Periodic multidimensional atomic object confinement device with curved legs

Abstract

To provide an atomic object confinement apparatus, a quantum computer, and a multidimensional atomic object confinement apparatus.SOLUTION: There are provided an atomic object confinement apparatus comprising periodic or quasi-periodic arrays of legs including curved legs, and a system comprising such an atomic object confinement apparatus. The atomic object confinement apparatus comprises a plurality of legs. Each of the legs defines a one-dimensional trap segment. The atomic object confinement apparatus comprises a plurality of junctions. Each of the junctions connects at least two legs of the plurality of legs. The plurality of legs and the plurality of junctions are arranged in the periodic or quasi-periodic array of the connected one-dimensional trap segment. The periodic or quasi-periodic array comprises one or more of the smallest array elements. Each of these one or more of the smallest array elements comprises at least one curved leg.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 63 / 235,007, filed August 19, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] Various embodiments relate to systems including multidimensional atomic object confinement devices with curved legs and multidimensional ion trap devices with curved legs, for example, various embodiments relate to multidimensional atomic object confinement devices with periodic and / or quasi-periodic arrays of legs, including curved legs, connected by junctions. [Background technology]

[0003] An ion trap can trap multiple ions in a potential well using a combination of electric and magnetic fields. Ions can be trapped for many purposes, including, for example, mass analysis, research, and / or control of the quantum state of the trapped ions. In various scenarios, a multidimensional (e.g., two-dimensional) ion trap can be used to trap multiple ions. Typically, a multidimensional ion trap comprises multiple one-dimensional trapping segments connected to each other via one or more junctions. Thus, through effort, ingenuity, and innovation, many deficiencies of such conventional ion traps, and systems incorporating such ion traps, have been overcome by developing solutions structured according to embodiments of the present invention, many examples of which are described in detail herein. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Exemplary embodiments provide a multidimensional atomic object confinement device formed from a periodic or quasi-periodic array of one-dimensional confinement segments connected via junctions, and / or a system comprising the multidimensional atomic object confinement device. In various embodiments, the periodic or quasi-periodic array comprises curved one-dimensional confinement segments, referred to herein as legs. For example, the curved legs can take the form of sine or cosine functions, odd or even functions, and / or any other curved one-dimensional segments. In various embodiments, the atomic object confinement device is an ion trap or other confinement device configured to confine multiple atomic objects. In various embodiments, the atomic objects are ions, atoms, poly-ionic or poly-atomic groups or crystals, neutral or ionic molecules, and / or the like. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to a first aspect, the atomic object confinement device comprises a plurality of legs, each of the plurality of legs defining a one-dimensional trapping segment, and the atomic object confinement device comprises a plurality of junctions, each of the plurality of junctions connecting at least two of the plurality of legs. The plurality of legs and the plurality of junctions are arranged in a periodic or quasi-periodic array of connected one-dimensional trapping segments. The periodic or quasi-periodic array comprises one or more smallest array elements. Each smallest array element of the one or more smallest array elements comprises at least one curved leg.

[0006] In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one curved leg has a first end disposed at the first junction and a second end disposed at the second junction, and a length of the at least one curved leg is greater than a straight-line distance between the first junction and the second junction.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, each leg of the plurality of legs is a curved leg.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, the array is configured such that a line drawn in tangent contact to a leg at a first point among the plurality of legs is in tangent contact to additional legs in the periodicity of the array or a division of the periodicity of the array among the plurality of legs, and either (a) intersects at discrete points or (b) does not intersect the remaining legs of the plurality of legs.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the array is configured such that a line is drawn that is perpendicular to one of the legs and perpendicular to an additional leg in the periodicity of the array or a division of the periodicity of the array.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the array is configured such that a straight line is drawn in tangent contact with a group of legs in the array periodicity or a division of the array periodicity, the group of legs forming a row or column, and the straight line does not intersect any of the legs of the group of legs at any other point along the leg.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the array is configured such that a line drawn in tangent contact to a leg of the plurality of legs is not in tangent contact to any other leg of the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from that leg.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the array is configured such that a line drawn perpendicular to a leg at any point in the plurality of legs is not (a) in tangent contact with any other leg in the plurality of legs, and (b) is not perpendicular to any point on another leg in the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from the leg.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, each smallest array element of the one or more smallest array elements comprises at least one straight leg.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the array includes a first line drawn in tangent contact to a leg of the plurality of legs at a first point, the first line being in tangent contact to a first set of additional legs of the plurality of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity and either (a) intersecting at a discrete point or (b) not intersecting the remaining legs of the plurality of legs; (ii) a second line drawn perpendicular to the leg and also perpendicular to a second set of additional legs of the plurality of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity; and (iii) a third line drawn in tangent contact to a group of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity. , the groups of legs form rows or columns, and the third line does not intersect any leg of the group of legs at any other point along the leg; (iv) a fourth line drawn in tangent contact to the leg is not in tangent contact with any other leg of the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from the leg; or (v) a fifth line drawn perpendicular to the leg at any point is (a) not in tangent contact with any other leg of the plurality of legs, and (b) not perpendicular to a point on another leg of the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from the leg.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the array includes a first line drawn in tangent contact to a leg of the plurality of legs at a first point, the first line being in tangent contact to a first set of additional legs of the plurality of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity and either (a) intersecting at a discrete point or (b) not intersecting the remaining legs of the plurality of legs; (ii) a second line drawn perpendicular to the leg and also perpendicular to a second set of additional legs of the plurality of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity; and (iii) a third line drawn in tangent contact to a group of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity. , the groups of legs form rows or columns, and the third line does not intersect any leg of the group of legs at any other point along the leg; (iv) a fourth line drawn in tangent contact to the leg is not in tangent contact with any other leg of the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from the leg; or (v) a fifth line drawn perpendicular to the leg at any point is (a) not in tangent contact with any other leg of the plurality of legs, and (b) not perpendicular to a point on another leg of the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from the leg.

[0016] According to another aspect, a quantum computer is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum computer comprises a controller and an atomic object confinement device. The controller is configured to apply one or more voltage signals to respective electrodes of the atomic object confinement device. The atomic object confinement device comprises a plurality of legs, each of the plurality of legs defining a one-dimensional trapping segment, and the atomic object confinement device comprises a plurality of junctions, each of the plurality of junctions connecting at least two of the plurality of legs. The plurality of legs and the plurality of junctions are arranged in a periodic or quasi-periodic array of connected one-dimensional trapping segments. The periodic or quasi-periodic array comprises one or more smallest array elements. Each of the one or more smallest array elements comprises at least one curved leg.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller is configured to perform (nearly and / or approximately) parallel operations on atomic objects confined by the atomic object confinement device.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the (generally and / or approximately) parallel operations include a first operation performed in a first smallest array element of the one or more smallest array elements and a second operation performed in a second smallest array element of the one or more smallest array elements, where the first operation and the second operation are performed by one or more manipulation signals propagating along the same beam path.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum computer further comprises one or more manipulation sources configured to be controlled by the controller to generate one or more manipulation signals.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one curved leg has a first end disposed at the first junction and a second end disposed at the second junction, and a length of the at least one curved leg is greater than a straight-line distance between the first junction and the second junction.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, each leg of the plurality of legs is a curved leg.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, each smallest array element of the one or more smallest array elements comprises at least one straight leg.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the array includes a first line drawn in tangent contact to a leg of the plurality of legs at a first point, the first line being in tangent contact to a first set of additional legs of the plurality of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity and either (a) intersecting at a discrete point or (b) not intersecting the remaining legs of the plurality of legs; (ii) a second line drawn perpendicular to the leg and also perpendicular to a second set of additional legs of the plurality of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity; and (iii) a third line drawn in tangent contact to a group of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity. , the groups of legs form rows or columns, and the third line does not intersect any leg of the group of legs at any other point along the leg; (iv) a fourth line drawn in tangent contact to the leg is not in tangent contact with any other leg of the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from the leg; or (v) a fifth line drawn perpendicular to the leg at any point is (a) not in tangent contact with any other leg of the plurality of legs, and (b) not perpendicular to a point on another leg of the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from the leg.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the array includes a first line drawn in tangent contact to a leg of the plurality of legs at a first point, the first line being in tangent contact to a first set of additional legs of the plurality of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity and either (a) intersecting at a discrete point or (b) not intersecting the remaining legs of the plurality of legs; (ii) a second line drawn perpendicular to the leg and also perpendicular to a second set of additional legs of the plurality of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity; and (iii) a third line drawn in tangent contact to a group of legs in the array periodicity or subdivision of the array periodicity. , the groups of legs form rows or columns, and the third line does not intersect any leg of the group of legs at any other point along the leg; (iv) a fourth line drawn in tangent contact to the leg is not in tangent contact with any other leg of the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from the leg; or (v) a fifth line drawn perpendicular to the leg at any point is (a) not in tangent contact with any other leg of the plurality of legs, and (b) not perpendicular to a point on another leg of the plurality of legs within a given number of periods of the array from the leg.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, the quantum computer further comprises at least one voltage source, the at least one voltage source configured to be controlled by the controller to generate the one or more voltage signals.

