Battery charging device and method

Abstract

To provide a battery charging device and method charging a battery while efficiently preventing a deterioration condition of the battery.SOLUTION: In a battery charging method, based on a battery characteristic according to a charging degree of a battery, a deterioration mode of the battery whose deterioration factor and deterioration degree are reflected is estimated (S210), a battery model is updated based on the deterioration mode (S220), and the battery is charged by using the updated battery model (S230).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The following embodiments relate to a battery charging apparatus and method. [Background technology]

[0002] There are various battery charging methods. For example, the constant current-constant voltage (CCCV) charging method charges the battery with a constant current, and when the battery voltage reaches a preset voltage, charges the battery with a constant voltage. Another example is the varying current decay charging method, which charges the battery with a high current at a low SOC (State of Charge), and when a specific SOC is reached, charges the battery while gradually reducing the current. Other methods include the multi-step charging method, which charges the battery with constant current (CC) in various stages from high to low current, and the pulse charging method, which repeatedly applies a pulse current in short time units. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] An object of an apparatus and method for charging a battery according to one embodiment is to charge a battery while efficiently avoiding battery degradation conditions. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] A battery charging method according to one embodiment includes estimating a deterioration mode of the battery, the deterioration mode reflecting a deterioration cause and a deterioration degree of the battery, based on battery characteristics according to a charge level of the battery, updating a battery model based on the deterioration mode, and charging the battery using the updated battery model.

[0005] In one embodiment of a battery charging method, the step of estimating a deterioration mode of the battery may estimate the deterioration mode of the battery using a deterioration mode of one or more reference batteries selected from a plurality of reference batteries having different deterioration factors and / or different degrees of deterioration.

[0006] In one embodiment of a battery charging method, the step of estimating a deterioration mode of the battery may include applying a weight determined according to a degree of similarity of battery characteristics depending on a charge level of the battery to a deterioration mode of each of the selected one or more reference batteries to estimate the deterioration mode of the battery.

[0007] In one embodiment of a battery charging method, the degree of similarity may indicate a degree to which a peak characteristic shown in a graph of battery characteristics according to the charge state of each of the selected reference batteries is similar to a peak characteristic shown in a graph of battery characteristics according to the charge state of the battery.

[0008] In an embodiment of a battery charging method, the peak characteristics may include at least one of a position, a strength, a full width at half maximum (FWHM), and a shape of a peak shown in a graph of battery characteristics according to a charge level.

[0009] In an embodiment of the battery charging method, the peak characteristic may be a characteristic of a peak at a portion where the charge level is the lowest among peaks included in a graph of battery characteristics according to the charge level.

[0010] In an embodiment of a battery charging method, the deterioration mode may indicate a deterioration factor that caused the battery to deteriorate according to a deterioration history of the battery, and a deterioration degree of the current battery caused by the deterioration factor.

[0011] In an embodiment of the battery charging method, the battery characteristics according to the charge level may be expressed as a graph based on the charge level of the battery and a ratio between a charge amount change and a voltage change of the battery.

[0012] In the battery charging method according to an embodiment, the charge level of the battery may include any one of a state of charge (SOC), a voltage, and a charge amount of the battery.

[0013] In an embodiment of the battery charging method, the battery characteristic according to the charge level may correspond to dQ / dV according to SOC, where dQ indicates a charge amount change and dV indicates a voltage change.

[0014] In one embodiment of a battery charging method, the step of estimating a deterioration mode of the battery may determine a deterioration mode previously estimated for the battery as the deterioration mode of the battery if a reuse condition for the deterioration mode is satisfied.

[0015] In one embodiment of a battery charging method, the reuse condition for the degradation mode may include at least one of whether the time difference between the last time point when the degradation mode of the battery was estimated and the current time point is less than or equal to a threshold time, and whether the usage amount of the battery since the last time point is less than or equal to a threshold usage amount.

[0016] In one embodiment of the battery charging method, the step of charging the battery may include charging the battery with a multi-step charging scheme determined based on the updated battery model.

[0017] In an embodiment of the battery charging method, the battery characteristics according to the charge level may be determined based on a charging profile of the battery.

[0018] In an embodiment of the battery charging method, the updating of the battery model may include updating the battery model such that a deterioration cause and a deterioration level of the battery according to the deterioration mode are reflected in an internal state of the battery model.

[0019] In the battery charging method according to an embodiment, the battery may be a battery cell, a battery module, or a battery pack.

[0020] In an embodiment of the battery charging method, the battery model may be an electrochemical model.

