Method for manufacturing a device with a film containing hexagonal boron nitride

JP7635690B2Active Publication Date: 2025-02-26FUJITSU LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
JP2021162933
Authority / Receiving Office
JP · JP
Patent Type
Patents
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2021-10-01
Publication Date
2025-02-26
Estimated Expiration
2041-10-01

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

【0010】 開示の技術によれば、基板上に転写されたh-BNを含む膜の加工を適切に行うことが可能となる。

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Abstract

To appropriately process an h-BN containing film transferred onto a substrate.SOLUTION: A manufacturing method of a device with a hexagonal crystal boron nitride containing film includes steps of: transferring a processing target film 50 onto a substrate 20B; forming on the processing target film 50 a resist mask 60 partially covering the processing target film 50; and etching the processing target film 50 in an isotropic manner together with the resist mask through dry etching processing using oxygen plasma. In the dry etching processing, an etching rate E1 of the resist mask is higher than an etching rate E2 of the processing target film 50. When a ratio E1 / E2 of the etching rate E1 of the resist mask 60 and the etching rate E2 of the processing target film is defined as R, the resist mask 60 is formed while having a thickness R times or more as thick as that of the processing target film 50.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6B
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Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The disclosed technology relates to a method for manufacturing a device having a film containing hexagonal boron nitride. [Background technology]

[0002] The following techniques are known as techniques for manufacturing devices with films containing hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN): For example, a method for manufacturing a photodetector is known that includes a step of forming a light-receiving layer by alternately stacking graphene and spacer layers containing hexagonal boron nitride on a substrate. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2020-77780 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet-like material in which carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. Graphene has the advantage of having extremely high electron mobility compared to bulk, and so applications of graphene to high-frequency devices, transparent conductive films, flexible devices, and optical sensors are being studied.

[0005] On the other hand, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a sheet-like material with a lattice structure similar to that of graphene. While graphene does not have a band gap, h-BN is an insulator with a relatively large band gap. The combination of graphene and h-BN is expected to have various applications.

[0006] The h-BN film is formed on a first substrate by, for example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD). When manufacturing a device including an h-BN film, the h-BN film formed on the first substrate is transferred to a second substrate different from the first substrate and patterned into a desired shape. The h-BN film transferred to the second substrate has low adhesion to the second substrate. Therefore, if the h-BN film is patterned by wet etching, the etching solution is likely to penetrate between the h-BN film and the second substrate, making it difficult to pattern the h-BN film into a desired shape.

[0007] In addition, electrodes are connected to the patterned h-BN film as necessary. For example, in an infrared sensor using an h-BN film as a light receiving layer, conductive films functioning as electrodes are connected to both ends of the patterned h-BN film. In order to improve the contact state between the h-BN film and the conductive film, it is preferable that the end of the h-BN film that comes into contact with the conductive film is patterned to have an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to the substrate.

[0008] The disclosed technology has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned points, and aims to appropriately process a film containing h-BN transferred onto a substrate. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A method for manufacturing a device including a film containing hexagonal boron nitride according to the disclosed technology includes the following steps: transferring the film onto a substrate, forming a resist mask on the film so as to partially cover the film, and isotropically etching the film together with the resist mask by dry etching using oxygen plasma. In the dry etching, an etching rate E1 of the resist mask is higher than an etching rate E2 of the film. When the ratio E1 / E2 of the etching rate E1 of the resist mask to the etching rate E2 of the film is R, the resist mask is formed to have a thickness R or more times the thickness of the film. Effect of the Invention

[0010] According to the disclosed technique, it is possible to appropriately process a film containing h-BN transferred onto a substrate. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1A] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 1B] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 1C] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 2A] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 2B] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 2C] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 2D] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 3A] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 3B] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 3C] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 3D] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 3E] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 3F] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 3G] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 4A] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 4B] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 4C] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 5A] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 5B] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 6A] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 6B] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 6C] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 6D] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 7A] These are SEM images showing the results of an experiment conducted to investigate the effect of resist mask thickness on h-BN patterning. [Figure 7B] These are SEM images showing the results of an experiment conducted to investigate the effect of resist mask thickness on h-BN patterning. [Figure 7C] These are SEM images showing the results of an experiment conducted to investigate the effect of resist mask thickness on h-BN patterning. [Figure 7D] These are SEM images showing the results of an experiment conducted to investigate the effect of resist mask thickness on h-BN patterning. [Figure 8A] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. [Figure 8B] 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views showing an example of a device manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the disclosed technique. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the disclosed technology will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same or equivalent components and parts are given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted.

