Biomass propagation method and system and treatment plant

Abstract

It provides a means to reduce carbon dioxide and other gases produced by thermal power plants by growing biomass, specifically by using these harmful emissions to produce biofuels and other useful products. The present invention provides a system comprising a Biomass Growth Module (BGM), and optionally including: a. A thermal plant module that optionally produces exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide that can be used as fuel for BGM; b. wherein the thermal plant module can optionally be replenished with BGM outflow fluid from the BGM; c. wherein the BGM effluent fluid can optionally be partially or wholly purified by heat from the thermal plant module; and / or d. Exhaust gases can optionally contribute significantly to the carbon content of BGM effluent fluids.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to private, public sector or municipal infrastructure and utility services, as well as the fields of renewable energy, biofuels, water treatment, and environmental conservation and restoration. [Background technology]

[0002] There may be a wide variety of heat-based power generation and industrial systems in use around the world. These systems may use a wide variety of fuels to produce electricity after various processes. Combustion-based thermal power plants may also release carbon dioxide and other gases into the environment. Carbon dioxide is commonly known as a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, and its excessive production has harmful effects on the global climate. Power plants may also release waste heat in a way that leads to environmental damage. Other industrial systems release pollution in a way that damages the environment.

[0003] This will require providing thermal energy production methods and other industrial processes that minimize production, excess emissions, and emissions of waste, carbon dioxide, heat, and other by-products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] overview This disclosure provides a means to reduce carbon dioxide and other gases produced by thermal power plants by growing biomass, specifically by utilizing these harmful emissions to produce biofuels and other useful products. The biofuels and / or biomass produced can also be used to fuel thermal power plants where appropriate. Water treatment methods, heat, water and other by-product reduction and resource conservation technologies may also be incorporated in the manner described herein.

[0005] In a particular embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a refuelable biomass growth module that can (optionally) utilize as fuel exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide from a thermal power plant, where said thermal power plant is a biomass and / or biomass growth source. A refuelable power plant that can utilize biofuel effluent from the module as fuel (optional), and the biomass and / or biofuel effluent as described above. can be optionally refined at the thermal plant, and said exhaust gases can contribute significantly to the carbon content in the biomass and / or biofuel effluent.

[0006] Certain embodiments (e.g., those shown in Figures 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures), as well as In embodiments relating to heat capture and / or heat transfer, the present disclosure provides a thermal power plant comprising: The present invention relates to a method for providing cooling fluid (e.g., necessary cooling water) to said thermal power plant while productively utilizing the waste heat generated, which is normally discharged non-productively, possibly resulting in environmental damage. The waste heat can be productively utilized, for example, to regulate the bioreactor temperature and / or to purify and convert water, fuel, and / or biomass produced in the biomass growth module into useful products. In certain embodiments (e.g., those shown in Figs. 3, 4, and / or the present plant), In the embodiment relating to the use of water and / or carbon dioxide in the CO 2 Minimizing emissions, generating electricity, producing biofuels, using heat and water efficiently, and In embodiments, the production of non-fuel products from biomass and the treatment of wastewater and waste It relates to an integrated approach to power generation. In various embodiments, it produces biomass and / or biofuels while conserving water and thermal energy, and CO 2 Various other sources and combinations have been proposed to reduce

[0007] In certain embodiments, one or more water sources may be proposed for biomass growth, where water may be wastewater, salt water, brackish water, purified water, potable water, non-potable water, and / or the like. Alternatively, brine can be used. The carbon content in the water is less than 0.1% to 15% by weight, or The amount may be about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15%, or from a particular integer to another integer in the foregoing sequence, for example, about 3% to 8%. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a design based on the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the heat flow in this plan according to the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the fluid / water flow in this plan in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide in this plan according to the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a design of a biomass growth unit according to the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a second schematic diagram of a biomass growth design in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 7A] FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of a thermal plant flue gas recovery design in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 7B] FIG. 7B is a circuit diagram of a second thermal plant flue gas recovery design in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a light wavelength selection design in a biomass growth unit according to the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a hydrothermal liquefaction system in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the flow of biofuel, biomass, or other fuels in the plant according to the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the inflow and outflow of a thermal power plant according to the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG 12A is a circuit diagram of a heated or cooled fluid flow according to the present disclosure. FIG 12B is a second circuit diagram of a heated or cooled fluid flow according to the present disclosure. FIG 12C is a third circuit diagram of a heated or cooled fluid flow according to the present disclosure. FIG 12D is a fourth circuit diagram of a heated or cooled fluid flow according to the present disclosure. FIG 12E is a fifth circuit diagram of a heated or cooled fluid flow according to the present disclosure. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an air treatment and odor control system in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a Biomass Processing Plant (BPP) and downstream processing from a thermal plant and biomass growth unit according to the present disclosure. [Figure 15] 15A and 15B are circuit diagrams of a first and second heat transfer module according to the present disclosure; [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of a Rankine cycle incorporated into a design based on the teachings of this invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a simple cycle system incorporated into a design based on the teachings of this invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a combined cycle system incorporated into a design based on the teachings of this invention. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram of an open Rankine cycle incorporated into a design based on the teachings of this invention. [Figure 20] Figure 20A is a perspective view of a boiler according to the present disclosure, Figure 20B is a cross-sectional view of the boiler of Figure 20A according to the present disclosure, Figure 20C is a top view of the boiler of Figure 20A according to the present disclosure, and Figure 20D is a bottom view of the boiler of Figure 20A according to the present disclosure. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 illustrates a vapor compression distillation system that can be used with the present disclosure and the like. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 shows a reciprocating wet scrubber for NOx reduction in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of compression utilization, recovery, and reuse in this plan according to the present disclosure. [Figure 24-1] 24A-M show various examples of best-of-breed infrastructure sharing and other synergies in the plan based on the present disclosure. [Figure 24-2] 24A-M show various examples of best-of-breed infrastructure sharing and other synergies in the plan based on the present disclosure. [Figure 24-3] 24A-M show various examples of best-of-breed infrastructure sharing and other synergies in the plan based on the present disclosure. [Diagram 25] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the oxygen flow in this plan, in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 shows a catalytic hydrothermal gasification system under subcritical conditions that can be used in the present disclosure and the like. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 illustrates a catalytic hydrothermal gasification system that can be used in accordance with the present disclosure and the like. [Figure 28-1] Figure 28 is a circuit diagram of a design based on the invention disclosure, where the lines appear to cross but in fact they do not. [Figure 28-2] Figure 28 is a circuit diagram of a design based on the invention disclosure, where the lines appear to cross but in fact they do not. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] definition Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Carbon dioxide" means molecules of CO2 in the gas, liquid, supercritical liquid, and / or solid (or phases), including mixtures with other gases, liquids, and / or solids. Taste.

[0010] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Ambient carbon dioxide" or "ambient CO2" means carbon dioxide in the air, or carbon dioxide captured from the air. This refers to either carbon dioxide captured by the capture technology or carbon dioxide captured by the capture technology. The following references are incorporated herein by reference and are considered credible sources: AlgaeAirFix (http: / / energyenvironment.pnnl.gov / highlights / highlight.asp?id=1754 ) and Global Thermostat (http: / / globalthermostat.com / what-we-do / about-carbonl-capture-and-use / ).

[0011] "NOx" means oxides of nitrogen.

[0012] "SOx" means sulfur oxides.

[0013] "In a particular embodiment" means "In one or more particular embodiments" There is.

[0014] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Thermal power plant technology" or "thermal power system" may refer to any type of technology that can be implemented in a thermal power plant.

[0015] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "System" can mean "technology."

[0016] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Refuelable" can mean "configured to receive fuel," "configured to receive fuel from," or "configured to receive fuel by."

[0017] Unless otherwise stated or defined in this specification and / or claims, "WTE system" may mean "WTE technology" or "WTE module."

[0018] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Off-site" means a remotely located facility, such as near or adjacent to a particular arrangement of systems, modules, units, and / or subunits. Off-site may mean the distance from or to the system, module, unit, and / or subunit in which it is located. Specifically, the distance may be about 0.1 km to about 20 km, or about 0.1 to about 0.5 km, or about 0.1 to about 1 km, or about 0.1 to about 2 km, or about 0.1 to about 5 km, or about 0.1 to about 10 km, or about 0.1 to about 20 km, or about 0.1 to about 50 km, or about 0.1 to about 100 km, or The distance is about 10 to 1000 km.

[0019] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Off-site carbon dioxide" or "off-site CO2" refers to any material that is outside the scope of this plan or is It may refer to carbon dioxide introduced into the Plan from Fusite.

[0020] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Carbon dioxide storage" or "CO2 storage" means the storage of carbon dioxide and, where appropriate, other gases. and / or a module (one or more) configured for storage in a mixture with other phases of material. Carbon dioxide storage may refer to any carbon dioxide storage technology or configuration known in the art, but options include, for example, CCS, gas storage in vessels at ambient pressure, storage in pressurized tanks, and storage in a storage tank at ambient pressure. Storage of liquids, liquid storage, solid storage, and / or storage of mixtures of different phases can be employed. vinegar.

[0021] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Input" or "inflow" may mean anything provided to a module, unit, or subunit. In some cases, diagrams of the present disclosure may be illustrated with lines and arrows connected to boxes, in which case the lines and arrows represent inputs and the boxes represent modules, units, or subunits. A particular module may then be configured to communicate and / or interface with and / or connect to an associated input. Inputs or outputs (see below) may be implemented by any means described herein and / or any other means known in the art. (For example, for fluid inputs or outputs, this may be induced through pipes using a blower or pump, or for solid inputs or outputs, this may be transported in a container).

[0022] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Injection" may mean to input, to create with input, or to initiate input, or a particular module may be configured to receive or provide such injection or input.

[0023] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Output" or "Flow" or "Emission" or "Discharge" or "Waste" means anything that exists and can be removed, and / or a particular module. The term may refer to a process that is removed from a module, unit, sub-unit, or technology (sometimes shown in the diagrams of this disclosure as lines and arrows connected to boxes representing the module, unit, or technology), and a particular module may be configured to communicate and / or connect to an associated output. The output may be generated by any of the means described herein and / or any other means known in the art. This can be achieved by any means (e.g., for fluid outputs, it can be guided through pipes with a blower or pump, for solid outputs, it can be transported in a container).

[0024] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Source" may mean any module, unit, subunit, technology, component, or feature that produces an emission.

[0025] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Flow" may refer to the input, output, or movement of a fluid (eg, across, along, or between an input or output).

[0026] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Release" may mean release into the environment and / or output from a module. Unless otherwise specified or defined in the specification and / or claims, "Emit", or "Export", or "Emit / Export", or "Export" "Export / release" may mean sending off-site.

[0027] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Vent" may refer to a portion designed to vent gas to the outside environment (eg, a portion of an exhaust gas capture design (eg, FIG. 7A or FIG. 7B)).

[0028] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Flue gas recovery module" may mean a module designed to process flue gas in accordance with multiple steps to convert gas, heat, pollutants, water, and / or other fluids derived from the process into BGM, input for storage, and / or other uses under the Plan (e.g., 707).

[0029] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Motive device" may refer to any technique known to those skilled in the art for moving a substance (optionally including a fluid).

[0030] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Exhaust gas" means the gaseous effluent output from thermal power plants and / or other heat processes. This may mean that:

[0031] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Clarification" or "processing" or "cleaning / processing" or "processing / treatment" means the removal of foreign matter, separation, drying, addition of chemicals, adjustment of pH, temperature change, transfer of heat and / or may be cooled, mixed with other fluids and / or other substances, and / or may be used to The term may refer to any method (disclosed herein and / or otherwise known to those skilled in the art) that can be employed to change the characteristics of other substances.

[0032] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Water Use / Reuse / Treatment / Distribution" refers to the regeneration of water output from a module and utilizing it in a manner disclosed herein and / or by any means known to those skilled in the art. This may mean distributing water to the same module. Distribution may involve directing water through pipes with pumps or the like. These processes may involve one or more separate units and / or separate storage units for water with different characteristics (e.g., salinity, biomass content, heat content, pH, etc.). Can be done in grid and / or mix water output of any kind It is also possible.

[0033] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, water Storage refers to the storage of water by any of the means described herein and / or known to those skilled in the art. For water storage, a method for storing water of different characteristics separately and / or in any mixture of phases is also known as a method for storing water. The system may employ one or more independent modules or units.

[0034] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Freshwater source" may mean any source of fresh water and may optionally include wastewater (optionally incorporating any techniques and / or devices known to those skilled in the art for directing water to the Plan).

[0035] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " Water Intake (Saline) means salt water, brackish water, and / or high salinity water (optionally, deep sea water, and / or coastal saltwater inclusions) are also separated. Any technology and / or equipment or its incorporation into the Plan It can also mean input.

[0036] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Module" may mean a part having one or more functions and optionally removable. A module may be composed of one or more units, subunits, and / or technologies. A module may incorporate any technology, structure, and / or equipment known to those skilled in the art to perform or support its function and / or function as a component part of the plan. A particular module may be a In the case of a module where various technologies are deployed on a common infrastructure, the technologies deployed in that module may operate by sharing the common infrastructure, using independent infrastructure, or by sharing some common infrastructure through integration. Any terms shown in boxes in the figures of this disclosure may refer to modules, units, subunits, and / or may represent technology implemented in a module, unit, or subunit.

[0037] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Unit" may mean one or more functional and optionally removable parts. The term "unit" may be used interchangeably with "module". A module may consist of one or more "units". "Unit" may mean one or more functional and optionally removable parts. A “Unit” may contain one or more “Sub-Units” and / or “Technologies.”

[0038] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Sub-module" may refer to a "unit."

[0039] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Subunit" may mean a part that has one or more functions and is optionally removable. The term "subunit" may be used interchangeably with "module" or "unit." "Module" and / or "unit" are It may be composed of one or more "subunits".

[0040] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "System" may mean a whole consisting of various parts related to each other, and "System" may also mean an integrated (optional) system or configuration with one or more of the following functions: power generation, exhaust gas capture, water treatment, and / or A system is one or more modules, one or more units, and / or may consist of one or more sub-units, one or more technologies, one or more components, and / or means an adjacent (optional) and / or integrated (optional) system or integrated configuration consisting of one or more features with one or more of the following capabilities: The systems may be used for: power generation, emissions capture, water treatment, fuel generation, biomass production, biofuel production, water treatment, water utilization, water treatment, e.g., solid waste treatment, wastewater treatment, gaseous emissions treatment, fresh water production, and / or saline wastewater reduction. A system may include one or more modules, one or more It comprises or consists essentially of the following features: "Basically consists of": electricity generation, emissions capture, water treatment, fuel generation, biomass production, biofuel production, water treatment, water utilization, water treatment, e.g., solid waste treatment, wastewater treatment, gaseous emissions treatment, freshwater production, and / or saline wastewater reduction. The expressions may be used to describe or enumerate one or more modules, one or more units, or one or more subunits that do not have a substantial effect on the characteristics (basic and novel characteristics) of the system being described or enumerated.

[0041] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Fermentation vessel, module, or tank" can refer to a dark container for growing biomass.

[0042] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Design" may refer to a particular system, a particular configuration, an integration of multiple systems, an association of multiple systems, and / or multiple modules, optionally in fluid and / or electronic communication.

[0043] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Plan" or "the Plan" or "Design" or "the Design" may refer to a system based on the present disclosure, the present disclosure as a whole, with or without optional modules, and the flows, synergies, communications and / or connections between modules. "LAN" shall not be liable for any and all systems, techniques, and / or other features attributable to this disclosure. It may contain or consist / consist essentially of these elements. A "Plan" includes or consists essentially of an embodiment based on the present disclosure. A "plan" may contain or consist of a system. A "plan" includes or consists / essentially of a design. A "plan" may include or be a grid based on the present disclosure. or may consist / basically consist of this. Plans may be of adjacent type A plan may include or consist / consist essentially of one or more systems, one or more modules, one or more units, and / or one or more subunits, all of which are characterized by being in operative communication with each other.

[0044] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Plant" or "Plant module" may refer to any module that performs a technological function, not necessarily a separate building or structure, but which may be connected and / or partially integrated with other modules, technologies, or other features of the present disclosure.

[0045] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Thermal power plant" or "thermal power plant module" means any plant or equipment that produces heat and / or other energy during any phase of its operation (e.g., when generating electricity and / or processing power or materials (e.g., in a factory)). and / or plants or other industrial systems where carbon dioxide may be produced Thermal power plant may mean a plant that burns fuels, biomass, and / or waste materials to produce energy, and / or a process characterized by the involvement of heat and / or carbon dioxide in certain steps. Thermal power plants include, for example, any fossil fuel-fired power plant, any nuclear, solar, geothermal or other energy-based power plant, and / or A thermal power plant may also include non-power generating plants, such as, for example, steel plants, cement manufacturing plants, paper mills, textile mills, metal manufacturing plants, and other industrial plants. Thermal power plants may also include one or more modules, technologies, or features for the production of precursor fuels for combustion, such as cellulosic ethanol, pyrolysis, HTP modules, and / or other technologies capable of producing fuels from biomass, waste, and / or other methods. The thermal power plant may also include any additional modules, auxiliary modules, or associated modules and / or thermal power plant technologies that are known to those skilled in the art. technologies known among the public and / or other technologies that support the operation of thermal power plants. It may encompass any system, technology, component, or feature, but specifically refers to any device that processes, purifies, and / or blends fuel for use in thermal power plant technology. for cooling thermal power plant processes, for treating any effluent emissions, for increasing efficiency (e.g., cogeneration modules), for converting waste heat into cooling (e.g., cogeneration), and / or The thermal plant, the different thermal plant modules and / or systems in question or A thermal power plant may refer to any module and / or technology described herein as a thermal power plant module and / or technology, either as an independent system and / or as a system sharing a common infrastructure, and / or as a system that is designed to transport inputs and / or outputs from and / or to other modules within the plant. and / or as resources described herein and / or in other formats known to those of skill in the art.

[0046] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Thermal power plant" or "power plant technology" means a thermal power plant capable of generating electricity and / or any individual technology incorporated wholly or partially into a thermal power plant capable of generating electricity. This may mean that:

[0047] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat and / or pressure intensive processes in thermal power plants" means thermal power plants, Any process in thermal power plant technology and / or related to and / or supporting the operation of a thermal power plant, in which heat and / or pressure can be utilized It may mean that.

[0048] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Combustion process" may mean any process involving combustion. It may mean thermal plant technology involving or utilizing combustion (e.g., the burning of a fuel).

[0049] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Conduit" may mean a pipe, tube, duct, line, channel, trench, or other conveying means. Containing, containing, protecting, and / or connecting one or more pipes, tubes, ducts, line, channel, trench, or other conveying means. It can refer to a structure, system, or feature for

[0050] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Energy" can refer to a force that is driven over a distance. The terms "power" and "energy" are considered interchangeable. For example, if the unit of energy is the joule, it is the energy required to push one meter against a force of one newton.

[0051] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat" is the random kinetic energy of atoms, molecules, and / or ions in a substance. It may mean that.

[0052] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Thermal energy" can mean energy in the form of heat. For example, when one kilojoule (1000 joules) is dissipated into 50 cc of water, the temperature of the water increases by about 5°C.

[0053] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Cooling" may refer to any means of reducing the heat of one or more substances; may refer to a system capable of cooling a particular substance; may refer to a cool or cold substance (optionally including a fluid) that can be used to produce a cooling action. Examples of cooling methods include direct interaction, mixing and / or other contact methods of a cool substance with a warm substance, and / or indirect interaction of a cool substance with a warm substance (e.g., by heat exchange), and / or using condensation / evaporation and / or pressure (e.g., by a pump). and / or by other means known to those skilled in the art. .

[0054] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat and / or cooling" or "Heat / cooling" or "Heating / cooling" or "Heating and "and / or cooling" may mean one or more of the following features (optional): Optionally, the term may include: heat, heat flow, cooling, cooling flow, and / or any of these. combination.

[0055] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat / cold storage" may mean storing heat and / or cooling by any means known to those skilled in the art. The heat and / or cooling may be stored in a specific amount by any means known to those skilled in the art. Based on temperature and / or temperature range, heat may be stored in separate units within the heat / cold storage module.

[0056] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Additional heat" refers to heat that has already been added to a particular substance and / or process by another process. It can also mean additional heat (optionally including a fluid) that can be added in addition to the heat that is released. For example, waste heat can be used to initially heat a material, and then another heat source (e.g. heat exchanger, burner) can be used to further increase the temperature for a desired purpose.

[0057] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Preheat / cool" refers to the heating and cooling applied in preparation for proceeding to a particular process or module. This may mean heating and / or cooling.

[0058] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Pretreatment" refers to any treatment procedure known to those skilled in the art to prepare a particular material for further treatment (optionally with fluids and / or streams belonging to another process). For example, pre-treating water for a particular process may involve purifying it, adding chemicals, adjusting the pH, changing the temperature, mixing it with another water source, and / or removing water by any method known in the art. The term "water preparation" may include any other means known to those skilled in the art for preparing water.

[0059] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Water" may mean one or more of the following features: fresh water, wastewater, treated wastewater, salt water, brackish water, saline water, steam, water output influent, water input, effluent fluid, and / or Any water output containing water of any kind described in the disclosed plan (e.g., FIG. 3), Any combination (optionally biomass, biocrude, fuel and / or (including any biofuels, pollutants, minerals, and / or other materials). Water is in the liquid phase. The water may be in any phase or state, including the supercritical liquid phase, the gas phase, and / or the solid phase. Transfer from one module to another may involve a change of phase, mixing with other water sources, and / or processing by any means known to those skilled in the art.

[0060] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Water permeable" may mean permeable to water molecules or made of a composition and / or structure that allows water to pass through it under osmotic pressure.

[0061] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Fluid" means any liquid, gas, and / or other material that can be used in a particular process. A fluid can refer to any form of matter that flows when subjected to a shear stress.

[0062] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Outlet Fluid" or "Output" means any module and / or its components under this Plan. This may refer to any fluid discharged from other components of the system, and the particular module, unit, and / or subunit communicates with the outflow fluid or output. The device may be configured to trust

[0063] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, "BGM effluent fluid" refers to effluent fluid from the BGM (including fluid discharged directly from the BGM) and / or fluid discharged from the BGM and subjected to any other processing steps (e.g., thickening, thickening, dehydration, dilution, addition of chemicals, change in temperature, and / or processes disclosed herein and / or known to those skilled in the art) and / or other bath fluid. It may refer to fluids mixed with biomass and / or any source of water, or It is characterized by including one or more of the following features: a) a biomass water slurry; b) Water / biomass / extract; c) treated biomass / water slurry; c) treated biomass water slurry; e) TBW slurry; f) Biomass, water, g) Bio-crude oil and / or other biofuels; h) leftovers; i) Biomass culture, water, j) biofuels; k) biomass; l) Biomass / sludge / residues; m) Biomass, biofuel (gaseous), biofuel (liquid), n) refined biofuels; o) the extracted biomass-containing solvent; p) High temperature biomass, bio-crude and / or biofuel, water (liquid or gaseous); q) hot biomass and / or biofuel / water slurries; r) High temperature bio-crude oil and / or biofuels (gaseous or liquid); s) hot water and / or steam separated from biomass and / or biofuel; t) Steam & trace biomass, bio-crude and / or bio-fuel; u) Steam / hot biomass, bio-crude and / or bio-fuel, water; v) Biofuel / Water; w) Water; x) diesel / biomass, and / or y) Heavy oil / biomass.

[0064] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Growth subunit" or "growth unit" or "growth stage subunit" or "growth stage unit" or "biomass growth subunit" may refer to a component within a biomass growth module that utilizes one or more of the following: a photobioreactor, a fermentation tank, a pond, other reactor, and / or Any other system designed for growing biomass (optionally including the systems disclosed herein and / or known to those skilled in the art).

[0065] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Stressing" refers to the process of stressing the biomass by, for example, exposing it to certain substances, light, certain wavelengths of light, certain temperatures, or by isolating it from these elements, as well as nitrogen starvation / depletion, Stimulation with salts and / or other means to produce a specific biological response It may mean:

[0066] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Stressed subunit" may refer to a module that can subject a biomass to stress.

[0067] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Milking" refers to the process of removing the basic biomass structure by solvents and / or other means. In some cases, this may mean the partial removal of biomass without destroying the biomass.

[0068] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Milking subunit" refers to a module that can target biomass for milking. It may mean:

[0069] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " The "stressing-milking subunit" refers to the subunit that stresses and / or milks the biomass. It can refer to a module that can be the target of marking.

[0070] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Electric heat" may mean electricity and / or heat.

[0071] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Hot" or "high temperature" or "heated" can mean heated to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. Hotter than the material it is exchanging heat / cooling with. It can mean a substance that has been heated to a higher temperature by some process.

[0072] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Refining" may refer to one or more of the following features: preparing biomass, biocrude, and / or other biofuels, and possibly preheating the solution which also contains water; separating the biomass and / or biofuel from the water and / or steam and / or other liquids; purifying one or more components of the biomass and / or biofuel; Converting biomass to bio-crude oil, converting biomass to biogas, converting bio-crude oil and / or biofuel into other compounds, including biofuel. Separation of individual compounds or groups of compounds (e.g., carbon regions), biomass and / or subjecting the fuel or biofuel to heat, pressure, hydrothermal treatment, and / or similar processes; Any method for adding substances, blending fuels, and / or refining petroleum products and / or biofuels, including any method disclosed herein and / or known to those skilled in the art, is also contemplated. The above items can be performed with or without water and / or other fluids.

[0073] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Refinery" may refer to a module where refining (e.g., purification of biomass, biocrude, biofuel, biogas, fuel, and / or water) occurs.

[0074] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Separation" may mean any method known to those skilled in the art for separating two or more substances (optionally including fluids), optionally including physical, chemical, thermobiological, and / or other separation means. means that hot water and / or steam is introduced into the water at a high temperature by any means known to those skilled in the art. from warm bio-crude oil and / or biofuel / water slurries and / or from hot bio-crude oil and / or from biofuels, or both (e.g., 1510). , Figure 15).

[0075] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Biogas" means a gaseous fuel derived wholly or partly from biomass, optionally mixed with other gases, water and / or other substances. It may mean:

[0076] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Biomass / natural gas storage" means the storage, heating, and / or storage of biogas, natural gas, and / or other fuels, primarily in gaseous and / or liquid form, separately and / or in mixtures. may refer to a module intended to be stored in other manners known to those skilled in the art.

[0077] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Biocide" can refer to primarily liquid biofuels that can be produced from biomass.

[0078] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Bio-coal" may refer to a primarily solid biofuel that can be produced from biomass, optionally including waste materials.

[0079] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Biomass" refers to any organism, such as algae, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and / or amoeba. It can mean any material derived from any type of organism (living or former). Biomass can include: biofuels produced by living organisms (e.g., ethanol produced by / from plants); Biogas, bio-crude oil produced by biomass processing and / or fermentation in , and / or other biofuels, intact parts of biomass, solvent-extracted biomass Any part of the material and / or any other substance that can arise from and / or be derived from an organism and / or any other material that can be derived from the ... Biomass is a product that can be produced by any means known in the art. Biomass can refer to living and / or dead organisms and / or the biofuels that can be produced therefrom.

[0080] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Biomass products" means products that can be produced and / or derived from biomass This may be the case.

[0081] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Biomass Processing Plant" or "BPP" may mean a module that processes biomass (optionally in admixture with other materials) into products as described herein and / or by any method known to those of skill in the art.

[0082] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Refinery / BPP" or "Refinery and / or BPP" or "BPP and / or Refinery" or "BPP / Refinery" means a Refinery module, a BPP module, or both (individually "Infrastructure" may refer to a set of independent modules, adjacent and / or optionally connected and / or sharing some infrastructure.

