Energy recovery device, system, and manufacturing method

Abstract

An energy recovery device is disclosed. This energy recovery device comprises one or more foils and a pressurized energy conversion system. The pressurized energy conversion system comprises a working fluid, one or more fluid displacement devices configured to be driven by the movement of one or more foils, and one or more generators configured to be driven by the working fluid. Advantageously, the energy recovery device can efficiently recover energy from a turbulent fluid flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an energy recovery device, system, and manufacturing method. This energy recovery device is suitable for recovering energy from turbulent fluids such as ground wind.

Background Art

[0002] Conventional horizontal-axis wind turbines known in the art usually have three blades. The wind turbine converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical motion according to the principle of aerodynamic lift. During operation, the blades rotate to drive a generator in a nacelle located above the tower of the wind turbine. The generator converts mechanical motion into electricity.

[0003] Conventional horizontal-axis wind turbines are widely used in the energy industry as a source of renewable energy, but they have many drawbacks. Horizontal-axis wind turbines can only operate within a narrow wind speed range. For example, if the wind speed is too high, there is a risk of damaging the wind turbine. Conversely, if the wind speed is too low, sufficient aerodynamic lift may not be obtained to rotate the blades.

[0004] The size of horizontal-axis wind turbines is increasing year by year because higher altitudes allow for the utilization of larger laminar flows. Laminar flows are more efficient for horizontal-axis wind turbines compared to turbulent flows. Therefore, commercial wind power plants usually have large wind turbines exceeding 100 m in height. While large wind turbines have a higher output than small wind turbines, they dominate the surrounding landscape and have an adverse impact on the environment. Wind turbines can also have a further adverse impact on the environment because they may affect the surrounding wildlife. For example, the blades of wind turbines may kill birds.

[0005] A drawback of large horizontal-axis wind turbines is that they tend to generate significant turbulence in the wake of the blades, making them unsuitable for installation near urban areas, highways, and especially airports. As a result, wind farms with large turbines are typically located offshore, not just in remote areas. However, this presents further challenges, namely the increased complexity of transporting and installing such large equipment in remote locations.

[0006] Another drawback of conventional horizontal-axis wind turbines is that the generator is installed inside the nacelle at the top of the tower. Maintenance is particularly difficult for large offshore wind turbines exceeding 100 meters in height, as engineers must climb the tower and carry replacement parts as needed.

[0007] Figure 1 shows a conventional large offshore horizontal-axis wind turbine 1 known in the art. The wind turbine 1 comprises a tower 2, a nacelle 3 located at the top of the tower 2, a hub 4 with three blades 5, and a hydraulic pump 6 located inside the nacelle 3. When in operation, the hydraulic pump 6 pumps seawater 7 to a generator 8 located on another platform 9. The generator 8 is not installed at the very top of the tower 3, but rather on the platform 9, which is easily accessible for maintenance. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0008] An object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide an energy recovery device that eliminates or at least mitigates one or more of the aforementioned drawbacks of energy recovery devices known in the art.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an energy recovery device is provided, which is, One or more foils configured to respond to changes in fluid flow with a response time of less than 60 seconds, The system comprises a pressurized energy conversion system, and the pressurized energy conversion system is Working fluid and One or more fluid displacement devices configured to be driven by the movement of one or more foils, The system comprises one or more generators configured to be driven by the aforementioned working fluid.

[0010] Preferably, the response time is less than 30 seconds. Preferably, the response time is less than 10 seconds. Preferably, the response time is less than 5 seconds. Most preferably, the response time is about 1 second.

[0011] Preferably, one or more foils may be configured to have low inertia.

[0012] Preferably, the energy recovery device may comprise two or more foils.

[0013] Preferably, the movements of the two or more foils are independent. Advantageously, the independent movements of the two or more foils facilitate the coupling of energy from multiple locations within the turbulence.

[0014] Optionally, the movements of the two or more foils may be dependent. Advantageously, the dependent movements of the two or more foils facilitate the phase offset of the two or more foils.

[0015] Preferably, the energy recovery device further comprises one or more ducts. The one or more foils are arranged within the one or more ducts. Each of the one or more ducts has an inlet opening and an outlet opening.

[0016] Preferably, each of the one or more ducts may include two or more foils.

[0017] Preferably, the energy recovery device further comprises one or more vibrating members. The one or more vibrating members connect the one or more foils to the pressurized energy conversion system.

[0018] Preferably, the one or more vibrating members are configured to rotate about a pivot axis located between the first and second ends of the one or more vibrating members.

[0019] Alternatively, the one or more vibrating members are configured to rotate around a pivot axis at the second end of the one or more vibrating members.

[0020] Preferably, the one or more foils are configured to exhibit rotational motion about the pivot axis and rotational motion about a rotation axis extending along the span direction of the one or more foils, and this rotation axis is perpendicular to the pivot axis.

[0021] Preferably, the one or more fluid displacement devices may include a pump. The one or more fluid displacement devices may include a positive displacement pump, preferably a rotary positive displacement pump, or a reciprocating positive displacement pump. The one or more fluid displacement devices may include a piston. The one or more fluid displacement devices may include a half-rotation actuator. The one or more fluid displacement devices may include a swash plate piston configuration.

[0022] Preferably, the one or more fluid displacement devices may be connected to one or more vibrating members. Preferably, the energy recovery device further includes one or more mechanical connections for connecting the one or more fluid displacement devices to the one or more vibrating members.

[0023] Preferably, the one or more fluid displacement devices may be connected to the vibrating member at the pivot point. Alternatively, the fluid displacement devices may be connected to the vibrating member between the pivot point of the vibrating member and a first end, and between the pivot point of the vibrating member and a second end.

[0024] Optionally, the energy recovery device further includes a spring between one or more fluid displacement devices and the vibrating member, or the mechanical connection.

[0025] Optionally, there may be two or more fluid displacement devices. The two or more fluid displacement devices may be fluidly connected. The two or more fluid displacement devices may be connected in series or in parallel. The two or more fluid displacement devices may be of different types and sizes.

[0026] Preferably, the pressurized energy conversion system may further include one or more reservoirs. The one or more reservoirs may be connected to the one or more fluid displacement devices.

[0027] Preferably, the pressurized energy conversion system may further include one or more pressure intensifiers. The one or more pressure intensifiers may connect two or more reservoirs.

[0028] Optionally, each of the one or more reservoirs may include a diaphragm.

[0029] Optionally, the energy recovery device includes one or more motors and / or pumps. Optionally, the one or more motors and / or pumps may be disposed between two or more of the fluid displacement devices. Optionally, the one or more motors may be disposed between the one or more reservoirs and the one or more generators. Optionally, a gearbox may be connected to the one or more motors and / or pumps.

[0030] Preferably, the pressurized energy conversion system may include one or more control valves. The control valves may be disposed between the one or more reservoirs and the one or more generators.

[0031] Optionally, the pressurized energy conversion system may include one or more check valves.

[0032] Optionally, the pressurized energy conversion system may further include one or more proportional flow valves.

[0033] Optionally, the pressurized energy conversion system may further include one or more pressure-dependent check valves.

[0034] Optionally, the pressurized energy conversion system further comprises an expansion chamber. Preferably, the expansion chamber is located between the one or more fluid displacement devices and the one or more reservoirs.

[0035] Optionally, the pressurized energy conversion system may further comprise a pressure-dependent check valve. Preferably, the pressure-dependent check valve diverts the working fluid to one of the one or more reservoirs depending on the pressure and flow rate of the working fluid.

[0036] Alternatively, the one or more foils may be configured as one or more turbines. The one or more turbines may be mechanically connected to one or more radial arms. The one or more radial arms may be mechanically connected to a central spindle. The one or more turbines may rotate around one or more turbine rotation axes and be configured to rotate the radial arms and the central spindle.

[0037] Preferably, the pressurized energy conversion system may be a hydraulic energy conversion system. The working fluid may be a liquid.

[0038] Alternatively, the pressurized energy conversion system may be an air pressure energy conversion system. The working fluid may be a gas.

[0039] Preferably, the energy recovery device is a wind energy recovery device. The fluid flow is wind. The one or more foils include one or more aerofoils.

[0040] Additionally or alternatively, the energy recovery device is a water flow energy recovery device. The fluid flow is a flow of water. The one or more foils include one or more hydrofoils.