[0021] A battery charging device according to one embodiment includes a memory for storing a battery model, and a processor for estimating a deterioration mode of the battery that reflects the deterioration factors and deterioration degree of the battery based on battery characteristics according to the charge level of the battery, updating the battery model based on the deterioration mode, and controlling charging of the battery using the updated battery model.

[0022] A battery charging method according to one embodiment includes the steps of obtaining a charging profile of a battery containing lithium, determining battery characteristics according to a charging level of the battery based on the charging profile, determining whether deterioration due to lithium plating has occurred in the battery based on the battery characteristics according to the charging level, and, if deterioration due to lithium plating has occurred in the battery, estimating a deterioration mode of the battery to reflect the deterioration and updating a battery model, and charging the battery using the updated battery model.

[0023] In one embodiment of a battery charging method, the step of determining whether deterioration due to lithium plating has occurred in the battery may determine that deterioration due to lithium plating has occurred in the battery when a reference battery in which deterioration due to lithium plating has mainly occurred among a plurality of reference batteries having different deterioration factors and / or different degrees of deterioration is most similar to the battery characteristics based on the charging degree.

[0024] In one embodiment of the battery charging method, the step of updating the battery model may estimate a deterioration mode of the battery using a deterioration mode of a reference battery in which deterioration due to lithium plating mainly occurs, and update the battery model based on the estimated deterioration mode.

[0025] In one embodiment of the battery charging method, the step of charging the battery may include determining charging conditions for the battery using the updated battery model, and charging the battery using the determined charging conditions.

[0026] In an embodiment of the battery charging method, the battery model may be an electrochemical model.

[0027] In one embodiment of the battery charging method, the step of updating the battery model may update the electrochemical model to reflect lithium capacity loss in the anode due to the lithium plating.

[0028] A battery charging method according to one embodiment may include estimating a degradation mode of a target battery by comparing one or more characteristics of the target battery with corresponding characteristics of at least two reference batteries in which degradation due to different degradation factors occurs primarily, and charging the target battery using a battery model determined based on the estimated degradation mode.

[0029] In one embodiment of the battery charging method, the at least two reference batteries may include a first reference battery degraded primarily by lithium plating, and a second reference battery degraded primarily by anode capacity reduction and a cathode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Effect of the Invention

[0030] According to one embodiment of the battery charging device and method, the battery can be efficiently charged using an electrochemical model updated based on a deterioration mode that reflects not only the current deterioration state of the battery but also its deterioration history. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0031] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates a battery charging system according to an embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 illustrates a method for charging a battery according to an embodiment. [Diagram 3] 10 is a diagram illustrating battery characteristics according to the charge level of a plurality of reference batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 4] 10 is a diagram illustrating battery characteristics according to the charge level of a plurality of reference batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of estimating a deterioration mode of a battery according to an embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of charging a battery according to one embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a battery charging method according to another embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates a battery charging device according to one embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a vehicle according to an embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a mobile device according to an embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a terminal according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0032] The specific structural or functional description of the embodiments is disclosed for the purpose of illustration only, and may be modified in various forms. Therefore, the embodiments are not limited to the specific disclosed forms, and the scope of the present specification includes modifications, equivalents, or alternatives within the technical spirit.

[0033] Although terms such as first or second may be used to describe multiple components, such terms should be construed only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from the other components. For example, a first component may be termed a second component, and similarly, a second component may be termed a first component.

[0034] When a component is referred to as being "coupled" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that although it is directly coupled or connected to the other component, there may be other components in between.

[0035] The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this specification, the terms "comprise" and "have" are intended to indicate the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, and should be understood as not precluding the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0036] In addition, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. Commonly used predefined terms should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning they have in the context of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted as ideal or overly formal unless expressly defined in this specification.

[0037] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals regardless of the reference numerals, and duplicated description thereof will be omitted.

[0038] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a battery charging system according to an embodiment.

[0039] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery charging system 100 according to one embodiment includes a battery charging device 110 and a battery 120.

[0040] The battery 120 corresponds to a battery cell, a battery module, or a battery pack.

[0041] The battery charging apparatus 110 charges the battery 120 using a battery model. For example, the battery charging apparatus 110 can estimate the internal state of the battery based on the battery model and rapidly charge the battery 120 using a multi-step charging method that minimizes charging deterioration. Here, the battery model may be an electrochemical model that models internal physical phenomena such as the potential and ion concentration distribution of the battery 120 and estimates state information of the battery 120. In addition, the internal state of the battery includes the anode lithium ion concentration distribution, the cathode lithium ion concentration distribution, and / or the electrolyte lithium ion concentration distribution of the battery, and the active material includes the anode and the cathode of the battery.