[0083] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Water Bottling / Biomass Product Bottling / Packaging Plant" or "BBPP" means a facility that processes water for purposes of water treatment, e.g., purifying, chemically treating, carbonizing, and / or otherwise bottling or packaging. and / or the preparation, storage, bottling, and / or use of the compounds disclosed herein. and / or can be stored in any manner known to those skilled in the art. Additionally (or optionally), biomass products may be prepared for bottling and / or other packaging, bottled, and / or otherwise package, preserve, cool, heat or store and / or for processing and / or packaging any biomass product, Any process or method disclosed herein and / or known to those skilled in the art. Water treatment and bottling can be done using a separate system, which can optionally be used for biomass preparation and bottling and / or other processes that make up the BBPP. The preparation, packaging, and / or storage of the different biomass products may employ one or more different technologies. However, these tasks can optionally be carried out in separate locations within the BBPP (e.g., processing and packaging procedures for liquid biomass can be carried out separately from solid biomass, solid biomass mixed with other materials, and / or gaseous biomass). BBPP may also include any method known in the art for preparing bottles and other packaging or shipping materials from recycled materials. BBPP may include any method known in the art for sterilizing bottles and / or other packaging materials and for applying straps, wraps, or shrink wraps. Any method known in the art for placing products on pallets, and also equipment and materials for bulk packaging such as pallets (e.g., for preparing pallets for produce and / or for bulk packaging). Other means of shipment) may also be included.

[0084] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Fuel" may mean any substance that can be used to generate energy in any form. Unless otherwise specified or defined in the specification and / or claims. Except as otherwise provided in this section, "fuel" may mean any carbon-based substance that can be used to generate energy in any form by combustion. Energy in any form includes electrical energy, heat, and / or any other form of energy. It may be inclusive.

[0085] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Off-site fuel" means fuel imported and / or exported between the Site and an off-site It may mean a fee.

[0086] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Biofuels" refers to fuels that are produced in part by utilizing biological materials and / or biological processes. Biofuel may refer to fuels produced entirely or in whole from biomass and / or fuels produced by biomass (e.g., biomass produced as a by-product in aqueous solution). ethanol produced by biomass), biomass and / or fraction of biomass by any process practicable (optionally including thermal, chemical, biochemical, mechanical, other biological, and / or other methods employed to produce any type of fuel). Biofuels may include fuels derived from the treatment of these fuels in gas, liquid, solid, supercritical fluid, and / or other forms. Or it may be included as a mixed substance.

[0087] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Hydrothermal treatment" or "HTP" means rapid thermal processing, hydrothermal liquefaction, catalytic hydrothermal gasification, hydrothermal carbonization (currently with or without in situ transesterification (IST), and / or with the aid of heat and / or pressure HTP may include other biomass processing and / or refining methods that use heat and / or pressure to treat a material of interest. HTP may involve one or more HTP techniques and / or technologies. (which can optionally be used simultaneously or sequentially) (e.g., HTL followed by CHG).

[0088] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Flash refining" may refer to hydrothermal treatment.

[0089] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Rapid Thermal Treatment" or "RTP" means the treatment of BGM effluent, a mixture of water and biomass, and / or This may mean separating and / or partially purifying the biomass / water slurry. A thermal process is typically used for this purpose at ambient pressure. An example of such a process is Envergent Technologies LLC Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) technology (https: / / www.envergenttech.com).

[0090] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Hydrothermal Liquefaction," or "HTL," refers to the process for the liquefaction of BGM effluents, mixtures of water and biomass, and / or HTL refers to the separation and / or partial purification of a biomass / water slurry. This is typically achieved by using heat and sometimes pressure. Bio-crude oil can be produced.

[0091] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Hydrothermal carbonization," or "HTC," is the process of carbonization using mild heat and pressure (optional) in an aqueous medium. At temperatures of about 180-250 degrees and pressures of about 10-40 bar, the biopolymers hydrolyze, react, and produce solid hydrochar or carbonized solids. This material is then typically processed by "In Situ Transesterification" or "IST". When referenced in this document, HTC may be construed to include IST. A portion of the original biomass may be recycled to BGM or other HTL processes and / or by other methods described herein (such as by adding to a refinery and / or BPP). The nucleic acid may be processed by any method known to those skilled in the art.

[0092] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "In situ transesterification" or "IST" is a process that converts alcohols such as methanol and ethanol into The use of subcritical IST involves converting the lipids in the biochar into biodiesel without extracting them. Subcritical IST can be carried out at subcritical alcohol temperatures. SC-IST generally requires a catalyst and a high molar ratio of alcohol to oil (e.g., 300 to 1), and may be sensitive to water in the feedstock. Supercritical IST (SCIST) can be performed at the supercritical alcohol temperature. SC-IST does not require a catalyst or a high molar ratio of alcohol to oil, and may be less sensitive to water in the feedstock. Source: Robert Levine: THE PRODUCTION OF ALGAL BIODIESEL USING HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION AND IN SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION ), Chemical Engineering PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, 2013. References are incorporated into this book and are considered reliable sources. (http: / / deepblue.lib .umich.edu / bitstream / handle / 2027.42 / 99977 / rblevine_l.pdf?sequence=1)

[0093] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Catalyst" may mean a substance that accelerates one or more chemical reactions.

[0094] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification" or "CHG" refers to the process of catalytically converting organic compounds into a gas (optionally CH4) by using heat and / or pressure while keeping the water in a liquid state. 4 and / or CO 2 For example, the term "purification process" may refer to the conversion of a substance into a The patent application WO 2013 / 184317A1, which is incorporated herein, describes an example of a process for treating the residual cellulose in the aqueous fraction discharged from a particular HTL stage or process by applying a given heat and pressure. It may involve catalytic and / or hydrothermal gasification (CHG) of organic compounds to form a product gas. This product gas may include one or more hydrocarbons or other medium calorific value (BTU) product gases. The hydrocarbon product gas may be combusted to produce biomass. Positive energy release may be possible from the conversion of omas. See http: / / www.genifuel.com for an example of such a process.

[0095] CHG may be run, for example, at about 350 degrees Celsius and 20-22 MPa. In this case, The biomass is treated wet (moisture content is about 80-85%) and the resulting gas stream is mostly steam. Therefore, heat recovery is possible, conversion rates can be high (>99%), the gas output can be clean (low residual tar and <1% ash), and also the The gas stream contains, for example, 62% methane, 35% CO2, hydrogen gas and other fuels (ethane, propane, etc.). For examples, see (http: / / www.genifuel.com / gasification.html ) which are incorporated herein by reference and are considered authoritative sources.

[0096] The Genifuel gasifier instead uses a wet process to catalytically convert biomass quickly and completely, resulting in clean, renewable natural gas as the product. This process is simpler in construction and operation than other gasification methods, thanks to the fact that it can be carried out at low temperatures, such as about 350°C, and under pressure of 21 MPa. The gasifier produces both steam and product gas, including the carbon dioxide produced during gasification. After condensation, the water enriched with dissolved carbon dioxide can be recycled back to the BGM to accelerate the growth of the next generation of biomass and / or for other purposes in the plan (see Figure 4), while reducing emissions to about zero. It is possible to cycle.

[0097] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Gasification Module" means a gasification module that converts biomass (which may be mixed with water and other components such as BGM effluent and / or treated BGM effluent) into gas, in whole or in part, by CRG, anaerobic digestion, and / or any other means suitable for the purpose of producing gas from the biomass. A gasification module may refer to a module that can convert a large amount of natural gas into one or more gases in a partial manner. A gasification module may also refer to a module that processes the resulting gas in preparation for use as fuel and / or storage. These processes may include systems for removing hydrogen sulfide and / or or other contaminant removal, other processing, blending with other fuels, carbon dioxide capture and storage (for carbon dioxide), condensation to a liquid, and / or other methods known in the art. The gasification module may operate as part of a thermal power plant and share the same infrastructure as other thermal plant technologies and / or processes as required. and operate as part of a refinery and / or BPP, and as required or may share the same infrastructure as the BPP technology and / or processes and / or may operate as an independent module.

[0098] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Gasification Equipment" means any equipment used in a Gasification Module or to support the functioning of a Gasification Module (its inputs, and / or outputs or effluents). This may be the case.

[0099] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Supercritical fluid extraction" may refer to an extraction process involving fluids (e.g., CO2, methanol, and / or ethanol) in a supercritical state.

[0100] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Freshwater" may mean water with a low salinity, lower than seawater, typically less than 0.5%. For purposes of this disclosure, freshwater may mean any type of low salinity water and may encompass any type of low salinity wastewater.

[0101] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Wastewater" includes any type of waste and / or associated chemical by-products. Municipal wastewater is a common form of wastewater, but may contain approximately 30-40 mg / L of nitrates, 5-10 mg / L of phosphates, various amounts of organic carbon, suspended and It may contain dissolved and / or present solids and other compounds. Also, farm runoff, industrial wastewater, storm water, leachate, process water from any process, and / or may also include any other water that contains inherent non-potable water constituents. Wastewater may have low or high salinity levels.

[0102] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Greywater" may mean treated or partially treated wastewater (e.g., wastewater that has been treated through primary, secondary, and / or tertiary treatment processes). Grey water may refer to water that has been used for any process and has become non-potable water after the process. Grey water may refer to water after potable water and non-potable water are mixed. Grey water may refer to water that can be used to dilute brine water.

[0103] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Treated wastewater" means wastewater that has been treated or purified by any physical, chemical or biological process and / or means. It can also refer to wastewater that has been treated for this purpose.

[0104] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Salt water" refers to water with a high salinity compared to fresh water and ordinary seawater, especially water with a salinity of 3% to 5% (30 It can also refer to water with a salinity of 1000 to 5000 gIL.

[0105] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Brackish water" may mean fresh water, salt water, brine water, and / or other water that exhibits a higher salinity (approximately 0.5% to 3%) than both fresh water and salt water.

[0106] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "High salinity water", "brine water", or "brine water discharge" may mean water exhibiting a salinity generally higher than that of seawater (generally greater than about 5%, or 50 g / L).

[0107] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Brine water electrolysis" may mean subjecting brine water (e.g., brine water produced as a by-product of desalination) to electrolysis.

[0108] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Desalination" may mean treating saltwater in such a way that its salinity is reduced (optionally including methods that produce saline or brine water).

[0109] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Desalination plant" or "desalination module" may refer to a module in which desalination takes place. A desalination plant may be any plant based on distillation and / or filtration technologies (e.g. As defined and described herein, and / or other desalting methods known to those skilled in the art. It can be summarized as follows.

[0110] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Bioreactor" may mean a closed (total or partial) container in which biomass can be grown.

[0111] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Photobioreactor" means a bioreactor capable of growing biomass and receiving sunlight and / or May refer to a closed (fully or partially) container placed in contact with another light source.

[0112] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Biomass Growth Module" or "BGM" means one or more biomass growth units. It can also refer to a module that can grow biomass in a certain area. Where the flow to and / or from the BGM is explicit or implicit, and / or the processing In the case where the Process can be performed "in", "in" or "by" BGM, BGM refers to one or more specific BGUs constituting the BGM, or subunits thereof and / or Other components may be included in the specification and / or claims. Unless otherwise specified or defined in the applicable law, "biomass propagation unit" or "BGU" means a system for the propagation and preliminary treatment of biomass. For purposes of this disclosure, a BGU also refers to any type of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A BGU supports the growth of one or more growth units or biomass. BGU may also refer to the process by which a bioagent is metabolized, fermented, and / or converted to carbon dioxide in any other manner. Transform carbon and / or other gases (e.g., hydrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, and / or other gases) and biomass, fuels, and / or other chemical structures. It can also refer to a system that can create flows to and / or from a BGU. Explicitly and / or implicitly, and / or in the process of processing, Where "in" and / or "by" the BGU refers to the BGU as a whole, "BGU" may refer to a specific subunit or subunits and / or other components that make up the BGU.

[0113] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Autotrophic" can refer to biomass that grows in light.

[0114] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heterotrophic" can refer to biomass that grows in the absence of light.

[0115] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Mixotrophic" can refer to biomass growing in light or shade.

[0116] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, "BGM Water Supply" may mean any water or mixture flowing to the BGM, the BGUs within the BGM, and / or any other BGU subunits and / or BGU components within the BGM. BGM Water Supply may include salt water, fresh water, saline water, wastewater, other waters, and / or mixtures of any of the above, and may optionally include water from the Plan (Figure 3) in low or high concentrations.

[0117] Unless otherwise specified or defined in this specification and / or claims, "WWTP" or "WWTP module" or "conventional WWTP" or "conventional wastewater treatment plan" shall mean any term that is used in any way without the prior written consent of the competent authority. "bacterially based conventional wastewater treatment plant" or "bacterially based conventional WWTP" or "bacterially based conventional wastewater treatment plant" or "bacterially based conventional wastewater treatment plant" or "bacterially based WWTP" or "WWTP in which a bacterial process is carried out" ", or similar phrases, may mean a wastewater treatment plant that does not utilize a secondary treatment method in the plant. May mean a wastewater treatment plant that utilizes, in whole or in part, bacterial-based technologies (e.g., activated sludge).

[0118] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Pollution capture module" means a module that attracts, captures, reacts (e.g. to reduce NOx emissions), captures, dilutes, aspirates, filters, neutralizes, or otherwise processes exhaust gases. A module that processes contaminants (optionally with background music) using any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as washing or rinsing. The module may also refer to any liquid and / or gas discharged from the module. Treatment of gaseous spills in preparation for introduction into BGM, e.g., chemical treatment, pollution control, etc. The module may utilize one or more of the following techniques / materials in any combination or sequence: mixing with a fluid, adjusting the temperature, and / or any other method known to those skilled in the art to prepare the discharge for application to BGM, to store for future application to BGM, and / or to release the discharge: You may be able to: Activated charcoal b. Hearth oven coke c. Zeolite d. Lime e. Chlorine f. Sprayer g. Adsorbents h. Filtration i. Catalyst j. Photochemical methods k. Selective catalytic reduction l. Dry scrubber m. Wet Scrubbers - Spray towers, tray towers, packed bed towers, reciprocating wet scrubbers, and / or other wet scrubbers. n. Any other contamination control / capture techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0119] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " A "pollution control module" is a system that attracts, captures, reacts (e.g., to reduce NOx emissions), captures, dilutes, aspirates, filters, or neutralizes exhaust gases. "Contamination Control Module" may refer to a module that processes (optionally vents) the contaminants using any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as removing, cleaning, etc. The Contamination Control Module may use any combination or sequence of one or more of the specific techniques / materials described above for the "Contamination Introduction Module" and / or other techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0120] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Pollution control and / or heat recovery" means a pollution control module, a heat recovery module, or It may mean both.

[0121] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Conveying means" may mean a structure or system designed to convey a substance (optionally including a fluid). Conveying means may mean a pipe for conveying a fluid (e.g. exhaust gas, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, other gases, and / or gas / liquid mixtures). Conveying means may mean a device for conveying exhaust gas to or from a thermal plant or a It can also refer to a pipe for transporting waste from the combustion process at a power plant to the outside.

[0122] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Diversion means" means a device designed to divert a portion of a substance and / or fluid from a conveying means. Flow diverter may mean a structure or system designed to completely or partially redirect the movement of a substance.

[0123] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Waste heat" may mean heat generated as a by-product of a process that produces primary process heat.

[0124] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Primary process heat" may mean heat used to generate electricity or to run other industrial processes (e.g., processing iron and steel).

[0125] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat transfer," or the transfer of heat as shown, for example, in FIG. 2 and / or other figures, may mean that heat is transferred from one portion of a substance to another. Such transfer may employ any means known to those skilled in the art for transferring heat from one portion of a substance to another portion of a substance, optionally including direct contact between the heated substance and the substance to be heated, heat exchangers and / or other means for transferring heat without direct contact of the substances. the use of other indirect heat transfer processes for the purpose of Any other known methods may be employed. The "transfer of cooling," "cooling," or "cooling transfer" shown in any of the figures may employ a process similar to that of heat transfer, except that the medium of transfer handles a lower thermal energy than the material being transferred and acts to absorb thermal energy from the material. This is essentially a cooling effect. Cooling or cold transfer may also refer to other cold substances that may be applied to the material and / or materials within the enclosed space for cooling purposes. However, this may also optionally include produced fluids such as air conditioning and / or refrigeration from cogeneration in thermal plants.

[0126] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat exchange process" may refer to the heat transfer that a heat exchanger can use.

[0127] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat exchanger" may mean any device that can be used to transfer heat. Heat exchangers may utilize, for example, parallel flow, counterflow, cross flow, circulating flow, or other configurations. Heat exchangers may be, for example, double tube, shell and tube, plate, or other configurations. fin and shell type, plate fin type, heat-insulating wheel type, pillow plate type, fluid type, scraping type These may be based on a phase change or direct heat exchanger design. These heat exchangers are known as self-cleaning heat exchangers. Heat exchangers may consist of a heat exchanger, a waste heat recovery unit, a Rankine cycle, an organic Rankine cycle, a hydronic heat exchanger, and / or a heat recovery steam generator. They may be designed for mixing different media and / or fluids. The vessel may comprise one or more heat exchangers used simultaneously, in series and / or in parallel. Heat exchangers, for purposes of this disclosure, may include any structure for transferring heat, as well as typical engineering structures known in the art for heat exchange (e.g., a pool of water surrounding the BGM can be used as a heat exchanger (e.g., FIG. 12C)). Any of these types of heat exchangers, and / or other structures suitable for purposes of this disclosure, may be used. Applying any type of heat exchanger to any situation where a heat exchanger is required under this Plan can be done.

[0128] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat / cooling recovery" or "heat and / or cooling recovery" or "heat recovery", "heat recovery and reuse" or "heat recovery + reuse" means the recovery of a substance, fluid, and / or material stream (optionally any of the above) by any means disclosed herein and / or known to those skilled in the art. as an option, to recover heat and / or cooling from the modules, systems, units, sub-units, processes and / or technologies that make up the Plan; and / or may optionally refer to a process of distribution and / or reuse Heat and / or cooling may be recovered in separate units within the heat / cold storage module based on the specific temperatures and / or temperature ranges of the recovered heat and / or cooling (e.g., from various modules, processes, and / or technologies). The heat and / or cooling can be reused in the module where it was recovered and / or in other modules of the plan (e.g., FIG. 2).

[0129] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat / cooling recovery module" or "Heat and / or cooling recovery module" or "Heat recovery module" or "Heat recovery and reuse module" or "Heat recovery + reuse module" "Module" means a module where heat and / or cooling recovery occurs. There is.

[0130] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Pressure recovery" means the recovery of pressure from one or more specific processes, systems, and / or modules. This may refer to recovering the pressure and utilizing it in the same and / or another process, system, and / or module (FIG. 23). Pressure recovery may involve any of the means described in this disclosure and / or known to those skilled in the art. .

[0131] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Pressure recovery module" may refer to a module where pressure recovery takes place.

[0132] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat / pressure recovery module" means a heat recovery module, a pressure recovery module, or It may refer to both.

[0133] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heat and / or Cooling" or "Heat / Cooling" (indicated in the diagrams, e.g., by lines and arrows) may encompass the flow of heat, cooling, and / or both. Such heat and / or cooling may occur in any module, system, and / or technology of the Plan. and may be transferred to other modules, systems and / or technologies of the Plan. The process is shown in Figure 2, and / or involves the generation, capture, and and / or other illustrations and / or descriptions relating to the transmission.

[0134] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Thermal storage" means any process, system, module and / or method for storing heat. Thermal storage may refer to any process or technology that provides a cooling effect. Thermal storage technologies may include, for example, molten salts, heated oil, geothermal storage, water storage and / or other liquid storage, and / or any other process known to those skilled in the art for storing heat. Cold storage is similar to thermal storage, but it only requires the use of a material (e.g., , ice, or sub-freezing fluids, or processes requiring high and / or hot fluids The only difference is that the storage medium is a room temperature fluid (such as a fluid at room temperature for storing liquid).

[0135] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Thermal process" may mean any process that utilizes heat. This may include thermodynamic processes and / or thermodynamic cycles.

[0136] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Thermodynamic process" may refer to the energy-generating cycle (from initial to final state) in a thermodynamic system. It may include open or closed systems, and includes systems that utilize a thermodynamic cycle.

[0137] "Thermodynamic cycle" may refer to the process by which a thermodynamic system passes through various states and eventually returns to an initial state. A thermodynamic cycle may involve internal and / or external combustion modules. Examples include, but are not limited to: Rankine cycle, Ericsson cycle, Brayton cycle / Joule cycle, gas Generator cycle, Staged combustion cycle, Miller cycle, Stirling cycle, Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Kalina cycle, Expander cycle, Homogeneous charge compression ignition, Organic Rankine cycle, Supercritical Rankine cycle, Regenerative Rankine cycle, Bell-Coleman cycle, Hygroscopic cycle, Scuderi cycle, Stoddard cycle, Lenoir cycle, Combined cycle, HEHC, Mixed / Dual cycle, Bar Tonne cycle, Humphrey cycle, combinations of the above, and / or other thermodynamics It may also encompass any or all thermodynamic processes, such as: isobaric, isothermal, isochoric, isentropic, isentropic, adiabatic, and / or other processes.

[0138] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Cogeneration cooling," or "cogeneration," may mean cooling produced from heat or, optionally, waste heat by a thermal power plant. It encompasses any technology known to those skilled in the art for this conversion. Cogeneration cooling encompasses air conditioning and / or refrigeration produced by cogeneration at a thermal power plant. "Cogeneration" may mean the generation of other useful streams from heat (e.g., waste heat) by any method known to those skilled in the art.

[0139] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Oxy-fuel process" means any combustion process or combustion chamber in which oxygen is introduced into the feed, thereby increasing the oxygen content and / or decreasing the nitrogen content of the gas. It can refer to a process in which combustion is carried out in a fuel-fired power plant (for example, the combustion process in a thermal power plant). As a result of the oxyfuel process, the air for combustion has a high oxygen content (from less than 1% to about 78%) compared to ambient air. The resulting combustion effluent gases are generally considered to have low NOx emissions.

[0140] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Biomass / water slurry" may refer to a mixture of water with biomass and / or biofuel.

[0141] In some cases, BGM effluent contains “treated biomass / water slurry” and “TBW slurry”. "Water Release from Biomass Growth Module" or "Water Release from Biomass Growth Module" is a function that releases water from the BGM. Biomass / water slurry and preparation for use in another process (e.g. refining, gasification, Use in processing to produce biomass products, thermal plant cooling and / or heat absorption processes and / or for any other use described herein. This may include biomass / water slurries that have undergone the following additional treatments: Further treatment, biomass concentration, dilution with another source of water, and / or other methods disclosed herein may be used. and / or other processing methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0142] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Synergy" refers to the effect of two or more elements working together (especially when the result exceeds the sum of what each element can produce), and / or when a detrimental effect is reduced or eliminated. Synergy may mean the interaction, connection, infrastructure sharing, and / or communication between modules of the Plan (e.g., In some cases, communication may be required (e.g., communication via heat and / or fluid action).

[0143] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Waste" means trash, discarded materials, dismantled materials, and / or any by-products. "Waste" may mean municipal waste, demolition waste, construction waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, biomass (e.g., wood waste from lumber yards, and / or Waste may include waste materials, such as metal waste, glass, plastic, wood, ceramics, paper, and / or other materials.

[0144] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " Waste Reception" or "Waste Reception Module" or "Waste Reception / Release" Cycle" or "Waste Reception / Recycling Module" or "Recycling" or "Recycling / Waste Receiving", "Recycling / Waste Receiving Module" or "Recycling Module" means a module that transports, stores, sorts, recycles, compresses, processes waste into recycled products, subjects waste to WTE by any WTE technology, landfills, and / or treats waste by any means known to those skilled in the art. It may mean that.

[0145] "Waste to Energy" or "Waste to Energy Module" or "WTE" or "WTE Module" means a facility that produces fuel, fuel precursors, and / or other materials from waste, biomass, and / or other materials. WTE may refer to a module that produces fuel, electricity, and / or other products and / or energy in any form. A WTE module may include one or more WTE systems and may also include a thermal power plant.

[0146] "WTE system" or "waste-to-energy system" or "WTE" or "waste-to-energy (WTE) system" or "waste-to-energy technology" or "WTE technology" may mean specific systems and / or technologies that are characterized by the production of fuels, fuel precursors, and / or other products from waste, biomass, and / or other materials and that are implemented in WTE modules and / or thermal power plants. A waste-to-energy system is Any of the techniques disclosed in the description herein and / or known to those skilled in the art They may also be using any other technology that can reduce CO2 emissions (e.g., incinerators, plasma gasification, cellulosic ethanol, pyrolysis, etc.).

[0147] An open Rankine cycle, for purposes of this disclosure, is a power generation system that is generally the same as a Rankine cycle, except that the water / steam mixture is generally condensed and reacted as the working fluid. The only significant difference is that a new fluid portion may be substituted. An open Rankine cycle may use a treated biomass / water slurry.

[0148] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Primary Treatment Process" or "Primary Treatment" means the application of techniques known to those skilled in the art (which may include removal of solids and / or addition of chemicals) to any type of water in preparation for input to a BGM and / or prior to secondary treatment in a WWTP. In the case of wastewater substrates, primary treatment may include processes typical of primary treatment of wastewater, but may optionally include settling, grit removal, screening (e.g., bar screens), and / or primary clarification.

[0149] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Secondary Treatment Process" or "Secondary Treatment" means a process disclosed herein and / or known to those skilled in the art (optional) for the retreatment of wastewater after primary treatment. As a septic tank, it is used to virtually eliminate dissolved and suspended organic compounds (commonly measured as BOD). Secondary wastewater treatment may mean performing a biological process to remove toxic substances from the BGM and and / or secondary treatment systems within the WWTP, either partially or completely. Secondary treatment with BGM can reduce nutrients in the water.

[0150] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Tertiary process," or "tertiary treatment," means the preparation of BGM effluent for various uses and / or for release from the BGM and / or WWTP (e.g., to the external environment). This may mean applying techniques disclosed herein and / or known to those skilled in the art to provide additional treatment of BGM effluent and / or WWTP after discharge. In the case of wastewater substrates, tertiary treatment may include processes typical of tertiary treatment of wastewater (e.g., municipal wastewater), but may optionally include secondary clarification, disinfection techniques, and / or other suitable methods. It may include other techniques known in the art.

[0151] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Sludge treatment" may mean treating any type of sludge (optionally including sludge produced in a wastewater treatment process) by any method known to those skilled in the art. Sludge treatment may be encompassed by the WWTP and / or BGM and / or may be a separate process.

[0152] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Grid" or "the Grid," for purposes of this disclosure, may refer to optional communications and / or connections between multiple optional components. In this context, this does not necessarily refer to a large-scale interconnected system such as an electrical grid. Rather, the connection and / or communication in a "grid" refers to two or more One or more independent communication and / or connection subsystems between the above modules / units, technologies, and / or any other components depicted in the grid. Any sources, flows, communications and / or The connections may belong to independent subsystems (e.g., modules, units, or subunits) or may be connected to other communication sources and flows from the “Grid”; and / or Any stage of any process shown may be integrated with other sources, for example water flow, electrical current, heat flow, etc. may be integrated within a particular grid or between grids, or may be managed as independent flows.

[0153] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Residues" may mean materials during the performance of any process that are not used in that process, such as biomass, water, sediments, sludge, solvents, chemical residues, and the like.

[0154] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Infrastructure" means any equipment and / or system There are cases.

[0155] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Water Supply" means any equipment used to supply water to any module and / or process of the Plan. "Water supply" may mean the water supplied to the BGM, BGU, growth subunit, and / or any other component of the BGU.

[0156] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Solar thermal" means a technology or module that encompasses one or more technologies for the production, storage, and / or distribution of any form of energy using heat generated by sunlight (e.g. For example, it can refer to a solar tower, solar trough, etc.

