Carbon dioxide separation and capture method using renewable energy and carbon dioxide separation and capture system using renewable energy

Abstract

To provide a method of separating and recovering carbon dioxide of recyclable energy using type, and to provide a separation and recovery system.SOLUTION: Any of bio gas, exhaust gas and air is compressed or blown by using a gas compressor or a gas blower driven by combustion heat of geothermal fluid or biomass, or energy of flowing water, is supplied to a carbon dioxide separation membrane or a carbon dioxide adsorption separation device to separate and recover carbon dioxide and compress recovered carbon dioxide gas by using the gas compressor and, thereafter, cool the recovered carbon dioxide by a cold of recyclable energy origin to be liquefied or frozen into dry ice. Further, when performing carbon dioxide separation from bio gas, bio fuel provided upon separation of carbon dioxide is utilized as energy and carbon dioxide originated from generated bio gas is also separated by using the above-mentioned means and is liquefied or is frozen into dry ice to be recovered.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for efficiently and continuously separating atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is one of the substances that cause global warming, and carbon dioxide generated when biomass that has absorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide is gasified and used, using renewable energy, and recovering the carbon dioxide as liquefied carbon dioxide that can be easily transported for immobilization in underground storage tanks, or as dry ice that can be easily used in commerce and industry, and to a carbon dioxide separation and capture system that utilizes renewable energy to which this method is applied. [Background technology]

[0002] To prevent global warming and improve the environmental friendliness of the production of liquefied carbon dioxide and dry ice, for which there is high commercial and industrial demand, there is a need for technology that can efficiently separate and capture carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gases of energy systems that use fossil fuels and biomass resources, and convert it into versatile liquefied carbon dioxide and dry ice.

[0003] Of these, separation and capture of carbon dioxide gas, which is said to account for the majority of energy consumption and costs, requires a great deal of energy consumption and costs in each case: in the case of chemical absorption, for circulation and regeneration of the absorption liquid; in the case of physical adsorption, for temperature and pressure swing processing for gas adsorption and desorption; and in the case of membrane separation, for increasing gas pressure and optimizing temperature and humidity. In particular, when fossil fuels or electricity derived from fossil fuels is consumed in the carbon dioxide separation and capture process, resulting in carbon dioxide emissions, there is a problem of a decrease in the net amount of carbon dioxide captured, a decrease in the separation and capture efficiency, and increased costs.

[0004] As technologies that can solve these problems, renewable energy-based air separation methods and renewable energy-based air separation systems that utilize this method have been proposed, in which air components are separated using renewable energy sources that do not involve carbon dioxide emissions, such as geothermal steam or hot spring heat, running water from rivers or tides, or the heat from combustion of biomass or biogas. By utilizing this technology, a method has been disclosed in which carbon dioxide, which is an impurity component in the target gas such as nitrogen and oxygen, is separated by adsorption and desorption using an adsorbent and renewable energy heat (Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent application No. 2020-070059 DISCLOSURE OF THEINVENTION [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] As described above, the conventional technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 makes it possible to efficiently produce high-purity nitrogen gas, liquefied oxygen, and other products by utilizing renewable energy with low carbon dioxide emissions, and also makes it possible to separate and capture carbon dioxide, which becomes a by-product of the production process. However, this technology has the following four problems.

[0007] First, this technology uses air as a raw gas to separate and recover nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, and has not been optimized for efficiently separating and recovering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, combustion exhaust gas, and biogas using renewable energy. As a result, there are issues with the amount of carbon dioxide separated and recovered being small, and the separation and recovery efficiency being low.

[0008] In particular, when separating and recovering carbon dioxide, the method does not relate to separation and recovery from exhaust gases of energy systems that use hydrocarbon fuels, or biogas that contains high-concentration carbon dioxide of approximately 40 vol%, which is obtained by fermenting biomass that has absorbed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and where recovery efficiency is improved at high concentrations of 5 to 15 vol%, rather than separating and recovering carbon dioxide at low concentrations of approximately 0.04 vol% from the atmosphere, and therefore there is a problem in that carbon dioxide cannot be efficiently separated and recovered from exhaust gases or biogas using renewable energy.

[0009] Furthermore, with conventional technologies, even in locations where effective use of renewable energy is difficult due to constraints such as a lack of supply to the power grid and the efficiency of heat storage and transportation, even if renewable energy resources are abundant, it is possible to produce high-purity gas by separating air components without being affected by power grid outages.However, conventional technologies do not enable the efficient separation and recovery of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or biomass using renewable energy on a continuous basis in such locations without being restricted by the power grid.