[0041] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an energy recovery system is provided which includes two or more energy recovery devices according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0042] Preferably, the energy recovery system comprises a centralized reservoir and / or a centralized generator.

[0043] Embodiments of a second aspect of the present invention may include features for carrying out preferred or optional features of a first aspect of the present invention, and vice versa.

[0044] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing an energy recovery device is provided, and this method is: The steps include providing one or more foils configured to respond to changes in fluid flow with a response time of less than 60 seconds, The steps include providing the working fluid for a pressurized energy conversion system, A step of providing one or more fluid displacement devices for the pressurized energy conversion system, wherein the one or more fluid displacement devices are configured to be driven by the movement of the one or more foils, The step of providing a generator configured to be driven by a working fluid is included.

[0045] Most preferably, the method further includes the step of characterizing the fluid flow. Most preferably, the method further includes the step of determining the optimal parameters of an energy recovery device to be used for the fluid flow.

[0046] Embodiments of a third aspect of the present invention may include features for carrying out preferred or optional features of the first and / or second aspects of the present invention, and vice versa.

[0047] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the use of an energy recovery device according to a first aspect of the present invention or an energy recovery system according to a second aspect of the present invention is provided for generating electrical energy.

[0048] Embodiments of a fourth aspect of the present invention may include features for carrying out preferred or optional features of the first, second, and / or third aspects of the present invention, and vice versa.

[0049] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, an energy recovery device is provided, which is A low-inertia foil of 1 or more, The system comprises a pressurized energy conversion system, and the pressurized energy conversion system is Working fluid and One or more fluid displacement devices configured to be driven by the movement of one or more foils, The system comprises one or more generators configured to be driven by the aforementioned working fluid.

[0050] Embodiments of a fifth aspect of the present invention may include features for carrying out preferred or optional features of the first, second, third, and / or fourth aspects of the present invention, and vice versa.

[0051] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, an energy recovery device is provided, which is Two or more independent foils configured to combine energy from multiple locations within a turbulent fluid flow, The system comprises a pressurized energy conversion system, and the pressurized energy conversion system is Working fluid and One or more fluid displacement devices configured to be driven by the movement of two or more independent foils, The system comprises one or more generators configured to be driven by the aforementioned working fluid.

[0052] Embodiments of the sixth aspect of the present invention may include features for carrying out preferred or optional features of the first, second, third, fourth, and / or fifth aspects of the present invention, and vice versa.

[0053] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, an energy recovery device is provided, which is One or more foils and The system comprises a pressurized energy conversion system, and the pressurized energy conversion system is Working fluid and One or more fluid displacement devices configured to be driven by the movement of one or more foils, It comprises one or more generators configured to be driven by a working fluid, The aforementioned pressurized energy conversion system is configured to dynamically change the resistance force of the pressurized energy conversion system, Most preferably, the pressurized energy conversion system is configured to dynamically change the resistance force of the pressurized energy conversion system in response to changes in the fluid flow entering the one or more foils. Changes in the fluid flow include changes in the energy, velocity, direction, and / or orientation of the fluid flow, and the response may be rapid enough to rapidly change the resistance force in response to such changes.

[0054] To facilitate power generation over a wide range of wind (or other moving fluids such as water) velocities and to obtain a sophisticated feedback response to changes in available energy, the present invention incorporates dynamic resistance control, which allows the system to operate under changing wind (or other moving fluids such as water) conditions to efficiently generate power and respond quickly to such changes. This differs from conventional systems that cannot respond quickly to such changes in conditions.

[0055] Preferably, the dynamic change in resistance optimizes the energy recovered by the energy recovery device.

[0056] Preferably, the dynamic fluctuation of the drag force depends on the change in lift generated by the one or more foils.

[0057] Preferably, the dynamic fluctuations of the resistance force depend on the change in the energy of the fluid flow. Preferably, the dynamic change in resistance force includes changing the flow rate of the working fluid that is displaced by one or more fluid displacement devices.

[0058] Preferably, the dynamic fluctuation of the resistance force includes a pressurized energy conversion system further comprising two or more reservoirs configured to operate at two or more different pressures.

[0059] Preferably, the energy recovery device further comprises one or more ducts, and the one or more foils are arranged within the one or more ducts.

[0060] Preferably, the change in fluid flow is a fluctuation in the energy of the fluid flow and is measured in the middle section of the one or more ducts.

[0061] Embodiments of the seventh aspect of the present invention may include features for carrying out preferred or any features of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and / or sixth aspects of the present invention, and vice versa. In particular, features relating to foils, vibrating members, fluid displacement devices, pressurized energy conversion systems, and response times.

[0062] According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing an energy recovery device is provided, and this method is: A step of providing one or more foils, The steps include providing the working fluid for a pressurized energy conversion system, A step of providing one or more fluid displacement devices for the pressurized energy conversion system, wherein the one or more fluid displacement devices are configured to be driven by the movement of the one or more foils, The steps include providing a generator configured to be driven by a working fluid, The method includes the step of configuring the pressurized energy conversion system so as to dynamically change the resistance force of the pressurized energy conversion system.

[0063] Similar to the seventh embodiment, the pressurized energy conversion system is most preferably configured to dynamically change the resistance of the pressurized energy conversion system in response to changes in the fluid flow entering the one or more foils.

[0064] Embodiments of the eighth aspect of the present invention may include features for carrying out preferred or any features of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh aspect of the present invention, and vice versa. Similarly, these features relate particularly to foils, vibrating members, fluid displacement devices, pressurized energy conversion systems, and response times. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0065] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described below illustratively with reference to the drawings. [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional horizontal-axis wind turbine known in the art. [Figure 2] Figure 2 plots the wind speed (meters per second) of turbulent flow as a function of time (minutes). [Figure 3] Figure 3 plots the rate of increase in wind turbine output as a function of the wind turbine's response time. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is a perspective view of an energy recovery device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the energy recovery device shown in Figure 4. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is a perspective view of the foil and vibrating member of the energy recovery device shown in Figure 4 at (a) the first position, (b) the second position, (c) the third position, and (d) the fourth position. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pressurized energy conversion system of the energy recovery device shown in Figure 4. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 9] Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 12] Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 14] Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 15] Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 16] Figure 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 17] Figure 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 18] Figure 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 19] Figure 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 20] Figures 20(a), (b), and (c) are schematic cross-sectional views of alternative embodiments of the piston in Figure 7, respectively. [Figure 21] Figures 21A and 21B are schematic cross-sectional views of an alternative embodiment of the piston in Figure 7. [Figure 22] Figure 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figure 7. [Figure 23] Figure 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the energy recovery system, including the energy recovery device shown in Figure 4. [Figure 24] Figure 24 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the energy recovery device shown in Figure 4. [Figure 25] Figure 25 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of the energy recovery device shown in Figure 4. [Figure 26]Figure 26 is a flowchart of the manufacturing method for the energy recovery device shown in Figure 1. In the following description, similar parts are given the same reference numerals throughout the specification and drawings. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, and the proportions of certain parts are exaggerated to better illustrate the details and features of the embodiments of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0066] Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 2 to 26.

[0067] turbulent wind conditions This invention relates to an energy recovery device suitable for efficiently recovering energy from relatively turbulent fluid flows, as opposed to laminar flows. For example, instead of laminar airflow at relatively high altitudes, this invention is suitable for use in more turbulent airflow at ground level.

[0068] Figure 2 plots wind speed (m / s) as a function of time (minutes) measured near ground level in urban areas. Urban areas are considered to be the areas around artificial structures such as buildings that alter natural airflow. As shown in the figure, wind speed fluctuates between approximately 1 and 7 m / s in short periods of a few seconds. Such rapid peaks and troughs in wind speed are called gusts and are caused by various factors such as convective airflow, changes in atmospheric pressure, or the passage of a weather front. A gust can be defined as a peak in wind speed that exceeds the average wind speed by approximately 4.5 m / s and lasts for a maximum of 60 seconds.

[0069] This represents the change in wind speed intensity in a dimensionless manner, or in other words, the turbulence intensity of the fluid flow. Turbulence intensity is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of the fluctuating wind speed to the average wind speed. The wind speed data in Figure 2 shows a high turbulence intensity of 41.6%. Although Figure 2 shows wind speed as a function of time, it is important to note that turbulence also indicates spatial changes in wind speed.

