Compression device and filling station including such device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fluid compression device (1) comprising first and second compression chambers (3, 4), an intake system (2) in communication with the first compression chamber (3), a transfer system (6) in communication with the first and second compression chambers (3, 4), and a movable piston (5) for ensuring compression of the fluid in the first and second compression chambers (3, 4). The device (1) further comprises an outlet orifice (7) in communication with the second compression chamber (4) and configured to allow the compressed fluid to leave, the second compression chamber (4) being defined by a part of the body of the piston (5) and a fixed wall of the device, the piston (5) being translationally movable according to a longitudinal direction (A), the piston (5) having a tubular part mounted around a fixed central guide (8), the end of which forms the fixed wall defining part of the second compression chamber (4). The device (1) further comprises a sealing system (10) formed between the central guide (8) and the piston (5) according to the longitudinal direction (A) of translation of the piston (5), the intake system (2) being located at a first end of the device (1), the discharge orifice (7) being located at a second end of the device, and the transfer system (6) being located between the intake system (2) and the discharge orifice (7).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a cryogenic fluid compression system and a filling station including such an system.

[0002] The present invention more particularly relates to a fluid compression device with multiple compression stages, comprising a first compression chamber, a second compression chamber, an intake system communicating with the first compression chamber and configured to receive a fluid to be compressed in said first compression chamber, a transfer system communicating with the first and second compression chambers and configured to transfer the fluid from the first compression chamber to the second compression chamber, and a movable piston for ensuring compression of the fluid in the first and second compression chambers, the device also comprising an outlet orifice communicating with the second compression chamber and configured to allow the compressed fluid to exit, the second compression chamber being bounded by a part of the body of the piston and a fixed wall of the device, the piston moving in a translational motion in a longitudinal direction.

[0003] The present invention particularly relates to devices for compressing or pumping cryogenic gases and / or liquids.

[0004] In the following text, in particular the terms "compression device" and "pump" may be used interchangeably with the terms "pumping" and "compression". In particular the device that is the subject of the present invention is a device for pumping and / or compressing liquids and / or gases and / or supercritical cryogenic fluids.

[0005] Cryogenic fluids have a much higher density than gaseous fluids. As a result, cryogenic pumps (in contrast to gas compressors) provide higher mass flows, smaller volumes, less energy consumption and require less maintenance. It is for this reason that cryogenic pumps are used in many areas such as installations for separating gas from air, reformers, filling stations and the shipping sector.

[0006] The fluids of interest generally include oxygen, nitrogen, natural gas, argon, helium, or hydrogen. These compressors (or pumps) function to pressurize the cryogenic fluid to a target flow rate.

[0007] For example, a cryogenic piston pump may be located directly in-line with the outlet of the cryogenic reservoir, or may be located in a dedicated cryostat (also known as a "sump") located alongside the main storage tank and fed directly by the main storage tank.

[0008] For various reasons, and in particular maintenance and design convenience, cryogenic pumps generally exhibit a reciprocating motion and are inserted into a tank so as to be submerged in the cryogenic fluid to be pumped.

[0009] Cryogenic pumps generally have an inlet pressure of 1-12 bar and an outlet pressure of 20-1000 bar depending on the application. The pump may have one or multiple pressure stages using a back and forth motion.

[0010] A mechanism with two compression stages is often preferred because it allows the mechanism to separate the suction stage (during which the fluid needs to be as dense as possible and therefore also as cold as possible) from the compression stage (where amounts of heat can be generated that are detrimental to the process). Important performance indicators for low temperature piston pumps are volumetric efficiency, evaporative losses, energy consumption, footprint and durability.

[0011] An important feature of a reciprocating cryogenic pump is therefore The highest possible intake density, Very good insulation against the environment, Minimal dead volume (hence high compression ratio), Simple and robust setup for quick maintenance and high reliability; There should be good control of evaporation losses to limit its impact. [Background technology]

[0012] The document US Patent No. 7,410,348 describes a horizontal piston pump with two compression stages and axial intake and radial discharge via a check valve. This setup presents a substantial dead volume. In addition, leakage losses are relatively high with a system of two high-pressure seals, one mounted on either side of the high-pressure chamber.

