Method for repairing asphalt surfaces and device for carrying out the method

Abstract

The method for repairing an asphalt surface using microwave heating is carried out such that the area around a defect (24) in the asphalt layer is divided into at least two zones with separate heating by microwave radiation prior to heating. In the primary heating zone (25), defined by the defect edge (23) and its periphery and separated from the defect edge (23) by a distance of at least 10 mm on both sides, the asphalt layer is heated to a temperature of 70°C to 195°C. In the secondary heating zone (26), adjacent to the primary heating zone (25) and at least 10 mm wide, the asphalt layer is heated to a temperature of 30°C to 110°C. The temperature in the primary heating zone (25) is always at least 20°C higher than the temperature in the secondary heating zone (26). Following heating of the primary heating zone (25) and secondary heating zone (26) to the desired temperatures, the damaged area is filled with heated asphalt mix, which is then compacted to the same level as the original surface. An apparatus for carrying out this method includes an application unit (22) including a microwave generator (3) and its associated waveguide (4), and further includes a source (2) and a control system, in which the microwave generator (3) is coupled to a control unit (1). At least two waveguides (4) terminated by output chambers (5) and coupled to the microwave generator (3) are divided into at least two independent heating segments (21) for controlled heating of specific areas around defects (24) in the asphalt layer. Beneath the outlet to the output chambers (5) of each waveguide (4) is a sensor (9) for measuring the temperature of the heating surface, which is connected to the control unit (1). Additionally, between the casing (8) of the application unit (22) and the frame (6) of the application unit (22), a drive segment (7) is connected to the control unit (1) for controlling the movement of the application unit (22) over the heating surface. The contained microwave oven (14) for heating the asphalt filler mixture is preferably integrated into a separate part of the device from the application unit (22), which separate part includes the internal combustion engine (12), the generator (11), the drive shaft (16) and the steering shaft (17). The casing (8) of the application unit (22) is provided on its underside with at least one detection camera (20).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for repairing asphalt surfaces and a repair device for asphalt surfaces with asphalt materials, in which an optimal heat treatment of the pothole and its surroundings to be repaired is provided by targeted concentration of energy. [Background technology]

[0002] Currently, the repair of cracks and potholes in damaged asphalt surfaces is carried out in several ways using several devices. The purpose of the repair is to prevent the ingress of water into and below the asphalt layer and to protect it from mechanical deterioration caused both by the volumetric changes of water during temperature changes (below and above 0°C) and by the mechanical removal of aggregates from the layer when the water is compressed by vehicle wheels.

[0003] Several methods and apparatus are known for repairing asphalt surfaces.

[0004] Step 1 Cold asphalt binder, which has been emulsified in water or dissolved in an organic solvent, is poured into cracks on the asphalt surface, which is also at room temperature, or hot asphalt binder is heated to a temperature where it becomes liquid and then poured into cracks on the asphalt surface, which is also at room temperature, to fill in the defective areas with the asphalt binder.

[0005] This method results in a poor quality bond between the hardened asphalt binder and the asphalt surface, resulting in leaky joints and further water infiltration into the damaged asphalt layer. Another drawback of this method is the reduced road surface roughness in places where the asphalt binder protrudes into the road surface, which causes an undesirable and dangerous reduction in the anti-skid properties of the road, especially for single-track vehicles (bicycles, motorcycles).

[0006] Step 2 The defect is filled with a cold asphalt mix, consisting of 4-6 mm size fragmented aggregate and an asphalt binder dissolved in an organic solvent, which is poured at room temperature into the defect on the asphalt surface, which is also at room temperature, and then compacted or tamped.

[0007] This method results in a poor quality bond between the cold asphalt mix and the cold pothole substrate, resulting in leaky joints and further water infiltration into the damaged asphalt layer. Another drawback of this method is the reduced bearing capacity of the road at the repair site, caused by the use of aggregates with smaller particle size and different fragment distribution than the surrounding roads. This method is only suitable for use as a temporary repair with a limited life span (weeks to months).

[0008] Step 3 The defect is filled with a hot asphalt mix using a spray jet device, where aggregate with a fragment size of 4-6 mm is mixed with an asphalt binder heated to a liquid temperature and the asphalt mix is ​​applied at high speed to the defect on the cold asphalt surface.

[0009] This method results in a poor quality bond between the hardened asphalt mix and the asphalt surface, resulting in leaky joints and further water infiltration into the damaged asphalt layer. A further drawback of this method is the reduction in skid resistance of the road surface caused by the layer of fine aggregate not bound by the asphalt binder by the repair, which causes both an undesirable and dangerous reduction in skid resistance of the road surface for all vehicles and dangerous splashing of fine aggregate from the vehicle wheels.

[0010] Step 4 The defect is excavated and filled with hot asphalt mix at room temperature, the damaged part of the asphalt layer with defect is cut into a predetermined square or rectangular shape with a circular saw, the asphalt layer within the predetermined shape is mechanically excavated or crushed with road milling equipment, the resulting hole in the asphalt layer is covered with a binding spray of asphalt binder, the hole is filled with hot asphalt mix (HRA) and compacted or compacted. After the hot asphalt mix cools down, the joint between the embedded asphalt mix and the original asphalt layer is cut with a circular saw. The cut joint is treated according to step 1.

