Exterior Structure and Building

Abstract

To provide an exterior structure and a building capable of securing waterproofness of an exterior wall of the building without applying sealing using sealing material.SOLUTION: An exterior structure comprises: an opening member 13 placed in an opening A provided in structural surface material 17 as a wall substrate of a building along a profile of the opening A; and a surface protection layer 29a placed over a surface of an outdoor side of the structural surface material 17 and a surface of the opening member 13 with waterproofness satisfying a specification in accordance with the permeability test A method of JIS A 6909.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to exterior structures and buildings. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, at the joint between an exterior material installed on the exterior surface of a building and an opening material, such as a window frame, that is arranged along the outline of an opening in the building's base material, it has been common to apply sealing using a sealant to connect the waterproof line on the base material side to the waterproof line on the opening material side to ensure waterproofing of the exterior wall (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an example of a conventional exterior structure using external insulation. Note that Fig. 1 only shows a portion of the structure near the sealing. In the exterior structure 100 shown in Fig. 1, a sash (paper screen) 10 is configured as a vertical sliding window with a glass panel 12 housed within a frame 11. The sash 10 is attached to a window frame 13 as an opening material, which is arranged along the outline of an opening A in a structural surface material 17 as a base wall.

[0004] The window frame 13 is composed of an upper frame that forms the upper side, a lower frame that forms the lower side, and two vertical frames that form the left and right vertical sides, with only the leftmost of the two vertical frames being shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, around the interior side of opening A in the structural surface material 17 are a lintel that forms the upper side, a sill that forms the lower side, and two pillars that form the left and right vertical sides, with only the leftmost pillar 14 being shown in Fig. 1. The frame body 11 and window frame 13 that form the sash 10 are attached and fixed to the lintel, sill, and two pillars.

[0005] A two-layer panel-shaped filling insulation material (first insulation material) 15 is disposed adjacent to the pillar 14 on the indoor side surface of the structural surface material 17. Inorganic board material 16 is provided on the visible surface of the filling insulation material 15 and on the visible surface and visible surface of the pillar 14.

[0006] Additionally, a panel-shaped exterior insulation material (second insulation material) 18 is disposed on the outdoor surface of the structural facing material 17, and an exterior material 19 made up of a base adjustment material 19a serving as a base coat and a finishing coating material 19b serving as a top coat is disposed opposite the outdoor surface of the exterior insulation material 18. In this manner, the building has an exterior insulation structure in which the exterior insulation material 18 is disposed on the outdoor side of the building framework.

[0007] A sealing material 20 is filled in the gap between the window frame 13 and the exterior material 19, and the waterproof line on the exterior material 19 side is connected to the waterproof line on the window frame 13 side, ensuring waterproofing of the exterior wall of the building. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] JP 2005-320760 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] In the exterior structure 100 shown in FIG. 1, in order to ensure the waterproofing of the exterior wall of the building, a sealing process using the sealant 20 as described above is necessary, and since the sealant 20 deteriorates due to volumetric changes over time, it is necessary to refill the sealant 20 every specified period (e.g., 10 to 15 years).

[0010] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to propose an exterior structure and a building that can ensure waterproofing of the exterior walls of a building without sealing with a sealant. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The present invention which solves the above problems is as follows.

[0012] [1] An opening material arranged along the contour of an opening provided in a wall base of a building; An exterior structure characterized by having a surface protective layer that has waterproofing properties that satisfy the standards of JISA 6909 Water Permeability Test Method A, and is arranged across the exterior surface of the wall base and the surface of the opening material.

[0013] [2] The exterior structure described in [1] above, wherein an insulating material is provided between the wall base and the surface protective layer, and the surface protective layer is disposed on the surface of the insulating material.

[0014] [3] The exterior structure described in [2] above, wherein the opening member is a window frame, and the insulation member is positioned so that its side abuts against the window frame.

[0015] [4] The surface protective layer is formed by applying a surface protective material and drying it. The exterior structure described in any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the surface protective material contains a synthetic resin emulsion and an aggregate, and the copolymer particles constituting the synthetic resin emulsion have a multilayer structure having a core portion and a shell portion.

