Geological disaster monitoring and warning system

Abstract

This geological disaster monitoring and warning system provides precise targeting and coverage of key monitoring areas in complex terrain, improving the overall reliability and maintainability of the system during long-term field operations. [Solution] The geological disaster monitoring and warning device includes a base 1 fixed to the installation location, a sensing support frame component, and a sealed cabinet 2 integrating a power supply, data acquisition, and wireless communication module. The sensing support frame component achieves horizontal rotation by the meshing of a support column 5 with an internal gear ring of the base, and the elevation angle is adjusted by the interlocking of an elevation adjustment mechanism and a swivel arm 6. Multiple types of sensors are attached to the sensor mounting plate at the tip of the swivel arm to monitor geological disaster conditions. Sensor cables are routed through passages inside the swivel arm and support column and connected to modules inside the cabinet via conductive slip rings. This improves the adaptability of monitoring under complex terrain conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, and particularly relates to a geological disaster monitoring and warning device.

Background Art

[0002] Geological disaster monitoring and warning devices are mainly used to implement real-time monitoring and dynamic risk assessment for typical geological disaster phenomena such as landslides, debris flows, and cliff collapses. They have broad and important application values in areas prone to geological disasters such as mountainous and hilly areas, abandoned mine sites, along roads and railways, and slope construction sites. Such devices usually integrate various high-precision sensors such as displacement sensors, tilt angle sensors, rain gauges, and soil moisture sensors, and are used to continuously collect various parameters such as the deformation, inclination, rainfall infiltration, and water content changes of geological structures. In addition, through the built-in data transmission module (4G / 5G, Beidou short message, LoRa [registered trademark]), monitoring information is transmitted to the remote monitoring center in real-time or near real-time, providing data support for pre-disaster warnings and scientific judgments.

[0003] However, most conventional geological disaster monitoring and warning devices adopt a fixed installation structure in actual installation. Once the sensors are installed, it is difficult to flexibly adjust their spatial positions and monitoring directions according to changes in site conditions. Under a complex and variable geological environment or when the monitoring object changes gradually, such a fixed layout may cause some sensors to fail to accurately capture the main deformation area or be unable to effectively monitor the main displacement direction, reducing the representativeness and reliability of the data, and further affecting the accuracy and timeliness of the warning model.

[0004] Furthermore, some early monitoring devices have certain limitations in terms of system integration, particularly in the case of connections between power modules and communication units that rely on external cables. This not only increases the complexity of installation but also makes them susceptible to interference from natural factors such as lightning strikes, wind and rain, vegetation growth, or animal gnawing in harsh outdoor environments, leading to problems such as disconnections, short circuits, or signal attenuation. This also reduces the overall reliability of the system, significantly increasing the frequency and cost of maintenance and inspections, and limiting its widespread adoption and application in large-scale, long-term monitoring projects. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] This invention aims to provide a type of geological disaster monitoring and warning device, solving the problems of conventional technology, such as the difficulty in adjusting the installation position and direction of sensors, the low degree of integration of power supply and communication modules, and the low adaptability to outdoor environments due to reliance on external cable connections. This device achieves precise targeting and coverage of key monitoring areas in complex terrain through an adjustable multi-directional sensing support frame structure and an integrated power supply and communication cabinet design, thereby improving the overall reliability and maintainability of the system in long-term outdoor operation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] To achieve the above objective, this invention employs the following technical solution: The geological disaster monitoring and warning device includes a base, an anchoring mechanism for fixing the base to the installation location, a sensing support frame component, and a cabinet fixedly connected to the base.

[0007] The sensing support frame component includes a support column, a swivel arm, an elevation adjustment mechanism, and a sensor mounting plate, the sensor mounting plate being used to mount one or more of the following: a displacement sensor, an inclination angle sensor, a rain gauge, or a soil moisture sensor.

