MEASUREMENT METHOD, MEASUREMENT DEVICE, MEASUREMENT SYSTEM, AND MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

Abstract

To provide a measuring method that allows accurate calculation of an impact coefficient when a movable body moves on a structure.SOLUTION: A measuring method includes: performing filter processing on first measurement data based on observation data to generate second measurement data; calculating a first deflection amount of a structure on the basis of an approximate expression of deflection of the structure, observation information, and environment information; performing filter processing on the first deflection amount to calculate a second deflection amount; calculating a third deflection amount on the basis of the second deflection amount, and a first order coefficient and a 0-th order coefficient calculated on the basis of the second measurement data and the second deflection amount; calculating offset on the basis of the 0-th order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; adding the offset and a product of the first order coefficient and the first deflection amount to each other to calculate a static response; and calculating an impact coefficient on the basis of the static response.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 21

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a measurement method, a measurement device, a measurement system, and a measurement program. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes a method for evaluating the dynamic response of a railway bridge, which includes providing an accelerometer for measuring vertical acceleration in each of the front and rear cars of a train, measuring the vertical acceleration of the front and rear cars while the train is running, extracting measurement data of the accelerometers when passing over a bridge, calculating an acceleration amplification factor by dividing the feature amount of the vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometer of the rear car by the feature amount of the vertical acceleration measured by the front car, and applying the acceleration amplification factor to a previously obtained relational expression between the bridge's impact coefficient and the acceleration amplification factor to calculate the bridge's impact coefficient (dynamic response component). This dynamic response evaluation method focuses on the fact that almost no dynamic response occurs in the bridge when the front car passes, and that static and dynamic responses occur in the bridge when the rear car passes, and can easily and comprehensively calculate the bridge's impact coefficient (dynamic response component) based on the vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometers provided in each of the front and rear cars of the train.

[0003] The impact coefficient is the ratio of the static response, in which a bridge periodically deflects due to the application of cyclic loads by trains passing over the bridge, to the dynamic response, which is the structural natural vibration of the bridge excited by the static response. It is an index that shows the effect that the application of cyclic loads by trains has on the natural vibration of the bridge structure. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2017-20172 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, in the dynamic response evaluation method described in Patent Document 1, the acceleration amplification factor obtained by dividing the feature amount of vertical acceleration measured by the accelerometer of the rearmost vehicle by the feature amount of vertical acceleration measured by the front vehicle cannot sufficiently separate static response from dynamic response, the accuracy of the relational expression between the bridge impact coefficient and the acceleration amplification coefficient is insufficient, there are errors due to the measurement points of vertical acceleration and vehicle vibration, etc. Therefore, it is difficult to calculate the impact coefficient with high accuracy in the dynamic response evaluation method described in Patent Document 1. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] One aspect of the measurement method according to the present invention is to a first measurement data generation step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a shock coefficient calculation step of calculating a shock coefficient based on the static response; Includes.

[0007] One aspect of the measuring device according to the present invention is a first measurement data generation unit that generates first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating unit that generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating unit that generates observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation unit that calculates an average speed of the moving object based on the observation information and environmental information that includes dimensions of the moving object and dimensions of the structure that have been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation unit that approximates the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculates a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation unit that calculates an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation unit that calculates a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; an impact coefficient calculation unit for calculating an impact coefficient based on the static response; Includes.

[0008] One aspect of the measurement system according to the present invention is An embodiment of the measuring device; The observation device; Equipped with.

[0009] One aspect of the measurement program according to the present invention is a first measurement data generation step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; and calculating an impact coefficient based on the static response. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a measurement system. [Diagram 2] A cross-sectional view of the superstructure in Figure 1 taken along line AA. [Diagram 3] 4 is a diagram illustrating acceleration detected by an acceleration sensor. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of measurement data u(t). [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 shows the power spectrum density of measurement data u(t). [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of measurement data ulp(t). [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between measurement data ulp(t) and approach time ti and exit time to. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the vehicle length LC (Cm) and the distance between the axles La (aw(Cm,n)). [Figure 9] An explanatory diagram of the structural model of the bridge superstructure. [Figure 10] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a deflection amount wstd(aw(Cm,n),t). [Figure 11] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a deflection amount Cstd(Cm,t). [Figure 12] FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of a deflection amount Tstd(t). [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of a deflection amount Tstd_lp(t). [Figure 14] 1 is a diagram showing measurement data ulp(t) and the amount of deflection Tstd_lp(t) superimposed on each other. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a deflection amount TEstd_lp(t). [Figure 16] FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of a deflection amount TEstd(t). [Figure 17]FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the amount of deflection TEstd_lp(t) and the predetermined interval Tavg for calculating the average value of the amount of deflection Tstd_lp(t) and the amount of deflection Tstd_lp(t). [Figure 18] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an offset Toffset_std(t). [Figure 19] FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of a deflection amount TEOstd(t). [Figure 20] 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of deflection TEOstd(t), the measurement data u(t), and the maximum amplitudes Ss and Sd. [Figure 21] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a measurement method according to the first embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a first measurement data generating step. [Diagram 23] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a second measurement data generating step. [Figure 24] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of an observation information generating process. [Diagram 25] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of an average velocity calculation step. [Figure 26] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a first deflection amount calculation step. [Figure 27] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a second deflection amount calculation step. [Figure 28] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of an offset calculation process. [Figure 29] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a sensor, a measuring device, and a monitoring device. [Diagram 30] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of natural vibration unv(t). [Diagram 31] A diagram showing the power spectrum density of the natural vibration unv(t). [Diagram 32] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of a high-pass filter. [Diagram 33] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of natural vibration unv_hp(t). [Diagram 34] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the transfer characteristics of a moving average filter. [Diagram 35] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of natural vibration unv_3lp(t). [Diagram 36] 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the deflection amount TEOstd(t), the displacement waveform umd(t), and the maximum amplitudes Ss and Sd. [Figure 37] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a measurement method according to a second embodiment. [Figure 38] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a second dynamic response calculation step. [Figure 39] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of a measurement device according to a second embodiment. [Diagram 40] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of envelope amplitude unv_mag(t). [Diagram 41] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the envelope amplitude unv_mag(t) and a first section T1. [Diagram 42] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the logarithm unv_c(t) of the amplitude obtained by subtracting the envelope amplitude unv_mag(t) from the provisional amplitude ucst, and a first section T1. [Diagram 43] FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the provisional amplitude ucst and the integrated value E(ucst). [Diagram 44] An enlarged view of Figure 43. [Diagram 45] An enlarged view of Figure 43. [Diagram 46] FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the integrated value E(ucst) and the amplitude ucst_c. [Figure 47] An enlarged view of Figure 44. [Figure 48] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the logarithm y(t) of the envelope amplitude unv_mag(t) and a second section T2. [Figure 49] 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the excitation curve uenv_a(t), the damped oscillation curve uenv_b(t), and the envelope curve uenv(t). [Figure 50] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the envelope amplitude unv_mag(t) and the envelope uenv(t). [Figure 51] A diagram showing the relationship between the envelope amplitude unv_mag(t), the excitation curve uenv_a(t), the damped oscillation curve uenv_b(t), and the asymptote amplitude ucst_c. [Figure 52] A diagram showing an example of natural vibration umv(t). [Figure 53]1 is a graph showing the relationship between the deflection amount TEOstd(t), the displacement waveform umdf(t), and the maximum amplitudes Ss and Sd. [Figure 54] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a measurement method according to a third embodiment. [Figure 55] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of an asymptote amplitude calculation step. [Figure 56] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of an excitation curve calculation process. [Figure 57] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a damping oscillation curve calculation process. [Figure 58] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a third dynamic response calculation step. [Figure 59] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of a measurement device according to a third embodiment. [Figure 60] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of natural vibration umv_aa(t). [Figure 61] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual deflection amount TEOstdX(t). [Figure 62] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the virtual deflection amount TEOstdX(t) and the virtual advance time toutX. [Figure 63] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a virtual envelope uenvX(t). [Figure 64] Graph showing the relationship between virtual natural vibration umvX(t) and virtual deflection TEOstdX(t). [Figure 65] A diagram showing the relationship between the virtual natural vibration umvX(t) and the natural vibration umv(t). [Figure 66] FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the virtual deflection amount TEOstdX(t), the virtual displacement waveform umdfX(t), and the maximum amplitudes SsX and SdX. [Figure 67] FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a measurement method according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 68] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a virtual deflection amount calculation process. [Figure 69] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a virtual damping oscillation curve calculation process. [Figure 70] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a procedure of a hypothetical dynamic response calculation process. [Figure 71] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of a measurement device according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 72] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the measurement system. [Figure 73] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the measurement system. [Figure 74] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the measurement system. [Figure 75] A cross-sectional view of the superstructure in Figure 74 taken along line AA. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below do not unduly limit the contents of the present invention described in the claims. Furthermore, not all of the configurations described below are necessarily essential components of the present invention.

[0012] 1. First embodiment 1-1. Measurement system configuration The moving object passing through the superstructure of the bridge, which is the structure according to this embodiment, is a vehicle or railroad car that is heavy and can be measured by BWIM. BWIM is an abbreviation for Bridge Weigh in Motion, and is a technology that measures the weight, number of axles, etc. of the moving object passing through the bridge by treating the bridge as a "scale" and measuring the deformation of the bridge. The superstructure of the bridge, which can analyze the weight of the moving object passing through from the response such as deformation and strain, is a structure in which BWIM functions, and the BWIM system that applies the physical process between the action on the superstructure of the bridge and the response makes it possible to measure the weight of the moving object passing through. In the following, a measurement system for realizing the measurement method of this embodiment will be described using a case where the moving object is a railroad car as an example.

[0013] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a measurement system according to the present embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, the measurement system 10 according to the present embodiment includes a measurement device 1 and at least one sensor 2 provided on a superstructure 7 of a bridge 5. The measurement system 10 may also include a monitoring device 3.

[0014] The bridge 5 is composed of a superstructure 7 and a substructure 8. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the superstructure 7 taken along line AA in FIG. 1. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the superstructure 7 includes a bridge deck 7a including a deck F, a main girder G, a cross girder (not shown), a support 7b, a rail 7c, a sleeper 7d, and a ballast 7e. As shown in FIG. 1, the substructure 8 includes a pier 8a and an abutment 8b. The superstructure 7 is a structure that is bridged over either one of the adjacent abutments 8b and pier 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a. Both ends of the superstructure 7 are located at the positions of the adjacent abutments 8b and pier 8a, the positions of the two adjacent abutments 8b, or the positions of the two adjacent piers 8a.

[0015] When the railcar 6 enters the superstructure 7, the load of the railcar 6 causes the superstructure 7 to bend, but because the railcar 6 is made up of multiple cars coupled together, a phenomenon occurs in which the bending of the superstructure 7 repeats periodically as each car passes. This phenomenon is called a static response. On the other hand, since the superstructure 7 has a natural vibration frequency as a structure, the natural vibration of the superstructure 7 may be excited when the railcar 6 passes over the superstructure 7. The excitation of the natural vibration of the superstructure 7 causes a phenomenon in which the bending of the superstructure 7 repeats periodically. This phenomenon is called a dynamic response.

[0016] The measurement device 1 and each sensor 2 are connected, for example, by a cable (not shown) and communicate with each other via a communication network such as CAN. CAN is an abbreviation for Controller Area Network. Alternatively, the measurement device 1 and each sensor 2 may communicate with each other via a wireless network.

[0017] Each sensor 2 outputs data used to calculate an impact coefficient when a railcar 6, which is a moving body, moves over a superstructure 7, which is a structure. In this embodiment, each sensor 2 is an acceleration sensor, and may be, for example, a quartz acceleration sensor or a MEMS acceleration sensor. MEMS is an abbreviation for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems.

[0018] In this embodiment, each sensor 2 is installed in the longitudinal center of the superstructure 7, specifically, in the longitudinal center of the main girder G. However, it is sufficient for each sensor 2 to be able to detect acceleration for calculating the impact coefficient, and the installation position is not limited to the central part of the superstructure 7. If each sensor 2 is installed on the deck F of the superstructure 7, there is a risk that it will be destroyed by the running of the railway vehicle 6, and there is also a risk that the measurement accuracy will be affected by local deformation of the bridge deck 7a. Therefore, in the example of Figs. 1 and 2, each sensor 2 is installed on the main girder G of the superstructure 7.

[0019] The floor plates F, main girders G, etc. of the superstructure 7 are deflected in the vertical direction due to the load of the railway vehicle 6 passing over the superstructure 7. Each sensor 2 detects the acceleration of the deflection of the floor plates F and main girders G due to the load of the railway vehicle 6 passing over the superstructure 7.

[0020] The measurement device 1 calculates an impact coefficient when a railway vehicle 6 passes over a superstructure 7, based on the acceleration data output from each sensor 2. The measurement device 1 is installed, for example, on an abutment 8b.

[0021] The measuring device 1 and the monitoring device 3 can communicate with each other via a communication network 4, such as a wireless network for mobile phones and the Internet. The measuring device 1 transmits measurement data including the impact coefficient when a railcar 6 passes over a superstructure 7 to the monitoring device 3. The monitoring device 3 stores the information in a storage device (not shown) and may perform processing such as monitoring the railcar 6 and determining whether there is an abnormality in the superstructure 7 based on the information.

[0022] In this embodiment, the bridge 5 is a railway bridge, for example, a steel bridge, a girder bridge, an RC bridge, etc. RC is an abbreviation for Reinforced Concrete.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, an observation point R is set in association with the sensor 2. In the example of FIG. 2, the observation point R is set at a position on the surface of the superstructure 7 vertically above the sensor 2 provided on the main girder G. That is, the sensor 2 is an observation device that observes the observation point R, detects a physical quantity that is a response to the action of multiple parts of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7, which is a structure, on the observation point R, and outputs data including the detected physical quantity. For example, each of the multiple parts of the railway vehicle 6 is an axle or a wheel, but hereinafter, it is assumed that it is an axle. Also, in this embodiment, each sensor 2 is an acceleration sensor, and detects acceleration as a physical quantity. The sensor 2 may be provided at a position where it can detect the acceleration generated at the observation point R due to the traveling of the railway vehicle 6, but it is preferable to provide it at a position close to the vertical of the observation point R.

[0024] The number and installation positions of the sensors 2 are not limited to the examples shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and various modifications are possible.

[0025] The measurement device 1 acquires acceleration in a direction intersecting with the plane of the superstructure 7 along which the railcar 6 moves, based on the acceleration data output from the sensor 2. The plane of the superstructure 7 along which the railcar 6 moves is defined by the direction along which the railcar 6 moves, i.e., the X direction which is the longitudinal direction of the superstructure 7, and the direction perpendicular to the direction along which the railcar 6 moves, i.e., the Y direction which is the width direction of the superstructure 7. As the railcar 6 travels, the observation point R is deflected in a direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions. Therefore, in order to accurately calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the deflection, it is desirable for the measurement device 1 to acquire acceleration in a direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions, i.e., the Z direction which is the normal direction of the floor panel F.

[0026] 3 is a diagram illustrating the acceleration detected by the sensor 2. The sensor 2 is an acceleration sensor that detects acceleration occurring in each of three axial directions that are perpendicular to each other.

[0027] In order to detect the acceleration of the deflection at observation point R due to the running of the railway vehicle 6, the sensor 2 is installed so that one of the three detection axes, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis, intersects with the X-direction and the Y-direction. In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the sensor 2 is installed so that the first axis intersects with the X-direction and the Y-direction. Since the observation point R deflects in a direction perpendicular to the X-direction and the Y-direction, in order to accurately detect the acceleration of the deflection, ideally the sensor 2 is installed so that the first axis is aligned with the Z-direction perpendicular to the X-direction and the Y-direction, i.e., the normal direction of the floor panel F.

[0028] However, when the sensor 2 is installed on the superstructure 7, the installation location may be tilted. Even if one of the three detection axes of the sensor 2 is not installed in the normal direction of the floor board F, the error is small and negligible as long as it is roughly oriented in the normal direction. Furthermore, even if one of the three detection axes of the sensor 2 is not installed in the normal direction of the floor board F, the measurement device 1 can correct the detection error due to the tilt of the sensor 2 by using a three-axis composite acceleration obtained by combining the accelerations of the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis. Furthermore, the sensor 2 may be a one-axis acceleration sensor that detects at least the acceleration occurring in a direction approximately parallel to the vertical direction, or the acceleration in the normal direction of the floor board F.

[0029] The measurement method according to this embodiment, which is executed by the measurement apparatus 1, will be described in detail below.

[0030] 1-2. Details of the measurement method First, the measuring device 1 integrates acceleration data a(k) output from the sensor 2, which is an acceleration sensor, to generate speed data v(k) as shown in equation (1), and further integrates the speed data v(k) to generate measurement data u(k) as shown in equation (2). The acceleration data a(k) is data of acceleration change from which unnecessary acceleration bias has been removed in order to calculate the displacement change when the railroad vehicle 6 passes over the bridge 5. For example, the acceleration immediately before the railroad vehicle 6 passes over the bridge 5 may be set to 0, and the acceleration change thereafter may be set as the acceleration data a(k). In equations (1) and (2), k is the sample number, and ΔT is the time interval between samples. The measurement data u(k) is data of the displacement of the observation point R caused by the running of the railroad vehicle 6.

[0031]

number

[0032]

number

[0033] Measurement data u(k) with sample number k as a variable is converted to measurement data u(t) with time t as a variable, where t=kΔT. An example of the measurement data u(t) is shown in FIG. 4. The measurement data u(t) is generated based on acceleration data a(t) output from a sensor 2 observing an observation point R, so that the measurement data u(t) is generated based on the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2 observing the observation point R, and thus ... This data is based on acceleration, which is a response to an action on point R.

[0034] Next, the measurement device 1 detects the fundamental frequency F f In order to reduce the vibration components and their harmonics, the measurement data u(t) is filtered to obtain the measurement data u lp The filtering process may be, for example, low-pass filtering or band-pass filtering.

[0035] Specifically, the measurement device 1 first performs a fast Fourier transform on the measurement data u(t) to calculate the power spectrum density, and identifies the peak of the power spectrum density as the fundamental frequency F f FIG. 5 shows the power spectrum density obtained by fast Fourier transform of the measurement data u(t) in FIG. 4. In the example in FIG. 5, the fundamental frequency F f is calculated to be about 3 Hz. Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F f From the fundamental period T f Calculate the fundamental period T f The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data by dividing by ΔT. mf Calculate the fundamental period T f is the fundamental frequency F f is the period corresponding to T f >2ΔT.

[0036]

number

[0037]

number

[0038] Then, the measurement device 1 performs filtering by calculating the fundamental period T f The measurement data u(t) is processed by moving average to reduce the vibration components contained in the measurement data u(t) lp This moving average process not only requires a small amount of calculation, but also generates the fundamental frequency F f The attenuation of the signal component and its harmonic components is very large, so the vibration components are effectively reduced in the measurement data u lp (t) is obtained. Figure 6 shows the measurement data u lp As shown in FIG. 6, the measured data u(t) is almost completely free of vibration components. lp (t) is obtained.

[0039]

number

[0040] In addition, the measurement device 1 performs filtering by applying a fundamental frequency F f The measurement data u is processed by FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies above lp (t) may be generated. FIR stands for Finite Impulse Response. This FIR filter process requires more calculations than the moving average process, but it has a fundamental frequency F f All signal components at these frequencies can be attenuated.

[0041] Next, the measurement device 1 outputs the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is determined by a predetermined coefficient C L and measurement data lp Amplitude u calculated from (t) a The threshold C L u a or threshold C L u a The two times exceeding t i and departure time t o However, 0 <C L < 1, and the amplitude u a For example, the measurement data Data lp The amplitude of (t) is shifted from time t1 to time t2, and is calculated using equation (6).

[0042]

number

[0043] Approach time t i is the time when the leading axle of the railcar 6 passes through the entrance end of the superstructure 7. ois the time when the rearmost axle of the railway vehicle 6 passes the leading end of the superstructure 7. lp (t) and approach time t i and departure time t o An example of the relationship is shown below.

[0044] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the advance time t o and approach time t i The difference between the time t s Calculate.

[0045]

number

[0046] In addition, the measurement device 1 calculates the number of railcars 6, C, by using the formula (8). T As the transit time t s and the fundamental frequency F f Calculate the largest integer less than or equal to the product of x and x minus 1.

[0047]

number

[0048] Measuring device 1 measures the approach time t i , entry time t o , transit time t s and number of vehicles C T In the example of FIG. 7, the observation information including the approach time t i =7.155 seconds, advance time t o =12.845 seconds, transit time t s =5.69 seconds, number of vehicles C T =16.

[0049] Then, the measurement device 1 performs subsequent processing based on the observation information and environmental information including the dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 and the dimensions of the superstructure 7 that have been created in advance.