[0016] [5] The surface protective layer is formed by applying a surface protective material and drying it. The exterior structure described in any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the surface protective material includes a synthetic resin emulsion and an aggregate, and the synthetic resin emulsion includes copolymer particles obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture including 95 mass% or more of a hydrophobic monomer, 0.1 mass% or more but less than 1.0 mass% of an alkoxysilane group-containing monomer, and a reactive surfactant.

[0017] [6] The exterior structure described in [4] or [5] above, wherein the pH of the surface protective material is 10 or less.

[0018] [7] A building equipped with the exterior structure described in any one of [1] to [6] above. Effect of the Invention

[0019] According to the present invention, it is possible to ensure waterproofing of the exterior wall of a building without sealing using a sealant. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an exterior structure using a conventional external insulation method. [Diagram 2] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing a preferred example of an exterior structure according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] (exterior structure) Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The exterior structure according to the present invention is characterized by having an opening member arranged along the outline of an opening provided in a wall substrate of a building, and a surface protective layer having waterproof performance that satisfies the standard of the JISA 6909 water permeability test method A, arranged across the outdoor surface of the wall substrate and the surface of the opening member.

[0022] Fig. 2 shows a preferred example of the exterior structure according to the present invention. In Fig. 2, the same components as those in the exterior structure 100 shown in Fig. 1 are given the same reference numerals. The difference between the exterior structure 1 shown in Fig. 2 and the exterior structure 100 shown in Fig. 1 is that in the exterior structure 1 shown in Fig. 2, the sealant 20 is not filled in the joint between the exterior material 19 and the window frame 13, and instead, the base coat of the exterior material 29 is composed of a surface protective layer 29a having waterproof performance that satisfies the standard of the water permeability test method A of JISA 6909, and is arranged across the surface of the structural surface material 17 on the outdoor side and the surface of the window frame 13.

[0023] As described above, in the conventional exterior structure 100 shown in FIG. 1, it was necessary to seal the joint between the exterior material 19 and the window frame 13 using the sealant 20, and because the sealant 20 deteriorates over time, it was necessary to refill the sealant 20 at specified intervals.

[0024] In order to connect the waterproof line on the exterior material 19 side to the waterproof line on the window frame 13 side without sealing with the above-mentioned sealant 20, it is necessary to continuously connect the waterproof line on the structural surface material 17 side to the waterproof line on the window frame 13 side at a stage before installing the exterior material 19. For this purpose, the inventors focused on the base adjustment material 19a that constitutes the base coat of the exterior material 19.

[0025] Conventional base preparation materials 19a have been made by coating and drying a cement-based material, for example, because of the cost advantage (see, for example, JP 2002-235386 A). However, the base preparation material 19a obtained as described above is hydrophilic and easily absorbs water. In addition, it has no flexibility (elasticity) and cannot follow the expansion and contraction changes of the base caused by aging, etc., so cracks occur in the base preparation material 19a and the waterproof layer breaks. For this reason, the cement-based base preparation material 19a is not suitable as a waterproofing material for the exterior walls of buildings.

[0026] Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research into the base coat of the exterior material 19 in order to provide the base coat with high waterproofing. As a result, it has been found that by using a resin-based base instead of the conventional cement-based base, the base coat functions as a surface protective layer 29a with high waterproofing that satisfies the standard of JISA 6909:2014 7.12 Water Permeability Test Method A. The inventors have found that by providing the surface protective layer 29a having the resin-based base across the outdoor surface of the structural surface material 17 as the base wall and the surface of the window frame 13 as the opening material, it is possible to connect the waterproof line on the exterior material 29 side and the waterproof line on the window frame 13 side without sealing with the sealant 20, thereby ensuring the waterproofing of the exterior wall of the building, and have completed the present invention. Hereinafter, each configuration of the exterior structure 1 according to the present invention will be described.

