Joint structure of structural materials

Abstract

To provide a joining structure of structural materials capable of being easily constructed.SOLUTION: A joining structure of structural materials 1 in which a second structural material 20 is vertically attached to the side of a first structural material 10, in which the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 include respectively: load support parts 11, 21; covering members 12, 22 covering the side faces along the axial directions Z1, Z2 of the load support parts 11, 21; and burning layers 13, 23 outside the covering members 12, 22. In the joining structure of structural materials, an end face 21a on the first structural material 10 side of the load support part 21 of the second structural material 20 is joined to the first structural material 10 via a bracket 3 located radially outside of the first structural material 10 than the covering member 12 of the first structural material 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a joint structure for structural materials. [Background technology]

[0002] When wood is heated from the outside during a fire, its surface burns and a charred layer is formed. If this charred layer is formed uniformly on the surface of the wood, it prevents heat from penetrating into the wood, and inhibits structural deterioration inside the wood. Taking advantage of this characteristic, a technique is known in which the wood used for pillars, beams, etc. is made thicker, and a burned area of ​​a predetermined thickness is provided on the surface of the wood to burn and form a charred layer, so that a sound cross section capable of supporting a long-term load is ensured inside the wood after combustion. Structural materials with such burned areas are also used in the main structural parts of wooden buildings to make them semi-fireproof. As an example of a structural material with a burn gap, a wooden building component is known which is characterized by comprising a structural section with a long, rectangular cross section that receives the load, a covering section that covers at least three sides of the cross section of the structural section over its entire length, and an insulating section that is layered between the structural section and the covering section and prevents the load acting on the structural section from being transmitted to the covering section (see Patent Document 1).

[0003] Various techniques have been proposed for joining fire-resistant materials with a fire-retardant surface on wood or a composite material of wood and other materials. For example, Patent Document 2 proposes a joining structure for structural materials in which a recess is provided in the column to expose the fire-retardant material that constitutes the fire-retardant layer located inside the fire-retardant layer, and the beam is abutted against the recess to join the column and the beam. Patent Document 3 proposes a joining structure in which a gusset plate of a bracket fixed to the side of the column is inserted into a slit extending from the underside of the beam to the wooden core of the beam, and a plug member is inserted into the slit. Patent Document 4 proposes a joining structure in which a column member and a beam member are joined via a joint member made of a material that is harder than wood and has excellent fire resistance. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2007-46286 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2008-014036 A [Patent Document 3] JP 2014-201984 A [Patent Document 4] JP 2020-118001 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In the wooden building components of Patent Document 1, the structural parts are covered with covering parts and insulating parts, so that the covering parts and insulating parts may get in the way when trying to join the structural parts of the wooden building components together. Therefore, when manufacturing wooden building components in a factory or the like, covering parts and insulating parts are not applied to the parts corresponding to the joints of the wooden building components, but rather, it is necessary to apply covering parts and insulating parts to the joints after joining the structural parts of the wooden building components together at the construction site. Thus, when joining the wooden building components of this document together, the work at the construction site is time-consuming.

[0006] In the joint structure of Patent Document 2, it is difficult to make the fire-retardant layer of the column and the fire-retardant layer of the beam continuous without any gaps at the joint between the column and the beam. If a gap occurs between the fire-retardant layer of the column and the fire-retardant layer of the beam, it is necessary to fill the gap. However, in the same document, the fire-retardant layer of the column and the fire-retardant layer of the beam face each other in a recess of the column, so the gap is located in the recess. Therefore, in the same document, it is very time-consuming to fill the gap between the fire-retardant layer of the column and the fire-retardant layer of the beam.

[0007] In Patent Document 3, it takes time and effort to manufacture plug members that fit the shape of the slit holes formed in the beams. Also, in order to prevent the fire resistance of the slit holes in the beams from being impaired, it is necessary to fit the plug members into the slit holes without leaving any gaps, but it takes time and effort to fit the plug members into the slit holes without leaving any gaps. In Patent Document 4, it is necessary to use a material that is harder than wood and has excellent fire resistance as the joint material, and the joint structure in this document has low versatility.

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a joining structure for structural materials that can be easily constructed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The present invention provides a joining structure for structural materials in which a second structural material is vertically joined to the side of a first structural material, wherein the first structural material and the second structural material each have a load-bearing portion, a fire-resistant covering member covering the side surface along the axial direction of the load-bearing portion, and a burnt layer arranged on the outside of the covering member, and the second structural material is joined to the first structural material via a metal fitting that positions the end face of the load-bearing portion of the second structural material facing the first structural material radially outward from the covering member of the first structural material. Effect of the Invention

[0010] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a joining structure for structural materials that can be easily constructed. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1(a) is a cross-sectional view showing a typical joint structure of structural materials according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line Ia-Ia in FIG. 1(a). [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. [Diagram 3] 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating a method for fixing the plate-shaped portion of the metal member to the load-supporting portion of the second structural material. [Figure 4] FIG. 4(a) is a cross-sectional view showing a typical joint structure of structural materials according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line IVa-IVa in FIG. 4(a). [Diagram 5] FIG. 5(a) is a cross-sectional view showing a typical joint structure of structural materials according to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line Va-Va in FIG. 5(a). [Figure 6] FIG. 6(a) is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the joint structure shown in FIG. 5, and FIG. 6(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line VIa-VIa in FIG. 6(a). [Figure 7] FIG. 7(a) is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the joint structure shown in FIG. 5, and FIG. 7(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line VIIa-VIIa in FIG. 7(a). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] The present invention will now be described in detail based on preferred embodiments thereof. 1(a) and 1(b) show a joint structure 1, which is a preferred embodiment of the joint structure for structural materials of the present invention. The joint structure 1 is a joint structure for structural materials in which a second structural material 20 is joined vertically to the side surface of a first structural material 10.