[0157] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " A "sunshine container" means a device that stores, distributes, and / or circulates water; and It may mean any structure and / or area that is subject to sunlight, artificial light, and / or ambient heat and / or cooling. A solar enclosure is any tank, pool, spring, lake, river, The canal and / or water receives and absorbs sunlight and / or ambient heat and / or cooling. The term "watershed" may include any other body of water that is shallow or subtropical.

[0158] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Adjacent" can mean located next to or near something. Adjacent means located 0.1 km away, or within 0.5 km, 1 km, 2 km, 5 km, 10 km, 20 km, 30 km, 40 km, 50 km, 60 km, 70 km, 80 km, 90 km, 100 km, 120 km, 140 km, 160 km, 180 km, 190 km, 210 km, 220 km, 230 km, 240 km, 250 km, 260 km, 270 km, 280 km, 290 km, 300 km, 310 km, 320 km, 330 km, 340 km, 350 km, 360 km, 370 km, 380 km, 390 km, 400 km, 410 km, 4 Within 1 km, 20 km or other distance between different modules, systems, technologies and / or other components of the Plan, practical contributions to, benefits from, , sharing of communications, infrastructure and / or other components with and / or other interactions between the two components. Contiguous may mean one or more systems, or one or more modules, one or more units, and / or one or more subunits that are located, constructed, moved, or positioned at a particular site. In some cases, such system(s), or module(s), unit(s), and / or subunit(s) may be located within a distance of about 0.01 to about 20 km, about 0.01 to about 10 km, about 0.01 to about 8 km, about 0.01 to about 5 km, about 0.01 to about 2.5 km, about 0.01 to about 2 km, about 0.01 to about 1 km, about 0.0.01 to about 0.2 km, about 0.01 to 0.1 km, about 0.01 km to about 0.03 km, about 0.02 to about 0.1 km, about 0.03 to about 0.1 km, about 0.04 to about 0.1 km, or other distances (including between different modules, systems, technologies, and / or other components of the Plan) of about 0.01 to about 20 km, about 0.01 to about 10 km, about 0.01 to about 8 km, about 0.01 to about 5 km, about 0.01 to about 2.5 km, about 0.01 to about 2 km, about 0.01 to about 1 km, about 0.0.01 to about 0.2 km, about 0.01 to 0.1 km, about 0.01 km to about 0.03 km, about 0.02 to about 0.1 km, about 0.03 to about 0.1 km, about 0.04 to about 0.1 km, or other distances (including between different modules, systems, technologies, and / or other components of the Plan). practical contribution to, benefit from, communication with, infrastructure and / or (distance that allows for sharing of other components and / or other interactions) It is characterized by being within a radius.

[0159] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, water , biomass products, and / or fuels (e.g., in refineries, BPPs, and / or BBPPs) "Packaging" with respect to (from other modules) may include drying, clarification, bottling, barrelling, preserving, chemically treating, sterilizing, rolling, pressing, cutting, pelleting, boxing, containerizing, compressing, pressurizing / tanking, and / or other means of preparing the product for storage, export, and / or marketing.

[0160] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Technology" or "type of technology" refers to the techniques, skills, methods, or features used to achieve a purpose. The term "technology" may refer to a process, a technology, or a combination of processes and / or equipment. A term used alone and / or as a compound noun to describe and / or illustrate a particular technology used in a plan or a particular module of the plan. For example, phrases such as "desalination technology" or "technology for desalination" may refer to a technology for achieving desalination. In the figures of the present disclosure, the term "technology" may be omitted, but the phrase is still understood to refer to a particular technology. For example, "pyrolysis technology" may be simply referred to as "pyrolysis" in certain figures, but in some embodiments is a technology that is optionally implemented in thermal plants in some embodiments.

[0161] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Component" may mean a part or component of a larger whole. "Component" may mean a module, unit, subunit, or part of a technology. "Component" may also mean a technology.

[0162] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Hot mirror / other selective reflecting means" refers to a device that reflects the desired wavelength of light and is also an optional and / or hot mirrors that allow different wavelengths of light to pass through "Technical terms" may refer to other techniques known in the art.

[0163] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Blue light technology" refers to light with wavelengths that are primarily in the blue range of the visible spectrum (approximately 380-500 nm). It may mean that.

[0164] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Red light technology" refers to the use of light with wavelengths mainly in the red range of the visible spectrum (620-750 nm). This may mean that:

[0165] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Solvent" may mean one or more substances that dissolve a solute.

[0166] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " Ambient air" may mean the air in the local environment. May mean the air from an enclosure (e.g., the air within a module or building).

[0167] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Air Treatment / Odor Control Module" or "Air Plan" means the plan (e.g., FIG. 13 It can also mean a plan for treating, disinfecting, deodorizing, sanitizing, and circulating air in a facility, and for managing its flow and use.

[0168] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Optional odor-controlled air" or "Optional odor-controlled air in" means air from an air treatment / odor control module prior to being introduced into the combustion process 1326 in a thermal power plant. It may refer to a spill.

[0169] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Air Purification" or "Air Purification Module" refers to a module for purifying air and / or the technology incorporated in said module (including any means known to those skilled in the art for purifying, deodorizing, sanitizing, and / or improving air quality). It may mean.

[0170] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Air storage" means any method for storing air as disclosed herein or known to those of skill in the art, including, optionally, a container at ambient pressure and / or a pressurized tank. This may also mean storing air in a tank (including storing air in a tank).

[0171] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Landfill" may mean a place where waste is disposed of by burying. Landfills include municipal sanitary waste landfills, hazardous waste landfills, mixed waste landfills, waste management landfills (e.g., landfills that provide temporary storage, consolidation, sorting, transfer, treatment, and / or recycling). (for example, landfill sites that are not fully reclaimed or that are not reclaimed), and / or other landfill types known to those skilled in the art.

[0172] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Landfill gas" means gases emitted from landfills (such as carbon dioxide and / or methane). "Landfill gas" may also mean landfill gas (including flammable compounds such as flammable gas, condensed gas, and condensed gas) that is collected, concentrated, purified, and / or treated by any method known to those skilled in the art. "Landfill gas" may also mean landfill gas that is collected, concentrated, purified, and / or treated by any method known to those skilled in the art. and provide it for other uses (e.g., combustion and / or carbon dioxide utilization). It may also include equipment.

[0173] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Light oil" can mean oil in a concentration less than that of water. Light oil can also encompass other materials.

[0174] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Heavy oil" may mean oil in a concentration greater than that of water. Heavy oil may also include other materials, optionally including solids and / or any residues.

[0175] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Plasma" can refer to "plasmaization" or "gasification technology."

[0176] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Provided" or "providing" can mean "configured to provide," "configured to provide," "configured to be provided," or "configured to be provided to." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, this can mean that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to provide and / or receive and / or provide something.

[0177] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Moved towards" can mean "configured to be moved towards" or "configured to be moved towards." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, this can mean that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to move something towards somewhere and / or to receive and / or provide a movement object.

[0178] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Supplied" or "supply" can mean "configured to supply" or "configured to supply to" or "configured to be supplied" or "configured to be supplied to". In the case of a module, unit or subunit, this can mean that the module, unit or subunit is configured to supply and / or receive and / or provide something.

[0179] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Store" or "storage" or "storage unit" or "storage module" may mean a point for storing or storing. In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, the term may mean that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to store a storage or storage item.

[0180] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Produced" or "produce" can mean "configured to produce" or "configured to be produced" and, in the case of a module, unit or subunit, means that the module, unit or subunit is configured to produce something and / or to produce an object of production. It may mean configured to receive and / or provide.

[0181] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Processed" or "processing" can mean "configured to process" or "configured to be processed". In the case of a module, unit or subunit, this expression means that the module, unit or subunit is configured to process something and / or receive something for processing. may mean that the information is configured to be provided and / or

[0182] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Induced" or "inducing" may mean "configured to induce" or "configured to be induced." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, such expression means that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to induce and / or be induced. "configured to provide" may mean "configured to provide and / or

[0183] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Stored" or "storing" can mean "configured to store" or "configured to be stored." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, such expression means that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to store something and / or is subject to storage. "configured to provide" may mean "configured to provide and / or

[0184] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Fueled" or "fuel" or "capable of being refueled" may mean "configured to refuel" or "configured to be refueled". Such expressions may mean, in the case of a module, unit, or subunit, that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to receive and / or provide a refueling object. There is a match.

[0185] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Reproduced" or "reproduce" may mean "configured to reproduce" or "configured to be reproduced." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, such expression means that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to reproduce something and / or is subject to reproduction. "configured to provide" may mean "configured to provide and / or

[0186] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Sent" or "send" can mean "configured to send" or "configured to be sent." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, this can mean that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to send something and / or to receive and / or provide something to be sent.

[0187] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Generated" or "generate" may mean "configured to generate" or "configured to be generated." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, such expression refers to the module, unit, or subunit being configured to generate something and / or to be generated. "configured to provide" may mean "configured to provide and / or

[0188] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Emitted" or "emit" may mean "configured to emit" or "configured to be emitted." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, such expression means that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to emit something and / or is subject to emission. "configured to provide" may mean "configured to provide and / or

[0189] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Delivered" or "deliver" may mean "configured to deliver" or "configured to be delivered". Such expressions apply in the case of a module, unit, or subunit to indicate that the module, unit, or subunit is adapted to deliver and / or is subject to delivery. "may" mean "configured to provide and / or

[0190] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Combusted" or "combust" may mean "configured to combust" or "configured to be combusted." Such expressions include, in the case of a module, unit, or subunit, that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to combust a fuel and / or to combust an object. It may mean configured to receive and / or provide.

[0191] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Removed" or "remove" can mean "configured to remove" or "configured to be removed." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, such expression means that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to remove something and / or to remove something. It may mean configured to receive and / or provide.

[0192] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Transmitted" or "transmit" may mean "configured to transmit" or "configured to be transmitted." In the case of a module, unit, or subunit, such an expression means that the module, unit, or subunit is configured to transmit something and / or to transmit something. It may mean configured to receive and / or provide.

[0193] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Used" or "to use" means "configured to be used" or "configured to be used" Such expressions may mean, in the case of a module, unit or subunit, that the module, unit or subunit uses / utilizes something. configured to be used / available and / or to be provided This may mean that

[0194] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Mix" or "mixed" or "mixture" or "mixture" may mean combining in any manner or being in any state of combination.

[0195] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Trench" means a trench (a long, narrow groove or a passageway through which pipes, electrical wires, and / or other infrastructure are "Trench" may mean the excavation and installation of pipes, wires, and / or other infrastructure (including an area that is excavated, constructed, and maintained for the installation of infrastructure). It may refer to an area that has been reclaimed after substructure has been installed.

[0196] Except as otherwise provided or defined in this specification and / or claims, " "Automation" or "Controllable Automation" or "Controllable Automation System" or "Flow-Controllable Automation System" may mean a system (optionally including a computer-operated system) that can sense and / or adjust any condition, process, flow, input, or output of the Plan (e.g., temperature, pH, gas content, flow rate, density, dissolved solids, contaminant concentration, nutrient levels, light intensity, salinity, and / or other measurable characteristics), including, in particular, making one or more physical adjustments to an operating parameter of the Plan (e.g., flow rate of a fluid, release of a material, start-up, rate of increase or decrease of the functionality of a process or technology, designation of material to storage or other modules, and / or the modules, units, sub-units, technologies that comprise the Plan) by receiving and (optionally) processing data by a computer, and optionally utilizing adaptive control such as artificial intelligence to identify the need for adjustment of a particular operating parameter, and transmitting one or more signals to one or more systems. It may refer to a system that makes changes to the underlying technology (technical, technical, and / or communications).

[0197] Abbreviation:

[0198] TBW Slurry - treated biomass / water slurry

[0199] WW - Wastewater

[0200] WWT - Wastewater Treatment

[0201] WWTP - Wastewater Treatment Plant (conventional, e.g., bi- Uses activated sludge for secondary treatment - not based on non-bacterial biomass)

[0202] "WWTP / BGM" or "BGM / WWTP" means a particular BGM and / or WWTP.

[0203] "WWTP / BGU" or "BGU / WWTP" means a particular BGU and / or WWTP.

[0204] TP - thermal plant

[0205] WTE - Waste-to-Energy Technology

[0206] HTP - Hydrothermal Processing

[0207] CHG - Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification

[0208] HTL - Hydrothermal Liquefaction

[0209] HTC - Hydrothermal Carbonization

[0210] IST - In situ Transesterification

[0211] RTP - Rapid Thermal Processing

[0212] CO2 - Carbon Dioxide

[0213] DP - Desalination Plant

[0214] BBPP - Water Bottling / Biomass Product Bottling / Packaging Plant

[0215] BPP - Biomass Processing Plant

[0216] The slash symbol ( / ) may mean "and / or." Modules and / or when feature names are separated, the module and / or feature before and after the slash represents either or both of the modules and / or features as independent modules and / or features and / or as modules and / or features sharing some infrastructure and / or systems.

[0217] BRC - Biofuel Research Center

[0218] BGM - Biomass Growth Module

[0219] BGM / WWTP or BGM and / or WWTP - A specific BGM, a specific WWTP, or both may be interconnected and / or share some infrastructure This sometimes happens.

[0220] BGU - Biomass Growth Unit

[0221] WWTBGU - Wastewater Treatment BGU

[0222] FWBGU - Fresh Water BGU

[0223] MFWBGU - Mixed Fresh Water BGU

[0224] SWBGU - Saltwater BGU

[0225] BWBGU - Brackish Water BGU

[0226] BGU / WWTP or BGU and / or WWTP - Certain BGUs, certain WWTPs, or both may be interconnected and may share some infrastructure.

[0227] Detailed Description Various aspects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will become more readily apparent with reference to the following description and accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein are merely illustrative examples and are not limiting. All features disclosed in this description may be replaced with alternative features serving the same or similar purpose, unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, many of these modified embodiments are deemed to fall within the scope of the present disclosure (as defined herein) or an equivalent scope. Thus, absolute expressions such as "will", "will not", "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not" and the like do not limit the scope of the present disclosure, since the embodiments disclosed herein are exemplary.

[0228] "Exemplary" is used herein to mean "as an example, illustration or illustration." Any item described as "exemplary" in this document is not necessarily to be construed as exclusive, preferred, or advantageous over other items. Exemplary may mean "for example."

[0229] Each of the accompanying drawings or diagrams may represent one or more modules, units, sub-units, technologies, components, processes, inputs, outputs, features, and / or components of the present invention. In the drawings, the diagrams may be intended to illustrate other elements shown. Any lines connected to boxes represent optional connections or communications (e.g., electronic, fluid, gas, heat, energy, etc.). If a line has an arrow, the arrow represents communication or optional communication along the indicated direction on the line. Such directional communication may include communication along the reverse direction. When a line connects to, leads to, or leads out of a particular box, the communication may include communication from any sub-module, sub-unit, technology, component, or other feature that the box represents. When a line connects to, leads to, or leads out of a technology or feature described in a particular box, the communication is with respect to that technology or feature. Any connections shown in the figures may include any means of connection or communication known to those of skill in the art or other means disclosed herein. For example, liquids and gases may be connected to, or connected to, pumps, tubes, blowers, spargers, valves, and / or other means suitable for the purpose and known to those of skill in the art. The various modules and systems may be connected or connected in any manner known to those skilled in the art to the various components of the communication. Such connections and communications may be direct, or may involve the flow control, storage, and / or modification of any of the components constituting such communication in any manner known to those skilled in the art. For example, water communication may involve treatment to remove contaminants, biomass, or other chemicals, storage, dilution, concentration, addition of chemicals, temperature and / or or pH changes, phase changes, and / or other means known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Any changes may be made to the flow and / or sensors, valves, reservoirs, system, and / or any other flow control technology known to those skilled in the art. The plan may be controlled by a computer-based automated flow system that uses sensors to measure multiple parameters in a particular module and trigger specific operations in another module. For example, inputs to and / or outputs from other modules of the plan (e.g., heat, cooling, water) may be controlled based on temperature, pH, nutrients, turbidity, carbon dioxide content, oxygen content, and / or other measurements taken in the BGM. The modules, units, subunits, technology types, and other features shown in boxes in the diagrams may be optional, and the modules and / or technology types shown may not be available in all cases. In some embodiments, the models shown and / or described herein may not appear in other embodiments. The modules and / or techniques may be implemented using one or more specific methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. technology, and / or any modifications or adaptations of these technologies described herein. There are times when this happens. When a box is contained within another box, the inner box optionally represents one or more modules, units, sub-units, techniques, components, processes, inputs, outputs, features, and / or other elements of the present disclosure contained within the outer box. When a particular technology, process, module, or other feature is depicted in a box, this means that this feature is present in only one particular embodiment of the disclosed plans, and may also be depicted in a particular figure to show other relationships, such as communication, between the feature (if present in any embodiment that encompasses the feature). When multiple features are depicted in a box depicting a figure, module, or technology, this generally indicates that any depicted feature is optional (i.e., independent of the others) or that there are more than one of them in the embodiment, except where there are communication and / or connection relationships between each other. (Depending on the embodiment, all such (In some embodiments, features may be required.) A module shown as illustrating one or more features in any drawing or diagram is exemplary only, and any other module of the present disclosure may include any other feature falling within the definition of that module in other embodiments, and is not intended to be limited to the exemplary technology depicted in that module's box in any drawing or diagram. In any diagram, a "grid" may refer to optional communication and / or connectivity between multiple optional components for purposes of this disclosure. It is not necessarily a large-scale interconnected system such as an electrical grid. Rather, the connections and / or communications in a "grid" as used herein refer to the connections and / or communications between two or more modules / units, technologies, and / or any other components depicted in the grid. means one or more independent communication and / or connectivity closed subsystems. Any sources, flows, communications and / or connections depicted in the grid are independent entities. may belong to the network system or other communication sources and / or flows from the “grid” The present invention may be integrated with other sources of information, processes, or any stage of any process shown.

[0230] With reference to FIG. 28, the present disclosure can be used in, for example, thermal power plants, WWTPs, biomass growth modules, sludge treatment plants, refineries, and / or downstream processing plants (BPPs), BBPPs (product packaging facilities), waste treatment / recycling centers, desalination plants, solar thermal technologies, etc. New connections, communications, and / or synergies between facilities that are not typically integrated; and other processes to generate electricity, fuels, products, and regenerate waste heat, water, carbon dioxide, air and other gases, pressure, waste-based biomass, solvents, and / or other materials; Optional technologies and / or modules may be added to the design (master drawing) to increase power, efficiency, or synergy. The drawings illustrate exemplary advanced embodiments of the Plan and encompass various technology options and / or connections, communications, or synergies contained therein, which are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. These are illustrated in detail in Figures 1-25 as subsets or subsystems of this plan. do.

[0231] Figures 1-28 illustrate various non-exclusive designs, some of which are part of the technology of this plan. This may include process flows, communications, connections, synergies, and / or other features. There are cases.

[0232] With reference to FIG. 1, portions of the plan are presented in more detail. For example, the design 100 includes a water supply 160, such as saltwater and / or freshwater, with or without wastewater, which can be optionally treated in a primary treatment module 104. The primary treatment module 104 provides the primary treated water to the BGM 110 and optionally provides sludge 128 to the CHG module 122. sludge 128 and / or After processing in the gasification module 125, the residue 124 can optionally be fed to the BGM 110. The thermal plant 108 can, in certain embodiments, use as fuel a carbon-based fuel (e.g., biofuel 106) provided by the BGM 110 and optionally processed 102, a carbon-based fuel provided by the gasification module 125 and optionally processed 131, and a carbon-based fuel (e.g., biofuel 106) provided by the gasification module 125 and optionally processed 132, as fuel. The biogas 127 that is generated and / or the bio-crude oil and / or other biofuels 106 are burned, but in the case of the bio-crude oil and / or other biofuels, the BGM effluent 117 is For example, tertiary treatment 114, gravity thickeners and / or biomass and water concentration and / or Other methods for separation and / or dilution 118, optional additional processing at a refinery 120 (e.g., to prepare output for thermal planning and / or export)136, and / or or through optional processing steps such as heat recovery (recovered heat can be used, for example, in FIG. 2) 135. Carbon dioxide 119 can then be provided to the BGM 110 by burning one or more of these fuels. The thermal plant 108 may be coupled to the BGM 110, refinery 120, and / or bio-crude 132 options. The BGM 110 may provide energy to a third processing module 136, and / or other elements of the present invention (e.g., FIG. 1 and / or other figures). The tertiary processing module 114 can be optionally provided as a tertiary processing module. The treated effluent may be recirculated 112 to the BGM 110. The biomass and water slurry 116 may be discharged from the tertiary treatment module 114 to a gravity thickener and / or other method 118 module for thickening, component separation and / or dilution of the biomass / water slurry. Module 118, which comprises other units / methods for component separation and / or dilution, has been processed. The biomass / water slurry 130 is fed to the refinery 120 and / or gasification module 125. The refinery 120 may accept and / or process other biomass and / or waste materials from other sources 161 and / or residuals 133 from an optional BPP 146. Any residue 122 produced from processing in the refinery 120 is again fed to the gasification module 125. Any water 150 discharged from the refinery 120 can optionally be fed to a heat / pressure / energy recovery unit 152, in which case the recovered water can be The heat generated can be used, for example, in the plant (e.g., Figs. 2 and 23) and the cooled water 154 can be used, for example, for water reuse in the plant 156 (e.g., Fig. 3). An optional gravity thickener and / or a water separator for thickening, component separation and / or dilution of the biomass / water slurry can be used. Modules comprising other processes 118 optionally feed the water / biomass slurry and / or biomass-containing extract 142 to an optional BPP (downstream processing facility) 146. , and from there biomass that can be packaged in the optional BBPP (Bottling Packaging Plant) 144 Product 147 (see below), and after reprocessing in this plan (e.g., Figures 2, 3, and / or 4) Water 115 is withdrawn from the tertiary treatment module 114 via water stream 115, and the water 148 is returned to the plant (e.g., 2, 3, and / or 4) via a water stream 140 from a gravity thickener and / or other method for concentration / separation and / or dilution of biomass and water 118. Heat and / or cooling 134 may be optionally provided from a thermal power plant 108. , biofuel processing module 102, BGM 110, gasification module 125, refinery 120, optional BPP 146, biomass products 147 (e.g., storage), and / or optional BBPP 144, and / or other uses in the plan (e.g., FIG. 2). Water 143 is also obtained from a desalination unit 145 which releases brine water 141.

[0233] With reference to FIG. 1, certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a biomass growth module (BGM) 110 and, optionally, carbon dioxide 119 for fueling the BGM 110. An embodiment includes a system 100 that includes a thermal plant module 108 that produces exhaust gas, where the thermal plant module 108 is provided with a fuel option of: , that it is possible to replenish the BGM outflow fluid 117 from the BGM 110; Optionally, the exhaust gas 119 may be partially or fully purified 120 by heat 134 from the thermal plant module 108 and / or may be optionally purified by charcoal from the BGM effluent fluid 117. In a particular embodiment, the BGM 110 is configured to receive a BGM water supply 160. In one embodiment, the feed water is optionally pretreated and may be salt water 160, Fresh water 160, saline water 160, wastewater 160, any other water source from the plan 160 (e.g., Figure 3) , other waters 160, and / or mixtures of any of the above items 160. Certain embodiments may optionally include initial treatment of the BGM water supply 160 before providing it to the BGM 110. The aforementioned system is characterized in that it can be processed in a process 104 (also called "primary processing"). In certain embodiments, the primary treatment process 104 includes screening. Some embodiments of the above-mentioned systems include the inclusion of sludge 128 from the primary treatment process 104, optionally providing the sludge 128 to the gasification module 125. Certain embodiments encompass the above-described systems, characterized in that the BGM 110 is configured to produce biofuel 106, which may be fed directly to a thermal plant module 108 as fuel, or may be optionally dried, separated from water by vapor compression distillation, etc. (e.g., FIG. 21), purified, doped with chemicals, and / or mixed with other fuels and / or gases, and / or used as fuel for the thermal plant. and other process steps known to those skilled in the art for preparing biofuel. Indirectly supplied by In certain embodiments, the BGM effluent 117 may be optionally routed to the thermal plant module 108.