[0013] This also makes it more difficult to set up and more difficult to maintain. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0014] SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT EMBODIMENT It is an object of the present invention to overcome all or some of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art. [Means for solving the problem]

[0015] To this end, the compression device according to the invention, in another aspect according to its general definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the piston comprises a tubular part mounted around a fixed central guide, the end of which forms a fixed wall delimiting a part of the second compression chamber, the device comprises a sealing system formed between the central guide and the piston, and in the longitudinal direction of the translation of the piston, an intake system is mounted at a first end of the device, a discharge orifice is mounted at a second end of the device and a transfer system is mounted between the intake system and the discharge orifice.

[0016] Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may have one or more of the following features: one end of the piston forms a moving surface for compressing the fluid in the first compression chamber, whereas the tubular portion of the piston forms a moving sleeve which cooperates with a terminal end of the central guide to form a system for compressing the fluid in the second compression chamber, in which compression system the terminal end of the central guide forms a fixed piston; In the working configuration, the longitudinal direction of the translation of the piston is vertical or inclined, the intake system is mounted at the lower end of the device, and the discharge orifice is mounted in a part of the device mounted above the intake system, preferably above the transfer system; the second compression chamber being entirely contained within the tubular portion of the piston; In the longitudinal direction, a first end of the second compression chamber is bounded by a first end of the tubular piston, and a second end of the second compression chamber is bounded by a terminal end of the central guide and a sealing system formed between the central guide and the piston, said sealing system being located at the level of or adjacent to the terminal end of the central guide, the sealing system formed between the central guide and the piston is located only in height of the second end of the second compression chamber and / or in the longitudinal direction beyond the second compression chamber opposite the first end of the device, the discharge orifice is located at the height of the terminal end of the central guide, the device including a duct for discharging the compressed gas, the device including a first end connected to the discharge orifice and a second end located at an end of the device opposite the first end; the first compression chamber is bounded by a first fixed cavity, one end of the piston, and a sealing system formed between the piston and a wall of the first cavity; an intake system disposed at an end of the first cavity opposite the second end of the device; the intake system includes at least one of the following: one or more check valves, one or more orifices or ports, at least one flat disc valve, or a valve configured to receive the fluid to be compressed during the intake stage into the first compression chamber and prevent the fluid from exiting into the compression stage; the fixed wall delimiting the first compression chamber comprises one or more ports or orifices preferably arranged longitudinally such that the one or more ports or orifices allow or prevent communication between the first compression chamber and the outside depending on the longitudinal position of the piston, Compression of the fluid in the second compression chamber is effected by a stroke of the piston toward the second end of the device; The apparatus is housed in a sealed enclosure containing a bath of cryogenic cooling fluid; The device includes a leakage gas exhaust circuit having a first end communicating with the space between the piston and the central guide and a second end opening at the level of the second end of the device.

[0017] The invention also relates to a station for filling tanks with pressurized gas, comprising a source of liquefied gas, in particular liquefied hydrogen, and a withdrawal circuit having a first end connected to the source and at least one second end intended to be connected to a tank to be filled, the withdrawal circuit comprising a fluid pumping device or a fluid compression device according to any one of the above or below characteristics.

[0018] The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method including any combination of the above or below features falling within the scope of the claims.

[0019] Other particular features and advantages will become apparent from the following description, given with reference to the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] 1 shows a schematic partial view in longitudinal and vertical section showing the structure of one exemplary embodiment of a compression device according to the invention; [Diagram 2] 1 shows a schematic partial view in longitudinal and vertical section, illustrating a first configuration of the working circuit of a compression device according to the invention; [Diagram 3] 3 shows a schematic partial view in longitudinal and vertical section, illustrating a second configuration of the working circuit of the compression device according to the invention; [Figure 4] 3 shows a schematic partial view in longitudinal and vertical section, illustrating a third configuration of the working circuit of the compression device according to the invention; [Diagram 5] 3 shows a schematic partial view in longitudinal and vertical section, illustrating a fourth configuration of the working circuit of the compression device according to the invention; [Figure 6] 5 shows a schematic partial view in longitudinal and vertical section, illustrating a fifth configuration of the working circuit of a compression device according to the invention; [Figure 7] 3 shows a schematic partial view in longitudinal and vertical section showing the structure of another exemplary embodiment of a compression device according to the invention; [Figure 8] 4A-4D show schematic partial views in longitudinal and vertical sections illustrating the structure of yet another exemplary embodiment of a compression device according to the present invention; [Figure 9] 1 shows a schematic partial view illustrating an example of a filling station using such a compression device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] The fluid compression device 1 depicted in FIG. 1 includes a series of two compression stages.