[0013] The first structural member 10 is, for example, a structural timber used as a pillar of a building. The first structural member 10 includes a load-bearing portion 11, a fire-resistant covering member 12 that covers the side surface of the load-bearing portion 11 along the axial direction Z1, and a burnt layer 13 disposed on the outside of the covering member 12. The cross-sectional design of the load support portion 11 is such that the load support portion 11 alone is structurally safe against long-term loads such as fixed loads, live loads, and snow loads. Such cross-sectional designs are well known. The cross-sectional shape of the load support portion 11 is rectangular, and the vertical and horizontal lengths of the load support portion 11 in the cross-section of the first structural member 10 can be changed as appropriate depending on the shape or size of the beams or columns.

[0014] The covering member 12 covers four side surfaces along the axial direction Z1 of the load support portion 11. The covering member 12 includes a first covering member 12a covering both sides of the load support portion 11 in one direction X1 of the cross section of the first structural material 10, and a second covering member 12b covering both sides of the load support portion 11 in an orthogonal direction Y1 perpendicular to the one direction X1. The first covering member 12a has both ends in the Y direction that coincide with both ends of the load support portion 11 in the Y direction, and covers the load support portion 11 over the entire area in the Y direction. The first covering member 12a can be fixed to the side of the load support portion 11 by screws or the like. In this embodiment, the first covering member 12a is made of a laminated body in which two plate-shaped members are stacked. Each plate-shaped member constituting the laminate may be made of a plurality of members connected together by a fastening material. As the fastening material, for example, an adhesive, a screw, a nail, a staple, or the like can be used. The first covering member 12a may also be a laminated body in which three or more plate-shaped members are stacked together. In the laminate, the plate-shaped members constituting the laminate may be bonded in advance by an adhesive or the like, or may not be bonded. The laminate may be fixed to a fixed member such as the load support portion 11 with or without bonding the plate-shaped members constituting the laminate. The same applies to the case in which the second covering member 12b and the corner reinforcing member 15 described later are made of a laminate. The first covering member 12a may be a single plate-shaped member.

[0015] In this embodiment, a corner reinforcing member 15 is disposed on the outer surface of the first covering member 12a. More specifically, the corner reinforcing member 15 is disposed in a state where a part of the corner reinforcing member 15 overlaps with the outer surface of the first covering member 12a and where a part of the corner reinforcing member 15 extends from one end of the load support portion 11 in the Y direction (see FIG. 1(a)). Here, the overlapping state means a state where the corner reinforcing member 15 and the first covering member 12a have an overlapping part, and includes not only a state where the corner reinforcing member 15 and the first covering member 12a are in contact with each other, but also a state where the corner reinforcing member 15 and the first covering member 12a are separated from each other. In this embodiment, the corner reinforcing member 15 and the first covering member 12a are in contact with each other. In this embodiment, the corner reinforcing member 15 also extends from one end of the first covering member 12a.

[0016] The corner reinforcing member 15 can be fixed to the outer surface of the first covering member 12a by screws or the like. In this embodiment, the corner reinforcing member 15 is made of a laminated body in which two plate-shaped members are stacked. Each plate-shaped member constituting the laminate may be made of a plurality of members connected by a fastening material. The corner reinforcing member 15 may also be a laminated body in which three or more plate-shaped members are stacked. Note that the plate-shaped members constituting the corner reinforcing member 15 do not necessarily need to be connected by a fastening material, and the ends of the plate-shaped members may be butted against each other. The corner reinforcing member 15 may be a single plate-shaped member.

[0017] The second covering member 12b extends from both ends of the load support portion 11 in the X1 direction, and the tip surface in the extending direction faces the portion of the corner reinforcing member 15 extending from one end of the load support portion 11. In this embodiment, the second covering member 12b is made of a laminated body of two plate-like members stacked together. The second covering member 12b may also be a laminated body of three or more plate-like members stacked together. The second covering member 12b may also be a single plate-like member.

[0018] The burnable layer 13 includes a first burnable layer 13a arranged on the outer side of each of the first covering members 12a in the X1 direction, and a second burnable layer 13b arranged on the outer side of each of the second covering members 12b in the Y1 direction. The first burnable layer 13a is fixed to the outer side of the first covering member 12a via a spacer 17 so as to have a gap 6 between the first covering member 12a and the first covering member 12a. The thickness T of the burnable layer 13 can be set based on a known burnable design. The burnable design is a design method that adds a predetermined burnable amount to a cross section required for long-term structural strength and short-term structural strength during earthquakes, etc., and is a design that ensures non-damage in terms of fire resistance performance (performance of withstanding the load supporting the building even when heated by fire and not collapsing) by the load support part 11, and then provides a burnable layer of a thickness according to the required fire resistance performance around it. For example, a burnable design is performed in which a wood covering of 45 mm is provided for quasi-fire resistance performance for one hour.

[0019] Since the general carbonization speed of wood is about 0.6 mm / min, the thickness T of the burnable layer 13 is preferably 36 mm or more, more preferably 45 mm or more, from the viewpoint of imparting a 1-hour fire resistance to the burnable layer 13. The thickness T of the burnable layer 13 is preferably 72 mm or more, more preferably 90 mm or more, from the viewpoint of imparting a 2-hour fire resistance to the burnable layer 13. The thickness T of the burnable layer 13 is preferably 108 mm or more, more preferably 120 mm or more, from the viewpoint of imparting a 3-hour fire resistance to the burnable layer 13.