[0013] The manufacturing method of the device having a film containing hexagonal boron nitride according to the present embodiment includes a transfer step of transferring a film containing hexagonal boron nitride (hereinafter referred to as a film to be processed) onto a substrate. The manufacturing method according to the present embodiment also includes a resist mask forming step of forming a resist mask on the film to be processed that partially covers the film to be processed. The manufacturing method according to the present embodiment also includes an etching step of isotropically etching the film to be processed together with the resist mask by dry etching with oxygen plasma. The manufacturing method according to the present embodiment also includes a conductive film forming step of forming a conductive film that contacts an end of the film to be processed after the dry etching. The details of each of the above steps will be described below. In the following description, an infrared sensor, which is an example of a device having a film containing hexagonal boron nitride, is manufactured.

[0014] (Transfer process) The processing target film 50 according to this embodiment (see FIG. 4C ) has layers 20A and 20B containing hexagonal boron nitride and a layer 30 containing graphene. Hereinafter, the layers 20A and 20B containing hexagonal boron nitride are referred to as h-BN layers 20A and 20B, respectively, and the layer 30 containing graphene is referred to as the graphene layer 30. The graphene layer 30 is sandwiched between the h-BN layer 20A and the h-BN layer 20B. The transfer step includes a step of transferring the h-BN layer 20A, the graphene layer 30, and the h-BN layer 20B from the substrate used to form each of these layers to another substrate.

[0015] First, the process of transferring the h-BN layer 20A will be described. A substrate 10A is prepared in which a thermal oxide film (SiO2) 12A is provided on the surface of a silicon substrate 11A (FIG. 1A). It is also possible to use a sapphire substrate as the substrate 10A.

[0016] Next, hexagonal boron nitride is deposited on the substrate 10A (thermal oxide film 12A) by sputtering to form an h-BN layer 20A with a thickness of about 3 nm on the substrate 10A (FIG. 1B). In this sputtering process, a sintered body of hexagonal boron nitride can be used as a target. The substrate temperature is preferably, for example, 25°C to 1000°C, and typically about 500°C. The h-BN layer 20A formed by sputtering has a disordered layer structure (polycrystalline structure) in which the stacking structure in the c-axis direction is disordered.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 1C, the h-BN layer 20A may be formed on a catalytic metal film 15A formed on a substrate 10A. The catalytic metal film 15A may be formed by depositing iron to a thickness of 50 nm using, for example, a sputtering method or an electron beam method. Cobalt or nickel may also be used as the material for the catalytic metal film 15A. By forming the h-BN layer 20A on the catalytic metal film 15A, it is possible to form a higher quality h-BN layer 20A.

[0018] The formation of the h-BN layer 20A is not limited to the sputtering method, and can also be formed by using a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method. A mixed gas containing diborane and ammonia can be used as a material gas in the CVD. A mixed gas containing borazine and ammonia borane can also be used as a material gas. The processing temperature is, for example, 1100°C. When the h-BN layer 20A is formed by the CVD method, the thickness of the catalyst metal film 15A is preferably 100 nm or more and 5000 nm or less, more preferably 500 nm or more and 2000 nm or less, and typically about 1000 nm. By forming the h-BN layer 20A by the CVD method, a higher quality h-BN layer 20A in which the disturbance of the stacked structure in the c-axis direction is suppressed can be obtained compared to the case of using the sputtering method.

[0019] 1C, when the h-BN layer 20A is formed on the catalyst metal film 15A, the h-BN layer 20A is transferred to a substrate other than the substrate 10A. In this case, a resist 40A made of a resin material such as PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) is formed on the surface of the h-BN layer 20A (FIG. 2A).

[0020] Next, the catalytic metal film 15A is dissolved using, for example, hydrochloric acid, thereby peeling off the h-BN layer 20A from the substrate 10A. The h-BN layer 20A is supported by the resist 40A (FIG. 2B).

[0021] Next, the h-BN layer 20A supported by the resist 40A is adhered to the surface of a substrate 10B that is different from the substrate 10A used to form the h-BN layer 20A (FIG. 2C). As a result, the h-BN layer 20A is transferred onto the substrate 10B. The substrate 10B may be a silicon substrate with a thermal oxide film, in which a thermal oxide film (SiO2) 12B is provided on the surface of the silicon substrate 11B, similar to the substrate 10A used to form the h-BN layer 20A. The resist 40A is then removed using an organic solvent (FIG. 2D).