[0022] The device 1 specifically comprises a first compression chamber 3 (relatively low pressure) and a second compression chamber 4 (relatively high pressure).

[0023] The device 1 comprises an intake system 2 in communication with a first compression chamber 3, the intake system 2 being configured to receive a fluid to be compressed in said first compression chamber 3. The intake system 2 may for example comprise at least one of the following: one or more check valves, one or more orifices or ports, at least one flat disc valve, or any other device or valve that can receive a fluid to be compressed in the first compression chamber 3 during the intake phase and prevent the fluid from leaving in the compression phase. In particular, this intake system 2 (valve shutter and / or the like) opens when a given pressure difference exists between its two ends. In addition, the first chamber 3 may comprise a relief valve or some other safety element configured to limit the pressure in the chamber below a given safety threshold.

[0024] The device 1 also comprises a non-return transport system 6 in communication with the first and second compression chambers 3, 4 and configured to be able to transport fluid from the first compression chamber 3 to the second compression chamber 4 (during and / or at the end of the phase of compressing the fluid in the first compression chamber 3), while the non-return transport system 6 remains closed during the phase of compression in the second compression chamber 4. This transport system 6 may be of the same type as the type of intake system 2.

[0025] The device 1 comprises a movable piston 5 capable of translational movement to compress fluid in first and second compression chambers 3, 4 (as will be described in more detail below).

[0026] The device 1 also includes an exhaust orifice 7 communicating with the second compression chamber 4 and configured to allow the fluid compressed in the second compression chamber 4 to exit (during or at the end of the phase of compression in this chamber). The exhaust orifice 7 may be provided with a non-return system, which may be of the same type as the non-return system of the intake system 2 (for example closed as long as the pressure difference between the second compression chamber 4 and the outside is below a given threshold value).

[0027] The second compression chamber 4 is bounded by a part of the body of the piston 5 and a fixed wall of the device. The piston 5 is movable translationally in a longitudinal direction A.

[0028] As illustrated, the piston 5 includes a tubular portion mounted around a fixed central guide 8. The ends of the central guide 8 form a fixed wall that bounds a portion of the second compression chamber 4. The apparatus 1 includes a sealing system 10 (piston rings, seals or the like) formed between the central guide 8 and the piston 5.

[0029] In the longitudinal direction A of the translation of the piston 5, the intake system 2 is placed at a first end of the device 1, the discharge orifice 7 is placed at a second end of the device and the transfer system 6 is placed between the intake system 2 and the discharge orifice 7. That means that the orifices 2, 6 and 7 for the passage of the fluids are positioned next to each other in a sequence corresponding to the increasing temperature of the fluids in the compression device 1 (low temperature is received in the first compression chamber 3, then high temperature is received in the second compression chamber 4 and higher temperature leaves this second compression chamber 4).

[0030] As illustrated, one end of the piston 5 forms a moving surface for compressing the fluid in the first compression chamber 3, whereas the tubular part of the piston 5 forms a moving sleeve which cooperates with an end of the central guide 8 to form a system for compressing the fluid in the second compression chamber 4 (in this second compression stage, the end of the central guide 8 thus forms a fixed piston which cooperates with the moving sleeve).

[0031] In the illustrated working configuration, the longitudinal direction A of translation of the piston (5) is preferably vertical or inclined, such that the intake system 2 is mounted at the lower end of the device 1, and the discharge orifice 7 is mounted in a part of the device mounted above the intake system 2, preferably above the transfer system 6.

[0032] This preferred embodiment is described in more detail below, but it will be appreciated that the longitudinal axis A can alternatively be horizontal in the working configuration, or can be tilted to flip to the relatively vertical position described above.