[0023] There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned systems, characterized in that the BGM effluent 117 is optionally treated prior to refueling, and characterized in that the BGM effluent 117 is optionally fed to the gasification module 125, the BPP module 146, and / or the BBPP module 144, and characterized in that the BGM effluent is treated by the following components: a tertiary treatment module 144, a gravity thickener 118 or a filtration, screening, coagulation, centrifugation, settling, flocculation, bioflocculation, flotation (including dissolved air and hydrogen), gravity settling, gravity thickener, cell disruption, bacterial extraction (a bacterial process for biomass processing; see, for example, http: / / www.soleybio.com / extractor-bacteria.html), which is incorporated herein by reference and is the subject of credible information. (see reference 1), ultrasound, microwave, solvent, cold press, transesterification, evaporation, electrophoresis, adsorption, ultrafiltration, precipitation, chromatography, crystallization, dehydration, lyophilization, drying, sterilization, hydrothermal treatment, and / or other methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art for the preparation of biomass and / or biofuel. Other suitable processing methods for processing the feedstock (e.g., Pandey, Ashok, Lee, Duu-Jong, and Chisti, Yusuf, Biofuels from Algae, Amsterdam, NLD: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2013. 85-110. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 16 September 2015, incorporated herein by reference and the creditworthy information); and Shelef, G., A. Sukenik, and M. Green, Microalgae harvesting and processing: a literature review. No. SERI / STR-231-2396. Technion Research and Development Foundation Ltd., Haifa (Israel), 1984, incorporated herein by reference and the creditworthy information). and / or incorporated as an appendix to the present disclosure in US Provisional Application No. 62173905, filed June 10, 2015, by Shelef et al. (priority document hereof), which is incorporated herein by reference, and which is relied upon as reference herein); module 120, a heat recovery module 135 (for this plan, e.g., FIG. 2), and / or optional purification, addition of chemicals (e.g., stabilization of bio-crude and / or bio-fuel). 136, which may include blending with other fuels, and / or any other processing steps known to those skilled in the art to produce bio-crude 132 and / or biofuel 132 for use in the thermal plant module 108. The mass / water slurry 116 is concentrated, separated, and / or fed to a gravity thickener or BGM effluent 117. is adapted to provide for dilution according to other methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art (e.g., Shelef, et. al, 1984 and Pandey et. al, 2013, pp. 85-110). There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned system, characterized in that: In certain embodiments, the thermal plant module 108 may provide heat and / or cooling 134 to the following: In certain embodiments, the system may include any of the above-mentioned systems configured to provide the following components to the system: purification module 120, BPP module 146, biomass product 147, BBPP module 144, BGM 110, gasification module 125, biofuel 106 processing 102, and / or desalination module 145. In certain embodiments, water 115 from the tertiary treatment module 114 is provided to the system. There are embodiments encompassing the above-described systems that are characterized by the inclusion of water reuse 149 in the run (e.g., FIG. 3) and / or optional recirculation 112 to the BGM 110. Certain embodiments include a gravity thickener or a BGM effluent 117 thickener for thickening, separating, and / or diluting the BGM effluent 117. Other methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art for the interpretation of chromatin (e.g., Shelef, et. al, 1984 and Pandey et. al, 2013, pp. 85-110)118 consist of the following items: There are embodiments encompassing the aforementioned systems that feature: water, biomass, and / or An extract 142 output, a treated biomass / water slurry 130 output (also referred to as BGM effluent), and / or a water output 140. Certain embodiments include those that include the above-mentioned systems, characterized in that any portion of the treated biomass / water slurry 130 is moved to the next component: the purification module 120, and / or the gasification module 125. Some embodiments encompass the above-described systems, characterized in that the water, biomass, and / or extract 142 is provided to a BPP module 146. Certain embodiments include a gravity thickener or a commonly used device for thickening, separating, and / or diluting the BGM effluent 117. Other methods known to the trade (e.g., Shelef, et. al, 1984 and Pandey et. al, 2013, pp. 85-110)118 is the output of water 140 in this plan (e.g., Fig. 3). In certain embodiments, the system includes the above-mentioned system, characterized in that the BPP module 146 comprises: 2, 3, and / or 4) for reuse 149 in the plant; and / or 148 outputs of heat, water, and / or carbon dioxide, which are optionally directed to the purification module 120. In some embodiments, the purification module 120 selectively accepts the following optional inputs: Some embodiments encompass the aforementioned systems, including: other biomass sources 161, other waste materials 161, and / or pressure 132. In certain embodiments, the purification module 120 includes the following options: Certain embodiments encompass the above-described systems, characterized in that the system can select from the following outputs: bio-crude 132, bio-fuel 132, water 150, and / or residue 122. Certain embodiments include refinery 132, bio-fuel 132, water 150, and / or residue 122. An embodiment encompassing the above-mentioned system, characterized in that the output of bio-crude oil 132 and / or bio-fuel 132 from the manufacturing module 120 serves in part or in whole as the BGM effluent fluid output. 10, in which the output is optionally converted into fuel for a thermal power plant module 108. will be allocated to. Certain embodiments may include bio-crude 132 and / or biofuel from the refining module 120. There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned systems, characterized in that the output of the fuel 132 is optionally subjected to additional processing steps before being utilized as fuel for the thermal plant module 108: a heat recovery module 135 for utilization in the plant (e.g., FIG. 2 ), and / or processing 136 (optionally purification, chemicals (e.g., bio-crude and / or bio-fuel), The biofuel 132 may be mixed with other fuels, and / or may be prepared for use in the thermal plant module 108 by adding other fuels (e.g., stabilizing the biofuel), mixing the biofuel with other fuels, and / or other methods known to those skilled in the art. In certain embodiments, purification module 120 produces a residue 122 (optionally sent to gasification module 125). In certain embodiments, the gasification module 125 may be further configured to produce an output of biogas 127. In certain embodiments, the biogas 127 may be further configured to produce an output of biogas 127. There is an embodiment that includes the aforementioned system, characterized in that the system is subjected to a process 131, This further processing may optionally include drying, separation from water, purification, addition of chemicals, and / or mixing with other fuels and / or gases, and / or use as fuel for thermal power plants. The biogas 127 may include other processing steps known to those skilled in the art for preparing biogas for use in a thermal power plant, optionally in a partially or fully thermal power plant. A comprehensive implementation of the above system, characterized in that it is used as fuel for the module 108. Certain embodiments include those systems described above, in which the gasification module 125 produces an output of residue 124. Certain embodiments include those systems described above, in which the output of residue 124 is fed to the BGM 110. Certain embodiments include those systems described above, in which the output of water 150 of the purification module 120 is fed to the BGM 110. (e.g., FIG. 2) and / or pressure recovery module 152 (e.g., FIG. 23). Certain embodiments encompass the aforementioned systems, characterized in that a heat 152 (e.g., FIG. 2) and / or pressure recovery module (e.g., FIG. 23) 152 produces an output of water 154, which is then reused 156 in the plant (e.g., FIG. 3). In certain embodiments, the thermal plant module 108 may optionally provide power to the plant. In certain embodiments, the desalination module 145 produces an output of water 143 and / or brine water 141. In certain embodiments, the water 143 output is delivered to the BBPP module for packaging. 144. Certain embodiments include those that incorporate the above-described systems, characterized in that the output of brine water 141 is discharged with or without dilution with other water sources on the plan (e.g., FIG. 3). 1, certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a system 100 in which a BBPP module 144 is comprised of an adjacent BPP module 146. In one embodiment, the system includes those described above, characterized in that the BPP module 146 provides an output stream of biomass and / or biomass products 147 to the BBPP module 144. Certain embodiments include the above-described system, wherein the BPP module 146 accepts inputs of water 142, biomass 142, extract 142, heat 134, and / or any mixture thereof. Certain embodiments include the above-described system characterized in that the following items are recovered from the BPP module 146: heat 148, carbon dioxide 148, water 148, and / or residue 133. Certain embodiments include the system characterized in that the residue (e.g., 122, 124, 133, etc.) is optionally combined with biomass, water, sediment, sludge, solvent, and / or chemistry. This may include any part of the material that was not used in the process or module, such as chemical residues. In some embodiments, the system includes the above-mentioned one, characterized in that the residue 133 is sent to the purification module 120. In some embodiments, the system includes the above-mentioned one, characterized in that the BBPP module 144 receives an input of heat 134. In some embodiments, the heat 134 is received from a thermal power plant. A practical implementation of the above-mentioned system, characterized in that the implementation is provided by a runt module 108. Certain embodiments encompass the above-described system, characterized in that the thermal plant module 108 and the BBPP module 144 are adjacent to each other.

[0234] 1, certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a system 100 in which two or more of the following modules are adjacent to each other: a thermal plant module 108, a BGM 110, a purification module 120, a gasification module 125, a BPP module 146, a BBPP module 144, and / or a desalination module 145, and which are in operative communication with each other and capable of exchanging heat, biomass, water, carbon dioxide, residues, and / or other resources and / or by-products (as defined herein). Certain embodiments include: Thermal plant module 108, BGM 110, refining module 120, gasification module 125, BPP Some embodiments encompass the above-described systems, characterized in that one or more of the modules 146, BBPP module 144, and / or desalination module 145 are embedded modules. In certain embodiments, biomass from any source is processed by the purification module 120, the gasification module 125, and / or the BPP module 146. In certain embodiments, the residue is transferred from these modules to another module (such as the thermal plant module 108) for processing. , BGM 110, purification module 120, gasification module 125, BPP module 146, BBPP module The desalination module 145 is a module that is adapted to move the wastewater from the desalination module 144 to the desalination module 145. In certain embodiments, the fuel produced from the process is provided to the thermal plant module 108 as fuel, either directly and / or after additional processing and / or heat recovery. be.

[0235] Referring to FIG. 1, certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a thermal power plant 108 and a BGM 110. An embodiment encompasses a method of combining the above-mentioned components, wherein the method includes providing a system 100. and generating biomass in the BGM 110. Some embodiments encompass the above-mentioned method, which also includes refining the biomass into a biofuel. Certain embodiments include the above-mentioned method, which also includes feeding the biomass to a thermal power plant 108. Certain embodiments include a method for supplying biofuel to a thermal power plant 108. Certain embodiments include the above-mentioned methods that also include burning the biomass in a thermal power plant 108. The embodiment includes the above-mentioned method including supplying exhaust gas 119 from the thermal power plant 108 to the BGM 110. Certain embodiments include the above-mentioned methods that also include processing biomass into non-fuel products. Certain embodiments include the above-mentioned methods that also include removing pollutants from exhaust gases from a thermal power plant 108. do.

[0236] With reference to FIG. 1 , certain embodiments may include a thermal plant 108, a BGM 110, a purification module 120, a gasification module 125, a BBP module 146, a BBPP module 144, and / or a desalination module. The system of claim 37 is configured by integrating the thermal power plant 108, the BGM 110, the refining module 120, the gasification module 125, the BBP module 146, the BBPP module 147, and the like. One or more modules may be selected from the group consisting of a desalination module 144 and / or a desalination module 145. As embedded modules, certain embodiments include methods for integrating these embedded modules to form one or more grids that can operatively communicate with each other. Certain embodiments include the following operational communication procedures: heat, biomass, water, carbon dioxide, residuals, and and / or other resources and / or by-products are exchanged between one or more of said embedded modules and / or between one or more of said grids. There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned methods.

[0237] In certain embodiments, the disclosed designs and / or methods (e.g., FIG. 2) may utilize energy rejected from thermal power plants in a highly efficient (almost adiabatic) manner. For example, many thermal power plants require cooling while generating electricity. Thermal power plants or other industrial plants (e.g., steel plants) may optionally contain heat that can be utilized for thermal processes such as thermodynamic processes or cycles (e.g., a Rankine cycle that utilizes a working fluid that absorbs and releases heat to generate electricity), which may be referred to herein as "primary process heat," while another portion of the thermal energy is wasted, typically dumped to the external environment, and is not available for use as energy in other processes (e.g., heat removed to cool the working fluid). Heat generated in this way and constantly released is sometimes called "waste energy" or "waste heat". The waste heat produced by thermal power plants typically varies between 40% and 75% of the heat content of the fuel. For example: simple cycle power plants produce about 51-67% waste heat. Cycle power plants generate about 35-50% waste heat. Oil-fired and coal-fired generators Electrical plants generate about 56-72% waste heat. Nuclear power plants generate about 55-70% waste heat. Most heat recovery systems are configured to recover about 15-20% of the waste heat, but the majority of it is always used exclusively for secondary power generation, and the remaining waste heat is discharged to the external environment. This in fact always results in environmental damage, not just total waste. The disclosed integrated infrastructure plan (e.g., Figures 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or descriptions related to heat capture and / or transfer) is provided with standard heat recovery technologies for power generation. Not only can any waste heat be productively used, from high temperature waste heat to low temperature waste heat that is not suitable for power generation. All heat sources above ambient temperature can be used for productive purposes, such as for refining biomass / biofuels in this plan, for BGM to alert to adjust temperature, or for other low temperature power generation, recycling / packaging, desalination, and / or other purposes (e.g., Figure 2 In certain embodiments, the heat utilized in the processes and / or systems of the present disclosure may be primary heat and waste heat. There are options for using any mixture of heat (1 / 50-1 / 1 or 1 / 10-3 / 1 or 1 / 5-5 / 1), or entirely waste heat, or entirely primary heat. In some cases, primary process heat may be replaced with waste heat, or both together, or used to augment waste heat, and the options are as shown in Figure 2 and / or other figures and / or their equivalents regarding heat utilization. Cooling may be generated from a variety of sources as well. Cooling may be generated from any heat source and / or regenerated heat. For example, in this plan, waste from thermal power plants and / or The cooling can be co-generated using any technique known to those skilled in the art, such as cooling or primary process heat. The energy generated by the biomass plant may be used for cooling (e.g., cooling of the biomass products produced by the plant), air conditioning for buildings, refining of biomass, and / or other beneficial uses of the plant (Figure 2). Thus, in certain embodiments, the processes and / or methods of the described plans and methods The system captures approximately 10% to 90%, alternatively 15% to 85%, alternatively 20% to 70%, alternatively 30% to 60%, alternatively 40% to 50% of the waste heat of the thermal plant, and optionally captures generated and / or regenerated heat and / or cooling from the constituent modules (e.g., FIG. 2), and can be used in the plans and / or methods introduced.

[0238] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 1 and / or 14), biomass products that require bottling may be bottled in a water bottling / biomass product bottling / packaging plant (BBPP). In an embodiment, the solid biomass product and / or the oily biomass product are also treated with the plant. It may be packaged in

[0239] Depending on the biomass species used, some fuels can be produced directly from the biomass in the biomass growth module. In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 10), these fuels can be evaporated and / or separated from the water by other means and used directly as fuel; and / or After further processing, it is used as fuel for thermal power plants and / or for other purposes. These fuels may be used in the process flows shown in 106 and 102 of FIG. and / or may be directed to refineries, and / or BPPs and / or BBPPs.

[0240] Certain embodiments (e.g., Figures 1, 3, 4, 5, and / or 6) include systems for treating saltwater, high salinity water, freshwater, wastewater (partially treated or untreated), and / or other water. Water is utilized in separate biomass growth modules and / or in any desired combination in specific BGUs and / or individual BGU subunits within the BGM; and / or characterized in that various modified versions of BGU are used simultaneously and / or sequentially. In one or more embodiments, the various optional BGUs and their components are illustrated in more detail in FIG.

[0241] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 9), An example of a possible biomass purification technique is hydrothermal processing (HTP), also known as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Figure 9 shows an exemplary process for performing HTL. Such liquefaction processes typically produce crude oil and water. In a first stage, the biomass / water slurry is processed through tertiary treatment and, optionally, through a gravity thickener 2 and / or any other thickening technique known to those skilled in the art (e.g., centrifuge). ) and / or diluted with water from any source. Biomass and / or a biomass / water slurry grown in the biomass growth module is heated by a thermal plant and undergoes HTP on-site, and / or the heated mixture is sent to a refinery and fed to a hydrothermal liquefaction module.

[0242] Certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 6) may include independent heat and / or energy sources that are provided by and / or optionally to a thermal power plant. In one embodiment, the HTP module is replenished by a heating process that is independent of the temperature. Once hydrothermal treatment is complete, the HTP module may discharge the products of the process (e.g., typically bio-crude and water for HTL or RTP, or biogas for CHG). The HTP module may be a stationary container of any design or a moving conveyor of any design where HTP is performed. Batch, constant flow, intermittent flow, and / or Other mobilization methods are available. Bio-crude may be used directly as a fuel source in thermal power plants and / or may be used as fuel in thermal power plants after drying and / or refining.

[0243] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 6), a WWTP or It is possible to modify a WWTP pond or specific components of it to be used as a BGM or as a supporting element for the BGM. WWTP ponds are generally too deep for the growth of biomass such as algae. To provide shallow ponds for aquatic biomass, something can be put into the WWTP and mixing and / or a carbon dioxide source can be added, similar to the track design. Optional. Also, it is optional to install surface lighting to illuminate the bottom of deep WWTP ponds to create a favorable environment for the growth of algae and other biomass. If beneficial, For temperature regulation of the BGM or its components, it is an option to use WWTP ponds and / or other structures to contain water in contact with the BGM or its components. For example, a BGU bioreactor can be installed in a pond that is currently or previously used as part of a WWTP. The temperature of the bioreactor can be stabilized by partially or totally submerging the bioreactor in water or by other means (e.g., by suspension). To optimize that component, heating or cooling of the WWTP ponds and / or other structures is required. Heat or cooling may include heat or cooling generated in thermal power plants and / or other power plants on the plan. It is possible to use sources such as those shown in FIG. WWTPs modified to support BGM should be used alongside active WWTPs, whenever practical. can be used with modified BGM and will not be available as WWTP .

[0244] In describing the operation and design of one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 6) and BGUs, the design may block, redirect, filter, concentrate, and / or filter light input to a biomass growth module or individual BGUs and / or BGU components. The term "optical" may encompass structures for detecting and / or otherwise modifying an object. For biomass growth requiring a mixture of synthetic, non-photosynthetic and / or multiple processes The structure and / or operation of the biomass growth module encompassing the embodiments is not important. For example, in certain embodiments, a photosynthetic bioreactor for growing biomass using sunlight selectively blocks and / or blocks sunlight in response to predetermined time intervals and / or detected conditions. The system is designed to allow organisms to grow in the shadows by filtering and / or irrigating the area. It is also possible to selectively unblock and / or disable the sunlight filter outside of predetermined times and / or under detected and / or selected other conditions. In the case of a 3D filter (e.g., Fig. 8), it is possible to filter out various light wavelengths. It is possible to use external equipment and / or modify the bioreactor itself. Optional (the coating of the bioreactor is configured to selectively filter sunlight).

[0245] In one or more specific embodiments (FIGS. 1, 2, and / or 3), the saltwater BGU The discharge, or biomass / water slurry, or treated ballast after the BGM treatment stage (see Figure 1) The biomass / water slurry (containing biomass and / or biofuel rich brine) can remain substantially independent of primary and / or tertiary treatment and / or can be used in the same manner and / or systems described for other BGU discharges of this Plan: for example, as cooling water in thermal power plants, for hydrothermal processing (HTP), for preheating for HTP, and / or other biomass processing techniques. If the biomass is intended to be heated, the heat may be regenerated by any of the methods described herein before being discharged. The desalination plant can be mixed with the brine discharge of the optional desalination plant and discharged to dilute the brine discharge to some extent, or it can be regenerated and returned to the plant (see Figure 3). It may also be used as described.

[0246] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figures 1, 3, 6, 10, 11, and / or 14), a water bottling / biomass product bottling / packaging plant (BBPP) may be added as part of the plan. In one or more particular embodiments, one or more components within the BBPP may be used (e.g., bottling only, biomass bottling only, and / or other biomass packaging only). Bottles of treated drinking water produced by the DP. A water bottling line may be used to accomplish the filling.

[0247] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11, and / or 14), desalted water intended for bottling may require additional disinfection treatment prior to bottling. For this purpose, heat from thermal plants and / or heat from other sources on the plan (see Figure 2) may be used, and / or may be used for other purposes in the BBPP. The water that BBPP can produce and provide includes drinking water for per capita consumption, water reserve for emergency use, and / or optional water for export. BBPP also: It is possible to package liquid and / or solid products derived from biomass. Carbon dioxide from any of the above sources (e.g., FIG. 4) can be used to produce carbonated water and / or biomass products. Bio-crude and / or bio-products can be produced independently of the water bottling area. There may be an area for packaging biofuels, including bottling, barrelling, storing, cutting, pelleting, boxing, pressing, tanking, and / or other packaging of biofuels. or other measures to store, export, and / or prepare produce for marketing. In some cases, they may be combined.

[0248] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figures 1, 3, 6, 10, 11, and / or 14), these products may be stored prior to off-site shipment and / or prior to use in the plan. In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 1, 3, 6, 10, 11, and / or 14), biomass products (particularly liquid and / or solid biomass products) produced on-site may be stored in a storage area immediately after production. It may be bottled / packaged and / or otherwise stored in a BBPP. In certain embodiments, it may be heated and / or sealed before and / or after packaging to maintain freshness. Biomass using cogeneration cooling from coal and / or other sources The product can be cooled. Thanks to immediate packaging and / or cooling (e.g., refrigeration) Produce that needs attention can be stored on-site and prepared for market at maximum profit.

[0249] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 1), the BBPP is sterilized prior to bottling. Some or all of the desalinated water disinfection equipment (e.g. UV treatment) may be shared with the WWTP and / or WWTBGU. Some or all of the vessel may be shared with the WWTP and / or WWTBGU.

[0250] In certain embodiments (e.g., Figure 1), the Plan was in use prior to its implementation. A technology may be incorporated into the plan as a thermal plant module or as a component or technology of a thermal plant module (e.g., an existing coal-fired power plant may be incorporated into the plan and become part of a thermal plant module that is connected to the overall plan). In one or more particular embodiments, an existing component, technology, unit, subunit, feature, and / or module may be incorporated into the plan's technology, as units, sub-units, features and / or modules, and / or as modules, units, sub-units, technologies and / or other features of the Plan; may be incorporated as a means of connection and / or communication between the In a manner that is not within the meaning of the preceding paragraph, such elements may be incorporated as part of any feature of the Plan (e.g., waste to energy system, WWTP, BGM, refinery, BPP, waste treatment plant, recycling plant, solar thermal technology, desalination plant, BBPP, water intake, and / or any other module of the Plan, units, subunits, technologies, and / or other components).

[0251] One or more embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7A, 7B, 10, 11, 22, and / or or 25, and / or resources, heat and / or cooling, and / or thermal plants Other figures and / or explanations of relevant aspects of thermal power plant technology, fuel and / or flow rate, air flow rate and / or content, water selection, water flow rate, and / or Any other performance items known to the art may be subject to sensors and / or dynamic controls. Thus, it can be controlled.

[0252] In embodiment 200 (see FIG. 2 ), a thermal plant 222 provides thermal energy / heat transfer and / or cogeneration cooling 216 to a particular module or modules of grid 200. Thermal plant (TP) 222 may be a particular plant or plants, modules, sub-modules, technologies, components, features, and / or support systems. Includes all the components that, as a whole, define a thermal power plant, such as a thermal power plant, a MSW incineration unit, and optionally includes one or more of the following features: WTE units including refueling, other direct combustion technologies, plasma gasification units (plasma) and / or one or more other sub-modules 224 (optionally including heat and / or cooling) comprised of any biomass / WTE fuel generation technology capable of utilizing heat and / or cooling. Solution unit, HTP unit, Cellulosic ethanol / isobutanol / butanol unit Generates fuel, desorbers / condensers, and / or fuels and requires heat and / or cooling or other technology that can be leveraged). Optionally, to render hazardous solid waste inert, a recycling unit is included as part of the TP222. A rotating kiln incinerator 226 may also be used. TP also defines thermal plant technology as The TP 222 may include other technologies and / or features that may be used in conjunction with the desalination unit 214, the BGM 212, the refinery 202, the recycle unit 206, the BBPP (bottling / packaging) and the like. 207, a heat / cooling recovery unit 208, a heat / cooling storage unit 218, a biogas / natural gas storage unit 221, an air conditioning / heating unit 210, a product storage unit 220, and / or a heat and / or thermal plant technologies that can utilize cooling (e.g., pyrolysis, HTP, cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol, desorbers / condensers, and / or heat and / or 224) (other thermal power plant technologies that utilize cooling 224) to communicate with one or all units of the grid and / or off-site The refinery and / or BPP 202 may be connected to the following heat and / or cooling The system is comprised of modules 204 that include a centralized process for biofuel processing: an HTP unit (including technologies such as HTL, CHG, and / or RTP) 204A, an anaerobic digestion unit 204B, a supercritical fluid extraction unit 204C, and / or other processes for biofuel processing known to those skilled in the art. and / or biofuel and / or biomass drying unit 202A. Heat and / or cooling is recovered from the TP 222, the desalination unit 214, the BGM 212, the refinery 202, the recycle unit 206, the BBPP (bottling / packaging plant) 207 by any heat / cooling recovery process, e.g., 208. It is also possible to store heat and / or cooling from any source that is interacting with the grid in one or more heat / cooling storage units 218 for future use. Heat and / or cooling 234 from an off-site source 228 is also optional. and return it to the grid for use in the aforementioned processes, modules, and / or units. Heat can be added to the grid using a solar cell and / or solar / thermal plant 230, which can optionally be connected to a BGM water source 232 and / or a solar power plant 234, as shown in FIG. The term "sunlight container" encompasses any method of exposing water to sunlight and / or ambient temperature. In certain embodiments, the term "sunlight container" encompasses any method of exposing water to sunlight and / or ambient temperature. In "light vessels," water is used for decorative fountains, lake pools, and / or for use in certain processes. The water may be guided by other features that allow for heating of a specific water source, such as a deep sea intake saline solution, prior to use. All heat and / or cooling flows illustrated by lines and arrows are Optional and may be controlled. Optionally controlled thermal and / or or cooling flows (lines and / or arrows on 200), heating / cooling recovery 208, and / or Heating / cooling storage 218, and / or utilization of heat and / or cooling, and / or other processes and / or module configurations for utilizing heat and / or cooling (FIG. 2) may be implemented using any of the methods disclosed herein and / or known to those skilled in the art. It is optional to adopt any method. The heat and / or cooling flows, connections and / or communications in this Plan are shown as lines that depict a "grid" and represent the connections and / or communications processes available for use in the heat and / or cooling applications between the various modules, units or other components. Although illustrated, in reality the heat and / or cooling flows and / or sources may or may not be mixed or integrated and may be utilized universally in the present plan. In certain embodiments, high and low level heat and / or cooling flows and / or sources may be combined or integrated and may be utilized universally in the present plan. or cooling may or may not be mixed, but rather the actual connections and / or communications between modules and / or processes may be controlled and / or limited. As a result, heat and / or cooling flows available at different temperatures, different media, and different times are directed to the heat and / or cooling utilization points (as few as one, as many as all) depicted in the "grid." Thus, the "grid" in practice takes the form of a system composed of many subsystems, each of which is a small subset of the modules / units / units in the "grid" of Figure 2. It is characterized by the establishment of many unique connections / communications / flows between processes.

[0253] Absorbing heat from thermal plants and transferring it to the outside can require significant water resources. This large amount of waste heat is then converted into heated air, steam, and / or water, or other means. If released into the environment at any stage, energy is lost, water is used, and there may be harmful effects on the environment.

[0254] In certain embodiments, the plans and methods relate to providing cooling fluids (e.g., aqueous fluids, air, and / or other fluids) to thermal power plants, as well as to In certain embodiments, the waste heat may be productively utilized in a process to purify the aqueous effluent or discharge (e.g., water, fuel, and / or biomass) of the biomass growth module. With reference to FIG. 2, certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a system that utilizes heat and / or cooling and recycles it from the thermal plant module and / or other modules. An embodiment encompasses a system 200 configured to generate heat and / or cooling, characterized in that heat and / or cooling is provided to and / or regenerated from the following components: The BGM 212, the purification module 202, the BPP module 202, the air conditioning / heating module 210, the recycle module 206, the BBPP module 207, the product storage module 220, the desalination module module 214, waste-to-energy module 222, biogas storage module 221, heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, off-site heating / cooling 228 for outside the plan, for discharge A heating / cooling and / or thermal plant module 222 may be optionally included. A system selected from the following components: pyrolysis process module 224, hydrothermal A processing module 224, a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, a desorber / condenser module 224, and / or other processes requiring heat and / or cooling and included in the thermal plant module 222.

[0255] Certain embodiments include a BGM 212, a purification module 202, a BPP module 202, and an air conditioning / heating Room module 210, recycling module 206, BBPP module 207, product storage module 220, desalination module 214, waste-to-energy module 222, biogas storage module 221, Heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, off-site heating / cooling module for external use Cooling 228, heating / cooling for discharge, and / or systems selected from the following as components that the thermal plant module 222 may optionally include: a pyrolysis process module 224, a hydrothermal treatment module 224, a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, a desorber / condenser module 224, and / or systems requiring heat and / or cooling. Also, heat and other processes contained in the thermal plant module 222 are recovered. and / or cooling are provided by BGM 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, air conditioning / heating module 210, recycle module 206, BBPP module 207, product storage module 220, desalination module 214, waste to energy module 222, biogas storage module 221, heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, off-site heating / cooling 228 for use outside the plant. Optionally, a heating / cooling and / or thermal plant module 222 for discharge is included. The system may include any of the following components: a pyrolysis process module 224, a hydrothermal treatment module 224, a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, a desorber / condenser module 224, and / or any other module that requires heat and / or cooling. The thermal power plant module 222 is also provided for other processes included in the thermal power plant module 222. There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned systems.

[0256] Certain embodiments include a BGM 212, a purification module 202, a BPP module 202, and an air conditioning / heating Room module 210, recycling module 206, BBPP module 207, product storage module 220, desalination module 214, waste-to-energy module 222, biogas storage module 221, Heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, off-site heating / cooling module for external use Cooling 228, heating / cooling for discharge, and / or systems selected from the following as components that the thermal plant module 222 may optionally include: a pyrolysis process module 224, a hydrothermal treatment module 224, a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, a desorber / condenser module 224, and / or systems requiring heat and / or cooling. In addition, other processes included in the thermal power plant module 222 are arranged adjacent to each other. In some embodiments, the system includes the above-mentioned system.

[0257] Certain embodiments include those that encompass the above-described systems, in which the thermal plant module 222 is configured to provide waste heat to the BGM 212 .

[0258] In certain embodiments, the thermal plant module 222 may emit waste heat as a heated fluid. There is an embodiment that encompasses the above-mentioned system, characterized in that it is configured as follows.

[0259] In certain embodiments, the heated fluid is supplied directly or as a water source and / or a gas source. There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned systems that are characterized in that they are partially fed towards the BGM 212, the BGU, and / or any subunits of the BGU.

[0260] In certain embodiments, the heated fluid is configured to transfer heat to the BGM 212, the BGU, and / or any subunits of the BGU without directly interacting with the BGM 212. In some embodiments, the system includes the above-mentioned system characterized by: (including mixing with the fluid therein and / or the flowing fluid as an application).

[0261] In certain embodiments, off-site heating / cooling 228 includes a fresh water source and / or a salt water intake. There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned system, characterized in that:

[0262] With reference to Table 1, a system configured to utilize and regenerate heat and / or cooling from a thermal plant module and / or another module, is characterized in that heat and / or cooling is provided to and / or regenerated from the following components: a) BGM, b) a purification module; c) BPP module; d) Air conditioning / heating module; e) recycling modules; f) BBPP module; g) product storage module; h) a desalination module; i) waste-to-energy modules; g) biogas storage module; k) heat storage / cold modules; l) Heat / cooling recovery module; m) off-site heating / cooling; n) Heating / cooling for release, and / or o) Several systems selected as optional components of thermal power plants: M: 1. Pyrolysis process module, 2. Hydrothermal treatment module, 3. Cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol, and / or 4. Desorber / condenser module 224.