[0020] The spacers 17 are disposed intermittently or continuously in either or both of the axial direction Z1 and the direction Z2 perpendicular to the axial direction Z1 of the load support portion 11. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the spacers 17 are disposed intermittently or continuously in the axial direction Z1. In this embodiment, the spacer 17 is fixed to the load support 11 and the first covering member 12a by screws or nails (not shown), and the first burnable layer 13a is fixed to the spacer 17 by screws or nails (not shown). It is preferable that the tip of the screw (not shown) that fixes the first burnable layer 13a does not reach the load support 11 from the viewpoint of preventing the screw or the nail from becoming a thermal bridge. In this embodiment, it is preferable that the first burnable layer 13a is subjected to countersinking so that the screw does not protrude from the outer surface of the first burnable layer 13a.

[0021] In this embodiment, as described above, the second structural member 20 is joined to the side surface of the first structural member 10. The second structural member 20 is, for example, a structural square timber used as a beam in a wooden building. Describing the second structural material 20 in further detail, the second structural material 20 comprises a load-bearing portion 21, a fire-resistant covering member 22 covering the side surface of the load-bearing portion 21 along the axial direction Z2, and a burnt layer 23 applied to the outside of the covering member 22. The load-bearing portion 21 of the second structural material 20, like the load-bearing portion 11 of the first structural material 10, is designed in such a cross-sectional manner that the load-bearing portion 21 alone is structurally safe against long-term loads (long-term loads) such as fixed loads, live loads, and snow loads.

[0022] The covering member 22 of the second structural material 20 covers three side surfaces of the load supporting portion 21 along the axial direction Z2. The covering member 22 includes a first covering member 22a covering both sides of the load supporting portion 21 in one direction X2 of the cross section of the second structural material 20, and a second covering member 22b covering one side of the load supporting portion 21 in an orthogonal direction Y2 perpendicular to the one direction X2. In this embodiment, the positions of the first covering member 22a, the second covering member 22b, and the ends of the load supporting portion 21 in the axial direction Z2 are aligned, and the first covering member 22a and the second covering member 22b cover the load supporting portion 21 over the entire area in the axial direction Z2.

[0023] The first covering member 22a and the second covering member 22b can be fixed to the side of the load support portion 21 by screws or the like. In this embodiment, the first covering member 22a and the second covering member 22b are made of a laminated body in which two plate-like members are stacked. Each plate-like member constituting the laminated body may be made of a plurality of members joined together by a fastening material. The first covering member 22a and the second covering member 22b may be a laminated body in which three or more plate-like members are stacked. In the laminated body, the plate-like members constituting the laminated body may or may not be joined in advance by an adhesive or the like. The first covering member 22a and the second covering member 22b may be a single plate-like member having fire resistance.

[0024] The burnable layer 23 includes a first burnable layer 23a arranged on the outer side of each of the first covering members 22a in the X2 direction, and a second burnable layer 23b arranged on the outer side of the second covering member 22b in the Y2 direction. The first burnable layer 23a is fixed to the outer side of the first covering member 22a via a spacer 27 so as to have a gap 6 between the first covering member 22a and the first covering member 22a. The thickness T of the burnable layer 23 can be set based on a known burnable design, similar to the burnable layer 13 of the first structural material 10.

[0025] The spacers 27 are disposed intermittently or continuously in either or both of the axial direction Z2 and the direction Z1 perpendicular to the axial direction Z2 of the load support portion 21. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the spacers 27 are disposed intermittently or continuously in the Z1 direction. In this embodiment, the method of fixing the spacer 27 of the second structural material 20 to the load support portion 21 and the first covering member 22a may be the same as the method of fixing the spacer 17 of the first structural material 10 to the load support portion 11 and the first covering member 12a. In addition, the method of fixing the first burnable layer 23a of the second structural material 20 to the spacer 27 may be the same as the method of fixing the first burnable layer 13a of the first structural material 10 to the spacer 17.

[0026] As shown in Figures 1(a) and 1(b), the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 are joined via a metal fitting 3. The metal fitting 3 has a function of positioning the end face 21a of the load supporting portion 21 of the second structural material 20 on the first structural material 10 side outside the covering member 12 of the first structural material 10 in the radial direction of the first structural material 10. The radial direction of the first structural material 10 means the direction away from the surface 11e of the load supporting portion 11 of the first structural material 10 that faces the second structural material 20.

[0027] The metal fitting 3 has a plate-like portion 32a that abuts against the side surface 11e of the load support portion 11 of the first structural material 10, a plate-like portion 32b that abuts against the end face 21a of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20, and a connecting portion 31 that connects these plate-like portions 32a, 32b. In this embodiment, the metal fitting 3 is an H-shaped steel having a web portion extending in one direction and flange portions located at both ends of the web portion in the one direction and extending in a direction perpendicular to the one direction. The plate-like portions 32a, 32b correspond to the flange portions, and the connecting portion 31 corresponds to the web portion.

[0028] The plate-shaped portion 32a abutting against the side surface 11e of the load support portion 11 of the first structural material 10 is fixed to the side surface 11e of the load support portion 11 of the first structural material 10, and the plate-shaped portion 32b abutting against the end surface 21a of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20 is fixed to the end surface 21a of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20. Known fasteners such as bolts and nuts can be used as a fixing means for the plate-shaped portions 32a and 32b. In this embodiment, the first structural material 10 has a recess 19 in which the side surface 11e of the load support portion 11 is exposed, and the plate-shaped portion 32a is fixed to the side surface 11e of the load support portion 11 at the recess 19. The recess 19 can be formed by cutting out a part of the burnt layer 13 and the covering member 12 so as to penetrate the burnt layer 13 and the covering member 12 of the first structural material 10.