[0011] This method results in a poor quality bond between the hot asphalt mix and the asphalt binder that hardens with the cold asphalt layer, resulting in leaky joints and further water infiltration into the damaged asphalt layer. Another drawback of this method is the reduced road roughness in places where the asphalt binder protrudes above the road surface, which causes an undesirable and dangerous reduction in the anti-skid properties of the road, especially for single-track vehicles (bicycles, motorcycles).

[0012] Step 5 The asphalt layer near the defect is preheated with a gas flame or IR emitter and filled with hot asphalt mix, the damaged part of the asphalt layer with the defect is heated with a gas flame or IR emitter in a predetermined square or rectangular shape. In order to heat the asphalt layer to the bottom of the pothole in this way, the surface of the asphalt layer needs to be heated to a temperature of more than 190°C. This causes thermal degradation of the asphalt binder in the heated area, causing it to lose its plasticity permanently. After the heating is completed, the heated area is mechanically scraped, filled with R-material, injected with a fixed amount of new asphalt binder, mechanically homogenized, and compacted or densified.

[0013] This process results in thermal degradation of the high-quality asphalt layer near the defect and its replacement with an inconsistent mixture of R-material and binder. Inaccurate estimation of the new binder amount and insufficient manual homogenization with R-material leads to an asphalt mixture lacking binder, which quickly erodes the surface and leads to the reopening and enlargement of the defect. Another drawback is the emission of fumes from the overheated asphalt binder, which are unfavorable from the point of view of the operator's health and the environment in the surrounding areas of the work site.

[0014] Step 6 The ability to heat asphalt mixtures and locally damaged road surfaces with microwaves is shown, for example, in US and Chinese patents, but also in Japanese, German and other patents as described below, and is publicly known from foreign literature and patent sources.

[0015] Several patents describe the use of microwaves in combination with conventional regular gas heating, such as those claimed in US Patents US6,571,648, US4,856,202, US4,252,487, and US4,252,459. Most deal with the design of microwave devices, particularly Chinese Patents CN1011586326, CN2848929, CN2848928, CN2844202, CN101139811, and many others, in terms of preventing microwave leakage, such as CN101441469, CN1011397811, CN2844210, CN10158659, DE10121929, and EP1006758. The group of patents focusing on the recycling of crushed asphalt mixtures is represented by patents CA1,117,339, US4,619,550, CN101586326, CN201180248 and US4,011,023.

[0016] When using microwave heating, the main problem is usually the low absorption rate of microwaves by potholes and the resulting insufficient heating of the potholes. Asphalt has a very low dielectric constant (ε=3-5), which further explains its low microwave absorption capacity and thus limited heating capacity. Both asphalt mixtures for repair and potholes are composed of two components: asphalt and aggregates. Both of these components are most often characterized by low microwave absorption and therefore reduced heating efficiency. Asphalt is mainly formed of a mixture of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, which are non-polar, so it has a low ability to absorb microwaves and its heating is often insufficient. In the patent literature, various additives are added to solve this problem, i.e. additives that have a high microwave absorption capacity, are easily heated by microwaves, and transfer heat to substances that are difficult to heat. These materials are also called susceptors, which are materials that absorb microwave energy in both electric and magnetic fields, or both simultaneously. Materials described as having the above properties include semiconductors, ferromagnetic materials, metal oxides, metal powders, etc., as is evident from the following patents: US Patent US 4,849,020 and Chinese Patent CN 101235208, for example, describe the use of Zn and Fe ferrites, zinc and iron metal powders, chromium, manganese, nickel oxides, silicon carbide, aluminum and titanium oxides, etc. Other additives are described in patents JP 2104804 (coal), US 5,441,360 and US 6,193,793 (anthracite), US 5,092,706 (Fe304), JP 1178603 (fly ash).Many other methods and devices for microwave heating of asphalt are described in the following patents: US 4,594,022, US 4,175,885, US 4,347,016, CA 1117,339, US 5,083,870, US 4,957,434, US 4,276,093, EP 0,440,423, CN 101774786, US 5,352,275, CA 1,117,339, US 4,619,550, US 4,856,202, US 4,252,459, US 5,810,471, US 4,319,856, US 3,870,426, US 4,011,023, CN 102009043603, and others, especially Chinese patents.

[0017] The above additives have a beneficial effect on heating, since they transfer the developed heat to the pothole or asphalt mixture. However, this method is limited to heating of the asphalt mixture, which may have the additives mixed uniformly throughout its volume before microwave heating. In the case of potholes in asphalt layers made from asphalt mixtures without additives, the additives can only be added to the surface of the layer, and such a method cannot be used. In this case, heating becomes problematic, as with conventional gas heating or infrared heating. The surface of the pothole is heated to the required temperature of 150-160 ° C, but with an insufficient depth of about 1-2 cm, which is insufficient from the point of view of the quality of the pothole repair. Another disadvantage of some additives, such as heavy metals and their compounds, is the health hazard, since their use on roads can be released and pollute the environment.