[0033] Thus, when the longitudinal direction A of the translational movement of the piston 5 is vertical, the intake system 2 may be placed at the lower end of the device 1. The discharge orifice 7 is itself placed at the upper part of the device 1, i.e. above the intake system 2.

[0034] This configuration ensures that the fluid to be compressed is received in the lower, coldest region of the device 1. Additionally, delivery and any leaks are located in the upper region of the device (which is hotter). This configuration promotes minimal or no mixing between the two cooler and hotter regions. Additionally, the hot fluid is offset into the upper portion, which may contain the piston drive mechanism 21, generating heat.

[0035] This vertical arrangement with a vertical compression stroke allows a good separation between the flow of cooler fluid (in the intake) and the flow of hotter fluid (in the exhaust). In particular, the compression stroke in the second compression chamber 4 is an upward stroke (the rod of the piston 5 is pulled upwards and towards the hot part of the device 1).

[0036] Specifically, tension is generated in the rod of the piston 5 during high pressure compression, preferably by the upward stroke of the piston 5. This is favorable from a mechanical point of view, since under this tension the rod does not undergo buckling (which would be the case under compression / thrust). In addition, this tension-compression configuration does not require the piston rod to be guided regularly along its length. This also allows the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston rod to be reduced (for example by making the rod hollow or reducing its diameter). In addition, this makes it possible to reduce the length of the piston rod according to an acceptable level of heat loss.

[0037] As depicted diagrammatically, the piston 5 may be driven by an upper mounted or offset motor member 21 or a drive mechanism coupled to the motor member.

[0038] As illustrated, the first compression chamber 3 may be formed in a tubular cavity 14 or a fixed chamber closed at its lower end. The first compression chamber 3 may thus be bounded at its lower end by this fixed lower cavity 14. The intake system 2 may be mounted at the lower end of the lower cavity 14.

[0039] The first compression chamber 3 may thus be bounded at the top by the lower end of the piston 5 and a sealing system 15 (piston ring or the like) formed between the piston 5 and the wall of the lower cavity 14 .

[0040] Preferably, the lower part of the piston 5 has a contour configured to facilitate the escape of gases through ports or valves. For example, as specifically shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4, one or more ports 26 (or orifices) may be formed in the upper part of the lower cavity 14 (or in any fixed wall part that defines at least a portion of the first combustion chamber). These ports 26 may provide communication between the first compression chamber 3 and the outside when the piston 5 exposes these ports 26 (when the piston 5 is over at least a portion of the ports 26). Thus, during the intake phase (when the chamber 3 is expanding), any gases that may be present in the first compression chamber 3 may escape through these ports 26 and give way to liquid from the surrounding reservoir. This ensures a complete filling of the liquid during reception. Additionally, during the compression phase (when the piston 3 moves downwards in the second compression chamber 3), these ports 26 may allow excess liquid to escape, thereby gauging the volume of liquid trapped therein (this volume may be determined by the longitudinal position of the ports 26). The piston 5 then continues its compression stroke in the first compression chamber 3 and the port 26 no longer communicates with the compressed volume (which volume is isolated from the reservoir 16).

[0041] It should be noted that these ports 26 or orifices may form part of or even constitute an intake system for receiving fluid in the first compression chamber 3. This means that the aforementioned intake valve system 2 located at the lower end of the lower cavity 14 can be omitted and it can be such a case that the reception of fluid in the first compression chamber 3 is ensured only by the aforementioned ports 26 or orifices.

[0042] The tubular portion of the piston 5 thus forms a housing surrounding the entire second compression chamber 4. The second compression chamber 4 may thus be entirely contained within the tubular portion of the piston 5. The piston 5 may thus constitute the casing of the second compression chamber 4. This construction makes it possible to entirely confine the second compression chamber 4 inside the piston 5, the walls of which may be efficiently thermalized (i.e. kept cool) as described below.

[0043] The lower end of the second compression chamber 4 may thus be bounded by the lower end of the tubular piston 5, and the upper end of the second compression chamber 4 may be bounded by the lower terminal end of the central guide 8 and the sealing system 10 formed between the central guide 8 and the piston 5.

[0044] It should be noted that this sealing system 10 is mounted on the upper end of the second compression chamber 4 and at or on the lower end of the central guide 8 .