[0022] The above steps complete the process of transferring the h-BN layer 20A. As shown in FIG. 1B, if the h-BN layer 20A is formed on the substrate 10A without a catalytic metal film, it is not necessary to transfer the h-BN layer 20A to another substrate.

[0023] Next, a description will be given of a process for transferring the graphene layer 30. A substrate 10C is prepared in which a thermal oxide film 12C is provided on the surface of a silicon substrate 11C (FIG. 3A). It is also possible to use a sapphire substrate as the substrate 10C.

[0024] Next, iron is deposited on the substrate 10C (thermal oxide film 12C) by sputtering or electron beam deposition to form a catalytic metal film 15B on the substrate 10C (FIG. 3B). The thickness of the catalytic metal film 15B is preferably 100 nm to 5000 nm, more preferably 500 nm to 2000 nm, and typically about 1000 nm. Cobalt or nickel can also be used as the material for the catalytic metal film 15B.

[0025] Next, a graphene layer 30 is formed on the catalyst metal film 15B by a CVD method (FIG. 3C). A mixed gas containing methane, hydrogen, and argon can be used as a material gas in the CVD. Acetylene, ethylene, and other alcohols can also be used instead of methane. The processing temperature is, for example, 1000°C.

[0026] Next, a resist 40B made of a resin material such as PMMA is formed on the surface of the graphene layer 30 (FIG. 3D). Next, the catalyst metal film 15B is dissolved using, for example, hydrochloric acid, to peel off the graphene layer 30 from the silicon substrate 11C. The graphene layer 30 is supported by the resist 40B (FIG. 3E).

[0027] Next, the graphene layer 30 supported by the resist 40B is adhered to the surface of the h-BN layer 20A previously transferred onto the substrate 10B (FIG. 3F). As a result, the graphene layer 30 is transferred onto the substrate 10B in a state in which it is laminated on the surface of the h-BN layer 20A. Then, the resist 40B is removed using an organic solvent (FIG. 3G). The above processes complete the process of transferring the graphene layer 30. Although the graphene layer 30 is formed by using the CVD method, it is also possible to form the graphene layer 30 by using the sputtering method. However, the graphene layer formed by the sputtering method is of lower quality than the graphene layer formed by the CVD method, and is often not suitable for application to electronic devices.

[0028] Next, a process for transferring the h-BN layer 20B will be described. The h-BN layer 20B supported by the resist 40C is formed by the same processes as those for the h-BN layer 20A up to the state shown in FIG. 2B (FIG. 4A).

[0029] Next, the h-BN layer 20B supported by the resist 40C is adhered to the surface of the graphene layer 30 transferred onto the substrate 10B (FIG. 4B). As a result, the h-BN layer 20B is transferred onto the substrate 10B in a state in which it is laminated on the surface of the graphene layer 30. Thereafter, the resist 40C is removed using an organic solvent (FIG. 4C). The above steps complete the process of transferring the h-BN layer 20B, and a film to be processed 50 in which the h-BN layer 20A, the graphene layer 30, and the h-BN layer 20B are laminated in this order is formed on the substrate 10B.

[0030] (Resist mask formation process) After the transfer step is completed, a resist mask forming step is performed. The resist mask forming step is a step of forming a resist mask 60 (see FIG. 5B) on the processing target film 50 so as to partially cover the processing target film 50. The resist mask 60 is used to pattern the processing target film 50 into a desired shape in an etching step to be described later.

[0031] For example, a resist material 60A made of a resin material such as PMMA is applied to the surface of the processing target film 50 by spin coating (FIG. 5A). Here, when the ratio E1 / E2 of the etching rate E1 of the resist mask 60 to the etching rate E2 of the processing target film 50 in the etching process described later is R, the resist mask 60 is formed to have a thickness R times or more the thickness of the processing target film 50. This makes it possible to prevent the resist mask 60 from disappearing in the etching process described later. The film thickness of the resist mask 60 is adjusted by the coating thickness of the resist material 60A. The coating thickness of the resist material 60A can be controlled by the rotation speed in spin coating.