[0263] The combinations in Table 1 above show other embodiments related to this embodiment.

[0264] In certain embodiments, the fresh water source and / or water intake may include one or more of the following modules: The present invention relates to a system for providing heat and / or cooling to a There are embodiments: BGM 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, air conditioning / heating module 210, a recycle module 206, a BBPP module 207, a product storage module 220, a desalination module 214, a waste-to-energy module 222, a biogas storage module 221, a heat / cold storage module 218, a heat / cold recovery module 208, and / or a thermal plant module 222. Optionally included components include a system selected from the following: a pyrolysis process module 224, a hydrothermal treatment module 224, a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, a desorber / condenser module 224, and / or a heat and / or or cooling, and other processes included in the thermal plant module 222.

[0265] In certain embodiments, the heat and / or cooling output from any of the following modules may be used: and / or cooling transfer modules and / or technologies, and / or thermal storage / cold modules and / or units. There are forms: BGM 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, air conditioning / heating module 210, recycling module 206, BBPP module 207, product storage module 220, desalination module 214, waste-to-energy module 222, biogas storage module 221, heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, off-site heating / cooling for external use to the plan 228, and Optional heating / cooling and / or thermal plant module 222 for power generation is included. A system comprising: a pyrolysis process module 224; Hydrothermal Treatment Module 224, Cellulosic Ethanol / Butanol / Isobutanol Module 224, the desorber / condenser module 224, and / or heat and / or cooling required; Other processes included in the thermal plant module 222 .

[0266] With reference to FIG. 2, certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a method for utilizing and recovering heat and / or cooling from a thermal plant module and / or another module. Although there are embodiments that encompass the present invention, the method may be used to generate heat and / or cooling in a particular module. the transfer of heat and / or cooling to another module; the transfer of some or all of the heat and / or cooling to the thermal plant module and / or to said “another module”; and optionally from and / or on the thermal plant module. Transferring unused heat and / or cooling in the “other module” to the original module The system includes a biogas storage module 220, a desalination module 214, a waste-to-energy module 222, a biogas storage module 224, a purification module 202, a BPP module 202, an air conditioning / heating module 210, a recycling module 206, a BBPP module 207, a product storage module 220, a desalination module 214, a waste-to-energy module 222, a biogas storage module 224, a biogas storage module 226, a biogas storage module 228, a biogas storage module 229, a biogas storage module 230, a biogas storage module 232, a biogas storage module 234, a biogas storage module 236, a biogas storage module 238, a biogas storage module 239, a biogas storage module 240, a biogas storage module 242, a biogas storage module 244, a biogas storage module 246, a biogas storage module 248, a biogas storage module 249, a biogas storage module 250, a biogas storage module 252, a biogas storage module 254, a biogas storage module 256, a biogas storage module 258, a biogas storage module 260, a biogas storage module 262, a biogas storage module 264, a biogas storage module 266, a biogas storage module 268, a biogas storage module 268, a biogas storage module 269, a biogas storage module 270, a biogas storage module 272, a biogas storage module 274, a biogas storage module 276, a biogas storage module 278, a biogas storage module 278, a biogas storage module 2 module 221, heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, The extra-legal heating / cooling 228, exhaust heating / cooling, and / or thermal plant module 222 Optionally included components include a system selected from the following: a pyrolysis process module 224, a hydrothermal treatment module 224, a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, a desorber / condenser module 224, and / or a heat and / or or cooling, and other processes included in the thermal plant module 222.

[0267] Certain embodiments include a BGM 212, a purification module 202, a BPP module 202, and an air conditioning / heating Room module 210, recycling module 206, BBPP module 207, product storage module 220, desalination module 214, waste-to-energy module 222, biogas storage module 221, Heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, external heating / cooling module for external use Cooling 228, heating / cooling for discharge, and / or systems selected from the following as components that the thermal plant module 222 may optionally include: a pyrolysis process module 224, a hydrothermal treatment module 224, a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, a desorber / condenser module 224, and / or systems requiring heat and / or cooling. Also, heat and other processes contained in the thermal plant module 222 are recovered. and / or cooling, which may be provided by BGM 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, air conditioning / heating module 210, recycle module 206, BBPP module 207, product storage module 220, desalination module 214, waste to energy module 222, biogas storage module 221, heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, external heating / cooling module 228 for external use to the plant. Optionally, a heating / cooling and / or thermal plant module 222 for discharge is included. The system may include any of the following components: a pyrolysis process module 224, a hydrothermal treatment module 224, a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, a desorber / condenser module 224, and / or any other module that requires heat and / or cooling. It is particularly noted that the present invention is provided for other processes included in the thermal power plant module 222. There are embodiments that encompass the above-mentioned methods.

[0268] Certain embodiments include a BGM 212, a purification module 202, a BPP module 202, and an air conditioning / heating Room module 210, recycling module 206, BBPP module 207, product storage module 220, desalination module 214, waste-to-energy module 222, biogas storage module 221, Heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, external heating / cooling module for external use Cooling 228, heating / cooling for discharge, and / or systems selected from the following as components that the thermal plant module 222 may optionally include: a pyrolysis process module 224, a hydrothermal treatment module 224, a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, a desorber / condenser module 224, and / or systems requiring heat and / or cooling. In addition, other processes included in the thermal power plant module 222 are arranged adjacent to each other. There are also embodiments encompassing the aforementioned methods, characterized in that

[0269] Certain embodiments may include additional heat and / or cooling output from any of the following modules: Embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned methods, characterized in that they share heat and / or cooling transfer modules and / or technologies and / or heat storage / cold modules and / or units. There are: BGM 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, air conditioning / heating module 210, recycling module 206, BBPP module 207, product storage module 220, dechlorination module module 214, waste-to-energy module 222, biogas storage module 221, heat / cold storage module 218, heat / cold recovery module 208, off-site heating / cooling 228 for use outside the plan, discharge Optional heating / cooling and / or thermal plant module 222 for A system selected from the following components: a pyrolysis process module 224, a water Thermal treatment module 224, cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 224, desorber / condenser module 224, and / or other processes requiring heat and / or cooling and included in thermal plant module 222.

[0270] In certain embodiments (e.g., Figs. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures shown), In embodiments relating to heat capture and / or heat transfer, the present disclosure provides a thermal power plant comprising: The invention relates to a method for providing said thermal power plant with cooling fluid (e.g., necessary cooling water) while productively utilizing the waste heat generated, which would normally be discharged non-productively, possibly resulting in environmental damage, that can be productively utilized, for example, to regulate the bioreactor temperature and / or to purify and convert water, fuel, and / or biomass produced in the biomass growth module into useful products.

[0271] The disclosed integrated infrastructure plan (e.g., Figs. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B , 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or descriptions related to heat capture and / or transfer) are not only equipped with standard heat recovery techniques for power generation, but can also productively utilize any waste heat from high temperature waste heat to low temperature waste heat not suitable for power generation. All heat sources above ambient temperature are used in this plan for refining biomass / biofuels, for BGM to alert to adjust temperature, or for other low temperature power generation, recycling / packaging, desalination, and / or other low temperature power generation. Figure 2 The present invention is directed to highly innovative and productive uses, such as for other purposes as set forth above. In one or more particular embodiments, the present invention is directed to a process and / or system that is adapted for use in the present invention. The heat to be used may be a mixture of primary heat and waste heat in any ratio (1 / 50 to 1 / 1, or 1 / 10 to 3 / 1, or 1 / 5 to 5 / 1), or may be entirely waste heat, or entirely primary heat.

[0272] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2, FIG. 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or descriptions relating to heat capture and / or transfer), the biomass generated by the biomass growth module. Biomass / water slurry is produced by the thermal plant and thermal plant modules. It is heated by waste heat from the liquefaction process and then processed in a process called hydrothermal treatment (hydrothermal liquefaction, RTP, catalytic hydrothermal gas and / or other hydrothermal treatment methods) do. The heated biomass / water slurry may be adjusted according to the specific HTP process and / or operating conditions. The process is pressurized as needed and the output of these processes is primarily water and bio-crude, and / or methane and / or carbon dioxide.

[0273] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2 and / or the transfer of heat and / or In the illustrated embodiment (illustration and description of the capture), the "BGM effluent" containing the biomass-laden water or biomass / water slurry (optionally after the processing steps of FIG. 1) discharged from the biomass growth module is sent to the thermal plant for cooling and / or heat capture by various methods. The biomass-laden BGM effluent from the BGM can be used directly to cool the thermal plant, or after additional processing to cool the thermal plant, and / or in a heat exchange system with other fluids to cool the thermal plant. In the latter case, the nature of the BGM effluent and the appropriate water quality for the thermal power plant technology in question must be considered. By nature and / or other conditions, it indirectly cools thermal power plants and captures their heat. Optionally, heat from the thermal plant can be delivered to the biomass / water slurry in other ways.

[0274] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or heat collection and / or or other diagrams and / or explanations relating to transmission) captured from thermal power plants Heat is generated from biofuels produced directly in the biomass growth module and / or bio The mass / water slurry (optionally processed by any method known to those skilled in the art) Refining biomass contained in the raw materials (including those that have been harvested) (by methods such as hydrothermal treatment) ) and / or any other method of purifying the output of the biomass growth module ( produced for the purpose of preheating for the above purposes (especially those not involving harvesting) and / or It is possible to utilize it effectively. Optionally, or in addition, the biomass may be processed and / or harvested by any of the methods described above or any combination of the methods described above, and / or by methods for the production of other biomass and / or biofuels useful for fuels and / or other products, and / or in the synthesis of fuels and / or other products.

[0275] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figs. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D , 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or descriptions relating to heat capture and / or transfer), heat and / or cogeneration cooling from the thermal plant combustion exhaust may be conveyed by a conveying means, This can be used to heat and / or control the BGM, individual BGUs, and / or individual BGU components. By cooling or refrigerating the biomass growth module, optimal biological growth and / or proliferation rates can be maintained. Biomass growth typically occurs during cooler months. As the temperature becomes more dependent on the organism, and / or due to daily temperature changes and / or other temperature fluctuations, this heat (waste heat) is often used to support biological growth and / or for e.g. If necessary, other measures such as heating water may be required for any process or use in the plan (see Figure 2). The waste heat can also be converted to cooling, for example by cogeneration, and used to regulate the temperature of the BGM, individual BGUs, or BGU components. In order to prevent overheating, biomass refining / processing (e.g. condensation of recycled solvents) may be used to cool / freeze biomass products, for example, to reduce production, and / or for any other purposes under this Plan.

[0276] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figs. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat capture and / or transfer, and / or Fig. 3 and / or water utilization and / or (or other diagrams and / or explanations of the movement) It is possible to use cooling water from the source, and the water can be directed to optional primary treatment (from module 104 in FIG. 1) and then directly used as source water in the BGM. The water may be mixed with other sources and used as source water in the BGM, or simply used to transfer heat to water used in the BGM or other processes. Any of these or other methods disclosed herein and / or any other methods known to those of skill in the art may be used. In this measure, the temperature of the BGM is calculated by combining the water outflow from the thermal power plant and, optionally, other water sources. Gas and / or other fluid outflows from thermal plants may also be used in conjunction with other heat sources to regulate BGM and / or other components of the plan directly or indirectly. The heat sources may be utilized to regulate the temperature of the components (e.g., Figures 7A, 7B, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, and / or 12E). If cooling is required, any of the heat sources described above may be utilized to generate cogeneration cooling and provide this to the plant (see Figure 2).

[0277] In one or more particular embodiments (FIGS. 2, 3, 6, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat collection and / or transfer), a particular BGM and / or its components may be used. Component, and / or water transmission, specific BGM, specific BGU, specific BGU subunit, and / or any other BGU component may be used in a pool fed by a water source to capture waste heat from a thermal power plant and / or to provide cooling (cold water). , or another container, running water, or body of water, where the temperature of the BGM is regulated by contact with a source of hot or cold water.

[0278] In one or more particular embodiments (FIGS. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat collection and / or transfer, and / or FIG. 23, and / or the use of pressure and and / or other diagrams and / or explanations of transfer) Once absorbed into the slurries, the slurry is optionally sent for purification and / or further processing. Refineries (Refineries can be HTP modules, such as the HTL module in Figure 9, or other hydrothermal processing modules) The temperature is then transferred to a steam turbine (which may include 10 ... (662°F or higher) and the pressure is increased according to the specific HTP method (HTL (For example, about 3000 PSI is maintained for about 1 hour.) In a particular embodiment, the closed reactor is heated to 500-1300° F. by rapid heating, resulting in a process time of about 1 minute. For example, the following references are incorporated herein by reference and are believed to be reliable: http: / / www.greencarcongress.com / 2012 / 11 / savage-20121108.html, http: / / pubs.acs.org / doi / abs / 10.1021 / ef301925d and / or http: / / www.biofuelsdigest. com / bdigest / 2015 / 02 / 22 / algae-liquefaction-what-is-is-and- why-it-might-be-the-key-to-affordable-drop-in-algae-biofuels / .

[0279] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figs. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D , 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, 23 and / or other figures and / or descriptions relating to heat capture and / or transfer, or pressure regeneration and reuse), the energy used to generate pressure and / or heat may be recovered after the hydrothermal liquefaction and / or other HTP processes are completed. This energy may be used to This may then be transferred to generate auxiliary energy and / or contribute to the efficiency of the plan and / or method (see FIG. 23).

[0280] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figures 2, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, and / or 23), heated water and / or bio-crude oil are used to process the biomass. The heat generated by the heat exchanger is transferred to another heat exchanger to recover the heat. The pressure is transferred to a turbine or Pelton wheel, turbocharger, pressure exchanger (e.g., DWEER, rotating By standard technology such as pressure exchangers, and Dannfoss isaves, energy recovery pumps (e.g. Clark pumps, Spectra Pearson pumps, and / or other suitable technology) Another portion of the heated biomass / water slurry that is recovered or regenerated and in preparation for hydrothermal treatment. The pumps are used to generate pressure for desalination, for moving liquids in the process, for power generation, for desalination, for other processes in the plant, and / or for other uses. It is possible to do so.

[0281] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 2, 7A, 7B, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat capture and / or transfer), thermal plant exhaust gas, thermal plant cooling (including embodiments utilizing HTP of biomass / water slurries), and / or Heat recovered from other processes in the Plan may be used for any hydrothermal treatment process and / or other refining process involving water, biomass, and / or biofuels, including distillation of fuels, preheating the water source for the biomass growth module, directly and / or indirectly preheating the biomass growth module, anaerobic digestion for efficiency (if used) for drying of biomass, fuel, and / or waste in preparation for combustion and / or other processes (if applicable), and for cellulosic ethanol / bioprocessing (if applicable) In the process of methanol / isobutanol, supercritical fluid extraction, optional desalination unit For HTP of biomass and / or any organic waste mixed with water and / or other fluids to improve the efficiency of the process and / or other processes (see Figure 2). It is possible to reuse it for other purposes.

[0282] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 2, 7A, 7B, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, and 12E, and / or any other diagrams or descriptions relating to heat capture and / or transfer), heat will be generated / recovered from the following sources and used for the above uses and / or other uses in this Plan: Waste heat as exhaust gas from thermal power plants and heat captured from thermal power plant cooling water, heat from primary treatment processes generated by thermal power plants (e.g. non-waste heat from primary combustion processes), heat generated by any other thermal power plant processes, heat recovered from HTP and / or other water / biofuel / biomass refining, heat from processes for cooling BGM. Heat recovery, any additional solar thermal technologies (including solar troughs and / or towers); Optional desalination plant discharge and / or heat capture and / or recovery (see [Previous This process can recover heat generated from any of the processes described in Section 1. Heat recovered from the process on the run, utilizing heat exchangers and / or other known techniques This allows the transfer of heat from one system to another and / or from a particular substrate To transfer water, vapor, solids to another substrate and / or to the same It can be used to transfer feeds of different substrate types (e.g., wastewater to separate water sources for use in various processes, gas to another gas) thereby transferring heat to where it is needed on the plant (see, e.g., Figures 12A-12E).

[0283] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2, FIG. 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat capture and / or transfer, and / or FIG. 6), heat (waste heat) and / or thermal plants, HTP water discharges, and / or other heat in the plant (e.g., FIG. 2) may be utilized. Cogeneration cooling from a centralized process is a special feature of the biomass growth module, BGM. In a given BGU, and / or in any component of any BGU, e.g. To counter temperature fluctuations caused by temperature and / or other factors that are detrimental to biomass growth. In this way, the biomass growth module is used in conjunction with thermal power plants and / or other heat sources. By arranging the modules side-by-side, daily and / or This allows for year-round operation and / or optimization (e.g., 24 / 7 operation) and also reduces the risk of algae This allows for the use of biomass in warm climates where some biomass cannot be grown successfully at ambient temperatures, as well as in extremely cold climates (e.g., Arctic regions) where biomass cannot be effectively grown in conventional biomass propagation systems. Similarly, the use of cooling from thermal power plants can prevent growth and / or limit the types of biomass available. This allows biomass to grow in extremely hot environments such as the desert. Cooling produced in this manner can also be used to cool or refrigerate other process gases, liquids, and / or solids throughout the plan, for cooling or refrigeration for buildings, for cooling or refrigeration for biomass products, for use in biomass refining (e.g., condensing evaporated solvents after extraction), and for other applications. This information may be used to condense and / or for other purposes (on-site and / or off-site, as the case may be).

[0284] In certain embodiments (e.g., Figures 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat capture and / or transfer, and / or Figure 6), cooling from a thermal power plant is utilized. By using microbial biomass, it is possible to achieve biomass growth in very hot environments (e.g., deserts), where growth is inhibited and / or the available species are limited. Cooling produced in this manner can also be used for cooling or refrigeration for buildings, for cooling or refrigeration for biomass products, for use in biomass refining (e.g., to condense evaporated solvents after extraction), to condense other process gases, liquids, and / or solids throughout the plant, and / or for other uses (possibly on-site and / or off-site).

[0285] Certain embodiments (e.g., those incorporated by reference in Figures 2, 3, 19, and / or 20) are In the above-mentioned embodiment, the design and / or method may include a step of transferring a working fluid (e.g., an aqueous fluid) to the The present invention relates to a method for providing primary process heat energy to a thermal power plant while (concurrently) transferring the primary process heat energy generated in the thermal power plant. In certain embodiments, the heat is provided by an aqueous effluent or discharge (e.g., water, fuel, and / or a biomass growth module) of the biomass growth module. The output of the biomass growth module may be productively utilized in a process to refine biomass and / or biofuel (with the biomass acting as a working fluid). The output of the biomass growth module may be utilized in an open mechanical process, in which a fresh portion of the output of the biomass growth module may be used partially or wholly on an ongoing basis as a working fluid (e.g., to generate electricity in the evaporation and turbine rotation portion of a thermodynamic cycle), and the partially or fully refined biomass and / or biofuel resulting from such a system may be removed from the water and, optionally, may be used as fuel in thermal power plants after additional processing of the Some or all of the water may be used for thermal power plants and / or any other water needs under this plan. In certain embodiments, the thermal plastics may be reused in the process (see FIG. 3). Combustion of wet and / or dry biomass is an option for generating electricity at the plant and / or for synthesizing biomass products. Biomass can be dried in a drying module attached to the thermal plant (consisting of a refinery and / or BPP) and / or in a separate biomass drying facility by using waste heat and / or airflow from and / or to the thermal plant. Drying Water collected from the process may be used to grow the biomass and / or other components of the plan. and / or waste heat from the drying process is regenerated and may be used in this plan (see Figure 2).

[0286] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figs. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D , 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or descriptions relating to the capture and / or transfer of heat), in which a thermal power plant is or primary process heat, which is used in desalination plants, biomass processing, and / or or exported to other industrial uses. Depending on the desalination method employed, the heat can be used to perform the desalination or to improve the desalination process.

[0287] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2 or other illustrations of heat generation and / or transfer), waste heat and / or primary process heat from thermal plant technology may be utilized in the present invention. As with the HTP treatment of biomass / water slurries described herein, this can be applied to waste HTPs and / or other biomass HTPs (e.g., wood and / or agricultural waste).

[0288] In one or more specific embodiments (FIG. 2 and / or FIG. 10, and / or other illustrations relating to fuel and / or heat generation and / or transfer), the system includes a cellulose This includes the production of alcohol, butanol, and / or isobutanol. In embodiments, these fuels can be used to provide power to the plant on-site and / or to export power off-site. Gasoline-based ethanol / butanol / isobutanol technologies are being developed to produce fuel as a partial or total replacement for incineration and / or to provide biomass (e.g., algae). can be used to produce sugars from cellulose and / or other organic materials. From the feedstock, compounds that are useful as fuels and / or as biomass feedstocks can be produced ( Other technologies (current or future) may be utilized as well. In one or more specific embodiments (FIG. 2), waste heat and / or primary process heat from thermal plants may be utilized for pretreatment steps, cellulosic processes, distillation processes, and / or processes that require heat. It is possible to utilize this in other stages.

[0289] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2 or other illustrations relating to heat generation and / or transfer), a desalination plant filtration-based process and / or distillation Both the thermal and thermal-based processes utilize waste heat from thermal plants and / or primary process heat. In certain embodiments, in filtration-based processes, heat can be utilized to improve the efficiency of the filtration process. In certain embodiments, in distillation-based processes, heat can be utilized to distill water and / or to generate heat in a distillation plant. The heat can be used to preheat water so that the heating load is reduced in the

[0290] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2 and / or FIG. 24K), waste heat can be utilized to generate the electricity necessary to achieve electrolysis. For example, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) can be synthesized from DP brine release using brine electrolysis. Bleaching is used throughout the plan for disinfection, cleaning, and / or other uses. may be appropriated for a particular purpose and / or exported off-site. In some embodiments (e.g., FIG. 24K and / or FIG. 10), brine electrolysis produces hydrogen gas, which may be utilized to generate electricity in a fuel cell, and / or Or it may be returned to the thermal power plant for combustion.

[0291] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2 or other illustrations relating to heat generation and / or transfer), heat is transferred to the HTP and / or biofuel, biomass, and / or biomass / water slurry using heat exchangers and / or other techniques. from heated water, bio-crude oil, and / or biofuels from other processing methods for Heat from the DP can be transferred to the DP from the DP and / or from other sources on the plan (see Figure 2). In this way, the temperature of the feedwater can be beneficially increased prior to desalination.

[0292] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2 or other illustrations relating to heat generation and / or transfer), heat is transferred from heated water, bio-crude, and / or biofuel generated from HTP and / or other process methods for processing biofuel, biomass, and / or biomass / water slurries, and from the biofuel using heat exchangers or other techniques. and / or other heat sources on the plan are transferred to the DP (see Figure 2). In this way the temperature of the feedwater can be beneficially increased prior to desalination.

[0293] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2 or other illustrations relating to heat generation and / or transfer, and / or FIG. 3), the saltwater BGU may be first used to generate biomass. After separating the biomass from the water, some or all of the water output is directed to the DP for desalination process (optionally in the HTP, other existing (Current and / or future developed biomass separation / purification methods may be utilized.) The biomass interacts with freshwater to extract organic material, nutrients, and / or Some minerals are removed, potentially resulting in more efficient desalination compared to normal brine. Also, the brine after HTP or similar process (if applicable) may be heated. This heat could potentially improve the efficiency of the desalination process.

[0294] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2, and / or FIG. 3, and / or other illustrations relating to heat generation and / or transfer), the discharge of the DP brine into the ocean and / or otherwise may involve the use of high salinity and / or high temperature brine. To reduce or eliminate environmental damage, it can be diluted with water output from the BGM and / or WWTP to lower its salinity as needed.

[0295] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2 or other illustrations relating to heat generation and / or transfer), the BBPP can sterilize and / or transfer heat from any source on the plan. Or it can be used for any other process that requires heat.

[0296] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2 or other illustrations of heat generation and / or transfer), waste heat from a thermal plant and / or other sources on the plant may be used to generate heat. The heat recovered from the biomass plant (e.g., Figure 2) can be used for air conditioning and / or cooling of buildings and / or refrigeration of biomass products, cooling of BGM (if beneficial), and / or other uses. Or it may be used to generate refrigeration.

[0297] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figures 1, 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat capture and / or transfer and / or water transfer), a bio After processing and / or purification of the mass, the biomass is extracted with the BGM effluent or biomass / water slurry. The water separated from the gas is used for cooling the thermal power plant and / or to recover heat for the plant. It can be used to

[0298] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 2, FIG. 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or descriptions relating to heat collection and / or transfer), heat that is a product of the HTP process (e.g., HTL) is The used bio-crude can be further refined while still including the heat from the HTP. For example, HTL can typically raise the temperature of the bio-crude to above about 350 degrees Celsius, which is Other HTP processes also use heated fuel. This cooked mixture is optionally dried (chemically or otherwise) and / or is treated to separate it from water and / or other components and then heated and potentially sent to refine all other resulting fuels that can be derived from the biomass in question. For example, most algal biomass that has undergone the HTP process can be used to produce the same fuels derived from petroleum (LPG, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel, heating oil, fuel oil, and / or bitumen). The heated bio-crude oil from the HTP can be used to convert it into refined fuel. This allows for the saving of energy required for additional refining of raw materials. The product gaseous fuel (e.g., CHG) is converted into heat (in the case of (sometimes mixed with steam via All heat used in purification can potentially be regenerated by the methods described herein and / or recycled back into the plant (see Figure 2).

[0299] In certain embodiments (e.g., those referenced in Figures 2, 3, 19, and / or 20), the designs and methods relate to a method for providing a working fluid (e.g., an aqueous fluid) to a thermal power plant while (concurrently) transferring primary process thermal energy and / or waste heat generated therefrom. The heat is then productively utilized in the process of refining the aqueous effluent or discharge of the biomass growth module (e.g., biomass serving as water, fuel, and / or working fluid). The discharge of the biomass growth module may be utilized in an open mechanical process, in which case the fresh portion of the discharge of the biomass growth module is used continuously as a working fluid, either partially or entirely (e.g., as an evaporation and / or turbine in a thermodynamic cycle). and to generate electricity in the rotating portion of the turbine, and as a result of such systems, partially or fully refined biomass and / or biofuel is removed from the water. and / or used as fuel in thermal power plants after optional additional processing Heat may be reclaimed from the working fluid and used (e.g., Fig. 2 above), and / or some or all of the water may be used in a thermal power plant, and / or water may be required. The materials may be reused in any other process that is suitable for the purpose (e.g., Figure 3 above). In embodiments, for generating electricity in thermal power plants and / or to synthesize biomass products. To achieve this, burning wet and / or dry biomass is an option. The biomass is dried in a drying module (consisting of a refinery and / or BPP) attached to the thermal plant and / or in a separate biomass drying facility by using waste heat and / or airflow from and / or to the thermal plant. Water captured from the drying process may be reinjected into the biomass growth module and / or other locations on the plan, and water captured from the drying process may be reinjected into the biomass growth module and / or other locations on the plan. The waste heat from the plant can be recovered and used in the plant (see Figure 2).

