Fluid Path Connections

Abstract

To provide a connection part of a fluid path which makes a gasket less likely to be displaced from an attached position and be removed from a groove of a housing when the gasket receives a force, such as an oil pressure, generated by a negative pressure etc. and acting in a direction toward the fluid path.SOLUTION: A connection part of a fluid path includes: a housing 10 which has fluid paths 15 of a fluid formed so as to penetrate through two members 11, 12 coupled to each other and in which the two paths are connected in a fluid flow direction; and a gasket 100 which is attached to a groove 17 formed inside the housing 10 to seal the fluid. The housing 10 has a structure in which an inner wall for preventing removal of the gasket 100 from the groove 17 is not provided. The gasket 100 has: an annular gasket body; an annular seal bead which contacts with a side surface of the groove 17 and inclines downward to the radial inner side to seal the fluid when the gasket 100 is attached to the groove 17 of the housing 10; and a projection part 25 located at the outer side relative to the seal bead and extending outward from an outer periphery of the gasket body.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a connection portion of a fluid path, and more particularly to a connection portion of a fluid path such as hydraulic fluid in an automobile or the like. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, in a flow path such as an oil passage in an automobile or the like, when two flow paths are connected in the direction of flow of a fluid (e.g., lubricating oil), an O-ring or gasket (e.g., gasket) is provided as a flat seal between these flow paths (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 6).

[0003] Specifically, examples of such gaskets include the gasket described in Patent Document 4, which is used at the connection parts of hydraulic paths and prevents oil leakage at the connection parts when subjected to pressure from the hydraulic paths.

[0004] Also known are gaskets such as the one described in Patent Document 5, which have an outer protruding lip that aligns the gasket and the joint groove portion, and a sealing structure such as the one described in Patent Document 6, which has an annular bulge and seals between two components by pressing and deforming this bulge.

[0005] Furthermore, in addition to Patent Documents 1 to 6, plasma-resistant seals and the like are known as flat seals, and Patent Document 7 describes a plasma-resistant seal comprising a metal jacket having a circumferential groove portion that opens in the outer diameter direction, and an elastic member made of an organic material having a fitting portion that fits into this circumferential groove portion. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 2010-236580 A [Patent Document 2] Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 7-42462 [Patent Document 3] Special Publication No. 2017-514087 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 6-32834 [Patent Document 5] Special Publication No. 2017-514075 [Patent Document 6] JP 2001-141061 A [Patent Document 7] JP 2003-343727 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] Here, the gasket etc. is placed in a groove in the housing at the joint (connection) between the two flow paths, but there was a concern that the gasket would come off the groove when negative pressure etc. was generated in the flow path due to ON / OFF of hydraulic pressure etc. Therefore, an inner wall was provided in the housing to prevent the gasket from coming off the groove.

[0008] However, in recent years, components (one-side members, other-side members) of vehicles such as automobiles have become smaller and more complex, and the space between the multiple flow paths of the components has become narrower. For this reason, housings with a structure that does not have an inner wall have been adopted.

[0009] In a housing having such a structure without an inner wall, there is still a concern that the gaskets and the like described in Patent Documents 1 to 6 may shift from their installed positions or become detached from the housing when the hydraulic fluid or other fluid becomes negative pressure, etc. Therefore, there is room for further improvement in terms of making it difficult for the gaskets to shift from their installed positions or become detached from the housing.

[0010] For these reasons, there has been a need to develop a gasket that is installed at the connection of a fluid path (fluid path) for hydraulic pressure or the like, and that is unlikely to shift from its installed position or come off from its housing groove even when subjected to a force toward the fluid path due to negative pressure, etc.

[0011] The present invention has been made in consideration of such conventional technology, and its objective is to develop a connection part for a fluid path that is unlikely to shift from its installed position and that is unlikely to cause the gasket to come off from the groove in the housing, even when it is subjected to a force toward the fluid path, such as hydraulic pressure, due to negative pressure, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] According to the present invention, there is provided a fluid path connection as follows.

