1024-Value Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Wireless Device Capabilities in New Radio

Abstract

A method, network node, and wireless device (WD) for providing WD capability for New Radio (NR) 1024-ary-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is disclosed. According to one aspect, the network node method includes receiving an indication of one of a first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate and a second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate. The method also includes selecting one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order based at least in part on the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor. The method further includes transmitting a control message to the WD, the control message indicating the selected one of the first and second modulation orders and the corresponding one of the first and second data rates.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and in particular to wireless device (WD) capabilities for New Radio (NR) 1024-ary-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). [Background technology]

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) has developed and continues to develop standards for fourth-generation (4G) (also known as Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and fifth-generation (5G) (also known as New Radio (NR)) wireless communication systems that provide, among other features, broadband communications between network nodes, such as base stations and mobile radio devices (WDs), and between WDs, as well as sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems under development.

[0003] A 3GPP wireless communication system may include the following channels: Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) ● Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), and ●Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).

[0004] The 3GPP New Radio (NR) standard is designed to provide services for multiple use cases, such as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and machine-type communications (MTC). Each of these services has different technical requirements. For example, a typical requirement for eMBB is high data rates with medium latency (delay) and medium coverage, while URLLC services require low latency and highly reliable transmission, but perhaps for medium data rates.

[0005] One of the solutions for low-latency data transmission is a shorter transmission time interval. In NR, in addition to transmission in slots, minislot transmission can also reduce latency (delay time). A minislot is formed of any number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols from 1 to 14. Note that the concept of slot and minislot is not specific to a particular service, meaning that a minislot can be used for either eMBB, URLLC, or other services.

[0006] NR supports expanded data rate support through the adoption of advanced features including wider carrier bandwidths (up to 100 MHz in FR1 and up to 400 MHz in FR2), higher order MIMO (2, 4 or 8 layers for WD on the downlink and up to 4 layers on the uplink), carrier aggregation of carriers in FR1 and / or FR2, and modulation orders such as 64-QAM and 256-QAM.

[0007] By enabling 1024-QAM, peak throughput and / or spectral efficiency can be further increased. This can be used to improve network and WD throughput in scenarios with sufficiently high signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) and better channel conditions. Current 3GPP® NR technical releases 15 and 16 (3GPP® Release 15 / 16) do not support 1024-QAM.

[0008] Release 15 of LTE standardized support for 1024-QAM modulation for the downlink. The standard includes a description of the 1024-QAM constellation, a channel quality indicator (CQI) table corresponding to 1024-QAM, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table for 1024-QAM. The MCS table gives a mapping between MCS index for modulation order and transport block size (derived from a look-up table using transport block size and resource block (RB) index). The standard also includes higher layer signaling via parameters that enable 1024-QAM for PDSCH allocated by PDCCH / EPDCCH using downlink control information (DCI) format 1 / 1B / 1D / 2 / 2A / 2B / 2C / 2D with cyclic redundancy code (CRC) scrambled by C-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI). For example, LTE specifies a 6-bit modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table.

[0009] Unlike LTE, the NR MCS table uses a mapping between the MCS index and the coding rate for the modulation order, so the LTE 1024-QAM MCS table cannot be directly reused for the NR 1024-QAM design.

[0010] NR supports different non-fallback DCI formats, such as 1-1 and 1-2, which may have distinct configurations, including fields and corresponding field sizes.

[0011] In NR, downlink transport blocks are coded using a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code, and each transport block is rate matched based on a reference transport block size (known as Transport Block Size Limited Buffer Rate Matching (TBSLBRM)) that is derived based on several higher layer signaling parameters including bandwidth (number of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs)), number of layers, and modulation order. This is specified in 3GPP technical standard / specification 38.212, 5.4.2.1.

[0012] In NR, a phase tracking reference signal (RS) may be configured for uplink and downlink transmissions, and the time / frequency density is typically configured based on the WD report value (e.g., MCS index range and associated density) based on the MCS table assumed using the maximum modulation order. For example, a 3GPP Release 15 / 16 WD may indicate this capability based on the MCS table for 256-QAM if the WD supports this capability in that band via ptrs-DensityRecommendationSetDL.

[0013] In 3GPP NR Release 15 / 16, the WD reports support for a maximum modulation order of 256-QAM as a per-WD capability for FR1 or per-band capability for FR2. Separately, the WD reports additional capabilities related to the data rates it supports via a scaling factor signaled per-band combination (or per-feature set) and a supportedModulationOrderDL signaled per carrier per component of the per-band combination (or per-feature set per CC).

[0014] ┌──────────────────────────┬──┬──┬──┬──┐ │●pdsch-256QAM-FR1 │UE │Yes │No │FR1 │ │ │ │ │ only for FR1 as specified in 7.3.1.2 of TS38.211[6] │ │ │ │Is 256QAM modulation format supported for PDSCH? │ │ │ │ │ │indicate whether │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────────────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┤ │●pdsch-256QAM-FR2 │Van│No │N / A │FR2 │ │Only │ ... │Is 256QAM modulation format supported for PDSCH? │ │ │ │ │ │indicate whether │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────────────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┤ │●scalingFactor │FS │No │N / A │N / A │ │At maximum data rate calculation as specified in 4.1.2 │ │ │ │ │ │The scaling factor that will be applied to that band│ │ │ │ │ │The value f0p4 indicates a scaling factor of 0.4. │, f0p75 means 0.75, and │ │ │ │ │ │And so on. Without this, the maximum data rate is calculated as │ │ │ │ │ │The scaling factor that will be applied to that band│ │ │ │ │ │The value is 1. │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────────────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┤ │●supportedModulationOrderDL │FSPC│No │N / A │N / A │ │At maximum data rate calculation as specified in 4.1.2 │ │ │ │ │ │will be applied to the downlink on that carrier│ │ │ │ │ │Indicates the maximum modulation order supported. If included, │If WD supports higher values ​​in downlink│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ is higher than the value indicated in the field. │ │ │ │ │ │ the modulation order used by the network in the serving cell. │may be included. If this is not included, │ │ │ │ │ │- For FR1, the network is pdsch-256QAM-FR1 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │- For FR2, for each band, pdsch-256QAM-FR2 │ │ │ │ │ │ is signaled, the signaled modulation order │ │ │ │ │ │The number is used by the network nodes. │ │ │ │ │ │If this is not signaled in a given band, │ │ │ │ │ │The network should use 64QAM. │ │ │ │ │ │In all cases, TS 38.214

[12] specifies the data rate │ │ │ │ │ │ is the maximum data rate (DataRate) and the maximum data per CC. │Rate (DataRateCC) must not be exceeded. │ │ │ │ │ ├──────────────────────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┤ │●ptrs-DensityRecommendationSetDL │Ban│CY │N / A │N / A │ │For each supported subcarrier spacing, │do │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ shows a preferred set of thresholds for determining DL PRTS density. │This is required for FR2. Each supported │For each subcarrier interval, this field contains │ │ │ │ │ │- Two values ​​for frequencyDensity │ │ │ │ │ │- Three values ​​for timeDensity │ │ │ │ │ └──────────────────────────────────────┘

[0015] The calculation of the data rate supported by WD is as follows, which is applicable for modulation orders up to 256-QAM according to the 3GPP® Release 15 / 16 standard (from 3GPP® TS38.306):

[0016] For NR, the approximate data rate for a given number of carriers aggregated in a band or combination of bands is calculated as follows:

[0017]

number

[0018] where J is the number of aggregated component carriers in a band or combination of bands. Rmax = 948 / 1024;