[0029] In this embodiment, it is preferable that before the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 are joined, the metal fittings 3 are fixed to the first structural material 10 but not fixed to the second structural material 20. In this manner, the first structural material 10 to which the metal fittings 3 are fixed and the second structural material 20 can be carried into the construction site, and the second structural material 20 can be joined to the first structural material 10 simply by fixing the second structural material 20 to the metal fittings 3 fixed to the first structural material 10, so that the joining structure 1 can be easily constructed. From this viewpoint, the preferred method of fixing the plate-shaped portion 32b that abuts against the end face 21a of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20 is to provide a load support portion insertion portion 5 that protrudes vertically from the plate-shaped portion 32b on the plate-shaped portion 32b, insert the load support portion insertion portion 5 into an insertion portion 26 such as a slit formed in advance in the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20, and then drive a drift pin into the side of the second structural material 20 so as to penetrate the load support portion 21 and the load support portion insertion portion 5, as shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b).

[0030] When driving the drift pin through the load support portion 21 and the load support portion insertion portion, it is preferable to make a hole in the portion of the load support portion insertion portion 5 where the drift pin is inserted. The load support portion insertion portion 5 can be provided by joining a steel material having a T-shaped or U-shaped cross section to the plate-shaped portion 32b by any method such as welding or fastening with a bolt (see Figs. 3(a) and 3(b)). It can also be provided by joining or integrally forming a long plate-shaped steel material having a T-shaped cross section to the plate-shaped portion 32b. Fig. 3(a) shows an example in which the load support portion insertion portion 5 is provided to the plate-shaped portion 32b by joining a steel material 51A having a T-shaped cross section to the plate-shaped portion 32b of the metal fitting 3 with a bolt 8. Fig. 3(b) shows an example in which the load support portion insertion portion 5 is provided to the plate-shaped portion 32b by joining a steel material 51B having a U-shaped cross section to the plate-shaped portion 32b of the metal fitting 3 with a bolt 8.

[0031] A recess 21d for accommodating the end 8a of the bolt 8 may be formed at an end of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20 (see Figs. 3(a) and 3(b)). The recess 21d is preferably a groove extending in the direction of hanging down the second structural material 20, from the viewpoint of not hindering the hanging down of the second structural material 20 when the second structural material 20 is hung down and joined to the first structural material 10. More specifically, it is preferably a continuous groove from the lower end of the second structural material 20 in the Y2 direction to the corresponding position of the bolt 8, and may be a groove over the entire length of the second structural material 20 in the Y2 direction. Although Figs. 3(a) and 3(b) show a plurality of groove-shaped recesses 21d spaced apart in the X2 direction, a single groove-shaped recess 21d for accommodating all of the ends 8a of the plurality of bolts 8 may be formed at an end of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20. The bolt 8 may be a double-threaded bolt or a single-threaded bolt. In Figures 3(a) and 3(b), the members of the first structural member 10 other than the load supporting portion 11, the members of the second structural member 20 other than the load supporting portion 21, and the drift pin are not shown. The load support part insertion part 5 protruding vertically from the plate-like part 32b is not limited to a part having a T-shaped or U-shaped cross-section fixed to the plate-like part 32b as shown in Figures 3(a) and (b), but also includes a part in which the load support part insertion part is directly provided to the plate-like part 32b by welding, integral molding, etc. The load support part insertion part 5 is preferably plate-shaped.

[0032] Next, an example of a method for constructing the joint structure 1 of this embodiment will be described. At the manufacturing factory, a portion of the load-supporting portion 11 of the first structural material 10 is provided that is not covered by the covering member 12 and the burnt layer 13, and the plate-shaped portion 32a of the metal fitting 3 is joined to the side surface 11e of the load-supporting portion 11 in that portion. The first structural member 10 is carried into the construction site, and the first structural member 10 is erected in a state in which the axial direction Z1 is aligned with the vertical direction. Then, the second structural member 20, which has been lifted by a lifting machine or the like, is lowered from above the axial direction Z1 of the first structural member 10 so that the position of the end face 21a of the load support portion 21 of the second structural member 20 and the position of the end face of the plate-shaped portion 32b of the metal fitting 3 are aligned in the axial direction Z2 of the second structural member 20. Then, when the load support portion 21 of the second structural member 20 and the plate-shaped portion 32b of the metal fitting 3 overlap in the axial direction Z1 of the first structural member 10, the descent of the second structural member 20 is stopped, and the plate-shaped portion 32b of the metal fitting 3 is fixed to the end face 21a of the load support portion 21 of the second structural member 20. In this manner, the joint structure 1 can be constructed.

[0033] In the joining structure 1 of this embodiment, the end face 21a of the load supporting portion 21 of the second structural material 20 is located radially outward of the first structural material 10 relative to the covering member 12 of the first structural material 10, and the above-described positional relationship between the end face 21a of the load supporting portion 21 of the second structural material 20 and the covering member 12 of the first structural material 10 has the following advantages. For example, when the second structural material 20 is lowered from above the axial direction Z1 of the first structural material 10 as described above in order to join the second structural material 20 to the side of the first structural material 10, the second structural material 20 can be lowered to a position where it overlaps with the plate-shaped portion 32b of the metal fitting 3 without interference between the load supporting portion 21 of the second structural material 20 and the covering member 12 of the first structural material 10. Therefore, even when the covering member 12 of the first structural material 10 is installed, the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 can be joined. In other words, for example, the covering member 12 can be installed in advance in a factory or the like, and the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 can be joined at the construction site simply by performing the joining work between the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20.

[0034] In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1(a) and 1(b), it is preferable that the metal fittings 3 position the end face 21a of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20 radially outward of the first structural material 10 relative to the burnt margin layer 13 of the first structural material 10. By positioning the end face 21a of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20 radially outward of the first structural material 10 relative to the burnt margin layer 13 of the first structural material 10, when the second structural material 20 is lowered from above the axial direction Z1 of the first structural material 10 as described above, the second structural material 20 can be lowered to a position overlapping the plate-shaped portion 32b of the metal fittings 3 without interference between the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20 and the burnt margin layer 13 of the first structural material 10. In addition, according to the joint structure 1 of this embodiment, after a pair of first structural members 10 are erected at a fixed interval, the second structural member 20 acting as a beam can be lowered between them from above and positioned in the appropriate position, thereby achieving the effect of easy construction. In this manner, the joint structure 1 of the present embodiment can be easily constructed.