[0018] Although microwave heating methods appear to be more advantageous than conventional heating, there are some problems that hinder their use, such as: non-uniformity of the microwave field and thus non-uniform heating, achieving uniform heating of damaged areas, potholes, joints and cracks to the required depth, composition and age of asphalt potholes which reduces their absorption properties, low absorption of microwaves by potholes, limited heating potential.

[0019] It is known that microwave heating produces local temperature gradients in the irradiated material as a result of the inhomogeneity of the microwave field or of the non-uniform material, which are greater the smaller the absorption capacity of the irradiated material. Given that the composition of the asphalt and its absorption capacity further deteriorate with age, large amounts of active additives, up to 50% by weight, are required for repair. Despite this seemingly advantageous method, it will be understood that the heating of the surface of the pothole is insufficient, since it only reaches the aforementioned 1-2 cm. To heat deeper, high temperatures of more than 170 ° C are required, which disrupts the structure of the asphalt binder.

[0020] The problem of homogenizing surface heating by microwave heating has been addressed, for example, by Chinese patent CN108252189, which applies the movement of several pairs of magnetrons above the heating surface in two axes parallel to the heating surface. The output of this solution can be a homogeneously heated surface, but the proposed method of measuring the heating temperature of the asphalt layer raises doubts about the possibility of regulating the heating process, since the heating temperature is obtained from the temperature of the magnetrons, which must be cooled to prevent their destruction, and which is considered technically impractical.

[0021] The issue of heating depth is addressed in Chinese patent CN107268402, which focuses on a different part of asphalt surface repair. This patent addresses the issue of continuous recycling of weathered asphalt layers, as opposed to repairing individual defects. It is a microwave modification of in-situ recycling technology, where the asphalt surface layer to be repaired is first crushed, the crushed material is infiltrated with new asphalt binder and heated by microwave heating to a depth of 150-200 mm at a frequency of 2.45 GHz using a main heating plate consisting of a matrix of magnetrons terminated in waveguides. At the same time, the surrounding uncrushed layer is heated by two auxiliary heating plates located on either side of the main heating plate, which are equipped with a magnetron array with a frequency of 5.8 GHz and a depth of 70 mm. This supports better bonding of the crushed and reclaimed material with the uncrushed surface on both sides of the crushed strip, but the addition of new asphalt binder is the main factor in the quality of the bond, rather than the heating itself. Questions also remain about the energy consumption of such surface repair and its economic benefits.

[0022] Step 7 The asphalt layer near the defect is preheated by microwave radiation, filled with hot asphalt mixture and compacted or densified, while according to patent CZ 304,810 the area of ​​the defect and its surroundings are covered with a liquid penetrant selected from the group of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and the usual area of ​​the defect and its surroundings is heated by the effect of microwave radiation, for example with the device according to patent CZ 308,031, to a temperature of 100-200 ° C to a depth of 2-10 cm, covered with hot asphalt mixture and compacted or densified. The advantage of this process is the heating of the intact part of the asphalt layer to a temperature of 100-200 ° C, where no thermal degradation of the asphalt binder occurs, but rather only softening. During compaction, the aggregate and binder parts of the hot asphalt mix are mixed in a waterproof manner into the softened part of the asphalt layer and, when both parts harden, they restore the integrity of the repaired asphalt layer without forming joints, thereby preventing the penetration of water into and under the asphalt layer. The main drawback of this process is the use of a penetrating agent based on concentrated acid. When irradiated by microwaves, the concentrated acid is heated to temperatures above 100 °C, oxidizing the binder of the asphalt layer, which loses its plasticity. In the immediate vicinity of the original edge of the repaired defect, aggregate is subsequently detached from the asphalt layer, leading to the loss of the watertightness of the joint and the expansion of the area of ​​the original defect. Another drawback is the objective danger to the health of the operator, due to the corrosive nature of the concentrated acid. Splashes can cause serious damage to the skin and eyes, and if unintentionally ingested, can cause serious damage to the oral cavity and digestive tract.

[0023] The above methods of repairing asphalt surfaces are subject to deficiencies in the equipment used to carry them out. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0024] The above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art are largely eliminated by a method for repairing an asphalt surface and an apparatus for carrying out the method, the essence of which is to divide the periphery of the defect in the asphalt layer into at least two zones before heating, and to heat them separately by the effect of microwave radiation; in a first heating zone defined by the edge of the defect and its periphery, the first heating zone is defined at a distance of at least 10 mm on both sides from the edge of the defect, and the asphalt layer is heated to a temperature between 70°C and 195°C (the specific temperature is selected according to the composition of the specific type of asphalt mixture of the asphalt layer to be repaired); in a second heating zone adjacent to the first heating zone and at least 10 mm wide, the asphalt layer is heated to a temperature between 30°C and 110°C, the temperature of the first heating zone is always at least 20°C higher than that of the second heating zone; after the primary and secondary zones are heated to the required temperature, the damaged area is filled with the heated asphalt mixture, and the asphalt mixture is compressed to the same level as the original surface.

