Vehicle Glass and Camera Unit

Abstract

Provided are a high-quality vehicle glass and a high-quality camera unit that suppress generation of a horizontal double image.　This vehicle glass for use in a HUD is provided with: a glass substrate 12 and a glass substrate 14; and an intermediate film 16 interposed between the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14. The average horizontal wedge angle that is an average wedge angle in a horizontal direction from the center of the vehicle glass 1 is 0.04-0.12 mrad.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to vehicle glass and a camera unit.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, so-called head-up displays (HUDs) may be installed in automobiles. As a display unit of the HUD, a front glass to which laminated glass is applied may be used. The laminated glass applied to the front glass is formed by laminating an intermediate film between two glasses. In order to suppress the occurrence of a so-called double image (ghost image) of the HUD image, it is known to make the cross-sectional shape of the intermediate film wedge-shaped.

[0003] Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose that the wedge angle of the intermediate film is formed by stretching a flat thermoplastic sheet. Patent Documents 3, 4, and 5 disclose a wedge-shaped intermediate film formed by overlapping a wedge-shaped sheet and a sheet to be wedged.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Patent Document 5

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] When the intermediate film is stretched excessively to form a high wedge angle of the intermediate film, in the HUD region located in the left and right regions of the front glass, the lateral wedge angle (hereinafter referred to as "lateral wedge angle") becomes large, and there is a possibility that a lateral double image of the HUD image may occur. When a lateral double image of the HUD image occurs, the visibility of the HUD image decreases.

[0006] In recent years, various sensors including cameras have been increasingly installed close to the front glass. When stretched excessively, in the camera region located in the central region of the front glass, the longitudinal wedge angle (hereinafter referred to as "longitudinal wedge angle") becomes large, and there is a possibility that a lateral perspective double image in the camera region may occur. When a lateral perspective double image occurs in the camera region, the sensing performance for recognizing the situation in front of the vehicle deteriorates.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a high-quality vehicle glass and a camera unit that suppress the occurrence of lateral double images.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] The vehicle glass according to the present disclosure is a vehicle glass used for a head-up display, and includes two glass substrates and an intermediate film sandwiched between the glass substrates. The average lateral wedge angle, which is the average wedge angle in the lateral direction from the center of the vehicle glass, is 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less.

Effects of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, the occurrence of lateral double images can be suppressed and the quality can be improved.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010]

Figure 1

Figure 2A

Figure 2B

Figure 2C

Figure 3A

Figure 3B

Figure 4

Figure 5A

Figure 5B

Figure 5C

Figure 6

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, some preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Note that the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described below, and the embodiments also include those configured by combining a plurality of embodiments. Also, numerical values include the range of rounding.

[0012] (Vehicle) FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a vehicle glass according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted on a vehicle. As shown in FIG. 1, a vehicle glass 1 according to the present embodiment is mounted on a vehicle V. The vehicle glass 1 is a window member applied to the front glass of the vehicle V and is used as a windshield. The interior (inside the vehicle) of the vehicle V refers to, for example, the passenger compartment where the driver's driver's seat is provided. Inside the vehicle V (inside the vehicle), a camera C and a projection unit H of the HUD are arranged facing the vehicle glass 1. The camera C is, for example, a far-infrared camera or a visible light camera. The vehicle glass 1, the camera C, and the projection unit AC constitute a camera unit 100 according to the present embodiment.

[0013] A far-infrared camera is a camera that detects far-infrared rays and captures a thermal image of the outside of the vehicle V by detecting far-infrared rays from the outside of the vehicle V. Far-infrared rays are, for example, electromagnetic waves in a wavelength band of 8 μm or more and 13 μm or less.

[0014] A visible light camera is a camera that detects visible light and captures a visible light image of the outside of the vehicle V by detecting visible light from the outside of the vehicle V. Visible light is, for example, electromagnetic waves in a wavelength band of 360 nm or more and 830 nm or less. In the example of the present embodiment, the camera C is a far-infrared camera or a visible light camera, but both a far-infrared camera and a visible light camera may be provided.

[0015] The projection unit H is a device that projects an image for the HUD onto the vehicle glass 1, that is, for example, a projector.

[0016] (Vehicle glass) Figures 2A to 2C are schematic plan views of the vehicle glass according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2A, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along section B-B of FIG. 2A. As shown in FIG. 2A, hereinafter, the upper edge of the vehicle glass 1 is defined as the upper edge portion 1a, the lower edge is defined as the lower edge portion 1b, one side edge is defined as the side edge portion 1c, and the other side edge is defined as the side edge portion 1d. The upper edge portion 1a is an edge portion located on the upper side in the vertical direction when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The lower edge portion 1b is an edge portion located on the lower side in the vertical direction when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The side edge portion 1c is an edge portion located on one side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The side edge portion 1d is an edge portion located on the other side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V.

[0017] Hereinafter, among the directions parallel to the surface of the vehicle glass 1, the direction from the upper edge portion 1a toward the lower edge portion 1b is defined as the Y direction (vertical direction), and the direction from the side edge portion 1c toward the side edge portion 1d is defined as the X direction (horizontal direction). In the present embodiment, the X direction and the Y direction are orthogonal to each other. Further, the direction orthogonal to the surface of the vehicle glass 1, in other words, the thickness direction of the vehicle glass 1 is defined as the Z direction. The Z direction is, for example, the direction from the outside of the vehicle V toward the inside of the vehicle V when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. Note that the X direction and the Y direction are along the surface of the vehicle glass 1. However, for example, when the surface of the vehicle glass 1 is a curved surface, the X direction and the Y direction may be the directions tangent to the surface of the vehicle glass 1 at the center point O of the vehicle glass 1. The center point O is the center position of the vehicle glass 1 when viewed from the Z direction.

[0018] The vehicle glass 1 has a light-transmitting region A1 and a light-shielding region A2. The light-transmitting region A1 is a region occupying the central portion of the vehicle glass 1 when viewed from the Z direction, and is a region for securing the driver's field of view. The light-transmitting region A1 is a region that transmits visible light. The light-shielding region A2 is a region formed around the light-transmitting region A1 when viewed from the Z direction. The light-shielding region A2 is a region that shields visible light and far-infrared rays.

[0019] (Camera region) In the light-shielding region A21, which is a portion of the light-shielding region A2 on the upper edge portion 1a side, a camera region AC (central region) is formed as shown in FIG. 2B. The camera region AC is a region that transmits far-infrared rays or visible light according to the type of camera to be arranged. That is, when the camera C is a far-infrared camera, the camera region AC transmits far-infrared rays, and when the camera C is a visible light camera, the camera region AC transmits visible light. When both a far-infrared camera and a visible light camera are provided, a camera region AC is formed for each. The camera region AC is a region corresponding to the position where the camera C is arranged inside the vehicle. That is, the camera C is provided at a position overlapping the camera region AC when viewed from the optical axis direction of the camera C. The camera region AC is surrounded by a light-shielding region A21.

[0020] As shown in FIG. 2B, in the example of the present embodiment, a region (range) in which the camera region AC can be formed in the entire area of the vehicle glass 1 is defined as a first region ARC (a region indicated by a dotted line in the upper center in the figure). That is, the camera region AC is formed within the first region ARC of the vehicle glass 1, but is not limited thereto and may be provided at any position. In the example of the present embodiment, the first region ARC may be located on the upper edge portion 1a side of the vehicle glass 1. That is, the first region ARC may be a region extending from the upper edge portion 1a to a position at a length LC1 away from the lower edge portion 1b in the Y direction. Assuming the length in the Y direction from the upper edge portion 1a to the lower edge portion 1b is the length L1, the length LC1 is preferably 30% of the length L1, more preferably 28% of the length L1, and even more preferably 25% of the length L1. Also, the length LC1 is preferably 50 mm or more and 300 mm or less, and preferably 50 mm or more and 350 mm or less. Further, in the present embodiment, the first region ARC is located at the center in the X direction of the vehicle glass 1. That is, the position in the X direction of the center point Oa, which is the center position of the first region ARC when viewed from the Z direction, coincides with the position in the X direction of the center point O of the vehicle glass 1. The position in the X direction of the first region ARC is an example and is not limited to the present embodiment.

