Cooling and heating building using cold air storage tank and cooling and heating method of building using cold air storage tank

Abstract

To powerlessly circulate cool air and warm air in a building using a cool air storage tank in natural convection of the cool air and the warm air by gravity ventilation, and dispense with air-conditioning cost, facility cost and control cost by dispensing with installation of a blower fan and a blower duct using a humidity adjustment type natural exhaust port.SOLUTION: Ventilation passages 19 and 20 for communicating from an underfloor space 7 to an attic space 16 of a building 1 having an airtight structure are provided. A cool air storage tank 22 provided with a cooling device 23 is installed in the attic space 16, and a heating device 26 is installed in the underfloor space 7. A roof part 5 is provided with a humidity adjustment type natural exhaust port 25, and an air supply fan 24 for purifying outside air and supplying the purified air to the underfloor space 7 is installed in the building 1. The building stops operation of the heating device 26 during a summer season, flows down the cool air accumulated in the cool air storage tank 22 through the ventilation passage 20 and cools the inside of the building 1, and stops operation of the cooling device 23 during a winter season, operates the humidity adjustment type natural exhaust port 25 according to indoor humidity, and controls an amount of gravity convection.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a cooling and heating building using a cold air storage tank that smoothly realizes temperature control for cooling and heating in a building and minimizes cooling and heating costs by utilizing natural convection of gravity ventilation due to the temperature difference between cold air, which is heavy, and warm air, which is light. The present invention also relates to a cooling and heating method for a building using a cold air storage tank.

Background Art

[0002] A cooling and heating method in a conventional building will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. First, the building shown in both figures will be described. In the figure, 51 is a building, which is roughly composed of a slab 52 installed on the ground G, a foundation 53 erected on the slab 52, four outer walls 54, 54,... erected on the foundation 53, and a roof part 55 installed on the outer wall 54.

[0003] 56 is a first-floor floor part provided facing the slab 52, and a space under the floor 57 is formed between the first-floor floor part 56 and the slab 52. 58 is a first-floor ceiling part, and a first-floor space 59 is formed between the first-floor ceiling part 58 and the first-floor floor part 56. The first-floor space 59 is partitioned into a plurality of rooms 59A by partition walls 60. 61 is a second-floor floor part provided at a distance from the first-floor ceiling part 58, and 62 is a second-floor ceiling part provided at a distance from the second-floor floor part 61. The second-floor space 63 formed between the second-floor ceiling part 62 and the second-floor floor part 61 is partitioned into a plurality of rooms 63A by a partition wall 64, and a space above the ceiling 65 is formed between the second-floor ceiling part 63 and the roof part 55. And an air-conditioning room 67 is defined in the space above the ceiling 65 by a pair of partition walls 66, 66.

[0004] 68 is a staircase provided from the first-floor space 59 to the second-floor space 63. 69, 69,... are ventilation holes formed in the first-floor floor part 56, the first-floor ceiling part 58, the second-floor floor part 61, the second-floor ceiling part 62, and the partition wall 66, respectively. 70 is a blower fan installed in the air-conditioning room 67, 71 is a cooling device installed in the second-floor ceiling part 62, and 72 is a heating device installed in the space under the floor 57.

[0005] In the building 51 with the above configuration, a closed space called the air-conditioning room 67 where the blower fan 70 is installed is provided. When cooling in summer, the operation of the heating equipment 72 is stopped, and as shown in FIG. 3, the cooling equipment 71 and the blower fan 70 are operated to let the cold air flow down from each ventilation port 69 into the second-floor space 63. At this time, the cold air, which is heavier than the warm air, flows down from the staircase 68 into the first-floor space 59 to cool the entire interior of the building 51. Also, when heating in winter, as shown in FIG. 4, the operation of the cooling equipment 71 is stopped, and the heating equipment 72 and the blower fan 70 are operated to circulate the warm air so as to heat the entire interior of the building 51.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] In the above-described prior art, since a closed air-conditioning room 67 is provided in the attic space 65, the recovery efficiency of the warm air in the building 51 is poor, and it cannot be said that the cooling efficiency is good. Also, in winter, since warm air accumulates in the attic space 65, there is a problem that the heating efficiency of the heating equipment 72 is poor.

[0008] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, The purpose is Based on the relationship that the amount of descending air = the amount of ascending air in an airtight building, by utilizing a cold air storage tank for natural convection by the gravitational ventilation of cold air and warm air, the circulation of cold air and warm air in the building is performed without power to save air-conditioning costs. to be .