[0026] According to yet another aspect, a multi-dimensional atomic object confinement device is provided that comprises a plurality of legs arranged in a multi-dimensional periodic array, the plurality of legs comprising curved legs each arranged according to a periodicity of the periodic array.

[0027] Having broadly described the present invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary array layout of an atomic object confinement apparatus in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 illustrates a number of periodic and quasi-periodic array layouts, according to various exemplary embodiments. [Figure 3A] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example layout of an atomic object confinement apparatus and several example beam paths of a quantum processor in accordance with an example embodiment; [Figure 3B] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional straight leg atomic object confinement device. [Figure 4] 1 is a simplified illustration of a portion of an atomic object confinement apparatus in accordance with an example embodiment; [Diagram 5] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example quantum computing system comprising a multidimensional atomic object confinement device and configured to transport a multi-atomic object crystal through at least one junction of the multidimensional atomic object confinement device, according to various embodiments. [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic diagram of an example controller of a quantum computer configured to perform one or more deterministic reshaping and / or reordering functions, in accordance with various embodiments. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram of an example computational entity of a quantum computer system that can be used in accordance with example embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0029] The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all, embodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legitimate requirements. The term "or" (also represented by " / ") is used herein in both the alternative and conjunctive sense unless otherwise indicated. The terms "exemplary" and "exemplary" are used to be illustrative without an indication of a quality level. The terms "generally" and "approximately" mean within engineering and / or manufacturing limits and / or within the user's measurement capabilities, unless otherwise indicated. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

[0030] In various embodiments, a multidimensional atomic object confinement device is provided. The multidimensional atomic object confinement device comprises a plurality of legs. Each leg of the plurality of legs is a one-dimensional confinement segment configured to trap an atomic object in a substantially one-dimensional trapping region. The multidimensional atomic object confinement device comprises a periodic or quasi-periodic array formed by the plurality of legs connected via junctions. The plurality of legs comprises curved legs. For example, the curved legs can take the form of a sine or cosine function, an odd or even function, and / or any other curved one-dimensional segment. In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of legs further comprises one or more non-curved or straight legs rather than curved legs. In an exemplary embodiment, each leg of the plurality of legs is a curved leg. For example, in various embodiments, the periodic or quasi-periodic array is formed from one or more smallest array elements, each smallest array element comprising at least one curved leg.

[0031] Various embodiments provide a system with a multidimensional atomic object confinement device. For example, various embodiments provide a quantum processor or quantum computer with a multidimensional atomic object confinement device with a periodic or quasiperiodic array of legs connected by junctions, at least some of the legs being curved. In such embodiments, the qubits (e.g., qubits) of the quantum processor or quantum computer are atomic objects confined within the multidimensional atomic object confinement device. The atomic objects are, in various embodiments, ions, atoms, ion groups or crystals, and / or the like. In various embodiments, a periodic array of legs with the same geometry is useful to allow a shared set of trapping and / or transport (TT) electrode manipulation signals to be shared among TT electrodes of similar types across the legs, thereby reducing the total number of signals and the complexity of the control. Furthermore, in various embodiments, the legs of the multi-atomic object confinement device are curved to allow the system to perform parallel processing. For example, the system may be a quantum processor configured to perform parallel operations to reduce the execution time of the quantum circuit, thereby enabling quantum circuits to be realized that are deeper within the coherence time of the qubits (e.g., quantum bits) of the quantum processor.

[0032] Large-scale quantum computers are expected to solve problems currently intractable with today's technology, such as in the fields of chemistry, material science, and biology. Solving such problems will entail computations using quantum algorithms implemented using deep quantum circuits. Implementing these deep quantum circuits will require that the quantum processor has access to a sufficient number of qubits and that operations of the deep quantum circuits (e.g., including qubit transport, qubit cooling, qubit gating, etc.) can be performed within the coherence time of the qubits. To allow the quantum processor to perform a larger number of operations (e.g., deep quantum circuits) within a time period defined by the coherence time of the qubits, various embodiments provide a multidimensional atomic object confinement apparatus configured to enable (near and / or nearly) parallelization of operations. For example, the multidimensional atomic object confinement apparatus of various embodiments is configured to enable multiple operations to be performed in a near and / or nearly parallel manner. In various embodiments, as a manipulation signal propagates throughout the atomic object confinement apparatus, near and / or nearly parallel operations are performed sequentially at different points within the atomic object confinement apparatus. As used herein, the term manipulation refers to the application of manipulation signals (e.g., laser beams, microwave signals, magnetic fields, and / or, etc.) to multiple atomic objects to cause the controlled evolution (e.g., cooling, gating, shelving, leading, etc.) of the quantum state of one or more atomic objects as a qubit. In various embodiments, the atomic objects can be transported in parallel as well within the multidimensional atomic object confinement device.

[0033] Furthermore, the curved legs of the multidimensional atomic object confinement device allow for the use of a shared manipulation signal (e.g., laser beam) to address multiple manipulation regions, either sequentially or in parallel. This reduces the number of manipulation sources required to perform the manipulations, which also reduces the complexity of the manipulation signal delivery system. This also reduces the total laser power usage (e.g., fewer beam paths are required, beam steering hardware is eliminated, and / or the like). Furthermore, the curved legs of the multidimensional atomic object confinement device allow for the atomic objects to be moved into or out of the corresponding beam paths without the need to transport the atomic objects through a junction, thus reducing the time required to perform such atomic object transport and the time required for subsequent cooling of the transported atomic objects.

[0034] Thus, various embodiments provide technical solutions to technical problems related to how to implement deep quantum circuits, where a large number of operations must be performed within the coherence time of the qubits of a quantum processor implementing the deep quantum circuit. For example, various embodiments provide improvements to the field of atomic object confinement devices and quantum computers and / or processors comprising atomic object confinement devices by providing an atomic object confinement device configured to enable parallel implementation of various operations and / or atomic object transport, reduce the cooling of atomic objects required as a result of several transport events, reduce the number of manipulation sources, and reduce the complexity of the manipulation signal delivery system.

[0035] As mentioned above, various embodiments provide multi-dimensional atomic object confinement devices each comprising a periodic or quasi-periodic array formed by a plurality of legs connected via junctions, the plurality of legs comprising curved legs. For example, at least one leg of each smallest array element is a curved leg in various embodiments. As used herein, the smallest array element of an atomic object confinement device is the smallest group of legs and junctions that can be used to tile and / or form a mosaic of layouts of atomic object confinement devices. In exemplary embodiments, each leg of the plurality of legs of the atomic object confinement device is a curved leg. In exemplary embodiments, the smallest array element of an atomic object confinement device comprises straight and / or non-curved legs.