[0021] Here, let the length in the X direction from the side edge portion 1c to the side edge portion 1d be length L2, and let the length in the X direction of the first region ARC be length L2a. The length L2 is the length in the X direction between the side edge portion 1c and the side edge portion 1d at the central position of the vehicle glass 1 in the Y direction. The length L2a is the length between both side edges of the first region ARC at a position passing through the central point Oa in the X direction of the first region ARC. In this case, the length L2a is preferably 55% of the length L2, more preferably 40%, and even more preferably 30%. The length L2a is preferably 600 mm or more and 1500 mm or less.

[0022] The camera region AC is formed in a rectangular shape, for example, a trapezoidal shape when viewed from the Z direction in the present embodiment, but the shape may be arbitrary. The maximum distance (height) dA1 in the Y direction of the camera region AC is preferably, for example, 30 mm or more and 150 mm or less. The maximum distance (length of the base) dA2 in the X-axis direction of the camera region AC is preferably, for example, 50 mm or more and 400 mm or less.

[0023] (HUD region) In the light-transmitting region A1, a portion on the side of the side edge portion 1c or the side edge portion 1d, in this embodiment, the portion on the side of the side edge portion 1d, as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, a HUD region AH (lateral region) is formed. The HUD region AH is a region where an image from the projection unit H is projected. The projection unit H is provided at a position overlapping the HUD region AH when viewed from the optical axis direction of the projection unit H. Also, the HUD region AH can be said to be a range where light from the mirror constituting the HUD in the vehicle is irradiated onto the windshield when the mirror constituting the HUD arranged in the vehicle is rotated in an instrument box based on SAE-J1757-2 (2018).

[0024] As shown in FIG. 2C, in the example of the present embodiment, a region (range) in which the HUD region AH (a region surrounded by a dotted line in the lower right in the figure) can be formed out of the entire area of the vehicle glass 1 is defined as the second region ARH. That is, the HUD region AH is formed within the second region ARH of the vehicle glass 1, but is not limited thereto and may be provided at an arbitrary position. In the present embodiment, the second region ARH is located closer to the X-direction side (1d side) than the center of the vehicle glass 1. The position of the second region ARH is not limited to the position in the present embodiment. Here, the distance in the Y direction from the lower edge portion 1b of the vehicle glass 1 to the side on the lower edge portion 1b side of the second region ARH is defined as the length LH1a, and the length in the Y direction of the second region ARH is defined as the length LH1b. In this case, the length LH1a is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more, and still more preferably 20% or more with respect to the length L1 of the vehicle glass 1 from the viewpoint of securing the HUD region. Also, the length LH1a is preferably 50% or less with respect to the length L1, and is preferably, for example, 100 mm or more and 300 mm or less. That is, the second region ARH and the HUD region AH are preferably regions that are separated by 100 mm or more in the Y direction from the lower edge portion 1b. The length LH1b of the second region ARH is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more, and still more preferably 20% or more with respect to the length L1 of the vehicle glass 1 from the viewpoint of the visual field of the HUD region. Also, the length LH1b of the second region ARH is preferably 70% or less with respect to the length L1, and is preferably, for example, 100 mm or more and 600 mm or less.

[0025] Also, the distance in the X direction from the center point O of the vehicle glass 1 to the side on the center point O side of the second region ARH is defined as length LH2a, and the length in the X direction of the second region ARH is defined as length LH2b. In this case, the length LH2a is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more, and still more preferably 20% or more in terms of securing the HUD region with respect to the length L2 of the vehicle glass 1. Also, the length LH2a is preferably 40% or less with respect to the length L2, and preferably, for example, 100 mm or more and 400 mm or less. That is, it can also be said that the second region ARH and the HUD region AH are preferably regions separated by 100 mm or more in the X direction with respect to the center point O. The length LH2b of the second region ARH is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more, and still more preferably 20% or more with respect to the length L2 of the vehicle glass 1. Also, the length LH1b of the second region ARH is preferably 70% or less with respect to the length L2 from the viewpoint of the field of view of the HUD region, and preferably, for example, 100 mm or more and 500 mm or less. In the example of FIG. 2C, the second region ARH is formed on the side edge portion 1d side with respect to the center point O, but it may be formed on the side edge portion 1c side with respect to the center point O. The position and size of the second region ARH when formed on the side edge portion 1c side with respect to the center point O are line-symmetric with respect to the center line along the Y direction passing through the center point O with respect to the position and size of the second region ARH formed on the side edge portion 1d side with respect to the center point O described above, and thus the description is omitted.

[0026] The HUD region AH is formed, for example, in a rectangular shape, specifically a parallelogram shape when viewed from the Z direction, but the shape may be arbitrary. In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 2C, the length dH1 of the side in the Y direction of the HUD region AH is preferably, for example, 100 mm or more and 600 mm or less. The length dH2 of the side in the X-axis direction of the HUD region AH is preferably, for example, 100 mm or more and 600 mm or less.

[0027] In the HUD area AH, the radius of curvature in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle glass 1 is preferably 4000 mm or more and 20000 mm or less, and the radius of curvature in the transverse direction is preferably 1000 mm or more and 10000 mm or less. More preferably, the radius of curvature in the longitudinal direction is 6000 mm or more and 20000 mm or less, and the radius of curvature in the transverse direction is 1000 mm or more and 10000 mm or less. Here, the radius of curvature in the longitudinal direction refers to the radius of curvature of a curve extending in the Y direction along the surface of the vehicle glass 1, and the radius of curvature in the transverse direction refers to the radius of curvature of a curve extending in the X direction along the surface of the vehicle glass 1.

[0028] In addition, for the FOV (Field Of View) of the HUD image, which is the image projected onto the HUD area AH, it is preferably that the vertical viewing angle × the horizontal viewing angle is 4 deg × 1 deg or more, more preferably 5 deg × 1.5 deg or more, still more preferably 6 deg × 2 deg or more, and even more preferably 7 deg × 3 deg or more. Here, the vertical viewing angle refers to the range in the Y direction where the HUD image can be normally visually recognized, and the horizontal viewing angle here refers to the range in the X direction where the HUD image can be normally visually recognized.

[0029] As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the vehicle glass 1 is a laminated glass formed by stacking a glass substrate 12, a glass substrate 14, and an intermediate film 16 in the Z direction (thickness direction).

[0030] (Glass Substrate) As the glass substrate 12, for example, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate, or organic glass can be used, but it is not limited thereto. The thickness of the glass substrate 12 is preferably 1.8 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less, and more preferably 1.9 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. When the thickness of the glass substrate 12 is within this range, it is possible to appropriately maintain the resistance performance against flying stones and the like while suppressing an increase in weight and a decrease in formability.

[0031] As the glass substrate 14, for example, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate, or organic glass can be used, but it is not limited thereto. The thickness of the glass substrate 14 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less, and more preferably 0.4 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. If the thickness of the glass substrate 14 is thinner than this, handling during manufacturing and assembly becomes difficult. By setting the thickness of the glass substrate 14 within this range, the followability to the intermediate film 16 can be appropriately maintained.

[0032] When the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are bent, the vicinity of the center where the bending is deepest tends to extend in the in-plane direction. As a result, as shown in Fig. 3A, the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are bent in the X direction, and the thickness near the center in the X direction of the bend becomes thinner. Also, as shown in Fig. 3B, the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are bent in the Y direction, and the thickness becomes thinner from the upper edge portion 1a and the lower edge portion 1b toward the center in the Y direction. Thus, the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 have a wedge-like shape. Since the thickness of the intermediate film 16 increases from the lower edge portion 1b toward the upper edge portion 1a, the overall thickness of the vehicle glass 1 increases from the lower edge portion 1b toward the upper edge portion 1a.

[0033] The intermediate film 16 is an adhesive layer that bonds the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14. As the intermediate film 16, for example, thermoplastic resins such as PVB (Poly Vinyl Butyral), EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate), and COP (Cyclo Olefin Polymer) can be used, but it is not limited thereto. The thickness of the intermediate film 16 (total thickness when there are multiple layers of the intermediate film) is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less, more preferably 0.7 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.7 mm or more and 1 mm or less. By setting the thickness of the intermediate film 16 within this range, while ensuring the safety performance required for laminated glass, an increase in weight and difficulty in handling during manufacturing and assembly are suppressed.