[0050] The environmental information may include dimensions of the superstructure 7, for example the length L of the superstructure 7. B and the position L of observation point R x Including the length L of the superstructure 7 B is the distance between the entrance end and exit end of the superstructure 7. Also, the position L of the observation point R x is the distance from the entrance end of the superstructure 7 to the observation point R. The environmental information also includes the dimensions of the railcar 6, for example, the length L of each car of the railcar 6. C (C m ), number of axles for each vehicle a T (C m ) and the distance between the axles of each vehicle La(a w (C m ,n)) is included. C m is the vehicle number, and the length of each vehicle L C (C m ) starts with C m The distance between the two ends of the th car. The number of axles in each car is a T (C m ) starts with C m n is the axle number of each vehicle, 1≦n≦a T (C m ) The distance between the axles of each vehicle is La(a w (C m ,n)) is C from the beginning when n=1. m The distance between the tip of the th car and the first axle from the front, and when n≧2, the distance between the n-1th axle from the front and the nth axle. m Length of the th vehicle L C (C m ) and the distance between the axles La(a w (C m ,n)) is shown below. The dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 and the dimensions of the superstructure 7 can be measured by known methods. A database of the dimensions of the railway vehicle 6 passing over the bridge 5 may be created in advance, and the dimensions of the relevant vehicle may be referenced based on the passing time.

[0051] In addition, when it is assumed that a railway vehicle 6 having an arbitrary number of cars with the same dimensions is traveling on the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5, the environmental information is the length L C (C m ), number of axles a T (C m ) and the distance between the axles La(a w (C m ,n)).

[0052] Total number of axles for railcar 6 Ta T is the number of vehicles included in the observation information, C T and the number of axles of each vehicle included in the environmental information a T (C m ) is used to calculate using equation (9).

[0053]

number

[0054] C from the front axle of railcar 6 m Distance D to the nth axle of the nth vehicle wa (a w (C m ,n) is the length L of each vehicle included in the environmental information C (C m ), number of axles for each vehicle a T (C m ) and the distance between the axles of each vehicle La(a w (C m ,n)) is calculated by formula (10). In formula (10), L C (C m )=L C (1) is assumed to be the case.

[0055]

number

[0056] The measurement device 1 is C in Eq. (10). m =C T , n=a T (CT ) from the front axle of the railcar 6 to the rear axle of the rearmost railcar, D wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T ))).

[0057]

number

[0058] The average speed of railcar 6, v a is the length L of the superstructure 7 included in the environmental information B , the transit time t included in the observation information s and the calculated distance D wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T ))) and the average speed v of the railcar 6 is calculated by equation (12). a Calculate.

[0059]

number

[0060] The measuring device 1 calculates the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 by using equation (13) by substituting equation (11) into equation (12). a Calculate.

[0061]

number

[0062] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection of the superstructure 7 caused by the running of the railway vehicle 6 in the following manner.

[0063] In this embodiment, the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5 is considered to have one or more bridge decks 7a, each of which is composed of a deck F and a main girder G, arranged in succession, and the measuring device 1 calculates the displacement of one bridge deck 7a as the displacement at the center in the longitudinal direction. The load applied to the superstructure 7 moves from one end of the superstructure 7 to the other end. At this time, the deflection amount, which is the displacement of the middle part of the superstructure 7, can be expressed using the position of the load on the superstructure 7 and the load amount. In this embodiment, in order to express the deflection deformation when the axle of the railroad vehicle 6 moves on the superstructure 7 as a trajectory of the deflection amount due to the movement of a single point load on the beam, a structural model shown in FIG. 9 is considered, and the deflection amount at the center is calculated in the structural model. In FIG. 9, P is the load. a is the load position from the entry end of the superstructure 7 on the side where the railroad vehicle 6 enters. b is the load position from the exit end of the superstructure 7 on the side where the railroad vehicle 6 exits. L B is the length of the superstructure 7, i.e., the distance between both ends of the superstructure 7. The structural model shown in FIG. 9 is a simple beam supported at both ends.

[0064] In the structural model shown in FIG. 9, when the position of the entry end of the superstructure 7 is set to zero and the observation position of the deflection is set to x, the bending moment M of the simple beam is expressed by equation (14).

[0065]

number

[0066] In equation (14), the function H a is defined as in equation (15).

[0067]

number

[0068] By transforming equation (14), equation (16) is obtained.

[0069]

number

[0070] On the other hand, the bending moment M is expressed by the formula (17). In the formula (17), θ is the angle, I is the second moment, and E is the Young's modulus.

[0071]

number

[0072] By substituting equation (17) into equation (16), equation (18) is obtained.

[0073]

number

[0074] Equation (19) is calculated by integrating equation (18) with respect to the observation position x to obtain equation (20). In equation (20), C1 is an integral constant.

[0075]

number

[0076]

number

[0077] Furthermore, equation (21) is calculated by integrating equation (20) with respect to the observation position x, to obtain equation (22). In equation (22), C2 is an integral constant.

[0078]

number

[0079]

number

[0080] In equation (22), θx represents the amount of deflection, and equation (10) is obtained by replacing θx with the amount of deflection w.

[0081]

number

[0082] From Figure 9, b=L B Since it is -a, equation (23) is transformed into equation (24).

[0083]

number

[0084] When x=0, the deflection w=0, and x≦a, H a = 0, so in equation (24) we have x = w = H a Substituting =0 and rearranging, we obtain equation (25).

[0085]

number

[0086] Also, x=L B With the deflection amount w=0, x>a, H a = 1, so in equation (24) we add x = L B ,w=0,H a Substituting =1 and rearranging, we obtain equation (26).

[0087]

number

[0088] In equation (26), b = L B Substituting -a, we obtain equation (27).

[0089]

number

[0090] By substituting the integral constant C1 of equation (25) and the integral constant C2 of equation (26) into equation (23), equation (28) is obtained.

[0091]

number

[0092] By transforming equation (28), the deflection w at observation position x when load P is applied to position a is expressed by equation (29).

[0093]

number

[0094] Deflection w at the central observation position x when load P is at the center of the superstructure 7 0.5LB , x=0.5LB, a=b=0.5LB, H a = 0, and this is expressed by equation (30). 0.5LB is the maximum amplitude of the deflection w.

[0095]

number

[0096] The deflection w at any observation position x is the deflection w 0.5LB When the position a of the load P is closer to the entry end than the observation position x, x>a, so H is added to equation (30). a Substituting =1 gives equation (31).

[0097]

number

[0098] Position a of load P is a=L B r, and in equation (31), a = L B r,b=L BSubstituting (1-r) and rearranging, the deflection amount w is normalized to the deflection amount w by equation (32). std r is the length L of the superstructure 7 B This shows the ratio of position a of load P to

[0099]

number

[0100] Similarly, if the position a of the load P is closer to the forward end than the observation position x, then x≦a, and H is added to equation (30). a Substituting =0 gives us equation (33).

[0101]

number

[0102] Position a of load P is a=L B r, and in equation (33), a = L B r,b=L B Substituting (1-r) and rearranging, the deflection amount w becomes the normalized deflection amount w std is obtained.

[0103]

number

[0104] Combining equations (32) and (34), we can obtain the arbitrary observation position x=L x Deflection amount w std (r) is expressed by equation (35). In equation (35), the function R(r) is expressed by equation (36). Equation (35) is an approximation equation for the deflection of the superstructure 7, which is a structure, and is based on a structural model of the superstructure 7. Specifically, equation (35) is an approximation equation normalized by the maximum amplitude of deflection at the center position between the approach end and the exit end of the superstructure 7.

[0105]

number

[0106]

number

[0107] In this embodiment, the load P is the load of an arbitrary axle of the railway vehicle 6. When an arbitrary axle of the railway vehicle 6 is located at a position L from the entrance end of the superstructure 7 to the observation point R, x The time it takes to reach xn is the average velocity v calculated by equation (12) a It is calculated using equation (37).

[0108]

number

[0109] Also, any axle of the railcar 6 has length L B The time t required for the superstructure 7 to pass through ln is calculated using equation (38).

[0110]

number

[0111] Railroad Car 6 C m The time t0 (C m ,n) is the approach time t i , the distance D calculated by Eq. (10) wa (a w (C m , n) and the average velocity v calculated by equation (12) a It is calculated using equation (39).

[0112]

number

[0113] The measurement device 1 uses the formulas (37), (38), and (39) to obtain C m The deflection w of the nth axle of the nth vehicle, expressed by equation (35), std Deflection w when (r) is replaced with time std (a w (C m In equation (40), the function R(t) is expressed by equation (41). std (a w (C m ,n),t) is shown below.

[0114]

number

[0115]

number

[0116] Moreover, the measurement device 1 calculates C m Deflection amount C caused by the th vehicle std (C m ,t) is calculated. m Deflection amount C caused by the th vehicle std (C m ,t) is shown below.

[0117]

number

[0118] Furthermore, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T caused by the railway vehicle 6 by using the formula (43). std (t) is calculated. T = Deflection T due to 16 railcars 6 std In FIG. 12, the dashed lines indicate the 16 deflection amounts C std (1,t)~C std (16,t) is shown.

[0119]

number

[0120] Next, the measuring device 1 measures the amount of deflection T std The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) M In order to reduce the vibration component and its harmonics, the deflection amount T std Deflection amount T obtained by filtering (t) std_lp The filtering process may be, for example, low-pass filtering or band-pass filtering.

[0121] Specifically, first, the measuring device 1 measures the amount of deflection T std (t) is subjected to fast Fourier transform to calculate the power spectrum density, and the peak of the power spectrum density is taken as the fundamental frequency F M Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F M From the fundamental period T M Calculate the fundamental period T M The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data by dividing by ΔT. mM Calculate the fundamental period T M is the fundamental frequency F M is the period corresponding to T M >2ΔT.

[0122]

number

[0123]

number

[0124] Then, the measurement device 1 performs filtering by calculating the fundamental period T M Deflection amount T std (t) is processed by moving average to obtain the deflection amount T std The deflection amount T that reduces the vibration component contained in (t)std_lp This moving average process not only requires a small amount of calculation, but also calculates the fundamental frequency F M The attenuation of the signal component and its harmonic components is very large, so the vibration component is effectively reduced by the deflection T std_lp (t) is obtained. The deflection amount T std_lp As shown in FIG. 13, the deflection amount T std The deflection T with most of the vibration components contained in (t) removed std_lp (t) is obtained.

[0125]

number

[0126] In addition, the measuring device 1 performs filtering by measuring the amount of deflection T std (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F M The signal components with frequencies above 1000 Hz are attenuated by FIR filtering to obtain the deflection T std_lp (t) may be calculated. This FIR filter process requires more calculations than the moving average process, but the fundamental frequency F f All signal components at these frequencies can be attenuated.

[0127] Figure 14 shows the measurement data u lp (t) and the deflection T shown in Figure 13 std_lp (t) is shown overlapping. Deflection T std_lp Considering that (t) is the deflection proportional to the load of the railway vehicle 6 passing through the superstructure 7, the deflection T std_lp A linear function of (t) is the measured data u lp (t) is assumed to be approximately equal to the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection T std_lp The time interval to be approximated is the entry time t i and the advance time t o Between or deflection amount T std_lp (t) is a time interval in which the amplitude is not zero.

[0128]

number

[0129] Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 of the linear function expressed by the equation (47). For example, the measurement device 1 calculates the error e(t) expressed by the equation (48), that is, the measurement data u lp The first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 that minimize the difference between (t) and the linear function of equation (47) are calculated.

[0130]

number

[0131] The first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 are calculated by equations (49) and (50), respectively. Let k be the data interval corresponding to the approximated time interval. a ≦k≦k b Let us assume that.

[0132]

number

[0133]

number

[0134] Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount T using the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 as shown in equation (51). std_lp The deflection amount T after adjusting (t) Estd_lp (t) is calculated as shown in equation (51). Estd_lp (t) basically corresponds to the right-hand side of equation (47), but at the approach time t i Sections before and entry time t o In the section after this, the zero-order coefficient c0 is set to 0. Estd_lp An example of (t) is shown below.

[0135]

number

[0136] In addition, as shown in equation (52), the deflection amount T using the first-order coefficient c1 calculated in equation (49) and the zero-order coefficient c0 calculated in equation (50) is std Assume that a linear function of (t) is approximately equal to the measured data u(t).

[0137]

number

[0138] Deflection amount T using the first order coefficient c1 and the zero order coefficient c0 std The deflection amount T after adjusting (t) Estd (t) is calculated by equation (53). The right-hand side of equation (53) is the T std_lp (t) to T std In Fig. 16, the deflection amount T Estd An example of (t) is shown below.

[0139]

number

[0140] Next, the measuring device 1 calculates the deflection amount T in a predetermined section using equation (54) with t=kΔT. Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp (t) and amplitude ratio R T In equation (54), the numerator is the deflection amount T Estd_lp Waveform of (t) and deflection T std_lp The deflection amount T included in a certain section of the section where the waveform of (t) is shifted Estd_lp (t) is the average value of n+1 samples, and the denominator is the deflection amount T std_lp The deflection amount T Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp (t) and the predetermined interval T for calculating the average valueavg An example of the relationship is shown below.

[0141]

number

[0142] Next, the measurement device 1 measures the amplitude ratio R T and deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product R T T std_lp (t) is compared with the zeroth order coefficient c0 to obtain the offset T offset_std Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the amplitude ratio R T and deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product R T T std_lp The product R whose absolute value of (t) is greater than the absolute value of the zeroth coefficient c0 T T std_lp (t) interval is replaced with the zeroth coefficient c0 and the offset T offset_std (t) is calculated. offset_std In the example of FIG. 18, the deflection amount T std_lp Since the amplitude of (t) is zero or negative, the measurement device 1 calculates the product R T T std_lp (t) is replaced with the zeroth order coefficient c0 to obtain the offset T offset_std (t) is calculated.

[0143]

number

[0144] Next, the measuring device 1 calculates the linear coefficient c1 and the deflection amount T as shown in equation (56). std (t) and its product c1T std (t) and offset T offset_std (t) is added to obtain the deflection T EOstd (t) is calculated. This deflection T EOstd (t) corresponds to the static response when the railway vehicle 6 passes over the superstructure 7. EOstd An example of (t) is shown below.

[0145]

number

[0146] The measurement device 1 then measures the static response, i.e., the deflection T EOstd Based on (t), the impact factor i α Calculate the impact factor i α is an index showing how much the static response influences the dynamic response, and the maximum amplitude of vibration of the static response S s and the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d It is calculated by the ratio of (57).

[0147]

number

[0148] In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the maximum amplitude of the measurement data u(t) and the amount of deflection T EOstd Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the shock coefficient i α Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstd The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S s Then, using equation (58), the maximum amplitude of vibration of the static response S s In equation (58), min{T EOstd (t)} is the amount of deflection T EOstd This is a function that extracts the minimum value of (t).

[0149]

number

[0150] Similarly, the measurement device 1 converts the maximum amplitude of the measurement data u(t) into the maximum amplitude S of the dynamic response. d Then, the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d In equation (59), min{u(t)} is a function that extracts the minimum value of the measurement data u(t).

[0151]

number

[0152] Figure 20 shows the deflection T EOstd (t), measured data u(t) and maximum amplitude S s ,S d Here, when a railcar 6 passes through the superstructure 7, the deflection amount T EOstd (t) and the measurement data u(t) become negative values, and the deflection amount T EOstd The minimum value of (t) and the minimum value of the measurement data u(t) are the maximum amplitudes. However, when the railcar 6 passes through the superstructure 7, the deflection amount T EOstd If (t) and the measurement data u(t) are positive values, the deflection amount T EOstd The maximum value of (t) or the maximum value of the measurement data u(t) may be taken as the maximum amplitude.

[0153] Then, the measuring device 1 measures the maximum amplitude S s and the maximum amplitude S calculated by equation (59) d Substituting into equation (57), the shock coefficient i α Calculate.

[0154] 1-3. Measurement method procedure 21 is a flow chart showing an example of the procedure of the measurement method according to the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 executes the procedure shown in FIG.

[0155] As shown in FIG. 21, first, in an observation data acquisition step S10, the measurement device 1 acquires acceleration data a(k), which is observation data output from a sensor 2, which is an observation device.

[0156] Next, in a first measurement data generating step S20, the measurement device 1 generates measurement data u(t) which is the first measurement data based on acceleration as a physical quantity which is a response to the action of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7 on the observation point R, based on the acceleration data a(k) which is the observation data acquired in step S10. An example of the procedure of the first measurement data generating step S20 will be described later.

[0157] Next, in a second measurement data generation step S30, the measurement device 1 generates second measurement data, which is measurement data u(t) generated in step S20 by filtering the measurement data u(t) to reduce vibration components. lp For example, the measurement device 1 performs filtering to obtain the fundamental frequency F f A low-pass filter process is performed to attenuate vibration components of the above frequencies. An example of the procedure of the second measurement data generating step S30 will be described later.

[0158] Next, in the observation information generation process S40, the measurement device 1 determines the approach time t i and departure time t o Generate observation information including the approach time t i is the time when the leading axle of the railcar 6 passes through the entrance end of the superstructure 7, and the exit time t o is the time when the rearmost axle of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 passes the leading end of the superstructure 7. In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 uses the measurement data u lp Based on (t), the approach time t i and departure time t o Furthermore, the measurement device 1 calculates the number of vehicles C T An example of the procedure of the observation information generating step S40 will be described later.

[0159] Next, in an average speed calculation step S50, the measurement device 1 calculates the average speed v of the railcar 6 based on the observation information generated in step S40 and environmental information including the dimensions of the railcar 6 and the dimensions of the superstructure 7 that have been created in advance. aThe environmental information is the length L of the superstructure 7. B , position L of observation point R x , the length L of each of the railcars 6 C (C m ), number of axles for each vehicle a T (C m ) and and the distance La (a w (C m , n)) An example of the procedure of the average speed calculation step S50 will be described later.

[0160] Next, in a first deflection amount calculation step S60, the measurement device 1 calculates an approximation equation for the deflection of the superstructure 7, which is the above-mentioned equation (35), the observation information generated in step S40, the environmental information, and the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 calculated in step S50. a Based on this, a first deflection amount T of the superstructure 7 due to the railway vehicle 6 is calculated. std Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the average velocity v a Based on the above, the deflection amount w of the upper structure 7 due to each of the multiple axles is calculated. std (a w (C m , n), t) and the deflection amount w of the superstructure 7 due to each of the multiple axles is calculated. std (a w (C m ,n),t) are added to obtain the deflection amount T std An example of the procedure of the first deflection amount calculation step S60 will be described later.

[0161] Next, in a second deflection amount calculation step S70, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount T std The second deflection, T, is the deflection obtained by filtering (t) to reduce the vibration component. std_lp For example, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount T std The fundamental frequency F of (t) MA low-pass filter process is performed to attenuate the vibration components of the above frequencies. An example of the procedure of the second deflection amount calculation step S70 will be described later.

[0162] Next, in the coefficient calculation step S80, the measurement device 1 calculates the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection T calculated in step S70 std_lp (t) with a linear function, and calculates the linear coefficient c1 and the zeroth coefficient c0 of the linear function. Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection T std_lp The linear function of (t) is used for approximation, and the linear coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 are calculated using the above-mentioned equations (49) and (50) by using the least squares method.

[0163] Next, in a third deflection amount calculation step S90, the measurement device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 calculated in step S80 and the deflection amount T std_lp Based on (t) and the third deflection, the deflection T Estd_lp Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the approach time t i Sections and entry times t o In the section after this, the primary coefficient c1 and the deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product c1T std_lp (t), and the approach time is t i and the advance time t o In the interval between std_lp The deflection T is the sum of (t) and the zero-order coefficient c0 Estd_lp Calculate (t).

[0164] Next, in the offset calculation step S100, the measurement device 1 calculates the zero-order coefficient c0 calculated in step S80 and the deflection amount T std_lp (t) and the deflection T calculated in step S90 Estd_lp (t) and offset T based on offset_std An example of the procedure of the offset calculation step S100 will be described later.

[0165] Next, in the static response calculation step S110, the measurement device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 calculated in step S80 and the deflection amount T calculated in step S60, as shown in the above-mentioned equation (56). std (t) and its product c1T std (t) and the offset T calculated in step S100 offset_std (t) is added to obtain the static response deflection T EOstd Calculate (t).

[0166] Next, in the impact coefficient calculation step S120, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstd Based on (t), the impact factor i α In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the maximum amplitude of the measurement data u(t) generated in step S20 and the deflection amount T EOstd Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the shock coefficient i α of Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstd The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S s The maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is given by the above equation (58), S s Calculate the maximum amplitude of the measured data u(t) as the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S is given by the above equation (59). d Calculate the impact factor i using the above equation (57). α Calculate.

