Cladding-type roof structure

Abstract

To provide a covering material type roof structure for realizing an openable / closable roof without applying local stress to a covering material (for example, roof film) at a position of fitting to a roof beam, by canceling problems of the conventional technology.SOLUTION: A covering type roof structure for a facility has multiple roof beams arranged roughly in parallel, sheet-like covering materials covering a part of or entire facility, multiple covering material locking means installed with intervals in the roof beam axial direction, and buffers continuously arranged in the beam axial direction of the roof beam. The buffer is fixed at a lower face side end part of an upper flange. The covering material locking means is connected to the upper flange with pins, and end parts of the covering material are fitted to the covering material locking means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the structure of the roof of facilities such as stadiums, and more specifically, to a covering material type roof structure including a material for covering facilities such as a membrane roof.

Background Art

[0002] Facilities that accommodate a large number of spectators such as stadiums and event venues may have roofs attached so that they can be held even in rainy weather. Furthermore, the number of facilities adopting an opening and closing type roof is increasing so that competitions and the like can be held in the natural environment on fine days.

[0003] Conventionally, the mainstream structure of an opening and closing type roof has been a structure in which a plurality of girders constituting the roof (hereinafter referred to as "roof girders") move. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, for example, a membrane material (hereinafter referred to as "membrane roof RF") is attached so as to span between adjacent roof girders RG. When the roof girders RG move and the space between the roof girders RG expands, the membrane roof RF expands and the roof is in a closed state (hereinafter referred to as "closed door state") (the left side of FIG. 7(b)). Conversely, when the space between the roof girders RG shrinks, the membrane roof RF is folded and the roof is in an open state (hereinafter referred to as "open door state") (the right side of FIG. 7(b)). FIG. 7(a) is a plan view showing a soccer stadium SC which is an example of a facility where an opening and closing type roof is installed, and FIG. 7(b) is a plan view showing the situation where the roof of the soccer stadium SC opens and closes.

[0004] The roof, which is a main structural part of a building, must generally be non-combustible. Therefore, when adopting a membrane roof RF as a roofing material, it is necessary to select a non-combustible material. The roof membrane RF is classified into type A and type B with a glass fiber base fabric, type C with a synthetic fiber base fabric, and for tent warehouses. Among these, type A and type B are non-combustible materials. That is, it is desirable to adopt a type A or type B roof membrane RF as the roofing material. For example, the Tokyo Dome built in 1988 adopted a type A roof membrane RF, and sufficient functions and strength have been maintained for over 20 years.

[0005] On the one hand, since the base fabric of the roof membranes RF of type A and type B is made of glass fiber, they cannot withstand excessive deformation such as bending. That is, when applying the roof membranes RF of type A and type B to the soccer stadium SC, although it is desirable in terms of non-combustibility, it is considered unsuitable for an opening / closing type. Nevertheless, there has been a demand to apply the roof membranes RF of type A and type B to the roof of a facility such as the soccer stadium SC and then adopt an opening / closing structure. Therefore, Patent Document 1 proposes an invention that enables the opening and closing of the roof without applying excessive deformation to the roof membrane RF.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] In the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, by providing a middle fold portion in the roof membrane RF in advance, the folding position of the roof membrane RF is limited, that is, unexpected deformation can be suppressed, and thereby excessive deformation can be prevented from being applied to the roof membrane RF. Therefore, it is possible to apply the roof membranes RF of type A and type B to the opening / closing roof of the soccer stadium SC as well.

[0008] By the way, as shown in Fig. 8(a), the roof girder RG is often made of a T-shaped steel (CT-shaped steel) consisting of a web PW (so-called web) and an upper flange PF, or an H-shaped steel (or I-shaped steel) having a lower flange. Also, one end of the roof membrane RF is generally fixed to the lower surface side of the upper flange PF. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 8(a), one end of the roof membrane RF is sandwiched between upper and lower clamping plates PS and then stitched with bolts BL, and the upper clamping plate PS is attached to a gusset plate PG welded and fixed to the lower surface of the upper flange PF. Of course, the structure shown in Fig. 8(a) is just an example, but in any case, one end of the roof membrane RF was fixed to the lower surface side of the upper flange PF in a state where three directions (horizontal direction, vertical direction, and rotational direction) were constrained.