[0070] When the conventional large horizontal-axis wind turbine 1 shown in Figure 1 is moved to ground level, in turbulent airflow as shown in Figure 2, the fluctuation in the rotational speed per minute of the wind turbine 1 becomes a smoother time function with respect to the fluctuation in wind speed. This is because the response time (minutes) of the wind turbine 1 is longer than the time interval (seconds) at which the wind speed changes. In other words, the inertia of the wind turbine 1 is relatively large.

[0071] While a conventional large horizontal-axis wind turbine 1 may be able to achieve higher output than a small wind turbine in turbulent air, large wind turbines are not necessarily efficient. For example, as shown in Figure 2, if the wind speed is decreasing over one second, the large wind turbine 1 is not driven by the lift generated from the turbulence entering at that moment. Instead, the wind turbine is driven by the rotational speed that represents the wind speed before the decrease, specifically the revolutions per minute. Therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the large wind turbine 1 cannot recover all the available energy from the turbulence.

[0072] The inventors performed yield modeling of a wind turbine. Figure 3 shows the rate of power increase of the wind turbine as a function of the wind turbine's response time. As shown, there is an inverse relationship between the rate of power increase and the response time. This indicates that wind turbines with short response times, such as 1 second, and low inertia can efficiently recover energy from turbulent airflow.

[0073] The turbulent airflow entering the large wind turbine 1 in Figure 1 causes mechanical stress due to the spatial variation in wind speed. Specifically, the first blade experiences a greater wind speed than the second blade, and therefore the induced lift is greater. Although the blades generate a lift difference, the individual blades are mechanically connected via a hub, so they cannot rotate at different speeds relative to the hub, resulting in stress on the components of the large wind turbine 1. Furthermore, because the second blade acts as a brake, the large induced lift generated by the first blade cannot be recovered, limiting the efficiency of the large wind turbine 1.

[0074] The present invention relates to an energy recovery device equipped with a pressurized energy conversion system configured to dynamically change the resistance force. Advantageously, the wind energy recovery device can efficiently recover electricity from turbulence without subjecting the device's components to mechanical stress.

[0075] As explained above, small wind turbines, such as those in urban wind systems, have far less lift than large wind turbines. Furthermore, wind speed, direction, and orientation are more susceptible to change, significantly affecting the flow into the duct (as described later), and reducing or increasing the available energy. Therefore, small wind turbines need to be operated in response to changes in wind conditions to generate electricity efficiently. The embodiments of the present invention described below are intended to enable effective power generation over a wide range of wind conditions and wind speeds. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention described below are intended to enable rapid response to changes in wind conditions.

[0076] This can be achieved by an aerofoil that can move from one direction to another, and when hydraulically connected, the aerofoil can be made to react quickly to such changes, thus achieving constant energy transfer. For example, in one oscillation (or oscillation cycle), the aerofoil moves from one side to the other, pushing a piston in the process to pressurize the fluid (transferring kinetic energy, which is then stored as pressurized fluid), and the cycle is completed. In the next oscillation (or oscillation cycle), the resistance can now be changed in response to different wind conditions. This has no effect because the previous cycle is complete and energy has already been stored. In rotating systems such as large wind turbines, momentum is stored, so they cannot quickly respond to changes in wind conditions or speeds as seen at ground level.

[0077] To facilitate power generation over a wide range of wind speeds and to obtain a sophisticated feedback response to changes in available energy, the embodiments of the present invention described below incorporate dynamic resistance control, which allows the system to operate under changing wind conditions, generate power efficiently, and respond quickly to such changes. Specific embodiments of the present invention are shown below.

[0078] Energy recovery device Figures 4 and 5 show the energy recovery device 10. The energy recovery device 10 is suitable for extracting energy from fluid flows such as wind, tides, or river currents, especially turbulent ones. The energy recovery device 10 has a substantially hexagonal prism shape. The energy recovery device 10 comprises a first surface 11 in the form of two hexagonal base surfaces of a hexagonal prism and an opposing second surface 12. Both the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 are perpendicular to the central axis 13 and centered on the central axis 13.

[0079] Generator housing The energy recovery device 10 further comprises a generator housing 14 centered on a central axis 13. The generator housing 14 includes an internal portion 15 and a conical portion 16, as clearly shown in Figure 5. The internal portion 15 of the generator housing 14 extends between a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 and has a substantially hexagonal cross-sectional shape. It will be understood that the internal portion 15 of the generator housing 14 may have any suitable cross-sectional shape that can vary between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12. The conical portion 16 of the generator housing 14 is an extension of the internal portion 15 and protrudes from the first surface 11, tapering toward the central axis 13.

[0080] duct The energy recovery device 10 further comprises a duct 17 arranged circumferentially around the generator housing 14, as clearly shown in Figures 4 and 5. The duct 17 is in the form of a passage between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 and is suitable for allowing a fluid flow 18 to flow through the energy recovery device 10. It should be understood that the fluid flow 18 can take the form of a gaseous flow or a liquid flow.

[0081] The conical portion 16 of the generator housing 14 directs the fluid flow 18 toward the duct 17. It has been found that for efficient operation, the energy recovery device 10, as shown in Figure 4, preferably has six ducts 17 arranged around the generator housing 14. However, it will be understood that energy recovery devices with more or fewer ducts (e.g., three ducts) can also be envisioned.

[0082] Each duct 17 has an inlet opening 19 on the first surface 11 and a corresponding outlet opening 20 on the second surface 12. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the cross-sectional shape of the duct 17 is substantially trapezoidal. It will be understood that the duct 17 may have any suitable cross-sectional shape.

[0083] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the size of each duct 17 is uniform. Alternatively, it will be understood that each duct 17 may have different relative sizes depending on its position on, for example, the first surface 11.

[0084] Figure 5 shows the uniform cross-sectional shape of the duct 17 in the direction of the central axis 13. That is, the cross-sectional shape does not change between the first surface 11a and the second surface 12a. However, it should be understood that, according to the Venturi effect, the cross-sectional shape may be changed, specifically by providing a constriction, to alter the velocity of the fluid flow 18 passing through the energy recovery device 10.

[0085] foil The energy recovery device 10 further comprises one or more foils 21 placed inside each duct 17a, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. More specifically, the one or more foils 21 take the form of one or more aerofoils or one or more hydrofoils, depending on whether the fluid flow 18 is a gaseous flow or a liquid flow.

[0086] The following definitions are common terms in the art related to the foil 21 shown in Figures 4 and 5. The foil 21 has a leading edge 22 and a trailing edge 23. The leading edge 22 (or foremost edge) is the foil surface that first encounters the incident fluid flow 18. Thus, the leading edge 22 separates the incident fluid flow 18. The trailing edge 23 (or last edge) is where the fluid flow 18 separated by the leading edge 22 rejoins.

[0087] The foil 21 also has a chord 24 and a span 25. The chord 24 is the distance between the leading edge 22 and the trailing edge 23. The span 25 is the distance between the first side 26 and the second side 27 of the foil 21. Furthermore, the chord line 28 is defined as a hypothetical straight line connecting the leading edge 22 and the trailing edge 23. The foil 21 has a uniform cross-section across the span 25.

[0088] Figures 4 and 5 show various foils 21 installed inside the duct 17. The foils 21 are positioned so that their leading edge 22 faces the inlet opening 19 and their trailing edge 23 faces the outlet opening 20. In other words, the chord direction of the foils 21 is substantially parallel to the central axis 13.

[0089] During operation, the fluid flow enters the duct 21 from the inlet opening 19, flows through the foil 21 while inducing aerodynamic or hydrodynamic forces, and exits the duct 21 from the outlet opening 20. The foil 21 exhibits motion, and the kinetic energy from this motion is recovered, transmitted, or converted into electrical energy by the energy recovery device 10.

[0090] Vibrating member and pressurized energy conversion system The energy recovery device 10 further comprises a pressurized energy conversion system 29 and a vibrating member 30 for connecting one or more foils 21 to the pressurized energy conversion system 29, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. The pressurized energy conversion system 29 is used to convert the movement of one or more foils 21 into electricity.

[0091] Each vibrating member 30 has a first end 31 and a second end 32. The first end 31 of each vibrating member 30 is attached to the first surface 26 of the foil 21. The pressurized energy conversion system 29 is located at the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30. Each vibrating member 30 extends from the foil 21, through the generator housing 14, and within the generator housing 14 to the pressurized energy conversion system 29.