[0036] Typically, each leg of the atomic object confinement device is defined by one or more radio frequency rails and / or electrodes (referred to herein as RF rails) and at least one sequence or series of trapping and / or transport (TT) electrodes. When a radio frequency voltage signal is applied to the RF rails, a trapping potential configured to trap and / or confine the atomic object within the one-dimensional trapping region is generated. In particular, when a radio frequency voltage signal is applied to the RF rails, a pseudo-potential is generated. The one-dimensional trapping region comprises a radio frequency null. The radio frequency null is a one-dimensional path defined by the direction of the weakest pseudo-potential gradient. At some points along the radio frequency null, the pseudo-potential is substantially equal to zero. The radio frequency null thus results in a stable one-dimensional trapping region. The leg of the atomic object confinement device is substantially defined by the radio frequency null. In the curved legs, the radio frequency nulls are curved in the same manner as the legs so that atomic objects trapped and / or confined in the legs of the atomic object confinement device can be transported along the radio frequency nulls of the corresponding legs. The TT electrodes are configured such that a series of voltage signals are applied to the TT electrodes, the time evolution of which is slow (at least in part due to the use of low pass filters) compared to the time evolution of the radio frequency voltage signal applied to the RF rail. In an exemplary embodiment, the term slow means that the highest frequency Fourier component with a substantially non-zero amplitude is slower than the frequency of the signal applied to the RF rail.

[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates what is meant by curved legs and / or an array with curved legs as used herein. FIG. 1 illustrates an example arrangement of legs 208 of an atomic object confinement device in an array 205 according to an example embodiment. The example array 205 illustrated in FIG. 1 is a periodic array of curved legs 208. Each leg 208 extends from a first end 209A adjacent to, adjacent to, and / or forming at least a portion of a first junction 202A to a second end 209B adjacent to, adjacent to, and / or forming at least a portion of a second junction 202B. The shortest distance (e.g., straight line distance and / or Euclidean distance) between the first junction 202A and the second junction 202B is the array distance / . The length of the curved leg 208 is longer than the array distance / . In an exemplary embodiment, the length of the curved leg 208 is at least 1.05l, 1.10l, 1.15l, and / or the like.

[0038] 1 further illustrates five arrays with curved leg fiducials, indicated by lines 150A, 150B, 150C, 150D, and 150E. As used herein to describe arrays with curved leg fiducials, the terms "tangent" and "perpendicular" refer to angles in the plane of the atomic object containment device (e.g., the plane of the two-dimensional projection shown in FIG. 1).

[0039] In various embodiments, a periodic or quasi-periodic array of legs that includes at least one curved leg in each of the smallest array elements satisfies at least one of the five arrays having a curved leg criterion. In an exemplary embodiment, a periodic or quasi-periodic array of legs that includes at least one curved leg in each of the smallest array elements satisfies all five arrays having a curved leg criterion.

[0040] The first array with curved leg reference is shown by line 150A. Line 150A is a straight line that is in tangent contact with at least one leg 208 at some point, and is also in tangent contact with additional legs of the array in the periodicity (or some sub-periodicity) of the atomic object containment device, and that intersects other legs of the array only at discrete points (or not at all). Circles along line 150A indicate the regions where line 150A is in tangent contact with each leg 208.

[0041] A second array with a curved leg reference is shown by line 150B, which is a straight line that is perpendicular to at least one leg and also perpendicular to additional legs at some sub-periodicity of the array.

[0042] A third array with curved leg references is shown by line 150C, which is a straight line that is in tangent contact with some of the legs in the periodicity of the array and / or in tangent contact with some of the legs in some sub-periodicity of the array along the columns or rows of the array, but does not intersect those same legs at any outpoint along those legs.

[0043] A fourth array having a curved leg reference is shown by line 150D. Line 150D is a straight line that is in tangent contact with a leg at any point and is not in tangent contact with any other portion of any leg over a given number of periods of the array. For example, if the curved legs are defined by a periodic function corresponding to the period length, then line 150D is not in tangent contact with any other portion of any leg within a distance of a given number multiple of the period length from leg 150D with which the straight line is in tangent contact at said point.

[0044] A fifth array having a curved leg reference is shown by line 150E. Line 150E is a straight line that is perpendicular to a leg at some point and that (a) is not in tangent contact with any other leg of the array and (b) is not perpendicular to the same point of a leg in another period of the array for a given number of periods of the array. For example, if the curved legs are defined by a periodic function corresponding to the period length, then line 150E is not perpendicular to the same point of a leg in another period of the array within a distance of a given number multiple of the period length from the leg to which line 150E is perpendicular at said point.

[0045] As mentioned above, the atomic object confinement device comprises a plurality of legs connected in a periodic or quasi-periodic array via junctions. As used herein, a periodic array is an array for which a smallest array element can be defined that is smaller than the array as a whole. For example, the smallest array element can be used to generate an array by tiling and / or mosaic (e.g., by one or more rotations and / or translations of the smallest array element). In other words, a periodic array is an array for which the topology and / or geometry of the array is repeated with a defined period. A quasi-periodic array is an array for which the periodicity of the array is perturbed by a global distortion. In other words, a quasi-periodic array is roughly periodic, but its periodicity is perturbed in one or more directions.

[0046] Various embodiments thus provide an atomic object confinement device (and / or a system including such a device) that includes multiple legs, including one or more curved legs, connected via junctions and arranged in a periodic or quasi-periodic array. The curved legs and / or periodic or quasi-periodic array are configured such that the array satisfies one or more array having curved legs criteria. For example, the curved legs and / or periodic or quasi-periodic array can be configured such that the atomic object confinement device can be used to perform periodic operations on and / or transport atomic objects confined by the atomic object confinement device.

[0047] FIG. 2 illustrates a number of possible periodic or quasi-periodic arrays 205 (e.g., 205A-L) in which the legs of an atomic object confinement device may be arranged, according to various exemplary embodiments. Various other arrays 205 that include at least one curved leg in the smallest array element and / or satisfy at least one of the arrays having a curved leg criteria may be used in various other embodiments. It should be understood that the use of terms such as horizontal and vertical and / or row and column refers to the way these arrays are shown in the corresponding figures. It should be understood that the arrays may be rotated by any angle around the trap normal (e.g., normal to the surface of the trap, which is the z-direction as shown in FIG. 3A).

[0048] The first array 205A is a square array, with each leg being one period of a periodic odd or even function. For example, the junctions are arranged in a division and / or period of the periodic odd or even function. For example, the first array 205A comprises rows of legs, each of which is one period of a sine function, and columns of legs (e.g., rotated 90 degrees relative to the rows of legs), each of which is one period of a sine function. The smallest array element of the first array 205A is formed by a connected group of two legs 208, which are connected by a junction 202.

[0049] For example, in the exemplary embodiment, the atomic object confinement device 200 comprises a plurality of legs 208. Each leg of the plurality of legs is a curved leg substantially described by one period of a sine function (sin(x) for x=[0,2π). The plurality of legs are arranged in a first array 205A with a four-way junction, where a leg 208 terminating in a junction 202 is substantially perpendicular to at least one other leg of the junction. In other words, the first array 205A comprises junctions 202 connecting legs arranged in substantially perpendicular rows and columns. This exemplary embodiment of the atomic object confinement device satisfies all five of the arrays with curved legs criteria shown in FIG. 1.