[0035] In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 1(b), shielding members 42, 43 are arranged around the metal fitting 3. Specifically, the shielding members 42, 43 are arranged around the metal fitting 3 on both sides in the horizontal direction X2 and below in the vertical direction Y2. In this embodiment, no shielding member is arranged above the metal fitting 3 in the vertical direction Y2, but a shielding member may be arranged above the metal fitting 3 in the vertical direction Y2. Hereinafter, the shielding members 42 arranged on both sides in the horizontal direction X2 around the metal fitting 3 are also referred to as first shielding members 42, and the shielding member 43 arranged below in the vertical direction Y2 around the metal fitting 3 are also referred to as second shielding members 43.

[0036] One end 42b of the first shielding member 42 abuts against the second covering member 12b of the first structural material 10, and the other end 42a of the first shielding member 42 abuts against the first covering member 22a of the second structural material 20 (see FIG. 2). One end 43b of the second shielding member 43 abuts against the second covering member 12b of the first structural material 10, and the other end 43a of the second shielding member 43 abuts against the second covering member 22b of the second structural material 20 (see FIG. 1(b)). 1(a) and 1(b), the joint material 41 is arranged so as to overlap both the other ends 42a, 43a of the shielding members 42, 43 and the end of the covering member 22 of the second structural material 20. By arranging the joint material 41 so as to overlap both the other ends 42a, 43a of the shielding members 42, 43 and the end of the covering member 22 of the second structural material 20, it is possible to prevent heat from entering from the outside in the X2 direction, and therefore the fire resistance of the joint structure 1 can be improved.

[0037] The other ends 42a, 43a of the shielding members 42, 43 do not have to abut against the covering member 22 of the second structural material 20. When the shielding members 42, 43 do not abut against the covering member 22 of the second structural material 20 and are spaced apart from each other, it is preferable that the joint material 41 be arranged so as to overlap both the other ends 42a, 43a of the shielding members 42, 43 and the end of the covering member 22 of the second structural material 20, from the viewpoint of improving the fire resistance of the joint structure 1. In the vertical direction Y2, the lower end of the first shielding member 42 may be located above the lower end of the metal fitting 3, may be located at the same position as the lower end of the metal fitting 3, or may be located below the lower end of the metal fitting 3.

[0038] Examples of joint materials 41 include gypsum board, calcium silicate board, wood, flame-retardant wood, glass wool, rock wool, thermally expandable insulation material, mortar board, concrete block, metal plate, aluminum tape, etc., and among these, it is preferable to use gypsum board or calcium silicate board from the viewpoint of being able to be fixed to the shielding member 42 and the first covering member 22a with a small amount of adhesive, nails, screws, staples, etc.

[0039] 1(a), 1(b) and 2, it is preferable that the outer surfaces 42f, 43f of the shielding members 42, 43 are flush with the outer surface 22f of the covering member 22 of the second structural material 20. In other words, it is preferable that the outer surfaces 42f, 43f of the shielding members 42, 43 and the outer surface 22f of the covering member 22 are flush with each other. In this embodiment, the first shielding member 42 is fixed to a position adjustment member 44 located between the first shielding member 42 and the metal fitting 3, so that an outer surface 42f of the first shielding member 42 and an outer surface 22f of the first covering member 22a are flush with each other. In the vertical direction Y2, the lower end of the position adjustment member 44 may be located above the lower end of the metal fitting 3, may be located at the same position as the lower end of the metal fitting 3, or may be located below the lower end of the metal fitting 3. In addition, by fixing the second shielding member 43 to the first shielding member 42 and the position adjustment member 44, which extend to a position lower than the lower end of the metal fitting 3 in the vertical direction Y2, the outer surface 43f of the second shielding member 43 and the outer surface 22f of the second covering member 22b are flush with each other. By the outer surfaces 42f, 43f of the shielding members 42, 43 and the outer surface 22f of the covering member 22 being flush with each other, it becomes easier to install the joint material 41 so that it overlaps both the other ends 42a, 43a of the shielding members 42, 43 and the end of the covering member 22 of the second structural member 20. The position adjustment member 44 can be fixed to the connecting portion 31 of the metal fitting 3 by, for example, an adhesive or the like.

[0040] In this embodiment, it is preferable to fix the shielding members 42, 43 to the metal fittings 3 via the position adjustment members 44 before fixing the second structural material 20 to the metal fittings 3 fixed to the first structural material 10. The shielding members 42, 43 may be fixed to the metal fittings 3 after the metal fittings 3 are fixed to the first structural material 10, or the shielding members 42, 43 may be fixed to the metal fittings 3 after the metal fittings 3 are fixed to the first structural material 10.

[0041] Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 4(a) and 4(b), 5(a) and 5(b), 6(a) and 6(b), and 7(a) and 7(b). For configurations in another embodiment of the present invention that are not specifically described, the description of the embodiment shown in Figures 1(a) and 1(b) applies as appropriate.

[0042] The joint structure 1B shown in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b) is different from the joint structure 1 shown in Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 1(b) in the shape of the metal 3B. Specifically, the metal 3B of the joint structure 1B has a first plate-shaped portion 35 that abuts against the side surface 11e of the load support portion 11 of the first structural material 10 on the second structural material 20 side, and a pair of second plate-shaped portions 36, 36 that are fixed in a state of abutting against the side surface 21e along the axial direction Z2 of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20. The metal 3B has a pair of second plate-shaped portions 36, 36. The pair of second plate-shaped portions 36, 36 are provided so as to protrude from the first plate-shaped portion 35.