[0092] As shown in Figure 6, the energy recovery device 10 includes a bearing shaft 33 oriented along a pivot axis 34 in the xy plane. Since the vibrating member 30 is configured to rotate about the bearing shaft 33, the movement of the vibrating member 30 is constrained by the bearing shaft 33. In addition to this rotational motion, the vibrating member 30 can also rotate about an axis 35 defined by the vibrating member 30 itself. The pivot shaft 34 may be located between the first and second ends 31, 32 of the vibrating member 30, or it may be located at the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30, as will be described later in the context of Figures 7 and 8. The bearing shaft 33 facilitates the transmission of the movement of the foil 21 to the pressurized energy conversion system 29.

[0093] Figure 6 shows the movement of the vibrating member 30 and foil 21 of the energy recovery device 10, specifically four positions. Figure 6 defines the x, y, and z axes to aid in explaining this movement.

[0094] Figure 6a shows a first position 36 where the vibrating member 30 makes an angle -α with respect to the central rotational position 37 of the vibrating member 30. In the context of Figure 6, the central rotational position 37 of the vibrating member 30 is defined as when the vibrating member 30 is parallel to the z-axis. Furthermore, at the first position 36, the foil 21 is oriented such that the chord 24 of the foil 21 makes an angle -β with respect to the central rotational position 38 of the foil 21. The central rotational position 38 of the foil 21 is defined as when the chord 24 of the foil 21 is parallel to the direction of the fluid flow 18 and aligned with the y-direction. During operation, the fluid flow 18 aligned with the y-direction is incident on the leading edge 22 of the foil 21. The angle of attack of the foil 21 generates a lift force (FL) in the positive x-direction, inducing rotational motion of the vibrating member 30 around the bearing 33. This rotational movement is restricted by the first rotation stop 39 so that the vibrating member 30 stops at a second position 40 that makes an angle +α with respect to the z-axis, as shown in Figure 6b.

[0095] When in the second position 40, the weight and / or inertia of the foil 21 induce a rotational force (F) that causes the foil 21 to rotate along the axis 35 defined by the vibrating member 30 itself. R A rotation occurs, and the axis 35 extends between the first and second ends 31, 32. This rotation is restricted by the first rotation stop 41. The rotation of the foil 21 reverses the angle of attack of the foil 21, so that the chord 24 of the foil 21 makes an angle +β with respect to the central rotation position 38, as shown in Figure 6c depicting the third position 42. It will be understood that the position of the axis 35 relative to the foil 21, in particular the position of the axis 35 along the chord 24 of the foil 21, determines the relative ease with which the foil 21 rotates. For example, the axis 35 may be offset closer to the leading edge 22 of the foil 21, in contrast to the trailing edge 23. Thus, the position of the axis 35 can be optimized to achieve the desired rotational characteristics of the foil 21.

[0096] At the third position, the fluid flow 18 related to the foil 21 generates a lift (F) in the negative x direction. LThis generates a vibration that induces a relative counter-rotational motion of the vibrating member 30 with respect to the bearing 33. This counter-rotational motion is limited by the second rotation stop 43 so that the vibrating member 30 stops at a fourth position 44 that forms an angle -α with respect to the central rotation position 37, as shown in Figure 6d.

[0097] When in the fourth position 44, the weight and / or inertia of the foil 21 induce a rotational force (F) that induces a counter-rotational motion of the foil 21 about the axis defined by the vibrating member 30. R The rotation occurs again. This rotation is restricted by the second rotation stop 45. Subsequently, the string 24 of the foil 21 makes an angle -β with respect to the central rotation position 38, thereby returning the arrangement to the first position 36, as shown in Figure 6a. This cycle of rotation and movement is repeated.

[0098] The first and second rotation stops 39 and 43 limit the rotation range of the vibrating member 30. The positions of the first and second rotation stops 39 and 43 can be adjusted according to the desired rotation range. The vibrating member 30 can rotate 1 to 89° on both sides of the central rotation position 37. Preferably, the vibrating member 30 rotates 1 to 30° on both sides of the central rotation position 37. Preferably, the vibrating member 30 rotates 1 to 15° on both sides of the central rotation position 37.

[0099] Similarly, the first and second rotation stops 41, 45 limit the rotation of the vibrating member 30 and thus the foil 21. The positions of the first and second rotation stops 41, 45 can be adjusted according to a desired range of rotation, in other words, a desired angle of attack of the foil 21. The vibrating member 30 and the foil 21 can rotate by 1 to 89° on either side of the central rotation position 38. Preferably, the combination of the vibrating member 30 and the foil 21 rotates by 1 to 35° on either side of the central rotation position 38.

[0100] The pressurized energy conversion system 29 is located at the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30 and exhibits only rotational motion, not rotational motion. Rotational motion is separated between the vibrating member 30 and the foil 21. Thus, the rotational motion drives the pressurized energy conversion system 29, and the rotational motion perpetuates and / or assists this rotational motion.

[0101] The pressurized energy conversion system 29 generally comprises a working fluid 46, a fluid displacement device 47, and a generator 48, as shown in Figures 7 to 19. The fluid displacement device 47 is configured to be driven by the movement of the foil 21. The fluid displacement device 47 is fluidly connected to the generator 47 by a pipe 49. The fluid displacement device 47 displaces, pumps, and / or pressurizes the fluid 46, thereby driving the generator 47 to generate electricity. It will be understood that the generator 47 may include an integrated impeller suitable for driving the generator 47.

[0102] In the embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29a shown in Figure 7, the pivot shaft 34 is located at the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30. Furthermore, the fluid displacement device 47 takes the form of a rotary positive displacement pump 50 attached to the bearing shaft 33. Those skilled in the art will understand that the fluid displacement device 47 could instead take the form of a half-rotation actuator.

[0103] During operation, the foil 21 rotates in the xz plane around the pivot axis 34, causing the bearing axis 33 to rotate, which in turn causes the rotary positive displacement pump 50 to rotate. The working fluid 46 is pumped by the rotary positive displacement pump 50 to a reservoir 51, also called an accumulator or pressure accumulator. As the rotary positive displacement pump 50 continues to pump the working fluid 46, the fluid pressure in the reservoir 51 increases. When the fluid pressure in the reservoir 51 reaches a threshold, the control valve 52 opens, allowing the working fluid 46 to flow to the generator 48 and be driven. The working fluid 46 that leaves the generator 48 becomes atmospheric pressure and is then recirculated back to the rotary positive displacement pump 50 via pipe 49 and repressurized. Alternatively, it may be understood that the pressurized energy conversion system 29 may be a closed loop such that the working fluid 46 remains pressurized even after leaving the generator 48 and passing through the return line to the rotary positive displacement pump 50. When the reservoir 51 becomes empty, the control valve 52 closes, allowing the reservoir 51 to be replenished with working fluid 46 from the rotary positive displacement pump 50. The control valve 52 repeatedly causes the working fluid 46 to pulsately accumulate and release into the reservoir 51. Alternatively, a portion of the pressurized working fluid can be bypassed from the cylinder and / or accumulator, and / or a motor can be used in the suction line to assist the movement of the aerofoil at low air velocity through regenerative action.

[0104] In an alternative embodiment, it will be understood that the generator 48 may be driven directly by the working fluid 46 displaced by the rotary positive displacement pump 50 without the reservoir 51 and control valve 52. However, depending on the configuration of the energy recovery device 10, specifically the capacity of the rotary positive displacement pump 50 relative to the flow rate and / or pressure of the working fluid 46 required to drive the generator 48, the reservoir 51 and control valve 52 may be advantageous. For example, if the amount of working fluid 46 displaced by the rotary positive displacement pump 50 is less than the amount of working fluid required to drive the generator 48, the reservoir 51 and control valve 52 are necessary for efficient operation. Furthermore, generators 48 known in the art are generally highly efficient and experience less mechanical stress when driven at a constant speed. The reservoir 51 and control valve 52 facilitate the storage of the displaced fluid and the release of the working fluid 46 at a controlled, constant flow rate and / or pressure.

[0105] As an optional additional feature, the reservoir 51 may be equipped with a flexible diaphragm 53. The diaphragm 53 deforms to accommodate an increase in the working fluid 46 in the reservoir 51. Furthermore, when the working fluid 46 is released by the control valve 52, the elasticity of the diaphragm 53 makes it easier to maintain a constant flow rate and / or pressure for a set time. In other words, the diaphragm 53 pushes the working fluid 46 out of the reservoir 51.