[0045] This construction thus makes it possible to provide a single high pressure dynamic sealing system only at one end of the second compression chamber 4. The sealing system 10 thus formed between the central guide 8 and the piston 5 can be located only at the upper end of the second compression chamber 4 and / or above the second chamber 4.

[0046] In contrast, in the prior art discussed above, two high pressure dynamic sealing systems were provided, one on each side of the high pressure compression chamber (one on each side relative to the direction of the piston stroke).

[0047] Compared to the prior art, this arrangement significantly reduces manufacturing and maintenance constraints and the risk of leaks.

[0048] The transfer system 6 is mounted, for example, at the lower end of the tubular wall of the piston 5, one of the faces of which delimits the upper end of the first compression chamber 3. As mentioned above, this transfer system 6 may be a single or multiple system and may have any suitable structure to be able to transfer fluid from the first chamber 3 to the second chamber 4 (in the first compression chamber 3 during the compression phase, but preventing the transfer of fluid from the second chamber 4 to the first chamber during compression in the second chamber 4).

[0049] The discharge orifice 7 may be located at the lower end of the central guide 8 (the fixed upper end of the second compression chamber 4). The device 1 may include a compressed gas discharge duct 11 with a first lower end connected to this discharge orifice 7 and a second upper end located at the top of the device 1 for collecting the compressed high pressure fluid.

[0050] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the compression apparatus may be housed within an insulated, sealed enclosure 13 that contains a reservoir 16 of cryogenic cooling fluid. Specifically, the first and second compression chambers 3, 4 may be immersed in a liquid phase. The top of the enclosure 16 may have a gas headspace that collects any leaks within the apparatus 1.

[0051] The cold head of the apparatus 1 may thus be vertically immersed in a cold chamber 16 (sometimes called a sump).

[0052] The first compression chamber 3 can be fixed directly to the bottom of the vessel 16 .

[0053] The moving part (piston 5) has a vertical (up and down) movement. Mounting plates 24, 25 and shafts 22, 23 may be provided outside the compression chambers 3, 4 for mounting and for allowing the compression movement relative to the fixed part.

[0054] It will be appreciated that the structure of the piston 5 is designed in this case such that a part of the piston 5 (in this case the rear part) can slide within the plate 24 (or similar). For example, the lower part of the piston 5 is tubular (and forms the second compression chamber 4), while the opposite (upper) part of the piston 5 is designed to be able to slide against the plate 24.

[0055] For example, the top of the piston 5 has one or more openings for the passage of the plate 24. The piston 5 can be made in one or more pieces that are joined / fixed together.

[0056] Next, an example of compression circulation will be described with reference to [Figure 2] to [Figure 6].

[0057] In FIG. 2, the piston 5 is in the lowest position (the first compression chamber 3 is empty and the pressure of the fluid in the second compression chamber 4 is, for example, 2-20 bar). A low pressure (for example, 1-10 bar) cold fluid seated at the bottom of the housing 13 may be received by the intake system 2 into the first compression chamber 3 as the piston 5 rises (and the fluid is pressurized in the second compression chamber 4).

[0058] As the piston gradually rises ([Figure 3]), more fluid fills the first compression chamber 3. The fluid in the second compression chamber 4 is compressed. The first compression chamber 3 is filled. When the pressure in the second compression chamber 4 becomes greater than a determined pressure downstream (e.g. 100-1000 bar depending on the application), the exhaust orifice 7 opens, allowing the high pressure fluid to exit upwards via the exhaust duct 11.

[0059] In the uppermost position (FIG. 4), the second compression chamber 4 is empty and the first compression chamber 3 is full.

[0060] After the top dead position (FIG. 5), during the downward stroke of the piston 5, the pressure in the second chamber 4 drops from the previous circulation below the pressure in the first compression chamber 3, so that fluid moves from the first compression chamber 3 to the second compression chamber 4 via the transfer system 6 (FIG. 5). One or more ports 26 communicate with the first compression chamber 3 until such time as the piston 5 passes through a determined bottom longitudinal position. When the pressures equalize after the bottom dead position, the second compression chamber 4 is isolated.

[0061] The device can then return to the starting configuration and resume circulation ([Figure 6]).