[0009] Therefore, as shown in Fig. 8(b), in the roof membrane RF in a state where the roof membranes RF are expanded and extended, excessive deformation does not occur and concentrated stress does not act. However, as shown in Fig. 8(c), in the roof membrane RF in a state where the roof membranes RF are shrunk and folded, an extremely bent portion (the "folded portion" shown in the figure) has occurred and a large stress is acting. When such stress (so-called bending stress) acts repeatedly, naturally, this portion of the roof membrane RF is likely to be damaged, and in particular, in the case of type A or type B roof membranes RF, damage that cannot withstand use may occur.

[0010] Also, as shown in Fig. 8(b), when the roof membrane RF is in an extended state, water such as rainwater is likely to penetrate between the roof membrane RF and the upper flange PF. Therefore, there was also a risk that the roof membrane RF would become detached from the roof girder RG due to the progress of corrosion of a series of fixtures (such as the gusset plate PG and the clamping plate PS) for fixing the roof membrane RF. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 8(b), when the roof membrane RF is in an extended state, the roof membrane RF may vibrate up and down due to strong winds or the like. In that case, the roof membrane RF may come into contact with the end of the upper flange PF, and there is also a risk that this portion of the roof membrane RF will be damaged.

[0011] The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, that is, to provide a covering material type roof structure capable of realizing an opening and closing roof without applying local stress to the covering material (for example, a roof membrane) at the position where it is attached to the roof girder.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0012] The present invention was developed by focusing on the fact that a covering material (for example, a roof membrane) is pin-connected to an upper flange so as to be rotatable within a substantially vertical plane (including the vertical plane), and a buffer body is provided so that the covering material does not contact the upper flange. It is an invention based on an idea that has never existed before.

[0013] The covering material type roof structure of the present invention is a roof structure of a facility, and includes a plurality of "roof girders (girders constituting the roof)" arranged substantially parallel (including parallel), a sheet-like "covering material" covering a part (or all) of the facility, a plurality of "covering material locking means" arranged at intervals in the girder axis direction of the roof girder, and a buffer body arranged continuously (or intermittently with intervals) in the girder axis direction of the roof girder. The roof girder is composed of a web and an upper flange provided on the upper part of the web, and a part (or all) of the plurality of roof girders is movable in the direction perpendicular to the axis. The buffer body is fixed on the lower surface side of the upper flange near the end. The covering material locking means is pin-connected to the upper flange so as to be rotatable within a substantially vertical plane (including the vertical plane) on the lower surface side of the upper flange and on the web side rather than the buffer body. One end of the covering material is attached to the covering material locking means of one adjacent roof girder, and the other end of the covering material is attached to the covering material locking means of the other adjacent roof girder. When the roof girders move so that the interval between adjacent roof girders expands, the covering material expands, and the expanded covering material contacts the lower end of the buffer body, thereby avoiding contact with the upper flange.

[0014] The covering material type roof structure of the present invention can also be configured such that the covering material locking means includes a support member, a gripping member, and a connecting body. The support member is attached to the upper flange so as to be pin-connected, the gripping member grips the end of the covering material, and the connecting body connects the support member and the gripping member.

[0015] The covering material type roof structure of the present invention is provided with a covering material locking means including a support member, a gripping member, and a connecting body, and further, the connecting body can be configured to expand and contract the overall length of the covering material locking means by adjusting the distance between the support member and the gripping member.

[0016] The covering material type roof structure of the present invention can also be configured such that the buffer bodies are arranged in two or more rows.

