Battery Management System

Abstract

To make it possible to suppress missing of battery monitoring information.SOLUTION: A battery management system includes one or more monitoring devices 30 and a control device 40. The monitoring devices 30 acquire and monitor battery monitoring information including information indicating the state of batteries. The control device 40 wirelessly communicates with the monitoring devices 30 and performs predetermined processing based on the battery monitoring information. The monitoring devices 30 hold unestablished information, which is battery monitoring information that has not been successfully transmitted / received to / from the control device 40, and re-transmit the unestablished information when the battery monitoring information is transmitted next time onward.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The disclosure in this specification is Battery management system Regarding. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a battery management system using wireless communication. The contents of the prior art documents are incorporated by reference as explanations of technical elements in this specification. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6093448 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] According to Patent Document 1, when the assembled battery management device detects consecutive communication errors with the first battery cell management device, it determines that wireless communication with the first battery cell management device is impossible. Then, the assembled battery management device performs wireless communication with the first battery cell management device via a second battery cell management device that is separate from the first battery cell device. In this way, a loss (omission) of battery monitoring information occurs due to the occurrence of a communication failure between the battery cell management device (monitoring device) and the assembled battery management device (control device). In the above-mentioned respect, or in another respect not mentioned, Battery Management System Further improvement is required.

[0005] One of the disclosed objectives is to prevent the loss of battery monitoring information. Battery Management System The purpose of this invention is to provide [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] Battery management system disclosed herein One of teeth, Battery Statusone or more monitoring devices (30) that acquire and monitor battery monitoring information including information indicative of a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; The monitoring device stores failure information, which is battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the failure information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted. death, The control device includes: acquiring battery monitoring information from a monitoring device via wireless communication, and acquiring wired information, which is information indicating the state of the battery, via wired communication without going through the monitoring device; Executing a predetermined process based on the acquired battery monitoring information and wired information; The monitoring device acquires at least a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, as the battery monitoring information; The control device includes: Obtaining battery monitoring information including a cell voltage from a monitoring device and also obtaining a cell current flowing through the battery cell as wired information; As the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell is executed based on the acquired battery monitoring information including the cell voltage and the cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and cell current; If there is non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device resends the non-establishment information corresponding to the request. Another disclosed battery management system is: one or more monitoring devices (30) for acquiring and monitoring battery monitoring information including information indicative of the state of the battery; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; The monitoring device stores failure information, which is battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the failure information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; The monitoring device obtains, as the battery monitoring information, a cell voltage, which is the voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, and a cell current flowing through the battery cell; The control device executes, as the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell based on the battery monitoring information including the acquired cell voltage and cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and cell current; If there is non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device resends the non-establishment information corresponding to the request. In one of the battery management systems described above or another one of the battery management systems, the control device further executes any one of the processes described below. When the control device is unable to acquire a cell voltage corresponding to the maximum value and / or the minimum value of the acquired plurality of cell currents, the control device requests retransmission of non-establishment information including the cell voltage. When the interval between adjacent cell currents corresponding to the cell voltages acquired during the sampling period is wider than a predetermined value due to the presence of non-establishment information, the control device requests retransmission of the non-establishment information. If the number of pieces of battery monitoring information acquired during a sampling period does not reach a predetermined number, the control device requests retransmission of at least a portion of the non-establishment information acquired during the sampling period. When the voltage width from the maximum value to the minimum value of the plurality of cell voltages acquired during the sampling period is less than a predetermined width, the control device requests retransmission of at least a portion of the non-establishment information during the sampling period. When the control device is unable to acquire the maximum and / or minimum value of the cell voltages of all the battery cells, the control device requests retransmission of the non-establishment information including the maximum and / or minimum value.

[0007] According to the disclosed battery management system, the monitoring device stores the non-establishment information. The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted, thereby preventing the battery monitoring information from being lost.

[0010] The various aspects disclosed in this specification adopt different technical means to achieve their respective objectives. The claims and the parenthetical symbols described in this section are merely illustrative of the corresponding relationship with the embodiments described below, and are not intended to limit the technical scope. The objectives, features, and effects disclosed in this specification will become clearer with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a vehicle equipped with a battery pack. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a battery pack. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a battery pack. [Figure 4] 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery management system according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a communication sequence between a monitoring device and a control device. [Figure 6] FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a retransmission request. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of a retransmission request. [Figure 9] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of a retransmission request. [Figure 10] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of a retransmission request. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 illustrates an inspection system. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a communication sequence between a monitoring device and an inspection device. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a modified example of the battery management system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] Hereinafter, several embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, by assigning the same reference numerals to corresponding components in each embodiment, duplicated explanations may be omitted. When only a part of the configuration is described in each embodiment, the configuration of the other embodiment described above can be applied to the other parts of the configuration. In addition to the combination of configurations explicitly stated in the description of each embodiment, configurations of several embodiments can be partially combined together even if not explicitly stated, as long as there is no particular problem with the combination.

[0013] (First embodiment) First, the configuration of a vehicle equipped with a battery management system according to this embodiment, particularly a vehicle related to a battery pack equipped with the battery management system, will be described with reference to Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle. The vehicle is an electric vehicle such as a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The battery management system can also be applied to moving objects other than vehicles, such as aircraft such as drones, ships, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, etc. The battery management system can also be applied to stationary batteries (storage batteries) for home or commercial use.

[0014] <Vehicle> 1, a vehicle 10 includes a battery pack (BAT) 11, a PCU 12, a MG 13, and an ECU 14. PCU is an abbreviation for Power Control Unit. MG is an abbreviation for Motor Generator. ECU is an abbreviation for Electronic Control Unit.

[0015] The battery pack 11 includes a battery assembly 20, which will be described later, and provides a chargeable and dischargeable DC voltage source. The battery pack 11 supplies power to electrical loads of the vehicle 10. For example, the battery pack 11 supplies power to the MG 13 through the PCU 12. The battery pack 11 is charged through the PCU 12. The battery pack 11 is sometimes referred to as a main battery.

[0016] The battery pack 11 is arranged in a front compartment of a vehicle 10, for example, as shown in Fig. 1. The battery pack 11 may also be arranged in a rear compartment, under a seat, under a floor, etc. For example, in the case of a hybrid vehicle, the compartment in which the engine is arranged may be called an engine compartment, an engine room, or the like.

[0017] The temperature of the battery pack 11 is adjusted by the wind generated when the vehicle 10 is running or by cooling wind supplied from a fan mounted on the vehicle 10. The temperature of the battery pack 11 may be adjusted by a cooling liquid circulating inside the vehicle 10. By the above-mentioned temperature adjustment, excessive temperature changes in the battery pack 11 are suppressed. Note that the battery pack 11 may simply be connected to a member having a large heat capacity, such as the body of the vehicle 10, in a manner capable of conducting heat.

[0018] The PCU 12 performs bidirectional power conversion between the battery pack 11 and the MG 13 in accordance with a control signal from the ECU 14. The PCU 12 may be referred to as a power converter. The PCU 12 may include an inverter and a converter. The converter is disposed in a current path between the battery pack 11 and the inverter. The converter has a function of stepping up and stepping down a DC voltage. The inverter converts the DC voltage stepped up by the converter into an AC voltage, for example, a three-phase AC voltage, and outputs the voltage to the MG 13. The inverter converts the power generated by the MG 13 into a DC voltage and outputs the DC voltage to the converter.

[0019] The MG 13 is an AC rotating electric machine, for example, a three-phase AC synchronous motor with a permanent magnet embedded in the rotor. The MG 13 functions as a driving source for the vehicle 10, that is, an electric motor. The MG 13 is driven by the PCU 12 to generate a rotational driving force. The driving force generated by the MG 13 is transmitted to the driving wheels. The MG 13 functions as a generator when the vehicle 10 is braked, and performs regenerative power generation. The generated power of the MG 13 is supplied to the battery pack 11 via the PCU 12 and stored in the battery pack 20 in the battery pack 11.

[0020] The ECU 14 includes a computer equipped with a processor, a memory, an input / output interface, and a bus connecting these. The processor is hardware for arithmetic processing. The processor includes, for example, a CPU as a core. CPU is an abbreviation for Central Processing Unit. The memory is a non-transient, tangible storage medium that non-temporarily stores computer-readable programs, data, and the like. The memory stores various programs executed by the processor.

[0021] The ECU 14 acquires information about the assembled battery 20 from the battery pack 11, for example, and controls the PCU 12 to control the driving of the MG 13 and the charging and discharging of the battery pack 11. The ECU 14 may acquire information about the voltage, temperature, current, SOC, SOH, etc. of the assembled battery 20 from the battery pack 11. The ECU 14 may acquire battery information about the assembled battery 20, such as the voltage, temperature, and current, to calculate the SOC and SOH. SOC is an abbreviation for State Of Charge. SOH is an abbreviation for State Of Health.

[0022] The processor of the ECU 14 executes a plurality of instructions included in a PCU control program stored in a memory, for example. In this way, the ECU 14 configures a plurality of functional units for controlling the PCU 12. In this way, the program stored in the memory causes the processor to execute a plurality of instructions, thereby configuring a plurality of functional units in the ECU 14. The ECU 14 is sometimes referred to as an EVECU.

