Mushroom cultivation technology using vibration

Abstract

The mushroom cultivation method comprises the following steps:　(1) a step for imparting vibration to a carrier medium that carries a mushroom mycelium; (2) a step for imparting vibration to the mycelium via this vibration; and (3) a step for growing, into a fruiting body, the mycelium that has been subjected to the vibration in step (2), wherein the vibration in step (2) has a frequency of 100-5,000 Hz and an acceleration of at least 0.02 m / s2.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a novel mushroom cultivation technique, and more particularly to a method for cultivating mushrooms using vibration. [Background technology]

[0002] In the cultivation of mushrooms such as shiitake, controlling the development of fruiting bodies (organized masses of hyphae produced by fungi to produce spores; large fruiting bodies are generally called "mushrooms") and adjusting the timing and yield are key challenges. It is known that physical manipulations such as flooding the mushroom bed or logs with water or manually hitting them to vibrate them are effective as conventional techniques for stimulating the development of fruiting bodies. There is also a demand for methods for efficiently cultivating mushrooms, and for example, there has been a report on a method for cultivating mushrooms using lightning strikes (Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] On the other hand, it has also been reported that even if logs are struck and vibrated, there is no effect on increasing the yield of fruit bodies (Non-Patent Document 2). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2018 / 230154 Brochure [Non-patent literature]

[0005] [Non-Patent Document 1] Shimizu H et al., Stimulatory growth effect of lightning strikes applied in the vicinity of shiitake mushroom bed logs, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 (2020), 1-7 [Non-patent document 2] Gensaku Ito, Experimental studies on the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms: The effect of submerged threshing of bed logs on the formation of fruit bodies, Research Report of the Hokkaido University Faculty of Agriculture Forest, 23(1), (1964), 1-20 [Non-patent document 3] Oga, Shoji, Shiitake mushroom cultivation and maturity of the sawdust bed, Kinoko no Kagaku Vol. 2 No. 1 (1995) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Against this background, the inventors set out to provide a new cultivation technique and method for mushrooms that relies on previously unknown physical manipulation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In the course of intensive research to solve the above problems, the inventors discovered that the above problems could be solved by using a certain type of physical stimulus, and as a result of further intensive research, they have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to at least the following inventions (in the methods according to the following inventions, vibrations having mutually different frequencies and / or accelerations (amplitudes) may be applied simultaneously or at different timings and times (durations, intervals, and number of treatment days):

[0008] [1] 1. A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising the steps of: (1) vibrating the support medium carrying the mycelia of the mushrooms; (2) vibrating the mycelium by the vibration; and (3) growing the mycelium vibrated in step (2) into a fruiting body; However, the vibration in step (2) has a frequency of 100Hz to 5000Hz and an acceleration of 0.02m / s 2 That's all. [2] The vibration frequency in step (2) is 500 Hz to 3000 Hz, and the acceleration is 0.43 m / s 2 The method according to [1] above. [3] The method according to [1] or [2], wherein the vibration in step (2) promotes the growth of mycelia. [4] The method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the support medium is a log or a fungal bed. [5] The method according to [4], comprising a step of placing the fungal bed on a shelf or in contact with a vibration transmission member, and applying vibration to the shelf or vibration transmission member. [6] The method according to [4], comprising the step of placing the logs on a shelf or a vibration transmission member, and applying vibration to the shelf or the vibration transmission member. [7] The method according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the mushrooms are shiitake mushrooms. [8] The method according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the vibration is applied by a vibration generator. [9] The method according to [8], wherein the vibration generating device is a vibrator including a magnetostrictive material.

[10] The method according to any one of [1] to [9], further comprising the step of vibrating the fruiting body at any time after step (3) is performed.

[11] The method according to any one of [1] to

[10] , wherein Sciarid gnat pests, Long-legged gnat pests and / or Drosophila pests, particularly Sciarid gnat, are controlled.

[12] The method according to any one of [1] to

[11] , wherein the vibration is a vibration that uniforms the emergence and growth of individual mushrooms, and the vibration can align the harvesting time of the mushrooms.

[13] A method for cultivating mushrooms by applying vibration, the method comprising the steps of: screening the frequency and / or acceleration of the vibration, and the time (duration, interval, or number of days of treatment): applying vibrations to mycelia of mushrooms planted on a solid medium and identifying mycelial growth; Comparing the identified hyphal growth with non-vibration hyphal growth; and If the comparison shows that the growth of mycelia when the vibration is applied exceeds the growth of mycelia when the vibration is not applied, the frequency and / or acceleration, or time (duration, interval, or number of treatment days) of the vibration is set to the frequency and / or acceleration, or time (duration, interval, or number of treatment days) of the vibration used in the method for cultivating mushrooms. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, a new cultivation technique for mushrooms is provided. For example, the method of the present invention has the effect of increasing the efficiency of mushroom cultivation.

[0010] Among the methods of the present invention, the method using vibrations having a specific frequency and acceleration also has the effect of being able to control sciarid fungus gnat pests such as the matsutake mushroom sciarid fungus gnat, long-legged fungus gnat pests and / or fruit flies pests.