[0025] The apparatus for carrying out the method includes an application unit including a microwave generator and its waveguide, further including a source and a control system, the microwave generator being coupled to the control unit, and at least two waveguides terminated by an output chamber and coupled to the microwave generator being divided into at least two independent heating segments for controlled heating of specific areas around the defects in the asphalt layer. At the underside of the outlet of each waveguide in the output chamber there is a sensor connected to the control unit for measuring the temperature of the heating surface. Furthermore, between the casing of the application unit and the frame of the application unit there is a drive segment connected to the control unit for controlling the movement of the application unit on the heating surface. The microwave oven for heating the asphalt filling mixture is preferably integrated in a separate part of the apparatus from the application unit, the separate part including the internal combustion engine, the generator, the drive shaft and the steering shaft. The casing of the application unit can be equipped with at least one detection camera on its underside.

[0026] The edges of the defect in the asphalt layer and its vicinity (primary zone) are heated by microwave radiation to a temperature between 70°C and 195°C, and the asphalt layer in the secondary heating zone adjacent to the primary heating zone is heated to a temperature between 30°C and 110°C, the temperature of the primary heating zone always being at least 20°C higher than that of the secondary heating zone, and after the primary and secondary zones have been heated to the desired temperatures, the damaged area is filled with the same type of hot asphalt mix used to build the damaged asphalt layer and compacted to the same level as the original surface. The microwave radiation is applied by individual heating segments, the power and operating time of which are independently and separately controlled for each heating segment by a control unit.

[0027] By dividing the surface of the defective and damaged asphalt layer into a primary and secondary heating zone and controlling heating them to different temperatures, the need for microwave radiating susceptors is eliminated and microwave energy is applied only to those areas which need to be heated for technical reasons, leaving the remaining surface unaffected by microwave radiation, thus reducing energy consumption for heating.

[0028] The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an application unit. [Diagram 2] FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the entire device including the drive and service unit. [Figure 4] 1 shows the zone markings on the underside of the application unit. [Diagram 5] 1 depicts a road surface with a crack-like defect showing a top view of the heating zone. [Figure 6] 1 depicts a road surface with a crack-like defect showing a cross section of a heated zone. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 represents a road surface with a major pothole defect showing a top view of the heating zone. [Figure 8]1 represents a road surface with a major pothole defect showing a cross section of the heated zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0030] Equipment for repairing asphalt (bitumen) surfaces is a generator 11 , internal combustion engine 12 , main control device 13 , microwave ovens for heating asphalt mixtures 14 , cooling device 15 , drive shaft 16 , steering shaft 17 , a handle for controlling the steering shaft 18 and a control display having a control unit. 19 These are composed of a drive unit having a lifting mechanism 10 Through the application unit 22 a control unit 1 , microwave generator 3 Power source or power source 2 , microwave generator 3 , waveguide 4 , output chamber 5 , application unit 22 Frame 6 , driving segment 7 , application unit 22 Casing 8 , temperature measurement sensor 9 , detection camera 20 are placed.

[0031] A generator that generates three-phase voltage of 230V / 50Hz 11 But diesel engine 12 This voltage is passed through a switchboard and fuse box to a microwave generator consisting of a high-voltage transformer that generates a voltage of 4000V / 5kHz. 3 Power supply 2 This voltage is supplied to the microwave generator 3 It supplies 1kW of power to the 2 The activation and regulation of its power are performed by the temperature measuring sensor9 Data from and operator controlled display 19 according to the information entered into the control unit 1 Controlled by the control display 19 In the detection camera 20 Image from the primary heating zone on 25 The primary heating zone 25 Based on the definition of the control unit 1 is the secondary heating zone 26 is automatically determined.

[0032] Microwave Generator 3 is an aluminum waveguide 4 It is attached to the waveguide. 4 They form a rectangular matrix (Figure 2) with a stainless steel grid at the bottom, each segment of which corresponds to one output chamber. 5 Forms an output chamber. 5 A stainless steel tube is inserted into the chamber to ensure microwave attenuation, and at its upper end is a pyrometer - a temperature measurement sensor. 9 A temperature measurement sensor is provided. 9 The signal from the control unit 1 are supplied to.

[0033] waveguide 4 The matrix of the applied units 22 Frame 6 The frame is fixed from all sides. 6 and casing 8 Between them is a driving segment made of a rubber airbag. 7 will be placed.

[0034] These rubber bags are connected to a pressurized air distribution system with electronically controlled air valves that act to open the waveguide when heated. 4 a control unit to move the entire matrix of the asphalt layer in the transverse and longitudinal directions, thereby homogenizing the heating of the asphalt layer. 1The compressed air is generated by a reciprocating compressor and stored in an air tank - both of which are controlled by an internal combustion engine. 12 are located at.

[0035] Detection Camera 20 Casing 8 The detection camera is placed on top 20 The control unit receives images of the road surface. 1 and transmit it to the control unit 1 Control it with the display 19 The operator guides the machine to the defect and then the primary heating zone 25 This makes it possible to specify

[0036] Power supplies are cooled by air blown into the box by a fan 2 The box is equipped with a waveguide 4 is placed above.

[0037] Casing 8 The lift mechanism is made of steel. 10 and is raised and lowered by an electrically driven screw lifting mechanism.