Effects of the Invention

[0017] The covering material type roof structure of the present invention has the following effects. (1) Since the end portion of the covering material is pin-connected to the upper flange, the behavior in the rotational direction becomes free, and it is possible to suppress the occurrence of local stress concentration in the covering material. Therefore, even in the case of an opening and closing type roof, roof membranes of type A or type B can be applied. (2) Since the buffer bodies are provided, the risk of rainwater or the like entering between the expanded roof membrane and the upper flange is reduced, and as a result, the progress of corrosion of the covering material locking means can also be suppressed. (3) Also, since the buffer bodies are provided, the expanded covering material does not come into contact with the upper flange, that is, damage to the covering material due to contact can be avoided.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0019] An example of an embodiment of the covering material type roof structure of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The covering material type roof structure of the present invention can be used for the roofs of all facilities such as stadiums, concert halls, and event venues. For the sake of convenience, here it will be described by taking the example of a stadium (particularly, a soccer stadium).

[0020] Fig. 1(a) is a plan view schematically showing a soccer stadium SC provided with a covering material type roof structure 100 of the present invention. For reference, Fig. 1(b) shows a soccer stadium SC with the covering material type roof structure 100 omitted. As shown in Fig. 1(a), the covering material type roof structure 100 of the present invention includes a plurality of roof girders 110 (girders constituting the roof), a covering material 120, and a covering material locking means and a buffer body which will be described later.

[0021] The roof girder 110 is a so-called axial member in which the axial dimension (length) is prominent compared to the cross-sectional dimension, and is spanned from one end to the other end of the soccer stadium SC, and can have various shapes such as linear, arch-shaped, polygonal in side view. For convenience, here, as also shown in Fig. 1(a), the axial direction (vertical direction in the figure) of the roof girder 110 arranged on the soccer stadium SC is referred to as the "girder axial direction", and the direction perpendicular to this girder axial direction (left-right direction in the figure) is referred to as the "direction perpendicular to the girder axis". However, these girder axial direction and direction perpendicular to the girder axis are directions set on a substantially horizontal plane (including the horizontal plane). Further, although the roof girder 110 moves in the direction perpendicular to the girder axis, the direction in which the roof closes (doors are closed) (right direction in the figure) is referred to as "front", and the direction in which the roof opens (doors are opened) (left direction in the figure) is referred to as "rear". In Fig. 1(a), the covering material type roof structure 100 divided into two parts left and right is configured to move in the direction perpendicular to the girder axis, but it is not limited to this, and the covering material type roof structure 100 can also be arranged only on one side (for example, the left side).

[0022] FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view (cut along a vertical plane) schematically showing a roof purlin 110 to which a covering material 120 is attached. (a) is a view showing the covering material 120 in an extended state, and (b) is a view showing the covering material 120 in a folded state. As shown in this figure, one end (the right end in the figure) of the covering material 120 is locked to the covering material locking means 130, the covering material locking means 130 that locks the covering material 120 is attached to the roof purlin 110, and the buffer body 140 is fixed to the roof purlin 110. For the sake of convenience, in this figure, the covering material 120 and the covering material locking means 130 on the right side are omitted. As shown in FIG. 1, the covering material 120 is attached so as to span between the roof purlins 110 adjacent in the direction perpendicular to the purlin axis. That is, one end (for example, the right end) of the covering material 120 is attached to the roof purlin 110 via the covering material locking means 130, and the other end (for example, the left end) of the covering material 120 is attached to the roof purlin 110 via the covering material locking means 130. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the covering material locking means 130 is attached to the roof purlin 110 so as to be rotatable within a substantially vertical plane (including the vertical plane) (that is, it is pin-connected), whereby the covering material 120 is also attached to the roof purlin 110 so as to be rotatable within a substantially vertical plane (including the vertical plane) (that is, it is pin-connected).

[0023] Hereinafter, each main element constituting the covering material type roof structure 100 of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0024] (Roof purlin) The roof purlin 110 is a so-called shaft member in which the axial dimension is prominent compared to the cross-sectional dimension as described above, and as shown in FIG. 2, it is a member including a web 111 (web) and an upper flange 112 provided above the web 111. For example, as the roof purlin 110, a T-shaped steel (CT-shaped steel) or an H-shaped steel (or I-shaped steel) having a lower flange can be used.