[0019] For the jth component carrier (CC), ● v (j) Layers is the maximum number of supported layers, which is given by the maximum of the upper layer parameters maxNumberMIMO-LayersPDSCH for the downlink and maxNumberMIMO-LayersCB-PUSCH and maxNumberMIMO-LayersNonCB-PUSCH for the uplink. ● Q (j) m is the maximum supported modulation order, which is given by the higher layer parameters supportedModulationOrderDL for the downlink and supportedModulationOrderUL for the uplink. ● f (j) is the scaling factor, which is given by the upper layer parameter scalingFactor and can take the values ​​1, 0.8, 0.75, and 0.4. μ is the numerology (defined in 3GPP TS 38.211). ● T μ s is the average OFDM symbol duration in a subframe for numerology μ, i.e., T μ s = (10 -3 ) / (14*2 μ ) where the normal cyclic prefix is ​​assumed. ● N BW(j),μ PRBis the bandwidth BW with numerology μ as defined in 5.3, TS 38.101-1 and 5.3, TS 38.101-2. (j) where BW (j) is the maximum bandwidth supported by the WD in a given band or band combination. ● OH (j) is the overhead, which takes the following values: 0.14, for DL ​​frequency range FR1 0.18, for DL ​​frequency range FR2 0.08, for frequency range FR1 for UL 0.10, for frequency range FR2 for UL

[0020] Note 1: Only either the UL or SUL carrier (the one with the higher data rate) counts as a cell operating SUL.

[0021] NOTE 2: In case of UL transmission (Tx) switching between carriers, for the carrier with the highest supported UL data rate, only the combining of the MIMO layers supported by the carrier resulting in the highest combined data rate is counted.

[0022] The approximate maximum data rate can be calculated as the maximum of the approximate data rates calculated using the above formula for each supported band or band combination.

[0023] For single-carrier NR SA operation, the WD shall support, for that carrier, a data rate not less than the data rate calculated using the formula above, where j=1CC and element v (j) Layers * Q (j) m *f (j) is not less than 4.

[0024] Note: As an example, the value of 4 for the above element would be v(j) Layers =1, Q (j) m =4, and f (j) =1 Corresponds to.

[0025] For Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) with Multiple Radio Access Technology-Dual Connectivity (MR-DC), the approximate data rate for a given number of aggregated carriers in a band or band combination is calculated as follows: Data rate (in Mbps) = 10 -3 * Σ J j=1 TBS j Where: ● J is the number of aggregated EUTRA component carriers in the MR-DC band combination. ● TBS j is the total maximum number of DL-SCH transport block bits received or the total maximum number of UL-SCH transport block bits transmitted within a 1 ms transmission time interval (TTI) for the jth CC, which is derived from 3GPP Technical Standard (TS) 36.213 and is based on the maximum MIMO layers supported in the WD for the jth CC, as well as the maximum modulation order of the jth CC and the number of PRBs based on the bandwidth for the jth CC according to the indicated WD capability.

[0026] The approximate maximum data rate can be calculated as the maximum of the approximate data rates calculated using the above formula for each supported band or band combination.

[0027] For MR-DC, the approximate maximum data rate is calculated as the sum of the approximate maximum data rates of NR and EUTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access).

[0028] Existing solutions defined in the LTE 1024-QAM design and / or NR 256-QAM design cannot be fully reused to enable 1024-QAM for the NR PDSCH, particularly due to the following reasons: ● PT-RS Density Recommendation Related Capabilities ● Handling capabilities related to data rate calculations, such as supportedModulationOrderDL and data rate scaling factors.

[0029] Because legacy networks may apply these capabilities to a maximum modulation order of 256-QAM (as in 3GPP® Release 15 / 16), while 3GPP® Release 17 networks may apply the same capabilities to a maximum modulation order of 1024-QAM, network nodes, e.g., gNBs, may end up with unfortunate (or inappropriate) consequences for these capabilities. For example, this may lead to unnecessary reduction in peak rates (e.g., 3GPP® Release 17 WD indicates a scaling factor of 0.75 assuming a maximum modulation order of 1024-QAM, while legacy NWs may apply a scaling factor of 0.75 with 256-QAM), etc. Thus, WD performance may be degraded in legacy networks. Summary of the Invention

[0030] Some embodiments advantageously provide a method, network node, and wireless device for wireless device (WD) capability for New Radio (NR) 1024-ary-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).

[0031] Some embodiments provide. ● A new capability to disambiguate (clarify) PT-RS density recommendations when a WD reports that it supports both 1024-QAM and 256-QAM, and / or ● New capability to clarify the data rate scaling factor and / or supportedModulationOrderDL that apply when a WD reports the capability to support both 1024-QAM and 256-QAM.

[0032] According to one aspect, a network node configured to communicate with a WD is provided. The method includes receiving an indication from the WD indicating one of a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor, the first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate. The method further includes selecting one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order based at least in part on the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor. The method also includes transmitting a control message to the WD, the control message indicating the selected one of the first and second modulation orders and the corresponding one of the first and second data rates.

[0033] According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the control message is transmitted by radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the signaling being configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating a capability of the WD to support 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order. In some embodiments, the method also includes determining a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor. In some embodiments, the method also includes receiving one of a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation from the WD, the first PTRS density recommendation being associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation being associated with the second modulation order. In some embodiments, the method also includes transmitting a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCS) to the WD to determine a PTRS density for the physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first and second modulation orders.

[0034] According to another aspect, a network node configured to communicate with a WD is provided. The network node includes a wireless interface configured to receive an indication of one of a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor from the WD, the first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate. The network node also includes a processing circuit in communication with the wireless interface and configured to select one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order based at least in part on the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor. The wireless interface is further configured to transmit a control message to the WD, the control message indicating the selected one of the first and second modulation orders and the corresponding one of the first and second data rates.

[0035] According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the control message is transmitted by radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the signaling being configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating an ability of the WD to support 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order. In some embodiments, the processing circuit is further configured to determine a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor. In some embodiments, the air interface is further configured to receive one of a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation from the WD, the first PTRS density recommendation being associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation being associated with the second modulation order. In some embodiments, the radio interface is further configured to transmit a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCS) to the WD to determine the PTRS density of the physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first and second modulation orders.

[0036] According to another aspect, a method is provided in a WD configured to communicate with a network node. The method includes transmitting an indication of one of a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor to the network node, the first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate. The method also includes receiving a control message, the control message indicating one of the first and second modulation orders and a corresponding one of the first and second data rates. The method also includes demodulating a physical downlink shared channel using the indicated one of the first and second modulation orders.

[0037] According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the control message is received by radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the signaling configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating a capability of the WD to support 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order. In some embodiments, the method also includes determining a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor. In some embodiments, the method also further includes transmitting one of a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation to the network node, the first PTRS density recommendation being associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation being associated with the second modulation order. In some embodiments, the method also includes receiving from the network node a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCSs) for determining a PTRS density for the physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first and second modulation orders.

[0038] According to yet another aspect, a WD configured to communicate with a network node is provided. The WD includes a radio interface configured to transmit an indication of one of a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor to the network node, the first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate. The radio interface is also configured to receive a control message, the control message indicating one of the first and second modulation orders and a corresponding one of the first and second data rates. The WD also includes a processing circuit in communication with the radio interface and configured to demodulate a physical downlink shared channel using the indicated one of the first and second modulation orders at the corresponding one of the first and second data rates.