[0167] Next, in the measurement data output step S130, the measurement device 1 outputs the impact factor i calculated in step S120. α To the monitoring device 3, the measurement device 1 outputs the measurement data including the shock absorber i to the monitoring device 3. Specifically, the measurement device 1 transmits the measurement data to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. The measurement data includes the shock absorber i α In addition to the measured data u(t), u lp (t), deflection T std (t),T std_lp (t),T Estd_lp (t), deflection T EOstd (t) etc. may also be included.

[0168] Then, the measuring device 1 repeats the processes of steps S10 to S130 until the measurement is completed in step S140.

[0169] FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the first measured data generating step S20 in FIG.

[0170] As shown in FIG. 22, in step S201, the measurement device 1 integrates the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2 to generate velocity data v(t) as in the above-mentioned equation (1).

[0171] Then, in step S202, the measurement device 1 generates measurement data u(t) by integrating the velocity data v(t) generated in step S201, as in the above-mentioned equation (2).

[0172] Thus, in this embodiment, the measurement data u(t) is data on the displacement of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6, which is a moving body moving on the superstructure 7, which is a structure, and is data obtained by integrating twice the acceleration in a direction intersecting with the surface of the superstructure 7 on which the railway vehicle 6 moves. Therefore, the measurement data u(t) includes data on a waveform that is convex in the positive or negative direction, specifically, a rectangular waveform, a trapezoidal waveform, or a half-sine waveform. Note that the rectangular waveform includes not only an exact rectangular waveform but also a waveform that approximates a rectangular waveform. Similarly, the trapezoidal waveform includes not only an exact trapezoidal waveform but also a waveform that approximates a trapezoidal waveform. Similarly, the half-sine waveform includes not only an exact half-sine waveform but also a waveform that approximates a half-sine waveform.

[0173] FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the second measured data generating step S30 in FIG.

[0174] As shown in FIG. 23, in step S301, the measurement device 1 performs fast Fourier transform processing on the measurement data u(t) calculated in step S202 of FIG. 22 to calculate the power spectrum density, and calculates the peak of the power spectrum density as the fundamental frequency F f It is calculated as follows.

[0175] Then, in step S302, the measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F f The measurement data u is processed by a low-pass filter that attenuates the vibration components of the frequency above lp The measurement device 1 generates the fundamental frequency F f The fundamental period T f Then, the measurement data u(t) is processed by moving average to obtain the measurement data u lp Alternatively, the measurement device 1 may generate a fundamental frequency F(t) for the measurement data u(t) as a low-pass filter process. f The measurement data u is processed by FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies above lp (t) may be generated.

[0176] FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the observation information generating step S40 of FIG.

[0177] As shown in FIG. 24, first, in step S401, the measurement device 1 measures the amplitude u a The measurement data u generated in step S302 of FIG. 23 is calculated by the above-mentioned equation (6). lp The average value of the section from time t1 to time t2, during which the amplitude of (t) is shifted, is calculated.

[0178] Next, in step S402, the measurement device 1 i As the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is determined by a predetermined coefficient C L and the amplitude u calculated in step S401 a The threshold C L u a or threshold C L u a A first time instant that exceeds

[0179] In step S403, the measurement device 1 detects the exit time t o As the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is threshold CL u a or threshold C L u a A second time that is later than the first time and exceeds the first time.

[0180] In step S404, the measuring device 1 calculates the passing time t s Then, the advance time t o and approach time t i Calculate the difference between

[0181] Next, in step S405, the measurement device 1 calculates the number of railcars 6, C, as shown in the above formula (8). T The transit time t calculated in step S404 is s and the fundamental frequency F calculated in step S301 of FIG. f The product of s F f Calculate the largest integer less than or equal to minus 1.

[0182] Then, in step S406, the measurement device 1 calculates the approach time t i , the advance time t calculated in step S403 o , the transit time t calculated in step S404 s and the number of vehicles C calculated in step S405 T Generate observations including:

[0183] FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the average velocity calculation step S50 in FIG.

[0184] In step S501, the measurement device 1 calculates the distance D from the front axle to the rear axle of the railcar 6 by the above-mentioned formula (11) based on the environmental information. wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T ))).

[0185] In step S502, the measurement device 1 calculates the distance from the entrance end to the exit end of the upper structure 7 based on the environmental information. In this embodiment, the distance from the entrance end to the exit end of the upper structure 7 is calculated based on the length L of the upper structure 7 included in the environmental information. B It is.

[0186] Then, in step S503, the measurement device 1 detects the approach time t i and departure time t o , the distance D from the front axle to the rear axle of the railcar 6 calculated in step S501 wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T ))), and the length L of the upper structure 7, which is the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7 calculated in step S502 B Based on this, the average speed of the railcar 6, v a Calculate.

[0187] FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the first deflection amount calculation step S60 in FIG.

[0188] First, in step S601, the measurement device 1 calculates the distance C from the front axle of the railcar 6 by the above-mentioned formula (10) based on the environmental information. m Distance D to the nth axle of the nth vehicle wa (a w (C m ,n) are calculated respectively.

[0189] Next, in step S602, the measurement device 1 detects the position L of the observation point R included in the environmental information. x and the average velocity v calculated in step S503 of FIG. a Using the above equation (37), the distance between the entrance end of the superstructure 7 and the position L of the observation point R of any axle of the railway vehicle 6 is calculated. x The time it takes to reach xn Calculate.

[0190] In step S603, the measurement device 1 calculates the length L of the upper structure 7, which is the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7, calculated in step S502 of FIG. B and the average speed v a Using the above equation (38), the time t required for any axle of the railcar 6 to pass through the superstructure 7 is calculated. ln Calculate.

[0191] Furthermore, in step S604, the measurement instrument 1 detects the approach time t i and the distance D calculated in step S601. wa (a w (C m ,n)) and the average speed v a Using the above equation (39), the C of railway car 6 is m The time t0 (C m ,n) are calculated respectively.

[0192] Next, in step S605, the measurement device 1 calculates an approximation equation for the deflection of the upper structure 7, which is the above-mentioned equation (35), and the time t xn and the time t calculated in step S603 ln and the time t0 (C m , n) and C m The deflection of the superstructure 7 due to the n-th axle of the th vehicle w std (a w (C m ,n), and t) are calculated respectively.

[0193] Next, in step S606, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount w of the upper structure 7 due to each axle calculated for each vehicle in step S605 using the above-mentioned formula (42). std (a w (C m , n), t) to obtain the deflection amount C of the superstructure 7 due to each vehicle. std (C m ,t) is calculated.

[0194] Then, in step S607, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount C of the upper structure 7 caused by each vehicle in step S606 using the above-mentioned formula (43). std (C m , t) to obtain the deflection T of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6. std Calculate (t).

[0195] FIG. 27 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the second deflection amount calculation step S70 in FIG.

[0196] As shown in FIG. 27, in step S701, the measurement device 1 measures the deflection amount T std (t) is subjected to fast Fourier transform to calculate the power spectrum density, and the peak of the power spectrum density is taken as the fundamental frequency F M It is calculated as follows.

[0197] Then, in step S702, the measuring device 1 measures the amount of deflection T std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M The deflection amount T is calculated by performing low-pass filter processing to attenuate vibration components with frequencies above std_lp The measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F M The fundamental period T M Deflection amount T std The deflection amount T is calculated by taking the moving average of (t). std_lp Alternatively, the measurement device 1 may calculate the deflection amount T std (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F M The signal components with frequencies above 1000 Hz are attenuated by FIR filtering to obtain the deflection T std_lp (t) may be calculated.

[0198] FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the offset calculation step S100 in FIG.

[0199] As shown in FIG. 28, in step S1001, the measuring device 1 calculates the value of The deflection amount T calculated in step S90 of FIG. Estd_lp (t) and the deflection T calculated in step S702 of Figure 27 std_lp (t) and amplitude ratio R T Calculate.

[0200] Then, in step S1002, the measurement device 1 calculates the amplitude ratio R T and deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product R T T std_lp The product R (t) whose absolute value is greater than the absolute value of the zero-order coefficient c0 calculated in step S80 of FIG. T T std_lp (t) interval is replaced with the zeroth coefficient c0 and the offset T offset_std Calculate (t).

[0201] 1-4. Configuration of observation, measuring and monitoring equipment FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a sensor 2, a measuring device 1, and a monitoring device 3, which are observation devices.

[0202] As shown in FIG. 29, the sensor 2 includes a communication unit 21, an acceleration sensor 22, a processor 23, and a memory unit 24.

[0203] The storage unit 24 is a memory that stores various programs, data, etc. for the processor 23 to perform calculation processing and control processing. The storage unit 24 also stores programs, data, etc. for the processor 23 to realize predetermined application functions.

[0204] The acceleration sensor 22 detects the acceleration occurring in each of the three axial directions.

[0205] The processor 23 executes an observation program 241 stored in the storage unit 24 to control the acceleration sensor 22, generate observation data 242 based on the acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor 22, and store the generated observation data 242 in the storage unit 24. In this embodiment, the observation data 242 is acceleration data a(k).

[0206] Under the control of the processor 23, the communication unit 21 transmits the observation data 242 stored in the memory unit 24 to the measurement device 1.

[0207] As shown in FIG. 29, the measurement device 1 includes a first communication unit 11, a second communication unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a processor .

[0208] The first communication unit 11 receives the observation data 242 from the sensor 2, and outputs the received observation data 242 to the processor 14. As described above, the observation data 242 is acceleration data a(k).

[0209] The storage unit 13 is a memory that stores programs, data, etc. for the processor 14 to perform calculation processing and control processing. The storage unit 13 also stores various programs, data, etc. for the processor 14 to realize predetermined application functions. The processor 14 may also receive various programs, data, etc. via the communication network 4 and store them in the storage unit 13.

[0210] The processor 14 generates measurement data 135 based on the observation data 242 received by the first communication unit 11 and the environmental information 132 stored in advance in the storage unit 13, and stores the generated measurement data 135 in the storage unit 13.

[0211] In this embodiment, the processor 14 executes a measurement program 131 stored in the storage unit 13 to control an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, and a third measurement data generation unit 144. The processor 14 functions as a constant data generating unit 143, an observation information generating unit 144, an average velocity calculating unit 145, a first deflection amount calculating unit 146, a second deflection amount calculating unit 147, a coefficient calculating unit 148, a third deflection amount calculating unit 149, an offset calculating unit 150, a static response calculating unit 151, a shock coefficient calculating unit 152, and a measurement data output unit 153. That is, the processor 14 includes the observation data acquiring unit 141, the first measurement data generating unit 142, the second measurement data generating unit 143, the observation information generating unit 144, an average velocity calculating unit 145, the first deflection amount calculating unit 146, the second deflection amount calculating unit 147, a coefficient calculating unit 148, the third deflection amount calculating unit 149, an offset calculating unit 150, the static response calculating unit 151, the shock coefficient calculating unit 152, and the measurement data output unit 153.

[0212] The observation data acquisition unit 141 acquires the observation data 242 received by the first communication unit 11, and stores it in the storage unit 13 as the observation data 133. That is, the observation data acquisition unit 141 performs the process of the observation data acquisition step S10 in FIG.

[0213] The first measured data generating unit 142 reads out the observation data 133 stored in the storage unit 13, and generates the measured data u(t) which is the first measured data based on the acceleration as a physical quantity which is a response to the action of the multiple axles of the railway vehicle 6 moving on the superstructure 7 on the observation point R, based on the acceleration data a(t) which is the observation data 133. Specifically, the first measured data generating unit 142 integrates the acceleration data a(t) which is the observation data 133 to generate the speed data v(t) as in the above-mentioned formula (1), and further integrates the speed data v(t) to generate the measured data u(t) as in the above-mentioned formula (2). That is, the first measured data generating unit 142 performs the process of the first measured data generating step S20 in FIG. 21, specifically, the processes of steps S201 and S202 in FIG. 22.

[0214] The second measurement data generating unit 143 generates the second measurement data u(t) by filtering the measurement data u(t) generated by the first measurement data generating unit 142 to reduce vibration components. lpFor example, the second measured data generating unit 143 performs filtering to generate the fundamental frequency F f A low-pass filter process is performed to attenuate the vibration components of the above frequencies. Specifically, the second measurement data generation unit 143 performs a fast Fourier transform process on the measurement data u(t) to calculate the power spectrum density, and identifies the peak of the power spectrum density as the fundamental frequency F f The fundamental frequency F of the measured data u(t) is calculated as f The measurement data u is processed by a low-pass filter that attenuates the vibration components of the frequency above lp The second measurement data generating unit 143 generates the fundamental frequency F f The fundamental period T f Then, the measurement data u(t) is processed by moving average to obtain the measurement data u lp Alternatively, the second measurement data generating unit 143 may perform low-pass filtering to generate the measurement data u(t) with a fundamental frequency F f The measurement data u is processed by FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies above lp 23. In other words, the second measured data generating unit 143 performs the process of the second measured data generating step S30 in FIG.

[0215] The observation information generating unit 144 uses the measurement data u generated by the second measurement data generating unit 143. lp Based on (t), the approach time t i and departure time t o The observation information generating unit 144 generates observation information 134 including the amplitude u a Then, using the above equation (6), the measurement data u lp Next, the observation information generating unit 144 calculates the average value of the section from time t1 to time t2, during which the amplitude of (t) is shifted. i As the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is determined by a predetermined coefficient C Land the amplitude u a The threshold C L u a or threshold C L u a The observation information generating unit 144 also calculates a first time when the advance time t o As the measurement data u lp The amplitude of (t) is threshold C L u a or threshold C L u a The observation information generating unit 144 calculates a second time that is later than the first time and exceeds the first time, as shown in the above formula (7). , transit time t s Then, the advance time t o and approach time t i Next, the observation information generating unit 144 calculates the difference between the number of railcars 6, C T As the transit time t s and the fundamental frequency F f The product of s F f Then, the observation information generating unit 144 calculates the maximum integer equal to or smaller than the number obtained by subtracting 1 from the approach time t i , entry time t o , transit time t s and number of vehicles C T 24. That is, the observation information generating unit 144 performs the process of the observation information generating step S40 in FIG.

[0216] The average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the average speed v of the railcar 6 based on the observation information 134 stored in the storage unit 13 and the environmental information 132 including the dimensions of the railcar 6 and the dimensions of the superstructure 7 that have been created in advance and stored in the storage unit 13. a Specifically, the average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the distance D from the leading axle to the trailing axle of the railcar 6 by the above-mentioned formula (11) based on the environmental information 132. wa (a w (C T ,a T (C TIn addition, the average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the length L of the superstructure 7, which is the distance from the entrance end to the exit end of the superstructure 7, based on the environmental information 132. B Then, the average speed calculation unit 145 calculates the approach time t i and departure time t o , distance D wa (a w (C T ,a T (C T ))) and the length L of the superstructure 7 B Based on this, the average speed of the railcar 6, v a That is, the average speed calculation unit 145 performs the process of the average speed calculation step S50 in Fig. 21, specifically, the processes of steps S501, S502, and S503 in Fig. 25.

[0217] The first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the deflection amount of the superstructure 7 based on the above-mentioned formula (35), the observation information 134 stored in the memory unit 13, the environmental information 132 stored in the memory unit 13, and the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 calculated by the average speed calculation unit 145. a Based on this, a first deflection amount T of the superstructure 7 due to the railway vehicle 6 is calculated. std Specifically, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 first calculates the distance C from the front axle of the railcar 6 by the above-mentioned formula (10) based on the environmental information 132. m Distance D to the nth axle of the nth vehicle wa (a w (C m Next, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the position L of the observation point R included in the environmental information 132. x and the average speed v a Using the above equation (37), the distance between the entrance end of the superstructure 7 and the position L of the observation point R of any axle of the railway vehicle 6 is calculated. x The time it takes to reach xn In addition, the first deflection calculation unit 146 calculates the length L of the upper structure 7, which is the distance from the entry end to the exit end of the upper structure 7. B and the average speed v aUsing the above equation (38), the time t required for any axle of the railcar 6 to pass through the superstructure 7 is calculated. ln Furthermore, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the approach time t i and distance D wa (a w (C m ,n)) and the average speed v a Using the above equation (39), the C of railway car 6 is m The time t0 (C m Next, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the approximation equation of the deflection of the upper structure 7, which is the above-mentioned equation (35), and the time t xn and time t ln At time t0(C m , n) using the above equation (40), C m The deflection of the superstructure 7 due to the n-th axle of the th vehicle w std (a w (C m Next, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the deflection amount w std (a w (C m ,n),t) using the above equation (42), C m Deflection of superstructure 7 by the th vehicle C std (C m , t). Then, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 calculates the deflection amount C std (C m , t) and the deflection T of the superstructure 7 due to the railway vehicle 6 is calculated using the above equation (43). std 26. That is, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 performs the process of the first deflection amount calculation step S60 in FIG.

[0218] The second deflection amount calculation unit 147 calculates the deflection amount T std The second deflection, T, is the deflection obtained by filtering (t) to reduce the vibration component. std_lpFor example, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147 performs filtering processing to calculate the deflection amount (t). The deflection amount T std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M A low-pass filter process is performed to attenuate the vibration components of the above frequencies. std (t) is processed by fast Fourier transform to obtain the fundamental frequency F M The deflection amount T std The fundamental frequency F of (t) M The deflection amount T is calculated by performing low-pass filter processing to attenuate vibration components with frequencies above std_lp The second deflection amount calculation unit 147 calculates the fundamental frequency F M The fundamental period T M Deflection amount T std The deflection amount T is calculated by taking the moving average of (t). std_lp Alternatively, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147 may calculate the deflection amount T std (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F M The signal components with frequencies above 1000 Hz are attenuated by FIR filtering to obtain the deflection T std_lp 27. That is, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147 performs the process of the second deflection amount calculation step S70 in FIG 21, specifically, the process of steps S701 and S702 in FIG 27.

[0219] The coefficient calculation unit 148 calculates the measured data u lp (t) is the deflection amount T calculated by the second deflection amount calculation unit 147. std_lp (t) to calculate the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 of the linear function. Specifically, the coefficient calculation unit 148 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 of the linear function as shown in the above equation (47) using the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection T std_lp The coefficient calculation unit 148 approximates the linear function of (t) and calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 using the least squares method according to the above-mentioned equations (49) and (50). That is, the coefficient calculation unit 148 performs the process of the coefficient calculation step S80 in FIG.

[0220] The third deflection amount calculation unit 149 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 calculated by the coefficient calculation unit 148 and the deflection amount T std_lp Based on (t) and the third deflection, the deflection T Estd_lp Specifically, the third deflection calculation unit 149 calculates the approach time t i Sections and entry times t o In the section after this, the primary coefficient c1 and the deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product c1T std_lp (t), and the approach time is t i and the advance time t o In the interval between std_lp The deflection T is the sum of (t) and the zero-order coefficient c0 Estd_lp That is, the third deflection amount calculation unit 149 performs the process of the third deflection amount calculation step S90 in FIG.

[0221] The offset calculation unit 150 calculates the zero-order coefficient c0 calculated by the coefficient calculation unit 148 and the deflection amount T std_lp (t) and the deflection amount T calculated by the third deflection amount calculation unit 149 Estd_lp (t) and offset T based on offset_std Specifically, the offset calculation unit 150 calculates the deflection amount T Estd_lp (t) and deflection T std_lp (t) and amplitude ratio R T Then, the offset calculation unit 150 calculates the amplitude ratio R T and deflection amount T std_lp (t) and its product R T T std_lp (t) is replaced with the zeroth order coefficient c0 to obtain the offset T offset_std 28. That is, offset calculation section 150 performs the process of offset calculation step S100 in FIG. 21, specifically, the process of steps S1001 and S1002 in FIG.

[0222] The static response calculation unit 151 calculates the first coefficient c1 calculated by the coefficient calculation unit 148 and the deflection amount T calculated by the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 as in the above-mentioned equation (56). std (t) and its product c1T std (t) and the offset T calculated by the offset calculation unit 150 offset_std (t) is added to obtain the static response deflection T EOstd 21. That is, the static response calculation unit 151 performs the process of the static response calculation step S110 in FIG.

[0223] The impact coefficient calculation unit 152 calculates the static response, ie, the deflection amount T EOstd Based on (t), the impact factor i α In this embodiment, the shock coefficient calculation unit 152 calculates the maximum amplitude of the measurement data u(t) generated by the first measurement data generation unit 142 and the amount of deflection T EOstd Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the shock coefficient i α Specifically, the impact coefficient calculation unit 152 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstd The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S s The maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is given by the above equation (58), S s Calculate the maximum amplitude of the measured data u(t) as the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S is given by the above equation (59). d Calculate the impact factor i using the above equation (57). α That is, the impact coefficient calculation unit 152 performs the process of the impact coefficient calculation step S120 in FIG.