[0043] The first plate-shaped portion 35 is fixed to a side surface 11e of the load supporting portion 11 of the first structural material 10, and the second plate-shaped portions 36, 36 are fixed to a side surface 21e of the load supporting portion 21 of the second structural material 20. Known fasteners such as bolts and nuts can be used as a means for fixing the first plate-shaped portion 35 and the second plate-shaped portion 36. In this embodiment, the first plate-shaped portion 35 is fixed to the side surface 11e of the load supporting portion 11 in the recess 19 of the first structural material 10.

[0044] Like the metal fittings 3, the metal fittings 3B are preferably fixed to the first structural material 10 but not fixed to the second structural material 20 before the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 are joined together. In this way, the first structural material 10 to which the metal fittings 3B are fixed and the second structural material 20 can be brought into the construction site, and the second structural material 20 can be joined to the first structural material 10 simply by fixing the second structural material 20 to the metal fittings 3B fixed to the first structural material 10. Therefore, the joining structure 1 can be easily constructed. From this viewpoint, the method of fixing the second plate-shaped portion 36 is preferably a method of inserting the end of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20 between the pair of second plate-shaped portions 36, 36, and driving a drift pin through the second plate-shaped portion 36 and the load support portion 21 from the outside of each of the pair of second plate-shaped portions 36, 36. When driving the drift pin so as to penetrate the second plate-shaped portion 36 and the load support portion 21, it is preferable to make a hole in the portion of the second plate-shaped portion 36 into which the drift pin is to be inserted.

[0045] In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 4(b), it is preferable that the metal fitting 3B has a lower support plate portion 37 that abuts against the lower surface of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20. The lower support plate portion 37 is provided perpendicular to the first plate portion 35 and the second plate portion 36. Since the metal fitting 3B has the lower support plate portion 37, it can support the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20, so that the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 can be joined even more easily.

[0046] In the joint structure 1B, the covering member 22 of the second structural member 20 does not reach the edge of the load supporting portion 21 of the second structural member 20 in the axial direction Z2 of the second structural member 20. Shielding members 42, 43 are arranged around the metal fitting 3B on both sides in the horizontal direction X2 and on the lower side in the vertical direction Y2. One end of the first shielding member 42 abuts against the second covering member 12b of the first structural member 10, and the other end of the first shielding member 42 abuts against the first covering member 22a of the second structural member 20 (see FIG. 4(a)). One end 43b of the second shielding member 43 abuts against the second covering member 12b of the first structural member 10, and the other end 43a of the second shielding member 43 abuts against the second covering member 22b of the second structural member 20 (see FIG. 4(b)).

[0047] 4(a) and 4(b), in the joint structure 1B, the joint material 41 is arranged so as to overlap both the other ends 42a, 43a of the shielding members 42, 43 and the end of the covering member 22 of the second structural member 20. By arranging the joint material 41 so as to overlap both the other ends 42a, 43a of the shielding members 42, 43 and the end of the covering member 22 of the second structural member 20, it is possible to prevent heat from entering from the outside in the X2 direction, thereby improving the fire resistance of the joint structure 1. Note that in the joint structure 1B, the other ends 42a, 43a of the shielding members 42, 43 do not have to abut against the covering member 22 of the second structural member 20. When the shielding members 42, 43 do not abut against the covering member 22 of the second structural material 20 and are spaced apart from the covering member 22 of the second structural material 20, it is preferable, from the standpoint of improving the fire resistance performance of the joint structure 1, that the joint material 41 is arranged so as to overlap both the other end portions 42a, 43a of the shielding members 42, 43 and the end portion of the covering member 22 of the second structural material 20.

[0048] The joint structure 1C shown in FIG. 5(a) and FIG. 5(b) is different from the joint structure 1 shown in FIG. 1(a) and FIG. 1(b) in the shape of the metal 3C. Specifically, the metal 3C of the joint structure 1C has a first plate-shaped portion 35 that abuts against the side surface 11e of the load-supporting portion 11 of the first structural material 10 on the second structural material 20 side, and a second plate-shaped portion 36c that is fixed to the second structural material 20. The metal 3C has one or more second plate-shaped portions 36c, but in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5(a) and FIG. 5(b), it has two second plate-shaped portions 36c. The second plate-shaped portion 36c is provided so as to protrude vertically from the first plate-shaped portion 35. The second plate-shaped portion 36c is located at both ends of the first plate-shaped portion 35 in the X1 direction.

[0049] The first plate-shaped portion 35 is fixed to the side surface 11e of the load supporting portion 11 of the first structural material 10. Known fasteners such as bolts and nuts can be used as a fixing means for the first plate-shaped portion 35. In this embodiment, the first plate-shaped portion 35 is fixed to the side surface 11e of the load supporting portion 11 in the recess 19 of the first structural material 10.

[0050] The second plate-shaped portion 36c is fixed to the second structural material 20 in a state where it is inserted into a slit 26 formed in the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20. A preferred method for fixing the second plate-shaped portion 36c is to drive a drift pin from the side surface of the second structural material 20 so as to penetrate the load support portion 21 and the second plate-shaped portion 36c in a state where the second plate-shaped portion 36c is inserted into the slit 26. When driving the drift pin so as to penetrate the load support portion 21 and the second plate-shaped portion 36c, it is preferred to make a hole in the portion of the second plate-shaped portion 36c where the drift pin is to be inserted.

[0051] Similar to the metal fittings 3, it is preferable that the metal fittings 3C are fixed to the first structural material 10 but not fixed to the second structural material 20 before the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 are joined together. In this way, the first structural material 10 to which the metal fittings 3C are fixed and the second structural material 20 can be brought into the construction site, and the second structural material 20 can be joined to the first structural material 10 simply by fixing the second structural material 20 to the metal fittings 3C fixed to the first structural material 10, so that the joining structure 1 can be easily constructed.