[0300] In certain embodiments, the system / grid 300 uses water for heat and / or cooling. As a transfer and / or storage mechanism, diluent, means of transferring waste to be treated, as a source of desalination / potable water and as source water for purification processes, and for transfer of heat / cooling; The water may be used for irrigation, firefighting, cleaning, washing, as a water body, as a substrate for biomass growth and transport, as a mode of transferring nutrients to the BGM, and / or for other uses described herein. The water may optionally be in fluid communication with any or all of the optional modules (e.g., primary modules, secondary modules, etc.) of a particular embodiment. For example, in a particular embodiment, purification and / or BPP 202 includes module 204, which is optional. The system may include any of the following: an HTP 204A, an anaerobic digester 204B, a supercritical fluid extraction unit 204C, and / or other separation processes of biomass and / or biofuel from water and processes known to those skilled in the art, and a biofuel / biomass drying unit 204D. Unit 202. The following modules are optionally in fluid communication with each other: The following may be present in the grid: thermal plants 222, refineries and / or BPPs 202, desalination units 214, BBPPs 207, and BGMs 212A. Fresh water sources 302 and / or salt water (e.g., seawater, brine, and / or brackish water) intakes 314 provide water to the grid. Downstream from the sources 302 are pretreatment modules. The pre-treatment module 304 and / or pre-heat / cool module 306 treat the water for use within the grid. Similarly, the pre-treatment module 318 and / or pre-heat / cool module 316 treat the water for use within the grid. One or more water utilization / reuse / treatment modules or facilities 310 serve to receive and / or provide the water that has optionally undergone treatment, and / or optionally mixed with other water streams, and / or the treated water for use or reuse to and / or from: thermal plant 222, BGM 212, refinery and / or BPP 202, desalination plant 214, BBPP (bottling / packaging facility) 207, waste receiving / recycling module 206, any heating and / or cooling process 334 and / or water storage facility 308, irrigation, fire water storage, fountains, lakes, cleaning 307, landfill 309, and / or for discharge 312. Finally, in an optional embodiment, a water distribution facility 310 may provide water for all modules, internally such as at the plant and / or externally such as where non-potable water is used, and / or for irrigation, fire fighting, fountains, lakes, cleaning 307, etc., and / or a means to pre-heat or pre-cool water by exposure to ambient temperature and / or sunlight in preparation for any process (e.g., pre-heating cold seawater before adding it to the BGM). Water will be provided as a measure to prevent infection. All water flows shown with lines and / or arrows are optional and may be managed. Optional managed water flows (lines and / or arrows shown in 300), water pre-heating / cooling 306, 318, pre-treatment 304, 318, water use / reuse / treatment / treatment / distribution 310, heating / cooling 334, water storage 308 and / or water use in another module (FIG. 3) may be realized using the methods described herein. Any of the methods shown and / or known to those skilled in the art may be employed. Any water source, water flow / communication / connections may be handled in a manner known to those skilled in the art prior to use in a particular process / module / unit. A "grid" in this document refers to one or more isolated water sources / flows / communications / connections of one or more modules. Connections between modules / subunits, subunits, components, technologies, and / or Figure 3 There may be one or more small closed systems between two or more components shown in the figure. or any source / flow / communication / connection of any process depicted. Other fields characterized in that they can be combined with other water sources and / or water flows in stages. For example: fresh and salt water streams may be kept separate in the area of ​​the grid that the selected module is involved in, potable water may be kept separate from other waters, waters of different temperatures may be kept separate and may exchange heat to heat or cool specific processes or modules to specific temperatures or may be combined to achieve temperatures required for specific processes, specific water streams may be kept separate from specific processes depicted and then later mixed for desired salinity, temperature, and / or other reasons. do. The modules and specific technology types shown in the figures are exemplary and may be optional, and all illustrated modules and / or technology types and / or communications with the grid may only be present in certain embodiments of the plan.

[0301] A system configured to utilize and regenerate water from one or more modules configured to utilize water, characterized in that the water is provided to and / or regenerated from the following components:

[0302] a) fresh water source;

[0303] b) a freshwater pretreatment module;

[0304] c) Salt water intake;

[0305] d) a saltwater pretreatment module;

[0306] e) Preheat / cool module;

[0307] f) Water storage module;

[0308] g) irrigation;

[0309] h) fire department;

[0310] i) fountain;

[0311] j) lake

[0312] k) cleaning,

[0313] l) BGM,

[0314] m) Conventional WWTP modules;

[0315] n) a purification module;

[0316] o) BPP module;

[0317] p) preheating and / or cooling;

[0318] q) Recycling module

[0319] r) Waste Receiving Module

[0320] s) BBPP module;

[0321] t) a desalination module;

[0322] u) Water for discharge / export;

[0323] v) Processing and / or treatment modules; and / or

[0324] w) Thermal plant module.

[0325] With reference to Table 2,

[0326] Referring to FIG. 3, the disclosed embodiment utilizes water, and An embodiment encompasses a system 300 configured to reclaim water from one or more modules configured to reclaim water from the following components, characterized in that water is provided to and / or reclaimed from the following components: fresh water source 302, fresh water pre-treatment module 304, salt water intake 314, salt water pre-treatment module 318, pre-heat / cool modules 306, 316, water storage module 308, irrigation 307, firefighting 307, fountain 307, lake 307, cleaning 307, BGM 212, conventional WWTP module 309, and / or a combination of these modules. 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, heating / cooling for the plant 334, recycle module 206, waste receiving module 206, BBPP module 207, desalination module 214, water for discharge / export 312, treatment and / or processing module 310, and / or thermal plant module 222.

[0327] Certain embodiments include a fresh water source 302, a fresh water pretreatment module 304, a salt water intake 314, a salt water pretreatment module 306, and a salt water pretreatment module 308. treatment module 318, preheat / cool module 306, 316, water storage module 308, irrigation 307, firefighting 307, fountain 307, lake 307, cleaning 307, BGM 212, conventional WWTP module 212, purification module There are embodiments encompassing the aforementioned systems, characterized in that the water provided to and / or reclaimed from the BPP module 202, the BPP module 202, the heating / cooling for the plant 334, the recycle module 206, the waste receiving module 206, the BBPP module 207, the desalination module 214, the water for discharge / export 312, the treatment and / or treatment module 310, and / or the thermal plant module 222 is mixed with water from the following components: the freshwater source 302, the freshwater pretreatment module 304, the saltwater intake 314, the saltwater pretreatment module 318, the preheat / cooling module 320, the saltwater pretreatment module 322, the saltwater pretreatment module 324, the saltwater pretreatment module 326, the saltwater pretreatment module 328 ... Modules 306, 316, water storage module 308, irrigation 307, firefighting 307, fountain 307, lake 307, cleaning 307, BGM 212, conventional WWTP module 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, heating / cooling for the plan 334, recycle module 206, waste receiving module 206, BBPP module 207, desalination module 214, water for discharge / export 312, treatment and / or treatment module 310, and / or thermal plant module 222, and / or mixing with any other water source at any stage of any process shown.

[0328] In certain embodiments, the water of interest is passed through conduits to a freshwater source 302, a freshwater pretreatment module 304, a saltwater intake 314, a saltwater pretreatment module 318, preheat / cool modules 306, 316, a water storage module 318, and a water storage module 318. Module 308, Irrigation 307, Firefighting 307, Fountain 307, Lake 307, Cleaning 307, BGM 212, Traditional WWTP Module 212, Purification Module 202, BPP Module 202, Heating / Cooling for this Plan 334, Recycle Module 206, Waste Receiving Module 206, BBPP Module 207, Desalination Module 214, the discharge / export water 312, the treatment and / or processing module 310, and / or the thermal plant module 222, and the water conduit is shared by two or more water lines. and wherein the water is salt water, brine water, brackish water, fresh water, wastewater, grey water, and / or drinking water. .

[0329] In certain embodiments, the conduits may include a saltwater intake 214, a saltwater BGU comprised of a BGM / WWTP module 212, a desalination module 214, a heating / cooling module 334, a saltwater cooling system used in the plan (e.g., FIG. 2), a discharge / export module 312, and / or other saltwater cooling modules used in the system or plan (e.g., FIG. 3). There are embodiments encompassing the aforementioned systems that are characterized as being in operative communication with a module.

[0330] In certain embodiments, the conduits include separate conduits for salt water, brackish water, and / or brine water. In one embodiment, the system includes a water line.

[0331] In certain embodiments, the conduits may be connected to a freshwater source 302, a freshwater BGU comprising the BGM / WWTP module 212, a WWTGU comprising the BGM / WWTP module 212, a freshwater cooling system used in the plan (e.g., FIG. 2), a discharge / export module 312, and / or other freshwater cooling systems used in the system or plan (e.g., FIG. 3). There are embodiments encompassing the above-described system that is characterized as being in operative communication with a water module.

[0332] In certain embodiments, the conduits include separate conduits for fresh water, drinking water, wastewater, and / or brackish water. There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned systems, characterized in that they have water lines.

[0333] Referring to FIG. 3, certain embodiments of the present disclosure include a method for utilizing and reclaiming water. In one embodiment, the method includes transferring water from a particular module to another module, utilizing some or all of the water in the "other module" for work, and optionally transferring water not utilized for work from the "other module" to the original module, and the water is provided to and / or used by a subsequent component. The system is characterized by the following: freshwater source 302, freshwater pretreatment module 304, saltwater intake 314, saltwater pretreatment module 318, preheat / cool modules 306, 316, water storage module 308, irrigation 307, firefighting module 307, fountain 307, lake 307, cleaning 307, BGM 212, conventional WWTP module 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, heating / cooling for the plant 334, recycling module 206, waste receiving module 206, BBPP module 207, desalination module 214, water for discharge / export 312, treatment and / or treatment module 310, and / or or thermal plant module 222.

[0334] Certain embodiments include a fresh water source 302, a fresh water pretreatment module 304, a salt water intake 314, a salt water pretreatment module 306, and a salt water pretreatment module 308. There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned systems, characterized in that the water provided to and / or reclaimed from the treatment and / or treatment module 318, preheat / cool modules 306, 316, water storage module 308, irrigation 307, firefighting 307, fountain 307, lake 307, cleaning 307, BGM 212, conventional WWTP module 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, heating / cooling for the plant 334, recycle module 206, waste receiving module 206, BBPP module 207, desalination module 214, water for discharge / export 312, treatment and / or treatment module 310, and / or thermal plant module 222 is mixed with water from the following components: freshwater source 302, freshwater pretreatment module 304, saltwater intake 314, saltwater pretreatment module 318, preheat / cool module 306, 316, water storage module 308, irrigation 307, firefighting 307, fountain 307, lake 307, cleaning 307, BGM 212, conventional WWTP module 212, purification module 202, BPP module 202, heating / cooling for the plant 334, recycle module 206, waste receiving module 206, BBPP module 207, desalination module 214, water for discharge / export 312, treatment and / or treatment module 310, and / or thermal plant module 222. Module 306, 316, Water Storage Module 308, Irrigation 307, Firefighting 307, Fountain 307, Lake 307, Cleaning 307, BGM 212, Traditional WWTP Module 212, Purification Module 202, BPP Module 202, Heating / Cooling for the Plan 334, Recycle Module 206, Waste Receiving Module 206, BBPP Module 207, Desalination Module 214, Water for Discharge / Export 312, Treatment and / or may be mixed with any other water source at any stage of the treatment module 310, and / or thermal plant module 222, and / or any process shown.

[0335] In certain embodiments, the water of interest is passed through conduits to a freshwater source 302, a freshwater pretreatment module 304, a saltwater intake 314, a saltwater pretreatment module 318, preheat / cool modules 306, 316, a water storage module 318, and a water storage module 318. Module 308, Irrigation 307, Firefighting 307, Fountain 307, Lake 307, Cleaning 307, BGM 212, Traditional WWTP Module 212, Purification Module 202, BPP Module 202, Heating / Cooling for this Plan 334, Recycle Module 206, Waste Receiving Module 206, BBPP Module 207, Desalination Module In some embodiments, the water conduit is shared by two or more water lines, and the water is salt water, brine water, brackish water, fresh water, wastewater, grey water, and / or drinking water, and the water conduit is provided to and / or reclaimed from the modules of the power plant module 214, the discharge / export water 312, the treatment and / or processing module 310, and / or the thermal plant module 222.

[0336] In certain embodiments, the conduits in question are the saltwater intake 214, the saltwater BGU comprised of the BGM / WWTP module 212, the desalination module 214, and the saltwater cooling module 216 used in the plan (e.g., FIG. 2). system, the emission / export module 312, and / or the system or plan (e.g., Figure 3) There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned methods.

[0337] In certain embodiments, the conduits include separate conduits for salt water, brackish water, and / or brine water. There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned methods, characterized in that the water line is provided.

[0338] In certain embodiments, the conduit includes a fresh water source 302, a fresh water BGU comprised of a BGM / WWTP module 212, a WWTBGU comprised of a BGM / WWTP module 212, and a WWTP module 212. , heating / cooling module 334, which is used in the present plan (e.g., FIG. 2). The fresh water cooling system, the discharge / export module 312, and / or the system or Operate and communicate with other freshwater modules used in the plan (e.g., Figure 3) There are embodiments encompassing the aforementioned method characterized by:

[0339] In certain embodiments, the conduits include separate conduits for fresh water, drinking water, wastewater, and / or brackish water. There are embodiments encompassing the above-mentioned methods, characterized in that the water line is provided.

[0340] In one or more specific embodiments (FIGS. 7A, 7B, and / or 3), the water that is the substrate for any of the above processes may be used for any of the uses required by the plan, including as a source of water for BGM, cooling the thermal power plant, and as brine for the optional desalination system. The heat may be recycled, including to dilute emissions and / or for other uses (see FIG. 2). Heat exchangers and / or other known techniques may be used to transfer heat from any system on the plan to another system.

[0341] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figs. 2, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat capture and / or transfer, and / or Fig. 3 and / or water utilization and / or (or other diagrams and / or explanations of the movement) It is possible to use cooling water from the source, and the water can be directed to optional primary treatment (from module 104 in FIG. 1) and then directly used as source water in the BGM. It may be mixed with other water sources and used as a water source in BGM, or simply as BGM and / or In any of these or other methods disclosed herein, the temperature of the BGM is controlled by the temperature of the water from the thermal plant. can be used in conjunction with runoff and other water sources to regulate directly and / or indirectly Gas and / or other fluid outflows from thermal plants may also be utilized in conjunction with other heat sources to regulate the temperature of the BGM and / or other components of the plant (e.g. , Figures 7A, 7B, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, and / or 12E). When cooling is required, any of the above heat sources can be utilized to generate cogeneration cooling and provide it to the plant (see Figure 2). Cut.

[0342] In one or more particular embodiments (FIGS. 2, 3, 6, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat collection and / or transfer), a particular BGM and / or its components may be used. components, and / or water transfer, specific BGM, specific BGU, specific BGU subunits, and / or any other BGU components to provide cooling or, optionally, to capture waste heat from the thermal plant and / or to provide heat. a pool supplied by a water source (from on-site and / or off-site); partially or wholly immersed in other containers, bodies of water, and / or streams of water; Here, the temperature of the BGM is adjusted by contact with a hot or cold water source. Heated and / or cooled air and / or other fluids (e.g., from a thermal plant and / or other modules) may be filled into a container configured to contact or partially or totally surround the BGM, a particular BGU, and / or any components thereof to transfer heat and / or cooling. Heat and / or Cooling may be provided 234 by an off-site source 228, which optionally includes a supply of water from an off-site source, including a fresh water source 302, a salt water intake 314, and / or other heat and / or cooling sources generated off-site in gaseous and / or liquid form. To encompass.

[0343] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3 ), a fresh water source 302 and / or Water Intake (Brine) 314 is the water intake for cooling any process on this plan. The saltwater intake can be used as a cooling source, in which case it may be useful for cooling since the intake from the ocean (especially in the case of deep ocean water intake) may be much colder than the ambient temperature on land. In certain embodiments, the saltwater intake can be used to regulate the temperature of the SWBGU and / or BWBGU in hot climates. In certain embodiments, the saltwater from the intake may be used as source water either directly or in combination with other water sources to fill the pool and / or other structure surrounding the BGU or BGU components, with the ultimate goal of providing cooling. and / or availability of temperature control (especially in hot climates). and / or other cooling applications, decorative applications, and / or heat and / or cold applications. After other uses for the transfer of cooling water (including potential heat transfer from thermal power plants to the plant), the water is directed to the DP for desalination and / or other processes requiring relatively hot water. Thus, water and / or cooling may be required for the rare The process will raise the temperature of the brine and save energy in the desalination process and / or other processes on the plan that require relatively hot water. The need for ghee decreases.

[0344] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), hydrothermal treatment (e.g., FIG. 1), and / or Following other processes (e.g., harvesting biomass material from the biomass growth module effluent stream), the water may be subjected to subsequent purification filters, ultraviolet light, tertiary wastewater treatment (e.g., if the wastewater is to be utilized for BGM), and / or other water treatment methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art before being used for other desired uses. Water treated through the system and / or optional subsequent purification steps may be used, for example, as a drinking water stream. The water can then be refined for various uses, including release to the environment and reuse in any application where water is needed under the disclosed plan (see Figure 3).

[0345] In certain embodiments (see, for example, FIG. 3), an unexpected advantage is that the WWTP ( (or multiple) and / or the interaction between the WWTBGU(s) and the remainder of the Plan. Optional wash water and / or overflow water and / or biomass from water bottling / biomass product bottling / packaging plants can be sent to WWTP / WWTBGU for treatment, water reclamation. A part or the whole of the wastewater (water for cooling and heat capture of the thermal plant) from all other plants on the plan will be sent directly to the WWTP / WWTBGU or treated and then sent to the thermal plant, observing the tolerances of the thermal plant cooling system. The runt can be sent to a runt cooling system and heat collection.

[0346] In certain embodiments (e.g., those shown in FIG. 3 and / or other embodiments relating to water use in the present plan), the present disclosure provides a method for minimizing CO2 emissions, generating electricity, and generating biomass. The invention relates to an integrated approach to fuel production, efficient use of heat and water, and in certain embodiments, production of non-fuel products from biomass, and / or wastewater treatment and / or waste to energy. In various embodiments, various other sources and combinations are proposed to produce biomass and / or biofuels and reduce CO2 while conserving water and thermal energy.

[0347] In certain embodiments, one or more water sources may be proposed for biomass growth, where water may be wastewater, salt water, brackish water, purified water, potable water, non-potable water, and / or the like. Alternatively, brine can be used. The carbon content in the water can be less than 1% to 15% by weight. There is a saying.

[0348] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3 and / or FIG. 14), the SWBGU can utilize regular salt water, such as seawater, and / or can utilize a brine discharge for biomass growth. The nutrients, minerals, and biological materials are often released from the SWBGU after treatment. It has a lower content of iron, manganese, and / or other chemicals than seawater, which makes it This could potentially allow for a greater variety of biomass products, salts, and / or other products to be produced from the brine, and / or the same products to be produced more efficiently (and more easily isolated from contaminants).

[0349] In one or more specific embodiments (FIG. 3), the BWBGU can be implemented using any mixture of freshwater and / or saltwater sources, with the water source options being: As an option, any wastewater, salt water, brine water, (e.g., from an optional desalination plant), non-wastewater, and / or other water sources can be utilized. Although this may have the combined effect of a system that generally utilizes the same water source, the resulting brackish water discharge may be discharged as in a desalination plant, utilized to dilute the brine discharge, and / or reused in a manner appropriate for cooling and / or other uses (as in a treated wastewater system) depending on the resulting salinity. If the resulting discharge cannot be utilized in any way, it may be discharged to the sea and / or to other saline water treatment plants. It can be released by fractional methods.

[0350] In one or more specific embodiments (FIGS. 1 and / or 3), desalinated water can be produced by various processes known in the art during the treatment of the water in the BGM and / or subsequent purification steps of the BGM effluent in the plant.

[0351] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), certain saltwater bioreactors generate water by evaporation. The biofuel may be mixed with desalinated water to produce biofuel, which may then be used for biofuel production if required. After separation from the fuel, the SWBGU becomes drinking water. In certain embodiments, the SWBGU is Instead of, or to complement, desalination technologies, the plan may produce desalination drinking water. The brine produced by such a system may be treated in other desalination techniques as described herein.

[0352] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), after desalting, the desalting plate Brine discharges from the plant may be treated using wastewater, fresh water, salt water, and / or other water sources. The mixed water substrate is then used in the BGM to grow biomass. In this embodiment, the BGM can be used only with wastewater and / or other fresh water. In the former case, the BGM water release is followed by the brine release, which increases the availability of water. It is usually mixed with the discharged water to dilute it and release it into the sea. The use of concentrated water also allows for the use of biomass growth systems developed to operate in saltwater, and in the case of a mixture of brine water and wastewater, the mixture provides a richer source of nutrients than would be possible if saltwater alone were used, leading to more efficient biomass growth (and treatment of the wastewater).

[0353] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), thermal power plant wastewater (option as an alternative, after heat recovery) is directed towards WWTP and / or WWTBGU. There are times when this happens.

[0354] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3 and / or FIG. 1), any other The wastewater source is first directed to primary treatment (as shown in module 104 on Figure 1) and / or They are then directed to the WWTP and / or WWTBGU.

[0355] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3 and / or FIG. 24H), the The run will use solar thermal energy to preheat seawater for desalination, to preheat BGM output for HTP, to generate electricity, and / or to provide heat to applications where heat is needed in the plan. Technologies (e.g., solar troughs) can be employed (e.g., Figure 3). If used, there is a possibility of sharing the steam turbine with an existing one on a thermal plant.

[0356] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), an optional dechlorination module The desalinated water from the reactor is used for the combustion turbine (CT) and / or other thermal plant systems. of diesel and / or other fuels to reduce the combustion temperature and / or its NOx emissions. In one or more specific embodiments, demineralized water from the optional demineralization plant may be used for small amounts of water required for CT inlet cooling, NOx injection water, and / or drinking water, and / or for similar uses in other thermal plant electricity generation. Sometimes it can be allocated.

[0357] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 3), a thermal power plant A part (major part) of the wastewater discharged from the plant (after heat utilization and / or recovery) is 1) for further treatment (as in module 104 on FIG. 1) and then for treatment in the WWTP and / or WWTBGU. Depending on the level of contamination in the wastewater, some thermal plant wastewaters are used to dilute the brine discharges of desalination plants without additional treatment to reduce the environmental impact of the brine. Storm water runoff may be sent to a storm water pond, or if it contains oil, it may first be subjected to an oil / water separator and then sent to a storm water pond. This wastewater may then be directed to primary treatment (as in module 104 on Figure 1) and then to a WWTP and / or WWTBGU. Chemical Cleaning Wastewater and / or other wastewater undergoing other chemical treatment shall be controlled and tested on-site. If the substance is found to be non-hazardous by the judgment of a person of ordinary skill in the art, it is considered to be non-hazardous. The wastewater may be directed to the WWTP and / or WWTBGU (together with other wastewaters) or to steam ponds, if appropriate.

[0358] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), cellulosic ethanol, butanol, and The water required for the isobutanol process can be introduced from any source on the plan as shown in FIG.

[0359] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3 and / or FIG. 24K), the DP block Sea salt can be produced from the line discharge and sold off-site. In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), the DP desalinated water can be used in any technical on-board thermal plant. The desired use of the technology or system (e.g., combustion turbines and / or other systems) In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), the DP desalinated water (with mineral return) can be provided for a suitable utilization (e.g., thermal power plant). combustion turbines, and / or other systems). It is.

[0360] In one or more specific embodiments (FIG. 3 and / or FIG. 24A), the DP may share an intake with the SWBGU, a saltwater cooling source for the thermal plan (if required), or these modules / uses for saltwater may utilize separate intakes. The intake of each source / source (in the case of separate intakes) or the combined intake (in the case of combined intakes) (if applicable) wastewater treatment plant, BGM, and / or brine discharge discharge and some piping and / or or other facilities may be shared. In certain embodiments, the intake can be used as a cooling source for any process on the plan, in this case an intake from the ocean (especially in the case of deep ocean intakes) can be useful for cooling as it should be much cooler than the ambient temperature on land. In certain embodiments, the saltwater intake water can be used as a water source to regulate the temperature of the SWBGU and / or BWBGU in hot climates. In certain embodiments, the saltwater from the intake is used as a pool and / or may be filled in other structures surrounding the BGU and / or BGU components, The ultimate goal is to provide cooling and / or temperature regulation (especially in hot climates). After such use, and / or for other cooling uses, decorative uses, and / or other uses involving the transfer of heat and / or cooling (potentially from thermal plants to the project) After the desalination step (including heat transfer), the water may be directed to the DP for desalination. Thus, water and / or cooling is provided to the desired uses on the plan (see Figures 2 and 3), and In the process, the temperature of the brine is increased and the energy requirements for the desalination process are reduced.

[0361] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), BGM and / or WWTP The reuse of these waters is different from the use of DP desalination waters in the plan for irrigation of rural landscapes, firefighting, water bodies, fountains, lakes, industrial cooling (including cooling in thermal power plants), and / or other uses. This will greatly reduce the need for desalinated water and therefore the power requirements of the plan. Just more piping will be required. Where feasible, the brine, or reclaimed wastewater and / or brine mixed with BGM, WWTP and / or other original water sources, will be used for the following purposes: Water cooling. , firefighting water supply, water bodies, fountains, lakes, and / or reclaimed water from BGM and / or WWTP and / or other uses for storing DP desalinated water in the Plan. Use as cooling water. Where possible (e.g. for certain technologies), salt water should be added to thermal plans and / or other is used to directly and / or indirectly (by heat exchange) cool a heat source; and The water may be directed to the DP for desalination. In this way, the relatively high temperature water is easier to desalinate, thus saving on the energy required for the DP. Any treatment of the water supply may be performed by the thermal plant and / or any other modules and / or processes on the plan. This can be done according to techniques known in the art, before or after use in the device.

[0362] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), the HTP bleed water is used partially or entirely for the BGU. This water source may contain relatively high levels of carbon and / or other materials remaining after HTP (in this respect, purification may be required and / or (This is not different from wastewater that facilitates biomass growth or bioremediation.) In this case, the water sources may be saline, freshwater, and / or any of the water sources covered in this document that are available for BGUs and that are also HTPs. Other waters undergoing treatment can be used. Carbon residues in water and / or The synergistic effect of BGU utilizing HTP wastewater in addition to treatment of water with other substances (if any) is It may be the same as the source water used in the process.

[0363] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), the HTP wastewater may be treated in a similar manner as the BGM effluent 117. Due to the relatively high carbon content, a concentrated carbon stream may be made available, which may be mixed with the BGM effluent and / or may be subjected to whatever treatment steps the BGM effluent 117 was otherwise subjected to.

[0364] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), the reverse osmosis desalination process To achieve this, Clean In Place (CIP) cycles should be used where necessary. Thus, the DP membrane can be washed (filtration based processes only). In certain embodiments, waste from this process may be dumped into the WWTP and / or BGM.