[0224] Impact factor i α is stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. The measurement data 135 includes the impact factor i α In addition to the measured data u(t), u lp (t), deflection T std (t),T std_lp (t),T Estd_lp (t),T EOstd(t) etc. may also be included.

[0225] The measurement data output unit 153 reads out the measurement data 135 stored in the storage unit 13, and outputs the measurement data 135 to the monitoring device 3. Specifically, under the control of the measurement data output unit 153, the second communication unit 12 transmits the measurement data 135 stored in the storage unit 13 to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. That is, the measurement data output unit 153 performs the process of the measurement data output step S130 in FIG.

[0226] In this way, the measurement program 131 is a program that causes the measurement device 1, which is a computer, to execute each procedure of the flowchart shown in FIG.

[0227] As shown in FIG. 29, the monitoring device 3 includes a communication unit 31, a processor 32, a display unit 33, an operation unit 34, and a storage unit 35.

[0228] The communication unit 31 receives measurement data 135 from the measurement device 1 and outputs the received measurement data 135 to the processor 32 .

[0229] The display unit 33 displays various types of information under the control of the processor 32. The display unit 33 may be, for example, a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display. EL is an abbreviation for Electro Luminescence.

[0230] The operation unit 34 outputs operation data corresponding to an operation by a user to the processor 32. The operation unit 34 may be, for example, an input device such as a mouse, a keyboard, or a microphone.

[0231] The storage unit 35 is a memory that stores various programs, data, etc. for the processor 32 to perform calculation processing and control processing. The storage unit 35 also stores programs, data, etc. for the processor 32 to realize predetermined application functions.

[0232] The processor 32 acquires the measurement data 135 received by the communication unit 31, evaluates the change in displacement of the superstructure 7 over time based on the acquired measurement data 135, generates evaluation information, and displays the generated evaluation information on the display unit 33.

[0233] In this embodiment, the processor 32 functions as a measurement data acquiring unit 321 and a monitoring unit 322 by executing a monitoring program 351 stored in the storage unit 35. That is, the processor 32 includes the measurement data acquiring unit 321 and the monitoring unit 322.

[0234] The measurement data acquisition unit 321 acquires the measurement data 135 received by the communication unit 31, and adds the acquired measurement data 135 to the measurement data sequence 352 stored in the storage unit .

[0235] The monitoring unit 322 statistically evaluates the change over time in the amount of deflection of the superstructure 7, based on the measurement data string 352 stored in the memory unit 35. Then, the monitoring unit 322 generates evaluation information indicating the evaluation result, and displays the generated evaluation information on the display unit 33. The user can monitor the condition of the superstructure 7, based on the evaluation information displayed on the display unit 33.

[0236] The monitoring unit 322 may perform processes such as monitoring the railway vehicle 6 and determining whether there is an abnormality in the superstructure 7, based on the measurement data sequence 352 stored in the memory unit 35.

[0237] Furthermore, the processor 32 transmits information for adjusting the operating conditions of the measuring device 1 and the sensor 2 to the measuring device 1 via the communication unit 31 based on operation data output from the operation unit 34. The operating conditions of the measuring device 1 are adjusted based on the information received via the second communication unit 12. Furthermore, the measuring device 1 transmits information for adjusting the operating conditions of the sensor 2 received via the second communication unit 12 to the sensor 2 via the first communication unit 11. The operating conditions of the sensor 2 are adjusted based on the information received via the communication unit 21.

[0238] In addition, the processors 14, 23, and 32 may realize the functions of each part by individual hardware, or may realize the functions of each part by integrated hardware. For example, the processors 14, 23, and 32 include hardware, and the hardware may include at least one of a circuit for processing digital signals and a circuit for processing analog signals. The processors 14, 23, and 32 may be a CPU, a GPU, or a DSP. CPU stands for Central Processing Unit, GPU stands for Graphics Processing Unit, and DSP stands for Digital Signal Processor. In addition, the processors 14, 23, and 32 may be configured as a custom IC such as an ASIC to realize the functions of each part, or may realize the functions of each part by a CPU and an ASIC. ASIC stands for Application Specific Integrated Circuit, and IC stands for Integrated Circuit.

[0239] The storage units 13, 24, and 35 are configured by, for example, various IC memories such as ROM, flash ROM, and RAM, hard disks, memory cards, and other recording media. ROM stands for Read Only Memory, RAM stands for Random Access Memory, and IC stands for Integrated Circuit. The storage units 13, 24, and 35 include non-volatile information storage devices that are devices or media readable by a computer, and various programs, data, and the like may be stored in the information storage devices. The information storage devices may be optical disks such as DVDs and CDs, hard disk drives, or various types of memories such as card-type memories and ROMs.

[0240] 29 shows only one sensor 2, multiple sensors 2 may each generate observation data 242 and transmit it to the measurement device 1. In this case, the measurement device 1 receives the multiple observation data 242 transmitted from the multiple sensors 2, generates multiple measurement data 135, and transmits it to the monitoring device 3. In addition, the monitoring device 3 receives the multiple measurement data 135 transmitted from the measurement device 1, and monitors the states of the multiple superstructures 7 based on the received multiple measurement data 135.

[0241] 1-5.Effects According to the measurement method of the first embodiment described above, the measurement device 1 filters the measurement data u(t) to reduce vibration components, thereby obtaining measurement data u(t). lp (t) is the deflection T std The deflection amount T obtained by filtering (t) to reduce the vibration component std_lp By approximating the static and dynamic responses contained in the measurement data u(t) with a linear function of (t), According to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the measurement data u lp The linear coefficient c1, which is the linear term of the linear function that approximates (t), and the deflection amount T std (t) and its product c1T std (t) corresponds to the displacement of the superstructure 7 proportional to the load of the railcar 6, and the offset T offset_std Since (t) corresponds to a displacement that is not proportional to the load of the railway vehicle 6, such as play or floating of the superstructure 7, the product c1T std (t) and offset T offset_std By adding (t) and (t), the static response can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0242] According to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measurement device 1 detects the fundamental frequency F f The above vibration components are attenuated in the measurement data u lp (t) is the deflection T std_lp By approximating with a linear function of (t), the accuracy of calculating the first-order coefficient c1 and the zeroth-order coefficient c0 of the linear function is improved, so that the static response can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0243] According to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the offset T , which reflects the fact that in the section where the railcar 6 passes through the superstructure 7, a displacement that is not proportional to the load of the railcar 6, such as play or floating of the superstructure 7, occurs, and in the other sections, no displacement of the superstructure 7 occurs, by using the above-mentioned formula (55). offset_std Since (t) is calculated, the static response can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0244] According to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the time t i and departure time t o Based on the number of railcars 6 C T Therefore, the number of vehicles C T It is possible to accurately calculate the static response when a railway vehicle 6 of unknown magnitude moves across the superstructure 7.

[0245] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measurement device 1 generates measurement data u in which the vibration component is reduced. lp Based on (t), the entry time t i and departure time t o Since it is possible to accurately calculate the static response, it is possible to accurately calculate the static response.

[0246] Therefore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the shock coefficient i α can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0247] According to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measurement device 1 generates measurement data u(t) based on the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2, and calculates the deflection amount T of the superstructure 7 caused by the railway vehicle 6 based on the measurement data u(t) and equation (35), which is an approximation equation of deflection based on a structural model reflecting the structure of the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5. std Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the measurement data u(t) and the deflection amount T std(t) and (t) are used to calculate the impact coefficient i when the railcar 6 moves along the superstructure 7. α Therefore, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measurement device 1 can calculate the impact factor i α can be calculated.

[0248] In addition, according to the measurement method of the first embodiment, since the speed of the railway vehicle 6 actually changes slightly but hardly at all, the measurement device 1 can measure the speed of the railway vehicle 6 at a constant average speed v a If the vehicle travels at an average speed of v a Based on the deflection amount T std By calculating (t), the deflection amount T std The amount of calculation can be significantly reduced while maintaining the calculation accuracy of (t).

[0249] According to the measurement method of the first embodiment, the measurement device 1 directly measures the average speed v a Without measuring the acceleration data a(t) output from the sensor 2, the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 can be calculated by a simple calculation using equation (13). a can be calculated.

[0250] 2. Second embodiment In the following, the second embodiment will be described mainly with respect to the differences from the first embodiment, with the same reference numerals used for the same components as those in the first embodiment, and explanations that overlap with the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified. In the second embodiment, the impact coefficient i α The calculation method is different from that in the first embodiment.

[0251] In the second embodiment, first, the measurement device 1 measures the amount of deflection T EOstd Calculate (t).

[0252] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount T from the measurement data u(t) as shown in equation (60). EOstd Subtract (t) to get the natural vibration u nv (t) is calculated. This natural vibration u nv(t) corresponds to the dynamic response when the railway vehicle 6 passes through the superstructure 7. nv An example of (t) is shown below.

[0253]

number

[0254] The natural frequency u as the first dynamic response calculated by equation (60) nv (t) includes unnecessary signals in addition to the fundamental wave. Therefore, the measurement device 1 detects the natural vibration u nv To extract the fundamental of (t), the first dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv (t) is filtered to attenuate unwanted signals and the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is calculated. The unnecessary signal is, for example, the fundamental frequency F N These are signal components and harmonic components with frequencies lower than

[0255] Natural vibration u nv The filtering process attenuates the unwanted signals from (t) and the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N In addition, the gain of the natural vibration u nv The filtering process that attenuates unwanted signals from (t) is the fundamental frequency F N This may include high pass filtering to attenuate signal components with frequencies lower than

[0256] For example, the measurement device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv After performing high-pass filtering on (t), the measurement device 1 may further perform low-pass filtering. nv For (t), the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N The natural vibration u is generated by high-pass filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies lower thannv_hp Calculate (t).

[0257] Specifically, first, the measurement device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv (t) is subjected to fast Fourier transform to calculate the power spectrum density, and the peak of the power spectrum density is taken as the fundamental frequency F N Figure 31 shows the natural vibration u nv The power spectrum density obtained by fast Fourier transform processing of (t) is shown in FIG. 31. In the example of FIG. 31, the fundamental frequency F N is calculated to be about 3 Hz. Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the fundamental frequency F N From the fundamental period T N Calculate the fundamental period T N The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data by dividing by ΔT. mN Calculate the fundamental period T N is the fundamental frequency F N is the period corresponding to T N >2ΔT.

[0258]

number

[0259]

number

[0260] Then, the measuring device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv From (t), the fundamental period T N The natural frequency u nv (t) is subjected to a moving average process to reduce the vibration components, and a high-pass filter process is performed to subtract the low-frequency signal components, resulting in the natural vibration u nv_hp This moving average process not only requires a small amount of calculation, but also calculates the fundamental frequency F N Since the attenuation of the signal component of and its harmonic components is very large, a low-frequency signal component with effectively reduced vibration components can be obtained. Therefore, according to equation (63), the natural vibration unv_hp (t) is obtained. Figure 32 shows the frequency characteristics of the high-pass filter using equation (63). Figure 33 shows the natural vibration u nv_hp An example of (t) is shown below.

[0261]

number

[0262] The measurement device 1 performs high-pass filtering to measure the natural vibration u nv (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F N The natural vibration u is generated by performing FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies lower than nv_hp (t) may be calculated.

[0263] Furthermore, the measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv_hp The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N The second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp For example, the natural vibration u nv In the power spectrum density of (t), the third harmonic component is large. Therefore, in order to attenuate the third harmonic component, the measurement device 1 reduces the fundamental period T N The moving average interval k is adjusted to the time resolution of the data by dividing the three-fold period by ΔT. mL Calculate the following: N >2ΔT.

[0264]

number

[0265] Natural vibration u nv_hp (t) is the moving average interval k mL When the moving average is applied, the fundamental frequency F N and three times its frequency, 3F NSince the frequency interval between the fundamental frequency F N Gain of g N is smaller than 1. The transfer characteristic of the moving average filter is expressed by equation (65), so the measurement device 1 can be expressed by equation (65) as follows: ω = 2πF N The gain g when N can be calculated.

[0266]

number

[0267] Therefore, the fundamental frequency F N The correction coefficient for correcting the gain of g to 1 is N -1 The measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv (t) and attenuates the third harmonic component of the fundamental frequency F N A low-pass filter is performed to correct the gain at , the natural vibration u as the second dynamic response nv_3lp (t) is calculated. The natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is basically the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N The natural vibration u nv_3lp An example of (t) is shown below.

[0268]

number

[0269] In addition, the natural vibration u nv When the second harmonic component included in (t) is large, the measuring device 1 performs a moving average process to attenuate the second harmonic component. nv When the second harmonic component and the third harmonic component included in (t) are both large, the measuring device 1 may perform both a moving average process to attenuate the second harmonic component and a moving average process to attenuate the third harmonic component. nvWhen the n-th harmonic component contained in (t) is large, the measuring device 1 may perform a moving average process to attenuate the n-th harmonic component.

[0270] In addition, the measurement device 1 performs low-pass filtering to detect the natural vibration u nv_hp (t) with respect to the fundamental frequency F N The natural vibration u is generated by performing FIR filtering to attenuate the signal components with frequencies higher than nv_3lp (t) may be calculated.

[0271] The measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv In the above, a case has been described in which high-pass filtering is performed on (t) and then low-pass filtering is performed. nv A low-pass filter may be applied to (t) and then a high-pass filter may be applied to the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N When the signal components at frequencies lower than 1000 Hz are small, the measurement device 1 does not need to perform high-pass filtering.

[0272] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) and the static response deflection T EOstd (t) is added to obtain the displacement waveform u md Calculate (t).

[0273]

number

[0274] The measurement device 1 then measures the static response, i.e., the deflection T EOstd Based on (t), the impact factor i α In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the displacement waveform u md (t) maximum amplitude and deflection T EOstd Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the shock coefficient i α Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstdThe maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S s Then, using the above equation (58), the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is S s Calculate.

[0275] The measurement device 1 also measures the displacement waveform u md The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d Then, the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d In equation (68), min{u md (t)} is the displacement waveform u md This is a function that extracts the minimum value of (t).

[0276]

number

[0277] Figure 36 shows the deflection T EOstd (t), Displacement waveform u md (t) and maximum amplitude S s ,S d Here, when a railcar 6 passes through the superstructure 7, the deflection amount T EOstd (t) and displacement waveform u md (t) becomes negative, and the deflection amount T EOstd The minimum value of (t) and the displacement waveform u md The minimum value of (t) is the maximum amplitude. However, when the railcar 6 passes through the superstructure 7, the deflection amount T EOstd (t) and displacement waveform u md If (t) is a positive value, the deflection T EOstd (t) maximum value and displacement waveform u md The maximum value of (t) should be taken as the maximum amplitude.

[0278] Then, the measuring device 1 measures the maximum amplitude S calculated by the above equation (58). s and the maximum amplitude S calculated by equation (68) d Substituting this into the above equation (57), the shock coefficient i α Calculate.

[0279] Fig. 37 is a flow chart showing an example of the procedure of the measurement method of the second embodiment. In Fig. 37, the same reference numerals are given to steps that perform the same processes as those in Fig. 21. In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 executes the procedure shown in Fig. 37.

[0280] As shown in FIG. 37, first, similarly to the first embodiment, the measuring device 1 performs each process of steps S10 to S110.

[0281] Next, in a first dynamic response calculation step S111, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T as a static response in step S110 from the measurement data u(t) generated in step S20 as shown in the above equation (60). EOstd (t) is subtracted to obtain the natural vibration u as the first dynamic response. nv Calculate (t).

[0282] Next, in a second dynamic response calculation step S112, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv (t) is filtered to attenuate unwanted signals and the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is calculated. This filtering process calculates the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N , and may include low-pass filtering to correct the gain at the fundamental frequency F N The second dynamic response calculation step S112 may include a high-pass filter process for attenuating signal components having a frequency lower than the frequency of the first dynamic response calculation step S112. An example of the procedure of the second dynamic response calculation step S112 will be described later.

[0283] Next, in the displacement waveform calculation step S113, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) and the static response, deflection T calculated in step S110 EOstd (t) is added to obtain the displacement waveform u md Calculate (t).

[0284] Next, in the impact coefficient calculation step S120, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstd Based on (t), the impact factor i α In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the displacement waveform u md The maximum amplitude of (t) and the deflection amount T calculated in step S110 EOstd Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the shock coefficient i α Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstd The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S s The maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is given by the above equation (58), S s Calculate the displacement waveform u md The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S is given by the above equation (68). d Calculate the impact factor i using the above equation (57). α Calculate.

[0285] Next, in the measurement data output step S130, the measurement device 1 outputs the impact factor i calculated in step S120. α The measurement device 1 outputs measurement data including the measurement result to the monitoring device 3. The measurement data is transmitted to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. The measurement data is a shock wave factor i α In addition to the measured data u(t), u lp (t), deflection T std (t),T std_lp (t),T Estd_lp (t), deflection T EOstd (t), natural vibration u nv (t),u nv_3lp (t), Displacement waveform u md (t) etc. may also be included.

[0286] Then, the measuring device 1 repeats the processes of steps S10 to S130 until the measurement is completed in step S140.

[0287] FIG. 38 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the second dynamic response calculation step S112 of FIG.

[0288] As shown in FIG. 38, in step S1121, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv From (t), the fundamental period T N The natural frequency u nv (t) is subjected to a moving average process to reduce the vibration components, and a high-pass filter process is performed to subtract the low-frequency signal components, resulting in the natural vibration u nv_hp Calculate (t).

[0289] Furthermore, in step S1122, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u calculated in step S1121 by the above-mentioned equation (66). nv_hp The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N The second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp Calculate (t).

[0290] Fig. 42 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the measurement device 1 in the second embodiment. As shown in Fig. 42, the measurement device 1 in the second embodiment includes a first communication unit 11, a second communication unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a processor 14, similar to the first embodiment. The functions of the first communication unit 11, the second communication unit 12, and the storage unit 13 are similar to those in the first embodiment, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0291] In this embodiment, the processor 14 executes the measurement program 131 stored in the memory unit 13, and thereby functions as an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection amount calculation unit 146, a second deflection amount calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection amount calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a static response calculation unit 151, an impact coefficient calculation unit 152, a measurement data output unit 153, a first dynamic response calculation unit 154, a second dynamic response calculation unit 155 and a displacement waveform calculation unit 156. That is, the processor 14 includes an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection amount calculation unit 146, a second deflection amount calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection amount calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a static response calculation unit 151, an impact coefficient calculation unit 152, a measurement data output unit 153, a first dynamic response calculation unit 154, a second dynamic response calculation unit 155 and a displacement waveform calculation unit 156.

[0292] The functions of the observation data acquisition unit 141, the first measurement data generation unit 142, the second measurement data generation unit 143, the observation information generation unit 144, the average speed calculation unit 145, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147, the coefficient calculation unit 148, the third deflection amount calculation unit 149, the offset calculation unit 150, the static response calculation unit 151, and the measurement data output unit 153 are the same as those in the first embodiment, so their description will be omitted. The observation data acquisition unit 141 performs the process of the observation data acquisition step S10 in FIG. 37. The first measurement data generation unit 142 performs the process of the first measurement data generation step S20 in FIG. 37. The second measurement data generation unit 143 performs the process of the second measurement data generation step S30 in FIG. 37. The observation information generation unit 144 performs the process of the observation information generation step S40 in FIG. 37. The average velocity calculation unit 145 performs the process of the average velocity calculation step S50 in FIG. 37. The first deflection amount calculation unit 146 performs the process of the first deflection amount calculation step S50 in FIG. 37. The second deflection amount calculation unit 147 performs the process of the second deflection amount calculation step S70 of FIG. 37. The coefficient calculation unit 148 performs the process of the coefficient calculation step S80 of FIG. 37. The third deflection amount calculation unit 149 performs the process of the third deflection amount calculation step S90 of FIG. 37. The offset calculation unit 150 performs the process of the offset calculation step S100 of FIG. 37. The static response calculation unit 151 performs the process of the static response calculation step S110 of FIG. 37. The measurement data output unit 153 performs the process of the measurement data output step S130 of FIG. 37.

[0293] The first dynamic response calculation unit 154 calculates the amount of deflection T as a static response calculated by the static response calculation unit 151 from the measurement data u(t) generated by the first measurement data generation unit 142, as in the above-mentioned equation (56). EOstd (t) is subtracted to obtain the natural vibration u as the first dynamic response. nv The natural vibration u(t) calculated by the first dynamic response calculation unit 154 is calculated. nv (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the first dynamic response calculation unit 154 performs the process of the first dynamic response calculation step S111 in FIG.