[0050] The second array 205B is an alternating distortion array, with each leg being a half-period of a periodic odd or even function, and with alternating rows and / or columns being inverted. For example, each row and each column is a periodic function (e.g., a periodic odd or even function), and the junctions are located at each half-period of the periodic function. For example, row 290A has legs that are each half-period of a sine function, and the junctions are located at each half-period of the periodic odd or even function (here, a sine function as shown). Row 290B adjacent and / or adjacent to row 290A is inverted (e.g., flipped over a horizontal axis / line) with respect to row 290A. Row 290C, adjacent and / or adjacent to row 290B such that row 290B is the only row disposed between rows 290A and 290C, is inverted (e.g., flipped about a horizontal axis / line) with respect to row 290B and is substantially the same as row 290A. Similarly, column 292A has legs that are respective ½ periods of a sine function, with the junctions disposed at ½ periods of a periodic odd or even function (here, a sine function as shown). Column 292B, adjacent and / or adjacent to column 292A, is inverted (e.g., flipped about a vertical axis / line) with respect to column 292A. Column 292C, adjacent and / or adjacent to column 292B such that column 292B is the only column disposed between columns 292A and 292C, is inverted (e.g., flipped about a vertical axis / line) with respect to column 292B and is substantially identical to column 292A. The smallest array element of second array 205B is formed by a connected group of 12 legs connected via nine junctions formed by rows 290A, 290B, 290C crossing columns 292A, 292B, 292C.

[0051] The third array 205C and the fourth array 205D are examples of arrays that include both curved and straight legs. As shown, the horizontal legs of the third array 205C and the fourth array 205D are periodic functions rotated at any angle around the trap normal (e.g., normal to the surface of the trap, which is the z-direction as shown in FIG. 3A). The vertical legs of the third array 205C and the fourth array 205D are straight legs, with the junctions located with the periodicity of the function. The junctions can be located at any desired intervals along the vertical legs. In other words, the vertical legs can have any desired length suitable for the intended application. The third array 205C has horizontal legs described by the unrotated function cos(x)+cos(2x), and also has vertical legs with lengths that match the periodicity of the function describing the horizontal legs. Additionally, array 205D has a horizontal leg described by the function cos(x) rotated 16 degrees about the trap normal, and a vertical leg with a length consistent with the periodicity of the function describing the horizontal leg. The smallest array element of the third array 205C or the fourth array 205D is formed by two connected legs connected by a junction.

[0052] The fifth array 205E and the sixth array 205F are examples of odd function arrays. The legs are described by any odd or even periodic function rotated by any angle around the trap normal at the corresponding junction. The legs have a length that corresponds to the periodicity of the odd or even function describing the legs. The arrays are formed by reflecting cross axes that intersect with a horizontal axis or line. For example, the legs of the fifth array 205E are described by sin(x) rotated 45 degrees around the trap normal. The smallest array element of the fifth array 205E or the sixth array 205F is formed by four connected legs connected by two junctions.

[0053] The seventh array 205G is an anisotropic alternating strain array. The horizontal legs are any periodic function rotated by any angle around the trap normal. Each horizontal leg has a length corresponding to the periodicity of the periodic function describing the horizontal legs. The vertical legs are straight lines having any desired length suitable for the intended application. For example, junctions can be placed at any desired intervals along the vertical legs. Adjacent, adjacent, and / or alternating rows of horizontal legs are inverted (e.g., flipped around a horizontal axis or line). The seventh array shown has horizontal legs described by cos(x) that are not rotated around the trap normal, and also has vertical legs with lengths that match the period of the function describing the horizontal legs.

[0054] The eighth array 205H is a star-shaped cross array, with each leg being a half-period of a periodic odd or even function. For example, each row and each column is a periodic function (e.g., a periodic odd or even function), and the junctions are located at each half-period of the periodic function. As with the second array 205B, adjacent rows / columns are inverted with respect to each other (e.g., flipped around a horizontal / vertical axis or line). Also as with the second array 205B, the smallest array element of the eighth array 205H is formed by a connected group of eight legs connected through four junctions formed by three adjacent rows crossing three adjacent columns.

[0055] The ninth array 205I, the tenth array 205J and the eleventh array 205K are periodic arrays in which the junctions are formed by joining three legs together, while the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth arrays 205A-H are periodic arrays in which the junctions are formed by joining four legs together.

[0056] For example, in the ninth array 205I, the smallest array elements are constructed from irregular hexagons with 180 degree rotational symmetry. One or more sides of the hexagon are replaced with a curved function such that the resulting array has curved legs.

[0057] In another example, for the tenth array 205J, the smallest array element is comprised of a regular hexagon, with each leg replaced by the same odd or even function (the function is odd or even about the center of the leg). For example, a regular hexagon has 60 degree rotational symmetry about the center point of the hexagon. In the embodiment shown, the sides of the regular hexagon are replaced by curved legs described by a sine function, with a period that matches the length of the hexagon's sides.

[0058] In the case of the eleventh array 205K, the smallest array elements are composed of hexagons with folding symmetry across both the x and y axes, with the vertical legs being straight and the other legs being curved legs described by odd or even functions. This is similar to the fifth array 205E, but with each four-way junction replaced by a pair of three-way junctions connected by short straight legs. It should be understood that various other octagonal, hexagonal, square and / or other lattices having three-way, four-way and / or five-way or more junctions can be fitted with curved legs to provide periodic arrays with curved legs.

[0059] The twelfth array 205L is a quasi-periodic array with four-way junctions, in which the periodicity of the array is perturbed in two dimensions by a global distortion to provide a quasi-periodic array.

[0060] 3A illustrates an exemplary array 205 of atomic object confinement devices 200. The illustrated beam paths 220 drawn in the y-direction show how, in the illustrated embodiment, a beam (e.g., a laser beam and / or other manipulation signal) can propagate across a narrower dimension of the atomic object confinement device 200. In various embodiments, the beam paths are defined substantially across (or along a diagonal in some instances) the narrower dimension of the atomic object confinement device such that a manipulation signal propagating along the beam path traverses the atomic object confinement device while still being well collimated (e.g., the full width at half maximum of the beam cross section of the manipulation signal is at most a particular width). The solid dots indicate positions in array 205 where, when an atomic object is placed at a position, a beam propagating along beam path 220 will be incident on the atomic object substantially parallel to the radio frequency null of the corresponding leg at that position (position 210) of the atomic object, or substantially perpendicular to the radio frequency null of the corresponding leg at that position (position 212) of the atomic object. Array 205 and beam path 220 are thus configured to allow a single manipulation beam to be incident on multiple atomic objects simultaneously. Moreover, the single manipulation beam can be incident on the atomic objects simultaneously substantially parallel to the radio frequency null of each leg at each atomic object's position and substantially perpendicular to the radio frequency null. This feature of atomic object confinement apparatus 200 allows many parallel operations to be performed, for example, by a quantum processor including atomic object confinement apparatus 200. This feature further allows a single manipulation source to be used to address multiple manipulation regions and / or atomic objects, thereby reducing the manipulation source power and / or number of manipulation sources and / or the complexity of the manipulation source and / or manipulation signal delivery system.Additionally, each leg is provided with locations, such as unfilled dots 214, where an atomic object can be carried out of the path of beam path 220 without the need for transport through a junction. This allows the atomic object to be removed from parallel operation without the need for timely performance of junction transport and subsequent cooling.

[0061] 3A further illustrates how the atomic object confinement device 200 can perform generally and / or nearly parallel operations. For example, atomic objects can be positioned at positions 250A and 250B along the beam path 220A. The atomic object positioned at position 250B can be moved out of the beam path 220A (without having to cross junction 202) such that the motional and / or internal states of the atomic object positioned near position 250B are not disturbed when a manipulation signal is applied to perform a parallel operation on the atomic object positioned at position 250A. The atomic object can then be returned to its original position, and the atomic object positioned at position 250A can be moved out of the beam path 220A (without having to cross junction 202) such that the motional and / or internal states of the atomic object positioned near position 250A are not disturbed when a manipulation signal is applied to perform a parallel operation on the atomic object positioned at position 250B.