[0365] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), treated wastewater from the WWTP and / or BGM is used to treat the brine discharge of the DP plant to reduce or eliminate its environmental impact. A deep sea diffuser brine discharge discharge may be used. When using a deep sea diffuser brine discharge discharge, a salinity of 5% above natural salinity is generally acceptable. However, with fresh water dilution, the salinity can be reduced in the pipe to match the natural or acceptable salinity, and discharged closer to shore than out to sea. Thus, the infrastructure costs required for deep sea discharge are eliminated. Seawater salinity is typically 3%-5%, and the discharge rate (brine discharge as a percentage of the initial intake) of a typical reverse osmosis desalination plant is typically around 50%. In a specific embodiment, the following formula is used to calculate the brine discharge: The degree of dilution required to restore the target salinity can be calculated: B V B + S D V D = S T (V B +V D ). where: S B = salinity of the brine, V B = volume of brine, S D = salt concentration of diluent, V D = volume of diluent, S T = target salinity

[0366] In one or more particular embodiments, the BGM and / or WWTP dilution can be utilized as follows: WWBGU, FWBGU and / or WWTP are water sources with a salinity of 0.5%; Assuming a salinity of 4.5% and a release rate of 50% desalination, the discharge near the coast was When applying the above formula for discharge, one liter of brine discharge must be diluted with approximately 1.125 liters of BGU and / or WWTP discharge to reach its original salinity. In the case of deep sea discharge, it takes about 1.012 liters of water per liter of discharged brine to reach a level where the brine exceeds its original salinity by 5% (the appropriate salinity for discharge). Brine discharges must also be diluted with saline water from salt water BGUs and / or brackish water BGUs and / or other sources of saline water on the Plan and / or with WWTP discharges. In certain embodiments, any of the water sources on the plan (with or without blending with BGU and / or WWTP effluent (FIG. 3)) can be used to reach the target salinity of the desalination plant brine effluent. In an embodiment, the water source for dilution is strategically selected and / or mixed, and the resulting As a result, water that is most valuable to the Plan and / or society is conserved as much as possible, and low value water is used. Water (e.g., treated wastewater, brackish water) can be provided for dilution. In one or more particular embodiments, if there are multiple dilution water sources available, the above formula may be modified to calculate the amount of each dilution water source to be mixed to reach the target salinity:

[0367] S B V B + (S D1 V D1 + S D2 V D2 + S D3 V D3 ... ) = S T (V B + V D1 + V D2 + V D3 ... ), where:

[0368] The numbers represent different dilution water sources. As many dilution water sources as available can be added in the same way (noted as ". . ." above). In one or more specific embodiments, the disclosed The proposed plan involves planning and / or systematically mixing various water sources with the objective of achieving the salinity levels described above by utilizing the formula. This process and method may be employed to dilute the brine to a salinity that is the same or close to the natural salinity for near shore discharge, a salinity suitable for deep ocean discharge, or a salinity suitable for ocean discharge somewhere between these two values. In certain embodiments, after optional heat recovery to the plan, the brine may still be heated due to processing by desalination and / or other reasons. If the temperature of the brine is deemed to be a local environmental or legal hazard, a dilution plan may be implemented with calculations and special dilution water sources to adjust the temperature of the brine discharge to an appropriate level. As known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the actual values ​​will vary depending on the discharge design, site characteristics, and / or other considerations. Further mathematical and / or physical modelling and / or other studies based on the terms need to be carried out.

[0369] In one or more particular embodiments (eg, FIG. 3), the wastewater may be directed toward a WWTP and / or a WWTBGU.

[0370] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), any on-site module Wastewater from the facility and / or off-site sources may be directed towards the WWTP and / or WWTBGU.

[0371] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3), water is used as part of the plan. A bottling / biomass product bottling / packaging plant (BBPP) may be added. In one or more particular embodiments, one or more components within the BBPP may be used (e.g., bottling only, biomass bottling only, and / or other biomass). (Packaging only). A water bottling line may be used to bottle the treated drinking water produced by the DP.

[0372] DP Brine Discharge Technology: Seawater Brine Discharge - Discharge into the sea or other body of water: Specific In an embodiment (e.g., FIG. 3 and / or FIG. 24A), the DP brine discharge effluent is Share some piping and / or other equipment with the discharge and / or use the same piping and / or In certain embodiments, the brine may be ZSD (Zero Discharged). In certain embodiments, the brine may be released underground and / or by other means known to those of ordinary skill in the art. This can be done.

[0373] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 3 and / or FIG. 24A), The SWBGU is equipped with an optional desalination plant and, for example, sea water intake, pumps, pipes, heat May share infrastructure such as water use, water utilization, and / or discharge In certain embodiments, the SWBGU may have separate access to brine from a desalination plant. may receive brine from a desalination plant as a water source; and / or Output may be diverted to a desalination plant (see desalination plant for an explanation).

[0374] In one or more specific embodiments (FIG. 3 and / or FIG. 24A), the DP is responsible for the SWBGU, the saltwater cooling source for the thermal plan (if required), and the intake and / or distribution throughout the plan. These modules / applications for salt water may share piping and may require separate installation. The input of each of these modules / sources (independent inputs) The combined intake (if combined intake) may share some piping and / or other facilities with the wastewater treatment plant, BGM, and / or brine discharge discharge. In certain embodiments, the intake can be used as a cooling source for any process on the plan, in which case the ocean intake (especially in the case of deep ocean water intakes) can be useful for cooling as it can be much colder than the ambient temperature on land. In certain embodiments, the saltwater intake water can be used to regulate the temperature of the SWBGU and / or BWBGU in hot climates. In certain embodiments, saltwater from the intake may be filled into pools and / or other structures surrounding the BGU and / or BGU components, with the ultimate purpose being to provide cooling and / or temperature regulation ( (especially in hot climates). After such applications, and / or other cooling, decorative, and / or other uses for the transfer of heat and / or cooling (including potential heat transfer from thermal plants to the Plan), the water may be directed to the DP for desalination. In this way, the water and / or cooling is provided to the desired uses on the Plan (see Figures 2 and 3). and in the process, the temperature of the brine is increased and the energy requirements in the desalination process are reduced.

[0375] In certain embodiments (FIGS. 3 and / or 24B), biomimetics is used as described herein. HTP modules or units and / or similar methods that can be used to treat biomass can also be employed as a means of converting waste to energy. HTP and / or equivalent technologies known to those of ordinary skill in the art can be used to convert a wide variety of organic materials to produce bio-crude oil. HTP modules, units, or equivalent treatment systems set up for biomass are currently used to treat solid waste. The HTL is a unique part of the PNNL process. This may be carried out according to WO 2013 / 184317A1 (see FIG. 9). It is also possible to use a modified version of HTP or any other similar process suitable for the purpose.

[0376] With reference to FIG. 1, the present disclosure integrates various facilities, but in some cases generally Facilities that are not associated with, in operation communication with, and / or located adjacent to ,For example: thermal power plants, biomass growth modules, refineries, downstream processing plants (BPPs), They may also integrate with a product packaging facility (BBPP), and processes that generate electricity, fuel, and products, as well as processes that recycle waste heat, water, carbon dioxide, air and other gases, pressure, waste-based biomass, solvents, and other materials. Optional technologies may be added to this design in Figure 1 to increase the Techniques may be featured in this book.

[0377] In certain embodiments, and with reference to FIG. 4, the present disclosure provides a method for producing a fuel and / or other product, abatement of CO2 and other emissions, and the use of a process for carrying out these critical processes. The concept of water conservation is about innovative methods and designs to conserve water and energy for the environment. The methods and plans can be adapted to the local terrain, available resources, and requirements.

[0378] In a particular embodiment 400, the plan and method is represented by thermal power plant 222 on FIG. The issue concerns minimizing CO2 emissions from significant sources of CO2, including hydrocarbons. Natural combustion thermal power plants, waste-to-energy plants and / or other thermal plant technologies that generate CO2 (optionally including industrial plants, e.g. cement industry), and / or This may include refineries and / or BPPs 202, sludge treatment module 404 (which may optionally be performed in primary treatment module 104 on FIG. 1), desalination module 214, optional landfill 309, other CO2 sources not included in the thermal plant such as WWTP 402, and / or other optional CO2 sources shown in FIG. 4. In certain embodiments, the percentage of carbon removed from the waste stream of the thermal plant and / or other CO2 sources and optionally incorporated into the aqueous effluent or discharge of the biomass growth module as biomass growth and / or utilized in other processes requiring carbon dioxide (e.g., FIG. 4) may be from about 30% to about 80%, alternatively from about 50% to about 100%, alternatively from about 75% to about 100%, alternatively from about 80% to about 100%, alternatively from about 80% to about 95% of the carbon in the waste stream.

[0379] In certain embodiments, the thermal power plant 222 and the biomass growth module 402 and / or other optional CO2 producers and / or users are located in the same location (e.g., within close proximity). ) and may be conveniently located to facilitate efficient transfer of CO2 to the biomass growth module 402. CO2 may be collected by pre-combustion capture, post-combustion, or oxy-fuel processes. By combustion capture, and / or any other process known to those skilled in the art. Carbon dioxide can also be captured from a thermal power plant 222. It can also be produced by the following systems: WWTP 402A, WWTP sludge treatment 404, biomass specific BGU types, biomass refining, cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol Nol, WWTP sludge, other organic sources, anaerobic digestion 204B, optional landfill 309, etc. process (e.g., Figure 4) and / or off-site sources. Associated gas from any source may optionally be purified before or after any of the processes in FIG. and / or by any means known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments (e.g., FIG. 4), carbon dioxide is delivered directly or indirectly to a For example, through a tube) in a biomass growth module, and / or To biomass growth modules, to biofuel refinery / separation plants for use in biomass refinery and / or separation technologies (including supercritical fluid extraction 204C), and / or to liquid carbon to a water bottling / biomass packaging plant 206 for use in oxidation (and / or for other uses) and / or to be treated as gas, compressed gas, liquids and / or solids (dry It may be stored as ice and / or sold off-site. The CO2 can be captured by Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and / or any other technology known to those skilled in the art and that may be beneficial in some cases (optionally included in the purification / treatment module of FIG. 4). In this way, by utilizing multiple sources and / or uses of CO2 at a single site, synergies between the systems are improved. Carbon dioxide is transported through blowers, tubing, spargers, and / or other equipment. Or it may be distributed to these systems by any other technique suitable for the purpose and known to those skilled in the art. With reference to Table 3, a system configured to utilize and regenerate carbon dioxide is This is a system characterized in that carbon dioxide is provided by: a) Thermal plant module; b) Sludge treatment module; c) Conventional WWTP module; d) a carbon dioxide storage module; e) Ambient carbon dioxide sources f) a purification module; g) a purification module; h) BPP module; i) a supercritical fluid extraction module; j) a gasification module; k) BGM, l) Cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module; m) Landfill module; and / or n) Sources external to the System (off-site)

[0380] Thus, the specific combinations listed in Table 3 may yield embodiments of the system. It is possible.

[0381] Thus, with respect to design 400, in certain embodiments, for example, refinery and / or BPP 202 may optionally include modules 204, the former optionally including any of the following: HTP 204A, anaerobic digester 204B, supercritical fluid extraction unit 204C, cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol 204D, and / or other suitable modules known to those of skill in the art. Other processes for biomass and / or biofuel processing that are being implemented 204E. The following modules and / or technologies that may be employed as options generate carbon dioxide and / or may release it after a reuse procedure in the grid: Thermal Power Plant 222, WWTP 402A, WWTP Sludge Treatment 404, certain BGU types included in the WWTP / BGM module 402, refineries and / or BPPs 202 (e.g., optional technologies such as Cellulosic Ethanol / Butanol / Isobutanol 204D, Anaerobic Digestor 204B, Supercritical Fluid Extraction 204C and / or Other Technologies 204E), Gasification Module 125, Optional Landfill 309, Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide storage 406, ambient carbon dioxide 414 and / or off-site source 412. Any of these sources may optionally include, for example, the following items: a module for handling carbon dioxide and / or may be in fluid communication with optional technologies implemented within the module (within the Plan): refinery and / or BPP 202, desalination unit 214, WWTP / BGM 402, BBPP 206, carbon dioxide storage 406. The WWTP / BGM 402 optionally includes a WWTP 402A and / or a wastewater treatment BGU 402B and / or a freshwater BGU 402C and / or a saltwater BGU (optionally including brine water) 402D and / or a brackish water BGU 402E. , mixed with other gases, particles, and / or other materials in the illustrated process. The wastewater (which may be wastewater) may be purified and / or otherwise treated at any stage of the process illustrated in FIG. 4 (as module 408). In certain embodiments, A portion of the carbon dioxide stream may be passed through the grid and / or the grid after optional purification / processing 408. Oxygen from the photosynthetic embodiment of any BGU may be transferred to the WWTP and / or non-photosynthetic BGUs. In an embodiment, carbon dioxide produced by thermal plant 222 and / or any other module may be transferred to any module of grid 400 as needed. For example, in certain embodiments, carbon dioxide can be The sludge can be transferred, with or without further purification / treatment, to an on-grid storage facility 406 and then sent to a carbon dioxide release and / or export facility 410. The sludge treatment unit 404 There is a possibility that BBPP (Bottled Water Unit) 206 will supply carbon dioxide to the grid. The carbon dioxide may be used to prepare pressurized carbonated drinking water. Phototrophic and / or mixotrophic BGUs (402B, 402, 402D, and / or 402E) operating in any of the waters described, or other waters, may use carbon dioxide from any source for biomass growth. In certain embodiments, the WWTP 402A may be used simultaneously with the BGM 402B. In this case, carbon dioxide from the WWTP 402A is delivered to one or more BGUs of 402B, 402C, 402D, 402E to facilitate biomass growth and / or one or more BGUs of 402B, 402C, 402D, 402E to facilitate bacterial decomposition of waste. Oxygen from the biomass may be transferred to the WWTP 402A. For example, metabolizing or releasing hydrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, and / or other gases Other biomass processes that serve to ferment and convert it into a different chemical structure are available as BGU. These systems may also receive carbon dioxide as a BGU.

[0382] Referring to Figure 4, the carbon dioxide flows shown as lines and arrows are optional and can be controlled. Optional controlled flow of carbon dioxide (lines and arrows on 300), Carbon dioxide storage 406 and the production of carbon dioxide in the modules and / or streams of FIG. The collection, transportation, processing, and / or management may be accomplished by any of the methods disclosed herein and / or other methods known to those skilled in the art. However, it is not necessarily a large-scale interconnected system. The term grid encompasses any combination of multiple individual carbon dioxide communication systems between any two or more modules. Thus, a grid can be any combination of the modules shown in FIG. The process may include one or more separate systems for delivering carbon dioxide in a subset of the processes shown. These systems may integrate or partially integrate the carbon dioxide stream at any stage of any of the processes shown.

[0383] In certain embodiments, water, aqueous solutions, steam, air, and / or other gases are The power plant 222 may provide heat to the biomass growth module 402 and / or other facilities. 402 to capture and / or distribute energy, pressure, and / or other energy to aid in refining, processing, and transporting the biomass and / or biofuel from the BGM 402 back to the thermal plant 222, to generate other products, and / or to support other processes described herein. It may be used for processes.

[0384] Referring to FIG. 4, the disclosed embodiment utilizes carbon dioxide and recycles it. An embodiment includes a system 400 configured to generate carbon dioxide. is provided by the following components: a thermal plant module 222; Sludge treatment module 404, conventional WWTP module 402A, carbon dioxide storage module 406, ambient carbon dioxide source 414, purification module 408, purification module 202, BPP module 202, Supercritical fluid extraction module 204C, gasification module 125, BGM402, cellulosic ethanol ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 204D, landfill module 309, and / or off-site sources 412. Certain embodiments may include a thermal module 222, a sludge treatment module 404 , conventional WWTP module 402A, carbon dioxide storage module 406, ambient carbon dioxide source 414, purification module 408, purification module 202, BPP module 202, supercritical fluid extraction module 204C, gasification module 125, BGM 402, cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol CO2 from the landfill module 204D, landfill module 309, and / or off-site source 412 It is noted that carbon may be optionally provided to the BGM 402, the purification module 202, the BPP module 202, the purification / treatment module 408, the carbon dioxide storage module 406, the BBPP module 206, the desalination module 214, and / or the release and / or export module 410. In certain embodiments, the oxygen produced in the BGM 402 is directed towards the conventional WWTP module 402A.

[0385] Referring to FIG. 4, the disclosed embodiment includes a thermal module 222, a sludge treatment module 404, a conventional WWTP module 402A, a carbon dioxide storage module 406, an ambient carbon dioxide source 414, a purification module 408, a purification module 202, a BPP module 202, a supercritical fluid extraction module 406, and a storage module 406. Joule 204C, Gasification Module 125, BGM402, Cellulosic Ethanol / Butanol / Ion sobutanol module 204D, landfill module 309, and / or off-site source 412 There are embodiments that encompass a method of utilizing and regenerating carbon dioxide, which comprises generating carbon dioxide in a thermal plant module 222, using the carbon dioxide in a generation module, and regenerating unused carbon dioxide and using or releasing it separately, characterized in that the carbon dioxide is generated or provided from the following components: , sludge treatment module 404, conventional WWTP module 402A, carbon dioxide storage module 406, ambient carbon dioxide source 414, purification module 408, purification module 202, BPP module 202 , supercritical fluid extraction module 204C, gasification module 125, BGM402, cellulosic ethanol ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module 204D, landfill module 309, and / or off-site source 412. Certain embodiments include a thermal module 222, a sludge treatment module 404, a conventional WWTP module 402A, a carbon dioxide storage module 406, an ambient carbon dioxide source 414, Purification module 408, purification module 202, BPP module 202, supercritical fluid extraction module 204C, gasification module 125, BGM 402, cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutano diacid from the reservoir module 204D, landfill module 309, and / or off-site source 412 The carbon dioxide may be optionally supplied to the BGM 402, the purification module 202, the BPP module 202, the purification / treatment module 408, the carbon dioxide storage module 406, the BBPP module 206, the desalination module 408 ... In certain embodiments, the oxygen produced in the BGM 402 is directed to the conventional WWTP module 402A.

[0386] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 4), carbon dioxide is directly or indirectly It may be conducted (e.g., guided through pipes): to a biomass growth module, and / or to a biomass growth module, to a biofuel refinery / separation plant for use in biomass refining and / or separation techniques (including supercritical fluid extraction), and / or to a water bottling / biomass packaging plant for use in carbonation of liquids (and / or for other uses), and / or stored as a gas, compressed gas, liquid and / or solid (dry ice), and / or sold commercially off-site.

[0387] In accordance with one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 4 and / or FIG. 2 or the generation of heat and In the case of natural gas (e.g., conventional fuel-burning fires), the plan reduces carbon dioxide emissions (e.g., conventional fuel-burning fires, from power plants) and / or use CO2 to reduce CO2 emissions from any source in BGM Additional energy can be generated from the coal fired power plant, which offers attractive synergies with off-site carbon dioxide producers. In certain embodiments, a local (possibly off-site) thermal plant (e.g., a coal-fired power plant or industrial plant) sends optionally pre-treated exhaust gas (flue gas) to the BGM, but the system is substantially completely coal fired. Providing electricity with zero or low carbon emissions, other emissions (SOx , NOx, particles, and / or metals) and as additional power and / or could enable the generation of BGM biofuel from emissions for export. In one or more particular embodiments, the Plan provides additional and / or additional technologies that may be utilized as thermal plant technology, as off-site thermal plants, and / or as additional non-thermal generation sources. and / or alternative sources of electricity generation include coal, fossil fuels, nuclear, solid fuels (petroleum coke, etc.) gas, biomass, etc.), wind, solar and / or photovoltaic, geothermal, hydroelectric, Hydroelectric, integrated heat and power, and / or other systems suitable for the purpose. Connecting these additional systems to the plan can provide the following and / or other benefits to the thermal plant (as described in this document for thermal plants and on a project-by-project basis): The benefits of using renewable energy in these areas (defined as renewable energy sources) may include: increased electricity production, reduction in carbon dioxide and / or other emissions from these plants in the BGM, and a source of cooling water from the WWTBGU and / or WWTP. provision of HTP, desalination, and heating for BGM, BGU, and / or components thereof, and / or heat capture for on-site heating as shown in Figure 2, and / or standby plant Lower margins.

[0388] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 4), carbon dioxide is added to the cellulose. Ethanol / butanol / isobutanol production stage and / or resulting fuel combustion The facility may be opened as part of the thermal plant activities planned for the project, and thus may be used to capture carbon dioxide and / or for other purposes under the project. The carbon dioxide sources and uses of other options in this plan are shown in Figure 4. This will be considered.

[0389] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 4 and / or other figures and / or illustrations of gas, heat, cooling, water, fuel, and / or any material flows), sensors and / or any flow controls may be used to control the carbon dioxide flow and / or other flows in the plan. These flows may be stored before being used for the applications described above (i.e., these flows may be stored overnight and transferred to the photosynthetic BGM during

[0390] In a non-limiting set of embodiments 500, with reference to FIG. ) may encompass one or more biomass growth units (BGUs). Multiple BGUs may be used separately or together, and may optionally share and / or exchange resources and / or flows from and / or to the BGU. For example, in a first embodiment in this regard, there is a fluid intake 501, a single BGU 502, and the fluid outflow 503 may be a first combination. The fluid intake 505, outflow / inflow 507, second BGU 506 and outflow 509 to one BGU 504 may be sequentially arranged in a second combination. In a third embodiment, the system may be comprised of n parallel BGUs, where n is a number between 2 and 30, or between 2 and 10, or between 2 and 5. For example, the fluid intake 511, the first BGU 508, and the outlet 513 may form a first series. In parallel with the first series, a fluid intake 515, a second BGU 510, and an outlet 517 form a second series. In the fourth embodiment, two parallel BGUs are connected to each other by fluid interaction. In some cases, the devices may be connected and in communication, for example, to manage inflows and outflows and / or to share various interests with each other, for example, sharing certain components, This will also result in controlled mixing of the various water bodies at a certain stage, and sharing of certain infrastructure. These benefits apply to any BGU configuration that communicates through hydrodynamic forces. The fluid intake 519, the first BGU 512, and the outlet 521 form a first series. The fluid intake 523, the second BGU 516, and the outlet 525 form a second series. The bridge element 514 connects the BGUs 512 and 516. In the fifth embodiment, the inlet 527 provides fluid to the first BGU 518. The outlet 520 provides fluid to the second BGU 522, and optionally also receives a fluid inlet 529. The outlet 531 may therefore be a single outlet for both BGUs. In this embodiment, an exemplary network-based configuration may be proposed. The first BGU provides fluid to the first BGU 524. The first BGU provides fluid outlets 535, 535A, and the second and third BGUs provide fluid outlets 535, 535B. The third BGU 528 provides a fluid outlet 539 to the second BGU 526 and a fluid outlet 541 to the fourth BGU 530. The second and fourth BGUs 526 and 530 are connected to the bridge element 527. The second BGU outlets via outlet 537. The fourth BGU outlets via outlet 543. The illustrated configuration is an example of the various BGUs in the BGM. The BGM can utilize any configuration and / or network of BGUs and can be configured to focus on specific BGU subunits or BGUs that contribute to the achievement of the intended purpose (biomass growth, support, separation, and / or pre-treatment). The inputs and / or outputs of other components may be included in the design.

[0391] With reference to FIG. 5, the disclosed embodiment includes a biomass growing system. Also included are embodiments that include a system 500 that includes a biomass growth module (BGM), where the BGM is configured to grow one or more biomass It is characterized by the inclusion of multiplication units: single type 502, double-continuous type 504, 506, double-continuous type Parallel 508, 510, dual-parallel-connected 512, 514, 516, serial-simple-network 518, 520, 522, and / or complex-network 524, 526, 528, 530. The aforementioned BGU is characterized in that one or more BGUs fall into any of the following categories: There are embodiments encompassing systems: autotrophic BGU, heterotrophic BGU, and / or mixed BGU. In certain embodiments, the BGU or BGUs may optionally be There are embodiments encompassing the aforementioned systems characterized in that they are capable of sharing and / or exchanging inputs and / or outputs including components: carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, nutrients, biomass, growth medium, solvents, carbon sources, nitrogen or other gases, and / or light sources 501, 503, 505, 507. , 509, 511, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 520, 527, 529, 531, 533, 535, 537, 535A, 539, 527, 541, 543.

[0392] Referring to FIG. 5, some embodiments of the present disclosure include a method of biomass growth comprising networking a set of biomass growth units in a biomass growth module (BGM), the set including: a single biomass growth unit 502; a dual, continuous biomass growth unit 503; In certain embodiments, a particular BGU or BGUs may include one or more of the following: a) a biomass growth unit 504, 506; a dual-parallel biomass growth unit 508, 510; a dual-parallel connected biomass growth unit 512, 514, 516; a series-simple-networked biomass growth unit 518, 520, 522; and / or a complex-networked biomass growth unit 524, 526, 528, 530. In some embodiments, the method may be characterized as operating in one or more of the following ways: autotrophically, heterotrophically, and / or mixotrophically. ... 503, 505, 507, 509, 511, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 520, 527, 529, 531, 533, 535, 537, 535A, 539, 527, 541, 543.

[0393] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 5), a biomass growth module A system may consist of multiple biomass growth units in any configuration, including, for example: parallel use and / or connection, or completely independent. Any number of units of the same and / or different BGUs comprised of the same components, any number of units of BGUs used and / or connected in series, any number of units of BGUs connected at any stage in the process, and / or multiple BGUs sharing non-common components and / or equipment, such as, for example, nutrient sources, stressing units, filtration units, milking units, holding tanks, piping, heat transfer equipment, carbon dioxide sources, extraction equipment, and / or other components, resources, and / or by-products on the Plan, such as, for example, carbon dioxide, heat, water, oxygen, growth medium, carbon sources, solvents, and / or other light organic matter (e.g., For example, volatile organic compounds such as C1-C10 hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, and acids ( its volatile compounds are characterized by being flammable), and / or biomass (See Figure 5 for a sample configuration.)

[0394] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figures 5 and / or 6), the various BGUs included in the BGM can operate autotrophically, heterotrophically, and / or mixotrophically (e.g., autotrophic BGUs exposed to the sun and heterotrophic BGUs in closed reactors) simultaneously throughout the day and / or at different times throughout the day, and / or exchange carbon dioxide and / or oxygen and / or other resources with controlled flows.

[0395] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6), one or more other embodiments The BGUs used in the embodiments and included in the BGM are open ponds, closed ponds, high rate ponds, waste stabilization ponds, any other ponds, and / or other bodies of water and / or parts thereof (open and / or closed to the environment), as well as any other open ponds suitable for biomass growth. and / or closed systems. BGUs are nutrient flow, water flow, external and / or Or for internal lighting, water jets, paddle wheels and / or other liquid movement and and / or mixing technology, gas supply technology for the supply of CO2 and / or other gases, and / or any of a wide range of techniques for improving biomass growth and / or processing. It may encompass technology.

[0396] Methods and systems for biomass propagation and / or plans derived therefrom In one or more embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6), a biomass growth module, which The specific BGUs constituting the BGU and / or the specific components constituting the BGU are Ground contact shape can be adjusted to suit local needs, taking into account stability and / or optimisation. and may be located partially or wholly below ground, in contact with water, or partially or wholly immersed in water. For example, in cold climate regions such as the Arctic / Antarctic, the biomass multiplication module or its components It may be desirable to place the BGU partially or wholly underground and / or in a container (e.g., a bioreactor) that contains water, air, and / or other fluids. To maintain a temperature beneficial to biomass growth, the soil, water, ambient air, and / or any other material (e.g., a suction cup) that contacts and / or flows into the BGU may be regulated by the temperature regulator. , source water) by thermal power plants (e.g., waste heat and / or Heating the BGM (using either heat from the source or primary process heat) is an option. In certain embodiments, the discharge from the BGM, piping, and / or other components on the plan may also be located partially or entirely underground. The BGM, BGM components, and / or the plan may be located underground. The soil in contact with other components on the plant is contaminated by coke from heat and / or thermal plants. The biomass may be heated and / or cooled by generation cooling and / or heat from other sources on the plan and / or other sources (e.g., geothermal (if available) and / or other sources). In certain embodiments, the BGM and / or any of its components may be designed to float on water, in which case the water is utilized to regulate the temperature and / or the movement (e.g., waves or currents) of the water in contact with the BGM components is utilized to mix the biomass and / or other elements contained in the BGM. In certain embodiments, the BGM may be in contact with water or partially or wholly submerged in water. In cases where water tanks, pools, and / or other water structures are generated in thermal power plants, may be used to contain the water, heat and / or cooling required for the and / or other heat sources on the plan (e.g., FIG. 2) may be dedicated to temperature regulation of the water structure to maintain an optimal temperature of the biomass growth module or its components. In certain embodiments, the biomass growth module may optionally or additionally include apparatus and / or structure for containing and controlling air flowing around the biomass growth module or its components, and for heating and / or cooling said air by using air, other gases, and / or steam to regulate the temperature of the biomass growth module or its components. Heating It is possible to use thermal plants and / or other sources on the plan to generate recycled air, other gases, and / or steam, and / or co-generation cooling air (e.g., waste heat and / or cooling in the air for greenhouses and other uses). (There is an option to move the background music towards other structures that contain it.) In certain embodiments, regulating the temperature of the BGM or a component thereof may include a heat exchanger. to exchangers, relocations, restructuring, covers, evaporation techniques, and / or biomass growth modules and / or any other suitable means and / or structures for transferring heat therefrom (means for conserving heat and / or dissipating or reducing excess heat) may be utilized. However, electricity generated preferably from thermal plants and / or other sources on the plan. Preference is given to methods that utilize heat and / or cooling and where the introduction and / or operation of such technology is practicable.