[0013] [1] A housing having two members that are joined to each other, a fluid path formed to penetrate the two members, and connecting two flow paths in a fluid flow direction; a gasket that is fitted in a groove formed inside the housing to seal the fluid; A fluid flow path connection comprising: The housing has a structure that does not include an inner wall that prevents the gasket from coming out of the groove, The gasket is An annular gasket body; an annular seal bead that, when installed in the groove of the housing, comes into contact with a side surface of the groove and falls radially inward to seal the fluid; a protrusion located outside the seal bead and extending outward from an outer periphery of the gasket body, A fluid flow path connection portion, the protrusion being disposed in a compressed state within the housing to apply a reaction force to the housing and limit movement of the gasket body. [2] The housing has the groove, The fluid flow path connection portion according to [1], wherein the protrusion portion is a rubber-like elastic body.

[0014] [ 3 ] A fluid flow path connection portion as described in [1], wherein the protrusion portion extends radially of the gasket body so as to be sandwiched in the gap between the two components of the housing.

[0015] [4 ] A fluid flow path connection portion as described in [1], wherein the protrusion portion extends along the axial direction of the gasket body and is positioned within the housing in a compressed state in the direction of extension.

[0016] [ 5 A notch is formed in at least one of the two members of the housing, The fluid flow path connection portion according to [1] above, wherein the protrusion portion is inserted into the notch portion in a compressed state in the direction in which the protrusion portion extends.

[0017] [ 6 The width of the protrusion is smaller than the width of the notch. 5 ] A connection part for a fluid flow path described in the above.

[0018] [ 7 The protrusion is annular and is formed continuously in the circumferential direction along the outer periphery of the gasket body. 6 ] A connection part for a fluid flow path according to any one of the preceding claims.

[0019] [ 8 The protrusion has a compression rate of 40% or less when compressed into the housing. 6 ] A connection part for a fluid flow path according to any one of the preceding claims. Effect of the Invention

[0020] The fluid path connection part of the present invention has the advantage that even if no inner wall is provided within the housing, the gasket is unlikely to shift from its installed position or come off from the groove in the housing when a force is applied toward the fluid path due to negative pressure, such as hydraulic pressure, within the fluid path. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] 1 is a plan view showing a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a gasket used in a connection portion of a fluid path of the present invention. FIG. [Diagram 2]2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic view of the AA cross section in FIG. 1 as viewed in the direction of the arrow. [Diagram 3] 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic state of the gasket shown in FIG. 1 during use. FIG. [Figure 4] 3 is a cross-sectional view that typically shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 2 in another embodiment of a gasket used in a connecting portion of a fluid pathway of the present invention. FIG. [Diagram 5] 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic state of the gasket shown in FIG. 4 during use. FIG. [Figure 6] 3 is a cross-sectional view that typically shows a cross section corresponding to FIG. 2 in another embodiment of a gasket used in a connecting portion of a fluid pathway of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 7] 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic state of the gasket shown in FIG. 6 during use. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment, and that appropriate design changes, improvements, etc. may be made based on the ordinary knowledge of a person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0023] (1) Fluid flow path connection: A fluid flow path connection part includes a housing 10 having two members 11, 12 joined to each other, a fluid path 15 formed to penetrate the two members 11, 12, and connecting the two flow paths 11, 12 in the direction of fluid flow, and a gasket 100 that is attached to a groove 17 formed inside the housing 10 and seals the fluid, the housing 10 having a structure without an inner wall that prevents the gasket 100 from coming off the groove 17. The gasket 100 has an annular gasket body 23, an annular seal bead 27 that contacts the side of the groove 17 when attached to the groove 17 of the housing 10 and falls radially inward to seal the fluid, and a protrusion 25 that is located outside the seal bead 27 and extends outward from the outer periphery of the gasket body 23. The protrusion 25 is arranged in a compressed state inside the housing 10 and applies a reaction force to the housing 10, restricting the movement of the gasket body 23.

[0024] Even if no inner wall is provided within the housing 10, the connection portion of such a fluid path is unlikely to shift from its installed position and is unlikely to come off from the groove 17 of the housing 10 when a force is applied toward the path 15 due to negative pressure, such as hydraulic pressure, within the path 15.