[0039] According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the control message is received by radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the signaling configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating a capability of the WD to support 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order. In some embodiments, the processing circuit is further configured to determine a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor. In some embodiments, the air interface is further configured to transmit one of a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation to the network node, the first PTRS density recommendation being associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation being associated with the second modulation order. In some embodiments, the radio interface is further configured to receive from the network node a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCSs) for determining a PTRS density for the physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first and second modulation orders. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0040] A more complete understanding of the present embodiments, together with their attendant advantages and features, will be more readily appreciated by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary network architecture showing a communication system connected to a host computer via an intermediate network in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] 1 is a block diagram of a host computer that communicates with a wireless device via a network node at least partially over a wireless connection, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3]1 is a flowchart illustrating an example method implemented in a communication system including a host computer for executing a client application on a wireless device, a network node, and a wireless device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a network node, and a wireless device for receiving user data at a wireless device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a network node, and a wireless device for receiving user data at a host computer from a wireless device, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] 1 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a network node, and a wireless device for receiving user data at a host computer, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] 1 is a flowchart of an example process in a network node for a wireless device (WD) capability for New Radio (NR) 1024-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). [Figure 8] 1 is a flowchart of an example process in a wireless device for a wireless device (WD) capable of 1024-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) of New Radio (NR). [Figure 9] 1 is a flowchart of another example process in a network node for a wireless device (WD) capability for New Radio (NR) 1024-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). [Figure 10] 1 is a flowchart of another exemplary process in a wireless device for a wireless device (WD) capability for New Radio (NR) 1024-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0041] Before describing the embodiments in detail, it should be noted that the embodiments are primarily a combination of equipment components and process steps related to a wireless device (WD) capability for 1024-value-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in New Radio (NR). Therefore, components are appropriately represented by conventional symbols in the drawings, and only specific details relevant to understanding the embodiments are shown, so as not to obscure the present disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the description herein. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the description.

[0042] As used herein, relational terms such as "first" and "second", "upper" and "lower" may be used only to distinguish one entity or element from another entity or element and do not necessarily require or imply optional physical or logical relationships or order between such entities or elements. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the concepts described herein. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises", "having", "comprising", "includes" and / or "including" as used herein specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components but do not exclude the presence of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0043] In the embodiments described herein, coupling terms such as "in communication with" may be used to indicate electrical or data communication, which may be accomplished, for example, by physical contact, induction, electromagnetic radiation, radio signaling, infrared signaling, or optical signals. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that multiple components may interoperate and modifications and variations are possible to accomplish electrical and data communication.

[0044] In some embodiments described herein, terms such as "coupled," "connected," and the like may be used herein to indicate a connection, although not necessarily direct, and may include wired and / or wireless connections.

[0045] The term "network node" as used herein may be used for a base station (BS), radio base station, base transceiver station (BTS), base station controller (BSC), radio network controller (RNC), gNodeB (gNB), evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB), NodeB, multi-standard radio (MSR BS), multi-cell / multicast coordination entity (MCE), integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, donor node control, radio access point (AP), transmission point, transmission node, remote radio unit (RRU), remote radio head (RRH), core network node (e.g., mobile management entity (MME), self-organizing network (SON) node, coordination node, positioning node, MDT node, etc.), external node (e.g., third party node, external node), which may be an optional type of network node included in a wireless network, which may further comprise any of the following: current network, distributed antenna system (DAS) node, spectrum access system (SAS) node, element management system (EMS), etc. A network node may also comprise a test device. As used herein, the term "wireless node" may also be used to denote a wireless device (WD) such as a wireless device (WD) or a wireless network node.

[0046] In some embodiments, the non-limiting terms wireless device (WD) or user equipment (UE) are used interchangeably. A WD in this specification may be an optional type of wireless device capable of communicating with a network node or another WD via a wireless signal, such as a wireless device (WD). A WD may also be a wireless communication device, a target device, a device-to-device (D2D) WD, a machine-type WD or WD capable of machine-to-machine communication (M2M), a low-cost and / or low-complexity WD, a sensor equipped with a WD, a tablet, a mobile terminal, a smartphone, a laptop with embedded (LEE), a laptop-mounted equipment (LME), a USB dongle, a customer premises equipment (CPE), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, or a narrowband IoT (NB-IOT) device, etc.

[0047] Also, in some embodiments, the general term "radio network node" is used, which may be any of the following optional types of radio network node: base station, radio base station, base transceiver station, base station controller, network controller, RNC, evolved Node B (eNB), Node B, gNB, multi-cell / multicast coordination entity (MCE), IAB node, relay node, access point, radio access point, remote radio unit (RRU) remote radio head (RRH).

[0048] It should be noted that, while terminology from one particular wireless system, such as, for example, 3GPP's LTE and / or New Radio (NR), should not be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosure to only the aforementioned systems, other wireless systems, including, but not limited to, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), can also benefit from utilizing ideas within the scope of the disclosure.

[0049] Furthermore, it should be noted that the functions described herein as being performed by a wireless device or a network node may be distributed across multiple wireless devices and / or network nodes. In other words, it is contemplated that the functions of the network nodes and wireless devices described herein are not limited to performance by a single physical device, but may in fact be distributed among several physical devices. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that the terms used herein should be interpreted to have a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the present specification and related art, and are not to be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0050] Some embodiments provide a wireless device (WD) capability to support New Radio (NR) 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Some embodiments allow the WD to signal 1024-QAM and 256-QAM capabilities independently, so that WD performance can be optimized in both legacy networks and in networks that implement 1024-QAM features.

[0051] Referring to the drawings, in which like elements are referred to by like reference numerals, FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system 10 according to an embodiment, such as a 3GPP type cellular network that may support standards such as LTE and / or NR (5G), comprising an access network 12, such as a radio access network, and a core network 14. The access network 12 comprises a number of network nodes 16a, 16b, 16c, such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs, or other types of wireless access points (collectively referred to as network nodes 16), each defining a corresponding coverage area 18a, 18b, 18c (collectively referred to as coverage area 18). Each network node 16a, 16b, 16c is connectable to the core network 14 via a wired or wireless connection 20. A first wireless device (WD) 22a located in the coverage area 18a is configured to wirelessly connect to or be paged by the corresponding network node 16a. A second WD 22b within the coverage area 18b can wirelessly connect to a corresponding network node 16b. Although multiple WDs 22a, 22b (collectively referred to as wireless devices 22) are shown here, the present disclosure is equally applicable when a single WD is within the coverage area or when a single WD connects to a corresponding network node 16. For convenience, only two WDs 22 and three network nodes 16 are shown, but it should be noted that a communication system may include many more WDs 22 and network nodes 16.

[0052] It is also contemplated that the WD 22 may communicate simultaneously and / or may be configured to communicate separately with more than one network node 16 and more than one type of network node 16. For example, the WD 22 may have dual connectivity with a network node 16 supporting LTE and the same or another network node 16 supporting NR. As an example, the WD 22 may communicate with an eNB for LTE / E-UTRAN and a gNB for NR / NG-RAN.

[0053] The communication system 10 may itself be connected to a host computer 24, which may be embodied in hardware and / or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, or as a processing resource in a server farm. The host computer 24 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. The connection 26, 28 between the communication system 10 and the host computer 24 may extend directly from the core network 14 to the host computer 24, or may extend through an optional intermediate network 30. The intermediate network 30 may be one or a combination of two or more of a public network, a private network, or a hosted network. The intermediate network 30, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet. In some embodiments, the intermediate network 30 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).

[0054] The communication system of FIG. 1 as a whole enables a connection between one of the connected WDs 22a, 22b and the host computer 24. The connectivity may be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection. The host computer 24 and the connected WDs 22a, 22b are configured to communicate data and / or signaling over the OTT connection using the access network 12, the core network 14, the optional intermediate network 30, and further infrastructure (not shown) considered as intermediary devices. The OTT connection may be transparent in the sense that at least some of the participating communication devices through which the OTT connection passes are unaware of the routing of the uplink and downlink communications. For example, the network node 16 does not need to be informed or informed about the past routing of the incoming downlink communication with data originating from the host computer 24 to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to the connected WD 22a. Similarly, the network node 16 does not need to be aware of the future path of the outgoing uplink communication from the WD 22a towards the host computer 24.