[0106] Figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment of a pressurized energy conversion system 29b, which may include preferred and optional features similar to those of the energy conversion system 29a shown in Figure 7. In contrast to Figure 7, the pivot shaft 34 is located between the first and second ends 31, 32 of the vibrating member 30. Furthermore, the fluid displacement device 47 takes the form of a linear positive displacement pump, specifically a piston 54. The second end 32 of the vibrating member 30 is connected to the piston 54 by a suitable mechanical connection 55 (for example, a slider-crank mechanism that converts the rotational motion of the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30 into linear motion suitable for driving the piston 54 during operation).

[0107] As an additional optional feature, the piston 54 may be biased by a spring 56. Advantageously, the spring 56 can assist the movement of the piston 54 when the rotational motion of the vibrating member 30 is insufficient to move the piston 54 itself. The spring 56 facilitates operation when the energy of the fluid flow incident on the foil 21 is low.

[0108] As an optional feature, a check valve 57 may be provided in the pipe 49 between the piston 54 and the reservoir 51. During operation, if there is a reverse fluid pressure from the reservoir 51 toward the piston 54 that exceeds the driving force of the rotating vibrating member 30, the check valve 57 ensures that the reverse fluid pressure does not actuate the piston 54. Similarly, as an additional or alternative feature, a check valve 57 may be provided in the return pipe 49 between the generator 48 and the piston 54 to prevent reverse fluid pressure from being applied to the generator 48.

[0109] The movements of the foils 21 shown in Figures 4 to 8 are independent. In other words, the movement of one foil 21 is not constrained by the movement of the other foils 21. Advantageously, the independent movement of the foils 21 allows each independent foil 21 to respond to local spatial fluctuations in the turbulent fluid flow 18, thus enabling efficient energy recovery within the turbulent fluid flow 18.

[0110] Figure 9 shows a further alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29c, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a and 29b shown in Figures 7 and 8. Figure 9 shows a hexagonal cross-section of the energy recovery device 10 in the xz plane, specifically showing four of the six ducts 17. Each of these four ducts 17 has a foil 21 and vibrating members 30 mounted radially with respect to the central axis 13 of the energy recovery device 10. All four vibrating members 30 are connected to a mechanical connection 55 located on the central axis 13. Advantageously, in this embodiment, each vibrating member 30 does not require a mechanical connection 55 and a piston 54, thus reducing the number of parts. Furthermore, in situations where a single foil 21 does not have enough force to drive the piston 54, multiple vibrating members 30 are mechanically connected together to the same piston 54, thus allowing multiple vibrating members 30 to advantageously drive a single piston 54 in such situations. It will be understood that four or more or four or fewer vibrating members 30 may be connected to the mechanical connection 55 and the piston 54. In a further alternative embodiment, it will be understood that multiple vibrating members 30 and associated foils 21 within a single duct 17 may all be connected to the mechanical connection 55 and the piston 54. Depending on the nature of the mechanical connection 55, the movement of the foils 21 may be dependent or independent, but it may be advantageous to maintain an angular offset between each foil 21.

[0111] Figure 10 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29d, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, and 29c shown in Figures 7-9. Figure 10 is a perspective view of the duct 17 of the energy recovery device 10. The duct 17 comprises three foils 21 arranged along the z-direction, which is the incident direction of the fluid flow 18. Each foil 21 rotates in the xz plane and is connected to a vibrating member 30 that drives a piston 54 via a mechanical connection 55. The three pistons 54 pressurize the working fluid 46 into a single common reservoir 51. As in the previously described embodiments, a control valve 52 releases the working fluid 46 from the reservoir 51 to drive a generator 48, after which the fluid is recirculated to each piston 54. The movement of the foils 21 shown in Figure 10 is independent because each foil 21 is connected to a separate mechanical connection 55 and piston 54.

[0112] Figure 11 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29e, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, and 29d shown in Figures 7 to 10. Similar to Figure 10, Figure 11 is a perspective view of the duct 17 of the energy recovery device 10. The duct 17 comprises two foils 21a, 21b arranged along the Z direction, namely a first upwind foil 21a and a second downwind foil 21b. The first foil 21a is at an angle of +α with respect to the z axis, and the second foil 21b is at an angle of -α with respect to the z axis. In other words, the phases of the rotational motion exhibited by the first foil 21a and the second foil 21a are offset by half a period. This phase offset can favorably enhance the operation and efficiency of the energy recovery device 10.

[0113] The first foil 21a is connected to a first mechanical connection 55a, which in turn is connected to a first piston 54a. Similarly, the second foil 21b is connected to a second mechanical connection 55b, which in turn is connected to a second piston 54b. The phase offset between the two foils 21a, 21b is provided by fluidically connecting the first and second pistons 54a, 54b, so that when the first piston 54a is in forward stroke, the second piston 54b is in reverse stroke, and vice versa.

[0114] More specifically, there are two fluid paths from the generator 48 to the reservoir 51, and four check valves 57 that control the fluid flow. When the first piston 54a is in a forward stroke and the second piston 54b is in a reverse stroke, the working fluid 46 flows along the path drawn by the red dashed arrow (i.e., the path through the check valves 57, the first piston 54a, the second piston 54b, and further check valves 57). Conversely, when the first piston 54a is in a reverse stroke and the second piston 54b is in a forward stroke, the working fluid 46 flows along the path drawn by the blue solid arrow (i.e., the path through the check valves 57, the second piston 54b, the first piston 54a, and further check valves 57). The movements of the first and second foils 21a, 21b may be dependent, or the movements of these two foils 21a, 21b may be independent of the other foils 21 in the energy recovery device 10.

[0115] Figure 12 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29f, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, and 29e shown in Figures 7-11. Similar to Figure 8, the pivot axis 34 shown in Figure 12 is located between the first and second ends 31, 32 of the vibrating member 30, and the fluid displacement device 47 further takes the form of a piston 54. However, in contrast to Figure 8, the piston 54 in Figure 12 is connected to the vibrating member 30 between the pivot point 34 and the first end 31 of the vibrating member 30, rather than between the pivot point 34 and the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30. The piston 54 and the vibrating member 30 are connected by a suitable mechanical connection 55.

[0116] The piston 54 of the pressurized energy conversion system 29b shown in Figure 8 needs to apply forward pressure toward the reservoir 51 so that no back pressure acts on the piston 54. This can be mitigated by the control valve 57, but for efficient operation, it is desirable that the piston 54 be configured to always provide forward pressure to the reservoir 51 despite the fluctuating forces that appear at the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30 due to the fluctuating turbulent fluid flow 18, as will be further described below.

[0117] Dynamic changes in resistance As shown in Figure 2, the velocity of the fluid flow incident on the energy recovery device 10 constantly changes. Furthermore, the direction and / or orientation of the fluid flow relative to the energy recovery device 10, particularly the duct 17, also changes. Therefore, there is variation in the lift generated by the foil 21, and consequently, variation in the generated torque. The torque represents the average hydraulic pressure that can be generated by the fluid displacement device 47 and is proportional to it.

[0118] While direction and / or orientation are used interchangeably, it should be noted that they are intended to refer to both directions in the traditional sense (e.g., N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, and intermediates) and orientations, which are angular values ​​relative to the horizontal (e.g., plus or minus X degrees). Therefore, it should be understood that a change in direction may not necessarily involve a change in orientation, and vice versa.

[0119] Table I quantifies the changes in torque, rotation frequency, and mean hydraulic pressure of the energy recovery device calculated for a given fluid velocity. When the fluid velocity is 4 to 14 m / s, the torque is 1.05 Nm to 12.89 Nm, and the mean hydraulic pressure is 10 to 135 bar. Table I: Predicted torque, rotation frequency, and mean hydraulic pressure of the energy recovery device calculated for a given fluid velocity. TIFF2026525104000002.tif106170

[0120] The pressurized energy conversion system 29 exhibits a resistance force determined, for example, by the configuration of the reservoir 51 or by one or more fluid displacement devices 47.

[0121] The pressurized energy conversion system 29 is said to include a reservoir 51 having a diaphragm 53 that is subjected to a specific pressure, such as 70 bar. In this case, if the inlet fluid velocity is 6 m / s, according to Table I, only an average hydraulic pressure of 25 bar is generated, which is not sufficient to move the 70 bar rated diaphragm 53, and the reservoir 51 is not pressurized. In other words, the resistance force of the pressurized energy conversion system 29 is too high at an inlet fluid velocity of 6 m / s. Therefore, one or more fluid displacement devices 47, and consequently the foil 21, do not move.

