Biasing element, and its manufacturing method and use method.

Abstract

A biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the inner radius IR and outer radius OR are defined, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A biasing element, including the biasing element body, having a bias of >0.55 and an adjustment range of less than 5 mm.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to biasing elements, and more particularly to small biasing elements, as well as methods for manufacturing and using the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Biasing elements (e.g., springs) are used in multiple applications, including but not limited to sealing applications, to provide appropriate loads to adjacent components. Seals are used in environments to separate fluids (liquids, gases, slurries, etc.) from one another. Under pressure conditions, current biasing elements may lack the desired load range and design customization and flexibility under desired conditions in applications such as seals. Furthermore, achieving sizing is difficult for biasing elements at or below the microscale, which can exacerbate the aforementioned difficulties. Therefore, industry continues to demand improved biasing elements for desired conditions, load ranges, and sizing in numerous applications. [Overview of the project]

[0003] Embodiments of the present invention include a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the inner radius IR and outer radius OR are defined, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The bias is >0.55, the adjustment range is less than 5 mm, and it may include a biasing element body or a biasing element.

[0004] An embodiment of the present invention is a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, defining an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defining an adjustment width W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and the outer radius determining an average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defining an aspect ratio W / R, where W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body having a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius IR and having an outer circumference P on the inner radius IR such that L IR / P IR > 0.74, and having a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius OR and having an outer circumference P on the outer radius OR such that L OR / P OR > 0.38 and the adjustment width is less than 5 mm. The biasing element may include the biasing element body

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention includes an annular jacket portion including a body defining an annular recess, and a biasing element disposed within the annular recess, the biasing element being a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, defining an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defining an adjustment width W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and the outer radius determining an average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defining an aspect ratio W / R, where W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body having a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius IR and having an outer circumference P on the inner radius IR such that L IR / P IR > 0.80, and having a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius OR and having an outer circumference P on the outer radius OR such that L OR / P OR > 0.55 and the adjustment width is less than 5 mm. The seal may include the biasing element including the biasing element body

[0006] Embodiments of the present invention include an annular jacket portion including a body defining an annular recess, and a biasing element disposed within the annular recess, the biasing element body being oriented around a central axis, defining an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defining the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determining the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defining an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body having a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The biasing element may include a seal, which includes a biasing element body, and which has a biasing element value of >0.38 and an adjustment range of less than 5 mm.

[0007] Embodiments of the present invention include the steps of providing a filament and manipulating the filament to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R such that W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The method may include a process in which the value is >0.55 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0008] Embodiments of the present invention include the steps of providing a filament and manipulating the filament to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R such that W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The method may include a process in which the value is >0.38 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] The embodiments are shown as examples and are not intended to be limited to the accompanying drawings.

[0010] [Figure 1] Includes a cross-sectional perspective view of a seal including a biasing element according to one embodiment. [Figure 2A1] Includes a top view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. [Figure 2A2] The image includes a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. [Figure 2B1] Includes a top view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. [Figure 2B2] The image includes a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. [Figure 2B3] The following includes side perspective views of exemplary biasing elements according to several embodiments. [Figure 2C] Includes a top perspective view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. [Figure 2D]Includes a top perspective view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. [Figure 2E] Includes a top perspective view of a biasing element according to several embodiments. [Figure 2F] The diagram includes side cross-sectional views of biasing elements according to several embodiments. [Figure 2G] The diagram includes cross-sectional views of biasing elements according to several embodiments. [Figure 2H] The diagram includes perspective views of biasing elements according to several embodiments. [Figure 2I] Includes plan views of biasing elements according to several embodiments. [Figure 2J] Includes plan views of biasing elements according to several embodiments. [Figure 2K] Includes plan views of biasing elements according to several embodiments. [Figure 3] This includes a graphical representation of the linear contact range on the inner radius HIR and outer radius HOR as a function of the spring aspect ratio AR of several embodiments of biasing elements, compared with biasing elements of the prior art. [Figure 4A] This includes a photograph of a conventional biasing element that contacts adjacent components along its inner and outer circumference. [Figure 4B] The images include photographs of biasing elements according to several embodiments, which contact adjacent components along their inner and outer circumferences.

[0011] Those skilled in the art will understand that the elements in the figures are illustrated for simplification and clarity and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to others to help improve the understanding of embodiments of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] The following description, combined with the drawings, is provided to aid in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The following discussion focuses on specific embodiments and forms of the teachings. This focus is provided to help illustrate the teachings and should not be construed as a limitation on the scope or applicability of the teachings. However, other embodiments may be used based on the teachings disclosed in this application.

[0013] The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” or any other variations thereof, are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of features is not necessarily limited to those features alone, but may include other features not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such method, article, or apparatus. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, “or” refers to an inclusive or not an exclusive or. For example, condition A or B is satisfied by one of the following: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist), A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists), and both A and B are true (or exist).

[0014] Furthermore, the use of "a" or "an" is used to describe elements and components described herein. This is done simply for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description should be understood as one, at least one, or singular including plural, or vice versa, unless it is clear that otherwise. For example, where a single article is described herein, two or more articles may be used instead of a single article. Similarly, where two or more articles are described herein, those two or more articles may be replaced with a single article.

[0015] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative and not intended to be limiting. Many details relating to specific materials and processing procedures, beyond what is described herein, are conventional and can be found in textbooks and other sources in the art of biasing elements.

[0016] Figure 1 shows a seal including a biasing element according to one embodiment. Referring to Figure 1, the seal 100 may generally include a jacket portion 102 and a biasing element 104. The jacket portion 102 may include tabs 106 and 108 defining a recess 110. The biasing element 104 may be located within the recess 110, such as being partially or entirely within the recess 110. In one embodiment, at least one of the tabs 106 and 108 may include a distal flange 112 extending toward the recess 110. The distal flange 112 may prevent the biasing element 104 from disengaging from the recess 110. Any of these components may be formed in an annular orientation. Figure 1 shows the seal 100 in an axial orientation, but the seal 100 can be oriented in any potential orientation, including radial or surface sealing orientations. As described herein, the biasing element 104 may be used in sealing applications, but is not necessarily limited to sealing applications.

[0017] According to a particular embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the seal 100 may be used between an inner component 114 and an outer component 116, such as a shaft and a bore. More specifically, the seal 100 may be located within an annular portion formed by a region within the bore of the outer component 116 and the outer surface of the inner component 114. In a particular embodiment, the inner component 114 may be longitudinally translated (e.g., reciprocating) relative to the outer component 116. In other embodiments, the inner component 114 may rotate relative to the outer component 116. Alternatively, in a particular embodiment, the outer component 116 may be longitudinally translated (e.g., reciprocating) relative to the inner component 114. In other embodiments, the outer component 116 may rotate relative to the inner component 114. The seal 100 can prevent or reduce the entry or exit of one or more fluid components from a first side of the seal to a second side on the opposite side.

[0018] In some embodiments, the seal 100 (or any of its components) may have a radial tolerance of at least 0.1 mm, for example, at least 0.2 mm, at least 0.3 mm, at least 0.4 mm, at least 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 2 mm, at least 3 mm, at least 4 mm, or even at least 5 mm. As used herein, “radial tolerance” refers to the ability of the seal to absorb manufacturing and installation tolerances between the shaft and the bore (or internal and external components). Conventional seals require precise machining and manufacturing tolerances (specifically, axially relative to the seal) and therefore cannot absorb tolerances; they are therefore easily deformed and not adapted to accommodate unexpected manufacturing and installation tolerances.