[0042] When the battery 120 is used repeatedly, the deterioration gradually worsens, and the deterioration state of the battery 120 may change depending on the usage history of the battery 120. Therefore, the battery model may be updated to reflect not only the SOH (State of Health) that decreases due to repeated use of the battery 120, but also the deterioration mode that may change depending on the usage history of the battery 120. If a battery model that does not reflect the deterioration mode is used, the internal state of the battery model for determining the charging limit condition during fast charging may be inaccurately estimated, and as a result, the deterioration condition cannot be avoided, and the battery life may be shortened due to the occurrence of rapid deterioration.

[0043] The degradation mode according to an embodiment may reflect the degree of degradation of the current battery 120 according to the degradation factors and degradation causes of the battery 120 according to the degradation history of the battery 120. The degradation factors may include any degradation factors that may be reflected in the battery model, and may include, for example, a decrease in anode capacity, a decrease in cathode capacity, lithium ion loss, an increase in electrode surface resistance, a change in electrode diffusivity, etc. In general, a battery is deteriorated by a combination of various degradation factors. The degree of degradation indicates the SOH.

[0044] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a battery charging method according to an embodiment.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a battery charging method executed by a processor included in a battery charging device according to an embodiment.

[0046] In step S210, the battery charging device estimates a deterioration mode of the battery reflecting the deterioration factor and the deterioration degree of the battery based on the battery characteristics according to the charge level of the battery. Here, the battery characteristics according to the charge level of the battery are expressed in a graph based on the ratio between the charge amount change and the voltage change of the battery and the charge level of the battery. The charge level of the battery includes any one of the SOC, voltage (V), and charge amount (Q) of the battery. For example, the battery characteristics according to the charge level corresponds to dQ / dV according to the SOC, where dQ indicates the charge amount change and dV indicates the voltage change. The battery characteristics according to the charge level can be determined based on the charging profile of the battery.

[0047] The battery charging apparatus can estimate the deterioration mode of the battery using the deterioration mode of one or more reference batteries selected from a plurality of reference batteries having different deterioration factors and / or different degrees of deterioration. Here, if a plurality of reference batteries are selected, a weight is applied to each deterioration mode of the reference batteries to estimate the deterioration mode of the battery, and the weight is determined according to the degree of similarity of the battery characteristics depending on the charge level of the battery. A detailed description will be given later with reference to Figures 3 to 5.

[0048] In step S220, the battery charging device updates the battery model based on the deterioration mode. The battery charging device updates the battery model so that the deterioration cause and deterioration degree of the battery according to the deterioration mode are reflected in the internal state of the battery model.

[0049] In step S230, the battery charger charges the battery using the updated battery model. The battery charger can charge the battery according to a multi-step charging regime determined based on the updated electrochemical model.

[0050] 3 and 4 are diagrams illustrating battery characteristics according to the charge level of a plurality of reference batteries according to an embodiment.

[0051] As described above, the deterioration mode of the battery may be estimated using the deterioration modes of one or more reference batteries. To this end, the battery characteristics and deterioration modes of a plurality of reference batteries according to their charge levels may be stored in advance in a database.

[0052] The reference batteries may have different deterioration factors and / or different current deterioration levels, and therefore have different battery characteristics and deterioration modes depending on the charge level.

[0053] The battery charging apparatus selects one or more reference batteries having battery characteristics according to a charge level similar to that of a battery to be charged from among a plurality of reference batteries. Here, the degree of similarity is determined based on a peak characteristic shown in a graph of battery characteristics according to a charge level. The peak characteristic will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

[0054] Fig. 3 shows an example of a graph illustrating battery characteristics depending on the degree of charging of a cell aged at 10°C, 1C according to an embodiment, and in this case, it is presumed that the main cause is deterioration due to lithium plating. Fig. 4 shows an example of a graph illustrating battery characteristics depending on the degree of charging of a cell aged at 25°C, 1C according to an embodiment, and in this case, it is presumed that the main cause is deterioration due to a decrease in anode capacity and deterioration due to a cathode SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) layer.

[0055] 3 and 4, it can be seen that even if the aging temperature is the same, different graphs are shown depending on the SOH, and even if the SOH is the same, different graphs are shown depending on the aging temperature. In particular, among the peaks included in the graphs, different characteristics are clearly shown in the peaks at the lowest SOC (in other words, initial SOC) 310, 410. In other words, the most obvious difference in characteristics may occur at the first peak shown in the graph.