[0062] Thus, according to various embodiments, resources can be minimized (e.g., the number of beams required for gating can be minimized) while compensating for changes in local trapping and beam properties that do not allow full parallelization of operations (e.g., laser beam divergence and clipping, changes in trapping potentials, etc.). For example, the total manipulation signal flux (J / mm 2 ) to change the internal state of the atomic objects. When a manipulation signal is incident on all four atomic objects (atomic objects located at positions 250A, 250B), the divergence of the manipulation signal (e.g., a laser beam) causes the individual atomic objects to move with different light intensities (W / mm2 ), and therefore the gating will be slightly different. This effect can be compensated for by sequentially gating the individual atomic objects and adjusting the length of the individual laser pulses to achieve equal total electric flux for the individual manipulation signals. A partially parallel implementation is possible if the beam waist of the manipulation signal occurs and / or is positioned exactly at the midpoint between positions 250A and / or the midpoint between positions 250B (as described above using positions 250A, 250B). In this case, the atomic object placed at position 250A will see the same light intensity. And the atomic object placed at position 250B will also see the same light intensity, although not the same as the atomic object placed at position 250A.

[0063] FIG. 3B illustrates a conventional straight leg array 5 with multiple legs 8 that are all straight (e.g., not curved and / or have a length equal to the array distance l) and joined at junction 2. Beam lines 20 illustrate how, in a conventional straight leg array 5, the entire set of legs 8 is illuminated by beam path 20 when the beam path is intended to be incident at location 10 such that it is substantially parallel to the radio frequency null at location 10. If an atomic object is placed at a location 6 along the same set of legs 8 as location 10 illuminated by beam path 20, but where the atomic object should not be illuminated by beam path 20 (e.g., has no operations performed by beam path 20 performed on it), then the atomic object must be transported to location 14 via junction 2. Transporting the atomic object through junction 2 is a slower process than transporting the atomic object along legs of similar length and may require significant cooling of the atomic object after transport has occurred. It is therefore desirable to minimize transport of the atomic object through junction 2. Furthermore, if it is desired to illuminate location 12 such that beam path 20 is substantially perpendicular to the radio frequency null at location 12, a different beam path 20 must be used. In other words, a single beam path 20 cannot illuminate both location 10 where beam path 20 is substantially parallel to the radio frequency null, and location 12 where beam path 20 is substantially perpendicular to the radio frequency null. Thus, additional optical lines are required. As can be seen by comparing the exemplary embodiment of a periodic array with curved legs shown in FIG. 3A with a conventional periodic array with straight legs shown in FIG. 3B, various embodiments of atomic object confinement device 200 provide significant technical advantages over conventional devices.

[0064] 4 shows a schematic top view of a portion of an exemplary atomic object confinement device 200. The exemplary atomic object confinement device 200 includes a plurality of legs 208, including curved legs, arranged in a periodic array 205 and connected via junctions 202. In an exemplary embodiment, the atomic object confinement device 200 is a multi-dimensional (e.g., two-dimensional or three-dimensional) surface ion trap, surface Paul trap, and / or the like, configured to trap a plurality of atomic objects (e.g., ions, ion crystals, and / or the like) therein. Each leg 208 of the atomic object confinement device 200 extends over a respective length between two respective ends 209A, 209B. Typically (e.g., possibly along an edge of the atomic object confinement device 200), each end 209 of each leg 208 is connected to at least one other leg 208 by a junction 202. Typically, the legs 208 of the atomic object confinement device 200 are one-dimensional segments and / or portions of the atomic object confinement device 200. In particular, the legs 208 of the atomic object confinement device 200 define a substantially one-dimensional confinement region in which the atomic object can be confined. Typically, the junction 202 is formed by joining, bonding, and / or abutting two or more legs 208. At least two of the two or more legs 208 define one-dimensional confinement regions lateral to each other at least in the vicinity of the junction. For example, the leg 208A is lateral to the legs 208B and 208D at least in the vicinity of the junction 202A.

[0065] In various embodiments, the atomic object confinement device 200 includes a plurality of legs 208, including curved legs, arranged in a periodic or quasi-periodic array. The shortest distance (e.g., straight line distance and / or Euclidean distance) between two adjacent junctions 202 (e.g., the shortest path between two adjacent junctions does not pass through any other junctions and / or does not include any other junctions) is the array distance l. A leg 208 arranged between two adjacent junctions 202 (e.g., having a first end 209A at one of the two adjacent junctions and a second end 209B at the other of the two adjacent junctions) is a curved leg if the path length along the leg is longer than the array distance l. In an exemplary embodiment, the length of the curved leg 208 is at least 1.05l, 1.10l, 1.15l, and / or the like.

[0066] In various embodiments, the atomic object confinement device 200 includes a plurality of legs 208 that include curved legs and are arranged in a periodic or quasi-periodic array such that the array 205 satisfies at least one array having curved legs criteria as described above.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the atomic object confinement device 200 is fabricated as part of an atomic object confinement device chip and / or fabricated as part of an atomic object confinement device package. In an exemplary embodiment, the atomic object confinement device 200 is at least partially defined by a number of radio frequency (RF) rails 230. In various embodiments, the atomic object confinement device 200 is at least partially defined by a number of sequences of trapping and / or transport (TT) electrodes 235. In various embodiments, various TT electrode geometries, arrangements, layouts, and / or the like may be used. The illustrated TT electrode 235 geometries, arrangements, layouts, and / or the like are provided for illustrative purposes and, in various embodiments, will be determined and / or configured based on the intended use of the atomic object confinement device 200. In various embodiments, the top surface of the atomic object confinement device 200 has a planarized topology. For example, the top surfaces of the individual RF rails 230 of the multiple RF rails and the top surfaces of the individual TT electrodes 235 of the multiple sequence of TT electrodes may be substantially coplanar. In an exemplary embodiment, the surface of the atomic object confinement device 200 is not flat, and a plane is defined along which the height of the atomic object above the "surface" of the atomic object confinement device 200 is measured.

[0068] In various embodiments, each of the legs 208 of the atomic object confinement device 200 includes and / or is at least partially defined by multiple (e.g., one or more) RF rails 230. In an exemplary embodiment, the legs 208 of the atomic object confinement device 200 are formed with substantially parallel longitudinal axes. For example, when the legs 208 are defined by two or more RF rails 230, these two or more RF rails 230 extend substantially parallel to one another along the length of the legs 208. As used herein, substantially parallel indicates that the RF rails 230 that are substantially parallel to one another do not intersect or cross one another. For example, the RF rails 230 can be formed by starting with a rectangular geometry and then perturbing this geometry by adding kinks, bends, and / or the like.

[0069] In various embodiments, two adjacent RF rails 230 may be separated (e.g., insulated) from each other by a vertical gap 231. For example, the vertical gap may define a confinement passage or region of the atomic object confinement device 200 (in one or two dimensions) and one or more atomic objects may be confined and / or trapped in this passage or region at various locations within the atomic object confinement device. In various embodiments, the vertical gap thus defined may extend substantially parallel to the adjacent RF rail 230 along the length of the corresponding leg 208. In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical gap may be at least partially filled with an insulating material (e.g., a dielectric material). In various embodiments, the dielectric material may be silicon dioxide (e.g., formed by thermal oxidation) and / or other dielectric and / or insulating materials. In various embodiments, the vertical gap has a width (e.g., distance between adjacent RF rails 230) of approximately 40 μm to 500 μm. In various embodiments, one or more sequences of TT electrodes 236.2 are disposed and / or formed within the vertical gap.