[0011] The method of the present invention, which uses a vibrator as the device for applying vibration, is preferred, and the method of the present invention, which uses a magnetostrictive material as the vibrator, is particularly preferred. This is because the use of a magnetostrictive material makes it possible to generate a large vibration force at a frequency selected from a wide range. A magnetostrictive material is a magnetic material that changes shape when magnetized, and using a cobalt-iron alloy makes it easy to process and reduces manufacturing costs. More preferably, the invention described in Patent Document 1, in which a magnetostrictive material is bonded to a soft magnetic material or a magnetostrictive material of the opposite polarity (e.g., a nickel-based alloy instead of a cobalt-iron alloy) to amplify the magnetostrictive effect, can be used in the vibration element to efficiently generate high-torque vibration. A vibrator using magnetostrictive material is superior in durability, water resistance, and weather resistance to conventional devices using voice coils or piezoelectric materials. In the present invention, the above vibrator can be used, which generates a desired specific vibration using a household power source, by using a control device and electronic circuit to generate such vibration.

[0012] As mentioned above, it is known that the conventional practice of tapping logs in Shiitake mushroom cultivation has no effect on increasing the yield of fruit bodies (Non-Patent Document 2). In contrast, the method of the present invention makes it possible to cultivate mushrooms more efficiently by using vibrations having a specific frequency and acceleration. The cultivation of mushrooms using specific vibrations has only become possible with the present invention, and the present invention uses a method that is completely different from conventional techniques.

[0013] The method of the present invention is aimed at developing a new cultivation technique for mushrooms, especially shiitake mushrooms, but the problem with the present invention was not even recognized, and no attempt had been made to solve it, making it a groundbreaking invention. For this reason, the effects of the present invention are particularly remarkable. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1-1-1] FIG. 1 is a graph showing that the growth (average area) of Lentinula edodes mycelia in solid medium is promoted by the method of the present invention. [Figure 1-1-2] FIG. 1 shows that the growth (average area) of Lentinula edodes mycelia in solid medium was suppressed by vibration according to the method of the present invention. [Figure 1-2] FIG. 1 is a graph showing that vibration does not promote growth (average weight) of Lentinula edodes mycelia in liquid culture. [Figure 1-3] FIG. 1 is a graph showing that the method of the present invention using shorter duration vibrations promotes growth (average area) of Shiitake mushroom mycelia. [Figure 2-1-1]1 shows that the number of young fruiting bodies (average value) of Shiitake mushrooms increases by the method of the present invention. The results are from an investigation of a total of eight fungal beds, four with top surface development and four with full surface development, for each treatment. [Figure 2-1-2] FIG. 1 is a graph showing that the number (average value) of fruiting bodies of shiitake mushrooms is increased by the method of the present invention. [Figure 2-1-3] FIG. 1 is a graph showing that the weight (average value) of fruiting bodies of shiitake mushrooms is increased by the method of the present invention. [Figure 2-1-4] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the cumulative increase in the number of shiitake mushroom juvenile fruiting bodies over time according to the method of the present invention. [Figure 2-1-5] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the cumulative increase in the number of fruiting bodies of shiitake mushrooms over time according to the method of the present invention. [Figure 2-1-6] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the cumulative increase in weight of shiitake mushroom seeds over time according to the method of the present invention. [Figure 2-1-7] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in weight per fruiting body of shiitake mushrooms according to the method of the present invention. [Figure 2-2-1] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the layout of test plots for the test in Example 2-2. [Figure 2-2-2] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the cumulative number of fruiting bodies (mean value·standard deviation) per Lentinula edodes fungal bed over time obtained by the method of the present invention. [Figure 2-2-3] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the incidence of fruiting bodies of shiitake mushrooms according to the method of the present invention. [Figure 2-3-1] FIG. 1 is a photograph showing an example of a hanging type fungal bed. [Figure 2-3-2] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of increasing yield of shiitake mushrooms by the method of the present invention when a hanging-type fungal bed is used. [Figure 2-3-3] FIG. 1 shows the effect of the method of the present invention on mycophagous gnat larvae when a hanging fungal bed is used. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the test results of Example 3-2. [Figure 4-1-1]FIG. 1 shows the results of suppressing the hatching rate (average value) of Sciaridae eggs by the method of the present invention (frequency 1000 Hz, indicated as "1 kHz" in the figure). [Figure 4-1-2] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the effect of a different frequency (3000 Hz, indicated as "3 kHz" in the figure) on the hatching rate (average value) of Sciaridae eggs in the method of the present invention. [Figure 4-1-3] This figure shows the results of vibration (frequency 5000 Hz, indicated as "5 kHz" in the figure) promoting the hatching rate (average value) of Sciaridae eggs. [Figure 4-1-4] FIG. 1 shows the results of suppressing the emergence rate (average value) of Sciaridae mycobacterium bisporum by the method of the present invention. [Figure 4-1-5] FIG. 1 shows the effect of the method of the present invention on each growth stage of Sciaridae sciaridae. [Figure 4-1-6] FIG. 1 shows the mortality rate of the growth stages of Sciaridae sciaridae by the method of the present invention. [Figure 4-2-1] FIG. 1 shows the results of suppressing the emergence of Sciaridae mycobacterium bisporum by the method of the present invention (frequencies of 3000 Hz, 1000 Hz, 800 Hz and 500 Hz). [Figure 4-2-2] FIG. 1 shows the results of suppressing the emergence of Sciaridae mycobacterium bisporum by the method of the present invention (frequency 100 Hz). [Figure 4-3] FIG. 1 shows that the number of emergences (mean value / standard deviation) of Sciaridae maggots was suppressed by the method of the present invention. [Figure 5-1-1] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the test results in Example 5-1 (total number of unknown larvae of the fungus gnat species (mean value·standard error)) by generation method. [Figure 5-1-2] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the test results (total number of dead larvae of Mycobacterium longiculid gnats (mean value·standard error)) in Example 5-1. [Figure 5-1-3]FIG. 1 is a graph showing the test results in Example 5-1 (number of pupated larvae of Mycobacterium longicum (mean value·standard error)). [Figure 5-1-4] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the test results in Example 5-1 (number of emerged larvae of Mycobacterium longiculid gnats (mean value·standard error)). [Figure 5-1-5] FIG. 5 is another graph showing the test results in Example 5-1 (daily changes in the number of pupated larvae of Mycobacterium longiculid gnats (mean value·standard error)). [Figure 5-1-6] FIG. 5 is a further graph showing the test results in Example 5-1 (daily changes in the number of emerged larvae of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mean value·standard error)). [Figure 5-1-7] FIG. 1 is a graph showing the weight per fruiting body (average value) (bars) and the number of fruiting bodies formed (average value) (broken line) as test results in Example 5-1 (effect on fruiting body development in shiitake mushrooms). [Figure 5-2] FIG. 1 shows that the egg-laying rates of Sciarid gnats and Drosophila melanogaster were reduced by the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] (definition) As used herein, the term "mycelium support medium" refers to a medium into which a seed fungus (sometimes called a "seed piece" or "sawdust fungus") is planted (inoculated) when cultivating mushrooms, and which supports and grows mycelia from the seed fungus, and includes fungal beds and logs. The seed fungus is a strain consisting of a mass of cultured mycelium or spores. A fungal bed is an artificial culture medium made by mixing a wood substrate such as sawdust with a nutrient source such as rice bran. The size, composition, or shape of the fungal bed to which the method of the present invention is applied is not limited. The size of the fungal bed is, for example, about 8000 cm. 3 ~Approx. 100,000cm 3The shape is roughly rectangular or cylindrical. Mushroom cultivation methods using a fungal bed include top-side emergence, in which the bottom is submerged in water and fruiting bodies emerge only from the top, and full-side emergence, in which fruiting bodies emerge from all sides. A log is a part of a branch or trunk of a natural tree that is planted with a spawn (inoculation) and used to cultivate mushrooms. Logs into which spawn or seed pieces are planted are sometimes called "hodagi" or "hotagi." In this specification, unless otherwise specified, there is no distinction between logs and logs, and they are referred to as "logs." Therefore, the term "log" in this specification includes both logs before inoculation ("logs" in the narrow sense) and logs after inoculation. In this specification, "vibration" generally refers to anything that is propagated or transmitted through some kind of medium. Therefore, the term "vibration" in this invention includes the following: Vibrations that are applied to a jig or component and propagate within the jig or component Vibrations caused by vibrations of jigs or components being transmitted to any object in contact with them Vibrations caused by sound (sound pressure, etc.) propagating through the air is exemplified. In this specification, the expression "A promotes B" means that by applying A, the degree of B changes in a favorable direction compared to when A is not applied. In this specification, when a numerical range is indicated by "~" (wavy line) or "-" (hyphen), the numerical range includes the lower limit and upper limit values that define the range, as well as numerical values close to the lower limit and upper limit values that have the same effect as the lower limit and upper limit values. The method of the present invention is described in detail below.

