which are supported by, for example, a flexible or rigid base substrate layer, or not supported by such a base substrate layer.

[0089] Figures 1-4 show a three-dimensional photovoltaic power generation module 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, the three-dimensional photovoltaic power generation module 2 has a central axis A configured to extend vertically when the three-dimensional photovoltaic power generation module 2 is placed on a horizontal plane, and a polygonal, for example, hexagonal cross-sectional shape.

[0090] The three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 includes a three-dimensional support structure 3 which includes a plurality of support elements 4 distributed around a central axis A. Preferably, the number of support elements 4 is in the range of 3 to 6. According to the embodiment shown in the figure, the number of support elements 4 is equal to 6. However, in some modifications of the present invention, the number of support elements 4 may be equal to 3, 4, or 5.

[0091] For example, the three-dimensional support structure 3 may be made as a single unit, or it may be obtained by, for example, 3D printing. However, the three-dimensional support structure 3 can also be obtained by assembling multiple support elements 4 that are separate from each other, that is, formed independently of each other by, for example, 3D printing.

[0092] Each support element 4 includes a vertex 5 and two substantially planar support surfaces 6. As also shown in Figure 3, the vertices 5 of the support elements 4 are evenly distributed around the central axis A and equidistant from the central axis A. In other words, the vertices 5 of the support elements 4 are arranged on a circle centered on the central axis A. According to the embodiment shown in the figure, the vertices 5 of each support element 4 are pointed. However, according to a certain modification of the present invention, the vertices 5 of each support element 4 may be truncated.

[0093] The two support surfaces 6 of each support element 4 are connected to each other along the ridge region. According to the embodiment shown in the figure, each ridge region is a straight ridge Lc. Each ridge Lc of the support element 4 is inclined with respect to the central axis A and moves away from the central axis A as it extends toward the corresponding vertex 5 of the support element 4. Preferably, the ridges Lc intersect at intersections located on the central axis A and are regularly distributed around the central axis A. More specifically, each ridge Lc is inclined with respect to the central axis A at an angle of inclination in the range of 10°-40°, preferably in the range of 20°-30°, for example, an angle of inclination of about 26°.

[0094] However, according to one modification of the present invention, each ridge region may be a substantially planar ridge surface with a width in the range of 1 mm to 1 cm, for example, in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0095] Preferably, all the support surfaces 6 of the support element 4 have different orientations from each other, and each of the support surfaces 6 is generally triangular. However, according to one modification of the present invention, each of the support surfaces 6 may have the shape of a truncated triangle, that is, a triangle in which at least one of the corners is cut off, for example, a triangle in which the corner located on the side of the corresponding vertex 5 is cut off.

[0096] As shown more specifically in Figure 2, for each pair of adjacent support elements 4 of the three-dimensional support structure 3, the adjacent support surfaces 6 of the two adjacent support elements 4 are located on opposite sides of each other. Preferably, for each pair of adjacent support elements 4 of the three-dimensional support structure 3, the adjacent support surfaces 6 of the two adjacent support elements 4 are connected to each other along a connection region Z, which is inclined with respect to the central axis A and moves away from the central axis A as it extends downward.

[0097] According to the embodiment shown in the figure, each support element 4 has a plane of symmetry P passing through the corresponding edge line Lc, and the planes of symmetry P of the support elements 4 intersect along a line of intersection that coincides with the central axis A.

[0098] The three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 further comprises photovoltaic panels 7 fixed to a three-dimensional support structure 3. According to the embodiment shown in the figure, the photovoltaic panels 7 are different from each other and are connected in series and / or in parallel. At least one of the photovoltaic panels 7, for example, each of the photovoltaic panels 7, may be flexible or rigid. Each photovoltaic panel 7 is positioned on a corresponding support surface 6 and extends parallel to the corresponding support surface 6. More specifically, each photovoltaic panel 7 extends substantially along a corresponding extension plane, and all extension planes of the photovoltaic panels 7 have different orientations from each other.

[0099] Preferably, each photovoltaic panel 7 comprises several photovoltaic cells connected in parallel and / or in series, partially or completely covering the corresponding support surface 6. The photovoltaic cells of each photovoltaic panel 7 may be supported, for example, by a base substrate layer.