[0034] The intermediate film 16 is preferably stretched and cut for use when pulling out the roll-shaped intermediate film carried in a roll state from the roll. After the intermediate film 16 is stretched in a roll state and then cut, the in-plane elongation near the edge, which is the cut edge, tends to return to its original state. As a result, as shown in Fig. 3A, the vicinity of the edge of the intermediate film 16 in the X direction becomes thicker than the vicinity of the center. Also, as shown in Fig. 3B, the intermediate film 16 is bent in the Y direction, and the thickness increases as it approaches the upper edge 1a. In this way, the intermediate film 16 is wedge-shaped with a wedge angle applied laterally from the center to both ends by stretching and a wedge angle applied vertically from the bottom to the top by stretching.

[0035] The intermediate film 16 may be a single layer or a plurality of layers. In the case of a plurality of layers, it is preferable to stack a plurality of cut layers after stretching to form the intermediate film. In the case of a plurality of layers, the materials used can be the same as those described above. By making the intermediate film into a plurality of layers, the wedge angles due to the stretching of each layer can be added together according to the number of layers, so that the wedge angle can be increased more effectively than in the case of a single layer. Examples of the plurality of layers include a combination of a sound insulation film and a single-layer film, or a combination of a sound insulation film and a sound insulation film. The sound insulation film is exemplified by a three-layer structure of a single-layer film 380μm + a sound insulation film 510μm (where the core layer is 90μm) + a single-layer film 380μm, or a two-layer structure of a sound insulation film 510μm (where the core layer is 90μm) + a sound insulation film 510μm (where the core layer is 90μm). The sound insulation film is an intermediate film having a sound insulation function. For example, it is composed of three or more layers including an outer layer, a core layer, and an outer layer. By making the shore hardness of the core layer lower than that of the outer layer by adjusting a plasticizer or the like, the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be improved. In this case, the shore hardness of the outer layers may be the same or different. It is preferable to have a plurality of core layers because the sound insulation of the laminated glass can be further improved. The sound insulation effect of the sound insulation film is improved by about 5 dB in the vicinity of 1000 - 4000 Hz, which is considered the most audible frequency range for humans, compared with the conventional intermediate film. Since this frequency range is almost equal to the frequency of the wind noise, which is a major noise source during driving, the wind noise can be significantly blocked. In addition, it also has excellent vibration damping properties, can effectively suppress the vibration of 100 - 500 Hz generated by the engine, and can also block the noise transmitted from the glass.

[0036] The intermediate film 16 may have a film with an ultraviolet absorption or infrared absorption function. The portion of the intermediate film 16 corresponding to the upper edge portion 1a of the vehicle glass 1 may be colored. The intermediate film 16 may have three or more layers, such as a sound insulation PVB in which a layer having a sound insulation function is sandwiched between PVB layers. When the intermediate film 16 has three or more layers, the thickness of the core layer located at the center in the thickness direction is preferably 70 μm or more and 130 μm or less, more preferably 80 μm or more and 120 μm or less, and even more preferably 90 μm or more and 110 μm or less. By setting the core layer to this thickness, it is possible to suppress the reduction of the sound insulation function of the intermediate film 16. When the intermediate film 16 is composed of a plurality of layers, some of the layers may be wedge-shaped and some of the other layers may not be wedge-shaped and may have a constant thickness.

[0037] It is preferable that the intermediate film 16 uses the same material throughout. Depending on the adhesiveness with the glass substrate 10, the functions of the materials included in the laminated glass, etc., if a material included in the scope of the present invention is used in an amount of about 50% or more of the thickness of the intermediate film 16, a plurality of materials may be used.

[0038] The vehicle glass 1 has a glass substrate 12, an intermediate film 16, and a glass substrate 14 laminated in this order in the Z direction. The glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are fixed (adhered) to each other via the intermediate film 16. More specifically, the glass substrate 12 includes one surface 12A and the other surface 12B. The other surface 12B is in contact with one surface 16A of the intermediate film 16 and is fixed (adhered) to the intermediate film 16. Also, the glass substrate 14 includes one surface 14A and the other surface 14B. One surface 14A is in contact with the other surface 16B of the intermediate film 16 and is fixed (adhered) to the intermediate film 16. Thus, the vehicle glass 1 is a laminated glass in which the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are laminated. Hereinafter, when not distinguishing between both the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14, it is described as the glass substrate 10.

[0039] The vehicle glass 1 may have a film having a water-repellent, ultraviolet-absorbing, or infrared-absorbing function, or a film having low-emissivity characteristics on the surface 12A of the glass substrate 12.

[0040] The vehicle glass 1 may have a film having an ultraviolet-absorbing, infrared-absorbing, or visible-light-absorbing function, a film having low-emissivity characteristics, or a colored film between the surface 14A of the glass substrate 14 and the surface 16B of the intermediate film 16.

[0041] Between the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14, in addition to the wedge-shaped intermediate film 16, it may further have a film or device having functions such as electric heating wires, infrared reflection, light emission, power generation, light control, visible-light reflection, scattering, decoration, absorption, etc.

[0042] The vehicle glass 1 forms a light-shielding region A2 by providing a light-shielding layer on the glass substrate 10. In other words, the light-shielding region A2 is the region where the glass substrate 10 is provided with the light-shielding layer. The light-shielding region A2 is the region where the glass substrate 12, the intermediate film 16, the glass substrate 14, and the light-shielding layer are laminated. On the other hand, the light-transmitting region A1 is the region where the glass substrate 10 is not provided with the light-shielding layer. In other words, the light-transmitting region A1 is the region where the glass substrate 12, the intermediate film 16, and the glass substrate 14 are laminated and the light-shielding layer is not laminated.

[0043] Similar to the light-transmitting region A1, the camera region AC is the region where the glass substrate 10 is not provided with the light-shielding layer in the Z direction. In other words, the camera region AC is the region where the glass substrate 12, the intermediate film 16, and the glass substrate 14 are laminated and the light-shielding layer is not laminated. Further, the camera region AC provided for the far-infrared camera is filled with a far-infrared transmitting member that transmits far-infrared rays.

[0044] (Shape of the vehicle glass) As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the vehicle glass 1 has a curved shape that is convex toward the outside of the vehicle, but it may also be planar. Further, the vehicle glass 1 has a wedge shape. The wedge shape refers to a shape in which the thickness (length in the Z direction) varies depending on the position in the in-plane direction. As shown in FIG. 3B, in the Y direction, the vehicle glass 1 has an increasing thickness toward the upper edge portion 1a. Also, as shown in FIG. 3A, in the X direction, the vehicle glass 1 has a decreasing thickness toward the center, or in other words, the thickness increases from the center toward the side edge portions 1c and 1d.

[0045] (Average longitudinal wedge angle) Figure 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining various wedge angles. First, the average longitudinal wedge angle α1a of the vehicle glass 1 as the longitudinal wedge angle will be described. The longitudinal wedge angle refers to the wedge angle in the Y direction, that is, the degree of change in thickness in the Y direction. Here, let the intersection of the plane passing through the centroid of the HUD region AH and parallel to the YZ plane and the line LD located upward by a distance u1 from the lower edge A1b of the light-transmitting region A1 and along the lower edge A1b be point C0. Also, let the intersection of the line located downward by a distance u2 from the upper edge A1a of the light-transmitting region A1 and along the upper edge A1a and the plane passing through point C0 and parallel to the ZY plane be point Cx. The distance u1 and the distance u2 are, for example, 50 mm. By setting the distances u1 and u2 to 50 mm, the influence of the bend by the light-shielding region A2 can be removed and the longitudinal wedge angle can be appropriately confirmed. The average longitudinal wedge angle α1a of the vehicle glass 1 is defined by the following formula (1a), where the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at point C0 is tC0a, the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at point Cx is tCxa, and the distance along the glass between point Cx and point C0 (the distance along the surface of the vehicle glass 1) is d1. Note that the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 refers to the overall thickness (total thickness) of the vehicle glass 1.