[0062] This construction, with its compression stroke and separation of the cold section (at the bottom) and the hot section (at the top), allows the compression to work better, an advantage that is amplified by the relatively long distance between the intake (preferably at the bottom) and the exhaust (preferably at the top).

[0063] This is because the fluid is accepted at its lowest temperature and highest density basis, while the hotter fluid is displaced upwards. This minimizes the risk of mixing and boiling within the vessel 16. The hot fluid (leakage) can be collected directly at the top without the need for dedicated piping.

[0064] The whole can be housed in a casing.

[0065] [Figure 7] illustrates a variant in which an optional leakage gas exhaust circuit 12 is provided. The circuit 12 for example comprises a duct having a first end communicating with the space between the piston 5 and the central guide 8 (above the sealing system 10 and possibly below any additional upper seal that may be present) and a second end opening into the top of the device 1.

[0066] In the variant of [Figure 8], the geometry of the lower end of the piston 5 can be adapted to modify the ratio of the volumes of the two compression chambers 3, 4, for example to increase the size of the first compression chamber 3 relative to the second compression chamber 4.

[0067] A compression device 1 of this kind (or several in series or in parallel) may be used in any cryogenic installation where pumping or compression of cryogenic fluids is required.

[0068] For example, a station for filling tanks of pressurized gas (e.g. hydrogen) may comprise a source 17 of liquefied gas and a draw circulation 18 having a first end connected to the source and at least one second end intended to be connected to a tank 190 to be filled, the draw circulation 18 comprising such a pump supply device 1. The pumped fluid may be evaporated in a downstream heat exchanger 19 and optionally stored in one or more pressurized buffer tanks 20. The following is a summary of the claims as originally filed: [1] A fluid compression device (1) with multiple compression stages, comprising a sealed housing (13) containing a reservoir (16) of cryogenic fluid having a liquid phase, the upper portion of the housing (13) including a gas headspace, a first compression chamber (3), a second compression chamber (4), an intake system (2) in communication with the first compression chamber (3) and configured to receive a fluid to be compressed into the first compression chamber (3), and an intake system (3) in communication with the first and second compression chambers (3), (4) and configured to receive a fluid to be compressed into the first compression chamber (3). to said second compression chamber (4), and a movable piston (5) for ensuring compression of the fluid in said first and second compression chambers (3), (4), said device (1) also comprising an outlet orifice (7) communicating with said second compression chamber (4) and configured to allow the compressed fluid to exit, said second compression chamber (4) being bounded by a part of the body of said piston (5) and by a fixed wall of said device, said piston (5) being a piston (5) that is movable in a translational motion in a longitudinal direction (A), the piston (5) comprising a tubular part mounted around a fixed central guide (8) whose end forms the fixed wall that defines a portion of the second compression chamber (4), the device (1) comprising a sealing system (10) formed between the central guide (8) and the piston (5); and in the longitudinal direction (A) of translation of the piston (5), the intake system (2) is mounted at a first end of the device (1) and the exhaust system (2) is mounted at a second end of the device (1). an orifice (7) is located at the second end of the device, the transfer system (6) being located between the intake system (2) and the discharge orifice (7), the first and second compression chambers (3), (4) are immersed in the liquid phase of the tank (16), and the intake system includes one or more ports (26) which may or may not communicate between the first compression chamber (3) and the outside of the tank (16) depending on the longitudinal position of the piston (5). [2] The device according to [1], characterized in that the one or more ports (26) are arranged in such a way that when the piston (5) moves past the one or more ports (26), i.e. when the piston (5) is placed at least partially past the one or more ports (26), the one or more ports (26) allow communication between the first compression chamber (3) and the outside of the tank (16). [3] The device according to [1] or [2], characterized in that, during an intake phase, when the volume of the first compression chamber (3) is increasing, the one or more ports (26) are configured such that any gas that may be present in the first compression chamber (3) can escape outside the tank (16) via the one or more ports (26) and make way for liquid. [4] The device according to [2] or [3], characterized in that during the compression phase, i.e. when the piston (5) is reducing the volume of the first compression chamber (3), the one or more ports (26) are configured to allow excess liquid to escape and to stop communication with the first compression chamber (3) after measuring the volume of liquid trapped in the first compression chamber (3) up to a determined value. [5] The device according to any one of [1] to [4], characterized in that one end of the piston (5) forms a moving surface for compressing the fluid in the first compression chamber (3), whereas the tubular part of the piston (5) forms a moving sleeve, which cooperates with the end of the central guide (8) to form a system for compressing the fluid in the second compression chamber (4), in which compression system the end of the central guide (8) forms a fixed piston. [6] The device according to any one of [1] to [5], characterized in that the longitudinal direction (A) of translation of the piston (5) is vertical or inclined, the intake system (2) is mounted at the lower end of the device (1), and the discharge orifice (7) is mounted in a part of the device mounted above the intake system (2), preferably above the transfer system (6). [7] The device described in any one of [1] to [6], characterized in that the entirety of the second compression chamber (4) is contained within the tubular portion of the piston (5). [8] The device according to any one of [1] to [7], characterized in that in the longitudinal direction (A), a first end of the second compression chamber (4) is delimited by a first end of the tubular piston (5) and a second end of the second compression chamber (4) is delimited by the end of the central guide (8) and by the sealing system (10) formed between the central guide (8) and the piston (5), the sealing system (10) being located at the level of the end of the central guide (8) or adjacent to the end of the central guide (8). [9] The device described in any one of [1] to [8], characterized in that the sealing system (10) formed between the central guide (8) and the piston (5) is located only at the height of the second end of the second compression chamber (4) and / or beyond the second compression chamber (4) on the opposite side to the first end of the device (1) in the longitudinal direction (A).