[0023] <Battery pack> Next, an example of the configuration of the battery pack 11 will be described with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a schematic view of the inside of the battery pack 11. In Fig. 2, the housing is indicated by a two-dot chain line. Fig. 3 is a plan view showing the upper surface of each battery stack.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 2, the battery pack 11 includes a battery pack 20, a plurality of monitoring devices 30, a control device 40, and a housing 50. In the following, of the faces of the housing 50, which is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, the longitudinal direction of the mounting face on the vehicle 10 is indicated as the X direction, and the lateral direction is indicated as the Y direction. In FIG. 2, the lower face is the mounting face. The up-down direction perpendicular to the mounting face is indicated as the Z direction. The X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction are in a positional relationship that is orthogonal to each other. In this embodiment, the left-right direction of the vehicle 10 corresponds to the X direction, the front-rear direction corresponds to the Y direction, and the up-down direction corresponds to the Z direction. The arrangements in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are merely examples, and the battery pack 11 may be arranged in any manner with respect to the vehicle 10.

[0025] The battery pack 20 has a plurality of battery stacks 21 arranged side by side in the X direction. The battery stacks 21 may be referred to as a battery block, a battery module, or the like. The battery pack 20 is configured by connecting a plurality of battery stacks 21 in series and / or parallel. In this embodiment, the plurality of battery stacks 21 are connected in series.

[0026] Each battery stack 21 has a plurality of battery cells 22. The plurality of battery cells 22 are housed in a case (not shown). This fixes the relative positions of the plurality of battery cells 22. The case is made of metal or resin. If the case is made of metal, an electrically insulating member may be interposed partially or entirely between the wall surface of the case and the battery cells 22.

[0027] The form of the fixing member is not particularly limited as long as it can fix the relative positions of the multiple battery cells 22. For example, a configuration in which the multiple battery cells 22 are restrained by a strip-shaped band may be adopted. In this case, a separator may be interposed between the multiple battery cells 22 to maintain a distance between them.

[0028] The battery stack 21 has a plurality of battery cells 22 connected in series. The battery stack 21 of this embodiment is configured by connecting a plurality of battery cells 22 arranged side by side in the Y direction in series. The assembled battery 20 provides the above-mentioned DC voltage source. The assembled battery 20, the battery stack 21, and the battery cells 22 correspond to a battery.

[0029] The battery cell 22 is a secondary battery that generates an electromotive force by a chemical reaction. As the secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery, an organic radical battery, or the like can be used. A lithium ion secondary battery is a secondary battery that uses lithium as a charge carrier. Secondary batteries that can be used for the battery cell 22 include not only secondary batteries with a liquid electrolyte, but also so-called all-solid-state batteries that use a solid electrolyte.

[0030] The battery cell 22 has a power generating element and a battery case that houses the power generating element. As shown in Fig. 3, the battery case of each battery cell 22 is formed in a flat shape. The battery case has a total of four side surfaces, including two end surfaces aligned in the Z direction, two aligned in the X direction, and two aligned in the Y direction. The battery case of this embodiment is made of metal.

[0031] The battery cells 22 are stacked such that the side surfaces of the battery cases are in contact with each other in the Y direction. The battery cells 22 have a positive terminal 25 and a negative terminal 26 at both ends in the X direction that protrude in the Z direction, more specifically, in the Z+ direction indicating upward. The Z direction positions of the protruding end faces of the positive terminal 25 and the negative terminal 26 are the same for each battery cell 22. The battery cells 22 are stacked such that the positive terminals 25 and the negative terminals 26 are alternately arranged in the Y direction.

[0032] Straight busbar units 23 are arranged on both ends in the X direction on the top surface of each battery stack 21. The busbar units 23 are arranged on both ends in the X direction of the end faces from which the positive electrode terminals 25 and the negative electrode terminals 26 of the multiple battery cases protrude. That is, a pair of busbar units 23 are arranged in each battery stack 21.

[0033] Each busbar unit 23 has a plurality of busbars 24 that electrically connect positive electrode terminals 25 and negative electrode terminals 26 that are alternately arranged in the Y direction, and a busbar cover 27 that covers the plurality of busbars 24. The busbars 24 are plate materials made of a metal with good conductivity such as copper or aluminum. The busbars 24 electrically connect the positive electrode terminals 25 and negative electrode terminals 26 of the battery cells 22 that are adjacent to each other in the Y direction. As a result, in each battery stack 21, the plurality of battery cells 22 are connected in series.

[0034] With this connection structure, one of the two battery cells 22 located at the ends of the multiple battery cells 22 aligned in the Y direction in each battery stack 21 has the highest potential, and the other has the lowest potential. A predetermined wiring is connected to at least one of the positive electrode terminal 25 of the battery cell 22 with the highest potential and the negative electrode terminal 26 of the battery cell 22 with the lowest potential.

[0035] 2, the multiple battery stacks 21 are aligned in the X direction. In one of two battery stacks 21 adjacent to each other in the X direction, the positive electrode terminal 25 of the battery cell 22 with the highest potential is connected to the negative electrode terminal 26 of the battery cell 22 with the lowest potential in the other battery stack 21 via a predetermined wiring. In this way, the multiple battery stacks 21 are connected in series.

[0036] With this connection structure, one of the two battery stacks 21 located at the ends of the multiple battery stacks 21 lined up in the X direction becomes the highest potential side, and the other becomes the lowest potential side. In the battery stack 21 on the highest potential side, an output terminal is connected to the positive electrode terminal 25 of the battery cell 22 with the highest potential among the multiple battery cells 22. In the battery stack 21 on the lowest potential side, an output terminal is connected to the negative electrode terminal 26 of the battery cell 22 with the lowest potential among the multiple battery cells 22. These two output terminals are connected to electrical devices mounted on the vehicle 10, such as the PCU 12.

[0037] Two adjacent battery stacks 21 in the X direction may not be electrically connected via a predetermined wiring. Any two of the multiple battery stacks 21 arranged in the X direction may be electrically connected via a predetermined wiring. The positions in the Y direction of the positive electrode terminal 25 and the negative electrode terminal 26 electrically connected via the predetermined wiring may be equal or different. That is, the positive electrode terminal 25 and the negative electrode terminal 26 may at least partially face each other in the X direction, or may not face each other at all. At least a part of the positive electrode terminal 25 and the negative electrode terminal 26 may be located in the projection area of ​​the other in the X direction, or may not be located at all.

[0038] The busbar cover 27 is made of an electrically insulating material such as resin. The busbar cover 27 is provided linearly from one end of the battery stack 21 to the other end along the Y direction so as to cover the multiple busbars 24. The busbar cover 27 may have a partition wall. The partition wall improves the insulation between two busbars 24 adjacent to each other in the Y direction.

[0039] The monitoring device 30 is provided for each of the battery stacks 21. As shown in FIG. 2, the monitoring device 30 is disposed between a pair of busbar units 23 in each battery stack 21. The monitoring device 30 faces the protruding end faces of the positive electrode terminal 25 and the negative electrode terminal 26 of the battery case in the Z direction. The monitoring device 30 and these end faces may be spaced apart in the Z direction, or may face each other and be in contact with each other in the Z direction. An intermediary such as an insulating sheet may be provided between the monitoring device 30 and these end faces.

[0040] The monitoring device 30 is fixed to the busbar unit 23 with screws or the like. The monitoring device 30 is configured to be able to wirelessly communicate with the control device 40, as described below. An antenna 37, which is provided in the monitoring device 30 and will be described later, is disposed so as not to overlap with the busbar unit 23 in the Z direction, that is, so as to protrude further than the busbar unit 23 in the Z direction.

[0041] In order to avoid interference with wireless communication, for example, a non-magnetic material may be used as the material of the connecting members such as the screws that connect the monitoring device 30 and the busbar unit 23. In addition to the screws, non-magnetic materials may be used as the constituent materials of the parts provided in the battery stack 21 that do not need to be magnetic.

[0042] In this embodiment, the multiple monitoring devices 30 are lined up in the X direction. The multiple monitoring devices 30 are positioned at the same positions in the Y direction. Due to the above-described configuration, the distance between the multiple monitoring devices 30 is prevented from increasing.

[0043] The control device 40 is attached to the outer surface of the battery stack 21 arranged at one end in the X direction. The control device 40 is configured to be able to wirelessly communicate with each monitoring device 30. An antenna 42 (described later) provided in the control device 40 is arranged at approximately the same height in the Z direction as an antenna 37 of the monitoring device 30. In other words, the antenna 42 of the control device 40 is arranged to protrude further than the busbar unit 23 in the Z direction.

[0044] In the battery pack 11, the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 provide a battery management system 60, which will be described later.

[0045] In order to prevent the battery pack 11 from becoming a source of electromagnetic noise, it is necessary to prevent radio waves from leaking outside the space (communication space) in which wireless communication is performed between the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40. Conversely, in order to prevent this wireless communication from being disrupted, it is necessary to prevent electromagnetic noise from entering the communication space.

[0046] For this reason, the housing 50 has, for example, the ability to reflect electromagnetic waves. The housing 50 is provided with the materials shown below as examples in order to reflect electromagnetic waves. For example, the housing 50 is provided with a magnetic material such as a metal. The housing 50 is provided with a resin material and a magnetic material covering the surface of the resin material. The housing 50 is provided with a resin material and a magnetic material embedded therein. The housing 50 is provided with carbon fiber. The housing 50 may have the ability to absorb electromagnetic waves instead of the ability to reflect electromagnetic waves.

[0047] The housing 50 may have a hole that communicates with the storage space inside and the space outside (external space). The hole is defined by a connecting surface between the inner surface and the outer surface of the housing 50. The hole is used for ventilation, taking out power lines, taking out signal lines, etc. In the case of a configuration having a hole, a cover may be provided for the hole. The cover prevents communication between the storage space and the external space. The cover may block the entire hole or may block only a part of the hole.