[0056] The peak characteristics according to an embodiment include at least one of the following characteristics: the position, the intensity, the FWHM, and the shape of the peak shown in the graph. The position of the peak indicates the SOC value at which the peak occurs. For example, in FIG. 3, it was confirmed that the position of the peak (in other words, the SOC at which the peak occurs) shifts as the SOH changes. Meanwhile, in FIG. 4, it was confirmed that the shift of the peak position is relatively small as the SOH changes. The intensity of the peak indicates how sharply the corresponding peak is formed. For example, in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, it can be seen that the intensity of the peak becomes relatively weak as the SOH decreases. The FWHM of the peak can be expressed as the difference between two variable values ​​that are half the maximum value of the peak. For example, the thinner and sharper the peak is, the smaller the FWHM of the peak. The shape of the peak indicates the form in which the peak is formed. For example, the peak may rise sharply and then curve down, or conversely, the peak may rise curved and then sharply down.

[0057] Although the battery characteristics according to the state of charge shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are shown as graphs of dQ / dV vs. SOC, this is for convenience of explanation and the embodiment is not limited thereto, and dV / dQ may be applied instead of dQ / dV on the y-axis, and voltage (V) or charge (Q) may be applied instead of SOC on the x-axis.

[0058] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of estimating a deterioration mode of a battery according to an embodiment.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 5, an example is shown of determining the degradation mode of a target battery using the degradation modes of one or more reference batteries whose battery characteristics according to the charge level are similar to the target battery to be charged, according to one embodiment.

[0060] Graph 510 exemplarily shown in FIG. 5 indicates battery characteristics according to the charge level of a target battery, graph 521 indicates battery characteristics according to the charge level of a first reference battery, and graph 522 indicates battery characteristics according to the charge level of a second reference battery.

[0061] The database 520 stores battery characteristics and deterioration modes according to the charge level of each of the multiple reference batteries. The battery charging device can identify one or more reference batteries in the database 520 whose battery characteristics according to the charge level are similar to those of the target battery. For example, the battery charging device may identify one or more reference batteries whose battery characteristics according to the charge level are similar to those of the target battery by a threshold similarity or more. Or, the battery charging device may identify n reference batteries whose battery characteristics according to the charge level are most similar to those of the target battery. In addition, various embodiments may be applied, such as identifying one or more reference batteries whose battery characteristics according to the charge level are similar to those of the target battery.

[0062] The battery charging apparatus may then estimate a deterioration mode of the target battery by applying a weight determined according to the degree of similarity to each of the identified one or more reference batteries. The degree of similarity indicates the degree to which a peak characteristic shown in a graph of battery characteristics according to the charge state of each of the identified reference batteries is similar to a peak characteristic shown in a graph of battery characteristics according to the charge state of the target battery.

[0063] For ease of explanation, it is assumed that a first reference battery and a second reference battery are identified from among a plurality of reference batteries in the database 520 shown in Fig. 5. It is also assumed that the first reference battery and the second reference battery are batteries degraded due to various degradation factors (e.g., lithium plating, anode capacity reduction, cathode SEI layer, etc.), and for example, it is assumed that the first reference battery is a battery degraded mainly due to lithium plating, and the second reference battery is a battery degraded mainly due to anode capacity reduction and cathode SEI layer.

[0064] The battery charging apparatus determines a first similarity between the graph 510 of the target battery and the graph 521 of the first reference battery. Here, the first similarity may be determined based on the degree of similarity of the peak characteristics described above. Similarly, the battery charging apparatus determines a second similarity between the graph 510 of the target battery and the graph 522 of the second reference battery.

[0065] The battery charging device determines a first weighting value to be applied to the first deterioration mode of the first reference battery based on the first similarity, and similarly determines a second weighting value to be applied to the second deterioration mode of the second reference battery based on the second similarity. For example, the higher the similarity, the higher the weighting value is determined, so that the deterioration mode of the reference battery having a high similarity can be reflected with a higher weighting in the deterioration mode of the target battery.

[0066] The battery charging device can estimate a deterioration mode of the battery to be charged based on the first deterioration mode to which the first weighting value is applied and the second deterioration mode to which the second weighting value is applied, and update the battery model based on the deterioration mode thus estimated.