[10] The device described in any one of [1] to [9], characterized in that the discharge orifice (7) is located at the height of the terminal end of the central guide (8), and the device (1) includes a duct (11) for discharging compressed gas and includes a first end connected to the discharge orifice (7) and a second end located at an end of the device (1) opposite to the first end.

[11] The device according to any one of [1] to

[10] , characterized in that the first compression chamber (3) is bounded by a first fixed cavity (14), one end of the piston (5), and a sealing system (15) formed between the piston (5) and a wall of the first fixed cavity (14).

[12] The device according to

[11] , characterized in that the intake system (2) is mounted at an end of the first cavity (14) opposite the second end of the device (1).

[13] The device described in any one of [1] to

[12] , characterized in that the intake system (2) includes at least one of the following: one or more check valves, at least one flat disc valve, or a valve configured to receive the fluid to be compressed during the intake stage into the first compression chamber (3) and prevent the fluid from exiting the compression stage.

[14] The device described in any one of [1] to

[13] , characterized in that the compression of the fluid in the second compression chamber (4) is brought about by a stroke of the piston (5) in the direction of the second end of the device (1).

[15] A station for filling tanks or pipes with compressed gas, comprising a source (17) of liquefied gas, in particular liquefied hydrogen, and an extraction circuit (18) having a first end connected to said source and at least one second end intended to be connected to a tank (190) to be filled, said extraction circuit (18) comprising a fluid pump supply device (1) or a fluid compression device (1) as described in any one of [1] to

[14] .

Claims

1. A fluid compression device (1) having multiple compression stages, comprising a sealed housing (13) and including a reservoir (16) of cryogenic fluid containing a liquid phase, the upper part of the sealed housing (13) being provided with a gas head space, a first compression chamber (3), a second compression chamber (4), an intake system (2) in communication with the first compression chamber (3) and configured to receive a fluid to be compressed in the first compression chamber (3), and an intake system (2) in communication with the first and second compression chambers (3), (4) and configured to transfer a fluid from the first compression chamber (3) to the second compression chamber (4). a transfer system (6) adapted to transfer the fluid in the first and second compression chambers (3), (4) to the fluid compression device (1) and a movable piston (5) for ensuring compression of the fluid in the first and second compression chambers (3), (4), the fluid compression device (1) also comprising an outlet orifice (7) communicating with the second compression chamber (4) and adapted to allow the compressed fluid to exit, the second compression chamber (4) being bounded by a part of the body of the piston (5) and by a fixed wall of the fluid compression device, the piston (5) being movable in a translational motion in a longitudinal direction (A), said piston (5) comprising a tubular portion mounted around a fixed central guide (8) whose terminal end forms said fixed wall delimiting a portion of said second compression chamber (4), said fluid compression device (1) comprising a sealing system (10) formed between said central guide (8) and said piston (5); the intake system (2) is located at a first end of the fluid compression device (1) in the longitudinal direction (A) of translation of the piston (5), the discharge orifice (7) is located at a second end of the fluid compression device, and the transfer system (6) is located between the intake system (2) and the discharge orifice (7); said first compression chamber (3) and said second compression chamber (4) being immersed in the liquid phase of said tank (16); the intake system comprises one or more ports (26) that allow communication or not between the first compression chamber (3) and the outer reservoir (16) depending on the longitudinal position of the piston (5).