[0046] α1a=(tCxa - tC0a) / (d1) ···(1a)

[0047] The average longitudinal wedge angle α1a of the vehicle glass 1 is preferably 0.1 mrad or more and 0.4 mrad or less, more preferably 0.1 mrad or more and 0.35 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0.1 mrad or more and 0.3 mrad or less.

[0048] Next, the average longitudinal wedge angle α1b of the glass substrate 10 as the longitudinal wedge angle will be described. The average longitudinal wedge angle α1b of the glass substrate 10 is defined by the following formula (1b), where the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at point C0 is tC0b and the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at point Cx is tCxb. Note that the thickness of the glass substrate 10 refers to the total thickness (glass thickness) of the two glass substrates 12 and 14.

[0049] α1b=(tCxb - tC0b) / (d1) ···(1b)

[0050] The average longitudinal wedge angle α1b of the glass substrate 10 is preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.4 mrad or less, more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.2 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less.

[0051] Next, the average longitudinal wedge angle α1c of the intermediate film 16 as the longitudinal wedge angle will be described. The average longitudinal wedge angle α1c of the intermediate film 16 is defined by the following formula (1c), where the thickness of the intermediate film 16 at point C0 is tC0c and the thickness of the intermediate film 16 at point Cx is tCxc.

[0052] α1c = (tCxc - tC0c) / (d1) ···(1c)

[0053] The average longitudinal wedge angle α1c of the intermediate film 16 is preferably 0.1 mrad or more and 0.4 mrad or less, more preferably 0.1 mrad or more and 0.35 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0.1 mrad or more and 0.3 mrad or less. By having these average longitudinal wedge angles α1a, α1b, and α1c within this range, the generation of longitudinal double images in which the image is double-reflected in the Y direction can be suppressed.

[0054] (Average transverse wedge angle of the entire area) The transverse wedge angle will be described. The transverse wedge angle refers to the wedge angle in the X direction, that is, the degree of change in thickness in the X direction. First, the average transverse wedge angle α2a of the entire area of the vehicle glass 1 as the transverse wedge angle will be described. The average transverse wedge angle α2a is the average transverse wedge angle over the entire surface of the vehicle glass 1 and can be said to be the average wedge angle from the center in the X direction in the X direction. Here, a plane passing through the center of gravity of the HUD region AH and parallel to the ZX plane intersects the center line LC along the Y direction passing through the center point O of the vehicle glass 1 at a point A0. Also, an intersection point Ax of a line located on the center line LC side by a distance u3 from the side edge A1d of the light-transmitting region A1 and along the side edge A1d and a plane passing through point A0 and parallel to the ZX plane is defined. The distance u3 is the same as the distances u1 and u2, for example, 50 mm. By setting the distance u3 to 50 mm, the influence of the bend by the light-shielding region A2 can be removed and the transverse wedge angle can be appropriately confirmed. The average lateral wedge angle α2a of the vehicle glass 1 is defined by the following formula (2a), where the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at point A0 is tA0a, the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at point Ax is tAxa, and the distance along the glass between point Ax and point A0 is d2.

[0055] α2a = (tAxa - tA0a) / (d2) ···(2a)

[0056] The average lateral wedge angle α2a of the vehicle glass 1 is 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less, more preferably 0.05 mrad or more and 0.11 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0.06 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less.

[0057] Next, the average lateral wedge angle α2b of the entire area of the glass substrate 10 as the lateral wedge angle will be described. The average lateral wedge angle α2b is the average lateral wedge angle over the entire area of the glass substrate 10, and can be said to be the average wedge angle in the X direction from the center in the X direction. The average lateral wedge angle α2b of the glass substrate 10 is defined by the following formula (2b), where the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at point A0 is tA0b and the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at point Ax is tAxb. Note that the thickness of the glass substrate 10 refers to the total thickness (glass thickness) of the two glass substrates 12 and 14.

[0058] α2b = (tAxb - tA0b) / (d2) ···(2b)

[0059] The average lateral wedge angle α2b of the glass substrate 10 is preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.025 mrad or less, more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.015 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.01 mrad or less. When there is an angle, the average lateral wedge angle α2b is preferably 0.005 mrad or more and 0.025 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.015 mrad or less, and 0.005 mrad or more and 0.01 mrad or less.

[0060] Next, the average transverse wedge angle α2c of the entire intermediate film 16 as the transverse wedge angle will be described. The average transverse wedge angle α2c is the average transverse wedge angle over the entire intermediate film 16, and can be said to be the average wedge angle in the X direction from the center in the X direction. The average transverse wedge angle α2c of the intermediate film 16 is defined by the following formula (2c), where the thickness of the intermediate film 16 at point A0 is tA0c and the thickness of the intermediate film 16 at point Ax is tAxc.

[0061] α2c = (tAxc - tA0c) / (d2) ···(2c)

[0062] The average transverse wedge angle α2c of the intermediate film 16 is preferably 0.03 mrad or more and 0.09 mrad or less, more preferably 0.035 mrad or more and 0.08 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0.04 mrad or more and 0.07 mrad or less. By setting these average transverse wedge angles α2a, α2b, and α2c within this range, it is possible to suppress the generation of horizontal double images in which the image is double-exposed in the X direction.

[0063] (Average Transverse Wedge Angle of Camera Region) As the transverse wedge angle, the central average transverse wedge angle α3a in the camera region AC of the vehicle glass 1 will be described. The central average transverse wedge angle α3a is the average transverse wedge angle in the camera region AC of the vehicle glass 1. Here, on a plane parallel to the ZX plane passing through the center of gravity of the camera region AC, a point located on the side edge ACc of the camera region AC is defined as point D0, and a point located on the side edge ACd (the side edge opposite to the side edge ACc) of the camera region AC on a plane parallel to the ZX plane passing through the center of gravity of the camera region AC is defined as point Dx. The central average transverse wedge angle α3a of the camera region AC of the vehicle glass 1 is defined by the following formula (3a), where the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at point D0 is tD0a, the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at point Dx is tDxa, and the distance along the glass between point Dx and point D0 is d3. Note that the central average transverse wedge angle α3a may be the average transverse wedge angle of the vehicle glass 1 in the first region ARC (see FIG. 2B) where the camera region AC is located. In this case, point D0 is located on one side of the first region ARC, and point Dx is located on the other side of the first region ARC.

[0064] α3a = (tDxa - tD0a) / (d3) ···(3a)

[0065] The central average transverse wedge angle α3a in the camera region AC of the vehicle glass 1 is preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less, more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.08 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.05 mrad or less. When the central average transverse wedge angle α3a is angled, it is preferably 0.005 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.08 mrad or less, and 0.005 mrad or more and 0.05 mrad or less. It is preferable that the average transverse wedge angle α2a is larger than the central average transverse wedge angle α3a in terms of suppressing lateral perspective double images and making lateral double images good. Specifically, it is preferable that the average transverse wedge angle α2a is larger than the central average transverse wedge angle α3a by 0.005 mrad or more for the above reasons.

[0066] Next, the central average transverse wedge angle α3b in the camera region AC of the glass substrate 10 as the transverse wedge angle will be described. The central average transverse wedge angle α3b is the average transverse wedge angle in the camera region AC of the glass substrate 10. The central average transverse wedge angle α3b of the glass substrate 10 is defined by the following formula (3b) when the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at point D0 is tD0b and the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at point Dx is tDxb. Note that the central average transverse wedge angle α3b may be the average transverse wedge angle of the glass substrate 10 in the first region ARC (see FIG. 2B) which is the range where the camera region AC is located. In this case, point D0 is located on one side of the first region ARC, and point Dx is located on the other side of the first region ARC. Note that the thickness of the glass substrate 10 refers to the total thickness (glass thickness) of the two glass substrates 12 and 14

[0067] α3b = (tDxb - tD0b) / (d3) ···(3b)

[0068] The central average lateral wedge angle α3b in the camera region AC of the glass substrate 10 is preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less, more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.08 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.05 mrad or less. When the central average lateral wedge angle α3b is angled, it is preferably 0.005 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.08 mrad or less, and 0.005 mrad or more and 0.05 mrad or less.