[0067] For example, the battery model may be updated to reflect deterioration due to lithium plating, anode capacity reduction, and cathode SEI layer that occurred in the battery to be charged. If a first weighting value applied to a first deterioration mode of a first reference battery is 0.7 and a second weighting value applied to a second deterioration mode of a second reference battery is 0.3, the deterioration due to lithium plating to be reflected in the battery model is determined by applying 0.7 to the first deterioration mode that indicates the deterioration of lithium plating that occurred in the first reference battery and applying 0.3 to the second deterioration mode that indicates the deterioration of lithium plating that occurred in the second reference battery. In addition, the deterioration due to the anode capacity reduction and the cathode SEI layer to be reflected in the battery model is determined by applying 0.7 to the first deterioration mode that indicates the anode capacity reduction and the cathode SEI layer reduction that occurred in the first reference battery and applying 0.3 to the second deterioration mode that indicates the anode capacity reduction and the cathode SEI layer reduction that occurred in the second reference battery.

[0068] In this way, by estimating the deterioration mode of the target battery to be charged based on the deterioration modes of one or more existing batteries with similar battery characteristics depending on the level of charge, even if the target battery only has battery characteristics depending on the level of charge derived from the charging profile of the target battery, it is possible to reflect in the battery model what deterioration factors caused the target battery to deteriorate in the past, what its history is, and what its current deterioration state is, and it is possible to perform rapid charging while efficiently avoiding deterioration conditions.

[0069] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of charging a battery according to one embodiment.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 6, a flow chart of a battery charging device charging a battery according to one embodiment is shown.

[0071] In step S601, the battery charging device determines whether the reuse condition of the deterioration mode is satisfied. For example, the reuse condition may include at least one of whether the difference in time between the last time point when the deterioration mode of the battery was estimated and the current time point is equal to or less than a threshold time, and whether the usage amount of the battery since the last time point is equal to or less than a threshold usage amount. In other words, if the difference between the last time point when the deterioration mode was estimated and the current time point is not large and / or the battery has not been used much since the last time point, it is difficult to see that the deterioration state of the battery has progressed substantially during that time, so the previously estimated deterioration mode may be used as it is.

[0072] If the reuse condition of the degradation mode is satisfied, step S605 is continued, the previous degradation mode is applied to the battery model, and steps S602 to S604 are omitted. Conversely, if the reuse condition of the degradation mode is not satisfied, step S602 is continued.

[0073] In step S602, the battery charger applies a charging current to the battery for analyzing the charging profile.

[0074] In step S603, the battery charging device analyzes the charging profile to estimate the deterioration mode of the battery. For example, the battery charging device may analyze the charging profile to determine battery characteristics according to the charge level of the battery, and estimate the deterioration mode of the battery using the battery characteristics according to the determined charge level. The above description may be applied to the details, so a more detailed description will be omitted.

[0075] In step S604, the battery charger updates the battery model based on the estimated degradation mode.

[0076] In step S606, the battery charger uses the updated battery model to estimate the SOC and internal conditions of the battery, which may include the battery's anode overpotential, cathode overpotential, cathode surface lithium ion concentration, anode surface lithium ion concentration, cell voltage condition, state of charge, and temperature.

[0077] In step S607, the battery charging device determines a charging current and a charging limiting condition. Here, the charging limiting condition is a condition for classifying the charging of the battery into a plurality of charging steps in order to charge the battery within a range that prevents deterioration of the battery according to a multi-step charging method, and for example, a charging limiting condition for at least one of the charging time, voltage, current, temperature, and internal state of the battery may be set. The charging current is a current for charging the battery in each charging step, and is expressed in A, mA, C-rate, etc.

[0078] In step S608, the battery charger sets the charging step N to "1."

[0079] In step S609, the battery charging device detects a charging current I N Charge the battery with

[0080] In step S610, the battery charger measures at least one of the current, voltage, and temperature of the battery, and estimates the internal state of the battery based on the measured values ​​and an electrochemical model.

[0081] In step S611, the battery charging device determines whether the charging limit condition determined in step S607 is reached. For example, the battery charging device determines whether measured values ​​such as the charging time, voltage, current, and temperature of the battery and / or estimated values ​​such as the internal state of the battery reach the charging limit condition. If the charging limit condition is not reached, step S609 is executed next. Conversely, if the charging limit condition is reached, step S612 is executed next.

[0082] In step S612, the battery charger increases the charging step N by one.

[0083] In step S613, the battery charger determines whether the charging step N is the last charging step N F If the last charging step N F If not exceeded, step S609 is executed next. Conversely, the last charging step N F If exceeded, battery charging is terminated.