[0070] In various embodiments, the atomic object confinement device 200 (and / or the legs 208 and / or their junctions 202) can be at least partially defined by multiple sequences of TT electrodes 236 (e.g., 236.1, 236.2, 236.3), each of which comprises a plurality of TT electrodes 235. In an exemplary embodiment, each sequence of TT electrodes 236 associated with and / or at least partially defining the legs 208 is formed and extends substantially parallel to one or more RF rails 230 that at least partially define the respective legs 208 along at least a portion of the length of the legs 208. For example, three sequences of TT electrodes 236.1, 236.2, and 236.3 at least partially define the portion of the leg 208C shown in FIG. 4. Each of the three sequences of TT electrodes 236.1, 236.2, and 236.3 comprises a plurality of TT electrodes 235. In various embodiments, the multiple sequences of TT electrodes 236 at least partially defining the individual legs 208 include two, three, four and / or other number of sequences of TT electrodes. In an exemplary embodiment, the atomic object confinement device 200 includes multiple number of sequences of TT electrodes 236, with each number of sequences of TT electrodes at least partially defining the legs 208 and / or junctions 202 of the atomic object confinement device 200. In some embodiments, each of the TT electrodes 235 is formed with a substantially coplanar upper surface that is substantially coplanar with the upper surface of the RF rail 230.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment, a lateral gap may exist between adjacent and / or adjacent TT electrodes 235. In an exemplary embodiment, this lateral gap may be empty space and / or may be at least partially filled with a dielectric material to prevent electrical communication between adjacent and / or adjacent electrodes 235. In an exemplary embodiment, the lateral gap between adjacent and / or adjacent electrodes 235 may be in the range of approximately 1-10 μm.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, a vertical gap exists between a series of TT electrodes 236 and adjacent and / or neighboring RF rails 230. In an exemplary embodiment, this vertical gap may be at least partially filled with a dielectric and / or insulating material to prevent electrical communication between the TT electrodes 235 of the series of TT electrodes 236 and the RF rails 230. In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical gap between adjacent and / or neighboring electrodes may be in the range of approximately 1-10 microns.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, multiple (e.g., a pair) of RF rails 230 may be formed between the first and third series of TT electrodes 236.1 and 236.3, with the second series of TT electrodes 236.2 extending along the longitudinal passage 201 between the RF rails 230. For example, each series of TT electrodes 236 of a particular leg 208 may extend in a substantially parallel direction to the corresponding RF rail 230 along at least a portion of the length of that particular leg 208. In various embodiments, the top surface of the TT electrode 235 is substantially coplanar with the top surface of the RF rail 230.

[0074] In various embodiments, a periodic voltage signal (e.g., a voltage signal having a radio frequency periodicity) can be applied to the RF rail 230 to generate an electric and / or magnetic field that acts to maintain the atomic objects confined and / or trapped within the atomic object confinement device 200. For example, the RF rail 230, which at least partially defines a particular leg 208, generates an electric pseudopotential that confines and / or traps the atomic objects within that particular leg 208 transversely relative to a corresponding one-dimensional segment and / or portion of the atomic object confinement device 200. For example, the RF rail 230 is configured such that, when a periodic voltage signal is applied to the RF rail 230, it generates a pseudopotential that confines and / or traps the atomic objects along the one-dimensional segment shown by the dashed line in FIG. 4. For example, a radio frequency null along the leg 208 can define a transport path along that leg, along which the atomic objects can be transported along the length of the leg 208.

[0075] In various embodiments, the TT electrodes 235 are configured such that a control voltage signal is applied to the TT electrodes 235 such that the TT electrodes 235 generate a time-dependent potential field that results in the atomic object being transported along a transport path (e.g., along an RF null) for the leg 208. For example, the electric and / or magnetic fields generated at least in part by the control voltage signal applied to the TT electrodes 235 of a particular leg 208 of several series of TT electrodes 236 can trap at least one atomic object in a potential well above a top surface of a second series of TT electrodes (e.g., 236.2 for leg 208C) and / or in the longitudinal gap 201 of the respective leg 208C. Furthermore, the control voltage signal applied to electrode 235 can cause an atomic object, when placed in leg 208C, to be confined within the potential well above the upper surface of the second series of TT electrodes 236.2 and / or the vertical gap 201 and / or cause the trapped atomic object to substantially follow and / or traverse a trajectory along the RF null for the corresponding leg 208C.

[0076] In various embodiments, the TT electrode 235 is also disposed within the junction 202. In various embodiments, the TT electrode 235 disposed proximate the junction 202 is configured such that when a control voltage signal is applied to the TT electrode 235 proximate the junction 202, the TT electrode 235 generates an electric and / or magnetic field configured to transport atomic objects along a transport path through the junction 202.

[0077] In various embodiments, the control voltage signals applied to the TT electrodes 235 and the periodic voltage signals applied to the RF rails 230 are controlled by one or more devices (e.g., the controller 30 shown in FIG. 5, and / or the like) connected via leads. For example, the controller 30 can control the voltage sources 50 and / or other voltage drivers to apply control voltage signals to the TT electrodes 235 to generate time-dependent potentials (e.g., potentials that evolve with time) that cause atomic objects trapped and / or confined by the atomic object confinement device 200 to be transported along a defined transport path and / or held at a defined position.

[0078] Depending on factors such as the shape and / or size of the combined electric charge on the atomic object and / or electric and / or magnetic field (e.g., generated by applying a periodic voltage signal to the RF rail 230 and a control voltage signal to the TT electrode 235) of the at least one atomic object and / or poly-atomic object crystal, the atomic object can be stabilized at a particular distance (e.g., about 20 μm to about 200 μm) above the top surface (e.g., coplanar top surface of the TT electrode 235 and the RF rail 230) of the atomic object confinement device 200. To further contribute to controlling the passage of the atomic object along a desired trajectory, in various embodiments, the atomic object confinement device 200 can be operated in a cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber that can cool the atomic object confinement device to a temperature below 124 Kelvin (e.g., below 100 Kelvin, below 50 Kelvin, below 10 Kelvin, below 5 Kelvin, and / or the like).

[0079] Technical advantages Various embodiments provide a technical solution to the technical problem of enabling the performance of (near and / or nearly) parallel operations in an atomic object confinement device. In various applications, such as using atomic object confinement devices as components of a quantum processor and using atomic objects trapped and / or confined by the atomic object confinement devices as qubits of the quantum processor, the ability to perform (near and / or nearly) parallel operations enables the quantum processor to perform deeper quantum circuits and more complex quantum computations.

[0080] For example, a periodic array of legs including multiple legs with the same geometry can enable global transport of atomic objects across the array using a small common set of TT electrode control signals shared between corresponding TT electrodes of different legs, with individual TT electrodes of the same type in a leg being manipulated by the same signals as other TT electrodes of the same type in other legs, thereby substantially reducing TT electrode manipulation signals, pin count on a chip with the atomic object confinement device, vacuum penetrations (e.g., wires can be threaded into the interior of a cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber), and substantially reducing the complexity of control of the atomic object confinement device system.

[0081] For example, the curved legs of a periodic or quasi-periodic array of atomic object confinement devices allow a manipulation signal emitted along a single beam path to perform operations on multiple atomic objects where the incident manipulation signal propagates substantially parallel to radio frequency nulls at the same location along the beam path and substantially perpendicular to radio frequency nulls at other locations along the beam path. The curved legs of the atomic object confinement device thus reduce the number of manipulation sources (e.g., lasers) required to perform various operations. Furthermore, when an atomic object is positioned along a beam path, but it is desired that the manipulation signal propagating along the beam path is not incident on the atomic object, the atomic object can be transported out of the beam path without the need to transport the atomic object through a junction, which reduces the time required to perform such a transport operation and subsequent cooling of the transported atomic object.

[0082] Additional technical advantages provided by various embodiments may include having a manipulation zone along a shared manipulation signal beam path, which may require fewer manipulation signals, reducing power, cost, and complexity. The use of a shared manipulation signal for parallel manipulation has already been described. In addition to parallel manipulation, reduced laser power, cost, and reduced complexity are additional advantages present even in embodiments where parallel manipulation is not implemented. Another technical advantage provided by various embodiments includes that with an atomic object confinement device having both a tangential contact state working area and a perpendicular working area (e.g., an area where gating can be performed) simultaneously along the same beam path, the device can be reconfigured to use axial or radial gating, and / or both as needed. Axial gating may be preferred for various scenarios because the noise of the voltage source available for the TT electrodes is small relative to the RF rail source. Radial gating may be preferred for various scenarios because it provides a higher frequency motion mode and reduces error and power requirements if the noise of the RF rail source is sufficiently small. Having an atomic object confinement device with both options allows the quantum computer to be reconfigured to use the best operation zone in the future when better RF sources become available, and also allows the axial gate to be used when such a low noise RF source is not available.