[0025] (1-1) Gasket: One embodiment of the gasket used in the connection of the fluid path of the present invention is a gasket 100 shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The gasket 100 is a gasket that is fitted to a groove 17 (see Fig. 3) formed inside a housing 10 (see Fig. 3) that includes two members 11, 12 (see Fig. 3) that are joined together and has a fluid path (fluid path) 15 (see Fig. 3) that is formed to penetrate the two members 11, 12, and seals the fluid. The gasket 100 has an annular gasket body 23, an annular seal bead 27 that contacts a side surface 17a of the groove 17 to seal the fluid when fitted to the groove 17 of the housing 10, and a protrusion 25 that is located outside the seal bead 27 and extends outward from the outer periphery of the gasket body 23. The protrusion 25 is arranged in a compressed state inside the housing 10 (see Fig. 3) and applies a reaction force to the housing 10, thereby restricting the movement of the gasket body 23 (i.e., the gasket 100).

[0026] The gasket 100 is used to seal connections of fluid paths such as hydraulic fluids in automobiles, etc., and can be used specifically as a joint seal within automatic transmissions (ATs) in vehicles such as automobiles, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, etc.

[0027] At the connection of a hydraulic fluid path in an automobile or the like, the inside of fluid path 15 may become negative pressure due to ON / OFF of hydraulic fluid, and this negative pressure may cause gasket 100 to receive a force in the direction toward fluid path 15. Even in such a case, gasket 100 is unlikely to shift from the attached position and is unlikely to come off groove 17 of housing 10 because it has protrusion 25.

[0028] The gasket used in the connection of the fluid path of the present invention may be made of rubber alone, and the above-mentioned effects of the present invention can be obtained even if the gasket used in the connection of the fluid path of the present invention is made of rubber alone, but other members such as a reinforcing ring may be used as appropriate. For example, the reinforcing ring is a member having rigidity such as metal embedded in the gasket body 23. This reinforcing ring may be a conventionally known member as appropriate.

[0029] (1-1-1) Gasket body: The gasket body 23 is annular. The gasket body 23 is fitted into the groove 17 of the housing 10, and ensures sealing between the two members 11 and 12 (see FIG. 3) that constitute the housing 10.

[0030] The gasket body 23 is made of a rubber-like elastic body, and may be made of any of a variety of conventionally known materials, such as nitrile, acrylic, silicone, and fluorine resins.

[0031] The outer diameter of the gasket body 23 can be set to be slightly smaller than the diameter of the bottom surface of the groove 17 formed in the housing 10. In this way, the sealing performance between the two members 11, 12 constituting the housing 10 can be ensured.

[0032] (1-1-2) Seal bead: The seal bead 27 is annular and contacts the side surface 17a of the groove 17 to seal the fluid when the gasket 100 is installed in the groove 17 of the housing 10. More specifically, when the gasket 100 is installed in the groove 17 of the housing 10, the seal bead 27 is in close contact with the side surface 17a of the groove 17 and is configured to collapse radially inward due to the presence of a tightening margin.

[0033] The shape, size, material, etc. of the seal bead 27 are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined and used.

[0034] The seal bead 27 may be made of, for example, a rubber-like elastic body, and specific examples of the material include resins such as nitrile, acrylic, silicone, and fluorine.

[0035] The seal bead 27 is preferably formed integrally with the gasket body 23 .

[0036] (1-1-3)Protrusion: The protrusion 25 is located outside the seal bead 27 and extends outward from the outer periphery of the gasket body 23. The protrusion 25 is arranged in a compressed state within the housing 10, and applies a reaction force to the housing 10, restricting the movement of the gasket body 23. By having such a protrusion 25, the gasket 100 is unlikely to shift from the attached position and to come off the groove of the housing 10 even when the gasket 100 receives a force toward the fluid path due to negative pressure or the like in the fluid path of hydraulic pressure or the like. Specifically, since the protrusion 25 is arranged in a state of applying a reaction force to the housing 10, even if the gasket 100 receives a force toward the fluid path, the protrusion 25 and the housing 10 exert forces on each other, so that the movement of the gasket 100 is prevented.