[0019] The biasing element 104 may include a biasing element body 105 adapted to provide an outward biasing force in at least one outwardly oriented direction, such as toward at least one of the tabs 106 and 108. In some embodiments, the biasing element 104 may provide a radial biasing force of 0.01 N / mm to 1000 N / mm to the jacket portion.

[0020] In one embodiment, as will be described in more detail below, the biasing element 104 may have an O-shaped or at least partially circular cross-sectional profile in the axial direction. In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may have an oval cross-sectional profile in the axial direction. In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may have a polygonal cross-sectional profile in the axial direction. In another embodiment, the biasing element 104 may have a cross-sectional profile in the axial direction selected from D-shaped, U-shaped, V-shaped, or C-shaped, as will be described in more detail below. In a particular embodiment, the biasing element 104 may have a cantilever profile such that the surface of the biasing element 104 extends adjacent to at least one of the tabs 106 or 108. The cantilever portion of the biasing element 104 may bias the tabs 106 and 108 outward so as to move away from each other.

[0021] In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may extend over at least a portion of the entire circumference of the seal 100. In a more specific embodiment, the biasing element 104 may have uniform shape and material properties over the entire circumference of the seal 100. In another more specific embodiment, the biasing element 104 may have various shapes or material choices around the circumference of the seal 100. In yet another embodiment, the biasing element 104 may extend around only a portion of the circumference of the seal 100. In some embodiments, the biasing element 104 may extend over the entire circumference of the seal 100. In some embodiments, the biasing element 104 may not be welded. In a more specific embodiment, the biasing element 104 may comprise a plurality of biasing elements 104 that are at least partially spaced apart from each other. In such embodiments, there may be circumferential space between adjacent biasing elements 104. Any embodiment of the biasing element 104 described herein may be contained within the jacket portion 102 of the seal 100, and it is intended herein that at least one other biasing element of any of the embodiments of the biasing element 104 listed herein may be in any orientation within the jacket portion 102 of the seal 100.

[0022] In some embodiments, the biasing element 104 may include a body 105 containing a filament 107. The filament 107 may be an annular filament oriented around a central axis 150, as will be described in more detail below. The filament 107 may include a plurality of vibrating sections generally oriented downward from the central axis 150, as will be described in more detail below. In some embodiments, the filament 107 may be a wire. The wire may have a rectangular, square, circular, elliptical, or keystone cross-section. In some embodiments, the filament 107 may have an arc-shaped cross-section. The filament 107 may be wound at a pitch of 0.025 mm to 25.4 mm, for example, 0.05 mm to 10 mm. The filament 107 may have a filament diameter of 0.01 mm to 25.4 mm, for example, 0.05 mm to 5 mm. The filament 107 may have a biasing element diameter of 0.05 mm to 5000 mm, for example, 0.1 mm to 3000 mm. The biasing element 104 may have a spring load of 0.01 N / mm to 20 N / mm, for example 0.5 N / mm to 15 N / mm, for example 1 N / mm to 10 N / mm, or for example 2.5 N / mm to 7.5 N / mm.

[0023] In some embodiments, the filament 107 may be coiled or wound so as to form a substantially O-shaped cross-section in the axial direction. In yet another case, the biasing element 104 may include a ribbon wound so as to form a substantially O-shaped cross-section in the axial direction, as will be shown in more detail below. In certain embodiments, the ribbon may have two main surfaces spaced apart by a certain thickness. The ribbon may have defined length, width, and thickness, where the length is greater than the width and the width is greater than the thickness. The ribbon may be wound such that adjacent coils partially overlap each other radially, such as by at least 10%, at least 20%, or at least 30%, or so that adjacent coils do not overlap radially. Before installation, the biasing element 104 may have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the recess 110. That is, in one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may be oversized relative to the recess 110.

[0024] In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may float relative to the jacket portion 102. More specifically, the biasing element 104 may move freely relative to the recess 110. In another embodiment, the biasing element 104 may be connected to the jacket portion 102 by means of, for example, an adhesive, mechanical deformation of one or both the jacket portion 102 and the biasing element 104, threaded or unthreaded fasteners, or by embedding the biasing element 104 at least partially within the jacket portion 102. In one embodiment, the end of the biasing element 104 may be sealed within the jacket portion 102 to prevent the biasing element 104 from detaching from the jacket portion 102. In embodiments utilizing an adhesive, an adhesive layer (not shown) may be placed between at least a portion of the biasing element 104 and the jacket portion 102. The adhesive layer may include a hot melt adhesive. Examples of adhesives that can be used include fluoropolymers, epoxy resins, polyimide resins, polyether / polyamide copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), ETFE copolymers, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), or any combination thereof. In addition, the adhesive may contain at least one functional group selected from -C=O, -COR, -COH, -COOH, -COOR, -CF2=CF-OR, or any combination thereof, where R is a cyclic or linear organic group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In addition, the adhesive may contain copolymers.

[0025] In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may be formed from any suitable material recognized by those skilled in the art. In non-limiting examples, the biasing element 104 may include polymers, ceramics, metals, alloys, or combinations thereof. In certain cases, the biasing element 104 may have a wound design. For example, the inner portion of the biasing element 104 may contain a first material different from the material of the outer portion of the biasing element 104. The outer portion may be wound around all or part of the inner portion. In certain embodiments, the biasing element 104 may contain a metal. In certain embodiments, the metal may be coated or surface-treated to prevent corrosion or other undesirable effects from environmental exposure. Exemplary metals include steel, spring steel, stainless steel, bronze, copper, Monel, Inconel, Elgiloy, Hastelloy, and oil-tempered chrome silicon or vanadium. In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may include molybdenum, cobalt, iron, chromium, copper, manganese, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, Monel, oil-tempered chromium silicon, vanadium, carbon, tungsten, alloys thereof, or any combination thereof. In a particular embodiment, the biasing element 104 includes stainless steel such as 301 stainless steel, 302 / 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, or 17-7 stainless steel. In a particular embodiment, the biasing element 104 may at least partially include, or even essentially consist of, steel, or more specifically, a metal such as biasing element steel. In another particular embodiment, the biasing element 104 may at least partially include, or even essentially consist of, for example, Elgiloy, Inconel, Hastelloy, or a combination thereof. In yet another particular embodiment, the biasing element 104 may include cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, manganese, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the biasing element 104 may contain at least 10% by weight of cobalt, for example, at least 20% by weight of cobalt, at least 25% by weight of cobalt, at least 30% by weight of cobalt, at least 35% by weight of cobalt, or at least 40% by weight of cobalt.

[0026] In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 is made of polyketone, polyaramid, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyamide-imide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, fluoropolymer, polybenzimidazole, polyacetal, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polysulfone, polyamide (PA), polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyurethane, polyester, or liquid crystal polymer. The biasing element 104 may include polymers (LCP), or polymers selected from the group including any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the biasing element 104 may include, for example, at least partially, or even consist of fluoropolymers.Exemplary fluoropolymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polyamide-imide (PAI), fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride (THV) copolymers, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) copolymer, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) copolymer, or any combination thereof. Other fluoropolymers, polymers, and blends may be included in the composition of jacket portion 100. In another specific embodiment, the jacket portion 100 may at least partially contain, or even be essentially composed of, polyethylene (PE), such as ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).