[0100] Each photovoltaic panel 7 includes an active surface 7.1 configured to capture photons of incident light rays, and a passive surface 7.2 configured to face a corresponding support surface 6 and having a negative terminal and a positive terminal.

[0101] More specifically, the three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 comprises electrical connectors 8, each configured to be electrically connected to the negative and positive terminals of the corresponding photovoltaic panel 7. For this purpose, preferably, each support surface 6 is provided with a through-opening 6.1 (such as a window or notch) configured to allow electrical connection between the negative and positive terminals of the corresponding photovoltaic panel 7 and the corresponding electrical connector 8. According to the embodiment shown in the figure, each electrical connector 8 includes two electrical connection wires 8.1 extending through the corresponding through-opening 6.1 and connected to the negative and positive terminals of the corresponding photovoltaic panel 7, respectively.

[0102] However, according to one modification of the present invention, each electrical connection device 8 may include, for example, a printed circuit board with conductive patterns fixed to a three-dimensional support structure 3 and configured to be electrically connected to the negative and positive terminals of the corresponding photovoltaic panel 7, or it may include conductive patterns directly provided on the three-dimensional support structure 3 (for example, the conductive patterns may be etched and / or printed on the three-dimensional support structure 3).

[0103] Preferably, each photovoltaic panel 7 is generally triangular and has substantially the same dimensions as the dimensions of its respective support surface 6. According to one embodiment of the present invention, each photovoltaic panel 7 has a thickness of about 1 mm.

[0104] The photovoltaic panels 7 are distributed around a central axis A and comprise multiple subassemblies of photovoltaic panels, each containing two adjacent photovoltaic panels 7. Two photovoltaic panels 7 belonging to the same subassembly are positioned on a support surface 6 provided on the same support element 4, and adjacent photovoltaic panels 7 belonging to two adjacent subassemblies are positioned opposite each other.

[0105] The extension planes of two photovoltaic panels 7 belonging to the same subassembly intersect along corresponding intersecting lines Li, which are inclined with respect to the central axis A and move away from the central axis A as they extend upward. Each of the intersecting lines Li is in the range of 10°–40° with respect to the central axis A, preferably in the range of 20°–30°, and is inclined at an angle α of, for example, about 26°. Preferably, the intersecting lines Li are regularly distributed around the central axis A of the three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 and intersect at intersections substantially located on the central axis A of the three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2.

[0106] According to the embodiment shown in the figure, the two photovoltaic panels 7 of each subassembly define a vertex region 12, and the vertex region 12 defined by the photovoltaic panels 7 is regularly distributed around the central axis A and is equidistant from the central axis A.

[0107] Each of the photovoltaic panels 7 includes a first end B1 extending in the vicinity along the corresponding intersecting line Li, a second end B2 located opposite the central axis A and extending to the corresponding vertex region 12, and a third end connecting the corresponding first and second ends. Thus, the first ends B1 of two photovoltaic panels 7 belonging to the same subassembly extend parallel to each other in their respective neighborhoods.

[0108] Preferably, the second end B2 of each photovoltaic panel 7 is inclined with respect to the central axis A, and as a result, the lower end of the second end B2 is closer to the central axis A than the upper end of the second end B2.

[0109] According to the embodiment shown in the figure, the two photovoltaic panels 7 of each subassembly define a triangle, for example, an equilateral triangle, in the top view. In other words, when all points of the two photovoltaic panels 7 belonging to the same subassembly are projected orthogonally onto a reference plane perpendicular to the central axis A, a triangular, preferably equilateral, surface is defined.

[0110] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the unfolded surface of the photovoltaic panel 7 to the ground surface occupied by the three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 is greater than 3, for example, in the range of 4-6, and preferably in the range of 4.5-5.5.