[0048] The cover is provided, for example, on any one of the inner surface, the outer surface, and the connecting surface of the housing 50. The cover may be disposed opposite the hole in a manner that covers the hole without being provided on any of the inner surface, the outer surface, and the connecting surface. When the cover and the hole are spaced apart, the distance between them is shorter than the length of the hole. The length of the hole is either the distance between the inner surface and the outer surface, or the distance in a direction perpendicular to this distance.

[0049] The covering portion is, for example, a connector, an electromagnetic shielding member, a sealing material, etc. The covering portion comprises the following materials, examples of which are shown below: The covering portion comprises a magnetic material, such as a metal. The covering portion comprises a resin material and a magnetic material covering the surface of the resin material. The covering portion comprises a resin material and a magnetic material embedded therein. The covering portion comprises carbon fiber. The covering portion contains a resin material.

[0050] The hole in the housing 50 may be covered by at least one of the elements contained in the storage space of the housing 50. The distance between the contained object and the hole is shorter than the length of the hole. In addition, the power line and the signal line may be arranged across the storage space and the external space while being held by an electrically insulating member that forms part of the wall of the housing 50.

[0051] <Battery management system> Next, a schematic configuration of the battery management system will be described with reference to Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the battery management system.

[0052] As shown in Fig. 4, the battery management system 60 includes a plurality of monitoring devices (SBM) 30 and a control device (ECU) 40. Hereinafter, the monitoring devices may be referred to as SBMs. The control device 40 may be referred to as a battery ECU, BMU, etc. BMU is an abbreviation for Battery Management Unit. The battery management system 60 is a system that manages batteries using wireless communication. This wireless communication uses a frequency band used in short-range communication, such as the 2.4 GHz band or the 5 GHz band.

[0053] The battery management system 60 employs one-to-one communication or network communication depending on the number of nodes for wireless communication by the monitoring device 30 and / or the control device 40. The number of nodes may change depending on the hibernation state of the monitoring device 30 and / or the control device 40. When the number of nodes is two, the battery management system 60 employs one-to-one communication. When the number of nodes is three or more, the battery management system 60 employs network communication. One form of network communication is star communication, in which one node is a master and the remaining nodes are slaves, and wireless communication is performed between the master and all of the slaves. Another form of network communication is chain communication, in which multiple nodes are connected in series and wireless communication is performed. Another form of network communication is mesh communication.

[0054] The battery management system 60 further includes a sensor 70. The sensor 70 includes a physical quantity detection sensor and a discrimination sensor that detect the physical quantity of each battery cell 22. The physical quantity detection sensor includes, for example, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and a current sensor.

[0055] The voltage sensor includes detection wiring connected to the bus bar 24. The voltage sensor detects the voltage (cell voltage) of each of the multiple battery cells 22. The discrimination sensor discriminates whether or not a correct battery is attached.

[0056] The temperature sensor is selectively provided in some of the multiple battery cells 22 included in the battery stack 21. The temperature sensor detects the temperature (cell temperature) of the selected battery cell 22 as the temperature of the battery stack 21. The temperature sensor is provided in a battery cell 22 that is expected to have the highest temperature, a battery cell 22 that is expected to have the lowest temperature, a battery cell 22 that is expected to have an intermediate temperature, or the like, among the multiple battery cells 22 included in one battery stack 21. The number of temperature sensors for one battery stack 21 is not particularly limited.

[0057] A current sensor is provided in each of the multiple battery stacks 21. The current sensor detects a current (cell current) flowing commonly through each of the multiple battery cells 22 connected in series and the multiple battery stacks 21 connected in series. In this embodiment, since all the battery stacks 21 are connected in series, one current sensor is provided, but the number of current sensors is not limited to this example.

[0058] <Monitoring device> First, the monitoring device 30 will be described. The configuration of each monitoring device 30 is the same. The monitoring device 30 includes a power supply circuit (PSC) 31, a multiplexer (MUX) 32, a monitoring IC (MIC) 33, a microcomputer (MC) 34, a wireless IC (WIC) 35, a front-end circuit (FE) 36, and an antenna (ANT) 37. Communication between the elements in the monitoring device 30 is performed by wire.

[0059] The power supply circuit 31 generates operating power for other circuit elements included in the monitoring device 30, using the voltage supplied from the battery stack 21. In this embodiment, the power supply circuit 31 includes power supply circuits 311, 312, and 313. The power supply circuit 311 generates a predetermined voltage using the voltage supplied from the battery stack 21, and supplies the predetermined voltage to the monitoring IC 33. The power supply circuit 312 generates a predetermined voltage using the voltage generated by the power supply circuit 311, and supplies the predetermined voltage to the microcomputer 34. The power supply circuit 313 generates a predetermined voltage using the voltage generated by the power supply circuit 311, and supplies the predetermined voltage to the wireless IC 35.

[0060] The multiplexer 32 is a selection circuit that selects one of at least some of the detection signals of the multiple sensors 70 included in the battery pack 11 and outputs the selected signal. The multiplexer 32 selects (switches) the input according to a selection signal from the monitoring IC 33 and outputs it as one signal.

[0061] The monitoring IC 33 senses (acquires) battery information such as cell voltage and cell temperature, and transmits it to the microcomputer 34. For example, the monitoring IC 33 acquires the cell voltage directly from a voltage sensor, and acquires information such as the cell temperature through the multiplexer 32. The monitoring IC 33 acquires the cell voltage by associating it with which battery cell 22 the value belongs to. In other words, the monitoring IC 33 acquires the cell voltage while distinguishing the cell. The cell current detected by the current sensor may be input to the monitoring IC 33, or may be input to the control device 40 via a wired connection.

[0062] The monitoring IC 33 may be referred to as a cell supervising circuit (CSC). CSC is an abbreviation for Cell Supervising Circuit. The monitoring IC 33 executes a fault diagnosis of the circuit portion of the monitoring device 30 including itself. That is, the monitoring IC 33 transmits battery monitoring information including battery information and fault diagnosis information to the microcomputer 34. The monitoring device 30 may store (preserve) the acquired battery monitoring information in a memory such as the microcomputer 34. When the monitoring IC 33 receives data requesting acquisition of the battery monitoring information transmitted from the microcomputer 34, it senses the battery information and transmits the battery monitoring information including the battery information to the microcomputer 34. In addition to the above examples, the battery monitoring information may include information such as the exhaust gas temperature, impedance, the state of cell voltage equalization, stack voltage, the state of synchronization with the control device 40, and the presence or absence of an abnormality in the detection wiring.

[0063] The microcomputer 34 is a microcomputer equipped with a processor (CPU), memory (ROM and RAM), an input / output interface, and a bus connecting these. The CPU executes various programs stored in the ROM while utilizing the temporary storage function of the RAM, thereby constructing multiple functional units. ROM is an abbreviation for Read Only Memory. RAM is an abbreviation for Random Access Memory.

[0064] The microcomputer 34 controls a schedule for sensing and self-diagnosis by the monitoring IC 33. The microcomputer 34 receives battery monitoring information transmitted from the monitoring IC 33 and transmits it to the wireless IC 35. The microcomputer 34 transmits data requesting acquisition of the battery monitoring information to the monitoring IC 33. For example, when the microcomputer 34 receives data requesting acquisition of the battery monitoring information transmitted from the wireless IC 35, the microcomputer 34 may transmit data requesting acquisition of the battery monitoring information to the monitoring IC 33. The microcomputer 34 may autonomously request the monitoring IC 33 to acquire the battery monitoring information. For example, the microcomputer 34 may periodically request the monitoring IC 33 to acquire the battery monitoring information.

[0065] The wireless IC 35 includes an RF circuit and a microcomputer (not shown) for wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. The microcomputer includes a memory. The wireless IC 35 has a transmitting function of modulating transmission data and oscillating at the frequency of an RF signal. The wireless IC 35 has a receiving function of demodulating received data. RF is an abbreviation for radio frequency.

[0066] The wireless IC 35 modulates the data including the battery monitoring information transmitted from the microcomputer 34, and transmits it to other nodes such as the control device 40 via the front-end circuit 36 ​​and the antenna 37. The wireless IC 35 adds data necessary for wireless communication such as communication control information to the transmission data including the battery monitoring information and transmits it. The data necessary for wireless communication includes, for example, an identifier (ID) and an error detection code. The wireless IC 35 controls the data size, communication format, schedule, error detection, etc. of wireless communication with other nodes.

[0067] The wireless IC 35 receives data transmitted from other nodes via the antenna 37 and the front-end circuit 36 ​​and demodulates the data. When the wireless IC 35 receives data including a request to transmit battery monitoring information, for example, the wireless IC 35 transmits data including the battery monitoring information to other nodes in response to the request. The monitoring device 30 may transmit battery traceability information and / or manufacturing history information to other nodes in addition to the above-mentioned battery monitoring information. The battery traceability information is, for example, the number of charge / discharge cycles, the number of failures, and the total charge / discharge time. The manufacturing history information is, for example, the manufacturing date, location, manufacturer, serial number, and manufacturing number. The manufacturing history information is stored in a memory provided in the monitoring device 30. The monitoring device 30 may transmit the battery traceability information and / or the manufacturing history information to other nodes instead of the battery monitoring information.

[0068] The front-end circuit 36 ​​includes a matching circuit for impedance matching between the wireless IC 35 and the antenna 37, and a filter circuit for removing unnecessary frequency components.

[0069] The antenna 37 converts the electric signal into a radio wave and radiates it into space. The antenna 37 receives the radio wave propagating through space and converts it into an electric signal.