[0294] The second dynamic response calculation unit 155 calculates the natural vibration u nv (t) is filtered to attenuate unwanted signals and the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is calculated. This filtering process calculates the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N , and may include low-pass filtering to correct the gain at the fundamental frequency F N For example, the second dynamic response calculation unit 155 may include a high-pass filter process for attenuating signal components having a frequency lower than the natural vibration u nv From (t), the fundamental period T N The natural frequency unv (t) is subjected to a moving average process to reduce the vibration components, and a high-pass filter process is performed to subtract the low-frequency signal components, resulting in the natural vibration u nv_hp Furthermore, the second dynamic response calculation unit 155 calculates the natural vibration u nv_hp The fundamental frequency F contained in (t) N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F N The second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp The second dynamic response calculation unit 155 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the second dynamic response calculation unit 155 performs the processing of the second dynamic response calculation step S112 in Fig. 37, specifically, the processing of steps S1121 and S1122 in Fig. 38.

[0295] The displacement waveform calculation unit 156 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) and the static response calculated by the static response calculation unit 151, that is, the deflection amount T EOstd (t) is added to obtain the displacement waveform u md (t) is calculated by the displacement waveform calculation unit 156. md (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the displacement waveform calculation unit 156 performs the process of the displacement waveform calculation step S113 in FIG.

[0296] The impact coefficient calculation unit 152 calculates the static response, ie, the deflection amount T EOstd Based on (t), the impact factor i α In this embodiment, the shock coefficient calculation unit 152 calculates the displacement waveform u md The maximum amplitude of (t) and the deflection amount T calculated by the static response calculation unit 151 EOstd Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the shock coefficient i α Specifically, the impact coefficient calculation unit 152 calculates the amount of deflection TEOstd The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S s The maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is given by the above equation (58), S s Calculate the displacement waveform u md The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S is given by the above equation (68). d Calculate the impact factor i using the above equation (57). α The impact factor i calculated by the impact factor calculation unit 152 is calculated. α is stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. 52 performs the process of calculating the impact coefficient S120 in FIG.

[0297] In this way, the measurement program 131 is a program that causes the measurement device 1, which is a computer, to execute each procedure of the flowchart shown in FIG.

[0298] According to the measurement method of the second embodiment described above, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T, which is a static response, with high accuracy from the measurement data u(t) by the above-mentioned equation (60). EOstd (t) is subtracted to obtain the first dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv (t) is calculated, and then filtering is performed to attenuate unnecessary signals to obtain the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0299] In particular, the measuring device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv (t), the fundamental frequency F N By performing high-pass filtering to attenuate signal components with frequencies lower than u, the natural vibration u is reduced in signal components caused by low-frequency noise and environmental vibrations. nv_hp Furthermore, the measurement device 1 obtains the natural vibration u nv_hp (t), the fundamental frequency F N Attenuates the harmonic components of the vibration component of the fundamental frequency F NBy performing low-pass filtering to correct the gain at nv_3lp (t) is obtained.

[0300] Therefore, according to the measurement method of the second embodiment, the measurement device 1 accurately calculates the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) and the static response deflection T EOstd (t) is added to obtain a highly accurate displacement waveform u md (t) is obtained, so the displacement waveform u md (t) based on impact factor i α can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0301] In addition, according to the measurement method of the second embodiment, it is possible to achieve the same effects as the measurement method of the first embodiment.

[0302] 3. Third embodiment In the following, the third embodiment will be described mainly with respect to the differences from the first and second embodiments, with the same reference numerals used for the same components as the first and second embodiments, and explanations that overlap with the first and second embodiments will be omitted or simplified. In the third embodiment, the impact coefficient i α The calculation method is different from that of the first and second embodiments.

[0303] In the third embodiment, first, the measurement device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv_3lp Calculate (t).

[0304] Next, the measurement device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope amplitude u of (t) nv_mag (t) is calculated. Specifically, the natural vibration u nv_3lp (t) is approximately the fundamental frequency F N Therefore, the measurement device 1 can calculate the natural vibration u nv_3lp The absolute value of (t) is low-pass filtered to obtain the envelope amplitude u nv_mag(t) is calculated. In FIG. 40, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag An example of (t) is shown below.

[0305]

number

[0306] Natural vibration u nv_3lp The absolute value of (t) is the fundamental frequency F N Since the signal contains twice the frequency of N For example, when the low-pass filter process is a moving average process as shown in equation (69), the moving average interval length t MA Let k be the fundamental frequency F N The value is divided by k=4, F N = 2.7917Hz, ΔT = 0.012 seconds, then t MA =118ΔT.

[0307]

number

[0308] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag In at least a first section T1 in which (t) increases, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The tentative amplitude u of the asymptote to which (t) approaches cst From the envelope amplitude u nv_mag Logarithm of the amplitude u after subtracting (t) nv_c Calculate (t).

[0309]

number

[0310] The first section T1 is at time t ex1 From time t ex2 The first section T1 starts at time t ex1 is the envelope amplitude u nv_magThe end time of the first section T1 is the time when the increase in (t) starts. ex2 is the time of advance t o For example, the measurement device 1 determines the exit time t out The range of time t that satisfies formula (73) may be set as the first section T1. out is the advance time t o Therefore, the end time t of the first interval T1 that satisfies equation (73) is ex2 is the time of advance t o It was before.

[0311]

number

[0312]

number

[0313] Figure 41 shows the envelope amplitude u nv_mag FIG. 42 shows an example of a tentative amplitude u cst from envelope amplitude u nv_mag Logarithm of the amplitude u after subtracting (t) nv_c 13 shows an example of (t) and the first section T1.

[0314] Logarithm u in the first interval T1 nv_c (t) is the linear function u shown in equation (74). sl It is approximated by (t).

[0315]

number

[0316] The measurement device 1 uses the least squares method to calculate the error e(t) expressed by equation (75), that is, the logarithm u nv_c (t) and the linear function u of equation (74) sl The first-order coefficient e that minimizes the difference with (t) Calculate x1 and the zeroth order coefficient ex0.

[0317]

number

[0318] The first-order coefficient ex1 and the zeroth-order coefficient ex0 are calculated by equations (76) and (77), respectively. Here, the data interval corresponding to the approximated time interval is denoted as t ex1 ≦t≦t ex2 Let us assume that.

[0319]

number

[0320]

number

[0321] Equation (78) is derived from equations (71), (74) and (75).

[0322]

number

[0323] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates a tentative amplitude u cst The logarithm u when changing the parameter nv_c (t) is the logarithm u nv_c (u cst ,t) and the linear function u sl (t) and the integrated value E(u cst ) is calculated.

[0324]

number

[0325] In Figure 43, the tentative amplitude u cst and the integrated value E(ucst ) is shown. Also, Fig. 44 shows the relationship between the tentative amplitude u cst FIG. 45 is an enlarged view of FIG. 43 in the range of 1 to 5. Also, FIG. 45 shows the tentative amplitude u cst 45 is an enlarged view of FIG. 43 in the range of 1.36 to 1.39. cst In the range of 1.36 to 1.39, the integrated value E(u cst ) is the tentative amplitude u cst It is approximated by a quadratic function with variables.

[0326]

number

[0327] The measurement device 1 uses the least squares method to calculate the error y(u cst ), that is, the integrated value E(u cst ) and the quadratic function of equation (80) The 1st order coefficient c1 and the 0th order coefficient c0 are calculated.

[0328]

number

[0329] The second-order coefficient c2, the first-order coefficient c1, and the zero-order coefficient c0 are calculated by equations (82), (83), and (84), respectively. Here, the data interval corresponding to the approximated time interval is denoted by u cst1 ≦u cst ≦u cst2 In equations (82), (83), and (84), the interval of Σ is the data interval.

[0330]

number

[0331]

number

[0332]

number

[0333] Accumulated value E(u cst ) is the tentative amplitude u cst The amplitude u cst_c Then, equation (85) holds.

[0334]

number

[0335] From equation (85), the amplitude u cst_c is calculated by equation (86). cst ) and amplitude u cst_c In FIG. 46, the dotted line represents the quadratic function of equation (80).

[0336]

number

[0337] The measurement device 1 calculates the integrated value E(u cst ) into a tentative amplitude u cst Approximate the amplitude u by a quadratic function of cst_c The integrated value E(u cst ) into a tentative amplitude u cst Approximate the amplitude u by any polynomial of cst_c FIG. 47 shows the tentative amplitude u cst 47 is an enlarged view of FIG. 44 in the range of 1.3 to 1.5. In FIG. 47, as shown by the dotted line, the tentative amplitude u cst In the range of 1.3 to 1.5, the integrated value E(u cst ) is the tentative amplitude u cst It is approximated by a cubic function with variables.

[0338] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) is asymptotic The amplitude of the asymptote is u cst_c As shown in (87), the amplitude u cst_c from envelope amplitude u nv_mag Logarithm of the amplitude u after subtracting (t) nv_cc Calculate (t).

[0339]

number

[0340] The measurement device 1 uses the least squares method to calculate the error e(t) expressed by equation (88), that is, the logarithm u nv_c (t) and the linear function e x3 t+e x2 The first-order coefficient e that minimizes the difference with x3 and the zeroth coefficient e x2 Calculate.

[0341]

number

[0342] First order coefficient e x3 and the zeroth coefficient e x2 are calculated by equations (89) and (90), respectively. Here, the data interval corresponding to the approximate time interval is t ex1 ≦t≦t ex2 Let us assume that.

[0343]

number

[0344]

number

[0345] Equation (91) is derived from equations (87) and (88).

[0346]

number

[0347] From equation (91), the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The excitation curve u that approximates the interval where (t) increases env_a (t) is calculated using equation (92).

[0348]

number

[0349] Next, the measurement device 1 measures the natural vibration u nv_3lp In at least a part of the second section T2 in which the vibration component included in (t) attenuates, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) is approximated by an exponential function. The second section T2 is time t e0 From time t e1 The second section T2 starts at time t e0 is the time of advance t o For example, the measurement device 1 may calculate the exit time t out The range of time t that satisfies equation (93) is As described above, the exit time t out is the advance time t o Therefore, the start time t of the second interval T2 that satisfies equation (93) is e0 is the time of advance t o It is onwards.

[0350]

number

[0351] Start time t of the second section T2 e0 and end time t e1 For example, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The envelope amplitude u(t) is selected in a range where the logarithm y(t) of (t) is approximately linear. nv_mag 4 shows an example of the logarithm y(t) of (t) and the second interval T2.

[0352]

number

[0353] As shown in Fig. 48, after the railway vehicle 6 passes, the logarithm y(t) becomes almost a straight line in the second section T2 where the vibration of the superstructure 7 is attenuated. The logarithm y(t) in the second section T2 is approximated by the linear function Q(t) shown in equation (95).

[0354]

number

[0355] The measurement device 1 calculates, by the least squares method, the first-order coefficient q1 and the zeroth-order coefficient q0 that minimize the error e(t) expressed by equation (96), i.e., the difference between the logarithm y(t) and the linear function Q(t) of equation (95).

[0356]

number

[0357] The first-order coefficient q1 and the zeroth-order coefficient q0 are calculated by equations (97) and (98), respectively. Here, the data interval corresponding to the approximated time interval is t e0 ≦t≦t e1 Let us assume that.

[0358]

number

[0359]

number

[0360] In the second section T2, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The exponential function that approximates (t) is the damping oscillation curve u env_b (t), the damping curve u env_b (t) is calculated by equation (99) using the first-order coefficient q1 and the zeroth-order coefficient q0.

[0361]

number

[0362] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the excitation curve u as shown in equation (100). env_a (t) and damping curve u env_b (t) is synthesized to obtain the envelope u env Calculate (t).

[0363]

number

[0364] Figure 49 shows the excitation curve u env_a (t), damped vibration curve u env_b (t) and envelope u env (t) is shown. Also, Fig. 50 shows the relationship between the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) and envelope u env (t) is shown. Also, Fig. 51 shows the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t), excitation curve u env_a (t), damped vibration curve u env_b (t) and the amplitude of the asymptote u cst_c The relationship is shown below.

[0365] Next, the measurement device 1 measures the fundamental frequency F N and envelope u env Based on (t) and (101), the natural vibration u mv In equation (101), φ is the phase adjustment coefficient. mv An example of (t) is shown below.

[0366]

number

[0367] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the third dynamic response, the natural vibration u mv (t) and the static response deflection T EOstd(t) is added to obtain the displacement waveform u mdf Calculate (t).

[0368]

number

[0369] The measurement device 1 then measures the static response, i.e., the deflection T EOstd Based on (t), the impact factor i α In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the displacement waveform u mdf (t) maximum amplitude and deflection T EOstd Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the shock coefficient i α Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstd The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S s Then, using the above equation (58), the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is S s Calculate.

[0370] The measuring device 1 also measures the displacement waveform u mdf The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d Then, using equation (103), the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d In equation (103), min{u mdf (t)} is the displacement waveform u mdf This is a function that extracts the minimum value of (t).

[0371]

number

[0372] Figure 53 shows the deflection T EOstd (t), Displacement waveform u mdf (t) and maximum amplitude S s ,S d Here, when a railcar 6 passes through the superstructure 7, the deflection amount T E Ostd (t) and displacement waveform u mdf (t) becomes negative, and the deflection amount TEOstd The minimum value of (t) and the displacement waveform u mdf The minimum value of (t) is the maximum amplitude. However, when the railcar 6 passes through the superstructure 7, the deflection amount T EOstd (t) and displacement waveform u mdf If (t) is a positive value, the deflection T EOstd (t) maximum value and displacement waveform u mdf The maximum value of (t) should be taken as the maximum amplitude.

[0373] Then, the measuring device 1 measures the maximum amplitude S calculated by the above equation (58). s and the maximum amplitude S calculated by equation (103) d Substituting this into the above equation (57), the shock coefficient i α Calculate.

[0374] Fig. 54 is a flow chart showing an example of the procedure of the measurement method of the third embodiment. In Fig. 54, the same reference numerals are given to steps that perform the same processes as those in Fig. 37. In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 executes the procedure shown in Fig. 54.

[0375] As shown in FIG. 54, first, similarly to the second embodiment, the measuring device 1 performs each process of steps S10 to S112.

[0376] Next, in the envelope amplitude calculation step S114, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope amplitude u of (t) nv_mag Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp The absolute value of (t) is low-pass filtered and multiplied by π / 2 to obtain the envelope amplitude u nv_mag Calculate (t).

[0377] Next, in the asymptote amplitude calculation step S115, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The amplitude u of the asymptote that increases with (t) cst_cAn example of the procedure of the asymptote amplitude calculation step S115 will be described later.

[0378] Next, in the excitation curve calculation step S116, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) and the amplitude u of the asymptote calculated in step S115 cst_c Based on the above, the second dynamic response calculated in step S112 is the natural vibration u nv_3lp Excitation curve u of the vibration component contained in (t) env_a An example of the procedure of the excitation curve calculation step S116 will be described later.

[0379] Next, in the damping vibration curve calculation step S117, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag Based on (t), the second dynamic response, which is the natural vibration u nv_3lp Damping curve u of the vibration component contained in (t) env_b An example of the procedure of the damping oscillation curve calculation step S117 will be described later.

[0380] Next, in a third dynamic response calculation step S118, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N and the excitation curve u calculated in step S116. env_a (t) and the damping vibration curve u calculated in step S117 env_b Based on (t) and (t), the natural vibration u as the third dynamic response mv An example of the procedure of the third dynamic response calculation step S118 will be described later.

[0381] Next, in the displacement waveform calculation step S119, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u mv (t) and the static response, deflection T EOstd (t) is added to obtain the displacement waveform u mdf Calculate (t).

[0382] Next, in the impact coefficient calculation step S120, the measurement device 1 calculates the static The deflection T EOstd Based on (t), the impact factor i α In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates the displacement waveform u mdf The maximum amplitude of (t) and the deflection amount T calculated in step S110 EOstd Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the shock coefficient i α Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstd The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S s The maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is given by the above equation (58), S s Calculate the displacement waveform u mdf The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S is given by the above equation (103). d Calculate the impact factor i using the above equation (57). α Calculate.

[0383] Next, in the measurement data output step S130, the measurement device 1 outputs the impact factor i calculated in step S120. α To the monitoring device 3, the measurement device 1 outputs the measurement data including the shock absorber i to the monitoring device 3. Specifically, the measurement device 1 transmits the measurement data to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. The measurement data includes the shock absorber i α In addition to the measured data u(t), u lp (t), deflection T std (t),T std_lp (t),T Estd_lp (t), deflection T EOstd (t), natural vibration u nv (t),u nv_3lp (t),u mv (t), Displacement waveform u mdf (t), envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t), excitation curve u env_a (t), damped vibration curve u env_b (t) etc. may also be included.

[0384] Then, the measuring device 1 repeats the processes of steps S10 to S130 until the measurement is completed in step S140.

[0385] FIG. 55 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the asymptote amplitude calculation step S115 of FIG.

[0386] As shown in FIG. 55, first, in step S1151, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u calculated in step S114 of FIG. 54 as in the above-mentioned equation (71). nv_mag In at least a first section T1 in which (t) increases, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The tentative amplitude u of the asymptote to which (t) approaches cst With parameters, the tentative amplitude u cst from envelope amplitude u nv_mag Logarithm of the amplitude u after subtracting (t) nv_c (t) is calculated. ex1 is the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) starts to increase, and ends at the end time t ex2 is the time of advance t o It was before.

[0387] Next, in step S1152, the measurement device 1 calculates the logarithm u calculated in step S1151 using the above-mentioned equations (76) and (77). nv_c (t) is approximated by the linear function u sl Calculate (t).

[0388] Next, in step S1153, the measurement device 1 calculates a tentative amplitude u cst Using the above equation (79) as a parameter, the logarithm u calculated in step S1151 is nv_c (u cst , t) and the linear function u calculated in step S1152 sl (t) and the integrated value E(u cst ) is calculated.

[0389] Then, in step S1154, the measurement device 1 calculates the integrated value E(u cst) is the tentative amplitude u cst , the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The amplitude u of the asymptote to which (t) approaches cst_c Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the tentative amplitude u cst With parameters, the integrated value E(u cst ) into a tentative amplitude u cst The polynomial is approximated by the amplitude u of the asymptote. cst_c This polynomial may be, for example, a quadratic function of the above-mentioned equation (80), or a cubic function.

[0390] FIG. 56 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the excitation curve calculation step S116 in FIG.

[0391] As shown in FIG. 56, first, in step S1161, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The amplitude u of the asymptote to which (t) approaches cst_c from envelope amplitude u nv_mag Logarithm of the amplitude u after subtracting (t) nv_cc Calculate (t).

[0392] Next, in step S1162, the measurement device 1 calculates the logarithm u calculated in step S1161 using the above-mentioned equations (89) and (90). nv_cc Calculate the coefficients ex3 and ex2 of the linear function of the above equation (88) that approximates (t).

[0393] Then, in step S1163, the measurement device 1 calculates the coefficient e x3 ,e x2 Based on this, the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp Excitation curve u of the vibration component contained in (t) env_a Calculate (t).

[0394] FIG. 57 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the damping oscillation curve calculation step S117 of FIG.

[0395] As shown in FIG. 57, in step S1171, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp In at least a part of the second section T2 in which the vibration component included in (t) attenuates, the envelope amplitude u calculated in step S114 of FIG. nv_mag (t) is approximated by an exponential function to calculate the coefficients q1 and q0 of the exponential function. e0 is the time of advance t o For example, the measurement device 1 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The logarithm y(t) of (t) is approximated by a linear function Q(t), and the power coefficients q1 and q0 are calculated using the above-mentioned equations (97) and (98).

[0396] Then, in step S1172, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u, which is the second dynamic response, by the above-mentioned equation (99) based on the power coefficients q1 and q0 calculated in step S1171. nv_3lp Damping curve u of the vibration component contained in (t) env_b Calculate (t).

[0397] FIG. 58 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the third dynamic response calculation step S118 in FIG.

[0398] As shown in FIG. 58, in step S1181, the measurement device 1 calculates the excitation curve u calculated in step S116 of FIG. 54 as in the above-mentioned formula (100). env_a (t) and the damping vibration curve u calculated in step S117 env_b (t) is synthesized to obtain the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope of the vibration component contained in (t) u env Calculate (t).

[0399] Then, in step S1182, the measurement device 1 detects the fundamental frequency F N and the envelope u calculated in step S1181 env Based on (t) and (t), the natural vibration u mv Calculate (t).