[0027] -Surface protective layer- The surface protective layer 29a according to the present invention is composed of a layer having waterproofness that satisfies the standards of JISA 6909 Water Permeability Test Method A. This surface protective layer 29a can be composed of the following surface protective materials. The surface protective layer 29a is preferably composed of a layer having waterproofness that satisfies the standards of JISA 6909 Water Permeability Test Method B, which shows higher waterproofness. The surface protective layer 29a that satisfies these standards can be formed by using the following surface protective materials.

[0028] --Surface protection material-- The surface protective material preferably contains a synthetic resin emulsion and an aggregate. It is possible to impart waterproofing to the surface protective material.

[0029] When the surface protective material contains a synthetic resin emulsion and an aggregate, the synthetic resin emulsion preferably contains copolymer particles obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing 95% by mass or more of a hydrophobic monomer, 0.1% by mass or more and less than 1.0% by mass of an alkoxysilane group-containing monomer, and a reactive surfactant. This can improve the waterproofing of the surface protective material. For example, an acrylic resin emulsion can be used as the synthetic resin emulsion. In the present invention, the term "hydrophobic monomer" refers to a monomer having a water solubility of less than 0.5 g / 100 g of water.

[0030] Examples of hydrophobic monomers include styrene (0.03 g), cyclohexyl methacrylate (0.01 g or less), n-butyl methacrylate (0.04 g), t-butyl methacrylate (0.05 g), i-butyl methacrylate (0.04 g), 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (0.01 g or less), lauryl methacrylate (0.01 g or less), n-butyl acrylate (0.20 g), and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (0.01 g). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of water resistance and various chemical resistance, the monomer is preferably one containing styrene or cyclohexyl methacrylate, and more preferably one containing both styrene or cyclohexyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

[0031] The content of styrene or cyclohexyl methacrylate relative to 100% by mass of the monomer mixture is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of water resistance, and is preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of film-forming property.

[0032] By including an alkoxysilane group-containing monomer, the crosslinking degree of the polymerized resin can be adjusted to an appropriate range, resulting in good film-forming properties. Therefore, defects in the surface protective layer 29a can be prevented, resulting in excellent waterproofing of the surface protective layer 29a.

[0033] The content ratio of the alkoxysilane group-containing monomer relative to the total amount (100 mass%) of the monomer mixture used in the emulsion polymerization is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mass%, more preferably 0.2 to 1.5 mass%, and most preferably 0.3 to 1.2 mass%, from the viewpoint of the water resistance and sulfuric acid resistance of the surface protective layer 29a.

[0034] Examples of the alkoxysilane group-containing monomer include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-acryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, and γ-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, preferred are γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, and γ-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane. Among these, more preferred are γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane.

[0035] In this embodiment, the monomer mixture may contain other polymerizable monomers that are copolymerizable with the hydrophobic monomer or the alkoxysilane group-containing polymerizable monomer. Examples of the other polymerizable monomers include, but are not limited to, (meth)acrylic acid esters, hydroxyl group-containing polymerizable monomers, carboxylic acid group-containing polymerizable monomers, and other polymerizable monomers.

[0036] When polymerizing the synthetic resin emulsion, it is preferable to use a reactive surfactant. By using a reactive surfactant, it is possible to impart high waterproof performance to the surface protective layer 29a. The reactive surfactant is not particularly limited as long as it has polymerization activity, and for example, a reactive anionic surfactant or a reactive nonionic surfactant can be used. Specific examples of reactive anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, "ADEKA REASOAP SE-1025A", "ADEKA REASOAP SR-1025", "ADEKA REASOAP SR-3025" (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), "Aqualon KH-1025", "Aqualon HS-1025", "Aqualon BC-1025", "Aqualon BC-2020" (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), "Latemul PD-104" (manufactured by Kao Corporation), "Eleminol JS-20", "Eleminol RS-3000" (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.), and the like. Specific examples of reactive nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, "ADEKA REASOAP ER-10", "ADEKA REASOAP ER-20", "ADEKA REASOAP ER-30", "ADEKA REASOAP ER-40", "ADEKA REASOAP NE-10", "ADEKA REASOAP NE-20", "ADEKA REASOAP NE-30" (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation), "Aqualon RN-20", "Aqualon RN-30", and "Aqualon RN-50" (manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.).