[0084] Alternatively, battery charging may be terminated by other charge termination events, depending on the embodiment. As an example, the battery charging device terminates battery charging when the battery voltage reaches a threshold voltage. The threshold voltage may be, for example, within 4V to 4.2V. As a different example, the battery charging device charges the battery to a constant voltage when the battery voltage reaches the threshold voltage, and terminates battery charging when the battery current reaches a termination current (e.g., 0.05C-rate) during that time.

[0085] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a battery charging method according to another embodiment.

[0086] Referring to FIG. 7, a battery charging method executed by a processor included in the battery charging device is shown.

[0087] In step S710, the battery charger obtains a charging profile for a battery containing lithium.

[0088] In step S720, the battery charging device determines the battery characteristics according to the charge level of the battery based on the charging profile.

[0089] In step S730, the battery charging device determines whether deterioration due to lithium plating has occurred in the battery based on the battery characteristics according to the charge level. The battery charging device determines that deterioration due to lithium plating has occurred in the battery when a reference battery in which deterioration due to lithium plating has mainly occurred among a plurality of reference batteries having different deterioration factors and / or different deterioration levels is most similar to the battery characteristics according to the charge level.

[0090] In step S740, if deterioration due to lithium plating occurs in the battery, the battery charging device estimates the deterioration mode of the battery to reflect the deterioration, and updates the battery model. The battery charging device estimates the deterioration mode of the battery using the deterioration mode of a reference battery in which deterioration due to lithium plating mainly occurs, and updates the battery model based on the estimated deterioration mode.

[0091] In step S750, the battery charging device charges the battery using the updated battery model. The battery charging device determines charging conditions for the battery using the updated battery model, and charges the battery using the determined charging conditions.

[0092] 7. The matters described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 can also be applied to each step shown in FIG. 7, so a more detailed description will be omitted.

[0093] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a battery charging device according to one embodiment.

[0094] 8, a battery charging device 800 according to one embodiment includes a memory 810 and a processor 820. The memory 810 and the processor 820 communicate with each other via a bus 830. The battery charging device 800 is mounted in various electronic devices including a battery (for example, a vehicle, a terminal, a walking assistance device, etc.).

[0095] The memory 810 may include computer readable instructions. The processor 820 may perform the operations described above by executing the instructions stored in the memory 810. The memory 810 may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory.

[0096] The processor 820 is a device that executes commands or programs and controls the battery charging apparatus 800. The processor 820 can estimate a deterioration mode of the battery reflecting a deterioration factor and a deterioration level of the battery based on battery characteristics according to a charge level of the battery, update a battery model based on the deterioration mode, and control charging of the battery using the updated battery model.

[0097] Additionally, the battery charging device 800 can process the operations described above.

[0098] FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0099] 9, a vehicle 900 includes a battery pack 910. The vehicle 900 is a vehicle that uses the battery pack 910 as a power source. The vehicle 900 may be, for example, an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

[0100] The battery pack 910 includes a battery management system (BMS) and battery cells (or battery modules). The BMS monitors whether an abnormality occurs in the battery pack 910 and prevents the battery pack 910 from being overcharged or overdischarged. In addition, the BMS can perform thermal control on the battery pack 910 if the temperature of the battery pack 910 exceeds a first temperature (e.g., 40° C.) or is lower than a second temperature (e.g., −10° C.). In addition, the BMS performs cell balancing to equalize the charge states of the battery cells in the battery pack 910.

[0101] According to the embodiment, the vehicle 900 includes a battery charging device. The battery charging device updates a battery model based on a deterioration mode reflecting a deterioration factor and a deterioration degree of the battery pack 910 (or a battery cell in the battery pack 910), and charges the battery pack 910 (or a battery cell in the battery pack 910) using the updated battery model.

[0102] The matters described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8 can be applied to the matters described with reference to FIG. 9, and therefore detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0103] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a mobile device according to an embodiment.

[0104] 10, the mobile device 1000 includes a battery pack 1010. The mobile device 1000 is a device that uses the battery pack 1010 as a power source. The mobile device 1000 is a portable terminal, and may be, for example, a smartphone. The battery pack 1010 includes a BMS and a battery cell (or a battery module).

[0105] According to an embodiment, the mobile device 1000 includes a battery charging device. The battery charging device updates a battery model based on a deterioration mode reflecting a deterioration cause and a deterioration degree of the battery pack 1010 (or a battery cell in the battery pack 1010), and charges the battery pack 1010 (or a battery cell in the battery pack 1010) using the updated battery model.