[0008] The bottom end of the support column is rotatably connected to the base, a drive gear is provided on the circumferential surface of the support column, and an internal gear ring that meshes with the drive gear is provided on the base, allowing the support column to rotate horizontally relative to the base.

[0009] One end of the swivel arm is hinged to the upper part of the support column, and the elevation adjustment mechanism is installed between the support column and the swivel arm and is used to adjust and fix the elevation angle of the swivel arm.

[0010] The sensor mounting plate is installed at the end of the swivel arm furthest from the support column.

[0011] The aforementioned cabinet is a sealed enclosure, and a power supply module, a data acquisition module, and a wireless communication module are integrated inside.

[0012] A conductive slip ring unit is provided inside the support column, and the swivel arm has a hollow structure with a cable passage inside. The sensor attached to the sensor mounting plate is electrically connected to the data acquisition module in the cabinet via a cable, sequentially via the cable passage in the swivel arm, the passage inside the support column, and the conductive slip ring unit.

[0013] The elevation adjustment mechanism includes an arch-shaped slide groove formed on the support column, a slide block slidably installed within the arch-shaped slide groove, and a link rod connecting the slide block and the pivot arm. The slide block is fixed at any position in the arch-shaped slide groove via a fastening member.

[0014] The sensor mounting plate is connected to the end of the swivel arm via a universal joint, and the universal joint is provided with a locking bolt for fixing its angle.

[0015] A drainage channel is provided on the upper surface of the base. A retractable lid is provided on the top of the cabinet, and a sealing gasket is provided on the contact surface between the lid and the cabinet. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] This invention achieves flexible adjustment of the spatial orientation of the sensor across multiple degrees of freedom. Specifically, the base is pivotally connected to the bottom of the support column, and its drive gear meshes with the internal gear ring of the base, allowing the entire support frame to rotate 360° horizontally around the central axis of the base. The swivel arm is hinged to the support column, and the elevation angle is adjusted and fixed via an elevation adjustment mechanism consisting of an arch-shaped slide groove, a slide block, and a link rod. The sensor mounting plate is installed at the end of the swivel arm. With this structure, sensors such as displacement and tilt angle sensors attached to it can be accurately directed towards major monitoring targets such as landslide bodies, unstable slope surfaces, and debris flow channels under complex terrain conditions. This overcomes the drawback of conventional fixed mountings, which cannot flexibly adjust the monitoring direction, improving the spatial representativeness and timeliness of data collection and providing a foundation for precise alarms.

[0017] This invention highly integrates power supply, data acquisition, and wireless communication functions within a single sealed cabinet, fixedly connected to a base. This integrated design eliminates the need for the distributed and redundant external power lines and signal cables found in conventional devices. In harsh outdoor environments, this measure is advantageous in reducing the risk of failure due to cable degradation, accidental disconnection, animal damage, or corrosion of connections. At the same time, the centralized housing of the modules simplifies the overall structure of the device, making on-site installation quicker and easier.

[0018] This invention effectively ensures the continuity of electrical connections and cable safety through a special design in the cable routing and rotating joint. After being routed from the sensor mounting plate, the sensor cable is routed through pre-prepared passages inside the hollow swivel arm and support column, and finally connected to a conductive slip ring unit integrated at the rotating part of the support column. This design prevents the internal cable from twisting when the sensing support frame performs horizontal rotation and elevation adjustments. The conductive slip rings ensure continuous and stable transmission of power and signals between the rotating and stationary parts. This series of designs, using an internal cable routing method and slip rings, avoids problems of cable wear, tension, or breakage caused by mechanical motion, improving the long-term reliability of the system's mechanical motion and the stability of electrical connections.