[0025] The roof girder 110 is movable in a direction perpendicular to the girder axis. When the roof girder 110 moves forward, the roof is in a closed state (closed door state), and conversely, when the roof girder 110 moves backward, the roof is in an open state (open door state). When moving the roof girder 110, various conventionally used techniques can be utilized, such as a mechanism for pulling the roof girder 110 using a winch or the like, or a mechanism in which the roof girder 110 runs on its own on a rail. Note that all the roof girders 110 can be configured to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the girder axis, or only a part of the plurality of roof girders 110 can be configured to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the girder axis. For example, in FIG. 1(a), the leftmost and rightmost roof girders 110 are fixed to a part of the soccer stadium SC and are immovable, and the remaining roof girders 110 are movable.

[0026] (Covering material) The covering material 120 is a sheet-like member whose planar dimensions (width and length) are prominent compared to the wall thickness dimension, and roof membranes of type A or type B can be used. As described above, the covering material 120 is attached so as to span between the roof girders 110 adjacent in the direction perpendicular to the girder axis. When the roof girder 110 moves forward so as to be in the closed door state, the covering material 120 expands as shown in FIG. 2(a), covering all (or part) of the soccer stadium SC. Conversely, when the roof girder 110 moves backward so as to be in the open door state, the covering material 120 is folded as shown in FIG. 2(b), opening all (or part) of the soccer stadium SC. Note that as the covering material 120, in addition to roof membranes of type A or type B, roof membranes of type C or for tent warehouses can also be used, and any sheet-like material such as a blind sheet used to hide the scaffolding can be used. When using a membrane roof as the covering material 120, of course, the soccer stadium SC can be protected from rainfall and the like, and when using a blind sheet provided with a mesh, shade can be created in the soccer stadium SC.

[0027] (Covering material locking means) The covering material locking means 130 is a member that locks the covering material 120 at one end and is pin-connected to the roof girder 110 at the other end. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the covering material locking means 130, where (a) shows the covering material locking means 130 with adjustable length, and (b) shows the covering material locking means 130 with unchanging length.

[0028] The covering material locking means 130 shown in FIG. 3(a) is composed of a support member 131, a gripping member 132, and a connecting body 133. Among these, the support member 131 is composed of a support main body portion 131a with screws provided around it and an annular (ring-shaped) support connecting portion 131b fixed to one end (the right end in the figure) of the support main body portion 131a. The gripping member 132 is composed of a gripping main body portion 132a with screws provided around it and a plate-shaped first plate 132b fixed to one end (the left end in the figure) of the gripping main body portion 132a. Then, the support main body portion 131a of the support member 131 is screwed into an insertion hole provided at one end (the right side in the figure) of the connecting body 133, and the gripping main body portion 132a of the gripping member 132 is screwed into an insertion hole provided at the other end (the left side in the figure) of the connecting body 133, so that the support member 131 and the gripping member 132 are connected via the connecting body 133. That is, the covering material locking means 130 shown in FIG. 3(a) has a conventional turnbuckle structure, and by adjusting the tightening length (screw engagement length) of the support main body portion 131a and the gripping main body portion 132a, the distance between the support member 131 and the gripping member 132 can be changed, that is, the overall length of the covering material locking means 130 can be changed (i.e., it can be extended or contracted).

[0029] The covering material locking means 130 is pin-connected to the roof purlin 110 by the support coupling portion 131b of the support member 131. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, with the central holes of the annular (ring-shaped) flange coupling portion 113 attached on the lower surface side of the upper flange 112 and closer to the web 111 aligned with the central hole of the support coupling portion 131b, a pin is inserted through them, thereby pin-connecting the covering material locking means 130 to the roof purlin 110. As a result, the covering material locking means 130 is attached to the roof purlin 110 so as to be rotatable in a substantially vertical plane, and the covering material 120 is also attached to the roof purlin 110 so as to be rotatable in a substantially vertical plane. And by making the covering material 120 a pin connection, in FIG. 8(c), there are extremely bent portions in the folded roof membrane RF, whereas in FIG. 2(b), such extreme deformation portions do not occur, and it is possible to avoid the repeated action of local stress (so-called bending stress) on the covering material 120.