[0122] Conversely, if the inlet fluid velocity is 14 m / s, according to Table I, the average hydraulic pressure generated will be 134 bar, easily exceeding the 70 bar rating of the diaphragm 53 and pressurizing the reservoir 51. The resistance force of the pressure conversion system 29 is too low at an inlet velocity of 14 m / s. As a result, the movement of the fluid displacement device 47, and consequently the foil 21, becomes too fast, potentially damaging the energy recovery device 10.

[0123] The embodiments of the pressurized energy conversion system shown in Figures 13-20 present alternative, additional, and / or optional functions for dynamically changing the resistance force of the pressurized energy conversion system. Dynamic changes in resistance force compensate for fluctuations in turbulent fluid flow, maintain efficient operation of the energy recovery device 10, and / or maximize the energy recovered.

[0124] The dynamic change in drag force depends on the change in lift generated by one or more foils. The change in lift is due to the change in the fluid flow incident on the foils. Additionally and / or alternatively, the dynamic change in drag force depends on the change in the energy of the fluid flow incident on one or more foils. The change in the fluid flow energy is measured in the middle section of one or more ducts. The fluid flow energy depends on parameters including the fluid flow velocity, the fluid flow direction, the fluid flow orientation, and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity.

[0125] During operation, it is not possible to change the resistance force of the pressurized energy conversion system 29 by dynamically changing the dimensions, such as the diameter and / or volume, of one or more fluid displacement devices 47. Instead, in these embodiments, the resistance force is changed by (a) changing the flow rate of the working fluid displaced by one or more fluid displacement devices, and / or (b) by the pressurized energy conversion system including two or more reservoirs 51. The two or more reservoirs are configured to operate at two or more different pressures.

[0126] The force is proportional to the product of the pressure and the fluid flow rate. Therefore, even when the force appearing at the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30 is relatively small due to the low-energy fluid flow 18, it is possible to achieve the desired pressure directed toward the reservoir 51 by changing the flow rate of the working fluid 46.

[0127] Figure 13 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29g, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, 29e, and 29f shown in Figures 7-12. In contrast to Figure 8, Figure 13 shows a spring 56 located between the mechanical connection 55 of the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30 and the piston 54. The spring 56 changes the stroke length of the piston 54 in response to changes in the force applied to the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30. This changes the volume of the working fluid 46 displaced by the piston 54, in other words, the flow rate of the working fluid 46. As a result, the pressure of the working fluid 46 can be changed as needed.

[0128] Figure 14 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29h, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, 29e, 29f, and 29g shown in Figures 7-13. In contrast to Figure 13, instead of a spring 56, Figure 14 shows a second fluid displacement device 47b (also called a pre-fluid displacement device) positioned before the main first fluid displacement device 47a. In Figure 14, the first and second fluid displacement devices 47a, 47b take the form of pistons 54a, 54b. However, it will be understood that the first and second fluid displacement devices 47a, 47b may be of any type, and may be the same type or different types. During operation, the second piston 54b amplifies the pressure, for example, by changing the flow rate before acting on the first piston 54a.

[0129] Figure 15 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29i, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, 29e, 29f, 29g, and 29h shown in Figures 7-14. In contrast to Figure 14, the pressurized energy conversion system 29i of Figure 15 additionally comprises a motor 58 between the first and second pistons 54a, 54b. As an alternative embodiment, it will be understood that instead of, or in addition to, the motor 58 between the first and second pistons 54a, 54b, the motor 58 may be located between the reservoir 51 and the generator 48. Furthermore, the motor 58 may alternatively take the form of a pump. Furthermore, a gearbox may be attached to each motor and / or pump. The motors 58 and / or pumps can change the pressure and / or flow rate of the working fluid 76 in response to changes in the turbulent fluid flow 18.

[0130] Figure 16 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29j, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, 29e, 29f, 29g, 29h, and 29i shown in Figures 7–15. In contrast to Figure 8, instead of the check valve 57, Figure 16 comprises a proportional flow valve 59. The proportional flow valve 59 comprises a dynamically variable constriction that changes the flow rate of the working fluid 46, thereby changing the pressure of the working fluid 46. Although two proportional flow valves 59 are shown in Figure 16, it will be understood that more or fewer proportional flow valves 59 may be arranged within the pressurized energy conversion system 29j as needed. Furthermore, it will be understood that the proportional flow valves 59 may be mechanically and / or electronically controlled.

[0131] Figure 17 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29k, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, 29e, 29f, 29g, 29h, 29i, and 29j shown in Figures 7-16. In the embodiment of Figure 17, an expansion chamber 60 is further provided between the piston 54 and the reservoir 51. Additional working fluid 46 is introduced into the expansion chamber 60 in addition to the working fluid 46 discharged from the piston 54. This changes the volume of the working fluid 46 and alters the flow rate and / or pressure of the working fluid 46.

[0132] Figure 18 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29l, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, 29e, 29f, 29g, 29h, 29i, 29j, and 29k shown in Figures 7–17. In the embodiment of Figure 18, a piston 54 pushes the working fluid toward a pressure-dependent check valve 61. The pressure-dependent check valve 61 is connected to three reservoirs 51a, 51b, and 51c. The three reservoirs 51a, 51b, and 51c are connected to generators 48a, 48b, and 48c, respectively. Each generator 48a, 48b, and 48c has a different optimal operating pressure and / or flow rate, such as determined by the tension of a diaphragm 53. During operation, the pressure-dependent check valve 61 selectively directs the working fluid 46 discharged from the piston 54 to reservoirs 51a, 51b, 51c and corresponding generators 48a, 48b, 48c, depending on the pressure and / or flow rate of the working fluid 46. Advantageously, each generator 48a, 48b, 48c operates within optimal operating parameters even when the pressure and / or flow rate of the working fluid 46 changes due to the turbulent fluid flow 18. The resistance of this pressurized energy conversion system 29l is modified by selecting the appropriate reservoir 51 to direct the working fluid 46 in response to fluctuations in the fluid flow 18 incident on the foil 21.

[0133] Figure 19 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29m, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, 29e, 29f, 29g, 29h, 29i, 29j, 29k, and 29l shown in Figures 7-18. The embodiment in Figure 19 comprises first and second pistons 54a, 54b, first and second reservoirs 51a, 51b, and first and second control valves 52a, 52b. The second end 32 of the vibrating member 30 is connected to the first piston 54a, which displaces the working fluid 46 toward the first reservoir 51a. The first control valve 52a discharges the working fluid 46 toward the second piston 54b, which moves the fluid toward the second reservoir 52b. The second control valve 52b discharges the working fluid 46 toward the generator 48. Components 54a, 54b, 51a, 51b, 52a, and 52b facilitate further modification and control of the flow rate and / or pressure of the working fluid 46 directed to the generator 48.

[0134] Figure 20 shows an alternative embodiment of the piston 54 shown in Figures 8-19. Instead of a single piston 54, the pressurized energy conversion system 29 may comprise multiple pistons 54 (for example, three pistons 54a, 54b, and 54c as depicted in Figure 20a). The three pistons 54a, 54b, and 54c in Figure 20a are of the same size, i.e., capacity. During operation, at moments of high-energy fluid flow 18, the force at the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30 may be sufficient to actuate all three pistons 54a, 54b, and 54c. Conversely, at moments of low-energy fluid flow 18, the force at the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30 may be sufficient to actuate only one of the three pistons 54a, 54b, and 54c. In other words, the multiple pistons 54a, 54b, and 54c provide a means of changing the displacement of the working fluid 46, and as a result, the flow rate and / or pressure of the working fluid 46 changes.

[0135] As a further alternative to the single piston 54 shown in Figures 8-19, Figure 20b shows three pistons of different sizes 54a', 54b', and 54c'. The larger piston 54c' displaces a larger volume of working fluid 46 compared to the smaller piston 54a'. This makes it easier to maximize the energy recovered under a wider range of fluid flow conditions 18. Even at very low-energy fluid flow moments 18, there is still enough force to actuate the smaller piston 54a'. On the other hand, at very high-energy fluid flow moments 18, there is enough force to actuate all three pistons 54a', 54b', and 54c', and the working fluid 46 displaced by the larger piston 54c' is maximized.

[0136] As a further alternative, instead of separate pistons 54a', 54b', and 54c' of different sizes, the same function may be achieved with a single piston 54'' having two or more openings 62a, 62b of different sizes within a single piston 54'', as shown in Figure 20c.