[0019] This invention incorporates multiple protective measures in its structure to enhance environmental adaptability and cope with harsh outdoor climates such as humidity and heavy rainfall. An annular drainage channel is designed on the top surface of the base to quickly guide rainwater away from the central area of ​​the device and prevent submersion. The top of the cabinet employs a removable cover plate with a sealing gasket, forming a reliable dustproof and waterproof seal. Furthermore, the wireless communication antenna area exposed to the outside is provided with a protective cover that has good radio wave transparency. These detailed designs work together to effectively prevent erosion of the core electronic module and external interfaces by environmental factors such as rainwater, humidity, dust, and ultraviolet rays, ensuring long-term durable operation of the device in various harsh outdoor environments and reducing the probability of failure due to environmental factors. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0020] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall structure of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the connection relationship between the sensing support frame components and the base. [Figure 3] Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the assembly relationship between the cabinet and the base. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of the elevation adjustment mechanism. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure. [Figure 6] Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of the cabinet.

Embodiments for Implementing the Invention

[0021] Hereinafter, referring to the drawings attached to the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described.

[0022] The present invention provides a kind of geological disaster monitoring and warning device. The device is applicable to long-term field monitoring scenarios in complex terrain areas such as mountain landslides, slope instabilities, and debris flow channels. Through the integration of the structure and the mechanical adjustment mechanism, the device realizes the multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of the sensor placement direction (including horizontal rotation and pitch angle adjustment), and precisely adapts to various terrains and monitoring needs. The whole device adopts a modular design, highly integrating the power supply system, data collection unit and wireless communication module in a sealed cabinet with waterproof, dustproof and corrosion-resistant properties, effectively blocking the influence of external moisture, rainwater and dust. This structure not only improves the operation stability and reliability of the device under harsh environments such as high altitude, strong wind and heavy rain, but also reduces the complexity and time cost of on-site deployment, and realizes the integrated function of rapid installation and remote monitoring.

[0023] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the present invention includes a base 1, a sensing support structure component, a cabinet 2 and an anchor mechanism 3. The base 1 is a disc-shaped metal structure, manufactured by integral casting using stainless steel or aluminum alloy materials. A plurality of through holes are provided at the bottom thereof, and it is used to realize the fixed connection with the ground or the rock mass through anchor bolts. An annular mounting groove is installed in the central area of the upper surface of the base 1, and an internal gear ring is installed in this annular mounting groove, and the tooth shape of the internal gear ring is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0024] The sensing support frame component includes a support column 5, a swivel arm 6, an elevation adjustment mechanism, and a sensor mounting plate 4. The bottom end of the support column 5 is rotatably connected to the center position of the base 1 via a rolling bearing, and a conductive slip ring unit is integrated above the rolling bearing, allowing the support column 5 to rotate horizontally around the central axis of the base 1 while simultaneously ensuring the continuity of the electrical connection. A drive gear is installed on the lower outer surface of the support column 5, and this drive gear meshes with the teeth of an internal gear ring on the base 1. When an operator manually rotates the support column 5, the drive gear rotates along the teeth of the internal gear ring, thereby enabling 360° horizontal rotation of the entire sensing support frame component.

[0025] One end of the slewing arm 6 is hinged to the upper part of the support column 5, allowing the slewing arm 6 to swing up and down in the vertical plane. The elevation adjustment mechanism includes an arched slide groove and a slide block. The arched slide groove is fixed to the outside of the support column 5, and its center of curvature coincides with the axis of the hinge shaft. As the slide block moves within the arched slide groove, the torque transmitted by the link rod is always perpendicular to the trajectory of the slewing arm 6. The slide block is slidable along the arched slide groove and can be fixed in any position via a tightening bolt. The slide block is connected to the middle of the slewing arm 6 via a link rod. As the slide block moves up or down along the arched slide groove, the link rod pushes or pulls the slewing arm 6, thereby changing its elevation angle.