[0106] The matters described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 can be applied to the matters described with reference to FIG. 10, and therefore detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0107] FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a terminal according to an embodiment.

[0108] 11, a terminal 1110 includes a battery charging device 110 and a battery 120. The terminal 1110 may be, but is not limited to, a mobile terminal such as a smartphone, a laptop computer, a tablet PC, or a wearable device.

[0109] The battery charging device 110 may be in the form of an IC (Integrated Circuit), but is not limited thereto.

[0110] The battery charging apparatus 110 may receive power from a power source 1120 in a wired or wireless manner and charges the battery 120 based on the received power. The battery charging apparatus 110 updates a battery model based on a deterioration mode that reflects a deterioration factor and a deterioration degree of the battery 120, and charges the battery 120 using the updated battery model.

[0111] The matters described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10 can be applied to the matters described with reference to FIG. 11, and therefore detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0112] The above-described embodiments may be implemented using hardware components, software components, or a combination of hardware and software components. For example, the devices and components described in the embodiments may be implemented using one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers, such as a processor, a controller, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a field programmable array (FPA), a programmable logic unit (PLU), a microprocessor, or other devices that execute and respond to instructions. The processing device executes an operating system (OS) and one or more software applications that run on the operating system. The processing device also accesses, stores, manipulates, processes, and generates data in response to the execution of the software. For ease of understanding, the processing device may be described as being one in which one is used, but one skilled in the art will appreciate that the processing device may include multiple processing elements and / or multiple types of processing elements. For example, the processing device may include multiple processors or one processor and one controller. Other processing configurations are also possible, such as parallel processors.

[0113] The software may include computer programs, codes, instructions, or any combination of one or more thereof, capable of configuring or instructing a processing device to operate as desired, either independently or in combination. The software and / or data may be embodied in any type of machine, component, physical device, virtual device, computer storage medium or device, or transmitted signal wave, either permanently or temporarily, to be interpreted by the processing device or to provide instructions or data to the processing device. The software may be distributed across computer systems coupled to a network, and may be stored and executed in a distributed manner. The software and data may be stored on one or more computer readable recording media.

[0114] The method according to the present invention may be embodied in the form of program instructions to be executed by various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. The recording medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like, alone or in combination. The recording medium and the program instructions may be specially designed and constructed for the purposes of the present invention, or may be well known and available to those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tapes, optical recording media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, magneto-optical media such as floptical disks, and hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include not only machine code, such as produced by a compiler, but also high-level language code executed by a computer using an interpreter, and the like. The hardware devices may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations shown in the present invention, and vice versa.

[0115] Although the embodiments have been described above with reference to limited drawings, those skilled in the art may apply various technical modifications and variations based on the above description. For example, the described techniques may be performed in a different order than described, and / or the components of the described systems, structures, devices, circuits, etc. may be combined or combined in a different manner than described, or may be replaced or substituted with other components or equivalents to achieve appropriate results.

[0116] Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but should be determined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. estimating a deterioration mode of the battery, the deterioration mode reflecting a deterioration factor and a deterioration degree of the battery, based on a battery characteristic according to a charge level of the battery; updating a battery model based on the degradation mode; charging the battery using the updated battery model; Including, The battery characteristics according to the charge level are expressed as a graph of dQ / dV versus SOC (State of Charge) of the battery, A battery charging method, wherein dQ indicates a change in charge amount and dV indicates a change in voltage.

2. 2. The battery charging method according to claim 1, wherein the step of estimating the deterioration mode of the battery estimates the deterioration mode of the battery using deterioration modes of one or more reference batteries selected from a plurality of reference batteries having different deterioration factors and / or different degrees of deterioration.

3. 3. The battery charging method of claim 2, wherein the step of estimating the deterioration mode of the battery includes applying a weight determined according to a degree of similarity of battery characteristics depending on a charge level of the battery to the deterioration mode of each of the selected one or more reference batteries to estimate the deterioration mode of the battery.

4. 4. The battery charging method of claim 3, wherein the degree of similarity indicates a degree to which a peak characteristic shown in a graph of battery characteristics according to the charge state of each of the selected reference batteries is similar to a peak characteristic shown in a graph of battery characteristics according to the charge state of the battery.

5. The peak characteristics include at least one of a position, a strength, a full width at half maximum (FWHM), and a shape of a peak shown in a graph of battery characteristics according to a charge level; or 5. The battery charging method according to claim 4, wherein the peak characteristic is a characteristic of a peak at a portion where the charge level is the lowest among peaks included in a graph of battery characteristics according to the charge level.