[0027] In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may include a ceramic selected from the group including glass filler, silica, clay mica, kaolin, lithium soap, graphite, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon nitride, tungsten carbide, or diamond-like carbon. The biasing element 104 may be an oxide or non-oxide ceramic.

[0028] In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may have a diameter less than 150% of the depth of the annular recess 106, for example, less than 100% of the depth of the annular recess 106, or less than 75% of the depth of the annular recess 106. In one embodiment, the diameter of the biasing element 104 may be 10% or more of the depth of the annular recess 106.

[0029] As intended in at least one embodiment described herein, the biasing element 104 may include a length of material formed into a helical biasing element having a plurality of coils, as will be described in more detail below. In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may include at least two coils, for example, at least three coils, at least four coils, at least five coils, at least ten coils, at least 100 coils, at least 200 coils, at least 300 coils, at least 400 coils, at least 500 coils, and even at least 1000 coils. The length of the material forming the biasing element 104 may have a polygonal or elliptical cross-section. For example, in one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may be formed from a circular wire. In another embodiment, the biasing element 104 may be formed from a ribbon of material wound into a plurality of coils. The coils of the biasing element 104 may be adjacent to each other or partially overlap. In certain cases, the coils may be parallel to each other. In other cases, the coils may be inclined relative to each other. In other words, the coils can be angularly offset and angled relative to each other.

[0030] In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 has a length L from the first axial end 104a to the second axial end 104b of the biasing element 104. S The biasing element 104 may have a length L of at least 0.1 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, or at least 500 mm. S The biasing element 104 may have a length L of 1500 mm or less, or 1000 mm or less.S It may have a biasing element 104 with a length L of 0.3 mm to 6 mm. In some embodiments, the biasing element 104 has a length L of 0.3 mm to 6 mm. S It may have a length L of any value between the minimum and maximum values ​​above. The biasing element 104 may have a length L of any value between the minimum and maximum values ​​above. S It will be further understood that the biasing element 104 may have a length L that can vary along its circumference. S It can be understood that it may have

[0031] In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 has a width W from the first radial end 104c to the second radial end 104d of the biasing element 104. S The biasing element 104 may have a width W of at least 0.1 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, and at least 500 mm. S It may have a width W of 1500 mm or less, or 1000 mm or less. S It may have a width W of 0.3 mm to 6 mm. In some embodiments, the biasing element 104 has a width W of 0.3 mm to 6 mm. S It may have a width W which can be any value between the minimum and maximum values ​​of the above. S It will be further understood that the biasing element 104 may have a width W that can change along its circumference. S It can be understood that it may have

[0032] Figures 2A1 to 2K include diagrams of exemplary biasing elements according to several embodiments. In some embodiments, as described above, the biasing element 204 may include a biasing element body 205 containing a filament 207. The filament 207 may be annular and may be oriented around a central axis 250. Figure 2A1 includes a top view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. Figure 2A2 includes a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. Figure 2B1 includes a top view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. Figure 2B2 includes a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. Figure 2B3 includes a side perspective view of an exemplary biasing element according to several embodiments. As shown in Figures 2A1 to 2A2, the filament 207 may be coiled or wound to form a circumferential ribbon spring having a plurality of circumferential coils oriented around a central axis 250. As shown in Figures 2A1 to 2A2, the ribbon may have a varying width and form a corrugated shape. Alternatively, as shown in Figures 2B1 to 2B3, the filament 207 may have a U-shaped spring and a plurality of tabs 210 oriented circumferentially around a central axis 250. Furthermore, the tabs 210 may have polygonal, arcuate, oval, elliptical, or circular cross-sectional shapes, or a combination thereof. The plurality of tabs may include at least one tab 210a oriented axially along the inner circumference of the biasing element 204. The plurality of tabs may include at least one tab 210b oriented axially along the outer circumference of the biasing element 204. As shown in Figures 2B1 to 2B2, the tabs may be discrete in the circumferential direction. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2B3, the tabs may form a continuous circumferential surface. In some embodiments, at least one of the tabs 210 may have an axially arcuate shape. In some embodiments, at least one of the tabs 210 may have an axially arcuate cross-section oriented radially inward. In some embodiments, at least one of the tabs 210 may include an arc-shaped cross-section oriented radially outward in the axial direction.

[0033] As shown in Figures 2A1 to 2B3, the biasing element body 205 may include an inner radius IR, which is defined herein as the innermost point of the biasing element body 205 with respect to the central axis 250. As shown in Figures 2A1 to 2B3, the biasing element body 205 may also include an inner radius OR, which is defined herein as the outermost point of the biasing element body 205 with respect to the central axis 250. The biasing element body 205 may define an average radius R, which is defined as the average between the inner radius and the outer radius (i.e., R = (IR + OR) / 2). Furthermore, the biasing element body 205 may define an adjustment range W, which is the difference between the inner radius and the outer radius (i.e., W = OR - IR). In one embodiment, the biasing element 104 may have an adjustment range W of at least 0.1 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 25 mm, at least 50 mm, at least 75 mm, at least 100 mm, at least 150 mm, at least 250 mm, or at least 500 mm. The biasing element 104 may have an adjustment range W of 1500 mm or less, or 1000 mm or less. In some embodiments, the biasing element 104 may have an adjustment range W of 0.3 mm to 6 mm. It will be further understood that the biasing element 104 may have an adjustment range W that is any value between any of the above minimum and maximum values. It will also be understood that the biasing element 104 may have an adjustment range W that can vary along its circumference.

[0034] Furthermore, the biasing element body 205 may define an aspect ratio AR, which is defined herein as the adjustment range divided by the average radius (i.e., AR = W / R). The aspect ratio of the biasing element body 205 may be at least 0.1, at least 0.2, at least 0.3, at least 0.4, at least 0.5, at least 0.6, at least 0.7, at least 0.8, at least 0.9, at least 0.95, or even at least 0.99. The aspect ratio of the biasing element body 205 may be 0.99 or less, 0.95 or less, 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or 0.1 or less.

[0035] Furthermore, the biasing element body 205 has an inner radius circumference P along the inner radius. IR It may be defined as (i.e., P IR =2π*(R-1 / 2*W). Furthermore, the biasing element body 205 has a maximum linear contact length L along the inner radius with adjacent components. IR The maximum linear contact range H between the inner coil and adjacent components along the inner radius can be defined (i.e., the measured sum of the contact lengths between the inner coil and adjacent components along the inner radius, as shown in Figure 2A1). From these two variables, the maximum linear contact range H between adjacent components along the inner radius can be defined. IR This can be calculated by dividing the maximum linear contact length along the inner radius by the circumference of the inner radius (i.e., H IR =L IR / P IR ). Maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along the inner radius. IR This may be at least 0.1, at least 0.2, at least 0.3, at least 0.4, at least 0.5, at least 0.6, at least 0.7, at least 0.8, at least 0.9, at least 0.95, or even at least 0.99. Maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along the inner radius IR This may be 0.99 or less, 0.95 or less, 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or 0.1 or less. Furthermore, the biasing element body 205 has an outer radius circumference P along the outer radius. OR It may be defined as (i.e., P OR =2π*(R+1 / 2*W)). Furthermore, the biasing element body 205 has a maximum linear contact length L along the outer radius with adjacent components. OR The maximum linear contact range H between the inner coil and adjacent components along the outer radius can be defined (i.e., the measured sum of the contact lengths between the inner coil and adjacent components along the circumference of the inner radius, as shown in Figure 2A1). From these two variables, the maximum linear contact range H between adjacent components along the outer radius can be defined. IR This can be calculated by dividing the maximum linear contact length along the outer radius by the inner and outer circumference (i.e., H OR =L OR / P OR ). Maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along the outer radius.OR This may be at least 0.1, at least 0.2, at least 0.3, at least 0.4, at least 0.5, at least 0.6, at least 0.7, at least 0.8, at least 0.9, at least 0.95, or even at least 0.99. Maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along the outer radius OR It may be 0.99 or less, 0.95 or less, 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or 0.1 or less.