[0037] The calculated glass transition temperature of the synthetic resin emulsion is preferably 0 to −30° C., and more preferably −10 to −20° C. The calculated glass transition temperature can be calculated by the above formula (1).

[0038] Table 1 shows the water solubility of representative monomers and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the homopolymers.

[0039] [Table 1]

[0040] By controlling the fusion between the copolymer particles of the synthetic resin emulsion, it is possible to achieve both waterproofness and water vapor permeability of the surface protective layer 29a, which are essentially contradictory. Methods for the above control include a method of crosslinking during emulsion polymerization (incorporating an alkoxysilane group-containing monomer) and a method of forming the copolymer particles into a multilayer structure having a core portion and a shell portion.

[0041] When crosslinking is performed during emulsion polymerization (when an alkoxysilane group-containing monomer is added), the content of the alkoxysilane group-containing monomer is preferably 0.7 to 1.5 mass%, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 mass%, when the copolymer particles have a single-layer structure. When the copolymer particles have a multi-layer structure, the content of the alkoxysilane group-containing monomer in the core part is preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mass%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.4 mass%.

[0042] When the copolymer particles have a multilayer structure, the calculated glass transition temperature of the copolymer particles constituting the core is preferably −10° C. or lower, more preferably −15° C. or lower, and even more preferably −20° C. or lower. The calculated glass transition temperature of the copolymer resin constituting the shell is preferably 30 to 120° C., more preferably 40 to 100° C., and even more preferably 50 to 85° C.

[0043] The mass ratio of the core part of the synthetic resin emulsion is preferably from 60 to 95 mass %, more preferably from 70 to 90 mass %.

[0044] As the aggregate, for example, Kansui sand, silica sand, calcium carbonate, etc. The average particle size of the aggregate is preferably 50 to 150 μm, more preferably 70 to 110 μm.

[0045] The surface protective material may contain, in addition to the synthetic resin emulsion and aggregate, for example, short fibers, film-forming agents, antifoaming agents, dispersants, thickeners, preservatives, pH adjusters, and the like.

[0046] Examples of the short fibers include nylon fibers, acrylic fibers, vinylon fibers, carbon fibers, etc. Examples of the pH adjuster include ammonia water, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, water-soluble amines, etc.

[0047] The surface protective layer 29a may be given a design feature by coloring the surface protective material. Also, the surface protective layer 29a may be given a design feature by mixing colored silica sand into the surface protective material.

[0048] In addition, in the exterior structure 1 according to the present invention, the surface protective layer 29a may be provided on the surface of the structural facing 17 serving as the wall base, but as shown in Fig. 2, an exterior insulation material 18 may be provided between the structural facing 17 and the surface protective layer 29a, and the surface protective layer 29a may be provided on the surface of the exterior insulation material 18. In this way, an exterior structure 1 using an exterior insulation method can be constructed.

[0049] Furthermore, when the exterior insulation material 18 is provided between the wall base and the surface protective layer 29a, and the opening material is the window frame 13, it is preferable that the exterior insulation material 18 is arranged so that its side surface abuts the window frame 13. As a result, the exterior insulation material 18 is arranged in the area where the sealant 20 was arranged in the conventional exterior structure 100 shown in Figure 1, and the insulating performance of the opening A can be improved.

[0050] The surface protective material constituting the surface protective layer 29a preferably has a pH of 10 or less, and more preferably has a pH of 6 to 9. If the pH is 10 or less, deterioration of the materials constituting the insulating material or wall base can be suppressed even when the surface protective material or wall base is applied to an insulating material with low alkali resistance.