[0400] Fig. 59 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the measurement device 1 in the third embodiment. As shown in Fig. 59, the measurement device 1 in the third embodiment includes a first communication unit 11, a second communication unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a processor 14, similar to the first and second embodiments. The functions of the first communication unit 11, the second communication unit 12, and the storage unit 13 are similar to those of the first and second embodiments, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0401] In this embodiment, the processor 14 executes the measurement program 131 stored in the memory unit 13 to control an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection amount calculation unit 146, and a second measurement data generation unit 147. The deflection amount calculation unit 146, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147, the coefficient calculation unit 148, the third deflection amount calculation unit 149, the offset calculation unit 150, the static response calculation unit 151, the impact coefficient calculation unit 152, the measurement data output unit 153, the first dynamic response calculation unit 154, the second dynamic response calculation unit 155, the envelope amplitude calculation unit 157, the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158, the excitation curve calculation unit 159, the damped vibration curve calculation unit 160, the third dynamic response calculation unit 161 and the displacement waveform calculation unit 162. That is, the processor 14 includes an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection amount calculation unit 146, a second deflection amount calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection amount calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a static response calculation unit 151, an impact coefficient calculation unit 152, a measurement data output unit 153, a first dynamic response calculation unit 154, a second dynamic response calculation unit 155, an envelope amplitude calculation unit 157, an asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158, an excitation curve calculation unit 159, a damped vibration curve calculation unit 160, a third dynamic response calculation unit 161 and a displacement waveform calculation unit 162.

[0402] The functions of the observation data acquisition unit 141, the first measurement data generation unit 142, the second measurement data generation unit 143, the observation information generation unit 144, the average speed calculation unit 145, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147, the coefficient calculation unit 148, the third deflection amount calculation unit 149, the offset calculation unit 150, the static response calculation unit 151, and the measurement data output unit 153 are the same as those of the first and second embodiments, and therefore their description will be omitted. The functions of the first dynamic response calculation unit 154 and the second dynamic response calculation unit 155 are the same as those of the second embodiment, and therefore their description will be omitted. The observation data acquisition unit 141 performs the process of the observation data acquisition step S10 in FIG. 54. The first measurement data generation unit 142 performs the process of the first measurement data generation step S20 in FIG. 54. The second measurement data generation unit 143 performs the process of the second measurement data generation step S30 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the observation information generating unit 144 performs the process of the observation information generating step S40 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the average speed calculating unit 145 performs the process of the average speed calculating step S50 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the first deflection amount calculating unit 146 performs the process of the first deflection amount calculating step S60 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the second deflection amount calculating unit 147 performs the process of the second deflection amount calculating step S70 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the coefficient calculating unit 148 performs the process of the coefficient calculating step S80 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the third deflection amount calculating unit 149 performs the process of the third deflection amount calculating step S90 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the offset calculating unit 150 performs the process of the offset calculating step S100 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the static response calculating unit 151 performs the process of the static response calculating step S110 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the measurement data outputting unit 153 performs the process of the measurement data outputting step S130 in FIG. 54. Moreover, the first dynamic response calculation unit 154 performs the process of a first dynamic response calculation step S111 in Fig. 54. Moreover, the second dynamic response calculation unit 155 performs the process of a second dynamic response calculation step S112 in Fig. 54.

[0403] The envelope amplitude calculation unit 157 calculates the second dynamic response, which is the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope amplitude u of (t) nv_mag Specifically, the envelope amplitude calculation unit 157 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lpThe absolute value of (t) is low-pass filtered and multiplied by π / 2 to obtain the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The envelope amplitude u(t) calculated by the envelope amplitude calculation unit 157 is calculated. nv_mag (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the envelope amplitude calculation unit 157 performs the process of the envelope amplitude calculation step S114 in FIG.

[0404] The asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158 ​​calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The amplitude u of the asymptote that increases with (t) cst_c Specifically, first, the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158 ​​calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag In at least a first section T1 in which (t) increases, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The tentative amplitude u of the asymptote to which (t) approaches cst With parameters, the tentative amplitude u cst from envelope amplitude u nv_mag Logarithm of the amplitude u after subtracting (t) nv_c (t) is calculated. ex1 is the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) begins to increase The end time of the first section T1 is t ex2 is the time of advance t o Next, the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158 ​​calculates the logarithm u nv_c (t) is approximated by the linear function u sl Next, the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158 ​​calculates the tentative amplitude u cst Using the above equation (79), logarithm u nv_c (u cst ,t) and the linear function u sl (t) and the integrated value E(u cst ) is calculated. Then, the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158 ​​calculates the integrated value E(u cst ) is the tentative amplitude u cst , the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The amplitude u of the asymptote to which (t) approachescst_c Specifically, the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158 ​​calculates the provisional amplitude u cst With parameters, the integrated value E(u cst ) into a tentative amplitude u cst The polynomial is approximated by the amplitude u of the asymptote. cst_c This polynomial may be, for example, a quadratic function of the above-mentioned equation (80) or a cubic function. That is, the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158 ​​performs the process of the asymptote amplitude calculation step S115 in Fig. 54, specifically, the processes of steps S1151, S1152, S1153, and S1154 in Fig. 55.

[0405] The excitation curve calculation unit 159 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) and the asymptote amplitude u calculated by the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158 cst_c Based on the above, the second dynamic response calculation unit 155 calculates the second dynamic response, which is the natural vibration u nv_3lp Excitation curve u of the vibration component contained in (t) env_a Specifically, first, the excitation curve calculation unit 159 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The amplitude u of the asymptote to which (t) approaches cst_c from envelope amplitude u nv_mag Logarithm of the amplitude u after subtracting (t) nv_cc Next, the excitation curve calculation unit 159 calculates the logarithm u (t) calculated in step S1161 by the above-mentioned equations (89) and (90). nv_cc The excitation curve calculation unit 159 calculates the coefficients ex3 and ex2 of the linear function of the above-mentioned equation (88) that approximates (t). x3 ,e x2 Based on this, the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp Excitation curve u of the vibration component contained in (t) env_a (t) is calculated. The excitation curve u env_a(t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the excitation curve calculation unit 159 performs the process of the excitation curve calculation step S116 in FIG. 54, specifically, the processes of steps S1161, S1162, and S1163 in FIG.

[0406] The damping oscillation curve calculation unit 160 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag Based on (t), the second dynamic response calculation unit 155 calculates the second dynamic response, which is the natural vibration u nv_3lp Damping curve u of the vibration component contained in (t) env_b Specifically, the damping vibration curve calculation unit 160 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp In at least a part of the second section T2 in which the vibration component included in (t) attenuates, the envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t) is approximated by an exponential function to calculate the coefficients q1 and q0 of the exponential function. e0 is the time of advance t o For example, the damping oscillation curve calculation unit 160 calculates the envelope amplitude u nv_mag The logarithm y(t) of (t) is approximated by a linear function Q(t), and the power coefficients q1 and q0 are calculated by the above-mentioned equations (97) and (98). Then, the damping vibration curve calculation unit 160 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp Damping curve u of the vibration component contained in (t) env_b (t) is calculated. The damping vibration curve u env_b (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the damping vibration curve calculation unit 160 performs the process of damping vibration curve calculation step S117 in Fig. 54, specifically, the processes of steps S1171 and S1172 in Fig. 57.

[0407] The third dynamic response calculation unit 161 calculates the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) Nand the excitation curve u calculated by the excitation curve calculation unit 159. env_a (t) and the damping vibration curve u calculated by the damping vibration curve calculation unit 160. env_ b Based on (t) and (t), the natural vibration u as the third dynamic response mv Specifically, the third dynamic response calculation unit 161 calculates the excitation curve u env_a (t) and damping curve u env_b (t) is synthesized to obtain the second dynamic response, the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope of the vibration component contained in (t) u env Then, the third dynamic response calculation unit 161 calculates the fundamental frequency F N and envelope u env Based on (t) and (t), the natural vibration u mv The third dynamic response calculation unit 161 calculates the natural vibration u mv (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the third dynamic response calculation unit 161 performs the processing of the third dynamic response calculation step S118 in Fig. 54, specifically, the processing of steps S1181 and S1182 in Fig. 58.

[0408] The displacement waveform calculation unit 162 calculates the third dynamic response, which is the natural vibration u mv (t) and the static response calculated by the static response calculation unit 151, that is, the deflection amount T EOstd (t) is added to obtain the displacement waveform u mdf (t) is calculated by the displacement waveform calculation unit 162. mdf (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the displacement waveform calculation unit 162 performs the process of the displacement waveform calculation step S119 in FIG.

[0409] The impact coefficient calculation unit 152 calculates the static response, ie, the deflection amount T EOstd Based on (t), the impact factor i αIn this embodiment, the shock coefficient calculation unit 152 calculates the displacement waveform u mdf The maximum amplitude of (t) and the deflection amount T calculated by the static response calculation unit 151 EOstd Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the shock coefficient i α Specifically, the impact coefficient calculation unit 152 calculates the amount of deflection T EOstd The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S s The maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is given by the above equation (58), S s Calculate the displacement waveform u mdf The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S is given by the above equation (103). d Calculate the impact factor i using the above equation (57). α The impact factor i calculated by the impact factor calculation unit 152 is calculated. α is stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the shock coefficient calculation unit 152 performs the process of the shock coefficient calculation step S120 in FIG.

[0410] In this way, the measurement program 131 is a program that causes the measurement device 1, which is a computer, to execute each procedure of the flowchart shown in FIG.

[0411] According to the measurement method of the third embodiment described above, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv_3lp The envelope amplitude u of (t) nv_mag Based on (t), the excitation curve u is calculated using the above equation (92). env_a (t) is calculated accurately, and the damping curve u is calculated using the above equation (99). env_b In particular, according to the measurement method of the third embodiment, the measurement device 1 can calculate the tentative amplitude u cst With parameters, the integrated value E(u cst ) into a tentative amplitude u cst The polynomial is approximated by the amplitude u of the asymptote. cst_c The amplitude of the asymptote, u, is calculated ascst_c can be calculated with high accuracy, so the excitation curve u env_a (t) can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0412] Furthermore, according to the measurement method of the third embodiment, the measurement device 1 can accurately calculate the excitation curve u env_a (t) and damping curve u env_b Based on (t), the envelope u is calculated using the above equation (100). env (t) and calculate the envelope u env Based on (t), the natural vibration u as the third dynamic response is calculated by equation (101). mv (t) can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0413] Therefore, according to the measurement method of the third embodiment, the measurement device 1 can obtain a highly accurately calculated The dynamic response of 3 is the natural frequency u mv (t) and the static response deflection T EOstd (t) is added to obtain a highly accurate displacement waveform u mdf (t) is obtained, so the displacement waveform u mdf (t) based on impact factor i α can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0414] In addition, according to the measurement method of the third embodiment, it is possible to achieve the same effects as the measurement method of the first or second embodiment.

[0415] 4. Fourth embodiment Hereinafter, regarding the fourth embodiment, components similar to those in the first, second or third embodiment will be given the same symbols, and explanations that overlap with the first, second or third embodiment will be omitted or simplified, and the following will mainly describe the differences from the first, second and third embodiments.

[0416] The excitation curve u calculated by the above equation (92) env_a (t) shows that the amplitude of the dynamic response increases when the superstructure 7 is continuously excited, and the asymptote amplitude u cstIf we assume that the number of railcars 6 is infinite, the dynamic response envelope u mv_a (t) is the damping curve u in the above equation (100). env_b (t) is the excitation curve u env_a Substituting (t), we get equation (104).

[0417]

number

[0418] The natural vibration u, which is the dynamic response when the number of railcars 6 is assumed to be infinite, mv_aa (t) is the fundamental frequency F N and envelope u mv_a Based on (t), it is obtained by equation (105). mv_aa An example of (t) is shown below.

[0419]

number

[0420] Thus, when the superstructure 7 is continuously excited, the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S d increases over time to an amplitude u cst Therefore, the impact factor i α increases with continued excitation.

[0421] Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, the measurement device 1 calculates a virtual impact coefficient i αX The virtual railcar 6' is an example of a virtual moving body.

[0422] First, the measurement device 1 measures a virtual deflection T stdXSpecifically, the measurement device 1 calculates C from the leading axle of the virtual railcar 6′ using the above-mentioned formula (10). m Distance D to the nth axle of the nth vehicle wa (a w (C m , n)). The measurement device 1 also calculates the C m The time t0 (C m , n). In addition, the measurement device 1 calculates the C m The deflection of the superstructure 7 due to the n-th axle of the th vehicle w std (a w (C m , n), t). Furthermore, the measurement device 1 calculates the above-mentioned equation (42) By this, the virtual railcar 6'C m Deflection of superstructure 7 by the th vehicle C std (C m Then, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection T of the superstructure 7 caused by the virtual railcar 6′ using the above-mentioned equation (43). std (t) is calculated and the virtual deflection amount T stdX Let (t).

[0423] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 calculated by the above-mentioned equation (49) and the virtual deflection amount T stdX (t) and its product c1T stdX (t) and the offset T calculated by the above equation (55) offset_std (t) is added to obtain the virtual static response, T EOstdX (t) is calculated. This virtual deflection T EOstdX (t) corresponds to the static response when the virtual railcar 6' passes through the superstructure 7. FIG. 61 shows the virtual deflection T EOstdX An example of (t) is shown below.

[0424]

number

[0425] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates a virtual damping vibration curve u, which is a damping vibration curve when a virtual railcar 6′ runs on the superstructure 7. env_bX Calculate (t).

[0426] A virtual exit time t , which is the exit time of the rearmost axle of the virtual railcar 6' of the number of cars CT' from the superstructure 7. outX is calculated by equation (107). T Virtual deflection T of the superstructure 7 due to a virtual railway vehicle 6 of '=30' EOstdX (t) and the virtual advance time t outX For comparison, Fig. 62 also shows the relationship between the number of vehicles C T The static response deflection T calculated by the above formula (56) when a railway vehicle 6 of 16 passes through the superstructure 7 is EOstd (t) and advance time t о is also shown.

[0427]

number

[0428] A hypothetical damping vibration curve u, which is a damping vibration curve when it is assumed that a hypothetical railcar 6' has passed through the superstructure 7 env_bX (t) is the damping curve u calculated by the above equation (99) as in equation (108). env_b (t) is the virtual entry time t outX and the advance time t о In equation (108), the time difference between the departure time t о The exit time t calculated by the above equation (72) out may be replaced with.

[0429]

number

[0430] Next, the measurement device 1 measures the virtual natural vibration u as a virtual dynamic response, which is a dynamic response when the virtual railcar 6′ passes through the superstructure 7. mvX Calculate (t).

[0431] As shown in equation (109), the excitation curve u env_a (t) and the virtual damping curve u env_bX (t) is synthesized to obtain the virtual envelope u envX (t) is calculated. In FIG. 63, the virtual envelope u envX For comparison, FIG. 63 shows an example of the envelope u(t) calculated by the above equation (100). env (t) is also shown by a dotted line.

[0432]

number

[0433] And the fundamental frequency F N and the virtual envelope u envX Based on (t) and (110), the virtual natural vibration u mvX (t) is calculated. Figure 64 shows the virtual natural vibration u mvX (t) and virtual deflection T EOstdX (t) is shown. Also, Fig. 65 shows the virtual natural vibration u mvX (t) and the natural vibration u calculated by the above equation (101). mv The relationship with (t) is shown.

[0434]

number

[0435] Next, the measurement device 1 calculates the virtual natural vibration u, which is a virtual dynamic response, as shown in equation (111). mvX (t) and the virtual static response T EOstdX (t) is added to obtain a virtual displacement waveform u, which is a displacement waveform of the superstructure 7 when it is assumed that the virtual railcar 6' has passed through the superstructure 7. mdfX Calculate (t).

[0436]

number

[0437] The measurement device 1 then calculates a virtual displacement waveform u mdfX The maximum amplitude of (t) and the virtual static response, the virtual deflection T EOstdX Based on the maximum amplitude of (t), the virtual impact coefficient i αX Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the virtual deflection amount T EOstdX The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S sX Then, according to equation (112), the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S sX In equation (112), min{T EOstdX (t)} is the virtual deflection T EOstdX This is a function that extracts the minimum value of (t).

[0438]

number

[0439] Similarly, the measurement device 1 detects a virtual displacement waveform u mdfX The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S dX Then, using equation (113), the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S dX In equation (113), min{u mdfX (t)} is the virtual displacement waveform u mdfX This is a function that extracts the minimum value of (t).

[0440]

number

[0441] Figure 66 shows the virtual deflection T EOstdX (t), Virtual displacement waveform u mdfX (t) and maximum amplitude S sX ,S dXHere, when it is assumed that a virtual railcar 6' passes through the superstructure 7, the virtual deflection amount T EOstdX (t) and virtual displacement waveform u mdfX (t) becomes a negative value, and the virtual deflection T EOstdX The minimum value of (t) and the virtual displacement waveform u mdfX The minimum value of (t) is the maximum amplitude. When passing through structure 7, the virtual deflection T EOstdX (t) and virtual displacement waveform u mdfX If we assume that (t) is a positive value, the virtual deflection T EOstdX The maximum value of (t) and the virtual displacement waveform u mdfX The maximum value of (t) should be taken as the maximum amplitude.

[0442] Then, the measuring device 1 measures the maximum amplitude S sX and the maximum amplitude S calculated by equation (113) dX Substituting into equation (114), the virtual impact coefficient i αX Calculate.

[0443]

number

[0444] Fig. 67 is a flow chart showing an example of the procedure of the measurement method of the fourth embodiment. In Fig. 67, the same reference numerals are given to steps that perform the same processes as those in Fig. 54. In this embodiment, the measurement device 1 executes the procedure shown in Fig. 67.

[0445] As shown in FIG. 67, first, similarly to the third embodiment, the measuring device 1 performs each process of steps S10 to S120.

[0446] Next, in a virtual deflection calculation step S121, the measurement device 1 calculates a virtual deflection amount by using the approximate equation for the deflection of the superstructure 7, which is the above-mentioned equation (35), the observation information generated in step S40, the environmental information, and the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 calculated in step S50. aBased on this, if a virtual railcar 6' having a different number of cars from the railcar 6 runs on the superstructure 7, the virtual deflection T of the superstructure 7 due to the virtual railcar 6' is calculated. stdX Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the average velocity v a Based on the above, the deflection amount w of the superstructure 7 due to each of the multiple axles of the virtual railcar 6' is calculated. std (a w (C m , n), t) and the deflection amount w of the superstructure 7 due to each of the multiple axles of the virtual railcar 6' is calculated. std (a w (C m ,n),t) are added to obtain the virtual deflection T stdX An example of the procedure of the virtual deflection amount calculation step S121 will be described later.

[0447] Next, in a virtual static response calculation step S122, the measurement device 1 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 calculated in step S80 and the virtual deflection amount T stdX (t) and its product c1T stdX (t) and the offset T calculated in step S100 offset_std (t) is added to obtain the virtual static response, T EOstdX Calculate (t).

[0448] Next, in the virtual damping vibration curve calculation step S123, the measurement device 1 calculates the virtual damping vibration curve by using the observation information generated in step S40, the environmental information, and the average velocity v a and the damping vibration curve u calculated in step S117. env_b (t) and based on the virtual damping vibration curve u env_bX An example of the procedure of the virtual damping vibration curve calculation step S123 will be described later.

[0449] Next, in the virtual dynamic response calculation step S124, the measurement device 1 calculates the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N and the excitation curve u calculated in step S116. env_a(t) and the virtual damping vibration curve u calculated in step S123 env_bX Based on (t) and (t), the virtual dynamic response is the virtual natural vibration u mvX An example of the procedure of the hypothetical dynamic response calculation step S124 will be described later.

[0450] Next, in the virtual displacement waveform calculation step S125, the measurement device 1 calculates the following equation (111): Thus, the virtual dynamic response calculated in step S124 is the virtual natural vibration u mvX (t) and the virtual static response calculated in step S122, the virtual deflection T EOstdX (t) is added to obtain the virtual displacement waveform u mdfX Calculate (t).

[0451] Next, in a virtual shock coefficient calculation step S126, the measurement device 1 calculates the virtual displacement waveform u mdfX The maximum amplitude of (t) and the virtual deflection amount T calculated in step S122 EOstdX Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the virtual shock coefficient i αX Specifically, the measurement device 1 calculates the virtual deflection amount T EOstdX The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S sX The maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is given by the above equation (112), S sX Calculate the virtual displacement waveform u mdfX The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S dX The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S is given by the above equation (113). dX Calculate the virtual impact coefficient i using the above equation (114). αX Calculate.

[0452] Next, in the measurement data output step S130, the measurement device 1 outputs the impact factor i calculated in step S120. α To the monitoring device 3, the measuring device 1 outputs the measurement data including the shock absorber i to the monitoring device 3. Specifically, the measuring device 1 transmits the measurement data to the monitoring device 3 via the communication network 4. The measurement data includes the shock absorber i α In addition to the measured data u(t), u lp (t), deflection T std (t),Tstd_lp (t),T Estd_lp (t), deflection T EOstd (t), natural vibration u nv (t),u nv_3lp (t),u mv (t), Displacement waveform u mdf (t), envelope amplitude u nv_mag (t), excitation curve u env_a (t), damped vibration curve u env_b (t), virtual deflection T stdX (t),T EOstdX (t), Virtual damping vibration curve u env_bX (t), virtual natural vibration u mvX (t), Virtual displacement waveform u mdfX (t), virtual impact factor i αX etc.