[0037] There are no particular restrictions on the material of protrusion 25, so long as it is positioned in a compressed state within housing 10 and applies a reaction force to housing 10, but examples of the material include resins such as nitrile, acrylic, silicone, and fluorine.

[0038] The protrusions 25 may be formed integrally with the gasket body 23, or may be formed separately and fixed to the gasket body 23, but it is preferable that they are formed integrally with the gasket body 23. In this way, the number of steps required to manufacture the gasket 100 can be reduced.

[0039] The direction in which the protrusion 25 extends is not particularly limited, but for example, it may (a) extend radially of the gasket body 23 so as to be sandwiched in the gap 29 (see Figure 3) between the two members 11, 12 of the housing 10 (first embodiment), or (b) extend along the axial direction of the gasket body 23.

[0040] Further examples of the above embodiment (b) include an embodiment in which no notch 37 corresponding to the protrusion 25 is formed in the two members 11, 12 of the housing 10 (second embodiment), and an embodiment in which a notch 37 is formed in at least one of the two members 11, 12 of the housing 10 and the protrusion 25 is inserted into this notch 37 in a predetermined state (third embodiment).

[0041] 2 shows the first embodiment, and is an example showing a gasket 100 in which a protrusion 25 extending in the radial direction of the gasket body 23 is formed so as to be sandwiched in a gap 29 between two members 11, 12 of the housing 10. When such a protrusion 25 is provided, the gasket is less likely to shift from the attached position and to come off from the groove of the housing 10.

[0042] 4 illustrates the second embodiment, and is an example showing a gasket 101 having a protrusion 25 formed to extend along the axial direction of the gasket body 23. When such a protrusion 25 is provided, the gasket is less likely to shift from the attached position and is less likely to come off the groove of the housing 10.

[0043] 6 and 7 show the third embodiment, in which gasket 102 is formed with protrusions 25 extending along the axial direction of gasket body 23, and the protrusions 25 are inserted in a predetermined state into notches 37. Protrusions 25 like these make it difficult for the gasket 102 to shift from its installed position and to come out of the grooves in housing 10. Specifically, in addition to the reaction force applied to housing 10, protrusions 25 get caught in notches 37, mechanically preventing gasket 102 from moving.

[0044] In the first embodiment described above, the shape, formation range, protruding height H1 of protrusion 25 (i.e., height from gasket body 23), thickness D1 of protrusion 25, etc. are not particularly limited and can be set appropriately, but will be explained below.

[0045] The shape of the protrusions 25 may be a quadrangular shape such as a rectangle in a cross section parallel to the axial direction of the gasket 100 (a shape in which the width of the protrusions 25 is constant from the base to the tip of the protrusions 25).

[0046] The projections 25 may be formed continuously in the circumferential direction along the outer periphery of the gasket body 23 (i.e., annularly formed along the entire outer periphery of the gasket body 23). In this way, the gasket 100 is less likely to shift and to come off the groove of the housing 10.

[0047] The protruding height H1 of the protruding portion 25 (ie, the height from the gasket body 23) is not particularly limited and can be set appropriately.

[0048] The thickness D1 of the protrusion 25 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a thickness that provides a compression rate of 40% or less when compressed into the housing 10, preferably a thickness of 5 to 40%, and more preferably a thickness of 10 to 35%. By setting the thickness in such a range, the gasket 100 is less likely to slip out of place and to come off the groove of the housing 10, and the protrusion 25 can be prevented from cracking at its base during use. The thickness D1 of the protrusion 25 is the length perpendicular to the protruding height H1 of the protrusion in a cross section parallel to the axial direction of the gasket 100.

[0049] In the above-mentioned second embodiment, the shape, formation range, protruding height H2 of protrusion 25 (i.e., height from gasket body 23), thickness D2 of protrusion 25, etc. are not particularly limited and can be set appropriately, but will be explained below.

[0050] The shape of protrusion 25 may be a quadrangular shape such as a rectangle in a cross section parallel to the axial direction of gasket 101 (a shape in which the width of protrusion 25 is constant from the base to the tip of protrusion 25).