[0052] In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 5(b), it is preferable that the metal fitting 3C has a lower support plate portion 37 that abuts against the lower surface of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20. The lower support plate portion 37 is provided perpendicular to the first plate portion 35 and the second plate portion 36. Since the metal fitting 3C has the lower support plate portion 37, it can support the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20, so that the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 can be joined even more easily.

[0053] In the embodiment shown in Figures 5(a) and 5(b), the metal fitting 3C has two second plate-shaped parts 36c, but as shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b), the metal fitting 3C may have only one second plate-shaped part 36c. In the example shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b), the second plate-shaped part 36c is located in the central region of the first plate-shaped part 35 in the X1 direction.

[0054] The joint structure 1D shown in Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b) is different from the joint structure 1 shown in Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 1(b) in the shape of the metal 3D. Specifically, the metal 3D of the joint structure 1D has a first plate-shaped portion 35d fixed to the first structural material 10 and a second plate-shaped portion 36d fixed to the second structural material 20. The first plate-shaped portion 35d and the second plate-shaped portion 36d may be one continuous member, or may be separate members. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b), the metal 3D is made of a single plate-shaped member, and the first plate-shaped portion 35d and the second plate-shaped portion 36d are continuous.

[0055] The first plate-shaped portion 35d is fixed to the first structural material 10 in a state where it is inserted into a slit 16 formed in the load support portion 11 of the first structural material 10. A preferred method for fixing the first plate-shaped portion 35d is to drive a drift pin from the side surface of the first structural material 10 so as to penetrate the load support portion 11 and the first plate-shaped portion 35d in a state where the first plate-shaped portion 35d is inserted into the slit 16. When driving the drift pin so as to penetrate the load support portion 11 and the first plate-shaped portion 35d, it is preferred to make a hole in the portion of the first plate-shaped portion 35d where the drift pin is to be inserted.

[0056] The second plate-shaped portion 36d is fixed to the second structural material 20 in a state where it is inserted into a slit 26 formed in the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20. A preferred method for fixing the second plate-shaped portion 36d is to drive a drift pin from the side surface of the second structural material 20 so as to penetrate the load support portion 21 and the second plate-shaped portion 36d in a state where the second plate-shaped portion 36d is inserted into the slit 26. When driving the drift pin so as to penetrate the load support portion 21 and the second plate-shaped portion 36d, it is preferred to make a hole in the portion of the second plate-shaped portion 36d where the drift pin is to be inserted.

[0057] Similar to the metal fitting 3, it is preferable that the metal fitting 3D is fixed to the first structural material 10 but not fixed to the second structural material 20 before the first structural material 10 and the second structural material 20 are joined together. In this way, the first structural material 10 to which the metal fitting 3D is fixed and the second structural material 20 can be brought into the construction site, and the second structural material 20 can be joined to the first structural material 10 simply by fixing the second structural material 20 to the metal fitting 3D fixed to the first structural material 10, so that the joining structure 1 can be easily constructed. The metal fitting 3D may or may not have a lower support plate portion that abuts against the lower surface of the load support portion 21 of the second structural material 20.

[0058] Next, matters common to the above-mentioned embodiments will be described. The burnt layers 13, 23 can be made of a material selected from the group consisting of cross-laminated timber (CLT), laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), plywood, lumber, particle board (PB), and medium density fiberboard (MDF). Among these, it is preferable to make them of a material selected from the group consisting of cross-laminated timber (CLT), laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), plywood, or lumber, from the viewpoint of ease of manufacturing wide and long-span materials and easy maintenance of aesthetics in large-scale wooden buildings. CLT and laminated timber may be made by stacking a plurality of laminas with rectangular cross sections in the Y1 direction or Y2 direction so that the vertices of the rectangles overlap each other.

[0059] In addition, the first covering members 12a, 22a may be made of gypsum board, waterproof gypsum board, calcium silicate board, ALC board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board, ceramic siding, mortar, flame-retardant wood, etc., and from the viewpoint of fire resistance, it is preferable to use gypsum board, waterproof gypsum board, or calcium silicate board.

[0060] The spacers 17, 27 may be made of wood, steel, stainless steel, or the like, with wood being preferred from the standpoint of resistance to deformation due to heat.

[0061] Gypsum board, waterproof gypsum board, calcium silicate board, ALC board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board, ceramic siding, mortar, flame-retardant wood, etc. can be used as the corner reinforcing member 15, and from the viewpoint of fire resistance, it is preferable to use gypsum board, waterproof gypsum board, or calcium silicate board. The material constituting the corner reinforcing member 15 and the material constituting the covering members 12 and 22 may be the same or different.

[0062] The second covering members 12b, 22b may be calcium silicate boards, gypsum boards, waterproof gypsum boards, ALC boards, wood chip cement boards, wood wool cement boards, ceramic siding, mortar, flame-retardant wood, etc., and it is preferable to use calcium silicate boards from the viewpoint of suppressing thermal shrinkage. The shielding member 42 may be a calcium silicate board, a gypsum board, a waterproof gypsum board, an ALC board, a cemented wood chip board, a cemented wood wool board, a ceramic siding, mortar, a flame-retardant wood board, or the like. From the viewpoint of suppressing thermal shrinkage and being easily adhered to steel materials, it is preferable to use a calcium silicate board. As the position adjustment member 44, calcium silicate board, gypsum board, waterproof gypsum board, ALC board, cemented wood chip board, cemented wood wool board, ceramic siding, mortar, flame-retardant wood, etc. can be used, and it is preferable to use calcium silicate board from the viewpoint of suppressing thermal shrinkage and from the viewpoint of ease of adhesion to steel materials.