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] (1) The means of the present invention according to claim 1 configured to solve the above-described problems is an airtight structure building having a basement space and an attic space, and provided with a ventilation passage communicating the basement space with the attic space. An open-top cold air storage tank equipped with cooling equipment is installed in the attic space, and heating equipment is installed in the basement space. When cooling the interior of the building, The operation of the heating equipment is stopped, and the cold air generated by the cooling equipment and stored in the cold air storage tank is allowed to flow naturally through the ventilation passage to cool the interior of the building. When heating the interior of the building, The operation of the cooling equipment is stopped, and the heating equipment is operated to naturally raise the warm air in the basement space through the ventilation passage to heat the interior of the building. (2) And the roof portion constituting the building preferably has heat insulation properties. (3) Also, the attic space is preferably formed as an open space without partitions. (4) Also, Install an air supply fan that purifies and supplies outside air to the underfloor space, The building is provided with a humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port whose opening amount can be variably increased or decreased according to the indoor humidity. The air supply fan is configured to have a function of automatically stopping its operation in response to a decrease in the outside air temperature. When the operation of the air supply fan is stopped in response to a decrease in the outside air temperature to make it in an open state, and the opening amount of the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port is increased in response to an increase in the indoor humidity, the outside air flowing in from the air supply fan is circulated indoors by gravity ventilation and discharged outdoors from the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port. When the opening amount of the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port is reduced in response to a decrease in the indoor humidity, the introduction of outside air by gravity ventilation is suppressed. (5) Furthermore, the means for constituting the present invention according to claim 5 is to configure a building having a basement space and an attic space into an airtight structure, communicate the basement space and the attic space with a ventilation passage, install an open-top cold air storage tank equipped with cooling equipment in the attic space, and install heating equipment in the basement space. When heating the interior of the building, The operation of the cooling equipment is stopped, and the heating equipment is operated to naturally raise the warm air in the basement space through the ventilation passage to heat the interior of the building. When cooling the interior of the building, The operation of the heating equipment is stopped, and the cold air generated by the cooling equipment and stored in the cold air storage tank is allowed to flow down naturally through the ventilation passage to cool the interior of the building. (6) And, Supply the outside air purified to the underfloor space by the air supply fan, A humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port with a variable opening size according to the indoor humidity is provided in the building, and the air supply fan is provided with a function of automatically stopping its operation in response to a decrease in the outside air temperature. As the outside air temperature decreases, the air supply fan stops operating and is in an open state. By expanding the opening size of the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port in response to an increase in the indoor humidity, the outside air flowing in from the air supply fan is circulated indoors by gravity ventilation and discharged outdoors from the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port. When the indoor humidity decreases, the opening size of the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port is reduced to suppress the introduction of outside air by gravity ventilation.

Advantages of the Invention

[0010] Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following various advantages. (1) Based on the relationship that the descending air volume = ascending air volume in an airtight building, focusing on the natural convection caused by gravity ventilation based on the fact that cold air is heavy and warm air is light, by installing a cold air storage tank in the attic space, When cooling the interior of the building, Cooling of the interior of the building can be performed without using power for cold air circulation. (2) For air conditioning, , for cooling the interior of the building Only the cooling equipment is used, For heating the interior of the building Only the heating equipment is used, and the installation of a blower fan and a blower duct is not required, so equipment costs and maintenance management costs can be eliminated. (3) Since the roof part has a heat-insulating structure, an increase in the temperature of the cold air stored in the cold air storage tank can be suppressed. (4) The attic space where the cold air storage tank is installed is formed as an open space without a partition wall, so the warm air rising and flowing into the attic space mixes with the cold air without restriction, and thus temperature unevenness in the building can be suppressed. By using a supply air fan that automatically stops according to the outside air temperature and a humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port in combination, the introduction of outside air can be controlled according to the high or low indoor humidity in a state where the outside air temperature is low, thereby minimizing the heating and cooling costs.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 1, 1 is a building having an airtight structure, 2 is a slab installed on the ground G constituting the building 1, 3 is a foundation erected on the slab 2, and 4, 4,... are four outer walls erected on the foundation. 5 is a roof portion installed on the outer wall 4, and the roof portion 5 has heat insulation properties by covering a heat insulating material 5A. 6 is a first floor portion provided facing the slab 2, and a floor space 7 is defined between the first floor portion 6 and the slab 2. And a pipe support member 8 for supporting a purified air discharge pipe 24C described later is provided in the floor space 7.

[0013] 9 is a first floor ceiling portion, and the first floor space 10 between the first floor ceiling portion 9 and the first floor portion 6 is partitioned into a plurality of rooms 10A by a partition wall 11. 12 is a second floor portion provided at a distance from the first floor ceiling portion 9, 13 is a second floor ceiling portion provided at a distance from the second floor portion 12, and the second floor space 14 between the second floor ceiling portion 13 and the second floor portion 12 is partitioned into a plurality of rooms 14A by a partition wall 15, and a ceiling space 16 is formed between the second floor ceiling portion 13 and the roof portion 5.