[0111] According to one embodiment of the present invention, The ratio of the first end B1 of each solar panel 7 to the side C of the equilateral triangle (defined by the respective support element 4 in the top view) is in the range of 1.7–2.2, preferably in the range of 1.8–2, and more preferably in the range of 1.90–1.95, for example, equal to about 1.94 or about 1.92. The ratio of the second end B2 of each solar power generation panel 7 to the side C of the aforementioned equilateral triangle is in the range of 2.7-3, preferably in the range of 2.8-2.9, and for example, equal to approximately 2.86. The ratio of the third end B3 of each solar power generation panel 7 to the side C of the aforementioned equilateral triangle is in the range of 1.2-1.8, preferably in the range of 1.3-1.7, and more preferably in the range of 1.4-1.6, for example, equal to about 1.47 or about 1.58. The ratio of the height of the three-dimensional solar power generation module 2 to the side C of the aforementioned equilateral triangle is in the range of 2.5-3.5, preferably in the range of 2.8-3.3, and more preferably in the range of 3-3.1, and is equal to, for example, approximately 3.06.

[0112] Preferably, each photovoltaic panel 7 is parallel to the central axis A and is inclined at an angle of inclination of approximately 7°, within the range of 5°-10°, with respect to a corresponding reference plane that passes through the third end B3 of the photovoltaic panel 7.

[0113] The three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 is located beneath the three-dimensional support structure 3 and also includes a base 9 having a polygonal shape, for example, a roughly hexagonal shape. The base 9 at least partially defines an internal housing 10 in which electrical connection wires 8.1 connected to the photovoltaic panel 7 are at least partially housed.

[0114] The 3D photovoltaic module 2 further includes a main positive terminal to which the positive terminals of all photovoltaic panels 7 are electrically connected, and a main negative terminal to which the negative terminals of all photovoltaic panels 7 are electrically connected.

[0115] As shown in Figure 1, the three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 further includes a protective cover 14, also called a sealing cover, which covers and protects the photovoltaic panels 7. The protective cover 14 is made of a light-transmitting material and is formed, for example, by curing a transparent resin. More specifically, the protective cover 14 is configured to seal the internal space located between the photovoltaic panels 7.

[0116] According to the embodiment shown in the figure, the protective cover 14 includes an upper surface that extends beyond the vertex 5 of the support element 4 and extends perpendicularly to the central axis A. Preferably, the protective cover 14 is configured such that the three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 has a generally prism shape, and each of the bases of the three-dimensional photovoltaic module has a generally hexagonal shape.

[0117] The three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 also includes an anti-reflective surface coating 15 placed on the upper surface of the protective cover 14. However, if the protective cover 14 is made of a material with anti-reflective properties, the three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 does not need to have the anti-reflective surface coating 15.

[0118] According to one embodiment of the present invention not shown in the figures, the vertices 5 of each support element 4 may be truncated, and two photovoltaic panels 7 belonging to the same subassembly may protrude beyond the vertices 5 of the corresponding support elements 4.

[0119] Several three-dimensional photovoltaic modules 2 according to the present invention can be assembled to form a photovoltaic device having an external shape similar to that of a conventional photovoltaic panel by extending along an extension plane. For this purpose, the three-dimensional photovoltaic modules 2 are arranged adjacent to each other and connected in series and / or in parallel by connecting their main positive terminals and main negative terminals. Preferably, for each pair of adjacent three-dimensional photovoltaic modules 2 in the photovoltaic device, the bases 9 of the two adjacent three-dimensional photovoltaic modules 2 are juxtaposed, i.e., in contact with each other, along their adjacent sides. Preferably, such a photovoltaic device includes a support or support frame that defines the section in which the different three-dimensional photovoltaic modules 2 are arranged.

[0120] The fact that the base 9 of each three-dimensional photovoltaic module 2 has a hexagonal shape preferably allows for an optimized network arrangement of the different three-dimensional photovoltaic modules 2 of the photovoltaic system.

[0121] The photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention can be installed in more locations than photovoltaic power generation systems formed by prior art three-dimensional photovoltaic modules, and has fewer constraints on direction and inclination. In particular, the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention can be installed on east-facing, south-facing, or west-facing sloping roofs, horizontal roofs without additional supports, or on the ground, or on east-facing, south-facing, or west-facing facades (and thus substantially vertically), that is, it can be installed as a replacement for all existing photovoltaic power generation systems coated with photovoltaic materials having the same technical properties and having at least three times the annual power generation for the same surface area.

[0122] The photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention can be installed on all existing and future modes of transport. This is because such a photovoltaic power generation system has an annual energy output at least three times that of a prior art photovoltaic power generation system coated with a photovoltaic material having the same technical properties, and overcomes most directional constraints.