[0010] Furthermore, when the separated and recovered carbon dioxide is transported to an underground aquifer or a seabed storage tank and injected for immobilization, it is desirable to liquefy the separated and recovered carbon dioxide or transport it as solid dry ice in order to make transportation to the carbon dioxide immobilization site and underground injection more efficient; it is common that liquefied carbon dioxide and dry ice, which have high transport efficiency, are more preferable in commercial and industrial uses of carbon dioxide as well; however, conventional technologies do not disclose a method for liquefying or converting separated and recovered carbon dioxide into dry ice, or a specific method for reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions associated with liquefying or converting carbon dioxide into dry ice, increasing the net amount of carbon dioxide recovered from the atmosphere, exhaust gas, or biogas, and improving recovery efficiency.

[0011] In addition, when separating and recovering carbon dioxide from biogas obtained by, for example, methane fermentation of biomass, biomethane containing high-purity methane as a main component is refined after separation and recovery of carbon dioxide. However, no method has been disclosed for efficiently separating and recovering the carbon dioxide generated during the oxidation utilization of this biomethane by using renewable energy. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a renewable energy-based carbon dioxide separation and capture method and a renewable energy-based carbon dioxide separation and capture system to which this technology is applied, which increases the net amount of carbon dioxide separated and captured by directly utilizing rotational driving force obtained from renewable energy sources such as geothermal steam, combustion heat of biomass or biogas, or hydroelectric or tidal power, and warm and cold heat obtained from renewable energy or a gas compression process in the carbon dioxide separation and capture and liquefaction or dry ice process, thereby separating and capturing carbon dioxide with high efficiency from the atmosphere, exhaust gases from energy systems, or biogas originating from biomass.

[0013] In order to solve the above problem, the invention described in claim 1 comprises: The system is characterized by using a turbine driven by the energy of either geothermal fluid, biomass combustion heat, or water flow, and a gas compressor or gas blower connected to the turbine shaft directly or via a transmission to compress or send out one or more of biogas, exhaust gas or air from a power generation or heat supply system, and carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered from one or more of the above gases.

[0014] The invention described in claim 2 is The gas compressor or gas blower according to claim 1 adiabatically compresses one or more of biogas, exhaust gas, and air to increase the temperature and pressure, or sends out the gas, and then cools and dehumidifies the gas using one or more of geothermal fluid or biomass combustion heat, cold energy obtained by an absorption chiller or adsorption chiller driven by the heat contained in the adiabatically compressed gas, cold energy contained in running water, or cold energy obtained by a turbo chiller driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power, and then passes the gas through a carbon dioxide separation membrane to separate and recover carbon dioxide contained in the supply gas.

[0015] The invention described in claim 3 is The gas compressor or gas blower according to claim 1 adiabatically compresses one or more of biogas, exhaust gas, air, or carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered from these gases to a high temperature and pressure or sends out the gas, and then uses one or more of geothermal fluid or biomass combustion heat, cold heat obtained by an absorption chiller or adsorption chiller driven by heat contained in the adiabatically compressed gas, cold heat contained in running water, or cold heat obtained by a turbo chiller driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power to cool and dehumidify the gas and adsorb the carbon dioxide contained in the compressed gas onto a carbon dioxide adsorbent, and then heats the adsorbent using geothermal fluid or biomass combustion heat, heat contained in the adiabatically compressed gas or separated and recovered carbon dioxide gas, or heat obtained from a heater driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power to release and recover the carbon dioxide contained in the supply gas, thereby separating and recovering the carbon dioxide contained in the supply gas.

[0016] The invention described in claim 4 is The carbon dioxide separation and capture method of claims 2 and 3 is characterized in that one or more of a temperature measuring device, a humidity measuring device, a pressure measuring device, or a flow measuring device is provided in the upstream piping of the separation membrane or the adsorbent, and the temperature, humidity, pressure and flow rate of the supply gas are controlled based on the measurement values ​​obtained from the measuring devices so as to optimize the performance of gas separation and capture using the carbon dioxide separation membrane or the carbon dioxide adsorbent.

[0017] The invention described in claim 5 is The carbon dioxide gas is compressed by the method according to claim 1, and then the compressed carbon dioxide gas is cooled and liquefied or solidified using one or more of the following: heat from combustion of geothermal fluid or biomass, cold energy obtained by an absorption chiller or adsorption chiller driven by heat contained in the adiabatically compressed gas, cold energy contained in running water, or cold energy obtained by a turbo chiller driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power, thereby recovering the carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered by the method according to claim 2 or 3 as liquefied carbon dioxide or dry ice.