[0069] Next, the central average lateral wedge angle α3c in the camera region AC of the intermediate film 16 as the lateral wedge angle will be described. The central average lateral wedge angle α3c is the average lateral wedge angle in the camera region AC of the intermediate film 16. The central average lateral wedge angle α3c of the intermediate film 16 is defined by the following formula (3c), where the thickness of the intermediate film 16 at point D0 is tD0c and the thickness of the intermediate film 16 at point Dx is tDxb. Note that the central average lateral wedge angle α3c may be the average lateral wedge angle of the intermediate film 16 in the first region ARC (see FIG. 2B) where the camera region AC is located. In this case, point D0 is located on one side of the first region ARC, and point Dx is located on the other side of the first region ARC.

[0070] α3c = (tDxc - tD0c) / (d3) ···(3c)

[0071] The central average lateral wedge angle α3c in the camera region AC of the intermediate film 16 is preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less, more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.08 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.05 mrad or less. By having the central average lateral wedge angles α3a, α3b, and α3c in the camera region AC within this range, generation of lateral perspective double images in the camera region AC can be suppressed. When the central average lateral wedge angle α3c is angled, it is preferably 0.005 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.08 mrad or less, and 0.005 mrad or more and 0.05 mrad or less.

[0072] (Average Lateral Wedge Angle of HUD Region) Regarding the lateral average cross-wedge angle α4a in the HUD region AH of the vehicle glass 1 as the cross-wedge angle, the lateral average cross-wedge angle α4a is the average cross-wedge angle in the HUD region AH of the vehicle glass 1. Here, on a plane parallel to the ZX plane passing through the centroid of the HUD region AH, a point located on the side edge AHc of the HUD region AH is defined as point B0, and on a plane parallel to the ZX plane passing through the centroid of the HUD region AH, a point located on the side edge AHd (the side edge opposite to the side edge AHc) of the HUD region AH is defined as point Bx. The lateral average cross-wedge angle α4a of the HUD region AH of the vehicle glass 1 is defined by the following formula (4a), where the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at point B0 is tB0a, the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at point Bx is tBxa, and the distance along the glass between point Bx and point B0 is d4. Note that the lateral average cross-wedge angle α4a may be the average cross-wedge angle of the vehicle glass 1 in the second region ARH (see FIG. 2C) where the HUD region AH is located. In this case, point B0 is located on one side of the second region ARH, and point Bx is located on the other side of the second region ARH.

[0073] α4a=(tBxa - tB0a) / (d4) ···(4a)

[0074] The lateral average cross-wedge angle α4a in the HUD region AH of the vehicle glass 1 is preferably 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less, more preferably 0.05 mrad or more and 0.11 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0.06 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less. It is preferable that the average cross-wedge angle α2a is larger than the lateral average cross-wedge angle α4a in terms of good perspective distortion (no inflection point of the cross-wedge angle). Specifically, for the above reasons, it is preferable that the average cross-wedge angle α2a is 0.005 mrad or more larger than the lateral average cross-wedge angle α4a.

[0075] Next, the lateral average cross-wedge angle α4b in the HUD region AH of the glass substrate 10 as the lateral wedge angle will be described. The lateral average cross-wedge angle α4b is the average lateral wedge angle in the HUD region AH of the glass substrate 10. The lateral average cross-wedge angle α4b of the glass substrate 10 is defined by the following formula (4b), where the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at point B0 is tB0b and the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at point Bx is tBxb. Note that the lateral average cross-wedge angle α4b may be the average lateral wedge angle of the glass substrate 10 in the second region ARH (see FIG. 2C), which is the range where the HUD region AH is located. In this case, point B0 is located on one side of the second region ARH, and point Bx is located on the other side of the second region ARH (see FIG. 2C). Note that the thickness of the glass substrate 10 refers to the total thickness of the two glass substrates 12 and 14 (glass thickness).

[0076] α4b = (tBxb - tB0b) / (d4) ···(4b)

[0077] The lateral average cross-wedge angle α4b in the HUD region AH of the glass substrate 10 is preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.02 mrad or less, more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.015 mrad or less, and even more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.01 mrad or less. When the angle is set, the lateral average cross-wedge angle α4b is preferably 0.005 mrad or more and 0.02 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.015 mrad or less, and 0.005 mrad or more and 0.01 mrad or less.

[0078] Next, the average lateral wedge angle α4c in the HUD region AH of the interlayer 16 as the lateral wedge angle will be described. The average lateral wedge angle α4c is the average lateral wedge angle in the HUD region AH of the interlayer 16. The average lateral wedge angle α4c of the interlayer 16 is defined by the following formula (4c) where the thickness of the interlayer 16 at point B0 is tB0c and the thickness of the interlayer 16 at point Bx is tBxc. Note that the average lateral wedge angle α4c may be the average lateral wedge angle of the interlayer 16 in the second region ARH (see FIG. 2C), which is the range in which the HUD region AH is located. In this case, point B0 is located on one side of the second region ARH, and point Bx is located on the other side of the second region ARH.

[0079] α4c=(tBxc-tB0c) / (d4) ···(4c)

[0080] The average lateral wedge angle α4c in the HUD region AH of the intermediate film 16 is preferably 0.03 mrad or more and 0.09 mrad or less, more preferably 0.035 mrad or more and 0.08 mrad or less, and even more preferably 0.04 mrad or more and 0.07 mrad or less. By setting these average lateral wedge angles α4a, α4b, and α4c in this range, it is possible to suppress the generation of horizontal double images in the X direction.

[0081] (Local horizontal wedge angle of HUD area) 5A to 5C are schematic diagrams for explaining the local lateral wedge angle. As the lateral wedge angle, the local lateral wedge angle α5a in the HUD area AH of the vehicle glass 1 will be explained. The local lateral wedge angle α5a is a local lateral wedge angle in the HUD area AH of the vehicle glass 1. A certain position (any position) in the HUD area AH is designated as position B. i Position B i Each position within a range of 30 mm, 5 mm away from position B in one direction of the X direction, is called position B. i-6 , B i-5 , B i-4 , B i-3 , B i-2 , B i-1 Then, position B iAt positions each 5 mm away from the other direction in the X direction within a range of 30 mm, the positions are designated as position B i+1 , B i+2 , B i+3 , B i+4 , B i+5 , B i+6 Let them be so. Fig. 5A is a graph plotting the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at each position in the X direction. The horizontal axis of Fig. 5A indicates the coordinates in the X direction of position B i-6 from to position B i+6 on the intersection line between the plane passing through the center of gravity of the HUD region AH and parallel to the ZX plane and the outer surface of the vehicle glass 1. The vertical axis indicates the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at position B i-6 from to position B i+6 . In this case, for the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 at a total of 13 positions from position B i-6 to position B i+6 , the approximate straight line calculated by the least squares method is designated as approximate straight line La. In this case, the slope of the approximate straight line La with respect to the X direction is defined as the local cross-wedge angle α5a of the vehicle glass 1.

[0082] The local cross-wedge angle α5a in the HUD region AH of the vehicle glass 1 is preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.3 mrad or less, more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.25 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.2 mrad or less. When setting an angle, the local cross-wedge angle α5a is preferably 0.005 mrad or more and 0.3 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.25 mrad or less, and 0.005 mrad or more and 0.2 mrad or less. By setting it within the above range, it is possible to make the maximum lateral double image in the HUD region good, which is preferable. Note that by setting both the average cross-wedge angle α2a and the local cross-wedge angle α5a within the above range, even when the position of the HUD region in the vehicle glass is slightly deviated from the design value, the occurrence of double images can be suppressed, which is even more preferable. It is preferable that the local lateral wedge angle α5a is larger than the lateral average wedge angle α4a in terms of achieving good horizontal double images. Specifically, for the above reasons, it is preferable that the local lateral wedge angle α5a is larger than the lateral average wedge angle α4a by 0.005 mrad or more and 0.2 mrad or less.