[0055] The network node 16 is configured to include a disambiguation unit 32 configured to perform one or more network node 16 functions described herein, such as selecting one of the first and second modulation orders based at least in part on an indicated one of the first and second scaling factors. The disambiguation unit 32 may further be configured to disambiguate a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first and second indications. The wireless device 22 is configured to include a scaling unit 34 configured to perform one or more wireless device 22 functions described herein, such as applying a scaling factor based at least in part on an indication of one of the first and second scaling factors, the first scaling factor corresponding to the first modulation order and the first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to the second modulation order and the second data rate. Scaling unit 34 may be further configured to apply a scaling factor to perform QAM.

[0056] 2, an exemplary embodiment of the WD 22, the network node 16, and the host computer 24 described in the preceding paragraphs is described. In the communication system 10, the host computer 24 comprises hardware (HW) 38 including a communication interface 40 configured to set up and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of another communication device of the communication system 10. The host computer 24 further comprises a processing circuit 42 that may have storage and / or processing capabilities. The processing circuit 42 may include a processor 44 and a memory 46. In particular, in addition to or instead of a processor such as a central processing unit and a memory, the processing circuit 42 may comprise an integrated circuit for processing and / or control, for example, one or more processors and / or processor cores and / or FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) and / or ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) adapted to execute instructions. The processor 44 may be configured to access (e.g., write and / or read) the memory 46, which may comprise optional types of volatile and / or non-volatile memory, such as cache memory and / or buffer memory and / or RAM (random access memory) and / or ROM (read only memory) and / or optical memory and / or EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory).

[0057] The processing circuitry 42 may be configured to control any of the methods and / or processes described herein and / or cause such methods and / or processes to be performed, for example, by the host computer 24. The processor 44 corresponds to one or more processors 44 for performing the functions of the host computer 24 described herein. The host computer 24 includes a memory 46 configured to store data, program software code, and / or other information described herein. In some embodiments, the software 48 and / or host application 50 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 44 and / or the processing circuitry 42, cause the processor 44 and / or the processing circuitry 42 to perform the processes described herein with respect to the host computer 24. The instructions may be software associated with the host computer 24.

[0058] The software 48 may be executable by the processing circuitry 42. The software 48 includes a host application 50. The host application 50 may be operable to provide services to remote users, such as the WD 22, connecting via an OTT connection 52 that terminates at the WD 22 and the host computer 24. In providing services to the remote users, the host application 50 may provide user data that is transmitted using the OTT connection 52. "User data" may be data and information described herein as implementing the functionality described herein. In one embodiment, the host computer 24 may be configured to provide control and functionality to a service provider and may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. The processing circuitry 42 of the host computer 24 may enable the host computer 24 to observe, monitor, control, transmit, and / or receive from the network node 16 and / or the wireless device 22.

[0059] The communication system 10 further includes a network node 16 including hardware 58 provided in the communication system 10 to enable communication with the host computer 24 and the WD 22. The hardware 58 may include at least a wireless interface 62 for establishing and maintaining a wireless connection 64, and a communication interface 60 for establishing and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of another communication device of the communication system 10, and the WD 22 located in a coverage area 18 provided by the network node 16. The wireless interface 62 may be formed as or include, for example, one or more RF transmitters, one or more RF receivers, and / or one or more RF transceivers. The communication interface 60 may be configured to facilitate a connection 66 to the host computer 24. The connection 66 may be direct or may pass through the core network 14 of the communication system 10 and / or through one or more intermediate networks 30 external to the communication system 10.

[0060] In the illustrated embodiment, the hardware 58 of the network node 16 further includes processing circuitry 68. The processing circuitry 68 may include a processor 70 and a memory 72. In particular, in addition to or instead of a processor and memory, such as a central processing unit, the processing circuitry 68 may comprise integrated circuits for processing and / or control, e.g., one or more processors and / or processor cores and / or FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) and / or ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) adapted to execute instructions. The processor 70 may be configured to access (e.g., write and / or read) the memory 72, which may comprise optional types of volatile and / or non-volatile memory, e.g., cache memory and / or buffer memory and / or RAM (random access memory) and / or ROM (read only memory) and / or optical memory and / or EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory).

[0061] Thus, the network node 16 further has software 74 stored, for example, internally in the memory 72 or stored in an external memory accessible by the network node 16 via an external connection (e.g., a database, a storage array, a network storage device, etc.). The software 74 may be executable by the processing circuitry 68. The processing circuitry 68 may be configured to control any of the methods and / or processes described herein and / or cause such methods and / or processes to be performed, for example, by the network node 16. The processor 70 corresponds to one or more processors 70 for performing the functions of the network node 16 described herein. The memory 72 is configured to store data, program software code, and / or other information described herein. In some embodiments, the software 74 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 70 and / or the processing circuitry 68, cause the processor 70 and / or the processing circuitry 68 to perform the processes described herein with respect to the network node 16. For example, the processing circuitry 68 of the network node 16 may include a disambiguation unit 32 configured to select one of the first and second modulation orders based at least in part on an indicated one of the first and second scaling factors. The disambiguation unit 32 may be further configured to disambiguate a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first and second indications.

[0062] The communication system 10 further comprises the referenced WD 22. The WD 22 may have hardware 80 that may include a radio interface 82 configured to set up and maintain a wireless connection 64 with a network node 16 serving the coverage area 18 in which the WD 22 is currently located. The radio interface 82 may be formed as or may include, for example, one or more RF transmitters, one or more RF receivers, and / or one or more RF transceivers (transceivers).

[0063] The hardware 80 of the WD 22 further includes a processing circuit 84. The processing circuit 84 may include a processor 86 and a memory 88. In particular, in addition to or instead of a processor and memory, such as a central processing unit, the processing circuit 84 may include integrated circuits for processing and / or control, e.g., one or more processors and / or processor cores and / or FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) and / or ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) adapted to execute instructions. The processor 86 may be configured to access (e.g., write and / or read) the memory 88, which may include optional types of volatile and / or non-volatile memory, e.g., cache memory and / or buffer memory and / or RAM (random access memory) and / or ROM (read only memory) and / or optical memory and / or EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory).

[0064] Thus, the WD 22 may further comprise software 90, for example, stored in the memory 88 of the WD 22 or in an external memory accessible by the WD 22 (e.g., a database, a storage array, a network storage device, etc.). The software 90 may be executable by the processing circuitry 84. The software 90 may include a client application 92. The client application 92 may be operable to provide services to a human or non-human user via the WD 22 with the support of the host computer 24. The host application 50 running at the host computer 24 may communicate with the running client application 92 via the OTT connection 52 terminating at the WD 22 and the host computer 24. In providing services to the user, the client application 92 may receive request data from the host application 50 and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection 52 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The client application 92 may interact with the user to generate the user data provided by the user.

[0065] The processing circuitry 84 may be configured to control any of the methods and / or processes described herein and / or cause such methods and / or processes to be performed, for example, by the WD 22. The processor 86 corresponds to one or more processors 86 for performing the WD 22 functions described herein. The WD 22 includes a memory 88 configured to store data, program software code, and / or other information described herein. In some embodiments, the software 90 and / or the client application 92 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 86 and / or the processing circuitry 84, cause the processor 86 and / or the processing circuitry 84 to perform the processes described herein with respect to the WD 22. For example, the processing circuitry 84 of the wireless device 22 may include a scaling unit 34 configured to apply a scaling factor based at least in part on an indication of one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor, the first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate. Scaling unit 34 may be further configured to apply a scaling factor to perform QAM.