[0018] The invention described in claim 6 is The method of claim 2 or claim 3 is characterized in that fuel cell power generation or oxyfuel combustion power generation is performed using biomethane obtained after separating and recovering carbon dioxide from biogas as fuel, and the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor obtained from the power generation system is returned upstream of the gas compressor or gas blower of claim 1, thereby separating and recovering carbon dioxide generated in conjunction with the use of the separated biomethane as fuel.

[0019] The invention described in claim 7 is The method is characterized in that the drain water obtained by the dehumidifying and cooling process of claim 2, or pure water obtained by purifying geothermal fluid, river water, or seawater after power generation or cold energy utilization, is electrolyzed using power generated from either geothermal fluid or water flow, or biomass containing biomethane as described in claim 6, and the resulting hydrogen is mixed with the supply pipe of the biomethane as described in claim 6 to increase the power generation output, and the resulting oxygen is supplied as an oxidizing agent in fuel cell power generation or oxyfuel combustion power generation, thereby making the exhaust gas obtained when using the biomethane as described in claim 6 into a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

[0020] The invention described in claim 8 is The biomass fermentation tank is heated or the woody biomass is dried using the hot heat obtained by the gas adiabatic compression as described in claim 1 or claim 5, the hot heat obtained from the exhaust heat generated during power generation as described in claim 6, or heat obtained from a heater driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power generation, while the biomass fermentation tank is cooled using one or more of the following: geothermal fluid or biomass combustion heat, cold heat obtained by an absorption chiller or adsorption chiller driven by the heat contained in the adiabatically compressed gas, cold heat contained in running water, or cold heat obtained by a turbo chiller driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power generation. This maximizes the amount of biogas generated by optimal temperature control of the biomass fermentation tank and improves combustibility by drying the woody biomass.

[0021] The invention described in claim 9 is The present invention is characterized in that one or more of the following electricity is supplied to one or more of the component devices and their associated facilities described in claims 1 to 9, and the system that controls the operation of the component devices: electricity obtained by generating electricity using steam obtained by the combustion heat of geothermal fluid or biomass described in claim 1; electricity obtained by binary power generation using hot water discharged from a steam separator when the steam is introduced into the steam separator; electricity obtained by hydroelectric power generation; and surplus electricity obtained by power generation using biomethane described in claim 6.

[0022] The invention described in claim 10 is The present invention is characterized in that carbon dioxide is separated and recovered from biogas, exhaust gas of a power generation or heat supply system, or air by using the gas compression or gas delivery method recited in claim 1 and the carbon dioxide separation and recovery method recited in claims 2, 3, and 4, and the separated and recovered carbon dioxide is liquefied or recovered as dry ice by using the method recited in claim 5.

[0023] The invention described in claim 11 is The carbon dioxide separation and capture system using biogas described in claim 10 is characterized in that the hydrocarbon fuel components in the biogas are utilized as energy by using the methods described in claims 6 to 9, and carbon dioxide generated during the energy utilization is also liquefied or recovered as dry ice.

[0024] Effect of the Invention

[0025] According to the present invention, rotational driving force, hot and cold energy, and electricity obtained from geothermal steam, the heat of combustion of biomass or biogas, or renewable energy sources such as hydraulic power and tidal power, are directly used to separate and capture carbon dioxide contained in the atmosphere, exhaust gas, or biogas. This reduces the consumption of fossil fuels involved in the separation and capture of carbon dioxide, increases the net amount of carbon dioxide captured, and makes it possible to recover the carbon dioxide as liquefied carbon dioxide or dry ice, which can be easily transported for commercial and industrial use or fixation. Furthermore, even in areas where renewable energy resources are abundant, it is difficult to effectively utilize renewable energy due to constraints such as a lack of supply capacity to the power grid and the efficiency of heat storage and transportation. This will make it possible to continuously separate and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or biomass sources without being affected by power grid outages. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a carbon dioxide liquefaction and recovery system that utilizes geothermal energy in multiple stages, which is a first embodiment according to the present invention and is composed of a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module. [Diagram 2] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a carbon dioxide liquefaction and recovery system that utilizes geothermal energy in multiple stages, which is a second embodiment of the present invention and is composed of a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide adsorbent module. [Diagram 3] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an atmospheric carbon dioxide liquefaction and recovery system that utilizes geothermal energy in multiple stages and that utilizes a carbon dioxide separation membrane module, which is a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a carbon dioxide liquefaction and capture system of a multistage river water utilization type, which is a fourth embodiment according to the present invention, and is composed of a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a biomass energy-utilizing carbon dioxide liquefaction and capture system that is a fifth embodiment according to the present invention and is composed of a biomass combustion power generation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0027] Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and is not limited to the present embodiment.