[0016] As described above, the method of the present invention is a method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising the steps of: (1) vibrating the support medium carrying the mycelia of the mushrooms; (2) vibrating the mycelium by the vibration; and (3) growing the mycelium vibrated in step (2) into a fruiting body; However, the vibration in step (2) has a frequency of 100Hz to 5000Hz and an acceleration of 0.02m / s 2 That's all.

[0017] Without being bound by theory, the method of the present invention uses vibration that favorably affects the growth and elongation of mycelia, and such vibration may promote the growth of mushrooms in the method of the present invention, because it is known that the spread of mycelia, i.e., sufficient growth, directly affects the amount of fruiting bodies that will subsequently be produced (Non-Patent Document 3).

[0018] ●Process (1) Step (1) is a step of vibrating a support medium carrying mushroom mycelia. <Vibration used in the method of the present invention> In this specification, imparting vibration to the mycelium support medium may be expressed as "imparting vibration to the mycelium support medium," "applying vibration to the mycelium support medium," or "vibrating the mycelium support medium." Although there are no limitations on the method for generating vibration in step (1), it is preferable to use a vibration generator such as a vibrator, actuator, or acoustic device to generate vibration. Vibrators and actuators are preferred as vibration generators, because the vibration generated by using a vibrator or actuator can be applied to the mushroom bed or log as vibration with the desired frequency and acceleration. In the present invention, the frequency and vibration indicated for the vibration given to the support medium for mycelia are the frequency and vibration given to the mycelia and fruiting bodies of mushrooms growing in the support medium when a vibration generating device such as a vibrator or actuator is used to generate the vibration. That is, in step (1), when a vibration generating device such as a vibrator or actuator is used to generate the vibration, the vibration given to the support medium supporting the mycelia of mushrooms has a frequency of 100 Hz to 5000 Hz and an acceleration of 0.02 m / s 2The vibration may be the above. The method of the present invention is preferred in which vibration is applied to a jig and transmitted to the mycelium-supporting medium without substantial changes in the frequency and acceleration of the vibration. In such a preferred method, the vibration used in step (1) has a frequency of 100 Hz to 5000 Hz and an acceleration of 0.02 m / s 2 The frequency is 100Hz to 3000Hz, and the acceleration is 0.02m / s or more. 2 Vibrations that are equal to or greater than this are preferred.