[0038] Microwave oven for heating asphalt mixture 14 is a waveguide 4 The device consists of a stainless steel chamber into which a microwave generator is inserted. 3 Microwave generator 3 is the application unit 22 Similarly, a power supply consisting of a high-voltage transformer that generates a voltage of 4000V / 5kHz 2 This power source 2 is connected to the generator via a switchboard and fuse box. 11 The asphalt mix is ​​heated by a 230V / 50Hz voltage from a microwave oven. 14 The has a stainless steel door with built-in microwave shielding.

[0039] The chassis of this device includes a drive shaft16 At the front of the chassis, there is a non-driven steering axle. 17 The steering wheel is provided to form a steering shaft. 17 is the control handle 18 The control handle 18 is fixedly attached to the drive shaft. 16 The direction of travel of the device is controlled by a control handle. 18 It is mechanically controlled by turning the control handle at the front of the machine. 18 Above the display is a control panel with controls. 19 A control unit having 1 The operator can 19 and control unit 1 is used to send instructions to the device and obtain information about the device's status.

[0040] When the device is operated, the edge of the asphalt layer defect and its vicinity are heated by microwave radiation to a temperature between 70°C and 195°C in the primary heating zone. 25 and the secondary heating zone 26 Forming a secondary heating zone 26 is the primary heating zone 25 and is heated to a temperature of 30°C to 110°C, where 25 The temperature of the secondary heating zone 26 Always at least 20°C higher than the temperature in the primary zone. 25 and secondary zone 26 After the asphalt layer is heated to the desired temperature, the damaged area is filled with the same type of hot asphalt mix used to build the damaged asphalt layer and compacted to the same level as the original surface. The microwave radiation is applied by separate heating segments, whose power and operating time are controlled by the control unit. 1 is controlled independently and separately for each heating segment.

[0041] The damaged asphalt layer surface having defects is heated in the primary heating zone 25 and the secondary heating zone 26and controlled heating of them to different temperatures eliminates the need for microwave radiating susceptors and also reduces energy consumption for heating by applying microwave energy only to those areas which for technical reasons need to be heated, leaving the remaining surface unaffected by microwave radiation.

[0042] Example 1 - Pothole According to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the method of repairing potholes on an asphalt surface by the device is as follows: the device operator 11 The internal combustion engine that drives 12 This is done by starting the steering axle. 16 , Microwave Oven 14 , application unit 22 , and a device control unit 1 The operator supplies electrical energy to the application unit. 22 The operator then lifts the equipment into the transport position and moves it from the transport vehicle (van or tow truck) onto the road. 24 Move the camera to the 20 Images are sent from the control display 19 Defects to be repaired using the equipment 24 The operator guides the application unit 22 The operator lowers the asphalt mix in the paper bag to the working position, i.e., places it on the road surface so as to cover the defective part to be repaired. The operator places the solidified asphalt mix of a predetermined quality in the paper bag in the microwave oven installed on the device. 14 Put it in the control unit 1 Based on the weight information of the mixture and the inlet temperature, the oven is set up so that the mixture in the bag is heated homogeneously to a temperature of 135°C in the shortest possible time. 14 Evaluate the heating time and heating method of the control unit 1 is the power supply 2 Start the oven. 14 Microwave generator in 3 The operator can then use the control display to trigger the generation of microwaves. 19 Use the primary heating zone 25 Mark the control unit1 is the marked primary zone 25 Secondary heating zone around 26 The primary zone 25 and secondary zone 26 If forms a closed curve, the quadratic zone 26 If the operator is not aware of the control unit, 1 Primary heating zone 25 and secondary heating zone 26 When you command the start of heating, the control unit 1 Is the power supply 2 Start the microwave generator 3 Power is supplied to the device and microwaves begin to be generated. 4 , output chamber 5 through the output chamber 5 The asphalt layer below the heating zone is heated by the action of the asphalt layer. 25 , 26 Heating segment located above 21 Microwave heating is realized by the control unit. 1 is a temperature sensor 9 Based on the asphalt layer temperature information from 21 and simultaneously adjust the microwave heating power of the microwave oven based on the information on the weight of the mixture and the inlet temperature. 14 Adjust the microwave power in the primary zone 25 is The secondary zone reaches a temperature of 70°C. 26 reaches a temperature of 50 ° C, and the mixture in the microwave oven reaches a temperature of 135 ° C in the shortest time. During the heating of the asphalt layer, the device control unit 1 The driving segments are arranged to achieve homogeneous heating of the asphalt layer throughout the entire volume to the desired temperature. 7 By applying unit 22 The whole is moved vertically and horizontally. Device control unit 1 is the temperature of all the temperatures during the heating process, i.e. the temperature of the mixture in the oven, the primary zone 25 and secondary zone 26The temperature of the heating unit is evaluated and heating is stopped when the target temperature is reached. 22 to the transport position, and 24 The defect is removed so that there is enough space to inject the asphalt mix at the location and compact the added asphalt mix. 24 The operator should use the spray gun to spray into the primary zone. 25 and defects 24 The operator applies a joint spray to the bottom of the asphalt mix bag. The operator places the paper bag containing the heated asphalt mix in the microwave oven. 14 Remove from the defect 24 The operator compacts or compresses the added asphalt mix. During compaction, the primary zone 25 The original asphalt mix in the patch is blended with the newly added mix so that no transitions or joints are visible, thus the repaired surface retains the characteristics of the original surface.

