Method for constructing a dome-shaped building using a single piece of concrete

Abstract

To provide a building method of a dome-shaped building of concrete integrally formed.SOLUTION: A building method of a dome-shaped building with a roof that can be used as a living space allows concrete casting without the use of an outer frame support by forming a foundation, a wall, and a roof integrally by using reinforced concretes without using any supports and only by arranging partition walls in an interior space, and by using roof support pipe fittings, crossbar circular diameter maintenance pipes, cross pipe support fixing fittings, and wall frame diagonal support pipes.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for constructing a dome-shaped structure made of reinforced concrete. [Background technology]

[0002] Buildings with dome-shaped roofs made of reinforced concrete cannot be constructed as easily as buildings with horizontal roofs such as traditional flat slab roofs. For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose dome-shaped buildings, but in the case of a building with a dome-shaped roof, because the entire roof is dome-shaped and hemispherical, it is necessary to first assemble a formwork made of wooden plywood or FRP at the bottom edge of the dome roof into a dome shape, and then arrange reinforcing bars on top and pour and cast concrete to construct a reinforced concrete dome roof. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 10-61014 [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2007-239291 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, there are the following problems associated with constructing a structure with a dome-shaped roof using conventional reinforced concrete construction. (a) To construct a three-dimensional curved surface using flat wooden plywood, etc., requires accurate and precise formwork, which requires long experience and high construction techniques. (b) A large number of support structures would need to be placed on the curved surface of the dome using wooden or FRP formwork, which would drastically reduce workability inside the dome and increase the number of man-hours required, resulting in higher construction costs. (c) Since a dome-shaped roof has a gentle slope, there are many restrictions on the use of vibrators when pouring concrete. (d) Pouring concrete into the narrow space between the formwork of the dome roof requires a lot of manpower. In addition, since it is difficult to check the concrete filling condition from outside the formwork, pouring dense concrete requires many manpower. (e) When ensuring horizontal and vertical integrity using wooden or FRP formwork, it is necessary to check each and every part for horizontal and vertical integrity, which makes the work complicated and takes a long time to complete. (F) For example, when a dome-shaped roof is integrally formed with concrete using wooden formwork, the formwork is made of wood, so it is lightweight and easy to work with, but the weight of the poured concrete compresses the wooden formwork, causing it to be tightly clamped together and adhere strongly to the concrete surface, and there is a high possibility that the formwork will fall apart when it is removed. For this reason, wooden formwork is difficult to reuse, which results in high costs. For the same reason, FRP formwork is often destroyed when it is removed. Also, in order to ensure that FRP formwork has the same strength as wooden formwork, the FRP itself needs to be thick, which results in high costs and heavy weight.

[0005] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has as its object to provide a method for constructing a dome-shaped building that is integrally formed with concrete. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present invention is a dome-shaped building with a circular roof that defines the living space, and partition walls and the like are conveniently placed inside for the comfort and convenience of the living space, but there are no structural supports or the like for strength reinforcement. The building's foundation, walls, and roof are made of reinforced concrete and are integrally formed, providing sufficient strength to ensure safety, security, and comfort in which to live. To provide an open-type living space based on a living space and equipped with an entrance / exit and windows for lighting, and to provide a low-cost, popular building that can be used as a resort accommodation facility, a cafe, a restaurant, various management buildings, annexes, laboratories, residences, etc. The top of the dome roof can be fitted with a skylight to let in natural light and a ventilation system to increase comfort. The formwork and shoring tools at the top of the dome for installing skylights and ventilation devices are used during the assembly and dismantling of the formwork, and play an important role in safely and reliably dismantling the heavy inner roof formwork. In forming the circular walls and hemispherical roof as a single unit out of concrete, the formwork can be selected from any material, such as wood, FRP, or steel, and by using roof support pipe fittings, crossbar circular diameter maintaining pipes, cross pipe support fixing fittings, and wall frame diagonal support pipes, which have interior wall formwork and formwork retention functions and can be easily removed, concrete can be poured without using shoring for the outer frame, which increases the reliability of construction while also saving labor and shortening the later stages. The exterior walls and roof of the dome are coated with insulating paint, making it possible to live comfortably even in scorching heat or in windy, snowy environments. In addition, the interior walls and roof are made of plaster, which provides moisture-regulating and soundproofing effects. Furthermore, the structure of the present invention can be used as a storm shelter during a storm. For dome roof plastering repair and painting, and for roof maintenance, inspection, and recovery painting after completion, a movable device made of a circular staircase ladder made of pipes with handrails can be used to safely and reliably shorten construction times. Effect of the Invention