[0019] The range of vibration frequencies in step (1) is not limited as long as it is within a preset range or an appropriately adjusted range that achieves the desired effects of the present invention. Also effective are frequencies that include all or part of the frequency bands defined as sweep and noise.

[0020] The range of acceleration of the vibration in step (1) is not limited as long as it is within a range set according to the object to which the vibration is applied. In step (1), vibrations having mutually different frequencies and / or accelerations may be applied simultaneously or at different times.

[0021] In the method of the present invention, when vibration generated by a vibration generating device such as a vibrator or an actuator is used in step (1), the frequency is 100 Hz to 950 Hz and the acceleration is 0.12 m / s 2 The above-mentioned method using vibration is preferred because it allows for more efficient cultivation of mushrooms using a fungal bed. In the method of the present invention, when vibration generated by a vibration generating device such as a vibrator or an actuator is used in step (1), ·Frequency 100Hz, acceleration 3.7~10.5m / s 2 vibration; ·Frequency 800Hz, acceleration 2.8~36.9m / s 2 vibrations that are ·Frequency 950Hz, acceleration 0.12~1.2m / s 2 vibration are each preferred.

[0022] In the method of the present invention, when vibration generated by a vibration generator such as a vibrator or an actuator is used in step (1), the frequency is 1600 Hz (350 Hz to 3320 Hz) and the root mean square acceleration is 0.0019 to 0.019 m / s 2 The method using vibration is preferred because it allows for more efficient cultivation of mushrooms using logs.

[0023] The duration of the vibration in step (1) is not limited as long as it is within a range that achieves the desired effects of the present invention, and an example of a duration of 10 seconds or less is 10 seconds or less. In step (1), the method of the present invention is preferably one that includes at least one vibration with a duration of 9 seconds or less, and is also preferably one that includes at least one vibration with a duration of 2 seconds or less. The number of times vibration is applied in step (1) is not particularly limited and may be set appropriately. The number of times vibration is applied is preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more. The number of days for which vibration is applied is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, two or more days.

[0024] When vibration is applied two or more times in step (1), the duration and interval of each vibration may be appropriately set without any limitations as long as the desired effect of the present invention is achieved. Furthermore, the duration and interval may be the same or different for each vibration. The method of the present invention preferably includes at least one vibration in step (1) at an interval of 1 second to 100 seconds, more preferably 5 seconds to 20 seconds, and even more preferably 10 seconds to 20 seconds. Among the methods of the present invention, those that include vibration in step (1) with a duration of 1 second or more and 10 seconds or less, and vibration intervals of 1 second or more and 100 seconds or less, are preferred because they can more efficiently promote the growth of mushroom fruiting bodies. The duration and interval of vibration in step (1) may be appropriately changed when applying vibration. The waveform of the vibration applied in step (1) is not limited, and may be any of a sine wave and a non-sine wave such as a rectangular wave (square wave), a triangular wave, or a sawtooth wave.

[0025] Among the vibrations used in step (1), vibrations that uniformize the growth of individual mushrooms and synchronize the harvesting time of mushrooms are preferred, because the method of the present invention using such vibrations contributes to the efficiency of harvesting work. Among the methods of the present invention, the method using vibration may be able to synchronize the timing of spore germination, the timing of mycelial growth after germination, and the timing of fruit body emergence, thereby uniforming the mycelial growth and fruit body growth from each spore, thereby potentially stabilizing the harvesting timing of mushrooms. This method is particularly preferably applied when further cultivating mushrooms from a mushroom bed or logs that have been harvested once or twice.

[0026] <Vibration screening> The method of the present invention may include a screening step of determining the range of vibration frequencies and / or the range of acceleration in the mycelium support medium. By using such a method, it becomes possible to more efficiently cultivate mushrooms by determining the range of vibration frequencies and / or the range of acceleration, or the range of time (duration, interval, or number of days of treatment) suitable for cultivation of mushrooms. That is, the present invention provides a method for screening the frequency and / or acceleration, or time (duration, interval, or number of days of treatment) of vibration applied to a method for cultivating mushrooms by applying vibration, the method comprising the following steps: applying vibrations to mycelia of mushrooms planted on a solid medium and identifying mycelial growth; Comparing the identified hyphal growth with non-vibration hyphal growth; and If the comparison shows that the growth of mycelia when the vibration is applied exceeds the growth of mycelia when the vibration is not applied, the frequency and / or acceleration of the vibration, or the time (duration, interval, or number of treatment days) is set to the frequency and / or acceleration of the vibration used in the method for cultivating mushrooms. The frequency range, acceleration range, or time range (duration, interval, or number of days of treatment) used in the above screening can be determined by identifying mushrooms, applying vibrations consisting of various combinations of frequencies and accelerations using a signal generator and a vibrator to the mycelia of the mushrooms planted on a solid medium such as an agar medium, and observing the growth of the mycelia. The above ranges serve as guidelines for frequencies, accelerations, or time (duration, interval, or number of days of treatment) that may be more preferably used in actual cultivation, and should be adjusted depending on the environment in which the method of the present invention is used.