[0032] After the application of the resist material 60A, the resist material 60A is patterned into a desired shape by performing each of the processes of pre-baking, exposure, development, and post-baking. As a result, a resist mask 60 is formed that partially covers the processing target film 50 (FIG. 5B). The resist mask 60 preferably has an inclined surface 61 at its end that is inclined with respect to the main surface of the substrate 10B, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface 61 is preferably gentle. The inclination angle can be made small, for example, by setting the baking temperature in the post-baking to a relatively low value.

[0033] (Etching process) After the resist mask forming process is completed, an etching process is performed. The etching process is a process in which the processing target film 50 is isotropically etched together with the resist mask 60 by dry etching with oxygen plasma. The dry etching process can be performed, for example, by using an existing plasma reactor. The plasma reactor can be one that uses a direct plasma method in which the stage is connected to the ground and the opposing upper electrode is connected to a high-frequency power source. According to this method, unlike the RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) method, no bias voltage is applied to the stage side and there is almost no ion incidence on the processing target, so that the processing target is exposed to the entire plasma atmosphere. As a result, the entire surface exposed to the plasma atmosphere is isotropically etched. The processing target film 50 is etched by dry etching with oxygen plasma and patterned into a shape according to the pattern of the resist mask 60.

[0034] 6A to 6C are cross-sectional views showing stepwise how the processing target film 50 is etched in this etching process. In this etching process, not only the processing target film 50 but also the resist mask 60 is isotropically etched. As shown in FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C, the resist mask 60 gradually loses its thickness and width dimensions as the processing target film 50 is etched. In the dry etching process using oxygen plasma, the etching rate E1 of the resist mask 60 containing a resin material is, for example, 32 nm / min, and the etching rate E2 of the processing target film 50 containing the h-BN layers 20A and 20B is, for example, 2 nm / min. The etching rates of the graphene layer 30 and the h-BN layers 20A and 20B are the same. In this etching process, the etching rate E1 of the resist mask 60 is higher than the etching rate E2 of the processing target film 50. The ratio R (=E1 / E2) of the etching rate E1 of the resist mask 60 to the etching rate E2 of the processing target film 50 is 16 (=32 / 2). Therefore, in the previous resist mask formation process, the resist mask 60 is formed to have a thickness 16 times or more the thickness of the processing target film 50.

[0035] By isotropically etching the film 50 to be processed together with the resist mask 60 by the dry etching process using oxygen plasma, an inclined surface 51 inclined with respect to the substrate 10B is formed at the end of the film 50 to be processed (FIG. 6C). That is, as the etching of the film 50 to be processed progresses, the resist mask 60 gradually reduces in the width direction, so that the film 50 to be processed is gradually exposed from the end toward the center. As a result, an inclined surface 51 whose thickness gradually increases toward the center is formed at the end of the film 50 to be processed. In addition, by using oxygen plasma in the dry etching process, the etching rate of the film 50 to be processed can be made extremely low compared to the case where fluorine gas, which is generally used when etching silicon, is used. By etching the film 50 to be processed at an extremely low etching rate while reducing the width direction dimension of the resist mask 60, the inclination angle of the inclined surface 51 can be made extremely gentle (for example, 10° or less). In addition, by forming the inclined surface 61 at the end of the resist mask 60, the inclination angle of the inclined surface 51 can be made even gentler. After etching of the film 50 to be processed is completed, the resist mask 60 is removed (FIG. 6D).

[0036] Here, Fig. 7A to Fig. 7D are SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) images showing the results of an experiment conducted to investigate the effect of the thickness of the resist mask on the patterning of the h-BN film. The film thickness of the resist mask was controlled by the spin coat rotation speed when applying the resist material. Fig. 7A shows the case where the spin coat rotation speed is 1000 rpm, Fig. 7B shows the case where the spin coat rotation speed is 2000 rpm, Fig. 7C shows the case where the spin coat rotation speed is 3000 rpm, and Fig. 7D shows the case where the spin coat rotation speed is 4000 rpm. Figs. 7A and 7B show images near the right end of the resist mask, and Figs. 7C and 7D show images near the left end of the resist mask. The higher the spin coat rotation speed, the thinner the resist mask becomes. According to the dry etching using oxygen plasma according to this embodiment, the h-BN film can be patterned into an appropriate shape according to the resist mask at any rotation speed, and a slope with a gentle inclination angle can be formed at the end of the h-BN film. The inclination angle of the inclined surface formed at the end of the h-BN film was about 5° in all cases. From the above results, it was confirmed that the thickness of the resist mask 60 has almost no effect on the patterning of the processing target film 50. Therefore, it can be said that it is sufficient to set the thickness of the resist mask 60 to be R times or more the thickness of the processing target film 50 to avoid loss during the etching process.