[0030] The covering material 120 is gripped by the first plate 132b of the gripping member 132. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the end portion of the covering material 120 is sandwiched between the first plate 132b and the plate-shaped second plate 134, and the covering material 120 is gripped by screwing a bolt 135 into the insertion hole provided in the first plate 132b, the insertion hole provided in the second plate 134, and the insertion hole provided in the covering material 120.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of covering material locking means 130 are attached to the roof purlin 110 at intervals in the purlin axis direction. FIG. 4 is a plan view seen from below schematically showing the plurality of covering material locking means 130 attached to the roof purlin 110. Of course, the covering material locking means 130 (that is, the flange coupling portion 113) is attached to the upper flanges 112 on both sides with the web 111 in between. Therefore, the covering material 120 is supported by the roof purlin 110 at a plurality of points along the purlin axis direction. Incidentally, as shown on the left side of the web 111 in FIG. 4, the end portion (the right side in the figure) of the covering material 120 can be attached to the covering material locking means 130 so as to be corrugated, or as shown on the right side of the web 111 in FIG. 4, the end portion (the left side in the figure) of the covering material 120 can be attached to the covering material locking means 130 so as to be linear.

[0032] The covering material locking means 130 may have a turnbuckle structure as shown in Fig. 3(a), or may have a structure in which the support member 131 and the gripping member 132 are connected by using the connecting body 133 as a mere coupler so that the length (the distance between the support main body portion 131a and the gripping main body portion 132a) is not changed. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 3(b), a configuration not including the gripping member 132 and the connecting body 133 may be adopted. In this case, the support member 131 is composed of a support main body portion 131a, a support coupling portion 131b, and a plate-like support plate 131c fixed to one end (the left end in the figure) of the support main body portion 131a. Then, the end portion of the covering material 120 is clamped by the support plate 131c and the second plate 134, and the covering material 120 is gripped by screwing a bolt 135 into the insertion hole provided in the support plate 131c, the insertion hole of the second plate 134, and the insertion hole of the covering material 120.

[0033] (Buffer body) As shown in Fig. 2(a), the buffer body 140 is formed including a buffer support member 141 and a buffer material 142, and is fixed on the lower surface side of the upper flange 112 of the water stop wall 141, outside the covering material locking means 130, that is, near the end portion (including the end portion) of the upper flange 112.

[0034] The buffer member 140 is a member for preventing damage caused by the extended covering material 120 coming into contact with the upper flange 111. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 2(a), the buffer member 140 is interposed above the extended covering material 120 to avoid contact with the upper flange 111. Therefore, the buffer material 142 that contacts the upper surface of the covering material 120 is formed of a material that does not damage the covering material 120, such as a resin material like synthetic rubber. Also, as shown on the left side of the web 111 in Fig. 5, the buffer material 142 is continuously arranged in the span axis direction of the roof girder 110. Alternatively, as shown on the left side of the web 111 in Fig. 5, the buffer material 142 can be arranged intermittently with an interval in the span axis direction of the roof girder 110, or the buffer material 142 can be arranged in two or more rows (two rows in the figure). Fig. 5 is a plan view seen from below schematically showing the buffer material 142 attached to the roof girder 110. In this figure, two rows of buffer materials 142 are arranged intermittently, but of course, the buffer materials 142 can also be continuously arranged in two or more rows. Also, when arranging the buffer materials 142 in two or more rows intermittently, it is advisable to install the buffer materials 142 so that the provided intervals do not overlap (so-called non-overlapping like a stepped joint), that is, so that this interval is arranged in a staggered pattern.

[0035] The buffer support member 141 supports the buffer material 142 attached to its lower end by being fixed to the upper flange 111 at its upper end. This buffer support member 141 can be rod-shaped or cylindrical, or can be in the form of a thin plate wall surface. By continuously installing the wall surface-shaped buffer support member 141 in the span axis direction (or intermittently with an interval), as shown in Fig. 2(a), it is possible to prevent rainwater, etc. from entering between the extended roof membrane 120 and the upper flange 111. As a result, it is possible to suppress the progress of corrosion of the covering material locking means 130 and the flange joint portion 113, which is preferable.

