Opening building materials

Abstract

To provide a building material for an opening capable of reducing heating and cooling loads.SOLUTION: A building material for opening includes an outer partition 1, an inner partition 2, a heat storage material 3, and a shield 4. The heat storage material 3 is provided to face an intermediate layer 5 between the outer partition 1 and the inner partition 2. The shield 4 is provided on the intermediate layer 5 between the outer partition 1 and the inner partition 2. Outside air is introduced into a room through between the outer partition 1 and the shield 4 and between the shield 4 and the inner partition 2. The outside air is warmed by using heat stored in the heat storage material 3 and introduced into the room, or the outside air is cooled by using cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 and introduced into the room.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to building materials for openings to be attached to openings of buildings.

Background Art

[0002] The indoor environment of buildings has been controlled by air conditioning equipment. However, since there is a large amount of heat entering and leaving through windows and it costs a lot of electricity, an economically superior one has been demanded.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-described circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide building materials for openings that can suppress the heating and cooling load.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the building material for an opening according to the invention described in claim 1 includes an outer partition body, an inner partition body, a heat storage material, and a shielding body. , shade The shielding body is provided in an intermediate layer between the outer partition body and the inner partition body. , store The heat storage material is provided in the intermediate layer between the outer partition body and the inner partition body. Inside the room from the shielding body of The outside air is introduced into the room through between the outer partition body and the shielding body and between the shielding body and the inner partition body. During the daytime in winter, keep the shielding body open, and close the shielding body at night in winter. The outside air is heated by the heat stored in the heat storage material and introduced into the room. , and , At night in summer, keep the shielding body closed or open, and keep the shielding body closed during the daytime in summer. It is characterized in that the outside air is cooled by the cold heat stored in the heat storage material and introduced into the room.

[0005] As an example of the mode of providing the heat storage material by inserting it into the intermediate layer between the outer partition body and the inner partition body, the heat storage material can be provided in the lower region of the intermediate layer. In this case, the heat storage material may be provided in the lower region of the intermediate layer below the center in the vertical direction of the intermediate layer, may be provided at the lower part of the intermediate layer, or may be provided across the lower part and the middle part of the intermediate layer. As another example, the heat storage material can be provided below the inner partition body. As yet another example, a heat storage material can be provided on the lower surface of the intermediate layer.

Advantages of the Invention

[0006] The building material for an opening according to the invention of claim 1 includes an outer partition, an inner partition, a heat storage material, and a shielding body. , shade The shielding body is provided in the intermediate layer between the outer partition and the inner partition. , store The heat storage material is provided in the intermediate layer between the outer partition and the inner partition. Inside the room from the shielding body of The outside air is introduced into the room through between the outer partition and the shielding body and between the shielding body and the inner partition. During the daytime in winter, keep the shielding body open, and close the shielding body at night in winter. The outside air is warmed by the heat stored in the heat storage material and introduced into the room. , and , At night in summer, keep the shielding body closed or open, and keep the shielding body closed during the daytime in summer. By cooling the outside air with the cold heat stored in the heat storage material and introducing it into the room, it can be used as heating assistance or cooling assistance, so that the heating and cooling load can be suppressed.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0007]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3-1

Figure 3-2

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Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0008] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the opening building material of the present invention. This opening building material is installed in the opening 6 facing the outside of the building, and includes an outer window (outer partition) 1 provided on the outdoor side, an inner window (inner partition) 2 provided on the indoor side, and a blind (shield) 4 and a heat storage material 3 provided in the intermediate layer 5 between the outer partition 1 and the inner partition 2.

[0009] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer window 1 includes a frame 7 fixed to the opening 6, and an outer shutter 8a and an inner shutter 8b that are slidably stored in the frame 7. The frame 7 is configured by framing an upper frame 9, a lower frame 10, and left and right vertical frames 11, 11. The upper frame 9 has a ventilation path 12 that communicates from the outdoor space to the intermediate layer 5. The ventilation path 12 is provided with a ventilation port 13 facing the outside and a ventilation port 14 facing the indoor (intermediate layer) both opening downward, and is formed in a U-shaped bend. This prevents rainwater from entering from the ventilation path 12.