[0137] Figures 21A and 21B show another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29n, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, 29e, 29f, 29g, 29h, 29i, 29j, 29k, 29l, and 29m shown in Figures 7-20. In the embodiments of Figures 20A and 20B, the rotational motion of the foil 21 and the vibrating member 30 is converted into rotational or semi-rotational motion by a suitable mechanical connection 55 to the second end 32 of the vibrating member 30. This rotational or semi-rotational motion drives a shaft 63, which drives a fluid displacement device 47 in the form of a swash plate piston configuration 64. The swash plate piston configuration 64 comprises a swash plate 65, a pair of pistons 66 arranged circumferentially around a central axis 67, and a corresponding piston block 68. Advantageously, as can be seen by comparing Figures 20A and 20B, the pitch of the swash plate 65 relative to the central axis 67 can be dynamically changed to alter the volume of the working fluid 46 displaced by a pair of pistons 66. In other words, this allows the flow rate of the working fluid 46 directed to the generator 48 to be changed and / or controlled and / or matched. The pitch of the swash plate 65 can be adjusted by hydraulic and / or mechanical means.

[0138] Figure 22 shows another alternative embodiment of the pressurized energy conversion system 29o, which may include the same preferred and optional features as the energy conversion systems 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d, 29e, 29f, 29g, 29h, 29i, 29j, 29k, 29l, 29m, and 29n shown in Figures 7-21. Similar to the embodiment in Figure 18, one or more pistons 54 displace the working fluid 46 toward a pressure-dependent check valve 61. The pressure-dependent check valve 61 is connected to three reservoirs 51a, 51b, and 51c. The reservoirs 51a, 51b, and 51c are configured to operate at fluid pressures of 10 bar, 70 bar, and 100 bar. During operation, the pressure-dependent check valve 61 selectively directs the working fluid 46 displaced by the pistons 54 toward one of the three reservoirs 51a, 51b, and 51c, depending on the pressure of the working fluid 46. The pressure-dependent check valve 61 selectively guides the working fluid 46 based on inputs such as the fluid velocity at the inlet. The resistance of the pressurized energy system is dynamically varied by selecting reservoirs 51a, 51b, and 51c with different rated pressures. In contrast to Figure 18, the embodiment in Figure 22 consists of a single generator 48 suitable for being driven by the 70 bar reservoir 51b. The low-pressure (10 bar) and high-pressure (100 bar) reservoirs 51a and 51c pressurize the 70 bar reservoir 51b by a pressure amplifier 69, which increases (or decreases) the pressure based on the differential piston principle (a larger diameter piston pushing a smaller diameter piston, or vice versa). Advantageously, even with fluctuations in the fluid flow 18, this configuration of the pressurized energy conversion system 29o optimizes the energy recovered.

[0139] Various embodiments of the pressurized energy conversion system 29 shown in Figures 7-22 are described above in the context of the working fluid 46. The working fluid 46 may be a liquid or a gas, and it will be understood that the pressurized energy conversion system 29 may be a hydraulic or pneumatic energy conversion system.

[0140] The foil 21 of the energy recovery device 10 may be configured to have a response time of less than 60 seconds, less than 30 seconds, less than 10 seconds, less than 5 seconds, or on the order of 1 second. In other words, the foil 21 may have low inertia. The foil may be small and lightweight relative to the incident fluid flow 18.

[0141] Advantageously, the movement of the foil 21 can respond to the temporal changes in the turbulent fluid flow 18, allowing for efficient energy recovery.

[0142] The energy recovery device 10 comprises a plurality of foils 21. More specifically, Figure 4 shows two foils 21 in each of the six ducts 17 of the energy recovery device 10. It will be understood that each duct 17 may have more or fewer foils 21, and the energy recovery device 10 may have more or fewer ducts 17. The energy recovery device 10 comprises a plurality of vibrating members 30. A single foil 21 is attached to a single vibrating member 30, which is connected to a pressurized energy conversion system 29. The pressurized energy conversion system 29 may comprise a single fluid displacement device 47 connected to the plurality of vibrating members 30, or one fluid displacement device 47 may be connected to each vibrating member 30. One or more fluid displacement devices 47 may be connected to one or more reservoirs 51. One or more fluid displacement devices 47 may drive one or more generators 48.

[0143] Energy recovery system Figure 23 shows an energy recovery system 70 that includes multiple energy recovery devices 10. Because the energy recovery system 70 has more foils 21 than a single energy recovery device 10, it has a greater ability to recover energy from the fluid flow 18. The energy recovery system 70 can take the form of a wall, fence, structural or building panel, or component within a structure. The energy recovery system 70 can be placed in areas where the fluid flow 18 is large, and especially where the turbulent fluid flow 18 is large.

[0144] For example, in a wind energy recovery system 70 where the fluid in the fluid flow 18 is air, high turbulence can be seen near highways and airports, or on top of tall buildings.

[0145] As another example, in the case of a liquid flow energy recovery system 70 where the fluid of the fluid flow 18 is, for example, water, high turbulence can occur in seawalls, tidal estuaries, dams, river flood control structures, bridge supports, or water transport pipes. It would be understood that the liquid flow energy recovery system 70 is submerged in water.

[0146] The energy recovery system 70 shown in Figure 12 comprises a central reservoir 51 and a central generator 48. More specifically, a fluid displacement device 47 in each energy recovery device 10 sends the working fluid 46 of the pressurized energy conversion system 29 to the central reservoir 51, which drives the central generator 48. Advantageously, the energy recovery system 70 requires only one generator 48, which can be a high-capacity generator.

[0147] Rotary energy recovery device Figures 24 and 25 show a rotary energy recovery device 71a. As shown in Figure 22, the energy recovery device 71a comprises a central spindle 72 having a central axis S. Two radial arms 73 are mechanically connected to this central spindle 72, extending radially from the central spindle 72. Each radial arm 73 is mechanically connected to the central spindle 72 via a gear array 74. Each radial arm 73 has a central axis R and comprises two turbines 75 mechanically connected to the radial arm 73. The turbines 75 are mechanically connected to the radial arm 73 via another gear array 74. Each turbine 75 comprises three foils 76 extending radially from the turbine rotation axis 77.

[0148] The energy recovery device 71a includes a pressurized energy conversion system 29 as shown in Figure 7. The fluid displacement device 47 is mechanically attached to the central spindle 72.

[0149] During operation, the fluid flow 18 flows through the foil 76, inducing lift. This lift causes the foil 76 to rotate, rotating around the turbine rotation axis 77. Via the gear array 74, the rotation of the turbine 75 causes the radial arm 73 to rotate around its central axis R, and the central spindle 72 to rotate around its central axis S. Therefore, the rotation of the turbine 75 drives the radial arm 73 to rotate around both its central axis R and the central axis S of the central spindle 72. The pressurized energy conversion system 29 converts the motion of the central spindle 72 into electricity in the same manner as described in Figure 7.

[0150] The turbine 75 comprises three foils 76, but it will be understood that the turbine 75 may have any suitable number of foils 76. Furthermore, it will be understood that the exact shape and dimensions of the foils 76 are not important to the present invention and therefore may have any suitable shape and dimensions.

[0151] Figure 25 shows an alternative rotary energy recovery device 71b. This energy recovery device 71b has all the features of the energy recovery device 71a shown in Figure 24. Furthermore, this energy recovery device comprises an additional radial arm 73 and an additional turbine 75 on each radial arm 73, with each radial arm 73 comprising three turbines 75. The central spindle 72, radial arms 73, and turbines 75 are arranged within a duct 78. The central spindle 72 is located in the center of the duct 78, and each radial arm 73 extends to the inner circumference of the duct 78. Advantageously, the duct 78 acts to direct the fluid flow 18 to the energy recovery device 71b.

[0152] As shown in Figure 25, the cross-sectional shape of the duct 78 is approximately circular. However, it will be understood that the cross-sectional shape of the duct 78 can have any suitable shape.

[0153] As an additional optional feature, it will be understood that the radial arms 73 may be distributed radially with respect to the central spindle 72 and / or distributed along the length of the central spindle 72.