[0036] Figure 3 shows the inner radius H as a function of the spring aspect ratio AR of several embodiments of biasing elements, compared to a biasing element of the conventional technology. IR and outer radius H OR The above includes a graphical representation of the linear contact range. As shown in Figure 3, a higher linear contact range on the inner and outer radii is desirable, and embodiments herein have a higher linear contact range as the aspect ratio increases. In other words, the linear contact range H on the inner and outer radii is desirable. IR H OR The line is above the line of the biasing element according to the embodiments herein, and below the line of the biasing element of the prior art. As a non-limiting example, the biasing elements of the embodiments herein shown in Figures 2A1-2A2 can be made from ribbons of varying widths, enabling a predetermined linear contact range that is not achievable, at least in part, with the prior art biasing elements. Furthermore, as a non-limiting example, the biasing elements of the embodiments herein shown in Figures 2B1-2B2 cannot be manufactured so that multiple tabs do not overlap when the element is flattened, enabling a predetermined linear contact range that is not achievable, at least in part, with the prior art biasing elements made from a flat metal sheet.

[0037] In some embodiments, when the aspect ratio AR is greater than 0.1, the biasing element according to the embodiments herein achieves a maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along the inner radius greater than 0.8, such as 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, or even 0.99, which cannot be achieved by biasing elements of the prior art. IRThis can be achieved. In some embodiments, when the aspect ratio AR is greater than 0.1, the biasing element according to the embodiments herein can achieve an outer radius H greater than 0.55, such as greater than 0.6, greater than 0.65, greater than 0.7, greater than 0.72, greater than 0.75, or even greater than 0.8, which cannot be achieved by the biasing elements of the prior art. OR The maximum linear contact range with adjacent components along the line can be achieved.

[0038] In some embodiments, when the aspect ratio AR is greater than 0.2, the biasing element according to the embodiments herein achieves a maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along the inner radius greater than 0.7, such as greater than 0.74, greater than 0.8, greater than 0.81, or even greater than 0.85, which cannot be achieved by biasing elements of the prior art. IR This can be achieved. In some embodiments, when the aspect ratio AR is greater than 0.2, the biasing element according to the embodiments herein can achieve an outer radius H greater than 0.3, such as greater than 0.38, greater than 0.4, greater than 0.45, greater than 0.5, greater than 0.6, or even greater than 0.7, which cannot be achieved by the biasing elements of the prior art. OR The maximum linear contact range with adjacent components along the line can be achieved.

[0039] Referring back to Figures 2A1 to 2K, the figures include exemplary top perspective views of biasing elements according to several embodiments. In some embodiments, the filaments 207 of the biasing element body 205 may include at least one and / or more vibrating portions 209 generally oriented around a central axis 250. The vibrating portions 209 can be defined as paths along which the filaments 207 travel from one cross section of a line 275 perpendicular to the central axis 205 and circumferentially oriented at a fixed point of the filament 207 to adjacent cross sections of a line 275 perpendicular to the central axis 250 and circumferentially oriented at an adjacent point of the filament 207 of the biasing element 204. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the filaments 207 may be discrete, forming a circumferential gap between a first circumferential end 212a and a second circumferential end 212b within the biasing element body 205. As shown in Figure 2C, the biasing element 204 may have a circumferential U-shape. The embodiment in Figure 2C may have an aspect ratio AR of any of the values ​​listed above. The embodiment in Figure 2C has a maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the inner radii listed above. IR It may have. The embodiment in Figure 2C shows the maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the outer radii listed above. OR It may have.

[0040] Figure 2D includes a top perspective view of an exemplary biasing element according to some embodiments. Referring now to Figure 2D, in some embodiments, the filament 207 of the biasing element body 205 may include at least one and / or a plurality of vibration portions 209 generally oriented around a central axis 250. The vibration portion 209 may be defined as the path of the filament 207 moving from one transverse line of a line 275 oriented perpendicular to the central axis 205 and circumferentially in the circumferential direction at a fixed point of the filament 207 to an adjacent transverse line of the line 275 oriented perpendicular to the central axis 250 at an adjacent point of the filament 207 of the biasing element 204. Further, in some embodiments, the filament 207 may be discrete and may form a circumferential gap between a first circumferential end 212a and a second circumferential end 212b within the biasing element body 205. As shown in Figure 2D, the biasing element 204 may have a V-shape in the circumferential direction. The embodiment of Figure 2C may have an aspect ratio AR of any of the values listed above. The embodiment of Figure 2D has a maximum linear contact range H IR with an adjacent component along any of the inner radii of the values listed above. The embodiment of Figure 2D has a maximum linear contact range H OR with an adjacent component along any of the outer radii of the values listed above.

[0041] Figure 2E includes a top perspective view of a biasing element according to some embodiments. As shown in Figure 2E, the plurality of vibration portions may include a first vibration portion 209 generally oriented below the central axis 250 at a second radial end 204d and a second vibration portion 209' circumferentially adjacent and generally oriented below the central axis 250 at a first radial end 204c. The first vibration portion 209 may be formed from two points where the filament 207 intersects a center point (e.g., intersects a line 275 oriented circumferentially perpendicular to the central axis 250). The second vibration portion 209' may be formed from two points where the filament 207 intersects a center point (e.g., intersects a line 275 oriented circumferentially perpendicular to the central axis 250). The first vibration portion 209 has a circumferential width W FOVcan include an inner peripheral gap having, and the second vibrating part 209’ has a circumferential width W SOV can include an inner peripheral gap having, and W FOV ≠W SOV , for example, W FOV ≧2W SOV , for example, W FOV ≧5W SOV , or for example, W FOV ≧10W SOV is. In some embodiments, the circumferential width of the inner peripheral gap may vary over the course of the vibrating part path. The embodiment of FIG. 2E may have an aspect ratio AR of any of the values listed above. The embodiment of FIG. 2E may have a maximum linear contact range H IR with an adjacent component along any of the inner radii of the values listed above OR with an adjacent component along any of the outer radii of the values listed above.