[0051] The projections 25 may be formed continuously in the circumferential direction along the outer periphery of the gasket body 23 (i.e., annularly formed along the entire outer periphery of the gasket body 23). In this way, the gasket 100 is less likely to shift and to come off the groove of the housing 10.

[0052] The protruding height H2 of the protruding portion 25 (ie, the height from the gasket body 23) is not particularly limited and can be set appropriately.

[0053] The thickness D2 of the protrusion 25 is not particularly limited, and may be set to a thickness that provides a compression rate of 40% or less when compressed into the housing 10, preferably a thickness of 5 to 40%, and more preferably a thickness of 10 to 35%. By setting the thickness in such a range, the gasket 101 is less likely to slip out of place and to come off the groove of the housing 10, and the protrusion 25 can be prevented from cracking at its base during use. The thickness D2 of the protrusion 25 is the maximum length perpendicular to the protruding height H2 of the protrusion in a cross section parallel to the axial direction of the gasket 101.

[0054] In the above-mentioned third embodiment, the shape, formation range, protruding height H3 of protrusion 25 (i.e., height from gasket body 23), thickness D3 of protrusion 25, etc. are not particularly limited and can be set appropriately, but will be explained below.

[0055] The shape of the protrusion 25 in a cross section parallel to the axial direction of the gasket 102 can be a quadrangular shape such as a rectangle (a shape in which the width of the protrusion 25 is constant from the base to the tip of the protrusion 25), a semicircular shape, or the like.

[0056] The projection 25 may be formed continuously in the circumferential direction along the outer periphery of the gasket body 23 (i.e., in the form of a ring formed along the entire outer periphery of the gasket body 23). In this way, the gasket 102 is less likely to shift and is less likely to come off the groove of the housing 10.

[0057] The protruding height H3 of the protrusion 25 (i.e., the height from the gasket body 23) is not particularly limited and can be set appropriately. The protruding height H3 is greater than the depth of the cutout 37.

[0058] The thickness D3 of the protrusion 25 is not particularly limited and can be set appropriately. Note that the thickness D3 of the protrusion 25 is the maximum length perpendicular to the protruding height H3 of the convex portion in a cross section parallel to the axial direction of the gasket 100.

[0059] As described above, the material of the protrusion 25 in the third embodiment is not particularly limited, but it is more preferable that the protrusion 25 be made of a material capable of contacting the notch 37 and restricting the movement of the gasket body 23. Examples of the material include resins such as nitrile, acrylic, silicone, and fluorine. The rubber hardness of the protrusion is not particularly limited either, and can be set appropriately.

[0060] (2) Method of using gaskets in fluid flow path connections: A method of using a gasket in a connection part of a fluid flow path of the present invention will be described below. First, a gasket (for example, gaskets 100, 101) is placed between two members 11, 12 constituting a housing 10, and the gasket is attached to a groove 17 of the housing 10. At this time, when the protrusion 25 is, for example, the first aspect, the protrusion 25 is placed in a compressed state sandwiched in the gap between the two members 11, 12. When the protrusion 25 is, for example, the second aspect, the protrusion 25 is placed in a compressed state in contact with the upper member 11 of the two members 11, 12. Furthermore, when the protrusion 25 is, for example, the third aspect, the protrusion 25 is inserted into a notch 37 formed in at least one member 12 of the two members 11, 12.

[0061] In this way, when a predetermined gasket is disposed at the connection portion of the fluid flow path of the present invention, the sealing property between the two members 11, 12 constituting the housing 10 is ensured, and the protrusion 25 applies a reaction force to the housing 10, so that the members are unlikely to shift from the attached position and are unlikely to come off the groove of the housing 10. The two members 11, 12 can be joined to each other by a conventionally known means. EXAMPLES

[0062] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0063] Example 1 A gasket as shown in Figures 1 and 2 was produced. This gasket had a protrusion extending in the radial direction of the gasket body formed thereon so as to be sandwiched in the gap between two members constituting the housing. Then, as shown in Figure 3, this protrusion was disposed so as to be sandwiched in the gap between two members (connecting parts of the fluid path) constituting the housing. The compression rate of the protrusion at this time was 40%.