[0010] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the inner window 2 includes an upper frame 16, a lower frame 17, and left and right vertical frames 18, 18 attached to the inner peripheral side surfaces of the four-sided frames 15, and outer shutters 19a and inner shutters 19b that are slidably stored between the upper and lower frames 16, 17. The frames 16, 17, 18 and the frames of the shutters 19a, 19b are made of resin. The glass 20 of the shutters 19a, 19b is double-layer glass. Since there is a wooden frame 15 between the frame 7 of the outer window 1 and the frames 16, 17, 18 of the inner window 2, the outer window 1 and the inner window 2 are thermally separated. As shown in Fig. 1, a ventilation device 21 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the upper frame 16 of the inner window 2. The ventilation device 21 is composed of an upper profile 22 and a lower profile 23 made of aluminum profiles, which are combined vertically. A ventilation path 24 communicating in the indoor-outdoor direction is formed between the upper profile 22 and the lower profile 23.

[0011] As shown in Fig. 1, the blind 4 is a pleated screen that expands and contracts by folding a fabric made of polyester non-woven fabric or the like in a pleated shape. The fabric of the blind 4 uses a light-shielding material. A gap 27 is provided between the bottom bar 25 provided at the lower end of the blind 4 and the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5. As shown in Fig. 2, the side edges of the blind 4 are guided by rails 28 attached to the picture frames 15 on both sides of the inner window 2, enhancing airtightness. Therefore, the inside of the intermediate layer 5 is partitioned by the blind 4 into the outdoor side and the indoor side. The air on the outdoor side of the blind 4 approaches the outdoor air temperature, and the air on the indoor side of the blind 4 approaches the indoor air temperature, resulting in a temperature difference between the outdoor side and the indoor side of the blind 4. The blind 4 can be expanded and contracted vertically by operating an operation part (not shown) from the indoor side.

[0012] The heat storage material 3 is configured in a plate shape and is installed adjacent to the indoor side of the blind 4. The heat storage material 3 is provided in a region below the vertical center of the intermediate layer 5. By providing the heat storage material 3 in the intermediate layer 5 in this way, both the outdoor side surface and the indoor side surface of the heat storage material 3 are exposed into the intermediate layer 5. A gap 29 is provided between the lower end of the heat storage material 3 and the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5. The heat storage material 3 is formed by sandwiching a latent heat storage material (PCM) 31 such as paraffin or sodium sulfate hydrate between two transparent glass or resin panels 30, 30, and the periphery is framed with a metal or resin spacer 32 (see Fig. 4), and it has light transmittance. This heat storage material 3 uses the energy of heating and cooling for the phase change from solid to liquid and from liquid to solid, and has the characteristic that the temperature remains constant during the phase change. The melting point of the heat storage material 3 can be changed in 1°C increments.

[0013] The height at which the heat storage material 3 is provided can be appropriately set according to the environment of the place where the building material for the opening is installed. For example, it can be provided at about half or one-third of the height of the opening 6. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the heat storage material 3 is provided adjacent to the indoor side of the blind 4, but the heat storage material 3 can also be provided adjacent to the outdoor side of the inner window 2.