[0070] <Control device> Next, the control device 40 will be described with reference to Fig. 4. The control device 40 includes a power supply circuit (PSC) 41, an antenna (ANT) 42, a front-end circuit (FE) 43, a wireless IC (WIC) 44, a main microcomputer (MMC) 45, and a sub-microcomputer (SMC) 46. Communication between the elements in the control device 40 is performed via wires.

[0071] The power supply circuit 41 generates operating power for other circuit elements included in the control device 40 using a voltage supplied from the battery (BAT) 15. The battery 15 is a DC voltage source mounted on the vehicle 10 and separate from the battery pack 11. The battery 15 is sometimes referred to as an auxiliary battery because it supplies power to the auxiliary devices of the vehicle 10. In this embodiment, the power supply circuit 41 includes power supply circuits 411 and 412. The power supply circuit 411 generates a predetermined voltage using the voltage supplied from the battery 15 and supplies it to the main microcomputer 45 and the sub-microcomputer 46. To simplify the diagram, an electrical connection between the power supply circuit 411 and the sub-microcomputer 46 is omitted. The power supply circuit 412 generates a predetermined voltage using the voltage generated by the power supply circuit 411 and supplies it to the wireless IC 44.

[0072] The antenna 42 converts the electric signal into a radio wave and radiates it into space. The antenna 42 receives the radio wave propagating through space and converts it into an electric signal.

[0073] The front-end circuit 43 has a matching circuit for impedance matching between the wireless IC 44 and the antenna 42, and a filter circuit for removing unnecessary frequency components.

[0074] The wireless IC 44 includes an RF circuit and a microcomputer (not shown) for wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. The wireless IC 44 has a transmitting function and a receiving function, similar to the wireless IC 35. The wireless IC 44 receives data transmitted from the monitoring device 30 via the antenna 42 and the front-end circuit 43, and demodulates the data. Then, the wireless IC 44 transmits data including the battery monitoring information to the main microcomputer 45. The wireless IC 44 receives data transmitted from the main microcomputer 45, modulates the data, and transmits the data to the monitoring device 30 via the front-end circuit 43 and the antenna 42. The wireless IC 44 adds data necessary for wireless communication, such as communication control information, to the transmission data and transmits the data. The data necessary for wireless communication includes, for example, an identifier (ID) and an error detection code. The wireless IC 44 controls the data size, communication format, schedule, error detection, and the like of wireless communication with other nodes.

[0075] The main microcomputer 45 is a microcomputer equipped with a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an input / output interface, and a bus connecting these. The ROM stores various programs executed by the CPU. The main microcomputer 45 generates a command requesting the monitoring device 30 to perform a predetermined process, and transmits transmission data including the command to the wireless IC 44. The main microcomputer 45 generates, for example, a command requesting the transmission of battery monitoring information. The main microcomputer 45 may generate a command requesting the acquisition of battery monitoring information and also requesting the transmission of the battery monitoring information. The request described in this specification may be referred to as an instruction.

[0076] The main microcomputer 45 receives data including the battery monitoring information transmitted from the wireless IC 44, and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information. In this embodiment, the main microcomputer 45 acquires a cell current from a current sensor, and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information and the acquired cell current. For example, the main microcomputer 45 executes a process of transmitting the acquired battery monitoring information to the ECU 14. The main microcomputer 45 may calculate at least one of the internal resistance, open circuit voltage (OCV), SOC, and SOH of the battery cell 22 based on the battery monitoring information, and transmit information including the calculated data to the ECU 14. OCV is an abbreviation for Open Circuit Voltage.

[0077] The main microcomputer 45 performs an estimation process of the internal resistance and open circuit voltage of the battery cell 22, for example, based on the cell voltage and cell current. The open circuit voltage is the cell voltage according to the SOC of the battery cell 22. The open circuit voltage is the cell voltage when no current is flowing. There is a difference between the open circuit voltage and the cell voltage acquired by the monitoring device 30, which is a voltage drop according to the internal resistance and the cell current. The internal resistance changes according to the cell temperature. The lower the cell temperature, the larger the value of the internal resistance. The main microcomputer 45 performs an estimation process of the internal resistance and open circuit voltage of the battery cell 22, for example, taking into account the cell temperature.

[0078] The main microcomputer 45 may instruct the execution of an equalization process for equalizing the voltages of the battery cells 22 based on the battery monitoring information. The main microcomputer 45 may acquire an IG signal of the vehicle 10 and execute the above-mentioned process according to the driving state of the vehicle 10. The main microcomputer 45 may execute a process for detecting an abnormality in the battery cells 22 or circuits based on the battery monitoring information, and may transmit abnormality detection information to the ECU 14.

[0079] The sub-microcomputer 46 is a microcomputer equipped with a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an input / output interface, and a bus connecting these. The ROM stores various programs executed by the CPU. The sub-microcomputer 46 executes monitoring processing within the control device 40. For example, the sub-microcomputer 46 may monitor data between the wireless IC 44 and the main microcomputer 45. The sub-microcomputer 46 may monitor the status of the main microcomputer 45. The sub-microcomputer 46 may monitor the status of the wireless IC 44.

[0080] <Wireless communication> Next, wireless communication between the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 will be described with reference to Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a communication sequence between the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40. The communication sequence may be referred to as a communication flow. In Fig. 5, the monitoring IC 33 is indicated as MIC 33, the wireless IC 35 as WIC 35, and the control device 40 as ECU 40. The processing of the control device 40 shown below is specifically processing executed by the wireless IC 44 and the main microcomputer 45.

[0081] The battery management system 60 of this embodiment performs star-type network communication when the number of nodes is three or more. That is, the control device 40 performs wireless communication with each of the multiple monitoring devices 30. For convenience, wireless communication between one monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 will be described below, but the control device 40 performs similar processing with all of the monitoring devices 30.

[0082] To perform wireless communication, the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 first execute a connection process (step S10) as shown in Fig. 5. In step S10, the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 establish a connection for wireless communication.

[0083] The monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 execute a connection process, for example, at startup. The startup is, for example, when operating power is supplied. In a configuration in which power is constantly supplied from the battery stack 21 or the battery 15, startup occurs during the manufacturing process of the vehicle 10 or after parts are replaced at a repair shop. The startup may also be when a startup signal, such as an IG signal or an SMR on signal, is supplied. For example, startup occurs when the IG signal is switched from off to on by a user's operation. At startup, a connection process is executed between the control device 40 and all of the monitoring devices 30 that are targets for connection in wireless communication with the control device 40. SMR is an abbreviation for System Main Relay. The SMR is provided on a power line connecting the battery pack 11 and the PCU 12, and electrically connects the battery pack 11 and the PCU 12 when it is on, and disconnects them when it is off.

[0084] When the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 are disconnected, they execute a connection process. That is, they execute a reconnection. The control device 40 executes a reconnection with the disconnected monitoring device 30 while continuing data communication with the remaining connected monitoring devices 30. For example, a disconnection occurs due to a deterioration in the communication environment.

[0085] The connection process includes, for example, a connection establishment process and a pairing process. In the connection establishment process, for example, the control device 40 executes a scan operation, and the monitoring device 30 executes an advertising operation. In the pairing process, unique information is exchanged between the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 to encrypt communication.

[0086] When the connection process is completed, the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 execute a periodic communication process. The monitoring device 30 performs data communication with the control device 40 on a regular (periodic) basis. In this periodic communication process, the control device 40 first transmits request data to the monitoring device 30 with which the connection process has been completed (step S20). The request data includes, for example, a request to acquire battery monitoring information and to transmit the acquired battery monitoring information. The request data may further include a retransmission request. When requesting retransmission of the battery monitoring information held by the monitoring device 30, the control device 40 transmits request data including the retransmission request. The retransmission request may be for all battery monitoring information held by the monitoring device 30, or may be for specific battery monitoring information.

[0087] The request data includes communication establishment information in addition to the above-mentioned request. The communication establishment information, as described below, is information on whether transmission and reception with the monitoring device 30 has been established or not. When a retransmission request is made each time communication is not established, the communication establishment information may also serve as the retransmission request.

[0088] After transmitting the request data, the control device 40 then senses the cell current (step S21). The control device 40 of this embodiment obtains the cell current from a current sensor via a wire. In step S21, the control device 40 obtains the value of the cell current at approximately the same timing as the monitoring device 30 senses the cell voltage, etc.

[0089] When the wireless IC 35 of the monitoring device 30 receives the request data, it determines whether to retain the battery monitoring information based on the communication establishment information (step S22). In step S22, if the previous transmission and reception was successful, the wireless IC 35 deletes the previous battery monitoring information for which communication was established. Deletion is performed only if communication was established. If communication was not established, the battery monitoring information included in the previous response data is not deleted and continues to be retained. In this way, the wireless IC 35 determines whether to retain or delete the battery monitoring information.

[0090] Furthermore, when receiving the request data, the wireless IC 35 transmits an acquisition request for the battery monitoring information, that is, an acquisition instruction, to the monitoring IC 33 (step S23). The wireless IC 35 of the present embodiment transmits the acquisition request to the monitoring IC 33 via the microcomputer .

[0091] When the monitoring IC 33 receives the acquisition request, it executes sensing (step S24). The monitoring IC 33 executes sensing and acquires battery information of each battery cell 22. The battery information includes cell voltage, cell temperature, etc. The monitoring IC 33 also executes fault diagnosis of the circuits that constitute the monitoring device 30.

[0092] Next, the monitoring IC 33 transmits the acquired battery monitoring information to the wireless IC 35 (step S25). In this embodiment, the monitoring IC 33 transmits the battery monitoring information including the failure diagnosis result together with the battery information to the wireless IC 35 via the microcomputer .