[0043] Example 2 - Pothole According to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the method of repairing potholes on an asphalt surface by the device is as follows: the device operator 11 The internal combustion engine that drives 12 This is done by starting the drive shaft 16 , Microwave Oven 14 , microwave application unit 22 , and device control unit 1. The operator supplies electrical energy to the application unit 22 The operator then lifts the equipment into the transport position and moves it from the transport vehicle (van or tow truck) onto the road. 24 Move the camera to the 20 The display to which the image is sent 19 Defects that should be repaired by 24 The operator guides the application unit 22The operator lowers the bag into the working position, i.e., places it on the road surface so as to cover the defective portion to be repaired. The operator places the hardened asphalt mixture of a given quality in the paper bag into the microwave oven installed on the device. 14 Put it in the control unit 1 Based on the weight information of the mixture and the inlet temperature, the control unit evaluates the heating time and heating method of the oven so that the mixture in the bag is heated homogeneously to a temperature of 135°C in the shortest time. 1 The oven 14 The operator operates the magnetron in the control display. 19 Use the primary heating zone 25 Mark the device control unit 1 is the marked primary zone 25 Secondary heating zone around 26 The primary zone 25 and the secondary zone 26 If forms a closed curve, the quadratic zone 26 There may be spaces within the control unit that are not actively heated. 1 Primary heating zone 25 and secondary heating zone 26 When you command the start of heating, the control unit 1 Is the power supply 2 Start the microwave generator 3 Power is supplied to the device and microwaves begin to be generated. 4 , output chamber 5 through the output chamber 5 The asphalt layer below is heated by the action of the asphalt. 25 , 26 Heating segment located above 21 Microwave heating is realized by the control unit. 1 is a temperature sensor 9 Based on the asphalt layer temperature information from the, the primary zone reaches a temperature of 145°C, the secondary zone reaches a temperature of 80°C, and based on the weight of the mixture and the inlet temperature information, each heating segment is adjusted so that the mixture in the microwave oven reaches a temperature of 135°C in the shortest time. 21Adjust the microwave heating power of the microwave oven. 14 During heating of the asphalt layer, the power of the device control unit 1 The driving segments are arranged to achieve homogeneous heating of the asphalt layer throughout the entire volume to the desired temperature. 7 By applying unit 22 The whole is moved vertically and horizontally. Device control unit 1 is the temperature of all the temperatures during the heating process, i.e. the temperature of the mixture in the oven, the primary zone 25 and secondary zone 26 The temperature of the heating unit is evaluated and heating is stopped when the target temperature is reached. 22 to the transport position, and 24 The defect is removed so that there is enough space to inject the asphalt mix at the location and compact the added asphalt mix. 24 The operator should use the spray gun to spray into the primary zone. 25 and defects 24 The operator applies a joint spray to the bottom of the asphalt mix. The operator removes the paper bag containing the heated asphalt mix from the microwave oven and 24 The operator compacts or compresses the added asphalt mix. During compaction, the primary zone 25 The original asphalt mix in the patch is blended with the newly added mix so that no transitions or joints are visible, thus the repaired surface retains the characteristics of the original surface.

[0044] Example 3 - Crack According to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the method of repairing cracks on an asphalt surface by the device is as follows: 11 The internal combustion engine that drives 12 This is done by starting the drive shaft 16 , Microwave Oven 14 , microwave application unit 22 , and a device control unit 1 The operator supplies electrical energy to the application unit.22 The operator then lifts the equipment into the transport position and moves it from the transport vehicle (van or tow truck) onto the road. 24 Move the camera to the 20 The display to which the image is sent 19 Defects that should be repaired by 24 The operator guides the application unit 22 The operator lowers the paper bag into the working position, i.e., places it on the road surface so as to cover the defective portion to be repaired. The operator places the hardened asphalt mixture of a predetermined quality in the paper bag into the microwave oven located on the device. 14 Put it in the control unit 1 Based on the weight information of the mixture and the inlet temperature, the control unit evaluates the heating time and heating method of the oven so that the mixture in the bag is heated homogeneously to a temperature of 170°C in the shortest time. 1 The oven 14 The operator operates the magnetron in the control display. 19 Use the primary heating zone 25 Mark. Device Control Unit 1 is the marked primary zone 25 Secondary heating zone around 26 The primary zone 25 If the form of a straight line, the secondary zone 26 is The operator controls the control unit 1 to select the primary heating zone. 25 and secondary heating zone 26 When you command the start of heating, the control unit 1 Is the power supply 2 Activate the microwave generator 3 Power is supplied to the device and microwaves begin to be generated. 4 , output chamber 5 through the output chamber 5 The asphalt layer below the heating zone is heated by the action of the asphalt layer. 25 , 26 Heating segment located above 21 Microwave heating is realized by the control unit. 1is a temperature sensor 9 Based on the asphalt layer temperature information from the primary zone 25 reaches a temperature of 195°C, the secondary zone 26 Based on the weight of the mixture and the inlet temperature information, each heating segment is adjusted so that the mixture in the microwave oven reaches a temperature of 110°C in the shortest time and the mixture in the microwave oven reaches a temperature of 170°C in the shortest time. 21 Adjust the microwave heating power of the microwave oven. 14 During heating of the asphalt layer, the power of the device control unit 1 The driving segments are arranged to achieve homogeneous heating of the asphalt layer throughout the entire volume to the desired temperature. 7 By applying unit 22 The whole is moved vertically and horizontally. Device control unit 1 is the temperature of all the temperatures during the heating process, i.e. the temperature of the mixture in the oven, the primary zone 25 and secondary zone 26 The temperature of the heating unit is evaluated and heating is stopped when the target temperature is reached. 22 to the transport position, and 24 The defect is removed so that there is enough space to inject the asphalt mix at the location and compact the added asphalt mix. 24 The operator should use the spray gun to spray into the primary zone. 25 and defects 24 The operator applies a joint spray to the bottom of the asphalt mix bag. The operator places the paper bag containing the heated asphalt mix in the microwave oven. 14 Remove from the defect 24 The operator compacts or compresses the added asphalt mix. During compaction, the primary zone 25 The original asphalt mix is ​​blended with the newly added mix so that no transitions or joints are visible, thus the repaired road surface retains the characteristics of the original road surface.