[0014] In addition to providing the inner window 2 using resin frames 16, 17, 18 and mullions and double glazing 20 on the indoor side, the building material for the opening allows air to flow between the indoor and outdoor through the ventilation path 12 of the outer window 1, the intermediate layer 5, and the ventilation path 24 provided above the inner window 2. At this time, the air in the intermediate layer 5 flows circuitously along the inner surface of the outer window 1 and the outer surface of the inner window 2, thereby preventing heat transfer in the direction opposite to the direction of air inflow and exhibiting excellent heat insulation performance. Furthermore, the building material for the opening is provided with a heat storage material 3 in the area below the intermediate layer 5. When the outside air passes between the outer window 1 and the heat storage material 3 and between the heat storage material 3 and the inner window 2, in winter, the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 warms the outside air and introduces it into the room, and in summer, the cold stored in the heat storage material 3 cools the outside air and introduces it into the room. Thus, it can be used as heating assistance in winter and cooling assistance in summer, thereby suppressing the heating and cooling loads.

[0015] Hereinafter, the function of the building material for the opening will be described. During the daytime in winter, as shown in FIG. 3-1(a), the blind 4 is opened (raised). As a result, the heat storage material 3 is irradiated with sunlight, and the solar heat is stored in the heat storage material 3. The cold outside air flowing in from the ventilation path 12 of the outer window 1 flows downward from the ventilation opening 14 on the indoor side of the ventilation path 12 (see Fig. 1). After that, the cold outside air flows along the inner surface of the outer window 1 to the bottom of the intermediate layer 5 due to the cold draft, and then turns back through the gaps 27 and 29 between the lower ends of the blind 4 and the heat storage material 3 and the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5. Then, the outside air is warmed by the heat of the heat storage material 3 and further warmed by the heat from the room transmitted from the glass 20 of the inner window 2, and rises along the outdoor side surface of the glass 20. During this process, the heat escaping from the glass 20 to the outside is recovered by the air flow. After that, the warmed outside air flows into the room through the ventilation path 24 at the upper part of the inner window 2. When the outside air passes through the ventilation path 24, the heat of the ventilation device 21 and the upper frame 16 warmed by the heat in the room is also recovered by the air flow. On winter nights, as shown in Fig. 3-1(b), the blind 4 is closed (lowered). This can prevent the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 during the day from escaping to the outside. Even on winter nights, the outside air flows through this opening building material in the same way as during the day, and the outside air is warmed by the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 and introduced into the room, so the room can be kept comfortable until morning without using heating. In this way, this opening building material can reduce the heat exchange through the window by recovering the heat escaping from the room to the outside by the air flow and returning it to the room. Furthermore, since the outside air is warmed by the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 and introduced into the room, it can be used as heating assistance, thereby suppressing the heating load.

[0016] On summer nights, as shown in Fig. 3-2(d), the outside air is introduced with the blind 4 closed (lowered), taking in the cool outside air at night while storing cold heat in the heat storage material 3. Note that if the blind 4 is opened (raised) at night, the cold storage in the heat storage material 3 is promoted by radiative cooling. During the daytime in summer, as shown in Fig. 3-2(c), the blind 4 is closed (lowered) to block solar radiation and prevent heat storage in the heat storage material 3. While the outside air passes between the heat storage material 3 and the inner window 2, it is cooled by the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 at night, and is further cooled by recovering the cold heat that escapes from the glass 20 of the inner window 2 to the outside while rising along the outer surface of the inner window 2, and then flows into the room through the ventilation path 24 of the inner window 2. As a result, the room can be kept comfortable without using air conditioning at least until around noon. In this way, this opening building material can be used as an air conditioning auxiliary by cooling the outside air with the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 at night and introducing it into the room in summer, thereby reducing the air conditioning load.

[0017] Figs. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the opening building material of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 4, the indoor side of the opening 6 of the opening building material of this embodiment is partitioned vertically by a blind 33, an inner window 2 is installed above the blind 33, and a heat storage material 3 is installed below the blind 33. The heat storage material 3 has its outdoor side facing the intermediate layer 5 and its indoor side facing the indoor space. The outside air that turns back at the lower part of the intermediate layer 5 passes between the blind 4 and the heat storage material 3, then between the blind 4 and the inner window 2, and flows into the room through the ventilation path 24 above the inner window 2.