[0066] In some embodiments, the internal operation of network node 16, WD 22, and host computer 24 may be as shown in FIG. 2, and independently, the surrounding network topology may be that of FIG.

[0067] 2, the OTT connection 52 is depicted abstractly to illustrate communication between the host computer 24 and the wireless device 22 via the network nodes 16, without explicit reference to the exact routing of messages through these devices and to intermediate devices. The network infrastructure can determine the routing, which can be configured to be hidden from the WD 22, or from the service provider operating the host computer 24, or both. While the OTT connection 52 is active, the network infrastructure can further determine to dynamically change the routing (e.g., based on load balancing considerations or network reconfiguration).

[0068] The wireless connection 64 between the WD 22 and the network node 16 follows the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this specification. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of the OTT service provided to the WD 22 using the OTT connection 52, of which the wireless connection 64 may form the final leg. More precisely, the teachings of some of these embodiments may improve the data rate, latency, and / or power consumption, thereby providing advantages such as reduced user wait time, relaxed file size limitations, better responsiveness, extended battery life, etc.

[0069] In some embodiments, measurement procedures may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rates, latencies, and other factors that one or more embodiments improve upon. There may also be optional network functionality between the host computer 24 and the WD 22 to reconfigure the OTT connection 52 in response to variations in measurements. The measurement procedures and / or network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 52 may be implemented in the software 48 of the host computer 24, or in the software 90 of the WD 22, or both. In an embodiment, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or associated with the communication devices through which the OTT connection 52 passes, and the sensors may participate in the measurement procedures by providing values ​​of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or by providing values ​​of other physical quantities from which the software 48, 90 may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguration of the OTT connection 52 may include message formats, retransmission settings, preferred routing settings, etc., and the reconfiguration need not affect the network node 16 and may be unknown or imperceptible to the network node 16. Some such procedures and functions are known and may be practiced in the art. According to an embodiment, the measurements may have unique WD signaling to facilitate measurements by the host computer 24 of throughput, propagation time, delay time, etc. In some embodiments, the measurements may be performed in that the OTT connection 52 is used to send messages, particularly empty or "dummy" messages, while the software 48, 90 monitors propagation times, errors, etc.

[0070] Thus, in some embodiments, host computer 24 includes processing circuitry 42 configured to provide user data and a communications interface 40 configured to forward the user data to a cellular network for transmission to WD 22. In some embodiments, the cellular network also includes a network node 16 having a wireless interface 62. In some embodiments, network node 16 configures and / or processes 68 of network node 16 to perform functions and / or methods described herein to prepare / initiate / maintain / support / terminate transmissions to WD 22 and / or to prepare / terminate / maintain / support / terminate reception of transmissions from WD 22.

[0071] In some embodiments, host computer 24 includes processing circuitry 42 and a communications interface 40 configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from WD 22 to network node 16. In some embodiments, WD 22 comprises a wireless interface 82 and / or processing circuitry 84 configured and / or configured to perform functions and / or methods described herein for preparing / initiating / maintaining / supporting / terminating transmissions to network node 16 and / or for preparing / terminating / maintaining / supporting / terminating reception of transmissions from network node 16.

[0072] 1 and 2 depict various "units," such as the disambiguation unit 32 and the scaling unit 34, as being within respective processors, it is contemplated that these units may be implemented such that portions of the units are stored in corresponding memories within the processing circuitry. In other words, the units may be implemented in hardware within the processing circuitry, or in a combination of hardware and software.

[0073] 3 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method implemented in a communication system, such as the communication system of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, according to one embodiment. The communication system may include a host computer 24, a network node 16, and a WD 22, which may be as described in connection with FIG. 2. In a first step of the method, the host computer 24 provides user data (step S100). In an optional sub-step of the first step, the host computer 24 provides the user data by executing a host application, such as the host application 50, for example (step S102). In a second step, the host computer 24 initiates a transmission to carry the user data to the WD 22 (step S104). In an optional third step, the network node 16 transmits the user data carried in the host computer 24 initiated transmission to the WD 22 (step S106), according to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In an optional fourth step, the WD 22 executes a client application, such as, for example, client application 92 associated with the host application 50 executed by the host computer 24 (step S108).

[0074] 4 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method implemented in a communication system, such as that of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment. The communication system may include a host computer 24, a network node 16, and a WD 22, which may be as described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. In a first step of the method, the host computer 24 provides user data (step S110). In an optional sub-step (not shown), the host computer 24 provides the user data by executing a host application, such as the host application 50. In a second step, the host computer 24 initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the WD 22 (step S112). The transmission may pass through the network node 16 in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In an optional third step, the WD 22 receives the user data carried in the transmission (step S114).

[0075] 5 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method implemented in a communication system, such as the communication system of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment. The communication system may include a host computer 24, a network node 16, and a WD 22, which may be as described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. In an optional first step of the method, the WD 22 receives input data provided by the host computer 24 (step S116). In an optional sub-step of the first step, the WD 22 executes a client application 92 that provides user data in response to the received input data provided by the host computer 24 (step S118). Additionally or alternatively, in an optional second step, the WD 22 provides the user data (step S120). In an optional sub-step of the second step, the WD provides the user data (step S122), for example by executing a client application, such as the client application 92. In providing the user data, the executed client application 92 may further take into account user input received from a user. Regardless of the particular manner in which the user data was provided, in an optional third sub-step, WD 22 may begin transmitting the user data to host computer 24 (step S124). In a fourth step of the method, host computer 24 receives the user data transmitted from WD 22 (step S126) in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.

[0076] 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method implemented in a communication system, such as that of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment. The communication system may include a host computer 24, a network node 16, and a WD 22, which may be as described in connection with FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this specification, the network node 16 receives user data from the WD 22 in an optional first step of the method (step S128). In an optional second step, the network node 16 initiates a transmission of the received user data to the host computer 24 (step S130). In a third step, the host computer 24 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the network node 16 (step S132).

[0077] 7 is a flow chart of an example process in the network node 16 for a wireless device (WD) capability for New Radio (NR) 1024-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). One or more blocks described herein may be executed by one or more elements of the network node 16, such as by one or more of the processing circuit 68 (including the disambiguation unit 32), the processor 70, the air interface 62, and / or the communication interface 60. The network node 16 is configured to receive (step S134) a first indication indicating a first maximum order of the WD's quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capability for a first band and a second indication indicating a second maximum order of the WD's QAM capability for a second band. Also includes disambiguating a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first indication and the second indication (S136).

[0078] 8 is a flowchart of an example process in the wireless device 22 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. One or more components described herein may be executed by one or more elements of the wireless device 22, such as by one or more of the processing circuit 84 (including the scaling unit 34), the processor 86, the air interface 82, and / or the communication interface 60. The wireless device 22 is configured to transmit a first indication indicating a first maximum order of the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capability of the WD for the first band and a second indication indicating a second maximum order of the QAM capability of the WD for the second band (step S138). The method also includes receiving and applying a scaling factor for performing QAM (step S140).

[0079] FIG. 9 is a flow chart of an example process in the network node 16 for a wireless device (WD) capability for New Radio (NR) 1024-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). One or more blocks described herein may be executed by one or more elements of the network node 16, such as by one or more of the processing circuit 68 (including the disambiguation unit 32), the processor 70, the air interface 62, and / or the communication interface 60. The network node 16 is configured to receive an indication of one of the first and second scaling factors from the WD 22, the first scaling factor corresponding to the first modulation order and the first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to the second modulation order and the second data rate (step S142). The method also includes selecting one of the first and second modulation orders based at least in part on the indicated one of the first and second scaling factors (step S144). The method also includes sending a control message to WD22, the control message indicating a selected one of the first and second modulation orders and a corresponding one of the first and second data rates (step S146).