[0083] The local lateral wedge angle α5b in the HUD region AH of the glass substrate 10 will be described. The local lateral wedge angle α5b is a local lateral wedge angle in the HUD region AH of the glass substrate 10. The horizontal axis in FIG. 5B is the position B on the intersection line between the plane passing through the centroid of the HUD region AH and parallel to the ZX plane and the outer surface of the vehicle glass 1 on the vehicle exterior side. i-6 from position B i+6 refers to the coordinate in the X direction of, and the vertical axis is position B i-6 from position B i+6 refers to the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at. In this case, position B i-6 from position B i+6 Regarding the thickness of the glass substrate 10 at a total of 13 positions from to, the approximate straight line calculated by the least squares method is defined as the approximate straight line Lb. In this case, the slope of the approximate straight line Lb with respect to the X direction is defined as the local lateral wedge angle α5b of the glass substrate 10. Note that the thickness of the glass substrate 10 refers to the total thickness of two sheets of the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 (glass thickness).

[0084] The local lateral wedge angle α5b in the HUD region AH of the glass substrate 10 is preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.15 mrad or less, more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less. When the local lateral wedge angle α5b is angled, it is preferably 0.005 mrad or more and 0.15 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less.

[0085] The local lateral wedge angle α5c in the HUD region AH of the intermediate film 16 will be described. The local lateral wedge angle α5c is the local lateral wedge angle in the HUD region AH of the intermediate film 16. The horizontal axis in FIG. 5C is the position B on the intersection line between the plane passing through the center of gravity of the HUD region AH and parallel to the ZX plane and the outer surface of the vehicle glass 1 in the HUD region AH i-6 from position B i+6 refers to the coordinate in the X direction, and the vertical axis is position B i-6 from position B i+6 refers to the thickness of the intermediate film 16 at position B i-6 from position B i+6 The positions between are at 5 mm intervals. In this case, position B i-6 from position B i+6 For the thickness of the intermediate film 16 at a total of 13 positions from, the approximate straight line calculated by the least squares method is defined as the approximate straight line Lc. In this case, the slope of the approximate straight line Lc with respect to the X direction is defined as the local lateral wedge angle α5c of the intermediate film 16

[0086] The local lateral wedge angle α5c in the HUD region AH of the intermediate film 16 is preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.15 mrad or less, more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less, and still more preferably 0 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less. When the local lateral wedge angle α5c is angled, it is preferably 0.005 mrad or more and 0.15 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less, 0.005 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less By having these local lateral wedge angles α5a, α5b, α5c within this range, the maximum value of the deviation of the horizontal double image where the image is double-imaged in the X direction can be suppressed

[0087] (Configuration of the camera unit) Next, the configuration of the camera unit 100 according to the present embodiment will be described

[0088] The camera unit 100 of the present embodiment includes a vehicle glass 1, a projection unit H, and a camera C. The vehicle glass 1 is as described above. The projection unit H projects an image for HUD in the HUD area AH. The camera C is attached to the vehicle glass 1 so that an external image can be captured through the camera area AC of the vehicle glass 1. The camera C is provided at a position inside the vehicle V (inside the vehicle) facing the camera area AC.

[0089] (Method for manufacturing vehicle glass) Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the vehicle glass 1 will be described. FIG. 6 is a schematic process diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing vehicle glass. A flat glass substrate 12 and a glass substrate 14 are prepared (step ST10). Then, each of the flat glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 is bent (step ST12) to have a shape that fits the front glass of the vehicle V. Then, the bent glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are joined via an intermediate film 16 formed into a wedge shape by stretching to form a laminated glass (step ST14). Regarding step ST14 in more detail, the intermediate film 16 is sandwiched between the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 to form a laminate. Then, this laminate is placed in a rubber bag and adhered in a vacuum with a pressure of 65 kPa or more and 100 kPa or less and a temperature of about 70°C or more and 110°C or less. Further, for example, a crimping process of heating and pressurizing may be performed under conditions of a pressure of 0.6 MPa or more and 1.3 MPa or less and a temperature of 100°C or more and 150°C or less. By performing the crimping process, a vehicle glass 1 with more excellent durability can be obtained. Considering the simplification of the manufacturing process and the characteristics of the materials encapsulated in the vehicle glass 1, the crimping process of heating and pressurizing may not be performed. In this way, the manufacturing of the vehicle glass 1 is completed. Note that a coating layer such as a light-shielding layer may be further formed.

[0090] As described above, the vehicle glass 1 according to the present embodiment is a vehicle glass used for a head-up display, and includes two glass substrates 12 and 14, and an intermediate film 16 sandwiched between the glass substrates 12 and 14. The average lateral wedge angle α2a, which is the average wedge angle in the lateral direction (X direction) from the center of the vehicle glass 1, is 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less. By setting the average lateral wedge angle α2a of the vehicle glass 1 according to the present embodiment within this range, the occurrence of lateral double images can be suppressed and the quality can be improved.

[0091] Further, the average lateral wedge angle α2a of the vehicle glass 1 is preferably 0.06 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less. By setting the average lateral wedge angle α2a of the vehicle glass 1 according to the present embodiment within this range, the occurrence of lateral double images can be suppressed and the quality can be further improved.

[0092] Further, the average lateral wedge angle α2a of the vehicle glass 1 is the average wedge angle over the entire area of the vehicle glass 1, and the lateral average wedge angle α4a, which is the average lateral wedge angle in the lateral direction in the lateral region (HUD region) more than 100 mm away from the center point O of the vehicle glass 1 in the X direction, is preferably 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less. By setting the lateral average wedge angle α4a of the vehicle glass 1 according to the present embodiment within this range, the occurrence of lateral double images in the HUD region AH can be suppressed and the quality can be improved.

[0093] Further, the lateral average wedge angle α4a of the vehicle glass 1 is the average wedge angle in the lateral region (HUD region), and the local lateral wedge angle α5a in the lateral region (HUD region) is preferably 0.3 mrad or less. Here, at an arbitrary position B in the lateral region i the value of the thickness, the values of the thicknesses of the respective positions within a range of 30 mm separated by 5 mm in one direction along the X direction from the position BP, and the values of the thicknesses of the vehicle glass 1 at the respective positions within a range of 30 mm separated by 5 mm in the other direction along the X direction from the position BP, the inclination of the approximate straight line La with respect to the X direction is the local lateral wedge angle α5a. By making the local lateral wedge angle α5a fall within this range, the maximum value of the shift of the lateral double image can be suppressed.

[0094] Also, the central average lateral wedge angle α3a, which is the lateral wedge angle in the central region (camera region AC) located at the center of the vehicle glass 1 in the X direction, is preferably 0.1 mrad or less. By setting the central average lateral wedge angle α3a within this range, the occurrence of lateral perspective double images in the camera region AC can be suppressed, and the quality can be improved.

[0095] Also, the average longitudinal wedge angle α1a, which is the average wedge angle in the longitudinal direction (Y direction) from the upper edge portion 1a to the lower edge portion 1b of the vehicle glass 1, is preferably 0.4 mrad or less. By setting the average longitudinal wedge angle α1a within this range, the generation of horizontal double images can be suppressed.

[0096] Also, the average longitudinal wedge angle α1a of the vehicle glass 1 is preferably 0.1 mrad or more. By setting the average longitudinal wedge angle α1a within this range, the generation of vertical double images can be suppressed.

[0097] The total average lateral wedge angle α2b of the two glass substrates 10 is preferably 0.002 mrad or less. By setting the average lateral wedge angle α2b of the vehicle glass 1 according to the present embodiment within this range, the occurrence of horizontal double images can be suppressed, and the quality can be improved.

[0098] (Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0099] Tables 1 to 4 are tables for explaining the vehicle glass of the examples.