2. 2. The fluid compression device according to claim 1, characterized in that the one or more ports (26) are arranged in such a way that when the piston (5) moves past the one or more ports (26), i.e. when the piston (5) is seated at least partially past the one or more ports (26), the one or more ports (26) allow communication between the first compression chamber (3) and the outer reservoir (16).

3. 3. A fluid compression device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, during an intake phase, when the volume of the first compression chamber (3) is increasing, the one or more ports (26) are configured in such a way that any gas that may be present in the first compression chamber (3) can escape through the one or more ports (26) to the outside reservoir (16) and make way for liquid.

4. 4. A fluid compression device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that during a compression phase, i.e. when the piston (5) is reducing the volume of the first compression chamber (3), the one or more ports (26) are configured to allow excess liquid to escape to the reservoir (16) and to stop communication between the first compression chamber (3) and the reservoir (16).

5. 5. Fluid compression device according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the piston (5) forms a moving surface for compressing the fluid in the first compression chamber (3), whereas the tubular part of the piston (5) forms a moving sleeve, which cooperates with the end of the central guide (8) to form a system for compressing the fluid in the second compression chamber (4), in which compression system the end of the central guide (8) forms a fixed piston.

6. A fluid compression device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in an operating configuration, the longitudinal direction (A) of translation of the piston (5) is vertical or inclined, the intake system (2) is mounted at the lower end of the fluid compression device (1), and the exhaust orifice (7) is mounted within a part of the fluid compression device mounted above the transfer system (6).

7. A fluid compression device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second compression chamber (4) is entirely contained within the tubular portion of the piston (5).

8. 8. A fluid compression device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the longitudinal direction (A), a first end of the second compression chamber (4) is delimited by a first end of the tubular piston (5) and a second end of the second compression chamber (4) is delimited by the end of the central guide (8) and by the sealing system (10) formed between the central guide (8) and the piston (5), the sealing system (10) being located at the level of or adjacent to the end of the central guide (8).

9. 9. Fluid compression device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sealing system (10) formed between the central guide (8) and the piston (5) is located only at the height of the second end of the second compression chamber (4) and / or beyond the second compression chamber (4) opposite the first end of the fluid compression device (1) in the longitudinal direction (A).

10. 10. The fluid compression device according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge orifice (7) is located at the level of the terminal end of the central guide (8) and the fluid compression device (1) comprises a duct (11) for discharging the compressed gas, the duct having a first end connected to the discharge orifice (7) and a second end located at an end of the fluid compression device (1) opposite to the first end.

11. A fluid compression device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the first compression chamber (3) is delimited by a first stationary cavity (14), one end of the piston (5) and a sealing system (15) formed between the piston (5) and a wall of the first stationary cavity (14).

12. 12. A fluid compression device according to claim 11, characterized in that the intake system (2) is located at an end of the first fixed cavity (14) opposite the second end of the fluid compression device (1).

13. A fluid compression device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the intake system (2) comprises at least one of the following: one or more check valves, at least one flat disc valve or valves configured to receive the fluid to be compressed during the intake phase into the first compression chamber (3) and to prevent the fluid from leaving the compression stage.

14. A fluid compression device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that compression of the fluid in the second compression chamber (4) is brought about by a stroke of the piston (5) towards the second end of the fluid compression device (1).

15. A station for filling tanks or pipes with compressed gas, comprising a source (17) of liquefied gas and a withdrawal circuit (18) having a first end connected to said source and at least one second end intended to be connected to a tank (190) to be filled, said withdrawal circuit (18) comprising a fluid compression device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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