[0093] When the wireless IC 35 receives the battery monitoring information acquired by the monitoring IC 33, it holds this battery monitoring information (step S26). The wireless IC 35 holds (stores) the battery monitoring information in a memory such as a RAM or a buffer. The wireless IC 35 holds the battery monitoring information until it is deleted, for example, in the process of step S22. The wireless IC 35 may delete (reset) the battery monitoring information, for example, at predetermined time intervals. The wireless IC 35 may execute a reset at predetermined time intervals in response to an instruction from the control device 40. For example, the reset instruction is included in the request data, and the reset is executed in step S22.

[0094] Next, the wireless IC 35 transmits data including at least the currently acquired battery monitoring information to the control device 40 as response data to the request data of step S20 (step S27). When the monitoring device 30 acquires a retransmission request as request data, it also transmits the battery monitoring information corresponding to the retransmission request as response data to the control device 40. In other words, when retransmitting, the currently acquired battery monitoring information and the battery monitoring information acquired and held before the previous time are transmitted as response data.

[0095] The control device 40 executes a determination as to whether transmission and reception have been established (step S28). The control device 40 determines whether response data, i.e., battery monitoring information, has been received within one predetermined transmission and reception cycle, and reflects this determination result in communication establishment information for request data to be transmitted next time. The communication establishment information may include information indicating communication establishment upon receipt of battery monitoring information and / or communication failure upon failure of reception. Even if only one of information indicating communication establishment and information indicating communication failure is included, the wireless IC 35 can determine whether the previous transmission and reception was established.

[0096] The control device 40 then executes a retransmission determination (step S29). When the control device 40 determines that there is non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, it includes a retransmission request for the non-establishment information in the request data to be transmitted next time. For example, the control device 40 may determine that retransmission is necessary each time it determines that communication has not been established. In other words, it may request that the battery monitoring information that failed to be received this time be retransmitted at the next timing. In this case, the establishment determination process in step S28 may also serve as the retransmission determination process in step S29. The control device 40 may determine that retransmission is necessary when a certain condition described later is satisfied, and that retransmission is not necessary when the condition is not satisfied.

[0097] The battery management system 60 repeatedly executes the processes of steps S20 to S29 described above at a predetermined cycle.

[0098] Next, the control device 40 executes a predetermined process based on the received battery monitoring information (step S30). The predetermined process may include a process executed based on the battery monitoring information received during a predetermined sampling period. The predetermined process may include a process executed every time the control device 40 acquires the battery monitoring information. The control device 40 of the present embodiment executes one of the processes to estimate the internal resistance and / or the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery cell 22.

[0099] Although an example has been shown in which the monitoring device 30 acquires the battery monitoring information based on an acquisition request from the control device 40, the present invention is not limited to this. The monitoring device 30 may autonomously acquire the battery monitoring information and transmit the battery monitoring information to the control device 40 based on a transmission request from the control device 40. This makes it unnecessary to perform the process of step S23 in response to the acquisition request. Furthermore, the control device 40 may execute the sensing process of step S21 using the sensing process of step S24 autonomously executed by the monitoring device 30 as a trigger.

[0100] In short, it is only necessary that the battery monitoring information acquired by the monitoring device 30 and the wired information acquired by the control device 40 via a wired connection, which are information used by the control device 40 for a predetermined process, are acquired at approximately the same timing.

[0101] <Internal resistance and open circuit voltage> As described above, there is a difference between the open circuit voltage (OCV), which is the actual cell voltage according to the SOC of the battery cell 22, and the cell voltage acquired (detected) by the monitoring device 30, which is a voltage drop according to the internal resistance of the battery cell 22 and the cell current flowing through the battery cell 22. In the following, the cell voltage acquired by the monitoring device 30 may be referred to as the closed circuit voltage (CCV). CCV is an abbreviation for Closed Circuit Voltage. The open circuit voltage may be referred to as the open circuit voltage.

[0102] As shown in Fig. 6, the closed circuit voltage CCV and the open circuit voltage OCV have a relationship of CCV = OCV ± I × R. In Fig. 6, the horizontal axis is the cell current I, the vertical axis is the closed circuit voltage CCV, the slope is the internal resistance R, and the intercept is the open circuit voltage OCV. When the battery cell 22 is discharging, the closed circuit voltage CCV and the open circuit voltage OCV have a relationship of CCV = OCV - I × R. Similarly, when the battery cell 22 is charging, they have a relationship of CCV = OCV + I × R. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing IV characteristics.

[0103] The control device 40 estimates the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage using multiple pieces of battery information obtained during a predetermined sampling period. This estimation process is executed in the process of step S30 described above. The battery information includes at least the cell voltage (CCV) obtained by the monitoring device 30 and the cell current obtained by the control device 40. The control device 40 estimates the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage by calculation, for example, using the least squares method. To calculate the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage using the least squares method, it is necessary to obtain data several to several tens of times (predetermined number of times) over a period of, for example, a dozen or so cycles to several tens of cycles (predetermined period). The control device 40 estimates the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage for each battery cell 22.

[0104] <Resend request> The control device 40 of this embodiment determines whether there is any non-established information that needs to be acquired based on at least the cell voltage out of the cell voltage (CCV) acquired from the monitoring device 30 by wireless communication and the cell current acquired by wired communication. For example, when the acquired cell voltage satisfies a predetermined condition, the control device 40 determines that there is non-established information that needs to be acquired, that is, retransmission is necessary. For example, when the acquired cell voltage and cell current satisfy a predetermined condition, the control device 40 determines that retransmission is necessary. The control device 40 includes a retransmission request for the non-established information that needs to be acquired in the request data for the next timing determined.

[0105] Next, with reference to Figs. 7 to 10, several examples of retransmission requests made by the control device 40 will be described. In Figs. 7 to 10, ◯ (circle symbol) indicates data acquisition, and × (cross or X symbol) indicates data loss. Data acquisition means acquisition of both cell voltage and cell current data sensed at approximately the same timing. As described above, cell current is acquired via a wire, so basically no data loss occurs. Data loss means loss of battery monitoring information including cell voltage (failure to transmit and receive). Loss is sometimes referred to as loss.

[0106] As an example, when the control device 40 is unable to acquire the cell voltage corresponding to the maximum value Imax and / or the minimum value Imin of the acquired multiple cell currents, the control device 40 determines that there is non-establishment information that needs to be acquired. Then, the control device 40 may request retransmission of the non-establishment information including the cell voltage corresponding to the maximum value Imax and / or the minimum value Imin.

[0107] 7, for example, the cell voltages corresponding to the maximum value Imax and minimum value Imin of the multiple cell currents acquired during a predetermined sampling period cannot be acquired. The control device 40 requests retransmission of the non-establishment information including the cell voltage corresponding to the maximum value Imax and the non-establishment information including the cell voltage corresponding to the minimum value Imin.

[0108] When the control device 40 acquires the cell voltage corresponding to the maximum value Imax and the cell voltage corresponding to the minimum value Imin through retransmission, the number of measurement points used to estimate the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage increases, and the current width ΔIa, which is the difference between the maximum value Imax and the minimum value Imin at the multiple acquired measurement points, increases. This makes it possible to improve the accuracy of estimating the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage using the least squares method or the like.

[0109] The maximum value Imax and the minimum value Imin of the cell current are not limited to the maximum and minimum values ​​of the multiple cell currents that are predominant during the sampling period. For example, they may be the maximum value Imax and the minimum value Imin of the multiple cell currents during the sampling period.

[0110] As another example, when the interval between adjacent cell currents corresponding to the cell voltages acquired during the sampling period is wider than a predetermined value due to the presence of non-established information, the control device 40 determines that there is non-established information that needs to be acquired. Then, the control device 40 may request retransmission of the non-established information.

[0111] In Fig. 8, there is a portion where the current interval ΔIb between adjacent data is wider than a predetermined value due to a missing cell voltage. In this case, the control device 40 requests retransmission of the missing cell voltage (non-establishment information) between data having a current interval ΔIb.

[0112] By retransmitting the signal, the number of measurement points used to estimate the internal resistance and / or the open circuit voltage increases and the current width ΔIb decreases, thereby improving the accuracy of estimating the internal resistance and / or the open circuit voltage using the least squares method or the like.

[0113] As another example, when the number of pieces of battery monitoring information acquired during a sampling period does not reach a predetermined number, the control device 40 determines that there is non-establishment information that needs to be acquired. Then, the control device 40 may request retransmission of at least a part of the non-establishment information acquired during the sampling period.

[0114] 9, four pieces of data are missing from ten measurement points. For example, the control device 40 may select any two pieces of non-establishment information that need to be acquired and request retransmission so that the number of pieces of acquired data becomes eight or more.

[0115] By retransmission, the number of measurement points used when estimating the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage increases. This makes it possible to improve the accuracy of estimating the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage using the least squares method or the like. Note that, instead of the number of acquisitions, retransmission may be requested when the acquisition rate for the number of measurement points has not been reached. Retransmission may also be requested so that the number of missing points is less than a predetermined value, or so that the missing rate for the number of measurement points is less than a threshold value. In either case, the same effect can be achieved.

[0116] The predetermined number for determining the presence or absence of non-establishment information, that is, the threshold value, may be a fixed value (constant value), or may be set based on a parameter related to the state of the battery cell 22 acquired by the control device 40. For example, the control device 40 may set the threshold value (predetermined number) based on a voltage range ΔV calculated from the cell voltage. When the voltage range ΔV is large, the estimation accuracy can be increased even if there are many cell voltage drops, so the control device 40 sets a large value as the threshold value. When the voltage range ΔV is small, the accuracy decreases if there are many cell voltage drops, so the control device 40 sets a small value as the threshold value. In this way, a value according to the state of the battery cell 22 can be set as the threshold value. This makes it possible to improve the frequency of estimation of the internal resistance and / or the open circuit voltage while ensuring estimation accuracy that does not affect the control of the battery cell 22 according to the state of the battery cell 22.