[0028] (First embodiment)

[0029] First, a carbon dioxide liquefaction and recovery system of a multistage geothermal energy utilization type, which is composed of a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module, according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 1, this system includes a steam separator 2 that separates a geothermal fluid 1 into geothermal steam of about 100°C to 180°C and hot water of less than 100°C, a steam turbine 3 that is driven by the geothermal steam discharged from the steam separator, a gas compressor 7 that is connected to the rotating shaft of the steam turbine via a transmission 4 and takes in and adiabatically compresses biogas that has been generated from a biomass methane fermentation system 5 and has had impurities removed through a biogas purification device 6, a heat exchanger 8 that pre-cools the high-temperature, high-pressure biogas compressed by the compressor, a flow rate control valve 9 that adjusts the flow rate of the cooled high-pressure biogas, a separation membrane module 10 that separates carbon dioxide and biomethane from the high-pressure biogas whose pressure, flow rate, and temperature and humidity have been adjusted, a carbon dioxide gas compressor 11 that further pressurizes the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas separated from the separation membrane module, and a heat exchanger 12 that cools and liquefies the pressurized high-pressure carbon dioxide gas.

[0031] Furthermore, in this system, power is generated using the biomethane obtained from the generation of biogas, the exhaust gas generated in the process is converted into a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor, and the moisture is removed. In order to separate and recover the carbon dioxide originating from the biomethane for liquefaction recovery, a fuel cell power generation system 13 is connected to the downstream side of the biomethane flow path of the separation membrane module 10, and the power generation output is supplied to a water electrolysis device 14. Hydrogen generated from the water electrolysis device is additionally supplied to the biomethane flow path and then supplied to the fuel electrode side of the fuel cell 13. Oxygen generated from the water electrolysis device is supplied to the air electrode side of the fuel cell 13. The exhaust gas from the air electrode side, from which unreacted oxygen is exhausted, is returned to the air electrode of the fuel cell 13 via a blower 15, so that pure oxygen is constantly circulated and supplied to the air electrode.

[0032] In addition, this system uses geothermal energy in multiple stages to adjust the temperature and humidity of the supply gas to optimize the gas separation performance of the separation membrane module 10, to cool the captured carbon dioxide gas and heat the methane fermentation tank to liquefy the captured carbon dioxide gas, and to obtain electricity to drive the chillers and ancillary equipment that make up the system, such as the cooling towers, pumps, blowers, and operation control devices.This makes use of renewable energy in the energy consumption involved in the carbon dioxide liquefaction and capture, and is configured to improve net carbon dioxide capture performance.

[0033] That is, in adjusting the temperature and humidity of the biogas to be supplied to the separation membrane module 10, cooling water at 5 to 15°C obtained from an absorption chiller 16 driven by high-temperature water at 70 to 90°C discharged from the steam turbine is used in dehumidifying and cooling the methane gas discharged from the methane fermentation system 5, and cooling for liquefying high-pressure carbon dioxide gas is used by cooling water at 5 to 15°C obtained from an adsorption chiller 18 driven by high-temperature water at 50 to 80°C discharged from a binary power generation system 17 operated using high-temperature hot water separated in the steam separator, and low-temperature hot water at 30 to 60°C discharged from the adsorption chiller is supplied to a methane fermentation tank of the methane fermentation system 5, where it is used to heat the methane fermentation tank and promote fermentation of biomass, and then discharged.

[0034] In addition, the chillers and associated equipment such as cooling towers, pumps, blowers and operation control devices that make up the system are configured to be driven by renewable energy electricity obtained from the binary power generation system 17, which makes it possible to reduce carbon dioxide emissions associated with energy consumption related to the operation of the components, and to liquefy and capture carbon dioxide without relying on the power grid. It is desirable to have a power storage system 19 that can charge and discharge the power generated by the binary power generation system to start and stop this system and adjust the transient power supply and demand balance.

[0035] Furthermore, in this system, in order to optimize the gas separation performance of the separation membrane module 10, a mechanism is provided for optimally controlling the temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow rate of the supply gas. Specifically, in order to remove moisture in the biogas and excess moisture contained in the anode exhaust gas from the fuel cell 13 and to make the humidity of the gas supplied to the separation membrane module less than 50%, more preferably around 20%, cooling water at 5 to 15°C is circulated and supplied to the dehumidifier 20 using a circulation pump 21, and moisture is recovered by condensation dew. The amount of dehumidification by this condensation dew is controlled by controlling the rotation speed of the circulation pump 21 while referring to the measured value of a humidity meter 22 installed upstream of the separation membrane module 10. When the humidity of the gas supplied to the separation membrane module is high, the amount of circulation of the cooling water is increased to promote condensation dew, thereby enhancing dehumidification, while when the humidity of the supply gas is low, the amount of circulation of the cooling water is reduced to suppress condensation dew, and the humidity is controlled by controlling the amount of circulation of the cooling water.