[0080] In some embodiments, the control message is transmitted by radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the signaling configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating an ability of the WD to perform 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order. In some embodiments, the method also includes determining a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor. In some embodiments, the method also includes receiving one of a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation from the WD, the first PTRS density recommendation being associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation being associated with the second modulation order. In some embodiments, the method also includes transmitting a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCS) to the WD to determine a PTRS density for the physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first and second modulation orders.

[0081] 10 is a flowchart of an example process in the wireless device 22 according to some embodiments of the disclosure. One or more components described herein may be executed by one or more elements of the wireless device 22, such as by one or more of the processing circuitry 84 (including the scaling unit 34), the processor 86, the air interface 82, and / or the communication interface 60. The wireless device 22 is configured to transmit an indication of one of the first and second scaling factors to the network node 16, the first scaling factor corresponding to the first modulation order and the first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to the second modulation order and the second data rate (S148). The method also includes receiving a control message, the control message indicating one of the first and second modulation orders and a corresponding one of the first and second data rates (step S150). The method also includes demodulating the physical downlink shared channel using the indicated one of the first and second modulation orders (step S152).

[0082] In some embodiments, the control message is received by radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the signaling configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating an ability of the WD 22 to perform 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order. In some embodiments, the method includes determining a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor. In some embodiments, the method also includes transmitting to the network node 16 one of a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation, the first PTRS density recommendation associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation associated with the second modulation order. In some embodiments, the method also includes receiving, from the network node 16, a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCS) for determining a PTRS density for the physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first and second modulation orders.

[0083] Having described the general process flow of the configuration of the present disclosure and provided examples of hardware and software configurations for implementing the processes and functions of the present disclosure, the following sections provide configuration details and examples of wireless device (WD) functionality for New Radio (NR) 1024-value-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).

[0084] Some embodiments disclosed herein may be applied in the case of options that require disambiguation of what WD22 supports for 1024-QAM and 256-QAM.

[0085] In some embodiments, WD22 reports a first capability related to a first maximum modulation order in a first band. WD22 may also report a second capability related to a second maximum modulation order for the first band. The first capability is a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) density recommendation based on an MCS table corresponding to a first modulation order, which is one of 64-QAM and 256-QAM. The second capability is a PTRS density recommendation based on an MCS table corresponding to a second maximum modulation order, which may be 1024-QAM. WD22 may be configured with 1024-QAM (e.g., a 1024-QAM-based MCS table) for downlink data transmission, and WD22 may be configured with an information element (IE) called phaseTrackingRS in DMRS-DownlinkConfig, which configures higher layer parameters timeDensity and frequencyDensity in PTRS-DownlinkConfig that indicate thresholds used to detect PTRS. The indicated thresholds are based on the second capability. When the WD22 receives a control message scheduling downlink data, the WD22 decodes the downlink data according to the control message and based on the indicated threshold for the PTRS.

[0086] In some embodiments, WD22 may report a first capability related to a first maximum modulation order in a first band. The first capability is a PTRS density recommendation based on an MCS table that corresponds to the first maximum modulation order, which may be 1024-QAM. WD22 may be configured to use 1024-QAM to transmit downlink data on at least one carrier in the band, and WD22 is configured with an IE phaseTrackingRS in DMRS-DownlinkConfig that configures higher layer parameters timeDensity and frequencyDensity in PTRS-DownlinkConfig that indicate thresholds, where the indicated thresholds are based on the first capability. When WD22 receives a control message scheduling downlink data, WD22 decodes the downlink data based on the indicated thresholds for the PTRS according to the control message.

[0087] The PTRS density recommendation capability for 1024-QAM may be as follows: Three values ​​are selected from 0 to 26 of the MCS index from the 1024-QAM table with explicit modulation and coding scheme indication. ●Downlink PTRS density recommendation for 1024-QAM: The preferred threshold set (TSi) for determining the PTRS density for PDSCH with a maximum modulation order of 1024-QAM, the candidate value range is the same as that of the downlink PTRS RRC configuration: ■ i is the index of the SCS, where i = 1, 2, 3 correspond to the SCSs of 15, 30, and 60 kHz; ○ Per-band signalling; ○ For each TSi, it consists of two values ​​each chosen from {1..276} for the frequency density and three values ​​each chosen from {0..26} for the time density; ptrs-DensityRecommendationSetDL{frequencyDensity1frequencyDensity2timeDensity1timeDensity2timeDensity3}

[0088] In some embodiments, the WD22 may report a first capability indicating a scaling factor value associated with a first data rate calculation associated with a first maximum modulation order for a band in the band combination. The WD22 may report a second capability indicating a second scaling factor value associated with a second data rate calculation associated with a second maximum modulation order for a band in the band combination. The first capability is a scaling factor value corresponding to a first modulation order that is one of {π / 2-BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM}. The second capability is a scaling factor value corresponding to a second maximum modulation order that may be 1024-QAM. The WD22 may be configured to use 1024-QAM (e.g., a 1024-QAM-based MCS table) to transmit downlink data on at least one carrier in the band. When the WD22 receives the control message scheduling the downlink data, the WD22 decodes the downlink data according to the control message, where the control message complies with the calculated second data rate.

[0089] The scaling factor capability for 1024-QAM can be written as follows: ○ Scaling factor for 1024-QAM: o Indicates the scaling factor to be applied to the band in the maximum data rate calculation defined in 4.1.2 if [pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] is signaled for that band; o A value of f0p4 indicates a scaling factor of 0.4, f0p75 indicates 0.75, etc. If not present, a scaling factor of 1 is applied to the band in the maximum data rate calculation, and / or ○ Signaling is possible for each band and band combination.

[0090] In some embodiments, the WD22 may report a first capability indicating a first maximum modulation order for the bands in the band combination. The first capability indicates support for the first maximum modulation order, which may be 1024-QAM. The WD22 may also support a first data rate based on a second parameter supportedModulationDL, where if the WD22 indicates that it supports 1024-QAM for the band, the second parameter supportedModulationDL takes a value equal to 1024-QAM. The WD22 is configured with 1024-QAM (e.g., a 1024-QAM-based MCS table) for downlink data transmission on at least one carrier in the band. When the WD22 receives a control message scheduling downlink data, the WD22 decodes the downlink data according to the control message at the second calculated data rate.

[0091] Corresponding textual suggestions for updating the maximum supported data rate calculation are shown below, with the suggested changes shown in bold underline, however, it is understood that each of the following changes may be applied separately. ● Q (j) m is the maximum supported modulation order given by the higher layer parameters supportedModulationOrderDL for the downlink and supportedModulationOrderUL for the uplink, Here, supportedModulationDL = 1024-QAM, indicating that the WD22 supports 1024-QAM in the band. ; ● f (j) teeth,[ pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] is signaled. Upper layer parameter scalingFactor 1024-r17 is given by If [pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] is not signaled, it is given by the higher layer parameter scalingFactor. , is a scaling factor.