[0042] Figure 2F includes a side cross-sectional view of a biasing element according to several embodiments. As shown in Figure 2F, the filament 207 of the biasing element body 205 may include a helical spring containing multiple coils. In one embodiment, the filament 207 may include at least two coils, for example, at least three coils, at least four coils, at least five coils, at least ten coils, at least 100 coils, at least 200 coils, at least 300 coils, at least 400 coils, at least 500 coils, and even at least 1000 coils. In some embodiments, the coils may include axial gaps between them. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2F, the coils may not include axial gaps between them. The length of the material forming the filament 207 may have a polygonal or elliptical cross-section. For example, in one embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a circular wire. In another embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a ribbon of material wound around multiple coils. The coils of the filament 207 may be adjacent to each other or partially overlap. In certain cases, the coils may be parallel to each other. In other cases, the coils may be inclined relative to each other. That is, the coils may be angularly offset and angled relative to each other. The embodiment in Figure 2F may have an aspect ratio AR of any of the values ​​listed above. The embodiment in Figure 2F has a maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the inner radii listed above. IR It may have. The embodiment in Figure 2F shows the maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the outer radii listed above. OR It may have.

[0043] Figure 2G includes cross-sectional views of a biasing element according to several embodiments. As shown in Figure 2G, the filament 207 of the biasing element body 205 may include a helical spring comprising multiple coils. In one embodiment, the filament 207 may include at least two coils, for example, at least three coils, at least four coils, at least five coils, at least ten coils, at least 100 coils, at least 200 coils, at least 300 coils, at least 400 coils, at least 500 coils, and even at least 1000 coils. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2G, the coils may include axial gaps between them. Alternatively, the coils may not include axial gaps between them. The length of the material forming the filament 207 may have a polygonal or elliptical cross-section. For example, in one embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a circular wire. In another embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a ribbon of material wound around multiple coils. The coils of the filament 207 may be adjacent to each other or partially overlap. In certain cases, instead of the biasing element in Figure 2F, the coils may be non-parallel to each other and form outward or inward axial tapers. As shown in the biasing element in the exemplary Figure 2G, the axial taper may be inward. In another case, the coils may be tilted relative to each other; that is, the coils may be angularly offset and angled relative to each other. The embodiment in Figure 2G may have an aspect ratio AR of any of the values ​​listed above. The embodiment in Figure 2G has a maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the inner radii of any of the values ​​listed above. IR It may have. The embodiment in Figure 2G shows the maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the outer radii listed above. OR It may have.

[0044] Figure 2H includes perspective views of a biasing element according to several embodiments. As shown in Figure 2H, the filament 207 of the biasing element body 205 may include a helical spring comprising multiple coils. In one embodiment, the filament 207 may include at least two coils, for example, at least three coils, at least four coils, at least five coils, at least ten coils, at least 100 coils, at least 200 coils, at least 300 coils, at least 400 coils, at least 500 coils, and even at least 1000 coils. In some embodiments, the coils may include axial gaps between them. Alternatively, the coils may not include axial gaps between them. The length of the material forming the filament 207 may have a polygonal or elliptical cross-section. For example, in one embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a circular wire. In another embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a ribbon of material wound around multiple coils. The coils of the filament 207 may be adjacent to each other or partially overlap. The filaments 207 may be continuous or discontinuous (i.e., having circumferential gaps). In another example, the coils may be inclined relative to one another; that is, the coils may be angularly offset and angled relative to one another. As shown in the biasing element of the exemplary Figure 2H, the coils may have circumferential notches or gaps 213 within the filaments 207 of the individual coils. The circumferential notches or gaps 213 may have polygonal, elliptical, or circular cross-sections. The embodiment in Figure 2H may have an aspect ratio AR of any of the values ​​listed above. The embodiment in Figure 2H may have a maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along an inner radius of any of the values ​​listed above. IR It may have. The embodiment in Figure 2H shows the maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the outer radii listed above. OR It may have.

[0045] Figure 2I includes a plan view of a biasing element according to several embodiments. As shown in Figure 2I, the filament 207 of the biasing element body 205 may include a helical spring containing multiple coils. In one embodiment, the filament 207 may include at least two coils, for example, at least three coils, at least four coils, at least five coils, at least ten coils, at least 100 coils, at least 200 coils, at least 300 coils, at least 400 coils, at least 500 coils, and even at least 1000 coils. In some embodiments, the coils may include axial gaps between them. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 2I, the coils may not include axial gaps between them. The length of the material forming the filament 207 may have a polygonal or elliptical cross-section. For example, in one embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a circular wire. In another embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a ribbon of material wound around multiple coils. As shown in Figure 2I, the coils of the filament 207 may be adjacent to each other or partially overlap. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2I, in another case, the coils may be tilted relative to each other. That is, the coils may be angularly offset and angled relative to each other. The embodiment in Figure 2I may have an aspect ratio AR of any of the values ​​listed above. The embodiment in Figure 2I has a maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the inner radii of any of the values ​​listed above. IR It may have. The embodiment in Figure 2I shows the maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the outer radii listed above. OR It may have.

[0046] Figure 2J includes a plan view of a biasing element according to several embodiments. As shown in Figure 2J, the filament 207 of the biasing element body 205 may include a helical spring containing multiple coils. In one embodiment, the filament 207 may include at least two coils, for example, at least three coils, at least four coils, at least five coils, at least ten coils, at least 100 coils, at least 200 coils, at least 300 coils, at least 400 coils, at least 500 coils, and even at least 1000 coils. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2J, the coils may include axial gaps between them. Alternatively, the coils may not include axial gaps between them. The length of the material forming the filament 207 may have a polygonal or elliptical cross-section. For example, in one embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a circular wire. In another embodiment, the filament 207 may be formed from a ribbon of material wound around multiple coils. As shown in Figure 2J, the coils of the filament 207 may be adjacent to each other or partially overlap. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2J, in another example, the coils can be tilted relative to each other. That is, the coils can be angularly offset and angled relative to each other. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2J, the filament 207 may have a non-uniform thickness, resulting in a non-uniform coil shape. The embodiment in Figure 2J may have an aspect ratio AR of any of the values ​​listed above. The embodiment in Figure 2J has a maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the inner radii of any of the values ​​listed above. IR It may have. The embodiment in Figure 2J shows the maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the outer radii listed above. OR It may have.

[0047] Figure 2K includes a plan view of a biasing element according to several embodiments. As shown in Figure 2K, the filament 207 of the biasing element body 205 may form a flat pre-shape for a U-spring (similar to Figures 2B1-2B3) and have a plurality of tabs 210 circumferentially oriented around a central axis 250. Furthermore, the tabs 210 may have polygonal, arcuate, oval, elliptical, or circular cross-sectional shapes, or a combination thereof. The plurality of tabs may include at least one tab 210a axially oriented along the inner circumference of the biasing element 204. The plurality of tabs may include at least one tab 210b axially oriented along the outer circumference of the biasing element 204. As shown in Figure 2K, the tabs 210 may be circumferentially discrete. The tabs 210 may be formed in a zigzag pattern, as shown in Figure 2K. In some embodiments, the biasing element as shown in Figure 2K may be a flattened version of the biasing element shown in Figures 2B1-2B2. The embodiment in Figure 2K may have an aspect ratio AR of any of the values ​​listed above. The embodiment in Figure 2K has a maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the inner radii listed above. IR It may have. The embodiment in Figure 2K shows the maximum linear contact range H with adjacent components along any of the outer radii listed above. OR It may have.