[0036] Furthermore, when optimally controlling the temperature of the supply gas, the rotation speed of the circulation pump 24 is controlled while referring to the measurement value of a temperature measuring device 23 installed upstream of the separation membrane module 10, and the amount of circulating cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger 8, which pre-cools the biogas, is controlled. When the temperature of the gas supplied to the separation membrane module is high, the amount of circulating cooling water is increased to promote gas cooling and lower the temperature of the supply gas, while when the temperature of the supply gas is low, the amount of circulating cooling water is reduced to suppress cooling, thereby achieving a mechanism for temperature control by controlling the amount of circulating cooling water.

[0037] In addition, when optimally controlling the pressure of the supply gas, the transmission 4 is controlled to control the rotation speed of the biogas compressor 7 while referring to the measurement value of the pressure gauge 25 installed upstream of the separation membrane module 10. When the pressure of the gas supplied to the separation membrane module is low, the compressor rotation speed is increased to promote gas compression and increase the pressure of the supply gas, whereas when the pressure of the supply gas is high, the compressor rotation speed is decreased to suppress compression, thereby achieving a mechanism for pressure control by controlling the compressor rotation speed via the transmission.

[0038] Furthermore, when optimally controlling the flow rate of the supply gas, the aperture of the flow control valve 9 is controlled while referring to the measurement value of the flow measuring device 26 installed upstream of the separation membrane module 10, and when the flow rate of the gas supplied to the separation membrane module is low, the aperture of the flow control valve is widened to increase the gas flow rate, whereas when the flow rate of the supply gas is high, the aperture of the flow control valve is narrowed to decrease the gas flow rate, thereby forming a mechanism for controlling the flow rate by controlling the aperture of the flow control valve.

[0039] Furthermore, the pure water supplied to the water electrolysis system 14 is obtained by passing the drain water obtained from the dehumidifier 20 or the hot waste water discharged from the adsorption chiller 18 through a pure water production system 27 made of ion exchange resin or the like. However, since the hot waste water of the geothermal fluid may contain a large amount of hot spring components, which may place a large load on the pure water production system, it is preferable to mainly use the drain water from the dehumidifier 20, which has a low impurity content and is easy to purify, and to use the hot waste water as raw water to make up for any shortage of pure water.

[0040] In this way, in the carbon dioxide liquefaction and capture system of the present invention, in the separation and capture process using a carbon dioxide separation membrane, the compression of the separation membrane supply gas, which consumes a large amount of energy, and the compression of the separated and captured carbon dioxide gas are performed directly by utilizing the rotational force of a turbine driven by geothermal steam, making it possible to liquefy and capture carbon dioxide through the direct use of renewable energy.

[0041] In addition, the gas from which carbon dioxide is separated and captured in this system can be obtained by directly drawing in and compressing air to separate and capture the approximately 0.04 vol% of carbon dioxide contained in the atmosphere. However, the carbon dioxide concentration in the biogas obtained by fermenting biomass that has absorbed carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is approximately 40 vol%, which is about 1,000 times higher. Therefore, when separating and capturing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and immobilizing it, it is more preferable to separate and capture carbon dioxide in the biogas, which has a higher separation and capture efficiency.

[0042] In addition, this system can separate and capture carbon dioxide from biogas to produce biomethane, a carbon-neutral fuel that can be used for power generation and heat generation. If the carbon dioxide generated during the use of biomethane fuel can also be separated and captured and fixed, it will be possible to further promote negative emissions that reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

[0043] For this reason, in this system, biomethane is reacted with pure oxygen, the resulting exhaust gas is converted into a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor, and the exhaust gas is then cooled and dehumidified to remove the moisture, thereby creating a mechanism that can recover high-concentration carbon dioxide gas. However, the means for this is not limited to fuel cell power generation, and for example, pure oxygen combustion turbine power generation using oxygen obtained using a water electrolysis device may also be applied.

[0044] With the above configuration, it is possible to efficiently liquefy and capture carbon dioxide through multi-stage utilization of geothermal steam energy, a renewable energy source that does not involve carbon dioxide emissions.Even in locations where there is an abundance of geothermal steam but it is not possible to connect it to the power transmission and distribution grid, making it difficult to use it for power generation, it will be possible to carry out highly efficient liquefaction and capture of carbon dioxide by effectively utilizing geothermal steam. Second embodiment

[0045] Next, a carbon dioxide liquefaction and capture system using geothermal energy in multiple stages, which is composed of a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide adsorbent module, according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[0046] As shown in Figure 2, the system of the second embodiment differs in that the method of separating and capturing carbon dioxide is such that compressed biogas is loaded with a carbon dioxide adsorbent such as amine-supported zeolite, the carbon dioxide is adsorbed by a rotating rotor 29 connected to a geothermal steam turbine via a transmission 28, and then high-temperature carbon dioxide gas is supplied to increase the temperature of the adsorbent, and the carbon dioxide is desorbed and captured.