[0092] For NR, the approximate data rate for a given number of aggregated carriers in a band or band combination is calculated as follows:

[0093]

number

[0094] Where: J is the number of aggregated component carriers in a band or combination of bands: Rmax = 948 / 1024 For the j-th CC, ● v (j) Layers is the maximum number of layers supported, which is given by the maximum of the upper layer parameters maxNumberMIMO-LayersPDSCH for the downlink and maxNumberMIMO-LayersCB-PUSCH and maxNumberMIMO-LayersNonCB-PUSCH for the uplink; ● Q (j) m is the maximum supported modulation order, which is given by the higher layer parameters supportedModulationOrderDL for the downlink and supportedModulationOrderUL for the uplink, where supportedModulationDL = 1024-QAM, indicating that the WD22 supports 1024-QAM in that band. ; ● f (j) is the scaling factor, which is If [pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] is signaled, Upper layer parameter scalingFactor 1024-r17 is given by If it is not signaled It is given by the upper layer parameter scalingFactor, which can take the values ​​1, 0.8, 0.75, and 0.4: μ is the numerology (defined in 3GPP TS 38.211); ● T μ s is the average OFDM symbol duration in a subframe for numerology μ, i.e., T μ s =(10 -3 ) / (14*2 μ ), where the usual cyclic prefix is ​​assumed; ● N BW(j),μ PRB is the bandwidth BW using numerology μ as defined in 5.3, TS 38.101-1 and 5.3, TS 38.101-2. (j) where BW (j) is the maximum bandwidth supported by the WD22 in a given band or band combination; ● OH (j) is the overhead, which takes the following values: 0.14, for DL ​​frequency range FR1 0.18, for DL ​​frequency range FR2 0.08, for UL frequency range FR1 0.10, for UL frequency range FR2

[0095] NOTE 1: Only either the UL or SUL carrier (the one with the higher data rate) is considered for a cell operating SUL.

[0096] NOTE 2: For UL Tx switching between carriers, only the combination of MIMO layers supported on the combination of carriers that results in the highest combined data rate for the carrier with the highest supported UL data rate is considered.

[0097] The corresponding text suggestions for updating the maximum supported data rate calculation are shown below, with the suggested changes shown in bold underline, however, it is understood that each of the following changes may be applied separately. ● For the downlink, Q(j) m teeth, The modulation order signaled per band, i.e., [pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] if [pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] is signaled. , if not signaled, it is the maximum supported modulation order given by the higher layer parameter supportedModulationOrderDL. (j) m is given by the upper layer parameter supportedModulationOrderUL Maximum supported modulation order Is: ● f (j) teeth, If [pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] is signaled, Upper layer parameter scalingFactor 1024-r17 is a scaling factor given by If not signaled, It is given by the upper layer parameter scalingFactor and can take the values ​​1, 0.8, 0.75, and 0.4.

[0098] For NR, the approximate data rate for a given number of aggregated carriers in a band or band combination is calculated as follows:

[0099]

number

[0100] Where: J is the number of aggregated component carriers in a band or combination of bands. Rmax = 948 / 1024;

[0101] For the jth CC: v (j) Layers is the maximum number of supported layers, which is given by the maximum of the upper layer parameters maxNumberMIMO-LayersPDSCH for the downlink and maxNumberMIMO-LayersCB-PUSCH and maxNumberMIMO-LayersNonCB-PUSCH for the uplink; For the downlink, Q (j) m teeth, The modulation order signaled per band, i.e. [pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] if [pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] is signaled, otherwise is the maximum supported modulation order given by the higher layer parameter supportedModulationOrderDL; For the uplink, Q (j) m is given by the higher layer parameter supportedModulationOrderUL for the uplink The maximum supported modulation order is ; f (j) teeth, If [pdsch-1024-QAM-FR1] is signaled, it is the scaling factor given by the higher layer parameter scalingFactor1024QAM-r17, otherwise An upper layer parameter,scalingFactor,whose possible values ​​are 1, 0.8, 0.75, and 0.4; μ is the numerology (defined in 3GPP TS 38.211); T μ s is the average OFDM symbol duration in a subframe for numerology μ, i.e., T μ s =(10 -3 ) / (14*2 μ ), where the usual cyclic prefix is ​​assumed; N BW(j),μ PRB is the bandwidth BW using numerology μ as defined in 5.3, 3GPP TS 38.101-1 and 5.3, 3GPP TS 38.101-2. (j) where BW (j) is the maximum bandwidth supported by the WD22 in a given band or band combination; OH (j) is the overhead, which takes the following values: 0.14, for DL ​​frequency range FR1 0.18, for DL ​​frequency range FR2 0.08, for UL frequency range FR1 0.10, for UL frequency range FR2

[0102] NOTE 1: Only either the UL or SUL carrier (the one with the higher data rate) counts for a cell operating SUL.

[0103] NOTE 2: For UL Tx switching between carriers, only the combination of MIMO layers supported on the combination of carriers that results in the highest combined data rate for the carrier with the highest supported UL data rate is considered.

[0104] Some embodiments provide a new capability to disambiguate PT-RS density recommendations when a WD22 reports that it supports both 1024-QAM and 256-QAM, or a new capability applicable in the 1024-QAM case.

[0105] Some embodiments provide a new capability to clarify the data rate scaling factors and / or values ​​of supportedModulationOrderDL to apply when a WD22 reports the ability to support both 1024-QAM and 256-QAM.

[0106] According to one aspect, a network node is configured to communicate with a wireless device (WD) 22. The network node has a wireless interface 62 and / or a processing circuit 68 and is configured to receive a first indication indicative of a first maximum order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capability of the WD 22 in a first band and a second indication indicative of a second maximum order of QAM capability of the WD 22 in a second band, and to define a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first indication and the second indication.

[0107] According to this aspect, in some embodiments, processing circuitry 68 is further configured to set (configure) a scaling factor to be applied when performing QAM for WD 22. In some embodiments, the scaling factor indicates the order of QAM to be applied by WD 22.

[0108] According to another aspect, a method implemented in a network node 16 includes receiving a first indication indicating a first maximum order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) that the WD 22 is capable of for a first band and a second indication indicating a second maximum order of QAM that the WD 22 is capable of in a second band, and defining a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first indication and the second indication.

[0109] According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the method further comprises receiving and applying a scaling factor for performing QAM, hi some embodiments, the scaling factor indicates an order of QAM to be applied by the WD 22.

[0110] According to yet another aspect, a wireless device (WD) 22 is configured to communicate with a network node. The WD 22 has a wireless interface 82 and / or a processing circuit 84, and is configured to transmit a first indication of a first maximum order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capability of the WD 22 in a first band and a second indication of a second maximum order of QAM capability of the WD 22 in a second band, and to receive and apply a scaling factor for performing QAM.

[0111] According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the scaling factor is based on disambiguating a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first indication and the second indication. In some embodiments, the scaling factor indicates an order of QAM applied by the WD 22.

[0112] According to another aspect, a method implemented in a wireless device (WD) 22 includes transmitting a first indication indicating a first maximum order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capability of the WD 22 in a first band and a second indication indicating a second maximum order of QAM capability of the WD 22 in a second band, and receiving and applying a scaling factor for performing QAM.

[0113] According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the scaling factor is based on disambiguating a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first indication and the second indication. In some embodiments, the scaling factor indicates an order of QAM applied by the WD 22.

[0114] Some embodiments may include one or more of the following: Embodiment A1 A network node configured to communicate with a wireless device (WD), the network node being configured to: receive a first indication indicating a first maximum order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in a first band that the WD is capable of and a second indication indicating a second maximum order of QAM in a second band that the WD is capable of; and define a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first indication and the second indication.

[0115] Embodiment A2 The network node of embodiment A1, further comprising configuring the WD with a scaling factor to be applied when performing QAM.

[0116] Embodiment A3 The network node according to embodiment A2, wherein the scaling factor indicates an order of QAM applied by the WD.

[0117] Embodiment B1 A method implemented in a network node, the method comprising receiving a first indication indicating a first maximum order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capabilities of the WD in a first band and a second indication indicating a second maximum order of QAM capabilities of the WD in a second band, and defining a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first indication and the second indication.

[0118] Embodiment B2 The method of embodiment B1, further comprising receiving and applying a scaling factor to perform QAM.

[0119] Embodiment B3 The method of embodiment B2, wherein the scaling factor indicates an order of QAM applied by the WD.