[0154] The energy recovery device 71 shown in Figures 24 and 25 advantageously captures a larger sweepable area (i.e., the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid flow 18 in contact with the turbine 75) than conventional horizontal-axis wind turbines, and therefore improves the efficiency of energy recovery. This is because the energy recovery device 71 captures a larger portion of the energy of the fluid flow 18 incident on the device 71. Furthermore, because the foil is relatively small and / or has less inertia compared to conventional horizontal-axis wind turbines, the response time of the energy recovery device 71 is very small, about 1 second. This short response time allows for efficient energy extraction from the turbulent fluid.

[0155] Method for manufacturing an energy recovery device Figure 26 shows a flowchart of a method for manufacturing the energy recovery device 10. The method includes the steps of: providing one or more foils 21 configured to respond to changes in fluid flow with a response time of less than 60 seconds (S1001); providing a working fluid 46 for a pressurized energy conversion system 29 (S1002); providing one or more fluid displacement devices 47 for the pressurized energy conversion system 29, the one or more fluid displacement devices 47 configured to be driven by the movement of one or more foils 21 (S1003); and providing a generator 48 configured to be driven by the working fluid 46 (S1004).

[0156] Another methodology may provide a method that further includes a step of characterizing the fluid flow 18. For example, this may include characterizing the mean fluid velocity, fluid velocity distribution, turbulence, turbulence intensity, fluid flow shear profile, fluid flow direction distribution, long-term temporal variation of the fluid flow, and local spatial variation of the fluid flow.

[0157] Another methodology may provide a method that further includes the step of utilizing the characteristics of the fluid flow 18 to determine the optimal parameters of the energy recovery device 10. For example, this optimization process may include determining the dimensions of the energy recovery device 10, the dimensions and / or shape of the duct 17, the shape, structure, configuration and / or relative position of the foil 21, and the configuration of the pressurized energy conversion system 29.

[0158] The energy recovery devices 10 and 71 according to the present invention have many advantages. The main advantage is that the energy recovery devices 10 and 71 have a fast response time of less than 60 seconds, more specifically about 1 second, so that they can efficiently recover energy from the turbulent fluid flow 18. In other words, the foil 21 has low inertia. As a result, the movement of the foil 21 reflects the state of the fluid flow at that moment, rather than the previous moment.

[0159] Another important advantage is that the movement of at least two foils 71 of the energy recovery device 10 is independent. In other words, the independent foils 21 can respond to local spatial changes in the turbulent fluid flow 18, and energy can be recovered efficiently without inducing mechanical stress on the components of the energy recovery devices 10 and 71.

[0160] A further important advantage is the combination of the energy recovery devices 10 and 71 with the pressurized energy conversion system 29. The pressurized energy conversion system 29 provides greater flexibility and ease of implementation when designing and implementing the energy recovery devices 10 and 71. For example, multiple foils 21 can be easily coupled to the pressurized energy conversion system 29.

[0161] Another advantage of the present invention is that one cycle of one or more foils 21 corresponds to one cycle of one or more fluid displacement devices 47. More specifically, in the context of Figure 8, the entire rotational motion cycle of the foil 21 corresponds to the entire stroke cycle of the piston 54. This configuration results in a highly responsive energy recovery device because it not only has a short foil response time but also a fast conversion of kinetic energy.

[0162] Another important advantage is that the energy recovery device of the present invention can dynamically change the resistance force of the pressurized energy conversion system to compensate for changes in fluid velocity and / or direction and / or orientation. This maximizes the energy obtained from the fluctuating fluid flow because the movement of the foil is not restricted by the pressurized energy conversion system.

[0163] An energy recovery device is disclosed. This energy recovery device comprises one or more foils and a pressurized energy conversion system. The pressurized energy conversion system comprises a working fluid, one or more fluid displacement devices configured to be driven by the movement of one or more foils, and one or more generators configured to be driven by the working fluid. Advantageously, the energy recovery device can efficiently recover energy from a turbulent fluid flow.

[0164] Throughout this specification, unless otherwise specified in the context, the terms “to include” or “to contain,” or variations such as “to include” or “to possess,” “to contain” or “to contain,” shall be understood to mean that the specified integer or group of integers is included, but not that other integers or groups of integers are excluded. Furthermore, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the term “or” shall be interpreted as inclusive, not exclusive.

[0165] The above description of the invention is presented for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the exact form disclosed. The embodiments described are selected and described in order to best illustrate the principles of the invention and their practical applications, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to best utilize the invention with various embodiments and modifications suitable for the particular intended use. Accordingly, further modifications or improvements may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An energy recovery device, One or more foils and The system comprises a pressurized energy conversion system, and the pressurized energy conversion system is Working fluid and One or more fluid displacement devices configured to be driven by the movement of one or more foils, It comprises one or more generators configured to be driven by a working fluid, The pressurized energy conversion system is configured to dynamically change the resistance force of the pressurized energy conversion system in response to changes in the fluid flow incident on the one or more foils, and is an energy recovery device.

2. The energy recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic change in the resistive force optimizes the energy recovered by the energy recovery device.

3. The energy recovery device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dynamic change in the drag force depends on the change in lift generated by the one or more foils.

4. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dynamic change in the resistance force depends on the change in the energy of the fluid flow incident on the one or more foils.

5. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the dynamic change in the resistive force includes changing the flow rate of the working fluid displaced by the one or more fluid displacement devices.

6. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the dynamic change of the resistive force further comprises two or more reservoirs configured to operate at two or more different pressures.

7. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the one or more foils are configured to have low inertia.

8. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the movement of the one or more foils is independent.

9. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the energy recovery device further comprises one or more ducts, and one or more foils are arranged within the one or more ducts.

10. The energy recovery device according to claim 9, wherein the change in fluid flow is measured in the intermediate portion of the one or more ducts.

11. The energy recovery device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein each of the one or more ducts has two or more foils.

12. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the energy recovery device further comprises one or more vibrating members, and the one or more vibrating members connect the one or more foils to the pressurized energy conversion system.

13. The one or more vibrating members are configured to rotate about a pivot axis located between the first and second ends of the one or more vibrating members, or The energy recovery device according to claim 12, wherein the one or more vibrating members are configured to rotate about a pivot axis located at the second end of the one or more vibrating members.

14. The energy recovery device according to claim 13, wherein the one or more foils are configured to exhibit rotational motion about the pivot axis and rotational motion about a rotation axis extending along the span direction of the one or more foils, and the rotation axis is perpendicular to the pivot axis.

15. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the one or more fluid displacement devices include a pump, and / or a positive displacement pump, and / or a rotary positive displacement pump, and / or a reciprocating positive displacement pump, and / or a piston, and / or a half-rotation actuator, and / or a swash plate piston configuration.

16. The energy recovery device according to claims 12 to 15, wherein the one or more fluid displacement devices are connected to one or more vibrating members.

17. The energy recovery device according to claim 16, further comprising one or more mechanical connections connecting the one or more fluid displacement devices to the one or more vibrating members.

18. The one or more fluid displacement devices described above are connected to the vibrating member, The pivot point, and / or, Between the pivot point and the first end of the vibrating member, and / or The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 13 to 17, which is connected between the pivot point and the second end of the vibrating member.

19. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising two or more fluid displacement devices, which are fluidly connected in series or in parallel, and / or of different types and / or sizes.

20. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the pressurized energy conversion system further comprises one or more pressure boosting devices.

21. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the pressurized energy conversion system comprises one or more control valves and / or one or more check valves and / or one or more proportional flow valves and / or one or more pressure-dependent check valves.

22. The energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the pressurized energy conversion system comprises an expansion chamber.

23. The energy recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more foils are configured as one or more turbines, the one or more turbines are mechanically connected to one or more radial arms, and the radial arms are connected to a central spindle.

24. The energy recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is a gas or a liquid.

25. An energy recovery system comprising two or more energy recovery devices according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

26. The energy recovery system according to claim 25, wherein the energy recovery system comprises a central reservoir and / or a central generator.

27. A method for manufacturing an energy recovery device, The steps include providing one or more foils, The steps include providing the working fluid for a pressurized energy conversion system, A step of providing one or more fluid displacement devices for the pressurized energy conversion system, wherein the one or more fluid displacement devices are configured to be driven by the movement of the one or more foils, The steps include providing a generator configured to be driven by the aforementioned working fluid, A method comprising the step of configuring the pressurized energy conversion system to dynamically change the resistance force of the pressurized energy conversion system in response to a change in the fluid flow incident on the one or more foils.

28. Use of an energy recovery device according to any one of claims 1 to 24 or an energy recovery system according to claim 25 or 26 for generating electrical energy.

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