[0117] The control device 40 may set the threshold value based on the current width ΔI. When the current width ΔI is large, the accuracy of the estimation by the least squares method is higher than when the current width ΔI is small with the same number of data. In other words, it is easier to draw an approximate straight line. Therefore, similar to the voltage width ΔV, when the current width ΔI is large, a large value should be set as the threshold value, and when the current width ΔI is small, a small value should be set as the threshold value.

[0118] The control device 40 may set the threshold value based on the cell temperature. The lower the cell temperature, the greater the internal resistance. In other words, the lower the cell temperature, the greater the voltage difference ΔV. Therefore, a large value may be set as the threshold value when the cell temperature is low, and a small value may be set as the threshold value when the cell temperature is high. The control device 40 may set the threshold value based on the SOC. When the SOC fluctuates, the open circuit voltage also tends to fluctuate, and the voltage difference ΔV becomes large. Therefore, a large value may be set as the threshold value when the amount of fluctuation in the SOC is large, and a small value may be set as the threshold value when the amount of fluctuation in the SOC is small.

[0119] As another example, the control device 40 determines that there is non-established information that needs to be acquired when the voltage width ΔV from the maximum value Vmax to the minimum value Vmin in the multiple cell voltages acquired during the sampling period is less than a predetermined width. Then, the control device 40 may request retransmission of at least a part of the non-established information during the sampling period.

[0120] In Fig. 10, the voltage width ΔV, which is the difference between the maximum value Vmax and the minimum value Vmin, is smaller than a predetermined width. When the missing data shown in Fig. 10 is acquired by retransmission, the voltage width ΔV becomes larger. Since the number of measurement points used to estimate the internal resistance and / or the open circuit voltage increases and the voltage width ΔV becomes larger, the estimation accuracy of the internal resistance and / or the open circuit voltage by the least squares method or the like can be improved.

[0121] The internal resistance of the battery cell 22 has a characteristic that the lower the temperature, the larger the value. As a result, the higher the temperature, the smaller the fluctuation in cell voltage relative to the cell current. Therefore, the value of the predetermined width compared to the voltage width ΔV may be changed according to the temperature. Since the higher the cell temperature, the smaller the error relative to the current, the predetermined width may be smaller when the cell temperature is high than when the cell temperature is low.

[0122] As another example, the control device 40 determines that there is non-establishment information that needs to be acquired when the control device 40 has not been able to acquire the maximum and / or minimum values ​​of the cell voltages of all the battery cells 22 included in the battery pack 11. Then, the control device 40 may request retransmission of the non-establishment information including the maximum and / or minimum values.

[0123] The control device 40 determines the maximum and minimum values ​​of the cell voltages of all the battery cells 22 from the most recently acquired data. The most recently acquired data may be the previous values ​​or the average value of the most recently acquired several values. If the maximum and / or minimum values ​​of the cell voltages of all the battery cells 22 are missing from the currently acquired data, the control device 40 requests retransmission. By retransmission, it is possible to quickly detect (estimate) the resistance value that leads to overcharging or overdischarging.

[0124] <Summary of Battery Management System> In this embodiment, the monitoring device 30 holds non-establishment information, which is battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40. The monitoring device 30 then resends the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted, thereby making it possible to prevent loss of battery monitoring information.

[0125] In this embodiment, the control device 40 obtains battery monitoring information from the monitoring device 30 via wireless communication, and obtains wired information, which is information indicating the state of the battery, via wired communication without going through a monitoring device. The control device 40 then executes a predetermined process based on the obtained battery monitoring information and wired information. There is basically no loss of information in the wired information. Therefore, it is possible to request the retransmission of specific non-established information (battery monitoring information) in the correspondence relationship with the wired information.

[0126] Particularly in this embodiment, the monitoring device 30 acquires at least the cell voltage, which is the voltage of each of the multiple battery cells that make up the battery, as the battery monitoring information. The control device 40 acquires the battery monitoring information including the cell voltage from the monitoring device, and acquires the cell current flowing through the battery cell as wired information. Then, as a predetermined process, the control device 40 executes a process of estimating the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage of the battery cell based on the acquired battery monitoring information including the cell voltage and the cell current. By retransmitting the non-established information, at least the number of measurement points increases, and therefore it is possible to improve the estimation accuracy of the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage.

[0127] In this embodiment, the control device 40 determines whether or not there is non-established information that needs to be acquired based on at least the cell voltage out of the acquired cell voltage and cell current, and requests the monitoring device to resend the non-established information that needs to be acquired. The monitoring device 30 resends the non-established information in response to the request from the control device 40. Since the control device 40 can acquire the necessary non-established information, the estimation accuracy can be further improved.

[0128] The control device 40 may acquire the cell voltage and cell current from the monitoring device 30 by wireless communication, and execute a process of estimating the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage of the battery cell 22 based on the battery monitoring information including the acquired cell voltage and cell current. The monitoring device 30 holds the cell voltage and cell current as non-established information, and retransmits them the next time or later the battery monitoring information is transmitted. This makes it possible to prevent loss of battery monitoring information. By retransmitting the non-established information including the cell voltage and cell current, it is possible to improve the estimation accuracy of the internal resistance and / or open circuit voltage.

[0129] <Inspection system> The above-described assembled battery 20 (battery cells 22) is inspected (diagnosed) by inspection equipment 80 while removed from the vehicle 10, and a determination is made as to whether it can be reused. As shown in Fig. 11, the inspection equipment 80 constructs an inspection system 90 together with a battery management system 60 that has been removed from the vehicle 10 together with the assembled battery 20, and inspects the assembled battery 20. The inspection system 90 includes at least one battery management system 60 that has been removed from the vehicle 10, and the inspection equipment 80.

[0130] Although the inspection of the battery cells 22 by the inspection equipment 80 may be performed on a battery management system 60 basis, it is more efficient to perform the inspection collectively for a plurality of battery management systems 60. In the example shown in Fig. 11, the inspection system 90 includes three battery management systems 60 (60A, 60B, 60C), and the inspection equipment 80 collectively inspects the battery cells 22 corresponding to the battery management systems 60A, 60B, 60C.

[0131] In the inspection system 90, the inspection equipment 80 wirelessly communicates with each of the monitoring devices 30 and acquires battery monitoring information for inspection. This battery monitoring information includes at least the battery information and fault diagnosis information described above. The inspection equipment 80 inspects the deterioration state and / or abnormality of the battery cells 22 and determines whether or not they can be reused based on the inspection results. The inspection equipment 80 determines whether the battery cells 22 (battery pack 20) ​​should be reused or recycled. The inspection equipment 80 may be called an inspection tool, a diagnostic device, an external device, etc.

[0132] The battery management system 60 may include at least the monitoring device 30 and the sensor 70 when removed from the vehicle 10 together with the battery pack 20. In other words, the battery management system 60 may be configured to transmit battery monitoring information to the inspection equipment 80 by wireless communication. Therefore, the battery management system 60 may not include the housing 50, and may not include the control device 40. Of course, the battery management system 60 may have the same configuration as when mounted on the vehicle. When the control device 40 is not included, the inspection equipment 80 may obtain the cell current from a current sensor.

[0133] <Testing method> The inspection equipment 80 wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device 30 while the battery pack 20 is connected to a load (not shown), i.e., while current is being applied to the load, to obtain battery monitoring information and inspect (diagnose) the deterioration state and abnormalities of the battery cells 22. Then, based on the inspection results, it determines whether or not the battery can be reused.

[0134] 12 shows an example of a communication sequence between the monitoring device 30 included in the battery management system 60 of the present embodiment and the inspection equipment 80. In FIG. 12, the monitoring device 30 is shown as SBM30, the monitoring IC 33 is shown as MIC33, the wireless IC 35 is shown as WIC35, and the inspection equipment 80 is shown as IE80.

[0135] The inspection system 90 performs, for example, star-type network communication. That is, the inspection equipment 80 performs wireless communication with each of the multiple monitoring devices 30. For convenience, wireless communication between one monitoring device 30 and the inspection equipment 80 will be described below, but the inspection equipment 80 performs similar processing with all of the monitoring devices 30. The monitoring device 30 and the inspection equipment 80 perform wireless communication in the same procedure as the monitoring device 30 and the control device 40 shown in FIG. 5. In FIG. 12, the step numbers related to the step numbers shown in FIG. 5 are shown with 100 added.

[0136] To perform wireless communication, the monitoring device 30 and the inspection device 80 first execute a connection process (step S110) as shown in Fig. 12. In step S110, the monitoring device 30 and the inspection device 80 establish a connection for wireless communication. The connection process includes, for example, a connection establishment process. In the connection establishment process, for example, the inspection device 80 executes a scan operation, and the monitoring device 30 executes an advertising operation.

[0137] When the connection process is completed, the inspection equipment 80 executes a periodic communication process with the monitoring device 30 to periodically acquire the inspection data. The monitoring device 30 performs data communication with the inspection equipment 80 periodically (periodically). In this periodic communication process, the inspection equipment 80 first transmits request data to the monitoring device 30 with which the connection process has been completed (step S120). The request data includes, for example, a request to acquire battery monitoring information and to transmit the acquired battery monitoring information. The request data may further include a retransmission request. When the inspection equipment 80 requests the monitoring device 30 to retransmit the battery monitoring information held by the monitoring device 30, it transmits request data including the retransmission request. The retransmission request may be for all battery monitoring information held by the monitoring device 30, or may be for specific battery monitoring information.