[0027] In the search for the above range, for example, the frequency is 100Hz to 5000Hz and the acceleration is about 1m / s 2 ~about 10m / s 2 A vibration of In the step of searching for the vibration frequency range and the acceleration range, the duration of the applied vibration is not particularly limited and may be set as appropriate. An example of such a duration is 1 s to 2 s. Furthermore, in the step of searching for the vibration frequency range and the acceleration range, the interval at which the vibration is applied is not particularly limited and may be set as appropriate. An example of such an interval is 1 s to 100 s. The period for which vibration is applied is not limited either, and may be selected from a range of 5 days to 31 days, for example. The culture conditions, such as the culture temperature and day length, are not limited, and may be, for example, about 20°C and long-day conditions, respectively.

[0028] <How to apply vibration to the medium carrying mycelia> In the method of the present invention, the method of applying vibration to the support medium carrying mushroom mycelia is not limited as long as it produces the desired effects of the present invention. In addition, the support medium carrying mycelia in the method of the present invention may carry spores or fruiting bodies. Therefore, the support medium carrying mycelia in the method of the present invention includes a support medium carrying spores or fruiting bodies in addition to mycelia. In the method of the present invention, a support medium carrying spores or fruiting bodies in addition to mycelia may be the target of vibration.

[0029] The support medium carrying mycelia to which vibration is applied in the method of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "mycelia support medium") includes at least a fungal bed and a log. In the present invention, the vibration applied to the mycelium-supporting medium in step (1) is (i) direct vibration of the mycelial support medium; and / or (ii) applying vibration to a member in contact with the mycelium support medium and transmitting the vibration to the mycelium support medium; This may be done by The member that the mycelium support medium is in contact with is not limited, but examples thereof include a shelf and a vibration transmission member. The vibration transmission member is not limited, but examples thereof include a rod-shaped member such as a vibration transmission rod or wire, and a plate-shaped member such as a flat plate.

[0030] When the mycelium carrying medium is a fungal bed, (i) When vibration is applied directly to the fungal bed, the vibration may be applied from either or both of the bottom surfaces of the fungal bed and / or from any side surface. (ii) When vibrating a member in contact with the fungal bed and transmitting the vibration to the fungal bed, the vibration may be applied to the shelf on which the fungal bed is placed (sometimes called a "cultivation shelf") or the member on which the fungal bed is held. When the cultivation shelf is used, the vibration may be applied to the support of the cultivation shelf on which the fungal bed is placed, the part on which the fungal bed is placed such as the shelf board of the cultivation shelf, or the ceiling or bottom of the cultivation shelf. It is preferable to vibrate the entire cultivation shelf. In the method of the present invention, regardless of whether a cultivation shelf is used for cultivating mushrooms, vibrations may be applied to a member in contact with the fungal bed, and the vibrations may be transmitted to the fungal bed.

[0031] When the member in contact with the fungal bed is a vibration transmission member, vibration may be applied to each vibration transmission member, or vibration may be applied to a separate member that transmits vibration, and the vibration may be applied to each vibration transmission member. When separate members are used, the number of such members may be less than the number of vibration transmission members.

[0032] When the mycelium carrier medium is a log, (i') When vibration is applied directly to the log, the vibration may be applied from any part of the log. (ii') When vibrating a member that the log is in contact with and transmitting the vibration to the log, the vibration may be applied to a member such as a cultivation shelf on which the log is placed or a member that holds the log. When a cultivation shelf is used, the vibration may be applied to the support of the cultivation shelf on which the fungal bed is placed, the part on which the fungal bed is placed such as the shelf board, or the ceiling or bottom of the cultivation shelf. It is preferable to vibrate the entire cultivation shelf.

[0033] In the case of (i') above, vibration may be applied directly to all logs. In the case of (i') above, when two or more logs are in contact with each other (such as when they are laid face down), it is possible to directly vibrate some of the logs rather than all of the logs in contact, and to indirectly vibrate the other logs by transmitting the directly applied vibrations to them.

[0034] In the case of (ii') above, vibration may be applied directly to all logs. In the case of (ii') above, when two or more logs are in contact with a member, vibration may be applied directly to the member with which the logs are in contact, and the vibration applied directly to the member may be transmitted to the logs to indirectly vibrate them. Examples of such members include linear vibration transmission members such as cultivation shelves or vibration transmission rods, which are jigs for leaning logs against when raising beds.

[0035] In step (1), the timing at which vibration is started to be applied to the mycelium-supporting medium and the duration of vibration are not limited as long as the effects of the present invention are achieved. The time to start vibrating the mycelium-supporting medium is within 10 days after inoculation with the spores, but may also be within 7 days, 3 days, or 1 day after inoculation with the spores. The period during which vibration is applied to the mycelium-supporting medium is the period from the first vibration application to the last vibration application. This period may be the entire cultivation period of the mushrooms. This period may also be any of 2 months, 1 month, 3 weeks, 2 weeks, 1 week, and less than 1 week. This period may also be any of 2 days to 6 days.