[0047] Here, in the desorption of carbon dioxide, a portion of the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas desorbed by raising the temperature of the adsorbent is refluxed and heated to 60 to 80°C via a heat exchanger 30 together with the high-temperature compressed gas after passing through the gas compressor, and then the gas is blown onto the adsorbent rotor 29 using a blower 31, thereby causing the carbon dioxide adsorbed to the adsorbent to be desorbed and recovered. A carbon dioxide gas circulation line is formed, and a portion of the carbon dioxide gas is extracted onto this circulation line through a carbon dioxide extraction valve 32 and compressed by a compressor, after which cooling water obtained from an absorption chiller driven by steam after passing through a steam turbine is circulated and supplied, and the gas is cooled in a compressed carbon dioxide gas cooler 33, thereby enabling the liquefaction and recovery of carbon dioxide.

[0048] The temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow rate of the biogas supplied to the adsorbent rotor 29 are controlled by the same technology as in the first embodiment so that the carbon dioxide adsorption performance of the adsorbent is maximized. In the first embodiment, the cooling water of the absorption chiller is used to dehumidify and cool the gas before separation and recovery, and the cooling of the adsorption chiller is used to cool the separated, recovered, and compressed carbon dioxide gas. However, in this embodiment, the gas pressure supplied to the adsorbent rotor does not need to be as high as in the first embodiment, and the gas temperature rise due to adiabatic compression is not large, so the cooling load of the gas supplied to the adsorbent rotor is small. On the other hand, the temperature of the recovered carbon dioxide gas is higher than in the first embodiment, and the gas cooling load required for liquefaction and recovery is large. Therefore, a configuration is adopted in which cooling water obtained from the absorption chiller, which has a large amount of available cold energy, is used.

[0049] In this way, it is preferable to optimize the destination and supply amount of cooling water obtained by supplying the exhaust heat steam and high-temperature water after driving the steam turbine, and the exhaust warm water after binary power generation to an absorption or adsorption chiller, depending on the application and cooling load. Third embodiment

[0050] Next, a geothermal energy multi-stage utilization type atmospheric carbon dioxide liquefaction and capture system utilizing a carbon dioxide separation membrane module according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[0051] As shown in Figure 3, in this system, in order to separate and liquefy carbon dioxide accumulated in the atmosphere, the gas taken in by the gas compressor has dust and excess humidity removed through an intake filter 34. Because this system does not require biomass fermentation processing, there is no need to install a biomass fermentation system in the geothermal steam generating area, nor is there a need to continue procuring and supplying biomass resources, and it can be widely implemented anywhere geothermal steam is generated. (Fourth embodiment)

[0052] Next, a carbon dioxide liquefaction and capture system using river water in multiple stages, which is configured with a biomass methane fermentation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIG.

[0053] As shown in Figure 4, this system liquefies and captures carbon dioxide originating from biomass, but what makes it different is that it uses the hydropower of rivers, the cold energy of river water, and the river water itself as a renewable energy source and as the raw water supplied to the water electrolysis device.

[0054] That is, the biogas to be supplied to the separation membrane module and the recovered carbon dioxide gas are compressed by directly utilizing the torque of a waterwheel type torque transmission device 35 installed on the river channel, and the compressed biogas and carbon dioxide gas are cooled by gas coolers 36 and 37 which exchange heat with river water, while the electricity to drive the water electrolysis device and ancillary equipment, and the electricity to run an electric heater 38 that warms the biomass fermentation tank are provided by renewable energy electricity obtained from a hydroelectric power generation system 39 installed on the river.

[0055] With this configuration, highly efficient liquefaction and capture of carbon dioxide becomes possible even in regions with no geothermal resources but abundant hydroelectric resources. Note that, although this system configuration is an example of a combination with a biomass fermentation system, similar to the third embodiment, when the target gas for separating and capturing carbon dioxide is air, it can be widely applied in any place where there are no restrictions on biomass resource procurement, etc., and where hydroelectric resources can be utilized. Fifth embodiment

[0056] Next, a biomass energy-utilizing carbon dioxide liquefaction and capture system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of a biomass combustion power generation system and a carbon dioxide separation membrane module, will be described with reference to FIG.