[0048] In one embodiment of this specification, a method for forming a biasing element is shown. In some embodiments, the method may include the step of providing a filament. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include the step of manipulating the filament to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R such that W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR>0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.55, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0049] In one embodiment of this specification, a method for forming a biasing element is shown. In some embodiments, the method may include the step of providing a filament. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include the step of manipulating the filament to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R such that W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.38, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0050] One embodiment of this specification describes a method for forming a biasing element. In some embodiments, the method may include a step of providing an additive manufacturing process. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include a step of manipulating powder or extruded or thermosetting or photocurable resin or liquid to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IRIt has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.55, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0051] One embodiment of this specification describes a method for forming a biasing element. In some embodiments, the method may include a step of providing an additive manufacturing process. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include a step of manipulating powder or extruded or thermosetting or photocurable resin or liquid to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.38, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0052] One embodiment of this specification describes a method for forming a biasing element. In some embodiments, the method may include a step of providing an injection molding method. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include a step of manipulating a molten workable polymer, or a resin containing metal powder, or a resin containing ceramic powder, or molten metal to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.55, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0053] One embodiment of this specification describes a method for forming a biasing element. In some embodiments, the method may include a step of providing an injection molding method. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include a step of manipulating a molten workable polymer, or a resin containing metal powder, or a resin containing ceramic powder, or molten metal to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R such that W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference POR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.38, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0054] One embodiment of this specification describes a method for forming a biasing element. In some embodiments, the method may include the step of providing a bulk metal, ceramic, or polymer shape; or a welded metal 3D shape. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include the step of machining, turning, or cutting to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.55, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0055] One embodiment of this specification describes a method for forming a biasing element. In some embodiments, the method may include the step of providing a bulk metal, ceramic, or polymer shape, or a welded metal 3D shape. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include the step of machining, turning, or cutting to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference PIR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.38, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0056] In one embodiment of this specification, a method for forming a biasing element is provided. In some embodiments, the method may include the step of providing a flat, nonlinear metal ribbon. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include the step of manipulating the ribbon to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.55, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0057] In one embodiment of this specification, a method for forming a biasing element is provided. In some embodiments, the method may include the step of providing a flat, nonlinear metal ribbon. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include the step of manipulating the ribbon to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.38, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0058] In one embodiment of this specification, a method for forming a biasing element is shown. In some embodiments, the method may include the step of providing any article from one of the forming methods specified herein. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include the step of coating to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P ORThe value is >0.55, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0059] In one embodiment of this specification, a method for forming a biasing element is shown. In some embodiments, the method may include the step of providing any article from one of the forming methods specified herein. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the method may include the step of coating to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR The value is >0.38, and the adjustment range is less than 5mm.

[0060] The manipulation of filaments, ribbons, or the machining, turning, or cutting of bulk metal, ceramic, or polymer shapes; or 3D shapes of welded metals may include at least one of the following: chamfering, turning, reaming, forging, extrusion, molding, micromolding, micromachining, sintering, rolling, or casting, injection molding, metalworking, planarization, or 3D printing (including binder jetting, stereolithography, filament deposition, laser melting, laser sintering, and electron beam melting). The biasing elements (or any of their components) referred to herein in the embodiments herein may utilize one or more combinations of features, including specific materials, material thickness (including non-uniform filament thickness in cross-section (e.g., due to planarization)), component dimensions, and specific mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness), and chemical inertness desired in the industry. It is also intended herein that gaps between adjacent coils, either axial or radial, may be bridged to form a single shape through the use of the manufacturing and manipulation methods described above. The shape of the wire obtained by using the manufacturing and operating methods described above is also intended in this specification.

[0061] As described above, the coating material can be applied to the filament to form the biasing element body. In certain embodiments, the coating material may take the form of a support member that supports the inside of the filament coil. Coating of filaments, ribbons, bulk metal or ceramic or polymer shapes, or 3D shapes of welded metals may be carried out by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, spraying, electrochemical plating, roll-to-roll coating processes, spin coating, or dip coating, or by any technique known in the industry. The coating material may include a composition. In one embodiment, the coating material may include a composition containing parylene. In one embodiment, the coating material may include a composition containing parylene dimer. In one embodiment, the coating material may include a composition containing polymer. In one embodiment, the coating material may include a composition containing ceramic. In one embodiment, the coating material may include a composition containing metal. In one embodiment, the coating material may include a composition containing diamond-like carbon.

[0062] The coating material may contain parylene in part. The coating material may contain a parylene dimer in part. In one embodiment, the coating material may include a composition containing a chlorinated parylene dimer, a parylene dimer containing para-xylylene, or a fluorinated parylene dimer. In one embodiment, the chlorinated parylene dimer may be a parylene dimer modified only by substituting one of the aromatic hydrogens with a chlorine atom. In one embodiment, the chlorinated parylene dimer may be a parylene dimer modified only by substituting two of the aromatic hydrogens with chlorine atoms. In one embodiment, the parylene dimer containing para-xylylene may be a parylene dimer. In one embodiment, the fluorinated parylene dimer may be a parylene dimer modified only by substituting an alpha hydrogen atom of a para-xylylene dimer with a fluorine atom.

[0063] The coating material may contain a polymer, at least partially. The polymer may be selected from the group including polyketones, polyaramids, polyphenylene sulfides, polyethersulfones, polyphenylene sulfones, polyamide-imides, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylenes, fluoropolymers, polybenzimidazoles, polyacetals, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimides (PI), polyetherimides, polyetheretherketones (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polysulfones, polyamides (PA), polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides (PPS), polyurethanes, polyesters, liquid crystal polymers (LCP), or any combination thereof. The polymer may be a thermoplastic polymer or a thermosetting polymer. In one embodiment, the jacket portion 102 may contain or essentially consist of a fluoropolymer. Exemplary fluoropolymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride (THV) copolymers, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) copolymer, ethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) copolymer, or any combination thereof. Other fluoropolymers, polymers, and blends may also be included. In another specific embodiment, the coating material may contain, at least partially, or essentially consist of polyethylene (PE), such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE).In another specific embodiment, the coating material may include thermoplastic elastomer hydrocarbon block copolymers, polyether-ester block copolymers, thermoplastic polyamide elastomers, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers, thermoplastic vulcanized products, olefin copolymers, olefin terpolymers, polyolefin plastomers, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the coating material may include styrene-based block copolymers such as styrene-butadiene, styrene-isoprene, or blends or mixtures thereof. Examples of styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers include triblock styrene block copolymers (SBCs) such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-ethylene butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene propylene-styrene (SEPS), styrene-ethylene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEEBS), styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEEPS), styrene-isoprene-butadiene-styrene (SIBS), or combinations thereof. Commercially available examples include several grades of Kraton® and Hybrar® resins.In one embodiment, the coating material is acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR), carboxylated nitrile (XNBR), ethylene acrylate (AEM, Vamac®), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR, EPDM), butyl rubber (IIR), chloroprene rubber (CR), fluorocarbon (FKM, FPM), fluorosilicone (FVMQ), hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), perfluoroelastomer (FFKM), polyacrylate (ACM), polyurethane (AU, EU), and silicone rubber (silicone). The product may also contain an elastomer comprising at least one of the following: Rubber (Q, MQ, VMQ, PVMQ), or tetrafluoroethylene-propylene (AFLAS®) (FEPM).

[0064] In one embodiment, the coating material may include a ceramic containing at least one of the following: glass, silica, clay mica, kaolin, alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium fluoride, boron nitride, mica, wollastonite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, carbon black, pigment, or any combination thereof.