[0064] After that, lubricating oil was poured into the hydraulic passage inside the housing. It was assumed that even if the hydraulic passage became negative pressure at that time, the gasket would not easily shift from its installed position and would not easily come out of the groove in the housing.

[0065] Example 2 A gasket was produced as shown in Figure 4. This gasket had a protrusion extending along the axial direction of the gasket body. Then, as shown in Figure 5, this gasket was placed in a groove in a housing. The compression ratio of the protrusion at this time was 40%.

[0066] After that, lubricating oil was poured into the hydraulic passage inside the housing. It was assumed that even if the hydraulic passage became negative pressure at that time, the gasket would not easily shift from its installed position and would not easily come out of the groove in the housing.

[0067] Example 3 A gasket was produced as shown in Figure 6. This gasket had a convex portion extending outward in the axial direction from the outer periphery of the gasket body. Then, as shown in Figure 7, this gasket was placed in a groove in a housing. At this time, the convex portion was placed so as to be inserted into a notch formed on the inside of the housing.

[0068] After that, lubricating oil was poured into the hydraulic passage inside the housing. It was assumed that even if the hydraulic passage became negative pressure at that time, the gasket would not easily shift from its installed position and would not easily come out of the groove in the housing.

[0069] Comparative Example 1 A gasket (conventional gasket) having no protrusions or convex portions as shown in Examples 1 to 3 was prepared and placed in a groove in a housing. Then, lubricating oil was flowed in the hydraulic path in the housing to perform an evaluation.

[0070] In this comparative example, there was a concern that the gasket would come off the housing.

[0071] From the results of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, it is inferred that the gaskets at the connections of the fluid pathways in Examples 1 to 3 are less likely to shift from their installed positions and are less likely to come off the housing grooves than the gasket in Comparative Example 1. [Industrial Applicability]

[0072] The fluid path connection part of the present invention can be employed as a connection part of a path (fluid path) for hydraulic fluid or the like in an automobile or the like. [Explanation of symbols]

[0073] 10: housing, 11, 12: two components, 15: path (fluid path), 17: groove, 17a: side surface, 23: gasket body, 25: protrusion, 27: seal bead, 29: gap, 37: notch, 100, 101, 102: gasket.

Claims

1. a housing including two members joined to each other, the housing having a fluid path formed to pass through the two members and connecting the two flow paths in a fluid flow direction; a gasket that is fitted in a groove formed inside the housing to seal the fluid; A fluid flow path connection comprising: The housing has a structure that does not include an inner wall that prevents the gasket from coming out of the groove, The gasket is An annular gasket body; an annular seal bead that, when installed in the groove of the housing, comes into contact with a side surface of the groove and falls radially inward to seal the fluid; a protrusion located outside the seal bead and extending outward from an outer periphery of the gasket body, A fluid flow path connection portion, the protrusion being disposed in a compressed state within the housing to apply a reaction force to the housing and limit movement of the gasket body.

2. The housing has the groove, The fluid flow path connecting portion according to claim 1 , wherein the protrusion portion is made of a rubber-like elastic body.

3. The fluid flow path connection according to claim 1 , wherein the protrusion extends in a radial direction of the gasket body so as to be sandwiched in a gap between the two members of the housing.

4. The fluid flow path connection portion according to claim 1 , wherein the protrusion extends along an axial direction of the gasket body and is disposed within the housing in a compressed state in the extending direction.

5. A notch is formed in at least one of the two members of the housing, The fluid flow path connecting portion according to claim 1 , wherein the protrusion is inserted into the notch in a state compressed in a direction in which the protrusion extends.

6. The fluid flow path connection portion according to claim 5 , wherein the protrusion portion has a width smaller than a width of the notch portion.

7. 7. The fluid flow path connection portion according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion is annular and is formed continuously in a circumferential direction along an outer periphery of the gasket body.

8. 7. The fluid flow path connection portion according to claim 1, wherein the protrusion has a compression rate of 40% or less when compressed into the housing.

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