[0057] As shown in FIG. 5, the system of the fifth embodiment uses a biomass gasification and combustion system 40, and compresses biomass combustion exhaust gas using power obtained by driving a steam turbine using air combustion of biomass, and performs binary power generation using high-temperature water after driving the steam turbine. After that, the hot water discharged from the binary power generation system is used to drive an absorption chiller, and the low-temperature hot water discharged from the absorption chiller is used to drive an adsorption chiller, and these are used to remove moisture in the combustion exhaust gas, cool the compressed combustion exhaust gas, and cool the pressurized carbon dioxide gas, which are different from the other embodiments.

[0058] By adopting such an embodiment, it becomes possible to highly efficiently liquefy and recover carbon dioxide originating from biomass even in places where there are no geothermal or hydroelectric resources but where large amounts of biomass resources are generated or in areas where biomass resources are accumulated.

[0059] As described above, by separating and liquefying carbon dioxide using various renewable energies distributed in the region, it is possible to efficiently capture carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere through industrial activities, etc., as liquefied carbon dioxide, and use it for injection and immobilization underground, for commercial and industrial use such as dry ice, or as a raw material for producing carbon-neutral fuels, etc. It can also be applied in places where it is difficult to connect to the power grid even if there are renewable energy resources, and where renewable energy generation is difficult, and it will be possible to continuously liquefy and capture carbon dioxide even if a power outage occurs in the power system, making it possible to liquefy and capture atmospheric carbon dioxide over a wide area. [Industrial Applicability]

[0060] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, the embodiments of Figures 3, 4 and 5 can also be applied to a separation and recovery method that uses an adsorbent rotor made of the carbon dioxide adsorbent shown in Figure 2. The embodiment of Figure 4 is not limited to the use of river water and can also be applied in strait regions where tidal power generation is possible.

[0061] As such, the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative, and anything that has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and exhibits similar effects is included within the technical scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0062] 1...geothermal fluid 2...Brackish water separator 3. Steam turbine 4. Gas compressor gearbox 5. Biomass fermentation system 6. Biogas purification equipment 7. Gas compressor 8. Gas cooler 9. Gas flow control valve 10 Carbon dioxide separation membrane module 11 Carbon dioxide gas compressor 12 High pressure carbon dioxide gas cooler 13. Fuel cell power generation equipment 14...Water electrolysis equipment 15 Oxygen gas circulation blower 16 Absorption chiller 17. Binary power generation system 18...Adsorption refrigerator 19. Energy storage system 20...dehumidifier 21....Cooling water circulation pump for dehumidifier 22. Supply gas humidity measuring instrument 23. Supply gas temperature measuring device 24. Cooling water circulation pump for cooling supply gas 25 Supply gas pressure measuring instrument 26 Supply gas flow rate measuring device 27...Pure water production equipment 28....Adsorbent rotor transmission 29...Rotor with carbon dioxide adsorbent 30 Carbon dioxide recycle gas heat exchanger 31 Carbon dioxide gas circulation blower 32 Carbon dioxide gas extraction valve 33 High pressure carbon dioxide gas cooler 34... Intake filter 35... Waterwheel torque transmission device 36 Supply gas cooler 37 Carbon Dioxide Gas Cooler 38 Biomass Fermentation Tank Heater 39 Hydroelectric Power System 40 Biomass gasification and combustion system

Claims

1. A turbine that uses the energy of either geothermal fluid, biomass combustion heat, or water flow as a driving source without converting it into electricity, and a gas compressor or gas blower connected to the shaft of the turbine directly or via a transmission, Compressing or pressurizing any one or more of the following: biogas containing carbon dioxide gas; exhaust gas from a power generation or heat supply system containing carbon dioxide gas; air containing carbon dioxide gas; or carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered from any one or more of the above gases; and sending it out. A gas compression method for compressing a gas containing carbon dioxide gas using renewable energy, comprising:

2. 13. A method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide, comprising: adiabatically compressing one or more of biogas, exhaust gas, and air to high temperature and pressure using the gas compressor or gas blower as defined in claim 1; or sending out the gas; and then cooling and dehumidifying the gas using one or more of geothermal fluid, heat of combustion of biomass, cold energy contained in running water, and cold energy obtained by a turbo chiller driven by electricity obtained by hydroelectric power generation; and then passing the gas through a carbon dioxide separation membrane to separate and recover carbon dioxide contained in the supply gas.