[0018] Similar to the first embodiment, the opening building material of the second embodiment can reduce the heat transfer in and out of the window by recovering the heat that escapes from the room to the outside by the flow of the outside air and returning it to the room in winter. Furthermore, since the outside air is warmed by the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 and introduced into the room, it can be used as a heating auxiliary, thereby reducing the heating load. Also, in summer, it can be used as an air conditioning auxiliary by cooling the outside air with the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 at night and introducing it into the room, thereby reducing the air conditioning load. Furthermore, since the heat storage material 3 of the opening building material of the second embodiment is provided facing the indoor space, there is an effect that the indoor air can be directly warmed by the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 or directly cooled by the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3.

[0019] FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the building material for an opening of the present invention. Similar to the first embodiment, in the building material for an opening of this embodiment, an outer window 1 is provided on the outdoor side of the opening 6, and an inner window 2 is provided on the indoor side, and a blind 4 is provided in the intermediate layer 5. The heat storage material 3 is embedded in the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5.

[0020] Similar to the first embodiment, the building material for an opening of the third embodiment can reduce the heat transfer in and out of the window by recovering the heat escaping from the room to the outside in winter by the flow of the outside air and returning it to the room. Further, since the outside air is heated by the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 and introduced into the room, it can be used as auxiliary heating, thereby suppressing the heating load. Also, in summer, it can be used as auxiliary cooling by cooling the outside air with the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 at night and introducing it into the room, thereby suppressing the cooling load. Furthermore, in the building material for an opening of the third embodiment, since the heat storage material 3 is provided on the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5, the heat storage material 3 is not visible from the indoor side, and the view through the window is not obstructed by the heat storage material 3.

[0021] In addition to the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5, the heat storage material 3 can also be provided on the side surface (vertical frame 15) of the intermediate layer 5. By providing the heat storage material 3 on the side surface of the intermediate layer 5, the amount and surface area of the heat storage material 3 increase, and the heat storage performance and heat dissipation performance are enhanced, so the effect of suppressing the heating and cooling loads is improved. Specifically, for example, in the case of a window on the west side, by providing the heat storage material 3 on the right side surface as viewed from the indoor side, it will receive solar radiation for half a day in winter when the most effect is expected, and the heat storage performance can be enhanced. When the heat storage material 3 is provided on the side surface of the intermediate layer 5, it is preferably provided in a region below the center in the vertical direction of the intermediate layer 5.

[0022] When the opening building materials of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shown in Fig. 7 are applied to the window 34 of the apartment house shown in Fig. 8, the reduction in heating load compared to the case of installing a mere double window (not shown) was determined by simulation. The simulation was performed using energy simulation software (Design Builder). Table 1 shows the analysis conditions, and Table 2 shows the specifications of the latent heat storage material (PCM). Example 1 is an example of the first embodiment described above, in which the heat storage material 3 is installed in a region approximately in the lower half of the intermediate layer 5. Example 2 is an example of the second embodiment, in which the indoor side of the opening 6 is partitioned into upper and lower halves, the inner window 2 is installed in the upper half, and the heat storage material 3 is installed in the lower half. Comparative Example 1 is a double window provided with an outside air introduction path through which the outside air flows circuitously along the inner surface of the outer window 1 and the outer surface of the inner window 2, and does not have the heat storage material 3. Comparative Example 2 is a structure in which a normal double window is installed in the upper half of the opening 6, and the heat storage material 3 and the outside air introduction path are installed in the lower half.

[0023]

Table 1

[0024]

Table 2

[0025] Fig. 9 shows the results of the above simulation. As is clear from the figure, compared with the case of installing a mere double window, the heating load can be reduced by 76% in Example 1 and by 87% in Example 2. The reason why the reduction rate of the heating load is larger in Example 2 is considered to be that in addition to the introduced outside air being heated by the heat stored in the heat storage material 3, the indoor air is directly heated by the heat of the heat storage material 3.