[0007] As described above, the method for constructing a reinforced concrete dome of the present invention can provide the following effects. (a) In the conventional method of constructing a reinforced concrete dome by assembling formwork at the construction site, it required a wealth of experience, a great deal of effort, and advanced technology to form a smooth curved surface, but the present invention is a method of mass-producing narrow wall formwork and narrow roof steel formwork of the same shape at the factory and assembling them one by one at the site to construct a dome. As a result, it is possible to easily construct a smooth curved dome construction with high precision, quality, accuracy, workability, and economy. (b) The use of a steel formwork for the reinforced concrete dome makes it strong, and the skylight formwork at the top of the circular roof is supported by "roof support pipe fittings" and "cross pipe support fixing fittings" to support the weight of the concrete, eliminating the need for many supports. This greatly improves workability inside the dome and allows for smooth construction. (c) There are problems with pouring concrete for dome roofs with gentle slopes or steep slopes, but by making the outer roof formwork about half the length of the inner roof formwork, it becomes easier to transport and assemble, and it also makes it easier to use a vibrator when pouring concrete. After pouring the concrete on the outer roof formwork, the finishing touches are done by plasterers. This is an effective construction method for pouring dense concrete. (d) A lot of effort is required to accurately maintain the horizontal and vertical alignment of the concrete formwork, but the "crossbar circular diameter maintaining pipe" and "wall frame diagonal support pipe" method make it easy to check the horizontal and vertical alignment of each part, eliminating the need for complicated checking work and enabling the interior wall formwork to be assembled quickly. (e) In the method of constructing a dome-shaped roof structure using wooden or FRP formwork, the formwork is often destroyed when removed, and it is not economically rational because it cannot be reused. However, with the present invention, which can be lightweight by producing steel formwork in a factory and assemble it on the construction site, it is possible to reuse it, making it more economical and overcoming the disadvantages of wooden and FRP formwork. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] Plan view of the dome-shaped roof of a dome-shaped building with steel formwork [Diagram 2] Plan view showing the placement of supports for the dome-shaped building [Diagram 3] Cross-sectional view showing the placement of supports for a dome-shaped building [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the interior of another embodiment of a dome-shaped building. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the exterior of another embodiment of a dome-shaped building. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a side view of the exterior of another embodiment of a dome-shaped building, viewed from the left side of the entrance. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a side view showing the exterior of another embodiment of a dome-shaped building from the front entrance. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a side view of the exterior of another embodiment of a dome-shaped building, viewed from the right side of the entrance. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a side view of the exterior of another embodiment of a dome-shaped building, seen from the rear of the entrance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the arrangement of steel formwork evenly spaced from the center of the dome apex. Workability was taken into consideration for the interior wall formwork, exterior wall formwork, interior roof formwork, and exterior roof formwork. By reducing the width of the steel formwork to around 600 mm, it becomes easier to transport, move and assemble, and can even be done by hand. An eye bolt is welded to the bottom of the formwork for the skylight area, and then secured in place with a chain and the eye bolt in the center of the floor. In addition, by attaching a chain block to the eye bolt when removing the inner roof formwork, the hook can be hooked onto the bolt hole in the inner roof formwork to remove it. Similarly, the flat iron plates to support the roof support pipe fittings in four places are welded, and the flat iron plates at the ends of the supports are secured with bolts and nuts or U-clips.

[0010] Figure 2 shows the locations of supports and other structures used during dome assembly on a plan view of the dome. This shows the locations of cross pipe support fixing fittings, roof support pipe fittings, crossbar circular diameter maintaining pipes, wall frame diagonal support pipes, etc.

[0011] Figure 3 shows the cross-section of the dome, showing the layout of the supports and other structures used during the assembly of the dome.

[0012] 4 to 9 show a building in which the dome roof of FIG. 1 is cut vertically in the center of FIG. 1 and lengthened in the left-right direction. In Figures 4 to 9, the dome roof of Figure 1 is elongated in the left-right direction, but it is also possible to cut the dome roof of Figure 1 horizontally in the center of Figure 1 to create a building in which the dome roof of Figure 1 is elongated in the vertical direction.

[0013] The dome-shaped building of the concrete integral construction type according to the present invention is The curved wall width is made up of small frame parts that are divided evenly from the center of the dome apex using steel formwork. Each formwork is tightly fastened with bolts, nuts, U-clips, etc. for construction.

[0014] First, after constructing the foundation floor, the inner wall formwork is placed on a base set on the surface of the concrete foundation floor and fixed in place to secure the inner wall formwork in a circular shape. Next, a "crossbar circular diameter maintaining pipe" is placed perpendicularly near the apex of the wall to secure the wall circular diameter. Then, one end of the "wall frame diagonal support pipe" is fixed near the top of the inner wall formwork, and the other end is fixed to the earthen floor. This will solve the problem in (e).

[0015] The steel formwork is designed so that it can be processed using prefabricated steel products of fixed lengths, which solves problem (i).