[0014] Reference numeral 17 denotes a staircase that connects the first - floor space 10 and the second - floor space 14. On the first - floor floor section 6 below the staircase 17, a floor gallery 18 that communicates with the under - floor space 7 is provided. Reference numeral 19 denotes a one - side ascending ventilation cylinder provided to communicate with the under - floor space 7 and the second - floor space 14, and reference numeral 20 denotes the other - side ascending ventilation cylinder provided on the other side of the staircase 17. These two ascending ventilation cylinders 19 and 20 are for flowing the warm air (cool air) in the under - floor space 7 to the second - floor space 14 side. Also, reference numerals 21, 21, ··· denote ventilation holes provided in the first - floor floor section 6 and the second - floor ceiling section 13 respectively. Through each ventilation hole 21, cool air descends and warm air ascends.

[0015] Reference numeral 22 denotes a synthetic resin - made cold - air storage tank having heat insulation property and installed on the second - floor ceiling section 13 and provided in the attic space 16. The cold - air storage tank 22 is composed of a square bottom plate 22A and frame plates 22B, 22B, ··· erected on the four sides of the bottom plate 22A to form an open - top box - like structure. In the bottom plate 22A, a discharge hole (not shown in the figure) that communicates with the ventilation hole 21 of the second - floor ceiling section 13 is formed. And in the cold - air storage tank 22, a cooling device 23 is installed. The cold air generated by the cooling device 23 is once stored and then flows down to the second - floor space 14 side through the ventilation hole 21 from the discharge hole.

[0016] Reference numeral 24 denotes an air - supply fan that purifies outside air and supplies it for 24 hours in the building 1. The air - supply fan 24 is installed in the first - floor room 10A and is composed of a fan body 24A having an outside - air purification filter, an outside - air introduction pipe 24B connected to the fan body 24A with its suction port opening to the outside, and a purified - air discharge pipe 24C connected to the fan body 24A, extending into the under - floor space 7 and supported by the pipe support member 8 with its tip opening.

[0017] Reference numeral 25 denotes a humidity - adjusting type natural exhaust port provided in the roof part 5 and communicating the attic space 16 to the outside. The humidity - adjusting type natural exhaust port 25 automatically expands and contracts the opening amount according to the relative humidity inside the room. When there are people in the room 10A (14A) and the humidity is high, the opening amount becomes large, and when the humidity is low due to the absence of people, the opening amount is reduced. Regarding the operation of the above-described humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port 25, taking the outside air temperature as 0°C, for example, and the indoor temperature with the heating equipment operating as 22°C as an example, the following cases will be explained separately. When the humidity inside the room is high due to the presence of people or the like, the opening amount of the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port 25 becomes large, and as the outside air temperature drops, the supply fan 24 automatically stops by the temperature sensor and enters an open state. Due to the temperature difference between the outside air temperature and the indoor temperature, outside air is introduced without power from the supply fan 24 by gravity ventilation, flows through the room, and is discharged outdoors from the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port 25. On the other hand, when the room is unoccupied and the humidity is low, the opening amount of the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port 25 is reduced, natural convection by gravity ventilation is suppressed, and the introduction of outside air is reduced, resulting in the ability to save heating costs. In this way, by controlling the operation of the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port 25 according to the high or low humidity inside the room and the supply fan 24 according to the outside air temperature, the ventilation volume inside the room can be adjusted to reduce heating costs and operating costs. Note that the temperature at which the supply fan 24 stops operating can be set variously considering regional differences such as in severely cold regions.

[0018] The cooling and heating building according to this embodiment has the above-described configuration, and its operation will be described in detail below. First, by operating the supply fan 24 for 24 hours to supply purified outside air to the underfloor space 7, the building 1 is performing the second type of ventilation that pushes in outside air. And as shown in FIG. 1, in summer, the operation of the heating equipment 26 is stopped, the cooling equipment 23 is operated to generate cold air and store it in the cold air storage tank 22. The cold air in the cold air storage tank 22 flows down from the discharge holes of the bottom plate 22A through the ventilation holes 21 into the second-floor space 14 due to its weight, and flows into the first-floor space 10 from the staircase 17 to cool.

[0019] On the other hand, the warm air in the second-floor space 14 is pushed down by the descending cold air and flows into the first-floor space 10 from the staircase 17, and then flows into the under-floor space 7 from the floor grille 18. Then, the warm air, which is lighter than the cold air, rises through the rising ventilation ducts 19 and 20 and is discharged into the second-floor space 14. In this way, by means of gravity ventilation, natural convection of cold air and warm air occurs without power in the building 1, so that the air conditioning in the building 1 can be comfortably maintained even in summer without installing a cooling blower fan or a ventilation duct.