[0026] The sensor mounting plate 4 is connected to the other end of the swivel arm 6 via a universal joint with a locking bolt, and its surface is provided with multiple standardized interfaces, allowing for the attachment of one or more of displacement sensors, tilt angle sensors, rain gauges, or soil moisture sensors. Each sensor is electrically connected to the cabinet 2 via an internal cable and a conductive slip ring unit. The back surface of the sensor mounting plate 4 is provided with heat dissipation fins, which extend vertically and are manufactured by integral extrusion molding using aluminum material, increasing the contact area with air and improving the heat dissipation performance of the sensor in high-temperature environments.

[0027] Cabinet 2 is a sealed cylindrical enclosure made of high-strength engineering plastic or aluminum alloy material, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top surface of Base 1 via bolts. Inside Cabinet 2, a power module, a data acquisition module, and a wireless communication module are integrated. The power module includes a rechargeable battery pack and a solar charging interface, which is routed to the outside of Cabinet 2 via a waterproof connector and used to connect an external solar panel. The data acquisition module is connected to each sensor via internal cables and receives and processes sensing signals. The wireless communication module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and transmits the processed data to a remote monitoring center via a wireless network.

[0028] A cover plate 7 is provided on the top of the cabinet 2, and the cover plate 7 is connected to the cabinet 2 via a latch structure. A sealing gasket is provided on the inside of the cover plate 7, and the sealing gasket is positioned along the edge of the cover plate 7 and is manufactured by molding using silicone rubber material. When the cover plate 7 is closed, the sealing gasket is in close contact with the upper edge of the cabinet 2, forming a continuous sealing interface and ensuring the waterproof and dustproof performance of the internal module.

[0029] An angle scale ring is provided on the upper outer surface of the support column 5, and the angle scale ring is aligned with a reference mark on the base 1. The reference mark is a straight line mark engraved on the upper surface of the base 1, and the angle scale ring displays scale lines from 0° to 360°. When the sensing support frame component rotates, the worker can accurately record the current horizontal phase of the sensor mounting plate 4 by reading the relative position of the angle scale ring and the reference mark.

[0030] A protective cover is provided on the outer wall of cabinet 2. The protective cover is made of translucent polycarbonate material and is fixed to the outer wall of cabinet 2 via latches or screws, covering the antenna area of ​​the wireless communication module. The protective cover has good radio wave transmission properties, protecting the antenna from rainwater, dust, and UV erosion, while not affecting the transmission efficiency of wireless signals.

[0031] The anchoring mechanism 3 includes multiple anchor bolts and expansion sleeves. After passing through holes in the base 1, the anchor bolts are inserted into pre-drilled holes in the ground or rock, and the expansion sleeves are placed over the bottom of the anchor bolts. When the nuts on the top of the anchor bolts are tightened, the expansion sleeves are subjected to axial pressure and expand radially, making close contact with the hole wall, firmly fixing the base 1 in place and preventing displacement of the device due to geological disturbances.

[0032] A drainage channel is provided along the edge of base 1. The cross-section of the drainage channel is trapezoidal or U-shaped, with a depth of 5 mm or more and a width of 10 mm or more. During rainfall, rainwater flows along the surface of base 1 into the drainage channel and is guided away from cabinet 2 and the sensor mounting area, preventing water from entering the interior or affecting the normal operation of the sensor.

[0033] The swivel arm 6 is manufactured using hollow aluminum alloy pipe material, with a pipe wall thickness of 2 mm or more, and has a cable passage inside. After each sensor cable is pulled out from the sensor mounting plate 4, it passes through the cable passage inside the swivel arm 6 and is driven into the support column 5, then passes through the passage inside the support column 5 downwards to connect to the rotor portion of the conductive slip ring, and finally connects to the data acquisition module in the cabinet 2 via the stator portion of the conductive slip ring. The conductive slip ring eliminates the effects of cable twisting due to rotational motion, effectively preventing cable breakage or mechanical damage.