[0026] As described above, this opening building material (first to third embodiments) includes an outer partition (outer window) 1, an inner partition (inner window) 2, a heat storage material 3, and a shielding body (blind) 4. The heat storage material 3 is provided by being inserted into an intermediate layer 5 between the outer partition 1 and the inner partition 2. The shielding body 4 is provided in the intermediate layer 5 between the outer partition 1 and the inner partition 2. Outdoor air is introduced into the room through between the outer partition 1 and the shielding body 4 and between the shielding body 4 and the inner partition 2. By warming the outdoor air with the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 and introducing it into the room, or cooling the outdoor air with the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 and introducing it into the room, it can be used as auxiliary heating or cooling, so the heating and cooling load can be suppressed. Moreover, this opening building material (first to third embodiments) can reduce the heat transfer through the window by recovering the heat escaping from the room to the outside in winter by the flow of outdoor air and returning it to the room, so the heating load can be further reduced. By having the shielding body 4 in the intermediate layer 5, it is possible to prevent the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 from escaping into the room at night in winter, or prevent the heat storage material 3 from storing heat during the day in summer. Also, in this opening building material (first to third embodiments), by arranging the heat storage material 3 by inserting it below the intermediate layer 5, it is a reasonable arrangement to move the outdoor air once from top to bottom in the intermediate layer 5 and utilize the convection to move it reversely from bottom to top. In the opening building material of the first embodiment, since the heat storage material 3 is provided in the lower region of the intermediate layer 5, the heat storage material 3 serves as a partition to help form a flow of outdoor air that flows greatly circuitously along the inner surface of the outer partition 1 and the outer surface of the inner partition 2 in the intermediate layer 5, and the effect of suppressing the heating and cooling load is surely exerted. Moreover, the installation of the heat storage material 3 is easy, and it is also possible to install the heat storage material 3 later in an existing double window. In the opening building material of the second embodiment, since the heat storage material 3 is provided below the inner partition 2, the indoor air can be directly warmed with the heat stored in the heat storage material 3, or directly cooled with the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3, so the heating and cooling load can be further reduced. In the opening building material of the third embodiment, since the heat storage material 3 is provided on the lower surface of the intermediate layer 5, the heat storage material 3 is not visible when viewed from the room, and the view of the window is not obstructed by the heat storage material 3.

[0027] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The outer partition may be any that partitions the outdoor space and the intermediate layer, and in addition to the outer window with glass, it may be a shutter, a rain shutter, a roll screen, etc. The inner partition may be any that partitions the intermediate layer and the indoor space, and in addition to the inner window with glass, it may be a curtain, a roll screen, a shoji screen, etc. The shielding body may be any that has a function of shielding solar radiation, and may be a slat-type blind, a roll screen, etc. The heat storage material may be provided so as to be in contact with the outside air flowing inside, and its position, size, quantity, and type can be changed as appropriate. The ventilation path communicating with the outdoor space and the ventilation path communicating with the indoor space may be provided anywhere.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0028] 1 Outer window (outer partition) 2 Inner window (inner partition) 3 Heat storage material 4 Blind (shielding body) 5 Intermediate layer

Claims

【Claim 1】 An opening building material comprising an outer partition body, an inner partition body, a heat storage material, and a shielding body, wherein the shielding body is provided in an intermediate layer between the outer partition body and the inner partition body, the heat storage material is provided on the indoor side of the shielding body in the intermediate layer between the outer partition body and the inner partition body, outside air is introduced into the room through between the outer partition body and the shielding body and between the shielding body and the inner partition body, the shielding body is in an open state during the daytime in winter and in a closed state during the nighttime in winter, the outside air is warmed by the heat stored in the heat storage material and introduced into the room, the shielding body is in a closed state or an open state during the nighttime in summer and in a closed state during the daytime in summer, and the outside air is cooled by the cold heat stored in the heat storage material and introduced into the room.

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