[0453] Then, the measuring device 1 repeats the processes of steps S10 to S130 until the measurement is completed in step S140.

[0454] FIG. 68 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the virtual deflection amount calculation step S121 of FIG.

[0455] As shown in FIG. 68, first, in step S1211, the measurement device 1 calculates the distance C from the front axle of the virtual railcar 6′ by the above-mentioned formula (10) based on the environmental information. m Distance D to the nth axle of the nth vehicle wa (a w (C m ,n) are calculated respectively.

[0456] Furthermore, in step S1212, the measurement device 1 detects the approach time t i and the distance D calculated in step S1211. wa (a w (C m ,n)) and the average speed v a Using the above equation (39), the C of the virtual railcar 6' is calculated. m The time t0 (C m,n) are calculated respectively.

[0457] Next, in step S1213, the measurement device 1 calculates the approximate equation for the deflection of the upper structure 7, which is the above-mentioned equation (35), and the time t xn and the time t calculated in step S603 of FIG. ln and the time t0 (C m , n) and the C of the virtual railcar 6' is calculated by the above equation (40). m The deflection of the superstructure 7 due to the n-th axle of the th vehicle w std (a w (C m ,n), and t) are calculated respectively.

[0458] Next, in step S1214, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount w of the upper structure 7 due to each axle calculated for each vehicle in step S1213 using the above-mentioned formula (42). std (a w (C m , n), t) to obtain the deflection amount C of the superstructure 7 due to each vehicle. std (C m ,t) is calculated.

[0459] Then, in step S1215, the measurement device 1 calculates the deflection amount C of the upper structure 7 caused by each vehicle in step S1214 by the above-mentioned formula (43). std (C m , t) to obtain the virtual deflection T of the superstructure 7 due to the virtual railcar 6'. stdX Calculate (t).

[0460] FIG. 69 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the virtual damping oscillation curve calculation step S123 of FIG.

[0461] As shown in FIG. 69, in step S1231, the measurement device 1 detects the approach time t i , the environmental information, and the average speed v calculated in step S50 of FIG. aUsing the above equation (107), the virtual exit time t , which is assumed to be when the rearmost axle of the virtual railcar 6′ passes through the exit end of the superstructure 7, is calculated. outX Calculate (t).

[0462] Then, in step S1232, the measuring device 1 calculates the damping vibration curve u calculated in step S117 of FIG. 67 as in the above-mentioned equation (108). env_b (t) is the virtual entry time t calculated in step S1231. outX (t) and the advance time t included in the observation information generated in step S40 of FIG. o The virtual damping oscillation curve u shifted by the time difference between env_bX Calculate (t).

[0463] FIG. 70 is a flowchart showing an example of the procedure of the hypothetical dynamic response calculation step S124 of FIG.

[0464] As shown in FIG. 70, in step S1241, the measurement device 1 calculates the excitation curve u calculated in step S116 of FIG. 67 as shown in the above-mentioned equation (109). env_a (t) and the virtual damping vibration curve u calculated in step S123 of FIG. env_bX (t) is synthesized to obtain the virtual envelope u envX Calculate (t).

[0465] Then, in step S1242, the measurement device 1 detects the fundamental frequency F N and the virtual envelope u calculated in step S1241 envX Based on (t), the virtual natural vibration u mvX Calculate (t).

[0466] Fig. 71 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the measurement device 1 in the fourth embodiment. As shown in Fig. 71, the measurement device 1 in the fourth embodiment includes a first communication unit 11, a second communication unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a processor 14, similar to the first, second, and third embodiments. The functions of the first communication unit 11, the second communication unit 12, and the storage unit 13 are similar to those of the first, second, and third embodiments, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0467] In this embodiment, the processor 14 executes the measurement program 131 stored in the memory unit 13 to thereby control an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection amount calculation unit 146, a second deflection amount calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection amount calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a static response calculation unit 151, an impact coefficient calculation unit 152, a measurement The processor 14 functions as a data output unit 153, a first dynamic response calculation unit 154, a second dynamic response calculation unit 155, an envelope amplitude calculation unit 157, an asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158, an excitation curve calculation unit 159, a damping vibration curve calculation unit 160, a third dynamic response calculation unit 161, a displacement waveform calculation unit 162, a virtual deflection amount calculation unit 163, a virtual static response calculation unit 164, a virtual damping vibration curve calculation unit 165, a virtual dynamic response calculation unit 166, a virtual displacement waveform calculation unit 167, and a virtual shock coefficient calculation unit 168. That is, the processor 14 functions as an observation data acquisition unit 141, a first measurement data generation unit 142, a second measurement data generation unit 143, an observation information generation unit 144, an average velocity calculation unit 145, a first deflection amount calculation unit 166, a second measurement data generation unit 147, a first measurement data generation unit 148, a second measurement data generation unit 149, a second measurement data generation unit 150, a third dynamic response calculation unit 151, a displacement waveform calculation unit 162, a virtual static response calculation unit 164, a virtual damping vibration curve calculation unit 165, a virtual dynamic response calculation unit 166, a virtual displacement waveform calculation unit 167, and a virtual shock coefficient calculation unit 168. 46, a second deflection amount calculation unit 147, a coefficient calculation unit 148, a third deflection amount calculation unit 149, an offset calculation unit 150, a static response calculation unit 151, an impact coefficient calculation unit 152, a measurement data output unit 153, a first dynamic response calculation unit 154, a second dynamic response calculation unit 155, an envelope amplitude calculation unit 157, an asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158, an excitation curve calculation unit 159, a damping vibration curve calculation unit 160, a third dynamic response calculation unit 161, a displacement waveform calculation unit 162, a virtual deflection amount calculation unit 163, a virtual static response calculation unit 164, a virtual damping vibration curve calculation unit 165, a virtual dynamic response calculation unit 166, a virtual displacement waveform calculation unit 167 and a virtual impact coefficient calculation unit 168.

[0468] The functions of the observation data acquisition unit 141, the first measurement data generation unit 142, the second measurement data generation unit 143, the observation information generation unit 144, the average velocity calculation unit 145, the first deflection amount calculation unit 146, the second deflection amount calculation unit 147, the coefficient calculation unit 148, the third deflection amount calculation unit 149, the offset calculation unit 150, the static response calculation unit 151, and the measurement data output unit 153 are the same as those of the first, second, and third embodiments, and therefore their description will be omitted. In addition, the functions of the first dynamic response calculation unit 154 and the second dynamic response calculation unit 155 are the same as those of the second and third embodiments, and therefore their description will be omitted. In addition, the functions of the envelope amplitude calculation unit 157, the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158, the excitation curve calculation unit 159, the damping vibration curve calculation unit 160, the third dynamic response calculation unit 161, and the displacement waveform calculation unit 162 are the same as those of the third embodiment, and therefore their description will be omitted. The observation data acquisition unit 141 performs the process of the observation data acquisition step S10 in FIG. 67. The first measurement data generation unit 142 performs the process of the first measurement data generation step S20 in FIG. 67. The second measurement data generation unit 143 performs the process of the second measurement data generation step S30 in FIG. 67. The observation information generation unit 144 performs the process of the observation information generation step S40 in FIG. 67. The average speed calculation unit 145 performs the process of the average speed calculation step S50 in FIG. 67. The first deflection amount calculation unit 146 performs the process of the first deflection amount calculation step S60 in FIG. 67. The second deflection amount calculation unit 147 performs the process of the second deflection amount calculation step S70 in FIG. 67. The coefficient calculation unit 148 performs the process of the coefficient calculation step S80 in FIG. 67. Moreover, the third deflection amount calculation unit 149 performs the process of the third deflection amount calculation step S90 of FIG. 67. Moreover, the offset calculation unit 150 performs the process of the offset calculation step S100 of FIG. 67. Moreover, the static response calculation unit 151 performs the process of the static response calculation step S110 of FIG. 67. Moreover, the measurement data output unit 153 performs the process of the measurement data output step S130 of FIG. 67. Moreover, the first dynamic response calculation unit 154 performs the process of the first dynamic response calculation step S111 of FIG. 67. Moreover, the second dynamic response calculation unit 155 performs the process of the second dynamic response calculation step S112 of FIG. 67. Moreover, the envelope amplitude calculation unit 157 performs the process of the envelope amplitude calculation step S114 of FIG. 67. Moreover, the asymptote amplitude calculation unit 158 ​​performs the process of the asymptote amplitude calculation step S115 of FIG. 67.Moreover, the excitation curve calculation unit 159 performs the process of the excitation curve calculation step S116 in Fig. 67. Moreover, the damping vibration curve calculation unit 160 performs the process of the damping vibration curve calculation step S117 in Fig. 67. Moreover, the third dynamic response calculation unit 161 performs the process of the third dynamic response calculation step S118 in Fig. 67. Moreover, the displacement waveform calculation unit 162 performs the process of the displacement waveform calculation step S119 in Fig. 67.

[0469] The virtual deflection calculation unit 163 calculates the deflection of the superstructure 7 based on the above-mentioned equation (35), the observation information 134 stored in the memory unit 13, the environmental information 132 stored in the memory unit 13, and the average speed v of the railway vehicle 6 calculated by the average speed calculation unit 145. a Based on this, if a virtual railcar 6' having a different number of cars from the railcar 6 runs on the superstructure 7, the virtual deflection T of the superstructure 7 due to the virtual railcar 6' is calculated. stdX Specifically, the virtual deflection calculation unit 163 first calculates the distance C from the front axle of the virtual railcar 6′ by the above-mentioned formula (10) based on the environmental information 132. m Distance D to the nth axle of the nth vehicle wa (a w (C m , n)) included in the observation information 134. i and distance D wa (a w (C m ,n)) and the average speed v a Using the above equation (39), the C of the virtual railcar 6' is calculated. m The time t0 (C m Next, the virtual deflection calculation unit 163 calculates the approximation equation for the deflection of the upper structure 7, which is the above-mentioned equation (35), and The time t calculated by the first deflection amount calculation unit 146 xn and the time t calculated by the first deflection amount calculation unit 146. ln At time t0(C m , n) and the C of the virtual railcar 6' is calculated by the above equation (40). m The deflection of the superstructure 7 due to the n-th axle of the th vehicle wstd (a w (C m Next, the virtual deflection calculation unit 163 calculates the deflection w of the upper structure 7 due to each axle for each vehicle by the above-mentioned formula (42). std (a w (C m , n), t) to obtain the deflection amount C of the superstructure 7 due to each vehicle. std (C m Then, the virtual deflection calculation unit 163 calculates the deflection C of the upper structure 7 caused by each vehicle by the above-mentioned formula (43). std (C m , t) to obtain the virtual deflection T of the superstructure 7 due to the virtual railcar 6'. stdX The virtual deflection amount T (t) calculated by the virtual deflection amount calculation unit 163 is calculated. stdX (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the virtual deflection calculation unit 163 performs the process of the virtual deflection calculation step S121 in FIG. 67, specifically, the processes of steps S1211 to S1215 in FIG.

[0470] The virtual static response calculation unit 164 calculates the first-order coefficient c1 calculated by the coefficient calculation unit 148 and the virtual deflection T calculated by the virtual deflection calculation unit 163, as shown in the above equation (106). stdX (t) and its product c1T stdX (t) and the offset T calculated by the offset calculation unit 150 offset_std (t) is added to obtain the virtual static response, T EOstdX The virtual static response calculation unit 164 calculates the virtual deflection T EOstdX (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the hypothetical static response calculation unit 164 performs the process of the hypothetical static response calculation step S122 in FIG.

[0471] The virtual damping oscillation curve calculation unit 165 calculates the average velocity v calculated by the average velocity calculation unit 145 using the observation information 134 stored in the storage unit 13, the environmental information 132 stored in the storage unit 13, and the average velocity v calculated by the average velocity calculation unit 145. aand the damping vibration curve u calculated by the damping vibration curve calculation unit 160. env_b (t) and based on the virtual damping vibration curve u env_bX Specifically, the virtual damping oscillation curve calculation unit 165 calculates the approach time t i ,environmental information 132,and average speed v a Using the above equation (107), the virtual exit time t , which is assumed to be when the rearmost axle of the virtual railcar 6′ passes through the exit end of the superstructure 7, is calculated. outX Then, the virtual damping vibration curve calculation unit 165 calculates the damping vibration curve u env_b (t) is the virtual entry time t outX (t) and the advance time t included in the observation information 134 o The virtual damping oscillation curve u shifted by the time difference between env_bX The virtual damping vibration curve u(t) calculated by the virtual damping vibration curve calculation unit 165 is calculated. env_bX (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the virtual damping vibration curve calculation unit 165 performs the processing of the virtual damping vibration curve calculation step S123 in FIG. 67, specifically, the processing of steps S1231 and S1232 in FIG.

[0472] The virtual dynamic response calculation unit 166 calculates the natural vibration u nv The fundamental frequency F of (t) N and the excitation curve u calculated by the excitation curve calculation unit 159. env_a (t) and the virtual damping vibration curve u calculated by the virtual damping vibration curve calculation unit 165. env_bX Based on (t) and (t), the virtual dynamic response is the virtual natural vibration u mvX Specifically, the virtual dynamic response calculation unit 166 calculates the excitation curve u env_a (t) and the virtual damping curve u env_bX (t) is synthesized to obtain the virtual envelope u envX Then, the virtual dynamic response calculation unit 166 calculates the fundamental frequency F N and the virtual envelope u envXBased on (t), the virtual natural vibration u mvX The virtual natural vibration u(t) calculated by the virtual dynamic response calculation unit 166 is calculated. mvX (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the assumed dynamic response calculation unit 166 performs the processing of assumed dynamic response calculation step S124 in Fig. 67, specifically, the processing of steps S1241 and S1242 in Fig. 70.

[0473] The virtual displacement waveform calculation unit 167 calculates the virtual natural vibration u, which is the virtual dynamic response calculated by the virtual dynamic response calculation unit 166, as shown in the above equation (111). mvX (t) and the virtual static response calculated by the virtual static response calculation unit 164, that is, the virtual deflection T EOstdX (t) is added to obtain the virtual displacement waveform u mdfX The virtual displacement waveform u(t) calculated by the virtual displacement waveform calculation unit 167 is calculated. mdfX (t) may be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the virtual displacement waveform calculation unit 167 performs the process of the virtual displacement waveform calculation step S125 in FIG.

[0474] The virtual shock coefficient calculation unit 168 calculates the virtual displacement waveform u mdfX The maximum amplitude of (t) and the virtual deflection T calculated by the virtual static response calculation unit 164 EOstdX Based on the maximum amplitude of (t) and the virtual shock coefficient i αX Specifically, the virtual impact coefficient calculation unit 168 calculates the virtual deflection amount T EOstdX The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the static response vibration S sX The maximum amplitude of the static response vibration is given by the above equation (112), S sX Calculate the virtual displacement waveform u mdfX The maximum amplitude of (t) is the maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S dX The maximum amplitude of the dynamic response S is given by the above equation (113). dX Calculate the virtual impact coefficient i using the above equation (114). αX The virtual impact coefficient i calculated by the virtual impact coefficient calculation unit 168 is calculated. αXmay be stored in the storage unit 13 as at least a part of the measurement data 135. That is, the virtual impact coefficient calculation unit 168 performs the process of the virtual impact coefficient calculation step S126 in FIG.

[0475] In this way, the measurement program 131 is a program that causes the measurement device 1, which is a computer, to execute each procedure of the flowchart shown in FIG.

[0476] According to the measurement method of the fourth embodiment described above, the measurement device 1 calculates a virtual impact coefficient i , which is an impact coefficient when it is assumed that an arbitrary number of virtual railcars 6′ run on the superstructure 7, based on various information calculated based on observation data when the railcar 6 runs on the superstructure 7 of the bridge 5. αX can be virtually calculated.

[0477] In addition, according to the measurement method of the fourth embodiment, it is possible to achieve the same effects as the measurement method of the first, second or third embodiment.

[0478] 5. Variations The present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention.

[0479] In each of the above embodiments, the sensor 2, which is the observation device, is an acceleration sensor that outputs acceleration data a(k), but the observation device is not limited to an acceleration sensor. For example, the observation device may be an impact sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an image measuring device, a load cell, or a displacement gauge.

[0480] The impact sensor detects impact acceleration as a response to an action on each axle of the railway vehicle 6 at observation point R. The pressure sensor, strain gauge, and load cell detect stress changes as a response to an action on each axle of the railway vehicle 6 at observation point R. The image measuring device uses image processing to detect displacement as a response to an action on each axle of the railway vehicle 6 at observation point R. The displacement gauge is, for example, a contact type displacement gauge, a ring type displacement gauge, a laser displacement gauge, a pressure sensor, or a displacement measuring device using optical fiber, and detects displacement as a response to an action on each axle of the railway vehicle 6 at observation point R.

[0481] As an example, FIG. 41 shows a configuration example of a measurement system 10 using a ring-type displacement meter as an observation device. Also, FIG. 42 shows a configuration example of a measurement system 10 using an image measuring device as an observation device. A configuration example is shown. In Fig. 41 and Fig. 42, the same components as those in Fig. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. In the measurement system 10 shown in Fig. 41, a piano wire 41 is fixed between the upper surface of a ring-type displacement meter 40 and the lower surface of a main girder G located immediately above the ring-type displacement meter 40, and the ring-type displacement meter 40 measures the displacement of the piano wire 41 due to the deflection of the superstructure 7 and transmits the measured displacement data to the measurement device 1. The measurement device 1 generates measurement data 135 based on the displacement data transmitted from the ring-type displacement meter 40. Also, in the measurement system 10 shown in Fig. 42, a camera 50 transmits an image of a target 51 provided on the side of the main girder G to the measurement device 1. The measurement device 1 processes the image transmitted from the camera 50, calculates the displacement of the target 51 due to the deflection of the superstructure 7, generates displacement data, and generates measurement data 135 based on the generated displacement data. In the example of FIG. 42, the measurement device 1 generates the displacement data as an image measuring device, but an image measuring device (not shown) different from the measurement device 1 may generate the displacement data by image processing.

[0482] In addition, in each of the above embodiments, the bridge 5 is a railway bridge, and the moving body moving on the bridge 5 is a railway vehicle 6, but the bridge 5 may be a road bridge, and the moving body moving on the bridge 5 may be a vehicle such as an automobile, a tram, a truck, or a construction vehicle. Similarly, the virtual moving body may be a railway vehicle, as well as a vehicle such as an automobile, a tram, a truck, or a construction vehicle. FIG. 43 shows a configuration example of the measurement system 10 when the bridge 5 is a road bridge and a vehicle 6a moves on the bridge 5. In FIG. 43, the same components as in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals. As shown in FIG. 43, the bridge 5, which is a road bridge, is composed of a superstructure 7 and a substructure 8, similar to a railway bridge. FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view of the superstructure 7 cut along the line AA in FIG. 43. As shown in FIG. 43 and FIG. 44, the superstructure 7 includes a bridge deck 7a composed of a deck plate F, a main girder G, a cross girder (not shown), and a bearing 7b. As shown in FIG. 43, the substructure 8 includes a pier 8a and an abutment 8b. The superstructure 7 is a structure that spans either one of adjacent abutments 8b and piers 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a. Both ends of the superstructure 7 are located at the positions of adjacent abutments 8b and piers 8a, two adjacent abutments 8b, or two adjacent piers 8a. The bridge 5 is, for example, a steel bridge, a girder bridge, an RC bridge, or the like.

[0483] Each sensor 2 is installed in the longitudinal center of the superstructure 7, specifically, in the longitudinal center of the main girder G. However, as long as each sensor 2 is capable of detecting acceleration for calculating the displacement of the superstructure 7, its installation position is not limited to the central part of the superstructure 7. If each sensor 2 is installed on the deck F of the superstructure 7, there is a risk that it will be destroyed by the running vehicle 6a, and there is also a risk that the measurement accuracy will be affected by local deformation of the bridge deck 7a. Therefore, in the examples of Figures 43 and 44, each sensor 2 is installed on the main girder G of the superstructure 7.

[0484] As shown in FIG. 44, the superstructure 7 has two lanes L1, L2 and three main girders G on which the vehicle 6a, which is a moving body, can move. In the example of FIG. 43 and FIG. 44, a sensor 2 is provided on each of the two main girders at both ends in the center of the longitudinal direction of the superstructure 7, and an observation point R1 is provided at a position on the surface of the lane L1 vertically above one of the sensors 2, and an observation point R2 is provided at a position on the surface of the lane L2 vertically above the other sensor 2. That is, the two sensors 2 are observation devices that observe the observation points R1, R2, respectively. The two sensors 2 that observe the observation points R1, R2, respectively, may be provided at positions that can detect the acceleration generated at the observation points R1, R2 due to the running of the vehicle 6a, but are preferably provided at positions close to the observation points R1, R2. The number and installation positions of the sensors 2 and the number of lanes are not limited to the examples shown in FIG. 43 and FIG. 44, and various modifications are possible.