[0065] In one embodiment, the coating material may include a metal. According to a particular embodiment, the metal may include iron, copper, titanium, tin, aluminum, alloys thereof, or other types of metals. In one embodiment, the coating material may include metals (such as aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, stainless steel, etc.), metal alloys (including the listed metals), anodized metals (including the listed metals), or any combination thereof.

[0066] Figure 4A includes a photograph of a prior art biasing element that contacts adjacent components along its inner and outer circumference. Figure 4B includes a photograph of a biasing element according to several embodiments that contacts adjacent components along its inner and outer circumference. As shown in Figure 4A, a prior art biasing element 404a may have a body 405a that contacts the outer component 405a at non-uniform points in substantially discontinuous contact along its inner or outer circumference. However, preferably, and optimally, a biasing element 405b according to some embodiments of this specification, manufactured in the manner described above, may have a body 405a that contacts the outer component 405a in substantially continuous contact along at least one of its inner or outer circumference.

[0067] The biasing elements described according to the embodiments of this specification may enable improved design customization and flexibility for a wide range of applications, including but not limited to sealing applications. Furthermore, the biasing elements described according to the embodiments of this specification may enable improved load range performance for a wide range of applications, including but not limited to sealing applications. Furthermore, the biasing elements described according to the embodiments of this specification may enable a reduction in the gap within the biasing element for a wide range of applications, including but not limited to sealing applications. Furthermore, the biasing elements described according to the embodiments of this specification may provide improved linear contact in a smaller size than existing prior art biasing elements, enabling improved leak performance in challenging sizing environments. Seals incorporating the biasing elements described according to the embodiments of this specification may enable the components of the seal to have a longer lifespan due to appropriately placed forces that reduce repeated compression and stress on individual components (e.g., biasing elements, jacket) due to vibration or operation of the seal or other components in the assembly. Furthermore, seals described according to the embodiments of this specification may prevent seal deformation under low and high-period pressure cycles. As a result, the lifespan of the components and the seal itself can be improved, and overall leaks can be reduced.

[0068] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of these aspects and embodiments are described below. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art will understand that these aspects and embodiments are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the invention. Embodiments may follow one or more of the items listed below.

[0069] Embodiment 1: A biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the inner radius IR and outer radius OR are defined, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference PIR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A biasing element comprising a biasing element body having a bias of >0.55 and an adjustment range of less than 5 mm.

[0070] Embodiment 2: A biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the inner radius IR and outer radius OR are defined, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A biasing element comprising a biasing element body having a bias of >0.38 and an adjustment range of less than 5 mm.

[0071] Embodiment 3: An annular jacket portion including a main body defining an annular recess, and a biasing element disposed within the annular recess, the biasing element body being oriented around a central axis, defining an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defining the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determining the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defining an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body having a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P ORIt has L OR / P OR A seal including a biasing element body, which has a biasing value of >0.55 and an adjustment range of less than 5 mm.

[0072] Embodiment 4: An annular jacket portion including a main body defining an annular recess, and a biasing element disposed within the annular recess, the biasing element body being oriented around a central axis, defining an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defining the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determining the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defining an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body having a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A seal containing a biasing element, including a biasing element body, having a bias of >0.38 and an adjustment range of less than 5 mm.

[0073] Embodiment 5: A step of providing a filament and a step of manipulating the filament to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P ORA method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.55 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0074] Embodiment 6: A step of providing a filament and a step of manipulating the filament to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.38 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0075] Embodiment 7: A step of providing an additive manufacturing process, and a step of manipulating powder or extruded or thermosetting or photocurable resin or liquid to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.55 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0076] Embodiment 8: A step of providing an additive manufacturing process, and a step of manipulating powder or extruded or thermosetting or photocurable resin or liquid to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R such that W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.38 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0077] Embodiment 9: A step of providing an injection molding method, and a step of manipulating a molten processable polymer, or a resin containing metal powder, or a resin containing ceramic powder, or molten metal to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.55 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0078] Embodiment 10: A step of providing an injection molding method, and a step of manipulating a molten processable polymer, or a resin containing metal powder, or a resin containing ceramic powder, or molten metal to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R such that W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.38 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0079] Embodiment 11: A step of providing a bulk metal, ceramic, or polymer shape, or a 3D shape of welded metal, and a step of forming a biasing element body oriented around a central axis by machining, turning, or cutting, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.55 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0080] Embodiment 12: A step of providing a bulk metal, ceramic, or polymer shape, or a 3D shape of welded metal, and a step of forming a biasing element body oriented around a central axis by machining, turning, or cutting, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.38 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0081] Embodiment 13: A step of providing a flat, nonlinear metal ribbon, and a step of manipulating the ribbon to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.55 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0082] Embodiment 14: A step of providing a flat, nonlinear metal ribbon, and a step of manipulating the ribbon to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method comprising a process and a method, wherein the value is >0.38 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0083] Embodiment 15: A step of providing articles from Embodiments 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13, and a step of coating them to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method according to any one of embodiments 5, 7, 9, 11, or 13, comprising a step, wherein the value is >0.55 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0084] Embodiment 16: A step of providing articles from Embodiments 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14, and coating them to form a biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein the biasing element body defines an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. IR It has a biasing element body on the inner radius and outer circumference P IR It has L IR / P IR >0.74, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. OR It has a biasing element body on the outer radius and outer circumference P OR It has L OR / P OR A method according to any one of embodiments 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14, comprising a step, wherein the value is >0.38 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

[0085] Embodiment 17: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the biasing element is made of a polymer material. Exemplary polymers include acrylates, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), perfluoroalkoxyalkanes (PFA), polyacetals, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polysulfone, polyamide (PA), polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyurethane, polyester, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), or any combination thereof.

[0086] Embodiment 18: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the biasing element is made of a metallic material. Exemplary metals include steel, spring steel, stainless steel, e.g., 301 stainless steel, 302 / 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, or 17-7 stainless steel, bronze, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, iron, chromium, copper, manganese, titanium, zirconium, Monel, Inconel, aluminum, carbon, tungsten, Elgiloy, Hastelloy, or amorphous metal compounds, and oil-tempered chromium silicon or vanadium.

[0087] Embodiment 19: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the biasing element is an oxide or non-oxide ceramic.

[0088] Embodiment 20: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the biasing element body comprises a plurality of tabs oriented around a central axis.

[0089] Embodiment 21: A biasing element, seal, or method of Embodiment 20, wherein at least one tab is oriented radially inward.

[0090] Embodiment 22: The biasing element, seal, or method of Embodiment 20, wherein at least one tab is oriented radially outward.

[0091] Embodiment 23: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the biasing element body comprises a ribbon spring having a plurality of circumferential coils oriented around a central axis.

[0092] Embodiment 24: The biasing element, seal, or method of Embodiment 23, wherein multiple circumferential coils all have generally the same cross-sectional shape.

[0093] Embodiment 25: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 24, wherein the biasing element body comprises a U-shaped cross-section spring oriented around a central axis.

[0094] Embodiment 26: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the biasing element body comprises a V-shaped cross-section spring oriented around a central axis.

[0095] Embodiment 27: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 26, wherein the biasing element body comprises an O-shaped cross-section spring oriented around a central axis.

[0096] Embodiment 28: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 27, wherein the biasing element is not welded.

[0097] Embodiment 29: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the biasing element body defines a plurality of contact mechanisms including at least one internal contact mechanism on the inner radius and at least one external contact mechanism on the outer radius.