6. The degradation mode is A deterioration factor that causes the battery to deteriorate according to the deterioration history of the battery; A degree of deterioration of the current battery due to the deterioration factor; and 2. The battery charging method of claim 1,

7. 2. The battery charging method according to claim 1, wherein the step of estimating the deterioration mode of the battery determines a deterioration mode previously estimated for the battery as the deterioration mode of the battery if a reuse condition for the deterioration mode is satisfied.

8. The reuse condition of the deterioration mode is: whether the difference in time between the last time when the deterioration mode of the battery was estimated and the current time is equal to or less than a threshold time; whether the usage of the battery since the last time point is less than or equal to a threshold usage; 8. The battery charging method of claim 7, comprising at least one of the following steps:

9. 2. The battery charging method of claim 1, wherein the step of charging the battery comprises charging the battery with a multi-step charging regime determined based on the updated battery model.

10. The battery charging method according to claim 1 , wherein the battery characteristics according to the charge level are determined based on a charging profile of the battery.

11. 2. The battery charging method according to claim 1, wherein the step of updating the battery model includes updating the battery model so that a deterioration cause and a deterioration degree of the battery according to the deterioration mode are reflected in an internal state of the battery model.

12. The battery charging method according to claim 1 , wherein the battery is a battery cell, a battery module, or a battery pack.

13. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery model is an electrochemical model.

14. A computer-readable storage medium having a program recorded thereon for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. A memory for storing a battery model; a processor that estimates a deterioration mode of the battery, the deterioration mode reflecting a deterioration factor and a deterioration degree of the battery, based on a battery characteristic according to a charge level of the battery, updates the battery model based on the deterioration mode, and controls charging of the battery using the updated battery model; Including, The battery characteristics according to the charge level are expressed as a graph of dQ / dV versus SOC (State of Charge) of the battery, A battery charging device, wherein dQ indicates a change in charge amount and dV indicates a change in voltage.

16. 16. The battery charging device of claim 15, wherein the processor estimates the deterioration mode of the battery using deterioration modes of one or more reference batteries selected from a plurality of reference batteries having different deterioration factors and / or different degrees of deterioration.

17. obtaining a charging profile for a battery containing lithium; determining a battery characteristic according to a charge level of the battery based on the charging profile; determining whether deterioration due to lithium plating has occurred in the battery based on the battery characteristics according to the charge level; If deterioration due to lithium plating occurs in the battery, estimating a deterioration mode of the battery and updating a battery model so that the deterioration is reflected; charging the battery using the updated battery model; Including, The battery characteristics according to the charge level are expressed as a graph of dQ / dV versus SOC (State of Charge) of the battery, A battery charging method, wherein dQ indicates a change in charge amount and dV indicates a change in voltage.

18. 20. The battery charging method of claim 17, wherein the step of determining whether deterioration due to lithium plating has occurred in the battery comprises determining that deterioration due to lithium plating has occurred in the battery when a reference battery in which deterioration due to lithium plating has mainly occurred among a plurality of reference batteries having different deterioration factors and / or different degrees of deterioration is most similar to the battery characteristics based on the charging degree.

19. 18. The battery charging method according to claim 17, wherein the step of updating the battery model includes estimating a deterioration mode of the battery using a deterioration mode of a reference battery in which deterioration due to lithium plating mainly occurs, and updating the battery model based on the estimated deterioration mode.

20. 20. The battery charging method of claim 17, wherein the step of charging the battery includes determining charging conditions for the battery using the updated battery model, and charging the battery using the determined charging conditions.

21. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the battery model is an electrochemical model.

22. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of updating the battery model updates the electrochemical model to reflect degradation due to lithium plating and degradation due to anode capacity reduction.

23. estimating a degradation mode of the target battery by comparing a characteristic of the target battery with corresponding characteristics of at least two reference batteries in which degradation mainly occurs due to different degradation factors; charging the target battery using an updated battery model based on the estimated degradation mode; Including, The characteristics of the target battery are expressed by a graph of dQ / dV versus SOC (State of Charge) of the target battery, A battery charging method, wherein dQ indicates a change in charge amount and dV indicates a change in voltage.

24. 24. The battery charging method of claim 23, wherein the at least two reference batteries include a first reference battery degraded primarily by lithium plating, and a second reference battery degraded primarily by anode capacity reduction and a cathode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer.

Images