3. 2. A method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide, comprising the steps of: adiabatically compressing one or more of biogas, exhaust gas, air, or carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered from these gases by the gas compressor or gas blower as defined in claim 1 to increase the temperature and pressure of the gas or to send out the gas; cooling and dehumidifying the gas by using one or more of geothermal fluid or biomass combustion heat, cold heat obtained by an absorption chiller or adsorption chiller driven by heat contained in the adiabatically compressed gas, cold heat contained in running water, or cold heat obtained by a turbo chiller driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power, thereby adsorbing the carbon dioxide contained in the compressed gas into a carbon dioxide adsorbent; and heating the adsorbent by using geothermal fluid or biomass combustion heat, heat contained in the adiabatically compressed gas or the separated and recovered carbon dioxide gas, or heat obtained from a heater driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power, to release and recover the carbon dioxide, thereby separating and recovering the carbon dioxide contained in the supply gas.

4. A method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that one or more of a temperature measuring device, a humidity measuring device, a pressure measuring device, or a flow measuring device is provided in the upstream piping of the separation membrane or the adsorbent, and the temperature, humidity, pressure and flow rate of the supply gas are controlled based on the measurement values ​​obtained from the measuring devices so as to optimize the performance of gas separation and recovery using the carbon dioxide separation membrane or the carbon dioxide adsorbent.

5. A method for solidifying and liquefying carbon dioxide, characterized in that carbon dioxide gas is compressed by the method described in claim 1, and then the compressed carbon dioxide gas is cooled and liquefied or solidified using one or more of the following: geothermal fluid or biomass combustion heat, cold energy obtained by an absorption chiller or adsorption chiller driven by heat contained in the adiabatically compressed gas, cold energy contained in running water, or cold energy obtained by a turbo chiller driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power, thereby recovering the carbon dioxide gas separated and recovered by the method described in claim 2 or 3 as liquefied carbon dioxide or dry ice.

6. A method for separating and recovering carbon dioxide, comprising the steps of: performing fuel cell power generation or oxyfuel combustion power generation using biomethane obtained after separating and recovering carbon dioxide from biogas by the method of claim 2 or 3; and returning a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor obtained from the power generation system to the upstream of the gas compressor or gas blower of claim 1, thereby separating and recovering carbon dioxide generated in conjunction with the use of the separated biomethane as fuel.

7. A method for oxidizing biomethane, comprising: electrolyzing drain water obtained by the dehumidifying and cooling process of claim 2, or pure water obtained by purifying geothermal fluid, river water, or seawater after power generation or cold energy utilization, using power generated from the energy of either geothermal fluid, water flow, or biomass containing the biomethane of claim 6; mixing the resulting hydrogen into a supply pipe for the biomethane of claim 6 to increase power generation output; and supplying the resulting oxygen as an oxidizing agent in fuel cell power generation or oxyfuel combustion power generation, thereby converting the exhaust gas obtained when utilizing the biomethane of claim 6 into a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

8. 13. A method for improving energy efficiency when using biomass energy, comprising: heating a biomass fermentation tank or drying woody biomass with hot heat obtained by gas adiabatic compression as claimed in claim 1 or claim 5; hot heat obtained from exhaust heat generated during power generation as claimed in claim 6; or heat obtained from a heater driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power generation; and cooling the biomass fermentation tank using one or more of geothermal fluid or biomass combustion heat, cold heat obtained by an absorption chiller or adsorption chiller driven by heat contained in the adiabatically compressed gas, cold heat contained in running water, or cold heat obtained by a turbo chiller driven by electricity generated by hydroelectric power generation, thereby maximizing the amount of biogas generated by optimal temperature control of the biomass fermentation tank and improving combustibility by drying the woody biomass.

9. A method for driving components of a carbon dioxide separation and capture system, characterized in that one or more of the following electricity is supplied to any one or more of the components and their associated facilities described in claims 1 to 8, and a system for controlling the operation of the components: electricity obtained when generating electricity using steam obtained by the heat of combustion of geothermal fluid or biomass described in claim 1; electricity obtained by binary power generation using hot water discharged from a steam separator when the steam is introduced into the steam separator; electricity obtained by hydroelectric power generation; and surplus electricity obtained by power generation using biomethane described in claim 6.

10. 13. A carbon dioxide separation and recovery system utilizing renewable energy, comprising: a gas compression or gas delivery method according to claim 1; and a carbon dioxide separation and recovery method according to claims 2, 3, or 4, for separating and recovering carbon dioxide from biogas, or from exhaust gas or air of a power generation or heat supply system; and a method according to claim 5 for recovering the separated and recovered carbon dioxide as liquefied carbon dioxide or dry ice.

11. A carbon dioxide separation and capture system utilizing renewable energy, comprising: a carbon dioxide separation and capture system utilizing biogas according to claim 10, characterized in that the method according to claims 6 to 9 is used to utilize the hydrocarbon fuel components in the biogas as energy, and carbon dioxide generated during the energy utilization is also liquefied or recovered as dry ice.

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