IoT-based Automatic Power Factor Improvement System for Three-Phase Motors

Abstract

Provided is an IoT-based automatic power factor improvement system. 【Solution means】System 100 includes a three-phase induction motor 102, a power and energy monitor 104, a relay 106, a microcontroller (Arduino (registered trademark)) 108, a three-pole contactor 110, a capacitor 112, and a liquid crystal display 114. System 100 is configured to automatically improve the power factor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electrical systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to an IoT-based automatic power factor improvement system for three-phase motors.

Background Art

[0002] Most of the industries in India operate with inductive loads. Inductive loads cause a decrease in power factor, which in turn affects the efficiency of the entire system. A low power factor shortens the life of the equipment. Therefore, it is important to maintain the power factor at an accurate value. The power factor is a value from 0 to 1. When the power factor is in the range of 0.95 to 1, it is said to indicate good and efficient energy utilization. It is important to develop an appropriate improvement device for monitoring the power factor of the system and making the necessary adjustments when it falls below the specified limit value defined by the standard.

[0003] The power factor of an electrical system indicates the efficiency of the system in converting the supplied power into productive work. An insufficient power factor results in large losses and penalties imposed by the power company. In modern industries that employ mechanized technologies, the power factor decreases as a result of using various electrical devices that require more reactive power. Maintaining the monthly average power factor close to 1 results in a significant reduction in electricity costs.

[0004] Shunt capacitor banks for power factor correction (PFC) are a well-established technology. Currently, there is an increasing trend to automate the switching process of capacitors in order to maximize their effect in real time. Microcontroller-based embedded systems are reliable and efficient for monitoring and controlling the switching of improvement devices.

[0005] Capacitors are effective in reducing losses caused particularly by kilovar current. Losses are proportional to the square of the current, and as the power factor improves, the current decreases proportionally. Therefore, losses are inversely proportional to the square of the power factor. Capacitors exhibit a small amount of loss, corresponding to only 0.33% of the kilovar rating.

[0006] Therefore, alternative means are required to eliminate the aforementioned problems.

Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention discloses an IoT-based automatic power factor improvement system 100. The system 100 includes a three-phase induction motor 102, a power and energy monitor 104, a relay 106, a microcontroller (Arduino) 108, a three-pole contactor 110, a capacitor 112, and a liquid crystal display 114. The system 100 is configured to automatically improve the power factor.

Effect of the Invention

[0008] The present invention discloses an IoT-based automatic power factor improvement system 100 used to improve the power factor of a three-phase motor.

[0009] The present invention discloses a system 100 that is economically effective for a three-phase induction motor.

[0010] That system 100 improves the power factor from 0.80 to 0.99 during a full-load test.

[0011] That system 100 has enhanced ability to withstand heavier loads in the current circuit and enhanced voltage regulation with less loss.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012]

Figure 1

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013] The present invention discloses an IoT-based automatic power factor improvement system 100 constructed using an embedded system. The system samples voltage signals and current signals and takes them in as inputs. The phase angle difference is determined by comparing the arrival times of the waveforms. This difference is quantified using an internal timer and adjusted as the phase angle for calculating the relevant power factor. The power factor of the system is compared with a target level, and this difference is quantified to determine the number of capacitors that need to be switched from the bank. The power factor and phase delay values are conveniently displayed on the display. As shown in FIG. 1, this system includes a three-phase induction motor 102, a power and energy monitor (PZEM) 104, a relay 106, a microcontroller (Arduino) 108, a three-pole contactor 110, capacitors 112, and a liquid crystal display 114. The system 100 is configured to automatically improve the power factor. The system 100 is implemented to improve the power factor. Various elements are used, such as a power and energy monitor (PZEM) 104 like PZEM-004TV30, an Arduino Uno 108, a relay, a three-pole contactor 110, a 50 microfarad capacitor 112, an x / 1 current transformer, and a 16×2 liquid crystal display 114. A voltage of 440V is supplied to the motor 102, and the PZEM 104 is directly connected to the phases to measure current and voltage. The PZEM 104 calculates the angle between the voltage waveform and the current waveform to determine the power factor. The microcontroller 108 is programmed to activate the connection between the capacitor and the load when a low power factor state is detected. The microcontroller 108 is connected to a relay 106 that controls the contactor 110, and the contactor 110 connects the capacitor 112 to the circuit. Further, the microcontroller 108 is connected to a display 114 that displays a plurality of indicators such as voltage, current, power factor angle, frequency, active power, reactive power, and apparent power.

Industrial Applicability

[0014] This invention is beneficial to three-phase motors.

Claims

[Claim 1] An IoT-based automatic power factor correction system 100, comprising: The system includes a three-phase induction motor 102, a power and energy monitor 104, a relay 106, a microcontroller (Arduino) 108, a three-pole contactor 110, a capacitor 112, and a liquid crystal display 114. The microcontroller 108 activates a connection between the capacitor 112 and the load when a low power factor condition is detected to automatically improve the power factor.

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