[0051] Here, the construction method of the exterior structure 1 will be explained. First, the surface protective material is applied. Specifically, half the specified amount of surface protective material for the exterior insulation 18 is plastered as the first base preparation. It is applied evenly using a trowel. After application, a glass fiber mesh is laid before drying. It is attached using a trowel. The surface is smoothed so that the surface protective material rises to the surface of the mesh. The remaining surface protective material is plastered as the second base preparation. It is applied evenly using a trowel. At this time, the surface protective material is continuously applied across the outdoor surface of the structural surface material 17 and the surface of the window frame 13, and is left to dry for a predetermined period of time (e.g., one day). This allows the surface protective layer 29a to be formed. Next, a finishing coating material 19b is applied to the surface of the surface protective layer 29a. In this way, the waterproof line on the exterior material 29 side and the waterproof line on the window frame 13 side are connected, and an exterior structure 1 can be constructed in which the waterproofing of the exterior wall of the building is ensured.

[0052] In Fig. 2, the exterior structure 1 according to the present invention has been described using the example in which the opening material arranged along the outline of the opening A provided in the structural surface material 17 is the window frame 13, but the present invention is not limited to this. The opening material can be, for example, a resin pipe. This can improve the adhesion between the surface protective layer 29a and the pipe.

[0053] In particular, adhesion between the piping and surface protective layer 29a is high when the piping is made of polyvinyl chloride and the surface protective layer 29a is formed by applying and drying a surface protective material, and (1) the surface protective material contains a synthetic resin emulsion and an aggregate, and the copolymer particles constituting the synthetic resin emulsion have a multilayer structure having a core portion and a shell portion, or (2) the surface protective material contains a synthetic resin emulsion and an aggregate, and the synthetic resin emulsion contains copolymer particles obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing 95% or more of a hydrophobic monomer, 0.1% or more and less than 1.0% by mass of an alkoxysilane group-containing monomer, and a reactive surfactant.

[0054] (building) Next, a building according to the present invention will be described. The building according to the present invention is a building equipped with the exterior structure 1 according to the present invention described above. As described above, in the exterior structure 1 according to the present invention, the base coat of the exterior material is composed of a surface protective layer having waterproof performance that satisfies the standard of the water permeability test A method of JISA 6909. This makes it possible to connect the waterproof line on the exterior material side and the waterproof line on the opening material side without sealing using a sealant, thereby ensuring the waterproofness of the exterior wall of the building. [Industrial Applicability]

[0055] According to the present invention, it is possible to ensure waterproofing of the exterior wall of a building without sealing using a sealant. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 1,100 Exterior structure 10 Sash 11 Frame 12 Glass Plate 13 Window frames (opening materials) 14 Pillars 15 Filling insulation material 16 Inorganic Board 17 Structural surface materials (wall base) 18 Exterior insulation 19,29 Exterior materials 19a Base Adjustment Material 19b Finishing Coating Materials 20 Sealing materials 29a Surface protective layer A Opening

Claims

1. An opening member arranged along a contour of an opening provided in a wall foundation of a building; A surface protective layer having waterproofing performance, the water permeability of which is 10.0 mm or less as measured by the water permeability test method A of JIS A 6909, is disposed across the outdoor surface of the wall base and the surface of the opening material, A heat insulating material is provided between the wall base and the surface protective layer, and the surface protective layer is disposed on a surface of the heat insulating material, An exterior structure, wherein the surface protective layer has a portion extending along the surface of the opening member.

2. The exterior structure according to claim 1 , wherein the opening member is a window frame, and the insulating material is arranged so that a side surface of the insulating material abuts against the window frame.

3. The surface protective layer is formed by applying a surface protective material and drying it.

3. The exterior structure according to claim 1, wherein the surface protective material comprises a synthetic resin emulsion and an aggregate.

4. The exterior structure according to claim 3 , wherein the copolymer particles constituting the synthetic resin emulsion have a multi-layer structure having a core portion and a shell portion.

5. The exterior structure according to claim 3, wherein the synthetic resin emulsion contains copolymer particles obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture containing 95% by mass or more of a hydrophobic monomer, 0.1% by mass or more but less than 1.0% by mass of an alkoxysilane group-containing monomer, and a reactive surfactant.

6. The exterior structure according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the surface protective material has a pH of 10 or less.

7. A building comprising the exterior structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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