[0016] Next, the skylight formwork for the skylight is placed in the designated position on the vertical line of the circular center point of the dome floor, and the height and center position are confirmed using the "roof support pipe fittings" before installation. "Cross pipe support fixing brackets" are installed at three vertical points on the "roof support pipe bracket" - the top, middle, and bottom - to maintain the spacing between the supports and prevent the supports from buckling, and to support the weight of the concrete. This will solve the problem in (b).

[0017] Next, the inner roof formwork is moved to the scaffolding installed inside the dome, and the inner roof formwork, which has been made in sections, is fixed between the tops of the skylight formwork and the inner wall formwork using fastening materials such as bolts and nuts, and U-clips. The exterior wall formwork is placed on a base placed on the concrete foundation floor, and the blocks are placed on top of it and arranged in a circular shape, and then solidified with a separator installed on the interior wall formwork. The outer roof formwork is cut to a length approximately half the length of the curved roof surface, and is secured to the inner roof formwork with a separator. If the outer roof formwork is made the same length as the inner roof formwork, it is difficult to determine whether the concrete has been filled completely when pouring it, but by halving the length of the outer roof formwork, it becomes easier to pour the concrete and the vibrator can be used smoothly, allowing for dense, high-quality concrete to be poured. This can solve problems (c) and (d).

[0018] Reinforced concrete dome structures that use steel formwork are more dangerous when removing the formwork because of its weight, compared to wooden formwork, etc. The interior wall formwork, exterior wall formwork, and exterior roof formwork can be easily removed after the curing period. However, removing the inner roof formwork is difficult because it must be removed from a high position. For this, scaffolding was set up inside the dome, and a chain block was attached to an eyebolt welded to the skylight formwork at the top of the dome. A hook was then attached to the bolt hole in the formwork inside the roof to prevent the formwork from falling suddenly when it was removed, enabling safe removal of the formwork.

[0019] As described above, the method of constructing a reinforced concrete dome-shaped building using steel formwork of the present invention overcomes the drawback of the steel formwork method, which is its heavy weight, by reducing the width of the formwork, making it lighter and enabling it to be transported, assembled and constructed by hand. The strength of steel formwork and its ease of removal overcome the weaknesses of wooden and FRP formwork.

[0020] The steel formwork is manufactured in a factory and can be easily transported to each construction site, making it possible to construct a one-piece reinforced concrete dome structure on-site. Steel formwork is a low-cost, widespread construction method for reinforced concrete dome-shaped structures that is safe, accurate, comfortable, strong, and economical, and can be produced in factories using standard dimensions and fixed-length steel materials.

[0021] Once manufactured, steel formwork can be reused by repairing and inspecting it, and the number of times it can be reused can be increased, making it more economical than wooden or FRP formwork and eliminating the waste of wood and other materials.

Claims

[Claim 1] After pouring concrete into the foundation floor, A process of constructing wall forms consisting of inner and outer wall forms that will become the walls of the building; After pouring the wall concrete, A process of constructing a roof formwork consisting of an inner roof formwork and an outer roof formwork that will become the roof of the building, the roof formwork being divided into a desired number of areas from the center of the building to the wall surface in accordance with the dome shape of the roof; After pouring the roof concrete, removing the wall formwork and the roof formwork; A method for constructing a dome-shaped building made of concrete, comprising: The process of constructing wall forms, which consist of inner and outer wall forms that will become the walls of a building, is as follows: An inner wall formwork is erected on the circular track of the foundation concrete, In order to maintain the spacing of the inner diameter of the inner wall formwork, a crossbar circular diameter maintaining pipe is arranged in a cross shape inside the inner wall formwork, In order to prevent the collapse of the inner wall formwork erected on the foundation concrete, the inner wall formwork is fixed to the foundation concrete with wall formwork diagonal support pipes. Install the exterior wall formwork with separators on the outside of the interior wall formwork, It consists of pouring concrete between the inner and outer wall forms. The process of constructing a roof form consisting of an inner roof form and an outer roof form that will become the roof of a building, which are divided into a desired number of areas from the center of the building to the wall surface according to the dome shape of the roof, is as follows: Multiple roof support pipe fittings are erected in the center of the foundation concrete surrounded by the wall formwork, In order to maintain the distance between the roof support pipe fittings, cross pipe support fixing fittings are arranged between the roof support pipe fittings, The roof support pipe fittings are placed at the top of the roof inner formwork, and the height and center position are checked with the roof support pipe fittings. The skylight formwork is then installed. A roof form is installed between the skylight form and the apex of the wall form; Install the outer roof formwork with separators on the outside of the inner roof formwork. It consists of pouring concrete between the inner and outer roof forms. The process of removing the wall formwork and the roof formwork includes: After the poured concrete has cured, A chain block is placed on the eye bolt welded to the skylight formwork, and the hook is placed on the bolt hole in the roof inner formwork to remove the skylight formwork. Remove the outer and inner roof formwork, This process consists of removing the exterior and interior wall forms, which are wall forms. A method for constructing a dome-shaped building formed integrally with concrete.

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