[0100] [Table 1] [Table 2] [Table 3] [Table 4]

[0101] In this embodiment, 3D models of vehicle glass from Example 1 to Example 16 were prepared. Tables 1 to 3 show the parameters of the vehicle glass from Example 1 to Example 16, and Table 4 shows the parameters of the vehicle glass from Example 17 to Example 19. The glass manufacturing method in each table indicates the manufacturing method of the vehicle glass. In this embodiment, 3D models of each example were generated assuming that the gravity method due to its own weight or the pressing method was used. Also, in Tables 1 to 3 (Example 1 to Example 16), the average longitudinal wedge angle α1a of the vehicle glass, the average transverse wedge angle α2c of the interlayer, the average lateral transverse wedge angle α4c of the interlayer, the average transverse wedge angle α2b of the glass substrate, the average lateral transverse wedge angle α4b of the glass substrate, the average transverse wedge angle α2a of the vehicle glass, the average lateral transverse wedge angle α4a of the vehicle glass, and the average central transverse wedge angle α3a of the vehicle glass refer to the same ones as in this embodiment. In Examples 1 to 16, 3D models of vehicle glass with the wedge angles shown in each table were prepared. Also, as shown in Table 4, in Examples 17 to 19, in addition to the wedge angles defined in Examples 1 to 16, the local transverse wedge angle α5c of the interlayer, the local transverse wedge angle α5b of the glass substrate, and the local transverse wedge angle α5a of the vehicle glass were also defined. The local transverse wedge angles α5a, α5b, and α5c in Table 4 also refer to the same ones as in this embodiment. Note that in Example 17, a single-layer PVB film is used as the interlayer, in Example 18, a three-layer structure of PVB film 380μm + sound insulation film 510μm (of which the core layer is 90μm) + PVB film 380μm is used as the interlayer, and in Example 19, a two-layer structure of sound insulation film 510μm (of which the core layer is 90μm) + sound insulation film 510μm (of which the core layer is 90μm) is used as the interlayer. Note that the HUD average longitudinal double image, HUD average longitudinal double image determination, HUD average transverse double image, HUD average transverse double image determination, and camera region transverse double image in each table, and the HUD maximum transverse double image in Table 4 are parameters indicating the evaluation of each example, so they will be described later.

[0102] (Evaluation: HUD average transverse double image) For each case, the deviation amount of the average horizontal double image (HUD average horizontal double image) in the HUD region AH was simulated and calculated by ray tracing using the CAD software CATIA, and the determination was made. The deviation amount of the average horizontal double image in the HUD region AH refers to the average value of the horizontal deviation amount between one image and the other image among the double images generated in the HUD region AH. When the deviation amount of the average horizontal double image in the HUD region AH was -0.15 mm or more and 0.15 mm or less, it was indicated by a circle (〇 mark), when it was -0.10 mm or more and 0.10 mm or less, it was indicated by a double circle (◎ mark), and when it was outside the range of -0.15 mm or more and 0.15 mm or less, it was indicated by an x mark. In this evaluation, when the deviation amount of the average horizontal double image in the HUD region AH was a circle (〇 mark) or a double circle (◎ mark), it was judged as qualified. Note that the positive value in the deviation amount indicates the deviation amount to one side in the horizontal direction, and the negative value indicates the deviation amount to the other side, and the same applies hereinafter.

[0103] As shown in each table, in Examples 2 to 5, Examples 8 to 11, Example 13, and Examples 16 to 19 which are the examples, the average horizontal wedge angle α2a of the vehicle glass is 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less, the deviation amount of the horizontal perspective double image is small, and it can be seen that the generation of the horizontal double image is suppressed. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1, 6, 7, 12, 14, and 15, the average horizontal wedge angle α2a of the vehicle glass is not 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less, the deviation amount of the horizontal perspective double image is large, and it can be seen that the generation of the horizontal double image cannot be suppressed.

[0104] (Evaluation: HUD average vertical double image) As an option evaluation, the deviation amount of the average vertical double image (HUD average vertical double image) in the HUD region AH was simulated and calculated by ray tracing using the CAD software CATIA, and the determination was made. The deviation amount of the average vertical double image in the HUD region AH refers to the average value of the vertical deviation amount between one image and the other image among the double images generated in the HUD region AH. When the deviation amount of the average horizontal double image in the HUD region AH was -2.5 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less, it was indicated by a circle (〇 mark), and when it was -2 mm or more and 2 mm or less, it was indicated by a double circle (◎ mark). In this evaluation, when the deviation amount of the average horizontal double image in the HUD region AH was a circle (〇 mark) or a double circle (◎ mark), it was judged as qualified.

[0105] As shown in each table, in Examples 2 to 5, Examples 8 to 11, Example 14, Example 15, and Examples 17 to 19, the average vertical wedge angle α1a is 0.1 mrad or more and 0.4 mrad or less, the deviation amount of the vertical perspective double image is small, and the generation of the vertical double image can be more preferably suppressed, so it is preferable.

[0106] (Evaluation: Camera region horizontal double image) As an option evaluation, the deviation angle of the horizontal perspective double image (camera region horizontal double image) in the camera region AC was simulated and calculated by ray tracing using CAD software CATIA, and judged. The deviation angle of the horizontal perspective double image in the camera region AC refers to the angle by which one image and the other image of the double images generated in the HUD region AH are deviated. For the determination of the horizontal perspective double image in the camera region AC, when the deviation angle of the horizontal perspective double image is greater than 0.5 minutes and 1 minute or less, it is displayed with a black circle (〇 mark), when it is 0.5 minutes or less, it is displayed with a double circle (◎ mark), and when it is greater than 1 minute, it is displayed with a cross mark (× mark). In this evaluation, the deviation amount of the average horizontal double image in the HUD region AH with a black circle (〇 mark) or a double circle (◎ mark) was regarded as passing.

[0107] As shown in each table, in Examples 2 to 5, Examples 8 to 11, Example 13, Example 16, and Examples 17 to 19, the central average horizontal wedge angle α3a of the camera region is 0.1 mrad or less, the deviation angle of the horizontal perspective double image is small, and the generation of the horizontal double image can be more preferably suppressed, so it is preferable.

[0108] (Evaluation: HUD maximum horizontal double image) For Examples 17 to 19, as an option evaluation, the deviation amount of the maximum horizontal double image (HUD maximum horizontal double image) in the HUD region AH was simulated and calculated by ray tracing using the CAD software CATIA, and a determination was made. The deviation amount of the maximum horizontal double image in the HUD region AH refers to the maximum value of the vertical deviation amount between one image and the other image among the double images generated in the HUD region AH. When the deviation amount of the maximum horizontal double image in the HUD region AH was -1.5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less, it was displayed with a circle (〇 mark), and when it was -1.0 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, it was displayed with a double circle (◎ mark). In this evaluation, when the deviation amount of the maximum horizontal double image in the HUD region AH was a circle (〇 mark) or a double circle (◎ mark), it was considered qualified.

[0109] As shown in Table 4, by reducing the local horizontal wedge angle α5a, the maximum deviation amount of the horizontal perspective double image can be reduced, which is preferable.

[0110] (Effect) As is clear from the above results, the horizontal wedge angle of the vehicle glass 1 used for the HUD, in other words, the average horizontal wedge angle α2 of the vehicle glass and the lateral average horizontal wedge angle α4 of the HUD region AH of the vehicle glass, satisfying 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less, more preferably 0.05 mrad or more and 0.11 mrad or less, can suppress the average vertical double image and the average horizontal double image in the HUD region AH.

[0111] The longitudinal wedge angle of the vehicle glass 1, in other words, the average longitudinal wedge angle α1 of the vehicle glass, satisfying 0.4 mrad or less, can suppress the maximum value of the average vertical double image in the HUD region AH.

[0112] The longitudinal wedge angle of the vehicle glass 1, in other words, the average longitudinal wedge angle α1 of the vehicle glass, satisfying 0.1 mrad or more, can suppress the maximum value of the vertical double image in the HUD region AH.

[0113] When the lateral wedge angle of the intermediate film 16, that is, the average lateral wedge angle α2 of the intermediate film 16 and the lateral average wedge angle α4 of the HUD region AH of the intermediate film 16 satisfy 0.03 mrad or more and 0.09 mrad or less, the average vertical double image of the HUD region AH and the average lateral double image of the HUD region AH can be suppressed.

[0114] When the total average lateral wedge angle α2 of the two glass substrates 12 and 14 satisfies 0.02 mrad or less, preferably 0.01 mrad or less, the average vertical double image of the HUD region AH and the average lateral double image of the HUD region AH can be suppressed.