[0034] In the actual installation process, the worker first selects the monitoring point, removes debris from the ground, and drills anchor holes. Base 1 is placed in the designated position, anchor bolts and expansion sleeves are inserted, and nuts are tightened to complete the fixing. Then, the orientation of base 1 is checked using a spirit level and adjusted until it is horizontal. Next, the support column 5 is rotated according to the direction of the object to be monitored so that the sensor mounting plate 4 faces the main area of ​​the landslide or slope, and the azimuth angle is recorded via the angle scale ring. Subsequently, the position of the slide block of the elevation adjustment mechanism is adjusted so that the swivel arm 6 reaches the desired elevation angle, and the tightening bolts are locked. Furthermore, the universal joint lock bolt of the sensor mounting plate 4 is loosened, the mounting orientation of the sensor is fine-tuned, and then it is locked again. After installing the necessary sensors, the cables are connected and the cover plate 7 is closed. Finally, the external solar panel is connected to the solar charging interface of the cabinet 2 via a waterproof connector, completing the installation of the entire device.

[0035] This invention, through the above-described structural design, allows the sensor mounting plate 4 to rotate continuously horizontally, has vertical elevation adjustment capability, and enables fine adjustment of the final posture using a universal joint, thus adapting to the diverse needs of complex terrain for monitoring the viewing angle. The cabinet 2 centrally houses the core electronic module, eliminating the need for external cable connections and reducing the failure rate. The application of a conductive slip ring unit eliminates concerns about twisting even when cables are built into the swivel arm 6 and support column 5, improving resistance to environmental interference. The drainage groove of the base 1 and the sealing structure of the cover plate 7 work together to ensure the long-term reliable operation of the device in humid environments. [Explanation of symbols]

[0036] 1 Base 2 cabinets 3. Anchor mechanism 4. Sensor mounting plate 5 pillars 6. Swivel Arm 7 Lid plate

Claims

1. A geological disaster monitoring and warning device, Bass and, An anchoring mechanism for fixing the base in the installation position, Sensing support frame component, A cabinet fixedly connected to the base and Equipped with, The sensing support frame component is, Support posts and A rotating arm and An elevation adjustment mechanism; Sensor mounting plate and Includes, The sensor mounting plate is used to mount one or more of the following: a displacement sensor, a tilt angle sensor, a rain gauge, or a soil moisture sensor. The bottom end of the support column is rotatably connected to the base, a drive gear is provided on the circumferential surface of the support column, and an internal gear ring that meshes with the drive gear is provided on the base, so that the support column can rotate horizontally relative to the base. One end of the swivel arm is hinged to the upper part of the support column, and the elevation adjustment mechanism is installed between the support column and the swivel arm and is used to adjust and fix the elevation angle of the swivel arm. The sensor mounting plate is installed at the end of the swivel arm furthest from the support column, The aforementioned cabinet is a sealed enclosure, and a power supply module, a data acquisition module, and a wireless communication module are integrated inside. A conductive slip ring unit is provided inside the support column, and the swivel arm has a hollow structure with a cable passage inside. The sensor attached to the sensor mounting plate is electrically connected to the data acquisition module in the cabinet via a cable, sequentially via the cable passage in the swivel arm, the passage inside the support column, and the conductive slip ring unit. A geological disaster monitoring and warning device characterized by the following features.

2. The aforementioned elevation adjustment mechanism is, An arch-shaped sliding groove is provided on the aforementioned support column, A slide block slidably installed within the arch-shaped slide groove, A link rod connecting the slide block and the pivot arm Includes, The slide block is fixed to any position in the arch-shaped slide groove via a fastening member. The geological disaster monitoring and warning device according to feature 1.

3. The sensor mounting plate is connected to the end of the swivel arm via a universal joint, The universal joint is provided with a locking bolt for fixing its angle. The geological disaster monitoring and warning device according to feature 2.

4. A drainage channel is provided on the upper surface of the base. The top of the cabinet is provided with an openable and closable lid. A sealing gasket is provided at the contact surface between the cover plate and the cabinet. The geological disaster monitoring and warning device according to feature 3.

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