[0020] Also, as shown in FIG. 2, in winter, the operation of the cooling device 23 is stopped, and the heating device 26 is operated to supply warm air to the under-floor space 7. The warm air circulates through the staircase 17, the rising ventilation ducts 19 and 20, and the ventilation holes 21 respectively, flows into the first-floor space 10 and the second-floor space 14, and warms them, thereby heating the entire interior of the building 1. When the outside air temperature drops to, for example, 0°C, the air supply fan 24 automatically stops, and the opening amount of the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port 25 varies according to the indoor humidity, thereby suppressing the inflow of outside air and saving heating costs.

[0021] In addition, the humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port 25 provided in the attic space 16 has a variable opening amount according to the change in humidity depending on the presence or absence of people, so that the humidity inside the building 1 can be appropriately maintained while maintaining the pressurization function by forced air supply of the second type of ventilation.

[0022] In the embodiment, a two-story building is taken as an example for explanation, but the present invention can also be implemented in a single-story building.

Explanation of Signs

[0023] 1 Building 5 Roof part 5A Heat insulating material 7 Under-floor space 16 Attic space 19, 20 Rising ventilation ducts 21 Ventilation hole 22 Cold air storage tank 23 Cooling device 24 Air supply fan 25 Humidity-adjustable natural exhaust port Heating equipment

Claims

1. A cooling / heating building that uses a cold air storage tank, in an airtight building having an underfloor space and an attic space with an air passage connecting the underfloor space to the attic space, a cold air storage tank with an open top and equipped with cooling equipment is installed in the attic space, and heating equipment is installed in the underfloor space, and when cooling the interior of the building, operation of the heating equipment is stopped and the cold air generated by the cooling equipment and stored in the cold air storage tank is allowed to flow naturally down through the air passage to cool the interior of the building, and when heating the interior of the building, operation of the cooling equipment is stopped and the heating equipment is operated to heat the interior of the building by allowing the warm air in the underfloor space to rise naturally through the air passage.

2. 2. The cooling and heating building using a cold air storage tank according to claim 1, wherein a roof portion constituting the building has thermal insulation properties.

3. 2. The cooling and heating building using a cold air storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the attic space is formed as an open space without a partition wall.

4. A cooling and heating building that uses a cold air storage tank as described in claim 1, wherein an intake air fan that purifies and supplies outside air is installed in the space under the floor, the building is provided with a humidity-adjusted natural exhaust vent whose opening size is adjustable depending on the humidity indoors, the intake air fan has a function of automatically stopping operation depending on a drop in the outside air temperature, the intake air fan is stopped and left open depending on a drop in the outside air temperature, and the opening size of the humidity-adjusted natural exhaust vent is expanded depending on an increase in indoor humidity, so that the outside air flowing in from the intake air fan is circulated indoors by gravity ventilation and released to the outdoors through the humidity-adjusted natural exhaust vent, and the opening size of the humidity-adjusted natural exhaust vent is reduced depending on a decrease in indoor humidity, thereby suppressing the introduction of outside air by gravity ventilation.

5. A method for heating and cooling a building using a cold air storage tank, comprising: constructing a building having an underfloor space and an attic space into an airtight structure; communicating the attic space and the underfloor space with an air passage; installing a cold air storage tank with an open top and equipped with cooling equipment in the attic space; installing heating equipment in the underfloor space; when heating the building, stopping operation of the cooling equipment and operating the heating equipment, and heating the building by allowing the warm air in the underfloor space to naturally rise through the air passage by gravity ventilation; and when cooling the building, stopping operation of the heating equipment, and allowing the cold air generated by the cooling equipment and stored in the cold air storage tank to naturally flow down through the air passage to cool the building.

6. A method for cooling and heating a building which uses a cold air storage tank as described in claim 5, wherein an intake fan purifies and supplies outside air to the space under the floor, the building is provided with a humidity-adjusted natural exhaust vent whose opening size is variable depending on the humidity indoors, the intake fan has a function of automatically stopping operation depending on a drop in the outside air temperature, the intake fan stops operating and is left open depending on a drop in the outside air temperature, and the opening size of the humidity-adjusted natural exhaust vent is expanded depending on an increase in indoor humidity, so that the outside air flowing in from the intake fan is circulated indoors by gravity ventilation and released to the outdoors through the humidity-adjusted natural exhaust vent, and the opening size of the humidity-adjusted natural exhaust vent is reduced depending on a decrease in indoor humidity, thereby suppressing the introduction of outside air by gravity ventilation.

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