[0138] The request data includes communication establishment information in addition to the above-mentioned request. The communication establishment information, as described below, is information on whether transmission and reception with the monitoring device 30 has been established or not. When a retransmission request is made each time communication is not established, the communication establishment information may also serve as the retransmission request.

[0139] After transmitting the request data, the testing equipment 80 then senses the cell current (step S121). The testing equipment 80 acquires the cell current from a current sensor via a wire. In step S121, the testing equipment 80 acquires the value of the cell current at approximately the same timing as the monitoring device 30 senses the cell voltage, etc.

[0140] When the wireless IC 35 of the monitoring device 30 receives the request data, it determines whether to retain the battery monitoring information based on the communication establishment information (step S122). In step S122, if the previous transmission and reception was successful, the wireless IC 35 deletes the previous battery monitoring information for which communication was established. Deletion is performed only if communication was established. If communication was not established, the battery monitoring information included in the previous response data is not deleted and continues to be retained. In this manner, the wireless IC 35 determines whether to retain or delete the battery monitoring information.

[0141] Furthermore, when receiving the request data, the wireless IC 35 transmits an acquisition request for the battery monitoring information, that is, an acquisition instruction, to the monitoring IC 33 (step S123). The wireless IC 35 of the present embodiment transmits the acquisition request to the monitoring IC 33 via the microcomputer .

[0142] When the monitoring IC 33 receives the acquisition request, it executes sensing (step S124). The monitoring IC 33 executes sensing and acquires battery information of each battery cell 22. The battery information includes cell voltage, cell temperature, etc. The monitoring IC 33 also executes fault diagnosis of the circuits that constitute the monitoring device 30.

[0143] Next, the monitoring IC 33 transmits the acquired battery monitoring information to the wireless IC 35 (step S125). In this embodiment, the monitoring IC 33 transmits the battery monitoring information including the failure diagnosis result together with the battery information to the wireless IC 35 via the microcomputer .

[0144] When the wireless IC 35 receives the battery monitoring information acquired by the monitoring IC 33, it holds this battery monitoring information (step S126). The wireless IC 35 holds (stores) the battery monitoring information in a memory such as a RAM or a buffer. The wireless IC 35 holds the battery monitoring information until it is deleted, for example, in the process of step S122. The wireless IC 35 may delete (reset) the battery monitoring information, for example, at predetermined time intervals. The wireless IC 35 may execute a reset at predetermined time intervals in response to an instruction from the inspection equipment 80. For example, the reset instruction is included in the request data, and the reset is executed in step S122.

[0145] Next, the wireless IC 35 transmits data including at least the currently acquired battery monitoring information to the inspection equipment 80 as response data to the request data of step S120 (step S127). When the monitoring device 30 receives a retransmission request as request data, it also transmits the battery monitoring information corresponding to the retransmission request as response data to the inspection equipment 80. In other words, when retransmitting, the currently acquired battery monitoring information and the battery monitoring information acquired and held before the previous time are transmitted as response data.

[0146] The inspection equipment 80 executes a judgment as to whether transmission and reception was successful (step S128). The inspection equipment 80 judges whether response data, i.e., battery monitoring information, has been received within one predetermined transmission and reception cycle, and reflects this judgment result in communication establishment information of the request data to be transmitted next time. The communication establishment information may include information indicating communication establishment upon receipt of battery monitoring information and / or communication failure upon failure of reception. Even if only one of information indicating communication establishment and information indicating communication failure is included, the wireless IC 35 can judge whether the previous transmission and reception was successful or not.

[0147] The inspection equipment 80 then executes a retransmission decision (step S129). When the inspection equipment 80 determines that there is non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, it includes a retransmission request for the non-establishment information in the request data to be transmitted next time. The inspection equipment 80 may determine that retransmission is necessary each time it determines that communication has not been established. In other words, it may request that the battery monitoring information that was not successfully received this time be retransmitted at the next timing. In this case, the establishment decision process in step S128 may also serve as the retransmission decision process in step S129. The inspection equipment 80 may determine that retransmission is necessary when the predetermined conditions shown in Figs. 7 to 10 and the like are satisfied, and that retransmission is not necessary when the conditions are not satisfied.

[0148] The inspection system 90 repeatedly executes the processes of steps S120 to S129 described above at a predetermined cycle.

[0149] Next, the inspection equipment 80 executes a predetermined process based on the received battery monitoring information (step S130). The predetermined process may include a process executed based on the battery monitoring information received during a predetermined sampling period. The predetermined process may include a process executed every time the inspection equipment 80 acquires battery monitoring information.

[0150] The inspection equipment 80 inspects the deterioration state of the battery cells 22 by estimating the internal resistance and SOH of the battery cells 22 based on, for example, a cell voltage and a cell current acquired during a predetermined period. The inspection equipment 80 inspects the battery cells 22 and the monitoring device 30 for abnormalities based on, for example, fault diagnosis information. When inspecting battery packs 20 corresponding to a plurality of battery management systems 60 collectively, the plurality of battery packs 20 (battery stacks 21) are, for example, connected in series.

[0151] Although an example has been shown in which the monitoring device 30 acquires the battery monitoring information based on an acquisition request from the inspection equipment 80, the present invention is not limited to this. The monitoring device 30 may autonomously acquire the battery monitoring information and transmit the battery monitoring information to the inspection equipment 80 based on a transmission request from the inspection equipment 80. In this case, the processing of step S123 in response to the acquisition request becomes unnecessary. Furthermore, the inspection equipment 80 may execute the sensing processing of step S121 using the sensing processing of step S124 autonomously executed by the monitoring device 30 as a trigger.

[0152] As described above, the monitoring device 30 holds the non-established information, which is the battery monitoring information that was not transmitted or received between the monitoring device 30 and the testing equipment 80, and resends the non-established information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted. This makes it possible to prevent loss of battery monitoring information. This makes it possible to improve the accuracy of estimating (detecting) the deterioration state and / or abnormality of the battery cells 22. In other words, it is possible to accurately determine whether the battery cells 22 should be reused or recycled.

[0153] The inspection equipment 80 may acquire manufacturing history information from the monitoring device 30 by periodic communication processing. The manufacturing history information may be, for example, a manufacturing ID (serial number) and manufacturing date and time. In this case, the inspection equipment 80 may inspect (determine) the deterioration state based on the manufacturing history information. The inspection equipment 80 inspects (determines) the deterioration state of the battery cell 22 based on, for example, the acquired manufacturing history information. The inspection equipment 80 inspects the deterioration state of the battery cell 22 based on, for example, the elapsed time from the manufacturing date. The inspection equipment 80 may acquire battery monitoring information and / or manufacturing history information to inspect the deterioration state or abnormality of the battery cell 22.

[0154] The situation in which the assembled battery 20 is inspected by the inspection equipment 80 with the assembled battery 20 and the battery management system 60 removed from the mobile body is not limited to an inspection of whether the assembled battery 20 can be reused. For example, the battery pack 11 may be inspected during manufacture or at a repair shop. During these inspections, the monitoring device 30 holds non-establishment information, which is battery monitoring information that was not transmitted or received between the monitoring device 30 and the inspection equipment 80, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time or later the battery monitoring information is transmitted.

[0155] (Other embodiments) The disclosure in this specification and drawings, etc. is not limited to the exemplified embodiments. The disclosure encompasses the exemplified embodiments and modifications thereto by those skilled in the art. For example, the disclosure is not limited to the combination of parts and / or elements shown in the embodiments. The disclosure can be implemented by various combinations. The disclosure can have additional parts that can be added to the embodiments. The disclosure encompasses the omission of parts and / or elements of the embodiments. The disclosure encompasses the substitution or combination of parts and / or elements between one embodiment and another embodiment. The disclosed technical scope is not limited to the description of the embodiments. Some disclosed technical scopes are indicated by the description of the claims, and should be interpreted as including all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the description of the claims.

[0156] The disclosure in the specification and drawings is not limited by the claims. The disclosure in the specification and drawings includes the technical ideas described in the claims, and extends to more diverse and broader technical ideas than the technical ideas described in the claims. Therefore, various technical ideas can be extracted from the disclosure in the specification and drawings without being bound by the claims.

[0157] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "coupled," "connected," or "coupled," it may be directly coupled, connected, or coupled to another element or layer, and intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly coupled," "directly connected," or "directly coupled" to another element or layer, no intervening elements or layers are present. Other words used to describe relationships between elements should be construed in a similar manner (e.g., "between" vs. "directly between," "adjacent" vs. "directly adjacent," etc.). As used in this specification, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0158] Spatially relative terms such as "inside," "outside," "back," "below," "low," "top," "top," and the like are utilized herein to facilitate the description of the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature as depicted in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device during use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "directly below" other elements or features would be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the term "bottom" can encompass both an orientation of top and bottom. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used in this specification would be interpreted accordingly.

[0159] The apparatus, systems, and methods described herein may be implemented by a special purpose computer having a processor programmed to perform one or more functions embodied in a computer program. Alternatively, the apparatus, systems, and methods described herein may be implemented by a special purpose hardware logic circuit. Alternatively, the apparatus, systems, and methods described herein may be implemented by one or more special purpose computers comprising a processor that executes a computer program and one or more hardware logic circuits. Also, the computer program may be stored on a computer-readable non-transitory tangible storage medium as instructions that are executed by the computer.