[0115] When the central average lateral wedge angle α3 in the camera region AC of the intermediate film 16 satisfies 0.1 mrad or less, more preferably 0.05 mrad or less, the maximum value of the lateral perspective double image in the camera region AC can be suppressed.

[0116] When the local lateral wedge angle α5 of the HUD region AH of the intermediate film 16 satisfies -0.15 mrad or more and +0.15 mrad or less with respect to the average lateral wedge angle α2 of the intermediate film 16, the maximum value of the average lateral double image in the HUD region AH can be suppressed.

[0117] When the local lateral wedge angle α5 of the HUD region AH of the two glass substrates 12 and 14 satisfies -0.15 mrad or more and +0.15 mrad or less with respect to the total average lateral wedge angle α2 of the two glass substrates 12 and 14, the maximum value of the average lateral double image in the HUD region AH can be suppressed.

[0118] When the local lateral wedge angle α5 of the HUD region AH of the vehicle glass satisfies -0.3 mrad or more and +0.3 mrad or less with respect to the average lateral wedge angle α2 of the vehicle glass, the maximum value of the average lateral double image in the HUD region AH can be suppressed.

[0119] In this way, according to the present embodiment, by setting the vertical wedge angle and the lateral wedge angle to values within an appropriate range, the occurrence of lateral double images and vertical double images can be suppressed, and the quality can be improved.

[0120] In this embodiment, since the intermediate film 16 is stretched to form a wedge shape, the manufacturing cost can be suppressed. Further, in this embodiment, it is preferable that the intermediate film 16 is composed of multiple layers. By making the intermediate film 16 into multiple layers, it is suitable as vehicle glass. Further, in this embodiment, it is preferable that the intermediate film 16 is a roll-shaped intermediate film that is stretched when pulled out from the roll and then cut for use. By using such an intermediate film 16, the intermediate film 16 can be appropriately formed into a wedge shape.

[0121] As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have been described, but the embodiments are not limited by the content of this embodiment. Further, the above-described constituent elements include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, substantially the same ones, and those within the so-called equivalent range. Furthermore, the above-described constituent elements can be appropriately combined. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, or changes of the constituent elements can be made without departing from the gist of the above-described embodiments.

[0122] In the above, the case where the intermediate film 16 is a single sheet has been described, but multiple intermediate films 16 may be stretched and laminated respectively.

[0123] The camera unit 100 has been described as including the camera C, but it is not limited thereto, and for example, it may include LiDAR or a millimeter-wave radar.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0124] 1 Vehicle glass 1a Upper edge 1b Lower edge 1c, 1d Side edges 10, 12, 14 Glass substrates 16 Intermediate film 100 Camera unit A1 Translucent region A2 Light-shielding region AC Camera region AH HUD region C Camera V Vehicle Incidentally, the entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-042425 filed on March 11, 2020 are hereby incorporated by reference and made a part of the disclosure of the specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle glass, comprising two glass substrates, and an intermediate film sandwiched between the two glass substrates, wherein an average lateral wedge angle, which is an average wedge angle in a lateral direction from the center of the vehicle glass, is 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less. The average lateral wedge angle is defined by the following formula (2a). α2a = (tAxa - tA0a) / (d2) ··· (2a) Here, α2a is the average lateral wedge angle, tA0a is the thickness of the vehicle glass at point A0, and point A0 is a point through which the center of gravity of the HUD region on which an image from the projection unit is projected passes, and a plane parallel to the thickness direction and the lateral direction of the vehicle glass passes through the center point of the vehicle glass and intersects a center line along the longitudinal direction; tAxa is the thickness of the vehicle glass at point Ax, and point Ax is an intersection point between a line located 50 mm on the center line side of the vehicle glass from the side edge portion on the HUD region side of the light-transmitting region of the vehicle glass along the side edge portion and a plane parallel to the thickness direction and the lateral direction of the vehicle glass passing through point A0; d2 is the distance along the vehicle glass between point Ax and point A0.

2. The average lateral wedge angle of the vehicle glass is 0.06 mrad or more and 0.1 mrad or less. The vehicle glass according to claim 1.

3. A lateral average wedge angle, which is an average wedge angle in a lateral direction in a lateral region of the vehicle glass, is 0.04 mrad or more and 0.12 mrad or less. The lateral region is a HUD region on which an image from the projection unit is projected, and is located at a position more than 100 mm away from the center point of the vehicle glass in the lateral direction. The vehicle glass according to claim 1 or claim 2.

4. A local lateral wedge angle in the lateral region of the vehicle glass is 0.005 mrad or more and 0.3 mrad or less. The position on the side region is position B ｉ Let it be, and for each position within a range of 30 mm, separated by 5 mm in one direction in the lateral direction from the position B ｉ Let them be positions B ｉ－６ B ｉ－５ B ｉ－４ B ｉ－３ B ｉ－２ B ｉ－１ Let them be, and for each position within a range of 30 mm, separated by 5 mm in the other direction in the lateral direction from the position B ｉ Let them be positions B ｉ＋１ B ｉ＋２ B ｉ＋３ B ｉ＋４ B ｉ＋５ B ｉ＋６ Let them be. In the case where The local lateral wedge angle refers to the inclination with respect to the lateral direction of the approximate straight line calculated by the least squares method for the thickness of the vehicle glass at a total of 13 positions from the position B ｉ－６ to the position B ｉ＋６ The vehicle glass according to claim 3.

5. The central average lateral wedge angle, which is the average lateral wedge angle in the central region located at the center of the vehicle glass, is 0.1 mrad or less. The central region is a camera region corresponding to the position where the camera is disposed, and the lateral width is 600 mm or more and 1500 mm or less. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. The average lateral wedge angle of the vehicle glass is larger than the lateral average wedge angle, which is the average lateral wedge angle in the side region of the vehicle glass. The side region is an HUD region where an image from a projection unit is projected, and is located at a position 100 mm or more away in the lateral direction from the center point of the vehicle glass. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The average lateral wedge angle of the vehicle glass is larger than the central average lateral wedge angle which is the average lateral wedge angle in the central region located at the center of the vehicle glass. The central region is a camera region corresponding to the position where the camera is disposed, and has a lateral width of 600 mm or more and 1500 mm or less. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The local lateral wedge angle of the vehicle glass is larger than the lateral average lateral wedge angle of the vehicle glass. Let the position on the lateral region be position B ｉ and, from the position B ｉ in one direction in the lateral direction, each position within a range of 30 mm separated by 5 mm is position B ｉ－６ , B ｉ－５ , B ｉ－４ , B ｉ－３ , B ｉ－２ , B ｉ－１ and, from the position B ｉ in the other direction in the lateral direction, each position within a range of 30 mm separated by 5 mm is position B ｉ＋１ , B ｉ＋２ , B ｉ＋３ , B ｉ＋４ , B ｉ＋５ , B ｉ＋６ When it is set as the local lateral wedge angle is the inclination with respect to the lateral direction of the approximate straight line calculated by the least squares method for the thickness of the vehicle glass at a total of 13 positions from the position B ｉ－６ to the position B ｉ＋６ . The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 3, 4 and 6.

9. The average longitudinal wedge angle which is the average wedge angle in the longitudinal direction from the upper edge portion to the lower edge portion of the vehicle glass is 0.4 mrad or less. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The average lateral wedge angle of the intermediate film is 0.03 mrad or more and 0.09 mrad or less. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. The total average lateral wedge angle of the two glass substrates is 0.005 mrad or more and 0.02 mrad or less. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The intermediate film is composed of a plurality of layers. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The vehicle glass is used for a head-up display. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A camera unit comprising the vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and a projection unit that projects an image onto a lateral region that is 100 mm or more away from the center of the vehicle glass in the lateral direction.

15. Comprising a camera disposed at a position overlapping a central region located at the center of the vehicle glass in the lateral direction, The camera is attached to the vehicle glass so as to be able to capture an external image through the central region, The central region is a camera region corresponding to the position where the camera is disposed, and has a lateral width of 600 mm or more and 1500 mm or less. The camera unit according to claim 14.

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