[0397] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6), the WWTBGU is used in conjunction with a WWTP. In some cases, it may be possible to utilize the system to reduce CO2 from WWTPs and / or provide O2 to WWTPs, achieving near zero carbon dioxide during wastewater treatment. Oxygen produced by WWTBGUs and / or other BGUs may also be captured and exported. , and can be sold commercially, injected into power plant combustion processes for NOx emissions, and / or for other uses as shown in FIG. 25.

[0398] With reference to FIG. 6, in the past, for example, a tube arrangement or a strictly photosynthetic pond system for algae was used. systems in which biomass is isolated in a single way, such as screening for algae, or systems in which biomass is processed in a single way, such as chemical extraction of oil, or systems based on other specific approaches to biomass growth and / or processing. Unlike technologies that rely on conventional biomass cultivation systems, the present disclosure incorporates a variety of techniques, methods, and techniques to provide a flexible biomass growth and / or processing method that can be adapted according to local constraints. The options and / or configurations are proposed in substantial form.

[0399] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6), oxygen from daytime photosynthesis in the BGM is stored and returned to the BGM for heterotrophic and / or mixotrophic growth processes at night. Similarly, carbon dioxide produced from heterotrophic growth processes may be stored at night and returned to the BGM for autotrophic biomass growth processes during the day.

[0400] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6), a supplemental nutrition supply line The In 620 can optionally use a drive device such as a variable speed pump from the nutrient source. The BGM can be used to control the amount of nutrients (e.g., nitrogen or phosphorus) supplied, but in reality, upon receiving input signals from water and / or biomass measurement and / or other parameter measurement devices, control signals are sent to the corresponding drive devices, which then operate the BGM. or result in the control of nutrient influx to that component. Such measurement devices can be configured to measure, for example, moisture content, biomass density, pH, temperature, and / or a variety of other factors of vital nutrients within the system. Every system on this plan requires the use of a system that supplies materials, adds heat and / or cooling. add or subtract carbon dioxide and / or other gases, or add any water. Sensors and / or automatic and / or manual valves and / or other flow controls to increase or decrease the flow rate and / or to meet the requirements of any system within the BGM. May be equipped with a speed control device.

[0401] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6), a biomass growth module The system may be configured with appropriate structures and / or control modules, hardware and / or software, e.g., to inject or release gases, liquids and / or solids as required to optimize The sensors may consist of valves to maintain optimal biomass growth. The sensors may detect specific conditions of the BGM and / or its components, atmosphere, and / or surrounding systems. They may be used to detect events and send specific signals to the control system, which may trigger an automatic response such as making adjustments to the BGM and / or support systems. For example, a specific sensor monitoring the temperature of a BGM component may It is possible to trigger an automatic response, such as releasing additional hot water into a pool or the like to regulate its temperature. This automatic system can be controlled by a computer. The computer software may utilize an adaptive control system.

[0402] In one or more specific embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6), oxygen and / or other gases released from the BGU are captured and / or stored and / or used to promote heterotrophic bacterial growth. The oxygen recovered from the BGU may be directed to use in the biomass breeding process, other processes that will benefit the plant, and / or sold commercially. In certain embodiments, oxygen recovered from the BGU may be partially or fully injected into the combustion process of a thermal power plant to reduce NOx emissions. It may be admitted.

[0403] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6), BGM only implements a single technical design. Instead, various BGUs utilizing a wide variety of bioreactors, tanks, ponds and their supporting subunits (Figure 6), other fit-for-purpose technology designs, and / or bioreactors may be used. Combination of any other technologies designed to grow and / or process biomass In some cases, they have also introduced

[0404] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6 or other figures relating to BGU and / or or description), in the vicinity of the wastewater treatment installation site (regardless of embodiment), either a bacterial-based conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and / or one or more WWTBGUs In some cases, In this sense, WWTP and / or WWTBGU are the points of wastewater treatment. The systems may be operatively connected to share infrastructure and / or exchange gases (e.g., a photosynthetic WWTBGU may provide oxygen to a WWTP and / or a WWTP may provide CO2 to a photosynthetic WWTBGU, as illustrated in Figures 4 and 25). It is optional to build one WWTP or BGU first and then the other. This is an option where the original system may continue to operate continuously or may later be converted, in part or in whole, to an additional system for wastewater treatment (e.g., a WWTP may be constructed first and a WWTBGU may later be added, in part or in whole, to operate simultaneously with or replace the WWTP). As a result, the plan may utilize either system or both. In the case of a side-by-side configuration, synergies may occur between both systems, and also when a WWTP is constructed first and then converted to a WWTBGU, as explained below.

[0405] In certain embodiments (e.g., FIG. 6 and / or any diagram or description of the WWTBGU), the WWTBGU may, at a minimum, effectively subject wastewater to what is commonly referred to in the wastewater treatment industry as "secondary wastewater treatment" beyond the levels of a conventional WWTP. Primary and possibly tertiary treatment may also be required to reach typical municipal wastewater treatment standards. When a standard WWTP is in operation and is later converted to or used in conjunction with a WWTBGU according to methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art and / or the instructions and / or embodiments of the present disclosure, the tertiary treatment infrastructure originally developed for the WWTP may also be converted for use with or shared with the WWTBGU and / or the secondary treatment infrastructure may be expanded when the WWTP is converted to a WWTBGU. Some or all of the above may be adapted for use in a WWTBGU. If only one WWTBGU is constructed and / or some stages of primary and / or secondary treatment are not required, this simplifies the infrastructure and / or reduces operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate this step.

[0406] In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., Figures 1, 4, 5, 6, 11, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to the integration of components of the Plan with a BGU) the present disclosure provides a biomass growth unit (BGU) for a particular purpose. Any of the BGUs described in may be deployed in different combinations, in multiples, connected and / or in communication (e.g., the connection system shown in FIG. 5), and / or in different priority orders. For example, in a particular embodiment, to reduce all carbon dioxide and treat all wastewater available to the plan, a WWTBGU is constructed to treat all available wastewater first, and then a SWBGU is designed and installed to reduce the remaining CO2 (if any) (maximizing the utilization of CO2 by the WWTBGU based on the amount of wastewater supplied, and absorbing the additional CO2 from the thermal plant). (if additional CO2 still remains unused). In this embodiment, To achieve zero carbon production, the SWBGU may be scaled according to the remaining CO2 supply. In this example, any other type of CO2 supply could be used instead of the WWTBGU or SWBGU if more advantageous. It is also possible to use BGUs of other types, for example where wastewater treatment is not feasible or where FWBGU may be used instead of WWTBGU when it is not desirable to use it as part of a project. It is possible.

[0407] In one or more particular embodiments (FIGS. 2, 3, 6, 7A, 7B, 11, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 15A, 15B, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to heat collection and / or transfer), a particular BGM and / or its components may be used. The BGM, BGU, BGU subunit, and / or any other BGU component may be partially or totally immersed in a pool, other container, body of water, or stream fed by a water source for capturing waste heat from a thermal power plant, where the temperature of the BGM is different from that of the hot or cold water source. is regulated by contact.

[0408] In certain embodiments (FIG. 6), carbon dioxide produced from the heterotrophic growth process was stored during the night and returned to the BGM for the autotrophic biomass growth process during the day. In certain embodiments (FIG. 6, and / or other figures and / or illustrations relating to the delivery of gases), any gas produced in any particular process or step may be may be similarly stored and, if necessary, reused in any process / stage of biomass growth (see Figure 6) and / or for other uses under the Plan. In certain embodiments (FIG. 6), the biomass growth module and / or the BGUs contained therein operate exclusively heterotrophically and use organic (biologically based) nutrients to promote growth. In one or more particular embodiments (e.g., FIG. 5 and / or 6), various BGUs included in the BGM can be simultaneously generated throughout the day, and and / or may operate autotrophically, heterotrophically, and / or mixotrophically (e.g., autotrophic BGUs exposed to the sun, heterotrophic BGUs in closed reactors) at different times throughout the day and may exchange carbon dioxide and / or oxygen and / or other resources with controlled flows.

[0409] Referring to FIG. 6, in a particular embodiment 600, the biomass growth module is comprised of a BGU with a growth subunit mounted thereon, which optionally includes exhaust gas, and / or treated exhaust gas from pollution capture modules and / or other treatment technologies 636 in exhaust gas recovery modules (e.g., FIG. 7, 707, 709, 713, 724, 726, 718). The water source 630 can receive liquid, and these elements can be fed to the water source 630, optional nutrient flow, The biomass species being cultivated may be grown in a variety of ways, including but not limited to, in a variety of combinations, and / or with other elements, and may promote the growth 634 and / or 636 of the biomass species being cultivated. In phototrophic or mixotrophic embodiments, carbon dioxide and / or other gases (harmful gases) can be added to the biomass "seed" source to allow for biomass production. Carbon can be stored and / or transported and used to produce omegas and oxygen can be released. The non-photosynthetic fermentation products can be used in a variety of applications (e.g., in the US) and / or commercially available (e.g., FIG. 25). In some systems or integrated systems embodiments (e.g., heterotrophic and mixotrophic systems), oxygen may be used and carbon dioxide may be released. Carbon dioxide from these processes may be captured and / or sold commercially and / or may be used in a manner that is consistent with, for example, the Plan (see Figure 4). It is sometimes used.

[0410] With reference to FIG. 6, in the past, for example, a tube arrangement or a strictly photosynthetic pond system for algae was used. systems in which biomass is isolated in a single way, such as screening for algae, or systems in which biomass is processed in a single way, such as chemical extraction of oil, or systems based on other specific approaches to biomass growth and / or processing. Unlike technologies that rely on conventional biomass cultivation systems, the present disclosure incorporates a variety of techniques, methods, and techniques to provide a flexible biomass growth and / or processing method that can be adapted according to local constraints. The options and / or configurations are proposed in substantial form.

[0411] With reference to FIG. 6, the proliferation subunit 602 may be a subset of any of the submodules in FIG. When integrated with the , it will provide a viable BGU that will replace the BGM in Figures 2, 3, 4, and / or 5. designs (e.g., BGM 110, and / or 212 and / or WWTP / BGM 402) may result.

[0412] The biomass growth unit in the biomass growth module is a “growth subunit” 602. , which may optionally include one or more bioreactors, ponds, and / or systems designed for the growth of biomass, as known to those skilled in the art. Any other system may be used. For example, one or more flat panel photobioreactors may be used. CO 632 from the exhaust gas from the thermal plant 222 may be used in certain growth subunits, where CO 632 from the thermal plant exhaust It can be used directly with gas and / or with a contamination intake module (e.g., Figure 7A and 7B) and / or indirectly using the same after subjecting it to other processing techniques appropriate to the purpose. Liquid containing contaminants removed from the exhaust gas stream may also be provided to the growth unit (e.g., a pollution control module 705 or a pollution intake module (e.g., 7A and 7B, 713, 726) and / or other techniques suitable for the purpose. The growth and reproduction of biomass was achieved using a medium such as fresh medium 604A shown in Figure 6. After application to the biomass, the excess and / or spoilage medium 624 can be optionally filtered (e.g., cross-flow filtration and / or or other filtration methods) 606 and / or optionally stored for future use. The optional nutrient storage subunit 604 serves to store fresh medium 604A and may also store spoilage medium to achieve a suitable medium for biomass growth. The sites 624 and / or 622 may be configured to automatically analyze and replenish as needed. The optional cross-flow filtration subunit 606 targets the excess and / or spoilage medium 624 and filters out impurities to provide a medium suitable for biomass growth. The optional night storage subunit 616 stores the biomass culture in the storage vessel at night. The optional stress subunit 612 targets the biomass and The biomass may be subjected to stress (e.g., high intensity light, blue light, temperature fluctuations, nitrogen starvation / depletion, salinity, and / or other methods known to those skilled in the art) to produce the desired product. In addition to growth, the cells are subjected to stress, a process that requires a solvent 642 and / or other means known to those skilled in the art to continuously extract the desired product from the biomass (generally without cell disruption). Separation techniques such as vapor compression distillation 614 (see FIG. 21) may be used to separate and purify the biofuel 615 that is optionally excreted in the biomass during growth.

[0413] In a particular embodiment showing optional process flows for various growth methods, the growth subunit 602 grows biomass selected from autotrophic, heterotrophic, and / or mixed positive. The growth subunit optionally grows new biomass from the storage subunit 604. The growth subunit 602 also receives an input of daytime biomass culture 628 from an optional overnight storage subunit 616, an input of biomass and water 625 from an optional stressing subunit 612, an input of biomass and water 625 from an optional stressing and milking subunit 608, an input of any source water 630 (see, e.g., FIG. 3), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen, and / or other feed gases 632, a flexible carbon source 636 (e.g., glucose, acetate, glycerol, and / or other sources), and / or nitrogen. The multiplication subunit 602 can receive a gas 631A input for storage / utilization / reuse and / or provide an output. There is an option to provide and / or the gas generated by the growth subunit is commercially available 631B The optional overnight storage subunit 616 receives an input of overnight biomass culture 626 from the growth subunit 602, an input of overnight biomass culture 640 from the optional stressing and milking subunit 608, and an input of fresh medium 604A from the nutrient storage subunit 604.

[0414] The optional stress subunit 612 receives inputs of biomass and water 603 from the growth subunit 602 and biomass and water 646 from the optional stress and milking subunit 608. The resulting stressed biomass and water 648 is fed to the BPP and / or to a refinery 610 (for downstream processing). The optional stressing and milking sub-unit 608 receives optional inputs of biomass and water 625 from the growth sub-unit 602, biomass and water 646 from the optional stressing sub-unit 612, and / or daytime biomass from the optional overnight storage sub-unit 616. The input of the subunit 608 or 612 is a microbial culture 638, which is treated and extracted using a milking solvent 642. Stressing of the subunit 608 or 612 can be achieved by high intensity light, blue light, temperature fluctuations, nitrogen starvation / depletion, salinity, etc. The present invention may include methods for preparing the medicament, such as by incorporating a medicament into a container, and / or other methods known to those skilled in the art. The extracted biomass-containing solvent from the sieving / milking subunit is then used to produce BPP and / or other products to produce astaxanthin, arachidonic acid, beta-carotene, and / or other products. may be conveyed to a refinery 610 (for downstream processing). Vapor compression distillation and / or other separation techniques 614 (e.g., FIG. 21), growth subunit 602 from biofuels (e.g., ethanol and / or butanol from growth subunits) The resulting refined biofuel may be delivered to the BPP and / or refinery 610. (for downstream processing). Biomass and water from the growth subunit 602 can be optionally The method may be as described herein and / or as known to those skilled in the art. After being treated, the crude oil may be conveyed directly to a BPP and / or refinery 610 (for downstream processing). Optional processing may include the use of a BGM stream downstream of BGM 110 in FIG. 1, 100, for the production of fuel and / or useful products from biomass (e.g., algae) such as Chlorella and Spirulina. It includes one or all of the specific processing steps that target the exiting stream 117 .

[0415] In certain embodiments, any module or subunit within the BGU may be The modules or subunits may be modified by any of the techniques described herein and / or by those skilled in the art. It can receive any of the following inputs: heat and / or cooling, water, carbon dioxide Carbon, exhaust gases, oxygen, light (natural and / or artificial, full spectrum and / or selected wavelengths), and / or other inputs required for the growth and processing of biomass.

[0416] FIG. 6 and the above discussion suggest a number of optional processes for growing and / or treating biomass. In practice, the growth subunits used may vary depending on the particular BGU. types of feed, types of biomass used, and types of products developed at BGU 6. In some cases, only a subset of the inputs and / or modules of FIG. 6 may be used.

[0417] In certain embodiments, the autotrophic subunit can grow biomass (e.g., algae) autotrophically using light and carbon dioxide. First, there is a biomass culture of the specified autotrophic variety, and then, optionally, light, carbon dioxide 632, any source water 630, fresh medium 604A, an optional nitrogen source 634, and the like. , and biomass and water 603, 625, 628 inputs may be received from an optional stressing subunit 612, an optional stressing and milking subunit 608, and / or an optional overnight storage subunit 616. The output of the autotrophic growth subunit may include: 1) Optionally, 2) oxygen that is optionally purified by separation techniques and delivered to the BPP and / or refinery 610 for downstream processing; 3) biomass and water optionally delivered directly to the BPP and / or refinery 610 for downstream processing; 4) optional stressed subunits. Biomass and water 603 delivered to the feeder 612, which may also optionally receive biomass and water 646 from an optional stressing and milking subunit 608, and the resulting biomass and water 648 may optionally be delivered to a BPP and / or 6) biomass and water 625 optionally delivered to an optional stressing and milking subunit 608, which may also optionally receive biomass and water 646 from the optional stressing subunit 612. During the night, the night biomass culture 640 is delivered to the optional night storage subunit 616, and during the day, the day biomass culture 638 is delivered to the optional stressing and milking subunit 608. The milking solvent 642 may be added to the stressing and milking subunit 608, and the resulting extracted biomass-containing solvent may be It may be delivered to a BPP and / or refinery 610 for downstream processing.

[0418] In certain embodiments, the heterotrophic subunits grow biomass (e.g., algae) heterotrophically in the dark, typically using organic carbon and oxygen. Optionally, oxygen 632, a flexible carbon source 636 (e.g., glucose, acetate, glycerol, and / or other sources), any water source 630, fresh medium 604A, and / or Biomass and water 603, 625, 628 inputs may be received from the optional stressing subunit 612, the optional stressing and milking subunit 628, and / or the optional overnight storage subunit 616. The outputs of the heterotrophic growth subunit include: 1) carbon dioxide, which is optionally stored / utilized / reused / commercially derived; 2) fuel, which is optionally purified by separation techniques and delivered to the BPP and / or refinery 610 for downstream processing; 3) biomass and water, which is optionally delivered directly to the BPP and / or refinery 610 for downstream processing; 4) optionally Biomass and water 603 transferred to an optional stressing subunit 612 (which may optionally be biomass from an optional stressing and milking subunit 608) 5) optionally conveying the resulting biomass and water 646 to a BPP and / or refinery 610 for downstream processing; 6) optionally conveying the resulting biomass and water 648 to an optional stressing and milking subunit 608; Mass and Water 625, which may also optionally receive biomass and water 646 from the optional stressing subunit 612. At night, the night biomass culture 640 may be transferred to the optional night storage subunit 616, and during the day, the day biomass culture 638 may be returned to the stressing and milking subunit 608. Milking solvent 642 may be added to the stressing and milking subunit 608, and the resulting extracted biomass-containing solvent may be conveyed to a BPP and / or refinery 610 for downstream processing.

[0419] In certain embodiments, the mixotrophic subunit can grow algae mixotrophically by simultaneously using organic carbon, oxygen, light, and carbon dioxide. The growth subunit 602 can optionally receive inputs of oxygen 632, carbon dioxide 632, flexible carbon source 636 (e.g., glucose, acetate, glycerol, and / or other carbon sources), any source water 630, fresh medium 604A, nitrogen source 634, and biomass and water 603, 625, 628 from an optional stressing subunit 612, an optional stressing and milking subunit 608, and / or an optional overnight storage subunit 616. The output of the mixotrophic growth subunit can include: 1) carbon dioxide and oxygen, which can be optionally stored / utilized / reused / commercially derived; 2) carbon dioxide and oxygen, which can be optionally stored / utilized / reused / commercially derived, via separation techniques 614. 2) fuel that is refined and delivered to a BPP and / or refinery 610 for downstream processing; 3) fuel that is optionally delivered directly to a BPP and / or refinery 610 for downstream processing. 4) Biomass and Water 603, which is optionally transferred to an optional stressed subunit 612 (which may optionally be an optional stressed Biomass and water 646 may also be received from the purification and milking subunit 608, and the resulting biomass and water 648 may be optionally passed through a BPP and / or purification plant for downstream processing. 5) biomass and water 625 optionally delivered to the optional stressing and milking subunit 608, which may also optionally receive biomass and water 646 from the optional stressing subunit 612. At night, the night biomass culture 640 may be delivered to the optional night storage subunit 616, and during the day, the day biomass culture 638 may be returned to the stressing and milking subunit 608. Milking solvent 642 is delivered to the stressing and milking subunit 608. The resulting extracted biomass-containing solvent may be added to the downstream process. The BPP and / or refinery 610 may then transmit the resulting mixture to the BPP and / or refinery 610 for analysis.

[0420] With reference to FIG. 6, embodiments of the present disclosure include a method for growing and processing biomass. Some embodiments encompass a system 600 configured and employing any of the following components as biomass growth subunits: an autotrophic growth subunit 602, a heterotrophic growth subunit 602, and / or a mixotrophic growth subunit 602. In one embodiment, the multiplication subunit 602 is configured to receive input from the following sources: There are embodiments encompassing the aforementioned systems, characterized in that: any source water 630 (salt water 630, fresh water 630, saline water 630, wastewater 630, and / or any combination 630 of the aforementioned items) is / are circulated; any selected from the above), carbon dioxide 632, any oxygen 632, other gases (e.g., NOx and / or SOx 632), a nitrogen source 634, a carbon source 636 (glucose 636, acetate 636, glycerol 636, sugar 636, Millet 636, Corn stover 636, Miscanthus 636, Switchgrass 636, Forest residues 636 603, 625, fresh medium 604A, and / or diurnal biomass culture 628. Diurnal biomass culture is a biomass culture that grows during the day. In certain embodiments, the propagation subunit 602 is optional. In some embodiments, the system is configured to deliver the following items to the growth subunit 602: biomass and water 603, biofuel 605, gas 331A, overnight biomass culture 626, and / or excess and / or spoilage medium 624. Nighttime biomass culture refers to a biomass culture that grows at night. In some embodiments, fresh medium 604A is provided to the growth subunit 602 by an optional nutrient storage subunit 604. In some embodiments, the nutrient storage subunit 604 ... Some embodiments include the aforementioned systems, configured to receive optional inputs: fresh nutrients 620, water supply 630, and / or filtered spoilage medium 622. In certain embodiments, some embodiments include the aforementioned systems, configured to receive optional inputs: fresh nutrients 620, water supply 630, and / or filtered spoilage medium 622. In certain embodiments, the aforementioned systems, configured to receive optional inputs: fresh nutrients 620, water supply 630, and / or filtered spoilage medium 622. In certain embodiments, the overnight storage subunit 616 is configured to receive optional inputs selected from the following: In certain embodiments, the nutrient storage subunit 604 is configured to provide fresh medium 635 to the overnight storage subunit 616. Certain embodiments include the above-described system, characterized in that the nighttime biomass culture 626, 640 is provided to the nighttime storage subunit 616 by the following components: In some embodiments, the system includes a growth subunit 602 and / or a stressing and milking subunit 608. In some embodiments, the growth subunit 602 is configured to provide or optionally provide biomass and water 603, 625 to the following components: a BPP module 610, a purification module 610, a stressing subunit 612, and / or a stressing and milking subunit 608. Certain embodiments include those systems that include the aforementioned, characterized in that the stressing subunit 612 is optionally configured to provide or be provided with biomass and water 646 to the stressing and milking subunit 608. Certain embodiments include those systems that include the stressing subunit 612 configured to provide or be provided with biomass and water 648 to the BPP module. 610 and / or purification module 610. In a particular embodiment, the stressing and milking subunit 608 is configured to receive the daytime biomass culture 638 from the optional nighttime storage subunit 616. In certain embodiments, the stressing and milking subunit 608 is an optional In some embodiments, the system includes the above, characterized in that the stressing and milking subunit 608 is configured to provide biomass and water 625 to the growth subunit 602 as a solvent for milking the biomass. In some embodiments, the stressing and milking subunit 608 is configured to receive an input of a solvent 642 for milking the biomass. In some embodiments, the stressing and milking subunit 608 is configured to receive an input of a solvent 642 for milking the biomass. In some embodiments, the stressing and milking subunit 608 is configured to receive an input of...

Claims

1. A system configured to utilize and regenerate heat and / or cooling from a thermal plant module, the thermal plant module being a) a nuclear plant, a solar thermal plant, a steel plant, a cement manufacturing plant, a paper mill, a textile mill, a metal manufacturing plant, an incinerator and / or a rotary kiln incinerator, and / or b) a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module, a hydrothermal treatment module, a gasification module, a waste-to-energy module, a plasma gasification unit and / or a desorber / condenser module, wherein the regenerated heat and / or cooling is provided to a biomass growth module (BGM) for growing biomass; The system may be further configured to provide heat and / or cooling to and / or regenerate heat and / or cooling from the following components, including: a. A purification module; b. Biomass Processing Plant (BPP) module; c. Air conditioning / heating module; d. Recycling module; e. Water Bottling / Biomass Product Bottling / Packaging Plant (BBPP) module; f. Product storage module; g. Desalination module; h. Waste-to-energy modules; i. Biogas storage module; j. Heat storage / cold module; k. Heat / cooling recovery module; l. Gasification module; and / or m. A system selected from the following as a component part of a thermal plant module, including: i. a pyrolysis process module; ii. A hydrothermal treatment module; iii. A cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module; and / or iv. A desorber / condenser module; Further, the heat and / or cooling recovered from one or more specific modules a-m is provided to one or more specific modules a-m, and the heat and / or cooling output from two specific modules a-m shares a heating and / or cooling transfer module and / or technology and / or shares a heat and / or cooling storage module and / or unit. The system.

2. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal plant module is configured to provide waste heat to heat the BGM and configured to discharge the waste heat as a heated fluid.

3. 3. A system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that heat is recovered either from the exhaust gases produced by the thermal plant module or from the cooling fluid outputted by the thermal plant module.

4. 1. A method for utilizing and recovering heat and / or cooling from a thermal plant module, the thermal plant module being a) a nuclear plant, a solar thermal plant, a steel plant, a cement manufacturing plant, a paper mill, a textile mill, a metal manufacturing plant, an incinerator and / or a rotary kiln incinerator, and / or b) a cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module, a hydrothermal treatment module, a gasification module, a waste-to-energy module, a plasma gasification unit and / or a desorber / condenser module, the method comprising: generating heat and / or cooling in a thermal plant module; transferring heat and / or cooling to a biomass growth module (BGM); and utilizing some or all of the heat and / or cooling in a thermal plant module and / or BGM; Heat and / or cooling may further be provided to and / or regenerated from the following components: a. A purification module; b. Biomass Processing Plant (BPP) module; c. Air conditioning / heating module; d. Recycling module; e. Water Bottling / Biomass Product Bottling / Packaging Plant (BBPP) module; f. Product storage module; g. Desalination module; h. Waste-to-energy modules; i. Biogas storage module; j. Heat storage / cold module; k. Heat / cooling recovery module; l. Gasification module; and / or m. A system selected from the following as a component part of a thermal plant module, including: i. a pyrolysis process module; ii. A hydrothermal treatment module; iii. A cellulosic ethanol / butanol / isobutanol module; and / or iv. A desorber / condenser module; Further, the heat and / or cooling recovered from one or more specific modules a-m is provided to one or more specific modules a-m, and the heat and / or cooling output from two specific modules a-m shares a heating and / or cooling transfer module and / or technology and / or shares a heat and / or cooling storage module and / or unit. The method.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the transferring step includes transferring heat from the thermal plant module as a heated fluid.

6. 6. A method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that heat is recovered either from the exhaust gases produced by the thermal plant module or from the cooling fluid outputted from the thermal plant module.

7. The method of any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the method further comprises growing the biomass in BGM.

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