[0160] For example, although an example in which the monitoring device 30 includes the microcomputer 34 has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in Fig. 13, a battery management system 60 in which the monitoring device 30 does not include the microcomputer 34 may be adopted. Fig. 13 corresponds to Fig. 4. In this configuration, the wireless IC 35 transmits and receives data to and from the monitoring IC 33. The schedule control of sensing and self-diagnosis by the monitoring IC 33 may be executed by the wireless IC 35 or may be executed by the main microcomputer 45 of the control device 40.

[0161] Although an example in which a monitoring device 30 is provided for each battery stack 21 has been shown, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, one monitoring device 30 may be provided for multiple battery stacks 21. Multiple monitoring devices 30 may be provided for one battery stack 21.

[0162] Although an example in which the battery pack 11 includes one control device 40 has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. A plurality of control devices 40 may be included. In other words, the battery pack 11 may include one or more monitoring devices 30 and one or more control devices 40. The battery management system 60 may include a plurality of wireless communication systems established between one control device 40 and one or more monitoring devices 30.

[0163] Although an example in which the control device 40 includes one wireless IC 44 has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. The control device 40 may include a plurality of wireless ICs 44. Each of the plurality of wireless ICs 44 may wirelessly communicate with a plurality of monitoring devices 30 that are different from each other.

[0164] Although an example in which the monitoring device 30 includes one monitoring IC 33 has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. A plurality of monitoring ICs 33 may be included. In this case, a wireless IC 35 may be provided for each monitoring IC 33, or one wireless IC 35 may be provided for the plurality of monitoring ICs 33.

[0165] Although the example in which the control device 40 is disposed inside the housing 50 has been shown, the present invention is not limited to this. The control device 40 may be disposed outside the housing 50.

[0166] The arrangement and number of battery stacks 21 and battery cells 22 constituting battery pack 20 are not limited to the above example. In battery pack 11, the arrangement of monitoring device 30 and / or control device 40 is not limited to the above example. [Explanation of symbols]

[0167] 10...vehicle, 11...battery pack, 12...PCU, 13...MG, 14...ECU, 15...battery, 20...battery pack, 21...battery stack, 22...battery cell, 23...busbar unit, 24...busbar, 25...positive terminal, 26...negative terminal, 27...busbar cover, 30...monitoring device, 31, 311, 312, 313...power supply circuit, 32...multiplexer, 33...monitoring IC, 34...microcontroller, 35...wireless IC, 36...front-end circuit, 37...antenna, 40...control device, 41, 411, 412...power supply circuit, 42...antenna, 43...front-end circuit, 44...wireless IC, 45...main microcontroller, 46...sub-microcontroller, 50...casing, 60...battery management system, 70...sensor, 80...inspection equipment, 90...inspection system

Claims

1. One or more monitoring devices (30) for acquiring and monitoring battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; The control device includes: acquiring the battery monitoring information from the monitoring device through wireless communication, and acquiring wired information, which is information indicating the state of the battery, through wired communication without going through the monitoring device; Executing the predetermined process based on the acquired battery monitoring information and wired information; the monitoring device acquires at least a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, as the battery monitoring information; The control device includes: obtaining the battery monitoring information including the cell voltage from the monitoring device, and obtaining a cell current flowing through the battery cell as the wired information; As the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell is executed based on the acquired battery monitoring information including the cell voltage and the cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device, when unable to obtain the cell voltage corresponding to the maximum and / or minimum value among the multiple acquired cell currents, requests retransmission of the non-establishment information including the cell voltage.

2. One or more monitoring devices (30) for acquiring and monitoring battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; The control device includes: acquiring the battery monitoring information from the monitoring device through wireless communication, and acquiring wired information, which is information indicating the state of the battery, through wired communication without going through the monitoring device; Executing the predetermined process based on the acquired battery monitoring information and wired information; the monitoring device acquires at least a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, as the battery monitoring information; The control device includes: obtaining the battery monitoring information including the cell voltage from the monitoring device, and obtaining a cell current flowing through the battery cell as the wired information; As the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell is executed based on the acquired battery monitoring information including the cell voltage and the cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device requests retransmission of the non-establishment information when the current interval between adjacent cell currents corresponding to the cell voltages acquired during a sampling period is wider than a predetermined value due to the presence of the non-establishment information.

3. One or more monitoring devices (30) that acquire and monitor battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; The control device includes: acquiring the battery monitoring information from the monitoring device through wireless communication, and acquiring wired information, which is information indicating the state of the battery, through wired communication without going through the monitoring device; Executing the predetermined process based on the acquired battery monitoring information and wired information; the monitoring device acquires at least a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, as the battery monitoring information; The control device includes: obtaining the battery monitoring information including the cell voltage from the monitoring device, and obtaining a cell current flowing through the battery cell as the wired information; As the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell is executed based on the acquired battery monitoring information including the cell voltage and the cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device requests retransmission of at least a portion of the non-establishment information during a sampling period when the number of times the battery monitoring information is acquired during the sampling period does not reach a predetermined number.

4. One or more monitoring devices (30) for acquiring and monitoring battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; The control device includes: acquiring the battery monitoring information from the monitoring device through wireless communication, and acquiring wired information, which is information indicating the state of the battery, through wired communication without going through the monitoring device; Executing the predetermined process based on the acquired battery monitoring information and wired information; the monitoring device acquires at least a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, as the battery monitoring information; The control device includes: obtaining the battery monitoring information including the cell voltage from the monitoring device, and obtaining a cell current flowing through the battery cell as the wired information; As the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell is executed based on the acquired battery monitoring information including the cell voltage and the cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device requests retransmission of at least a portion of the non-establishment information during a sampling period when the voltage range from the maximum value to the minimum value of the multiple cell voltages acquired during the sampling period is less than a predetermined range.

5. One or more monitoring devices (30) that acquire and monitor battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; The control device includes: acquiring the battery monitoring information from the monitoring device through wireless communication, and acquiring wired information, which is information indicating the state of the battery, through wired communication without going through the monitoring device; Executing the predetermined process based on the acquired battery monitoring information and wired information; the monitoring device acquires at least a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, as the battery monitoring information; The control device includes: obtaining the battery monitoring information including the cell voltage from the monitoring device, and obtaining a cell current flowing through the battery cell as the wired information; As the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell is executed based on the acquired battery monitoring information including the cell voltage and the cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device, when the maximum and / or minimum values ​​of the cell voltages of all the battery cells cannot be obtained, requests retransmission of the non-establishment information including the maximum and / or minimum values.

6. One or more monitoring devices (30) for acquiring and monitoring battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; the monitoring device acquires, as the battery monitoring information, a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, and a cell current flowing through the battery cell; the control device executes, as the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell based on the battery monitoring information including the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device, when unable to obtain the cell voltage corresponding to the maximum and / or minimum value among the multiple acquired cell currents, requests retransmission of the non-establishment information including the cell voltage.

7. One or more monitoring devices (30) for acquiring and monitoring battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; the monitoring device acquires, as the battery monitoring information, a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, and a cell current flowing through the battery cell; the control device executes, as the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell based on the battery monitoring information including the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device requests retransmission of the non-establishment information when the current interval between adjacent cell currents corresponding to the cell voltages acquired during a sampling period is wider than a predetermined value due to the presence of the non-establishment information.

8. One or more monitoring devices (30) for acquiring and monitoring battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; the monitoring device acquires, as the battery monitoring information, a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, and a cell current flowing through the battery cell; the control device executes, as the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell based on the battery monitoring information including the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device requests retransmission of at least a portion of the non-establishment information during a sampling period when the number of times the battery monitoring information is acquired during the sampling period does not reach a predetermined number.

9. One or more monitoring devices (30) for acquiring and monitoring battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; the monitoring device acquires, as the battery monitoring information, a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, and a cell current flowing through the battery cell; the control device executes, as the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell based on the battery monitoring information including the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device requests retransmission of at least a portion of the non-establishment information during a sampling period when the voltage range from the maximum value to the minimum value of the multiple cell voltages acquired during the sampling period is less than a predetermined range.

10. One or more monitoring devices (30) for acquiring and monitoring battery monitoring information including information indicating a battery state; a control device (40) that wirelessly communicates with the monitoring device and executes a predetermined process based on the battery monitoring information; the monitoring device holds non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information that has not been transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the control device, and retransmits the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information is transmitted or received; the monitoring device acquires, as the battery monitoring information, a cell voltage, which is a voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery, and a cell current flowing through the battery cell; the control device executes, as the predetermined process, a process of estimating an internal resistance and / or an open circuit voltage of the battery cell based on the battery monitoring information including the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; The control device includes: determining whether or not there is non-establishment information that needs to be obtained based on at least the cell voltage of the acquired cell voltage and the acquired cell current; If there is any non-establishment information that needs to be acquired, a request is made to the monitoring device to resend the non-establishment information; The monitoring device retransmits the non-establishment information corresponding to the request, The control device, when the maximum and / or minimum values ​​of the cell voltages of all the battery cells cannot be obtained, requests retransmission of the non-establishment information including the maximum and / or minimum values.

11. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is mounted on a moving body, In a state where the battery is removed from the moving object, The monitoring device retains non-establishment information, which is the battery monitoring information and / or manufacturing history information that was not transmitted or received between the monitoring device and the inspection equipment (80), and resends the non-establishment information the next time the battery monitoring information and / or manufacturing history information is transmitted or received, thereby providing a battery management system.

12. The battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, The monitoring device is disposed in a housing (50) that houses batteries (20, 21, 22).

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