[0036] Vibration generation While the method for generating vibrations in step (1) of the method of the present invention is not limited, it is preferable to generate vibrations using a vibration generator such as a vibrator, actuator, or acoustic device. Vibrators and actuators are preferred as vibration generators. This is because the vibrations generated by using a vibrator or actuator can be applied to the mushroom bed or log as vibrations with the desired frequency and acceleration. In the method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a vibrator to apply vibrations to the mushroom bed or log, and it is more preferable to use a magnetostrictive material as the vibrator. In the method of the present invention, when vibrations having the same desired frequency and acceleration can be applied to two or more mushroom beds or logs, an acoustic device such as a speaker may be used as the vibration generator.

[0037] When there is only one mushroom bed or log placing or holding member on which the mushroom bed or log is placed, one vibrator may be used, but multiple vibrators may be used depending on the magnitude of the required acceleration. In the present invention, the type of the placing or holding member is not limited, and includes at least a shelf, stand, table, and net. Furthermore, when there are multiple mushroom beds or logs, multiple vibrators may be used to vibrate each mushroom bed or log, or a smaller number or a single vibrator that can provide sufficient vibration force may be used. For example, in the case of a cultivation shelf with a width of about 1 m, one vibrator may be installed on each shelf. If the support surface is made up of multiple rod-shaped members such as pipes arranged in parallel, one vibrator may be installed on each support surface. When multiple vibrators are installed, the multiple vibrators may vibrate simultaneously or individually with different timing and / or duration. The number of vibrators installed per cultivation shelf may be increased or decreased depending on the size of the cultivation shelf (included in the member for placing the fungal bed or the log). Furthermore, multiple vibrators may be used depending on the size of the mushroom bed or logs to be vibrated or the size of the facility in which the mushroom bed is installed, or a smaller number or a single vibrator that can provide sufficient vibration force may be used. Within a mushroom cultivation facility, one or more vibrators may be installed per certain area.

[0038] There are no restrictions on the location where the vibrator is installed, and when a cultivation shelf is used as a member for placing mushroom beds or logs, it may be installed at a position including near either end of the shelf board of the cultivation shelf, or at a position including the center of the shelf board.

[0039] Vibrations may be indirectly applied to the mushroom bed or logs by applying vibrations to the shelves of the cultivation shelf or to rod-shaped members such as pipes that make up the shelves. In such cases, vibrations may be applied to vibration-transmitting rods used in mushroom cultivation.

[0040] When vibrating the rod-shaped member, the vibrator may be installed by transmitting the vibration to the cultivation shelf, the fungal bed, or the log through a member (vibration transmission member) such as a rod, wire, pipe, or band-like member, or a member connecting the fungal bed mounting members.The vibrator may also be installed using these members. The material of the vibration transmission member is not limited as long as it can sufficiently transmit and transmit vibrations from the vibrator. Examples of materials for the rod include Duracon, and for the band, polypropylene. Materials made from these materials are preferable because they are suitable for vibration transmission performance and cost.

[0041] In the present invention, when the vibrator is fastened to the mushroom bed or the log-mounting member, it is preferable to fasten the metal or resin mounting jig with a ratchet belt or a magnet, or to fasten it with screws. In order to specifically install the vibrator, it is preferable to use the mounting jig to directly contact the vibrator with a rod-like member such as a pipe that constitutes a shelf, and transmit the vibrations generated by the vibrator to the main part of the rod-like member such as a pipe.

[0042] For precise control of the vibration used in the present invention, it is preferable to use a magnetostrictive material. By using a magnetostrictive material, not only can a sufficient excitation force be applied even when the mycelium carrier medium is spread over a wide area or to buildings such as facilities, but the wider frequency control range allows for more precise frequency control, making it superior to the voice coil type electromagnetic vibrators that are currently widely used. Furthermore, while some small vibrators use piezoelectric elements, piezoelectric elements require high voltages to operate, whereas magnetostrictive materials can be operated at low voltages.

[0043] Magnetostrictive materials are materials that exhibit the phenomenon of expanding and contracting in the direction of magnetization due to changes in the magnetic field caused by coil current, etc. The amount of deformation can reach as much as 2000 ppm in the case of Terfenol D, a so-called giant magnetostrictive material, and it has a fast deformation speed of ns to μs, making it suitable for practical use as an actuator or sensor in the fields of machinery, construction, medicine, and the environment. Recently, a clad structure (Patent Document 1) has been developed in which a magnetostrictive material such as a cobalt-iron alloy or a nickel-based alloy is joined to a soft magnetic material or a magnetostrictive material of the opposite polarity to amplify the magnetostrictive effect. This structure exhibits properties equal to or better than those of giant magnetostrictive materials, and because it is highly productive, it is expected that actuators using clad structures will become more widespread, making them particularly preferable.

[0044] Furthermore, because magnetostrictive materials are more durable than piezoelectric elements, the use of magnetostrictive materials also leads to superior vibration exciter performance. Magnetostrictive vibration exciters can also be remotely controlled by wireless or powered by energy-saving solar cells. Using magnetostrictive vibration exciters makes it possible to vibrate vibration-transmitting metals, wood, trees, etc., or even to vibrate living media through these vibration-transmitting rod-shaped components. Furthermore, if a magnetostrictive vibration exciter is used, it is possible to attach a long, flexible stainless steel wire, a hard rod-shaped member made of ceramic, or the like, to the tip of which it is possible to generate vibrations that do not attenuate much, which is advantageous for generating vibrations in remote or local areas. Therefore, the method of the present invention using a magnetostrictive vibration exciter can be applied to a wide range of locations, from localized locations to large-area facilities, and there are no limitations on the locations or facilities to which it can be applied.