[0083] Various embodiments thus provide technical advantages over conventional two-dimensional atomic object confinement devices and systems comprising such two-dimensional atomic object confinement devices.

[0084] Exemplary Quantum Computer with Atomic Object Confinement Device As described above, the atomic object confinement device 200 may be a component of a quantum processor of a quantum computer. For example, atomic objects trapped and / or confined by the atomic object confinement device 200 may be used as qubits of the quantum processor. The structure of the multiple legs of the atomic object confinement device 200, including curved legs in a periodic or quasiperiodic array, allows parallel operations to be effectively performed by the quantum processor. FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary quantum computer system 100 including the atomic object confinement device 200 (e.g., an ion trap) according to an exemplary embodiment. In various embodiments, the quantum computer system 100 includes a computational entity 130 and a quantum computer 110. In various embodiments, the quantum computer 110 includes a controller 30 and a quantum processor 115. In various embodiments, the quantum processor 115 includes the atomic object confinement device 200 sealed in a cryostat and / or vacuum chamber 40, one or more voltage sources 50, one or more manipulation sources 60, and / or the like.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more manipulation sources 60 comprise one or more lasers (e.g., optical lasers, microwave sources, and / or the like). In various embodiments, the one or more manipulation sources 60 are configured to manipulate and / or provide a controlled quantum state evolution of one or more atomic objects within the atomic object confinement device 200. For example, in an exemplary embodiment, the one or more manipulation sources 60 comprise one or more lasers, which can provide one or more laser beams to the confinement device within the cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40. The laser beams can be used to perform various operations (e.g., parallel operations) on the one or more atomic objects, such as enacting one or more quantum gates, sympathetic cooling, and / or the like. In various embodiments, the manipulation sources 60 are controlled by respective driver controller elements 615 (see FIG. 6 ) of the controller 30.

[0086] In various embodiments, the quantum computer 110 includes one or more voltage sources 50. For example, the voltage sources 50 can include multiple TT voltage drivers and / or voltage sources, and / or at least one RF driver and / or voltage source. The voltage sources 50 can be electrically coupled to corresponding potential generating elements (e.g., TT electrodes 235, RF rails 230) of the atomic object confinement device 200 in an exemplary embodiment. For example, the voltage sources 50 are configured to provide a periodic voltage signal to the RF rails 230 and provide a control voltage signal to the TT electrodes 235. In various embodiments, the voltage sources 50 are controlled by respective driver controller elements 615 of the controller 30.

[0087] In various embodiments, computational entity 130 is configured to allow a user to provide input to quantum computer 110 (e.g., via a user interface of computational entity 130) and to receive, view, and / or like actions on output from quantum computer 110. Computational entity 130 may communicate with controller 30 of quantum computer 110 via one or more wired or wireless networks 120 and / or via direct wired and / or direct wireless communication. In an exemplary embodiment, computational entity 130 may translate, organize, format, and / or implement information / data, quantum circuits, quantum computing algorithms, and / or the like into a computational language, executable instructions, command set, and / or the like that controller 30 can understand and / or implement.

[0088] In various embodiments, the controller 30 is configured to control the voltage source 50, the cryogenic and / or vacuum system that controls the temperature and pressure within the cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40, the manipulation source 60, and / or other systems that control various environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, and / or the like) within the cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40, and / or to manipulate and / or effect the controlled evolution of the quantum state of one or more atomic objects within the confinement device. For example, the controller 30 can effect the controlled evolution of the quantum state of one or more atomic objects within the confinement device to execute a quantum circuit and / or algorithm. In various embodiments, the atomic objects confined within the confinement device are used as qubits of the quantum computer 110. For example, the quantum processor 115 can include multiple multi-atomic object crystals that each include a first atomic object used as a qubit atomic object of the quantum processor and a second atomic object used as a sympathetic cooling atomic object for use in cooling the qubit atomic object of the same multi-atomic object crystal.

[0089] Exemplary Controller In various embodiments, the atomic object confinement apparatus is incorporated within quantum computer 110. In various embodiments, quantum computer 110 further comprises a controller 30 configured to control various elements of quantum computer 110. For example, controller 30 may be configured to control voltage source 50, a cryogenic and / or vacuum system that controls the temperature and pressure within cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40, manipulation source 60, and / or other systems that control environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, pressure, and / or the like) within cryogenic and / or vacuum chamber 40, and / or may be configured to manipulate and / or effect a controlled evolution of the quantum states of one or more atomic objects within the confinement apparatus.

[0090] As shown in FIG. 6, in various embodiments, the controller 30 can comprise various controller elements including processing elements and / or devices 605, memory 610, driver controller elements 615, communication interfaces 620, analog-to-digital converter elements 625, and / or the like. For example, the processing elements and / or devices 605 can comprise programmable logic devices (CPLDs), microprocessors, co-processing entities, application specific instruction set processors (ASIPs), integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic arrays (PLAs), hardware accelerators, other processing devices and / or circuitry, and / or the like, and / or controllers. The term circuitry can refer to a complete hardware embodiment or a combination of hardware and a computer program product. In an exemplary embodiment, the processing elements and / or devices 605 of the controller 30 comprise and / or are in communication with a clock. For example, the processing elements and / or devices 605 are configured to determine how to cause the quantum processor 115 to implement a quantum circuit using parallel (e.g., simultaneous) operations, and then control various aspects of the quantum computer (e.g., by providing instructions to respective driver controller elements 615) to cause the quantum processor 115 to implement the quantum circuit using parallel operations.

[0091] For example, memory 610 may comprise non-transitory memory, such as a hard disk, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, MMC, SD memory cards, memory sticks, CBRAM, PRAM, FeRAM, RRAM, SONOS, racetrack memory, volatile and / or non-volatile memory storage devices, such as one or more of RAM, DRAM, SRAM, FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, RDRAM, RIMM, DIMM, SIMM, VRAM, cache memory, register memory, and / or the like. In various embodiments, memory 610 may store qubit records corresponding to qubits of a quantum computer (e.g., in a qubit record data store, a qubit record database, a qubit record table, and / or the like), as well as calibration tables, executable cues, computer program code (e.g., in one or more computer languages, a dedicated controller language, and / or the like), one or more libraries, one or more waveform series and associated metadata, and / or the like. In an exemplary embodiment, by executing at least a portion of the computer program code stored in memory 610 (e.g., by processing elements and / or devices 605), controller 30 performs one or more steps, operations, processes, procedures, and / or the like described herein to track the phase, position, and / or the like of atomic objects and / or poly-atomic object crystals in an atomic system, thereby adjusting one or more manipulation sources and / or the phase of signals generated by the one or more manipulation sources.

[0092] In various embodiments, the driver controller element 610 can include one or more drivers and / or a controller element configured to control one or more drivers, respectively. In various embodiments, the driver controller element 615 can comprise a driver and / or a driver controller. For example, the driver controller can be configured such that one or more corresponding drivers are operated according to executable instructions, commands, and / or the like planned and executed by the controller 30 (e.g., by the processing element and / or device 605). In various embodiments, the driver controller element 615 enables the controller 30 to operate the manipulation source 60. In various embodiments, the driver can be a laser driver, a vacuum component driver, a driver for controlling current flow and / or voltage applied to TT electrodes, RF rails, and / or other electrodes used to maintain and / or control the trapping potential of the atomic object confinement apparatus and / or to effect the transport of one or more atomic objects, a cryogenic and / or vacuum system component driver, and / or the like. For example, the driver may control and / or comprise a TT and / or RF voltage driver and / or a voltage source 50 that provides a voltage and / or an electrical signal (e.g., a periodic voltage signal and / or a control voltage signal) to the TT electrode 235 and / or the RF rail 230. In various embodiments, the controller 30 comprises means for communicating signals to and / or receiving signals from one or more optical receiver components, such as a camera, a MEMs camera, a CCD camera, a photodiode, a photomultiplier tube, and / or the like, of a light collection system configured to capture, detect, measure, and / or the like, optical signals generated by atomic objects trapped and / or confined by the atomic object confinement device 200. For example, the controller 30 may comprise one or more analog-to-digital converter elements 625 configured to receive signals from one or more optical receiver components, calibration sensors, and / or the like.