[0036] (Usage example) FIG. 6 is a step diagram when the covering material type roof structure 100 of the present invention is used. (a) is a partial cross-sectional view (cut along a vertical plane) showing the state where the covering material 120 is extended, and (b) is a partial cross-sectional view (cut along a vertical plane) showing the state where the covering material 120 is folded.

[0037] In FIG. 6(a), as the roof purlin 110 moves forward, the distance between two adjacent roof purlins 110 expands. As a result, the covering material 120 is in an extended closed door state. At this time, the upper surface of the extended covering material 120 abuts against the buffer body 140 (especially the buffer material 142), thereby avoiding contact with the upper flange 111. That is, damage associated with contact with the upper flange 111 is prevented. In addition, the wall-like buffer support member 141 prevents rainwater and the like from entering between the extended roof membrane 120 and the upper flange 111. That is, the corrosion progress of the covering material locking means 130 and the flange coupling portion 113 is suppressed.

[0038] In FIG. 6(b), as the roof purlin 110 moves backward, the distance between two adjacent roof purlins 110 shrinks. As a result, the covering material 120 is in a folded open door state. At this time, since the covering material 120 is pin-connected to the roof purlin 110 via the covering material locking means 130, no extreme deformation part occurs in the covering material 120. That is, the repeated action of local stress (so-called stress due to bending) on the covering material 120 is avoided.

Industrial Applicability

[0039] The covering material type roof structure of the present invention can be adopted in various stadiums such as baseball stadiums, soccer stadiums, and track and field stadiums, entertainment facilities that hold various events including concerts, or commercial facilities with large factories, arcades, etc. In particular, it can be preferably adopted for the opening and closing roofs of facilities that require non-combustible roof membranes such as type A and type B roof membranes.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0040] 100 Covering material type roof structure of the present invention 110 Roof purlin 111 Web 112 Upper flange 113 Flange joint 120 Cover material 130 Cover material locking means 131 Support material 131a Support body part 131b Support joint 131c Support plate 132 Gripping material 132a Gripping body part 132b First plate 133 Connector 134 Second plate 135 Bolt 140 Buffer BL Bolt PF Upper flange PG Gasket plate PS Clamping plate PW Web RF Membrane roof RG Roof truss SC Soccer stadium

Claims

1. A roof structure of a facility, including a plurality of roof girders arranged in parallel or substantially parallel, a sheet-like covering material covering part or all of the facility, a plurality of covering material locking means arranged at intervals in the girder axis direction of the roof girder, and a buffer body arranged continuously or intermittently at intervals in the girder axis direction of the roof girder, The roof girder includes a web and an upper flange provided on the upper part of the web, and some or all of the plurality of roof girders are movable in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the girder axis direction of the roof girder and horizontal or substantially horizontal, The buffer body is fixed on the lower surface side of the upper flange near the end, The covering material locking means is pin-connected to the upper flange on the lower surface side of the upper flange and on the web side of the buffer body so as to be rotatable in a vertical or substantially vertical plane, One end of the covering material is attached to the covering material locking means of one of the adjacent roof girders, and the other end of the covering material is attached to the covering material locking means of the other adjacent roof girder, When the roof girders move so that the interval between the adjacent roof girders expands, the covering material expands, The expanded covering material avoids contact with the upper flange by contacting the lower end of the buffer body. A covering material type roof structure characterized by this.

2. The covering material locking means has a support material, a gripping material, and a connecting body, The support material is attached to the upper flange so as to be pin-connected, The gripping material grips the end of the covering material, The connecting body connects the support material and the gripping material. The covering material type roof structure according to claim 1, characterized by this.

3. By adjusting the distance between the support material and the gripping material, the covering material locking means can be expanded and contracted. The covering material type roof structure according to claim 2, characterized in that.

4. The buffer bodies are arranged in two or more rows. The covering material type roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that.

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