[0045] In the present invention, a method is preferred in which the magnetostrictive material is provided with an attachment member to a mushroom bed or log or a member for placing a mushroom bed or log, such as a cultivation shelf, and the attachment member comprises a rod-shaped member connected to the magnetostrictive material body.

[0046] ●Process (2) Step (2) is a step of applying the vibrations applied to the support medium supporting the mycelia in step (1) to the mycelia. Among the methods of the present invention, a preferred method is one in which the support medium carrying mycelia is in contact with a jig, vibration is applied to the jig, and the vibration is transmitted to the support medium without substantially changing the frequency and acceleration of the vibration. In such a preferred method, for example, the frequency used in step (1) is 100 Hz to 5000 Hz, and the acceleration is 0.12 m / s 2 The vibrations described above are transmitted to the mycelium through the carrier medium while maintaining the frequency and acceleration.

[0047] ●Process (3) Step (3) is a step of growing the mycelium that has been vibrated in step (2) into a fruiting body. In step (3), a known method for growing mycelia into fruiting bodies may be used. According to the method of the present invention, such a known method is used to grow mycelia into fruiting bodies, thereby improving the efficiency of mushroom cultivation. The enhancement of the cultivation efficiency of mushrooms by the method of the present invention can be achieved by at least one of the following actions: - Promotes mycelium growth Increases the number of fruiting bodies - Increases the weight of each fruiting body.

[0048] [Scope of application of the method of the present invention] The mushrooms to which the method of the present invention can be applied are not limited, and examples thereof include shiitake mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, Bunashimeji mushrooms, Maitake mushrooms, Enokitake mushrooms, Pleurotus eryngii, and Nameko mushrooms. The method of the present invention can be particularly suitably applied to shiitake mushrooms.

[0049] In the method of the present invention for promoting fruit body formation in mushrooms, the frequency and acceleration may be suitably modified in various combinations within the above-mentioned numerical ranges. The frequency and acceleration in the method of the present invention for promoting fruit body formation in mushrooms may be changed over time within the above-mentioned numerical ranges.

[0050] In mushroom cultivation, fungal beds or logs are repeatedly used and harvesting is carried out three to four times a year, and the method of the present invention may be applied to any of the harvesting times.

[0051] Among the methods of the present invention, a method that can simultaneously promote the development of fruit bodies of mushrooms and control fungus gnats such as Mycotic gnats, Sciarid gnats and / or Drosophila pests is preferred. Examples of the fungus gnats include the mycetoma nigroma, the mycetoma nigroma, and the mycetoma nigroma. Examples of sciarid gnats include Sciarid gnat, Sciarid gnat, and Sciarid gnat. In the method of the present invention, the frequency range is 500 to 3000 Hz and the acceleration range is 0.67 m / s 2 A method that can simultaneously control Sciarid gnats by applying vibrations of 1.5 m / s or more to the mushroom bed or logs is preferable. 2 The method of the present invention is also preferred in which vibrations of the following magnitude can be applied to the fungal bed or logs to simultaneously control Sciarid gnats.

[0052] Of the methods of the present invention that can simultaneously control fungus gnats, the method of suppressing or promoting the growth of sciarid gnats is more preferred. In the method of the present invention for suppressing the growth of Sciarid gnat pests, for example, the frequency range is about 3000 Hz and the acceleration range is about 1 m / s 2 By suppressing the growth of the pests through the vibrations described above, the density of individuals that emerge and reach the adult stage can be reduced, thereby suppressing the density of the pests' occurrence and achieving pest control. In the method of the present invention for promoting the growth of Sciarid gnat pests, for example, the frequency range is about 5000 Hz and the acceleration range is about 0.67 m / s 2 It is preferable to promote the hatching of these pests. Such vibration makes it possible to match the timing of flooding the mushroom bed and logs with the larval stage at which killing by flooding is more efficient. In this way, the method of the present invention for promoting the growth of Sciarid gnats can efficiently reduce the population density of Sciarid gnat larvae during flooding of the mushroom bed and logs, thereby suppressing the occurrence density of these pests and achieving control. Flooding of the mushroom bed and logs is a procedure in which the mushroom bed or logs (i.e., the bed logs) are immersed in water after inoculation, and is carried out for the purpose of providing moisture and a low-temperature stimulus at the same time.

[0053] Of the methods of the present invention, a method that can simultaneously control mycobacterial gnats is preferred, which includes the following steps: -Frequency range: 100~1500Hz, acceleration range: 8.7m / s 2A step of applying the above vibrations to the fungal bed to control the behavior of the larvae of the mycetoma nigricans, the mycetoma nigricans, and the mycetoma nigricans; or -Frequency range: 100~1500Hz, acceleration range: 10.2m / s 2 This is a process of applying the above vibrations to the mushroom bed to control the behavior of adult Mycobacterium bifida, Mycobacterium nigricans, and Mycobacterium rhododendron.