[0093] In various embodiments, the controller 30 may comprise a communications interface 620 for interfacing and / or communicating with the computational entities 130. For example, the controller 30 may comprise a communications interface 620 for receiving executable instructions, command sets, and / or the like from the computational entities 130, and for providing results of processing outputs received from the quantum computer 110 (e.g., from the light collection system) and / or outputs to the computational entities 130. In various embodiments, the computational entities 130 and the controller 30 may communicate via direct wired and / or wireless connections and / or one or more wired and / or wireless networks 120.

[0094] Exemplary Computational Entities 7 illustrates a simplified diagram of an exemplary computational entity 130 that can be used with embodiments of the present invention. In various embodiments, computational entity 130 is configured to enable a user to provide input to quantum computer 110 (e.g., via a user interface of computational entity 130) and to receive, display, analyze, and / or the like, output from quantum computer 110.

[0095] As shown in FIG. 7, the computing entity 130 may include an antenna 712, a transmitter 704 (e.g., wireless), a receiver 706 (e.g., radio), and a processing element 708 that respectively provides signals to the transmitter 704 and receives signals from the receiver 706. The signals respectively provided to the transmitter 704 and received from the receiver 706 may include signaling information / data based on an air interface standard of a wireless system that may be adapted to communicate with various entities, such as the controller 30, other computing entities 130, and / or the like. In this regard, the computing entity 130 may operate using one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, and access types. For example, the computing entity 130 may be configured to receive and / or provide communications using a wired data transmission protocol, such as Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS), or any other wired transmission protocol.Similarly, the computing entity 130 may be configured to support a variety of wireless communication services, including General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), CDMA2000 1X (1xRTT), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), Evolution - Data Optimized (EVDO), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), IEEE 802.11b, 802.11b, 802.11c, ...c, 802.11b, 802.11c, 802.11c, 802.11c, 802.11c, 802.11c, 802.11c, 802.1 It may be configured to communicate over a wireless external communications network using any of a variety of protocols, such as 802.11 (Wi-Fi), Wi-Fi Direct, 802.16 (WiMAX), Ultra Wideband (UWB), Infrared (IR) protocol, Near Field Communication (NFC) protocol, Wibree, Bluetooth protocol, Wireless Universal Serial Bus (USB) protocol, and / or any other wireless protocol. The computing entities 130 may communicate using such protocols and standards using Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name System (DNS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HTTP over TLS / SSL / Secure, Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Network Time Protocol (NTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Telnet, Transport Layer Security (TLS), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and / or the like.

[0096] Through these communication standards and protocols, the computing entity 130 can communicate with various other entities using concepts such as Unstructured Supplementary Service Information / Data (USSD), Short Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), Dual Tone Multi-Frequency Signaling (DTMF), and / or Subscriber Identity Module Dialer (SIM Dialer), etc. The computing entity 130 can also download, for example, modifications, add-ons, and updates to its firmware, software (including, for example, executable instructions, applications, program modules), and operating system.

[0097] The computing entity 130 may also include a user interface device with one or more user input / output interfaces (e.g., a display 716 and / or speaker / speaker driver coupled to the processing element 708, and a touch screen, keyboard, mouse, and / or microphone coupled to the processing element 708). For example, the user output interface may be configured to provide an application, browser, user interface, interface, dashboard, screen, web page, page, and / or similar terms, used interchangeably herein, that provide a display or audible presentation of information / data and that may be executed on and / or accessed via the computing entity 130 for interaction via one or more user input interfaces. The user input interface may include any number of devices from which the computing entity 130 can receive data, such as a keypad 718 (hard or soft), a touch display, a voice / speech or motion interface, a scanner, reader, or other input device. In embodiments including a keypad 718, the keypad 718 may include (or may provide a display of) conventional numeric (0-9) and related keys (#, *), and other keys used to operate the computing entity 130, and may also include a full set of alphabetic keys, or a set of keys that can be activated to provide a full set of alphanumeric keys. In addition to providing input, the user input interface may be used to activate or disable certain features, such as, for example, a screen saver and / or sleep mode. The computing entity 130 may collect information / data, user interaction / input, and / or the like via such input.

[0098] The computing entity 130 may also include volatile storage or memory 722 and / or non-volatile storage or memory 724, which may be embedded and / or removable. For example, the non-volatile memory may be ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, MMC, SD memory cards, memory sticks, CBRAM, PRAM, FeRAM, RRAM, SONOS, racetrack memory, and / or the like. The volatile memory may be RAM, DRAM, SRAM, FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, RDRAM, RIMM, DIMM, SIMM, VRAM, cache memory, registered memory, and / or the like. The volatile and non-volatile storage or memory may store databases, database instances, database management system instances, data, applications, programs, program modules, scripts, source code, object code, byte code, compiled code, translated code, machine code, executable instructions, and / or the like to implement the functionality of the computing entity 130.

[0099] conclusion Many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions described herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. It is to be understood, therefore, that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. [Explanation of symbols]

[0100] 2 Junction 5 Leg Array 6 positions 8 Legs 10 positions 12 positions 14 positions 20 Beam line, beam path 30 Controller 40 Cryostat and / or vacuum chamber 50 Voltage Source 60 Manipulation Source 100 Quantum Computer System 110 Quantum Computer 115 Quantum Processor 120 Wired or Wireless Network 130 Calculation entity 150A, 150B, 150C, 150D, 150E line 200 Atomic Object Confinement Device 201 Vertical passage 202 Junction 202A 1st Junction 202B 2nd Junction 205 Array 205A~L Array 208, 208A, 298B, 208C, 208D Legs 209A First End 209B Second end 210 position 212 positions 214 Unfilled Dots 220 Beam Path 230 Radio Frequency (RF) Rail 231 Vertical Gap 235, 236, 236.1, 236.2, 236.3 Trapping and / or transport (TT) electrodes 250A, 250B position 290A, 290B, 290C rows Columns 292A, 292B, 292C 605 Processing Elements and / or Devices 610 Memory 615 Driver Controller Element 620 Communication Interface 625 Analog-to-Digital Converter Elements 704 Transmitter 706 Receiver 708 Processing Elements 712 Antenna 716 Display 718 Keypad 722 Volatile Storage Device 724 Non-volatile storage devices l Array distance

Claims

1. A containment device comprising: a plurality of legs, each leg of the plurality of legs defining a one-dimensional trapping segment; a plurality of junctions, each junction of the plurality of junctions connecting at least two legs of the plurality of legs; Equipped with the plurality of legs and the plurality of junctions are arranged to form a two-dimensional array of connected one-dimensional trapping segments; the array of connected one-dimensional trapping segments defining a two-dimensional array of atomic target locations arranged in a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows; the plurality of legs are rotated relative to the two-dimensional array of atomic object positions; Confinement device.

2. A containment device as described in claim 1, wherein each junction of the plurality of junctions is positioned such that the junction is non-collinear with each of the plurality of columns and each of the plurality of rows.

3. A confinement device as described in claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional array of atomic target locations at least partially defines one or more beam paths that traverse a dimension of the two-dimensional array of connected one-dimensional trapping segments, and wherein individual junctions of the plurality of junctions are not in line with each of the one or more beam paths.

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