[0485] The measurement device 1 calculates the deflection displacement of the lanes L1 and L2 caused by the running of the vehicle 6a based on the acceleration data output from each sensor 2, and transmits the information on the deflection of the lanes L1 and L2 via communication. The information is transmitted to the monitoring device 3 via the network 4. The monitoring device 3 may store the information in a storage device (not shown) and perform processing such as monitoring the vehicle 6a and determining whether there is an abnormality in the upper structure 7 based on the information.

[0486] Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, the sensors 2 are provided on the main girders G of the superstructure 7, but they may also be provided on the surface or interior of the superstructure 7, on the underside of the deck F, on the piers 8a, etc. Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, the superstructure of a bridge is given as an example of a structure, but this is not limiting, and the structure may be any structure that deforms due to the movement of a moving object.

[0487] In each of the above embodiments, the measurement device 1 determines the approach time t i is calculated based on the observation data output from another observation device observing the approach end of the upper structure 7. iSimilarly, in each of the above embodiments, the measurement device 1 may calculate the departure time t o is calculated based on the observation data output from another observation device that observes the advancing end of the upper structure 7. o may be calculated.

[0488] The above-described embodiment and modifications are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to these. For example, the embodiments and modifications can be appropriately combined.

[0489] The present invention includes configurations that are substantially the same as the configurations described in the embodiments, for example, configurations with the same functions, methods, and results, or configurations with the same purpose and effects. The present invention also includes configurations in which non-essential parts of the configurations described in the embodiments are replaced. The present invention also includes configurations that achieve the same effects as the configurations described in the embodiments, or configurations that can achieve the same purpose. The present invention also includes configurations in which publicly known technology is added to the configurations described in the embodiments.

[0490] The following can be derived from the above-described embodiment and modifications.

[0491] One aspect of the measurement method is a first measurement data generation step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; A static response is calculated by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset. A static response calculation step of calculating a shock coefficient calculation step of calculating a shock coefficient based on the static response; Includes.

[0492] According to this measurement method, the static response can be separated from the static response and dynamic response included in the first measurement data by approximating the second measurement data, which is obtained by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components, with a linear function of the second deflection, which is obtained by filtering the first deflection to reduce vibration components. According to this measurement method, the product of the first deflection and the linear coefficient, which is the linear term of the linear function approximating the first deflection, corresponds to the displacement of the structure proportional to the load of the moving body, and the offset corresponds to the displacement not proportional to the load of the moving body, such as the play or floating of the structure, so that the static response can be calculated with high accuracy by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection and the offset. Therefore, according to this measurement method, the impact coefficient can be calculated with high accuracy based on the static response calculated with high accuracy.

[0493] In addition, in this measurement method, the impact coefficient when the moving body moves the structure is calculated by a relatively simple process using the first measurement data generated based on the observation data and the first deflection amount generated based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure. Therefore, according to this measurement method, the impact coefficient can be calculated by a process with a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0494] Furthermore, according to this measurement method, since the speed of the moving body actually changes slightly but hardly at all, by assuming that the moving body moves at a constant average speed and calculating the first deflection amount based on the average speed, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of calculation while maintaining the calculation accuracy of the first deflection amount.

[0495] In one embodiment of the measurement method, In the impact coefficient calculation step, A duty cycle may be calculated based on the maximum amplitude of the first measurement data and the maximum amplitude of the static response.

[0496] One aspect of the measurement method is a first dynamic response calculation step of calculating a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation step of calculating a second dynamic response by performing a filter process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; may include:

[0497] According to this measurement method, the first static response, which is calculated with high accuracy, is subtracted from the first measurement data, and unnecessary signals are attenuated, thereby making it possible to calculate the second dynamic response with high accuracy.

[0498] One aspect of the measurement method is a displacement waveform calculation step of calculating a displacement waveform by adding the second dynamic response and the static response, In the impact coefficient calculation step, A shock coefficient may be calculated based on the maximum amplitude of the displacement waveform and the maximum amplitude of the static response.

[0499] According to this measurement method, a highly accurate displacement waveform is obtained by adding the second dynamic response in which unnecessary signals are attenuated and the static response, so that the shock coefficient can be calculated with high accuracy based on the displacement waveform. It can be calculated.

[0500] One aspect of the measurement method is an envelope amplitude calculation step of calculating an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; an asymptote amplitude calculation step of calculating a linear function approximating a logarithm of an amplitude obtained by subtracting the envelope amplitude from the provisional amplitude, using a provisional amplitude of an asymptote to which the envelope amplitude asymptote approaches as a parameter in a first section that is at least a part of the section in which the envelope amplitude increases, and calculating, as the amplitude of the asymptote, the provisional amplitude at which an integrated value of the squares of the difference between the logarithm and the linear function is minimum; an excitation curve calculation step of calculating an excitation curve of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on coefficients of a linear function that approximates a logarithm of an amplitude obtained by subtracting the envelope amplitude from the asymptote amplitude; a damping vibration curve calculation step of calculating a damping vibration curve of the vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude; may include:

[0501] According to this measurement method, the excitation curve and damped vibration curve of the vibration component contained in the second dynamic response can be calculated with high accuracy based on the envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response in which unnecessary signals have been attenuated.

[0502] In one embodiment of the measurement method, the exit time is a time when a rearmost part of the plurality of parts of the moving body passes through an exit end of the structure, the start time of the first section is after the time when the envelope amplitude starts to increase, The end time of the first section may be before the departure time.

[0503] In one embodiment of the measurement method, In the asymptote amplitude calculation step, The provisional amplitude may be used as a parameter to approximate the integrated value by a polynomial of the provisional amplitude, and an extreme value of the polynomial may be calculated as the amplitude of the asymptote.

[0504] According to this measurement method, the amplitude of the asymptote can be calculated with high accuracy, and therefore the excitation curve can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0505] One aspect of the measurement method is a third dynamic response calculating step of calculating a third dynamic response based on a fundamental frequency of the first dynamic response, the excitation curve, and the damping vibration curve; a displacement waveform calculation step of calculating a displacement waveform by adding the third dynamic response and the static response; Including, In the impact coefficient calculation step, A shock coefficient may be calculated based on the maximum amplitude of the displacement waveform and the maximum amplitude of the static response.

[0506] According to this measurement method, a highly accurate displacement waveform is obtained by adding the third dynamic response, in which unnecessary signals have been attenuated, to the static response, and the shock coefficient can be calculated with high accuracy based on the displacement waveform.

[0507] One aspect of the measurement method is The approximate equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average velocity a virtual deflection amount calculation step of calculating a virtual deflection amount of the structure caused by a virtual moving object having a number of vehicles different from that of the moving object based on the virtual deflection amount; a virtual static response calculation step of calculating a virtual static response by adding the product of the first-order coefficient and the virtual deflection amount to the offset; a virtual damping vibration curve calculation step of calculating a virtual exit time when a rearmost part of a plurality of parts of the virtual moving body passes through an exit end of the structure based on the entry time, the environmental information, and the average speed, and calculating a virtual damping vibration curve by shifting the damping vibration curve by a time difference between the virtual exit time and the exit time; a virtual dynamic response calculation step of calculating a virtual dynamic response based on a fundamental frequency of the first dynamic response, the excitation curve, and the virtual damping vibration curve; a virtual displacement waveform calculation step of calculating a virtual displacement waveform by adding the virtual dynamic response and the virtual static response; a virtual shock coefficient calculation step of calculating a virtual shock coefficient based on a maximum amplitude of the virtual displacement waveform and a maximum amplitude of the virtual static response; may include:

[0508] According to this measurement method, it is possible to virtually calculate the impact coefficient when a hypothetical moving body with any number of vehicles moves through a structure, based on various information calculated based on observation data when the moving body moves through a structure.

[0509] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The structure may be a bridge superstructure.

[0510] According to this measurement method, it is possible to calculate the impact coefficient when a moving object moves across the superstructure of a bridge with processing that requires a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0511] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The moving object is a vehicle or a railroad car, Each of the plurality of parts may be an axle or a wheel.

[0512] According to this measurement method, it is possible to calculate the impact coefficient when a vehicle or railcar moves over a structure using processing with a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0513] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The approximation equation for the deflection of the structure may be an equation based on a structural model of the structure.

[0514] According to this measurement method, the first deflection amount that reflects the structure of the structure through which the moving object moves can be calculated, and the impact coefficient can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0515] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The structural model may be a simple beam supported at both ends.

[0516] According to this measurement method, it is possible to accurately calculate the impact coefficient when a moving object moves over a structure having a structure similar to that of a simple beam.

[0517] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The observation device may be an acceleration sensor, an impact sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an image measuring device, a load cell, or a displacement gauge.

[0518] According to this measurement method, the shock coefficient can be calculated with high accuracy using data on acceleration, stress change, or displacement. It can be measured easily.

[0519] In one embodiment of the measurement method, The structure may be a structure in which a bridge weigh in motion (BWIM) function is performed.

[0520] One aspect of the measurement device is a first measurement data generation unit that generates first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating unit that generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating unit that generates observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation unit that calculates an average speed of the moving object based on the observation information and environmental information that includes dimensions of the moving object and dimensions of the structure that have been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation unit that approximates the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculates a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation unit that calculates an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation unit that calculates a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; an impact coefficient calculation unit for calculating an impact coefficient based on the static response; Includes.

[0521] According to this measuring device, the static response can be separated from the static response and dynamic response included in the first measured data and calculated by approximating the second measured data, which is obtained by filtering the first measured data to reduce vibration components, with a linear function of the second deflection, which is obtained by filtering the first deflection to reduce vibration components. According to this measuring device, the product of the first deflection and the linear coefficient, which is the linear term of the linear function approximating the first deflection, corresponds to the displacement of the structure proportional to the load of the moving body, and the offset corresponds to the displacement not proportional to the load of the moving body, such as the play or floating of the structure, so that the static response can be calculated with high accuracy by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection and the offset. Therefore, according to this measuring device, the impact coefficient can be calculated with high accuracy based on the static response calculated with high accuracy.

[0522] In addition, the measurement device calculates the impact coefficient when the moving body moves the structure through a relatively simple process using the first measurement data generated based on the observation data and the first deflection amount generated based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure. Therefore, the measurement device can calculate the impact coefficient through a process with a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0523] In addition, according to this measuring device, since the speed of the moving body actually changes slightly but hardly at all, the moving body is assumed to move at a constant average speed, and the first deflection amount is calculated based on the average speed, thereby reducing the calculation amount while maintaining the calculation accuracy of the first deflection amount. It can be significantly reduced.

[0524] One aspect of the measurement system is An embodiment of the measuring device; The observation device; Equipped with.

[0525] One aspect of the measurement program is a first measurement data generation step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure that has been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; and calculating an impact coefficient based on the static response.

[0526] According to this measurement program, the static response can be separated from the static response and dynamic response included in the first measurement data by approximating the second measurement data obtained by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components with a linear function of the second deflection obtained by filtering the first deflection to reduce vibration components. According to this measurement program, the product of the first deflection and the linear coefficient, which is the linear term of the linear function approximating the first deflection, corresponds to the displacement of the structure proportional to the load of the moving body, and the offset corresponds to the displacement not proportional to the load of the moving body, such as the play or floating of the structure, so that the static response can be calculated with high accuracy by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection and the offset. Therefore, according to this measurement program, the impact coefficient can be calculated with high accuracy based on the static response calculated with high accuracy.

[0527] In addition, in this measurement program, the impact coefficient when the moving body moves the structure is calculated by a relatively simple process using the first measurement data generated based on the observation data and the first deflection amount generated based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure. Therefore, according to this measurement program, the impact coefficient can be calculated by a process with a relatively small amount of calculation.

[0528] In addition, according to this measurement program, the speed of the moving object actually changes slightly, Since there is almost no change, by assuming that the moving body moves at a constant average speed and calculating the first deflection amount based on the average speed, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of calculation while maintaining the calculation accuracy of the first deflection amount. [Explanation of symbols]

[0529] Reference Signs List 1...measuring device, 2...sensor, 3...monitoring device, 4...communication network, 5...bridge, 6...railroad vehicle, 6a...vehicle, 7...superstructure, 7a...bridge deck, 7b...bearing, 7c...rail, 7d...sleeper, 7e...ballast, F...floor plate, G...main girder, 8...substructure, 8a...pier, 8b...abutment, 10...measuring system, 11...first communication unit, 12...second communication unit, 13...memory unit, 14...processor, 21...communication unit, 22...acceleration sensor, 23...processor , 24... memory unit, 31... communication unit, 32... processor, 33... display unit, 34... operation unit, 35... memory unit, 40... ring-type displacement meter, 41... piano wire, 50... camera, 51... target, 131... measurement program, 132... environmental information, 133... observation data, 134... observation information, 135... measurement data, 141... observation data acquisition unit, 142... first measurement data generation unit, 143... second measurement data generation unit, 144... observation information generation unit, 145 ...average velocity calculation unit, 146...first deflection calculation unit, 147...second deflection calculation unit, 148...coefficient calculation unit, 149...third deflection calculation unit, 150...offset calculation unit, 151...static response calculation unit, 152...impact coefficient calculation unit, 153...measurement data output unit, 154...first dynamic response calculation unit, 155...second dynamic response calculation unit, 156...displacement waveform calculation unit, 157...envelope amplitude calculation unit, 158...asymptote amplitude calculation unit, 159...excitation curve calculation unit, 1 60... damping vibration curve calculation unit, 161... third dynamic response calculation unit, 162... displacement waveform calculation unit, 163... virtual deflection amount calculation unit, 164... virtual static response calculation unit, 165... virtual damping vibration curve calculation unit, 166... ​​virtual dynamic response calculation unit, 167... virtual displacement waveform calculation unit, 168... virtual shock coefficient calculation unit, 241... observation program, 242... observation data, 321... measurement data acquisition unit, 322... monitoring unit, 351... monitoring program, 352... measurement data sequence

Claims

1. a first measurement data generating step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body moving the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information prepared in advance, the environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first-order coefficient, the zeroth-order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; a shock coefficient calculation step of calculating a shock coefficient based on the static response; Measurement methods, including

2. In claim 1, In the impact coefficient calculation step, A measurement method comprising: calculating a shock coefficient based on a maximum amplitude of the first measurement data and a maximum amplitude of the static response.

3. In claim 1, a first dynamic response calculation step of calculating a first dynamic response by subtracting the static response from the first measurement data; a second dynamic response calculation step of calculating a second dynamic response by performing a filter process for attenuating unnecessary signals from the first dynamic response; Measurement methods, including

4. In claim 3, a displacement waveform calculation step of calculating a displacement waveform by adding the second dynamic response and the static response, In the impact coefficient calculation step, A measurement method comprising: calculating a shock coefficient based on a maximum amplitude of the displacement waveform and a maximum amplitude of the static response.

5. In claim 3, an envelope amplitude calculation step of calculating an envelope amplitude of the second dynamic response; In a first section that is at least a part of a section in which the envelope amplitude increases, a tentative amplitude of an asymptote to which the envelope amplitude approaches is used as a parameter, and the envelope amplitude is calculated from the tentative amplitude. an asymptote amplitude calculation step of calculating a linear function that approximates the logarithm of the subtracted amplitude, and calculating the provisional amplitude that minimizes the integrated value of the square of the difference between the logarithm and the linear function as the amplitude of the asymptote; an excitation curve calculation step of calculating an excitation curve of a vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on coefficients of a linear function that approximates a logarithm of an amplitude obtained by subtracting the envelope amplitude from the asymptote amplitude; a damping vibration curve calculation step of calculating a damping vibration curve of the vibration component included in the second dynamic response based on the envelope amplitude; Measurement methods, including

6. In claim 5, the advancing time is a time when a rearmost part of the plurality of parts of the moving body passes through an advancing end of the structure, the start time of the first section is after the time when the envelope amplitude starts to increase, A measurement method, wherein an end time of the first section is before the departure time.

7. In claim 5 or 6, In the asymptote amplitude calculation step, the tentative amplitude is used as a parameter, the integrated value is approximated by a polynomial of the tentative amplitude, and an extreme value of the polynomial is calculated as the amplitude of the asymptote.

8. In any one of claims 5 to 7, a third dynamic response calculating step of calculating a third dynamic response based on a fundamental frequency of the first dynamic response, the excitation curve, and the damping vibration curve; a displacement waveform calculation step of calculating a displacement waveform by adding the third dynamic response and the static response; Including, In the impact coefficient calculation step, A measurement method comprising: calculating a shock coefficient based on a maximum amplitude of the displacement waveform and a maximum amplitude of the static response.

9. In any one of claims 5 to 8, a virtual deflection amount calculation step of calculating a virtual deflection amount of the structure caused by a virtual moving object having a number of vehicles different from that of the moving object, based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed, in a case where the virtual moving object moves the structure; a virtual static response calculation step of calculating a virtual static response by adding the product of the first-order coefficient and the virtual deflection amount to the offset; a virtual damping vibration curve calculation step of calculating a virtual exit time when a rearmost part of a plurality of parts of the virtual moving body passes through an exit end of the structure based on the entry time, the environmental information, and the average speed, and calculating a virtual damping vibration curve by shifting the damping vibration curve by a time difference between the virtual exit time and the exit time; a virtual dynamic response calculation step of calculating a virtual dynamic response based on a fundamental frequency of the first dynamic response, the excitation curve, and the virtual damped vibration curve; a virtual displacement waveform calculation step of calculating a virtual displacement waveform by adding the virtual dynamic response and the virtual static response; a virtual shock coefficient calculation step of calculating a virtual shock coefficient based on a maximum amplitude of the virtual displacement waveform and a maximum amplitude of the virtual static response; Measurement methods, including

10. In any one of claims 1 to 9, The measurement method, wherein the structure is a superstructure of a bridge.

11. In any one of claims 1 to 10, The moving object is a vehicle or a railroad car, A measurement method in which each of the multiple parts is an axle or a wheel.

12. In any one of claims 1 to 11, A measurement method, wherein the approximation equation for the deflection of the structure is an equation based on a structural model of the structure.

13. In claim 12, A measurement method, wherein the structural model is a simple beam supported at both ends.

14. In any one of claims 1 to 13, The measurement method, wherein the observation device is an acceleration sensor, an impact sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge, an image measuring device, a load cell, or a displacement gauge.

15. In any one of claims 1 to 14, A measurement method, wherein the structure is a structure in which BWIM (Bridge Weigh in Motion) functions.

16. a first measurement data generating unit that generates first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body that moves the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating unit that generates second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating unit that generates observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation unit that calculates an average speed of the moving object based on the observation information and environmental information that includes dimensions of the moving object and dimensions of the structure that have been created in advance; a first deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation unit that approximates the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculates a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation unit that calculates a third deflection amount based on the first order coefficient, the zeroth order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation unit that calculates an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation unit that calculates a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; an impact coefficient calculation unit for calculating an impact coefficient based on the static response; 4. A measuring device comprising:

17. The measurement device according to claim 16 ; The observation device; A measurement system equipped with

18. a first measurement data generating step of generating first measurement data based on a physical quantity that is a response to an action on an observation point of a structure of a plurality of parts of a moving body moving the structure, based on observation data output from an observation device that observes the observation point of the structure; a second measurement data generating step of generating second measurement data by filtering the first measurement data to reduce vibration components; an observation information generating step of generating observation information including an entry time and an exit time of the moving object with respect to the structure; an average speed calculation step of calculating an average speed of the moving body based on the observation information and environmental information prepared in advance, the environmental information including dimensions of the moving body and dimensions of the structure; a first deflection amount calculation step of calculating a first deflection amount of the structure caused by the moving object based on an approximation equation for the deflection of the structure, the observation information, the environmental information, and the average speed; a second deflection amount calculation step of calculating a second deflection amount by filtering the first deflection amount to reduce vibration components; a coefficient calculation step of approximating the second measurement data with a linear function of the second deflection amount and calculating a first-order coefficient and a zeroth-order coefficient of the linear function; a third deflection amount calculation step of calculating a third deflection amount based on the first-order coefficient, the zeroth-order coefficient, and the second deflection amount; an offset calculation step of calculating an offset based on the zero-order coefficient, the second deflection amount, and the third deflection amount; a static response calculation step of calculating a static response by adding the product of the first coefficient and the first deflection amount to the offset; and calculating an impact coefficient based on the static response.

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