[0120] Embodiment C1 A wireless device (WD) configured to communicate with a network node, the WD configured to: and / or having a wireless interface and / or processing circuitry configured to: transmit a first indication indicating a first maximum order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in a first band that the WD is capable of, and a second indication indicating a second maximum order of QAM in a second band that the WD is capable of, and receive and apply a scaling factor for performing QAM.

[0121] Embodiment C2 The WD of embodiment C1, wherein the scaling factor is based on defining a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first indication and the second indication.

[0122] Embodiment C3 The WD of embodiment C1, wherein the scaling factor indicates an order of QAM applied by the WD.

[0123] Embodiment D1 A method implemented in a wireless device (WD), the method comprising: transmitting a first indication indicating a first maximum order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capabilities of the WD in a first band; transmitting a second indication indicating a second maximum order of QAM capabilities of the WD in a second band; and receiving and applying a scaling factor for performing QAM.

[0124] Embodiment D2 The method of embodiment D1, wherein the scaling factor is based on defining a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) based on the first indication and the second indication.

[0125] Embodiment D3 The method of embodiment D1, wherein the scaling factor indicates an order of QAM applied by the WD.

[0126] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the concepts described herein may be embodied as a system, data processing system, computer program product and / or computer storage medium storing an executable computer program. Thus, the concepts described herein may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects, all generally referred to herein as "circuits" or "modules," and the optional processes, steps, actions, and / or functions described herein may be performed by and / or associated with corresponding modules that may be implemented in software and / or firmware and / or hardware. Furthermore, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on a tangible computer usable storage medium having computer program code embodied in the medium that can be executed by a computer. Optional suitable tangible computer readable media may be utilized, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, electronic storage devices, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.

[0127] Some embodiments are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, systems and computer program products. It will be understood that each block of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer (to create a special purpose computer), a special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to create a machine such that the instructions, executed via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the function / act specified in the block or blocks of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams.

[0128] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory or storage medium that can instruct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implements the function / act specified in the block or blocks of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams.

[0129] The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus and cause the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to perform a series of operational steps to generate a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions / operations specified in the blocks or blocks of the flowcharts and / or block diagrams.

[0130] It should be understood that the functions / acts noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the operational diagrams. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions / acts involved. Further, while some of the figures include arrows on communication paths to indicate communication, it should be understood that communication may occur in the opposite direction to that of the depicted arrow.

[0131] Computer program code for carrying out the operations of the concepts described herein may be written in an object-oriented programming language such as Python, Java, or C++. However, computer program code for carrying out the operations of the present disclosure may also be written in a conventional procedural programming language such as the "C" programming language. The program code may run entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer, partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).

[0132] Many different embodiments have been disclosed herein in connection with the above description and drawings. It will be understood that literally describing and illustrating every combination and subcombination of these embodiments would be unduly repetitive and obfuscating. Thus, all embodiments can be combined in optional ways and / or combinations, and this specification, including the drawings, shall be construed as constituting a complete written description of every combination and subcombination of the embodiments described herein, and the methods and processes of making and using them, and shall support claims to such combinations or subcombinations of the options.

[0133] Abbreviations that may be used in the preceding description: BWP: Bandwidth Part CC: Component Carrier DSS: Dynamic Spectrum Sharing DL: Downlink eMBB: Enhanced Mobile Broadband FDD: Frequency Division Duplex LTE: Long Term Evolution NR: New Radio PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel PTRS: Phase Tracking Reference Signal PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel SCS: Subcarrier spacing SRS: Sound Reference Signal TBS: Transport Block Size TDD: Time Division Duplex UE: User Equipment UL: Uplink

[0134] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein are not limited to those particularly shown and described hereinabove. In addition, it should be noted that, unless otherwise noted above, all of the accompanying drawings are not to scale. Various modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A method in a network node (16) configured to communicate with a wireless device (WD) (22), the method comprising: receiving an indication of one of a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor from the WD (22) (S142); the first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate; receiving one of a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation from the WD (22); the first PTRS density recommendation being associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation being associated with the second modulation order; selecting one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order based at least in part on the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor (S144); and transmitting (S146) a control message to the WD (22), wherein the control message indicates the selected one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order and a corresponding one of the first data rate and the second data rate, and the second modulation order is 1024-QAM.

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the control message is transmitted by radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the signaling being configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating a 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capability of the WD (22), and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order.

3. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor.

4. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCSs) to the WD (22) for determining a PTRS density for a physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order.

5. A network node (16) configured to communicate with a wireless device (WD) (22), said network node (16) comprising: A wireless interface (62), receiving an indication from the WD (22) of one of a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor, the first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate; a radio interface (62) configured to receive one of a first phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation from the WD (22), the first PTRS density recommendation being associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation being associated with the second modulation order; a processing circuit in communication with the wireless interface configured to select one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order based at least in part on the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor; The wireless interface (62) is further configured to transmit a control message to the WD (22), the control message including the selected one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order and a corresponding one of the first data rate and the second data rate, the second modulation order being 1024-QAM.

6. 6. The network node (16) of claim 5, wherein the control message is transmitted by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, the signaling being configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating a 1024-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) capability of the WD (22), and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order.

7. 7. The network node (16) of claim 5 or 6, wherein the processing circuitry (68) is further configured to determine a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor.

8. 6. The network node (16) of claim 5, wherein the radio interface (62) is further configured to transmit to the WD (22) a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCS) for determining a PTRS density for a physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order.

9. A method in a wireless device (WD) (22) configured to communicate with a network node (16), the method comprising: transmitting (S148) to said network node (16) an indication of one of a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor, said first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate and said second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate; transmitting one of a first Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation to the network node (16), the first PTRS density recommendation being associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation being associated with the second modulation order; receiving a control message (S150), the control message indicating one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order and a corresponding one of the first data rate and the second data rate; and demodulating a physical downlink shared channel using the indicated one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order (S152), wherein the second modulation order is 1024-QAM.

10. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the control message is received by radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the signaling being configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating a 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capability of the WD (22), and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order.

11. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising determining a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor.

12. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising receiving from the network node (16) a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCS) for determining a PTRS density for a physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order.

13. A wireless device (WD) (22) configured to communicate with a network node (16), the WD (22) comprising: A wireless interface (82), transmitting to the network node (16) an indication of one of a first scaling factor and a second scaling factor, the first scaling factor corresponding to a first modulation order and a first data rate, and the second scaling factor corresponding to a second modulation order and a second data rate; transmitting one of a first Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS) density recommendation and a second PTRS density recommendation to the network node (16), the first PTRS density recommendation being associated with the first modulation order and the second PTRS density recommendation being associated with the second modulation order; a radio interface (82) configured to receive a control message, the control message indicating one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order and a corresponding one of the first data rate and the second data rate; a processing circuit (84) in communication with the air interface (82) and configured to demodulate a physical downlink shared channel using the indicated one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order at the corresponding one of the first data rate and the second data rate, wherein the second modulation order is 1024-QAM.

14. 14. The WD (22) of claim 13, wherein the control message is received by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, the signaling being configured to include one of a first parameter and a second parameter, the first parameter indicating a 1024-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) capability of the WD (22), and the second parameter indicating a different modulation order.

15. 15. The WD (22) of claim 13 or 14, wherein the processing circuit (84) is further configured to determine a data rate corresponding to the indicated one of the first scaling factor and the second scaling factor.

16. 14. The WD (22) of claim 13, wherein the radio interface (82) is further configured to receive from the network node (16) a set of thresholds corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCS) for determining a PTRS density for a physical downlink shared channel, the set of thresholds being associated with one of the first modulation order and the second modulation order.

Images