[0063] Although the present invention has been described based on the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, in each of the above-described embodiments, the first burnable layers 13a, 23a are fixed to the first covering members 12a, 22a via the spacers 17, 27, but the first burnable layers 13a, 23a may be fixed to the first covering members 12a, 22a without the spacers 17, 27. Also, the second burnable layers 13b, 23b may be fixed to the second covering members 12b, 22b via the spacers 17, 27 so as to have a gap between them. Furthermore, the first structural material 10 does not necessarily have to have the second burnable layer 13b, and the second structural material 20 does not necessarily have to have the second burnable layer 23b.

[0064] Furthermore, in each of the above-described embodiments, the second structural material 20 was joined to the surface side of the first structural material 10 facing the second covering member 12b, but the second structural material 20 may also be joined to the surface side of the first structural material 10 facing the first covering member 12a. [Explanation of symbols]

[0065] 1,1B,1C joint structure 10 First structural material 11 Load support part 12 Covering material 13 Burning Layer 20 Second structural material 21 Load support part 22 Covering material 23 Burning Layer 3,3B,3C Hardware

Claims

1. A joining structure of structural materials in which a second structural material is joined vertically to a side surface of a first structural material, Each of the first structural member and the second structural member includes a load supporting portion, a fire-resistant covering member that covers a side surface of the load supporting portion along an axial direction, and a burnt layer that is disposed on the outside of the covering member; the second structural material is joined to the first structural material via a metal fitting that positions an end face of the load supporting portion of the second structural material on the side of the first structural material radially outward of the first structural material relative to the covering member of the first structural material, Shielding members are arranged on both horizontal sides and on the lower side in the vertical direction around the metal fitting, A structural material joining structure in which a joint material is arranged so as to overlap both the end of the shielding member on the second structural material side and the end of the covering member of the second structural material on the metal fitting side.

2. 2. The joining structure of structural materials according to claim 1, wherein the metal fitting positions the end face of the load-supporting portion of the second structural material radially outward of the first structural material relative to the burnt layer of the first structural material.

3. A joining structure of structural materials in which a second structural material is joined vertically to a side surface of a first structural material, Each of the first structural member and the second structural member includes a load supporting portion, a fire-resistant covering member that covers a side surface of the load supporting portion along an axial direction, and a burnt layer that is disposed on the outside of the covering member; the second structural material is joined to the first structural material via a metal fitting that positions an end face of the load supporting portion of the second structural material on the side of the first structural material radially outward of the first structural material relative to the covering member of the first structural material, The metal fitting has a plate-shaped portion that abuts against the side of the load-bearing portion of the first structural material facing the second structural material, a plate-shaped portion that abuts against the end face of the load-bearing portion of the second structural material, a connecting portion that connects these plate-shaped portions, and a plate-shaped load-bearing portion insertion portion that protrudes vertically from the plate-shaped portion abutting the end face, and this is a structural material joining structure in which the load-bearing portion insertion portion is fixed to the second structural material in a state where it is inserted into a slit formed in the load-bearing portion of the second structural material.

4. A joining structure of structural materials in which a second structural material is joined vertically to a side surface of a first structural material, Each of the first structural member and the second structural member includes a load supporting portion, a fire-resistant covering member that covers a side surface of the load supporting portion along an axial direction, and a burnt layer that is disposed on the outside of the covering member; the second structural material is joined to the first structural material via a metal fitting that positions an end face of the load supporting portion of the second structural material on the side of the first structural material radially outward of the first structural material relative to the covering member of the first structural material, the metal fitting has a plate-like portion that abuts against a side surface of the load supporting portion of the first structural material that faces the second structural material, a plate-like portion that abuts against the end surface of the load supporting portion of the second structural material, and a connecting portion that connects these plate-like portions, Shielding members are arranged on both horizontal sides and on the lower side in the vertical direction around the metal fitting, A joining structure of structural materials, in which the outer surface of the shielding member and the outer surface of the covering member of the second structural material are on the same plane.

5. A joining structure of structural materials in which a second structural material is joined vertically to a side surface of a first structural material, Each of the first structural member and the second structural member includes a load supporting portion, a fire-resistant covering member that covers a side surface of the load supporting portion along an axial direction, and a burnt layer that is disposed on the outside of the covering member; the second structural material is joined to the first structural material via a metal fitting that positions an end face of the load supporting portion of the second structural material on the side of the first structural material radially outward of the first structural material relative to the covering member of the first structural material, the metal fitting has a plate-like portion that abuts against a side surface of the load supporting portion of the first structural material that faces the second structural material, a plate-like portion that abuts against the end surface of the load supporting portion of the second structural material, and a connecting portion that connects these plate-like portions, A structural material joining structure in which a first structural material is arranged along a vertical direction and a second structural material is arranged along a horizontal direction, and the plate-shaped portion of the metal fitting that abuts against the end face is abutted by the end face of the load-bearing portion of the second structural material that is closest to the first structural material.

6. A joining structure of structural materials in which a second structural material is joined vertically to a side surface of a first structural material, Each of the first structural member and the second structural member includes a load supporting portion, a fire-resistant covering member that covers a side surface of the load supporting portion along an axial direction, and a burnt layer that is disposed on the outside of the covering member; the second structural material is joined to the first structural material via a metal fitting that positions an end face of the load supporting portion of the second structural material on the side of the first structural material radially outward of the first structural material relative to the covering member of the first structural material, The metal fitting has a first plate-like portion that abuts against a side surface of the load supporting portion of the first structural material that faces the second structural material, and a pair of second plate-like portions that are fixed in a state of abutting against side surfaces of the load supporting portion of the second structural material that are aligned along the axial direction, A joining structure for structural materials, wherein a pair of second plate-shaped portions are provided protruding perpendicularly from the first plate-shaped portion.

7. The structural material joining structure described in claim 6, wherein the metal fitting has a lower support plate-like portion that abuts against the underside of the load-supporting portion of the second structural material, and the lower support plate-like portion is arranged perpendicular to the first and second plate-like portions.

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