[0098] Embodiment 30: A biasing element, seal, or method of Embodiment 29, wherein the number of contact mechanisms is less than 20, less than 15, or less than 10.

[0099] Embodiment 31: A biasing element, seal, or method of Embodiment 29, wherein the cross-sectional shape of at least one inner contact mechanism is different from the cross-sectional shape of at least one outer contact mechanism.

[0100] Embodiment 32: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the biasing element body comprises a plurality of vibrating parts.

[0101] Embodiment 33: A biasing element, seal, or method of Embodiment 32, wherein the plurality of vibrating parts include an internal vibrating part and an external vibrating part.

[0102] Embodiment 34: The biasing element, seal, or method of Embodiment 32, wherein the biasing element body defines a radial angle α between adjacent vibrating parts, and α is between 0° and 180°.

[0103] Embodiment 35: A biasing element, seal, or method according to Embodiment 32, wherein at least one of the multiple vibrating parts has a circular cross-section in the axial direction.

[0104] Embodiment 36: A biasing element, seal, or method according to Embodiment 32, wherein at least one of the multiple vibrating parts has an elliptical cross-section in the axial direction.

[0105] Embodiment 37: A biasing element, seal, or method according to Embodiment 32, wherein at least one of the multiple vibrating parts has a polygonal cross-section in the axial direction.

[0106] Embodiment 38: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 37, wherein the biasing element has a spring constant between CC and DD.

[0107] Embodiment 39: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 38, wherein the biasing element includes a wire with a flat, rectangular, square, or keystone cross-section.

[0108] Embodiment 40: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 39, wherein the biasing element includes a wire with a circular cross-section.

[0109] Embodiment 41: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 40, wherein the biasing element comprises a polymer.

[0110] Embodiment 42: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 41, wherein the biasing element includes metal.

[0111] Embodiment 43: The biasing element or seal of Embodiment 42, wherein the biasing element includes spring steel.

[0112] Embodiment 44: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 43, wherein the biasing element includes ceramic.

[0113] Embodiment 45: A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 44, wherein the biasing element comprises a plurality of biasing elements.

[0114] Embodiment 46: The biasing element, seal, or method of Embodiment 45, wherein multiple biasing elements are stacked on top of each other in the axial direction.

[0115] Embodiment 47: The seal of Embodiment 3 or 4, wherein the seal is a surface seal.

[0116] Embodiment 48: The seal of Embodiment 3 or 4, wherein the seal is an axial seal.

[0117] Embodiment 49: The method of Embodiment 5 or 6, wherein the step of manipulating the filament includes a process that includes at least one of 3D printing, extrusion, injection molding, or a combination thereof.

[0118] It should be noted that not all of the above features are required, some of the features may not be necessary, and one or more additional features may be provided in addition to those listed. Furthermore, the order in which the features are listed does not necessarily reflect the order in which they are introduced.

[0119] Certain features are described herein in the context of separate embodiments for clarity and may be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, for brevity, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may be provided separately or in any partial combination.

[0120] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems are described above in relation to specific embodiments. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any features that may result in or enhance any benefit, advantage, or solution should not be construed as essential, necessary, or intrinsic features of any or all of the claims.

[0121] The description and illustrative drawings of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structures of various embodiments. The description and illustrative drawings are not intended to serve as a comprehensive and exhaustive description of all elements and features of apparatuses and systems using the structures or methods described herein. Different embodiments may be combined within a single embodiment, and conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment for brevity may also be provided separately or in any partial combination. Furthermore, references to values ​​within a range include all values ​​within that range. Many other embodiments may become apparent to those skilled in the art only after reading this specification. Other embodiments may be used and derived from this disclosure so that structural substitutions, logical substitutions, or any modifications can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure should be considered illustrative, not restrictive.

Claims

1. A biasing element, A biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR are defined, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and the outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. ＩＲ The biasing element body has an outer circumference P on the inner radius. ＩＲ It has L ＩＲ / P ＩＲ >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. ＯＲ The biasing element body has an outer circumference P on the outer radius. ＯＲ It has L ＯＲ / P ＯＲ A biasing element comprising a biasing element body having a bias of >0.55 and an adjustment range of less than 5 mm.

2. A biasing element, A biasing element body oriented around a central axis, defining an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defining an adjustment width W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and the outer radius determining an average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defining an aspect ratio W / R, where W / R > 0.2, and the biasing element body having a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius ＩＲ and the biasing element body having an outer periphery P on the inner radius ＩＲ and L ＩＲ / P ＩＲ > 0.74, and the biasing element body having a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius ＯＲ and the biasing element body having an outer periphery P on the outer radius ＯＲ and L ＯＲ / P ＯＲ > 0.38, and the adjustment width being less than 5 mm, a biasing element comprising the biasing element body.

3. It is a sticker, An annular jacket portion comprising a main body that defines an annular recess, A biasing element disposed within the annular recess, A biasing element body oriented around a central axis, wherein an inner radius IR and an outer radius OR are defined, the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius defines the adjustment range W of the biasing element body, the inner radius and the outer radius determine the average radius R of the biasing element body around the central axis, the biasing element body defines an aspect ratio W / R, W / R > 0.1, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the inner radius. ＩＲ The biasing element body has an outer circumference P on the inner radius. ＩＲ It has L ＩＲ / P ＩＲ >0.80, and the biasing element body has a maximum linear contact length L on the outer radius. ＯＲ The biasing element body has an outer circumference P on the outer radius. ＯＲ It has L ＯＲ / P ＯＲ A seal comprising a biasing element having a biasing element body, wherein the bias is >0.55 and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm. radius, P ＯＲ , and L ＯＲ / P ＯＲ >0.38, and the adjustment range is less than 5 mm.

4. The biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element is made of a polymer material. Examples of polymers include acrylates, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), perfluoroalkoxyalkanes (PFA), polyacetals, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polysulfone, polyamide (PA), polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyurethane, polyester, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), or any combination thereof.

5. The biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element is made of a metallic material. Examples of metals include steel, spring steel, stainless steel, such as 301 stainless steel, 302 / 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, or 17-7 stainless steel, bronze, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, iron, chromium, copper, manganese, titanium, zirconium, Monel, Inconel, aluminum, carbon, tungsten, Elgiloy, Hastelloy, or amorphous metal compounds, and oil-tempered chromium silicon or vanadium.

6. The biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element body comprises a plurality of tabs oriented around the central axis.

7. The biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element body comprises a ribbon spring having a plurality of circumferential coils oriented around the central axis.

8. The biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element body comprises a U-shaped cross-sectional spring oriented around the central axis.

9. The biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element body comprises a V-shaped cross-sectional spring oriented around the central axis.

10. The biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element body comprises an O-shaped cross-sectional spring oriented around the central axis.

11. A biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element body defines a plurality of contact mechanisms including at least one internal contact mechanism on the inner radius and at least one external contact mechanism on the outer radius.

12. The biasing element, seal, or method according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of contact mechanisms is less than 20.

13. The biasing element, seal, or method according to claim 11, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the at least one inner contact mechanism is different from the cross-sectional shape of the at least one outer contact mechanism.

14. The biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element body comprises a plurality of vibrating parts.

15. The biasing element, seal, or method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the biasing element comprises a plurality of biasing elements.

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