[0045] Example 4 - Crack According to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the method of repairing cracks on an asphalt surface by the device is as follows: 11 The internal combustion engine that drives 12 This is done by starting the drive shaft 16 , Microwave Oven 14 , microwave application unit 22 , and a device control unit 1 The operator supplies electrical energy to the application unit. 22 The operator then lifts the equipment into the transport position and moves it from the transport vehicle (van or tow truck) onto the road. 24 Move the camera to the 20 The display to which the image is sent 19 Defects that should be repaired by 24 The operator guides the application unit 22 The operator lowers the paper bag into the working position, i.e., places it on the road surface so as to cover the defective portion to be repaired. The operator places the hardened asphalt mixture of a predetermined quality in the paper bag into the microwave oven located on the device. 14 Put it in the control unit 1 Based on the weight information of the mixture and the inlet temperature, the control unit evaluates the heating time and heating method of the oven so that the mixture in the bag is heated homogeneously to a temperature of 145°C in the shortest time. 1 The oven 14 The operator operates the magnetron in the control display. 19 Use the primary heating zone 25 Mark the device control unit 1 is the marked primary zone 25 Secondary heating zone around 26 The primary zone 25 If the form of a straight line, the secondary zone 26 is formed only outside this straight line. To Primary Heating Zone 25 and secondary heating zone 26 When you command the start of heating, the control unit teeth power supply 2 Activate the microwave generator3 Power is supplied to the device and microwaves begin to be generated. 4 , output chamber 5 through the output chamber 5 The asphalt layer below the heating zone is heated by the action of the asphalt layer. 25 , 26 Heating segment located above 21 Microwave heating is realized by the control unit. 1 is a temperature sensor 9 Based on the asphalt layer temperature information from the primary zone 25 reaches a temperature of 80°C, the secondary zone 26 Based on the weight of the mixture and the inlet temperature information, each heating segment is scheduled so that the mixture in the microwave oven reaches a temperature of 30°C in the shortest time and the mixture in the microwave oven reaches a temperature of 145°C in the shortest time. 21 Adjust the microwave heating power of the microwave oven. 14 During heating of the asphalt layer, the power of the device control unit 1 The driving segments are arranged to achieve homogeneous heating of the asphalt layer throughout the entire volume to the desired temperature. 7 By applying unit 22 The whole is moved vertically and horizontally. Device control unit 1 is the temperature of all the temperatures during the heating process, i.e. the temperature of the mixture in the oven, the primary zone 25 and secondary zone 26 The temperature of the heating unit is evaluated and heating is stopped when the target temperature is reached. 22 to the transport position, and 24 The defect is removed so that there is enough space to inject the asphalt mix at the location and compact the added asphalt mix. 24 The operator should use the spray gun to spray into the primary zone. 25 and defects 24 The operator applies a joint spray to the bottom of the asphalt mix. The operator removes the paper bag containing the heated asphalt mix from the microwave oven and 24The operator compacts or compresses the added asphalt mix. During compaction, the primary zone 25 The original asphalt mix is ​​blended with the newly added mix so that no transitions or joints are visible, thus the repaired road surface retains the characteristics of the original road surface. [Industrial Applicability]