[0037] (Conductive film formation process) After the etching process is completed, a conductive film forming process is performed. The conductive film forming process is a process of forming conductive films 70A and 70B that contact the end of the processing target film 50 (FIG. 8A). The conductive film 70A functions as a source electrode, and the conductive film 70B functions as a drain electrode. The silicon substrate 11B functions as a back gate electrode. The conductive films 70A and 70B are made of different materials that can generate the Seebeck effect. For example, titanium, hafnium, zirconium, and chromium can be used as the material of the conductive film 70A. For example, platinum, nickel, palladium, and gold can be used as the material of the conductive film 70B. The conductive films 70A and 70B can be patterned using, for example, a lift-off method. By forming an inclined surface 51 at the end of the processing target film 50, the contact area between the processing target film 50 and the conductive films 70A and 70B is increased, and the contact state can be improved.

[0038] After the conductive films 70A and 70B are formed, a conductive film 70C functioning as a top gate electrode may be further formed on the upper surface of the processing target film 50 as necessary (FIG. 8B). Through the above steps, the infrared sensor 100, which is a device including a film containing hexagonal boron nitride, is completed.

[0039] As described above, the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment allows the film containing h-BN transferred onto the substrate to be appropriately processed. In the present embodiment, the film to be processed 50 is exemplified by the film having the h-BN layer 20A, the graphene layer 30, and the h-BN layer 20B laminated in this order, but is not limited to this embodiment. The film to be processed 50 may include only the h-BN layer. The film to be processed 50 is an example of the "film containing hexagonal boron nitride" in the disclosed technology.

[0040] The following supplementary notes are further disclosed regarding the above embodiment. (Appendix 1) 1. A method for manufacturing a device comprising a film comprising hexagonal boron nitride, comprising: transferring the film onto a substrate; forming a resist mask on the film to partially cover the film; isotropically etching the film together with the resist mask by a dry etching process using oxygen plasma; Including, In the dry etching process, an etching rate E1 of the resist mask is higher than an etching rate E2 of the film, When the ratio E1 / E2 of the etching rate E1 of the resist mask to the etching rate E2 of the film is R, the resist mask is formed to have a thickness R times or more the thickness of the film. Manufacturing method.

[0041] (Appendix 2) The dry etching process forms an inclined surface at the end of the film that is inclined with respect to the substrate. The manufacturing method described in Appendix 1.

[0042] (Appendix 3) The resist mask is formed so as to form an inclined surface at an end portion thereof that is inclined with respect to the substrate. The method for producing the present invention described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2.

[0043] (Appendix 4) The method further includes the step of forming a conductive film in contact with an end portion of the film after the dry etching process. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the

[0044] (Appendix 5) The film includes a layer including hexagonal boron nitride and a layer including graphene. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the

[0045] (Appendix 6) The resist mask is formed to have a thickness 16 times or more the thickness of the film. 6. The method of claim 1,

[0046] (Appendix 7) The film is a laminated film in which a layer containing graphene is sandwiched between layers containing hexagonal boron nitride. 7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6. [Explanation of symbols]

[0047] 10B Board 20A, 20B h-BN layer 30 graphene layers 50 Film to be processed 51 Slope 60 Resist Mask 61 Slope 70A, 70B conductive film 100 Infrared Sensor

Claims

1. 1. A method for manufacturing a device having a film comprising hexagonal boron nitride, comprising: transferring the film onto a substrate; forming a resist mask on the film to partially cover the film; isotropically etching the film together with the resist mask by a dry etching process using oxygen plasma; Including, In the dry etching process, an etching rate E1 of the resist mask is higher than an etching rate E2 of the film, The ratio E1 / E2 of the etching rate E1 of the resist mask to the etching rate E2 of the film is 16, and the resist mask is formed to have a thickness 16 times or more the thickness of the film. Manufacturing method.

2. The dry etching process forms an inclined surface at the end of the film that is inclined with respect to the substrate. The method of claim 1 .

3. The resist mask is formed so as to form an inclined surface at an end portion thereof that is inclined with respect to the substrate. The method according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The method further includes the step of forming a conductive film in contact with an end portion of the film after the dry etching process. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The film includes a layer including hexagonal boron nitride and a layer including graphene. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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