[0123] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated, which have been presented merely as examples. Modifications are still possible without departing from the scope of the invention, particularly in terms of the configuration of various elements or by substitution with technical equivalents.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional photovoltaic power generation module (2) having a central axis (A), wherein the three-dimensional photovoltaic power generation module (2) is A three-dimensional support structure (3) having a plurality of support surfaces (6) distributed around the central axis (A), A solar power generation panel (7) fixed to the three-dimensional support structure (3), Each solar power generation panel (7) is placed on a corresponding support surface (6) and covers the corresponding support surface (6) at least partially. Each solar panel (7) extends substantially along the corresponding extension plane and includes at least one solar cell. Solar power generation panel (7) and Equipped with, The photovoltaic panels (7) are distributed around the central axis (A) and include a plurality of subassemblies of the photovoltaic panels (7), each including two adjacent photovoltaic panels (7). The extension planes of the two adjacent solar panels (7) belonging to the same subassembly converge upward, are inclined with respect to the central axis (A), and intersect each other along corresponding intersection lines (Li) that move away from the central axis (A) as they extend upward. Three-dimensional solar power generation module (2).

2. Each solar power panel (7) includes an active surface (7.1) configured to capture photons of incident light rays, and a passive surface (7.2) configured to be oriented to face a corresponding support surface (6) and having a negative terminal and a positive terminal. The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to claim 1.

3. The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) includes electrical connection devices (8) which are configured to be electrically connected to the negative terminal and positive terminal of the corresponding solar power generation panel (7), Each support surface (6) is provided with at least one through-opening (6.1) configured to allow electrical connection between the negative and positive terminals of the corresponding photovoltaic panel (7) and the corresponding electrical connection device (8). The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to claim 2.

4. Each electrical connection device (8) includes two electrical connection wires (8.1) that extend through the corresponding opening (6.1) and are connected to the negative and positive terminals of the corresponding photovoltaic panel (7), The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to claim 3.

5. The three-dimensional photovoltaic module (2) is positioned below the three-dimensional support structure (3) and further includes a base (9) that at least partially defines an internal housing (10) in which the electrical connection device (8) is at least partially housed. The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to claim 3 or 4.

6. The base (9) has a polygonal shape, The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to claim 5.

7. The aforementioned intersection lines (Li) intersect each other at intersections substantially located on the central axis (A) of the three-dimensional solar power generation module (2). A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The solar power generation panel (7) has extension planes that are oriented in different directions from each other. A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The two solar panels (7) of each subassembly define a vertex region (12), and the vertex region (12) is distributed around the central axis (A). A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Each of the aforementioned solar power generation panels (7) is triangular. A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. Each of the aforementioned solar power generation panels (7) is Along the corresponding crossing line (Li), the first end (B1) extends in its vicinity, The second end (B2) is located on the opposite side of the central axis (A), A third end (B3) connecting the corresponding first end (B1) and second end (B2), Having, The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to claim 10.

12. Each of the aforementioned intersecting lines (Li) is inclined at an angle of inclination in the range of 10°–40° with respect to the central axis (A). A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The number of the aforementioned support surfaces (6) is in the range of 6-12. A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The two photovoltaic panels (7) of each subassembly are substantially symmetric with respect to the corresponding plane of symmetry passing through the corresponding cross line (Li). A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. The adjacent solar panels (7) belonging to two adjacent subassemblies are located on opposite sides of each other. A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. The three-dimensional support structure (3) includes a plurality of support elements (4) distributed with respect to the central axis (A), Each support element (4) includes a vertex (5) and two support surfaces (6) that are substantially planar and connected to each other along the edge region. Each of the edge regions of the support element (4) is tilted with respect to the central axis (A), and as it extends toward the vertex (5) of the corresponding support element (4), it moves away from the central axis (A). A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) includes a protective cover that covers the solar power generation panel (7), The protective cover is made of a light-transmitting material. A three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) includes an anti-reflective surface coating provided on the upper surface of the protective cover. The three-dimensional solar power generation module (2) according to claim 17.

19. A solar power generation device comprising a plurality of three-dimensional solar power generation modules according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the three-dimensional solar power generation modules are arranged adjacent to each other. Solar power generation equipment.

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