[0046] The repair method and the device according to the invention can be used for the periodic repair of asphalt surfaces, in particular for the operational repair of small potholes and cracks across seasons, i.e. in transport infrastructure, in particular in the context of road repair, but also in other areas where asphalt surfaces under stress are used. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. (Embodiment 1) A method for repairing an asphalt surface using microwave heating, dividing the area around the defect (24) in the asphalt layer into at least two zones having separate heating by microwave radiation prior to heating; heating the asphalt layer to a temperature between 70°C and 195°C in a primary heating zone (25) defined by the edge (23) of the defect and its periphery and bounded by a distance of at least 10 mm on either side of the edge (23) of the defect; In a secondary heating zone (26) adjacent to the primary heating zone (25) and having a width of at least 10 mm, the asphalt layer is heated to 30°C to 110°C, and the temperature of the primary heating zone (25) is always at least 20°C higher than the temperature of the secondary heating zone (26); after heating of the primary heating zone (25) and the secondary heating zone (26) to the desired temperature, filling the damaged area with the heated asphalt mix and compacting the asphalt mix to the same level as the original surface. (Embodiment 2) An apparatus for repairing an asphalt surface, comprising an application unit comprising a microwave generator and its waveguide, further comprising a source and a control system, The microwave generator (3) is coupled to a control unit (1); 1. An apparatus for repairing asphalt surfaces, characterized in that at least two waveguides (4) terminated by an output chamber (5) and coupled to said microwave generator (3) are divided into at least two independent heating segments (21) for controlled heating of a specific area around a defect (24) in the asphalt layer. (Embodiment 3) An apparatus for repairing asphalt surfaces as described in embodiment 2, characterized in that a sensor (9) for measuring the temperature of the heated surface is provided below the outlet to the output chamber (5) of each of the waveguides (4), connected to the control unit (1). (Embodiment 4) The device for repairing asphalt surfaces according to embodiment 2 or 3, further characterized in that a drive segment (7) is provided between the casing (8) of the application unit (22) and the frame (6) of the application unit (22), the drive segment (7) being connected to the control unit (1) for controlling the movement of the application unit (22) above the heated surface. (Embodiment 5) An apparatus for repairing an asphalt surface as described in any one of embodiments 2 to 4, further comprising a microwave oven (14) for heating the asphalt filling mixture, the microwave oven (14) being preferably incorporated in a part of the apparatus separate from the application unit (22), the part further comprising an internal combustion engine (12), a generator (11), a drive shaft (16), and a steering shaft (17). (Embodiment 6) The device for repairing an asphalt surface according to any one of embodiments 2 to 5, wherein the casing (8) of the application unit (22) has at least one detection camera (20) on its bottom surface. [Explanation of symbols]

[0047] 1- Control Unit 2-Power supply for microwave generator 3-Microwave Generator 4-Waveguide 5-Output chamber 6-Applying unit frame 7- Driving segment 8-Applying unit casing 9-Temperature measurement sensor 10-Lifting mechanism 11-Generator 12-Internal combustion engine 13-Main control unit 14- Microwave oven for heating asphalt mixtures 15-Cooling device 16-Drive shaft 17-Steering shaft 18-Steering shaft control handle 19-Control displays and controls 20-Detection Camera 21-Heated segment 22-Applying unit 23-Edge of defect to be repaired 24-Defect 25-Primary Heating Zone 26-Secondary Heating Zone

Claims

1. A method for repairing an asphalt surface using microwave heating, comprising: dividing the area around the defect (24) in the asphalt layer into at least two zones with separate heating by microwave radiation prior to heating; heating the asphalt layer to a temperature of between 70°C and 195°C in a primary heating zone (25) defined by the edge (23) of the defect and its periphery and bounded by a distance of at least 10 mm on each side from the edge (23) of the defect; In a secondary heating zone (26) adjacent to the primary heating zone (25) and having a width of at least 10 mm, the asphalt layer is heated to between 30°C and 110°C, the temperature of the primary heating zone (25) always being at least 20°C higher than the temperature of the secondary heating zone (26); After heating of the primary heating zone (25) and the secondary heating zone (26) to the desired temperature, the damaged area is filled with the same type of hot asphalt mix used to build the damaged asphalt layer and the hot asphalt mix is ​​compacted to the same level as the original surface.

2. An apparatus for renovating an asphalt surface, comprising an application unit comprising a microwave generator and its waveguide, further comprising a source and a control system, The microwave generator (3) is coupled to a control unit (1), At least two waveguides (4), each terminated by an output chamber (5) and each coupled to the microwave generator (3), constitute at least two independent heating segments (21) for controlled heating of a specific area around a defect (24) in the asphalt layer; 1. An apparatus for repairing asphalt surfaces, characterized in that at the outlet side of each of the waveguides (4) and at the upper end of the output chamber (5), a sensor (9) for measuring the temperature of the heated surface is provided, connected to the control unit (1).

3. The waveguide of the application unit (22) is fixed from the periphery of a frame (6), and a casing (8) surrounding the periphery of the frame (6), 3. The device for repairing asphalt surfaces according to claim 2, further characterized in that between a casing (8) of the application unit (22) and a frame (6) of the application unit (22) there is provided a drive segment (7) connected to the control unit (1) for controlling the movement of the application unit (22) above the heated surface.

4. 4. The apparatus for repairing asphalt surfaces according to claim 2, further comprising a microwave oven (14) for heating the asphalt filling mixture, the microwave oven (14) being integrated in a separate part of the apparatus from the application unit (22), the separate part further comprising an internal combustion engine (12), a generator (11), a drive shaft (16) and a steering shaft (17).

5. 5. The device for repairing asphalt surfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that the casing (8) of the application unit (22) has at least one detection camera (20) on its bottom side.

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