[0054] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the description is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. All of the following tests were carried out indoors under normal conditions for cultivating shiitake mushrooms. [Example]

[0055] [Example 1] Control of mycelial growth by vibration (1) In the laboratory, we identified vibrations that promote the growth of Shiitake mushroom mycelia. The vibrations were measured on an agar medium (malt extract and glucose agar medium) for Shiitake mushrooms (a strain derived from a surface-grown mushroom bed) at a frequency of 500 Hz and an acceleration (zero peak value) of 1.0 to 6.8 m / s. 2 The amount of mycelial growth was compared between the vibration area (measurement area: upper part of the petri dish) where vibration (duration: 2 seconds, interval: 13 seconds) was given for 11 days (temperature: 20 degrees, long day conditions) and the untreated control area (N=16). 2 The vibration group was subjected to 14 days of vibration at 3000Hz, and the vibration group was subjected to 0.43-3.8m / s 2 The vibration group was subjected to 91 days of vibration at 5000Hz, and the vibration group was subjected to 0.58-0.67m / s 2 The amount of mycelial growth was compared between the vibration area where the vibration was applied for 9 days and the untreated control area (N=16). A commercially available voice coil type vibrator was used as the vibration generator. The amount of mycelial growth was determined by analyzing the area of the concentric circles of mycelia that showed concentric growth using software. As a result, the average area of mycelial growth was larger in the vibration area at both 1000 Hz and 3000 Hz than in the control area (N=3-7) (Figure 1-1-1). On the other hand, when vibrations of 500 Hz and 5000 Hz were applied to agar medium for shiitake mushrooms, the vibration group showed smaller growth rates than the control group (N=12-14) (Figure 1-1-2). That is, mycelial growth was promoted by vibrations of 1000 Hz and 3000 Hz, while mycelial growth was inhibited by vibrations of 500 Hz and 5000 Hz. When using a liquid medium (potato glucose liquid medium), the frequency is 1000Hz and 10m / s. 2 vibration for 12 days, then 5000Hz, 10m / s 2 Even when the medium was subjected to vibration for 9 consecutive days, mycelial growth was not promoted (N = 3-6) (Figure 1-2). (2) To investigate the effect of shorter-term vibration, the following test was conducted. Shiitake mushroom (a strain derived from a full-blown outbreak) on agar medium (malt extract / dextrose agar medium) at 1000 Hz and 0.8 m / s 2 (weak acceleration) and 9.4 m / s 2 The amount of mycelial growth was compared between the vibration area (strong acceleration) (measurement area: top of the dish) (duration: 2 seconds, interval: 13 seconds) for 1 day and 5 days (temperature 20 degrees, long day conditions) and the untreated control area (N=16). As a result, the average area of mycelial growth was greater in the vibration area (5 days of vibration, weak acceleration) than in the control area (Figure 1-3). It was revealed that 5 days of vibration is more suitable than 1 day.

[0056] [Example 2-1] Promotion of fruiting body development in mushroom beds -1 In a vinyl greenhouse for cultivating Shiitake mushrooms on a fungal bed, cultivation shelves and various vibration generators were set up as the following experimental areas: 1) Control area (no vibration generator installed), 2) 100 Hz vibration area (acceleration 3.7-10.5 m / s 2 , 1 Tohoku Special Steel 100Hz optimization device), 3) 800Hz vibration zone (2.8~36.9m / s) 2 , two commercially available voice coil type vibration exciters), 950Hz vibration zone (acceleration 0.12-1.2m / s2 Four top-emerged mushroom beds and four full-emerged mushroom beds were placed on the cultivation shelves in each treatment area (two 950Hz optimization devices manufactured by Tohoku Special Steel), and the number and weight of young fruiting bodies and fully grown fruiting bodies were investigated over time. Each fungal bed was supplied fully cultured in a bag and then used for testing immediately after opening. This process eliminated the effects of vibrations and temperature changes that accompany the movement of the fungal bed on the number and weight of fruiting bodies. The mushroom beds used in the experiment were commercial ones used by many producers and were delivered in a fully ripe state. The mushroom beds for top-surface emergence cultivation were rectangular blocks weighing 2.5 kg when delivered, and were maintained with the bottom covered in a plastic bag and filled with water, allowing fruiting bodies to emerge only from the top surface. The mushroom beds for full-surface emergence cultivation were cylindrical, weighing 1.2 kg when delivered, and allowed fruiting bodies to emerge from all sides of the mushroom bed. To prevent the fungal beds from drying out, they were watered for five minutes once a day at 8:00 a.m. during the experiment. Watering was set to occur automatically every day using a timer, and in all treatment areas, water was sprayed from above the cultivation shelves. The results revealed that the number of young fruiting bodies and fruiting bodies produced was promoted in each vibration area compared to the control area. In the vibration area, fruiting bodies (young fruiting bodies) appeared within about one week of the start of the experiment, whereas in the control area they appeared after two weeks (Figure 2-1-1). In other words, vibration accelerates fruiting body production by about one week, allowing for earlier harvesting. The number of fruiting bodies produced two weeks after the start of the experiment was highest in the 100Hz vibration area, resulting in a yield approximately five times higher than in the control area. Based on the results of controlling mycelial growth and promoting fruiting body production through vibration, it was determined that the vibration frequency effective for shiitake mushroom cultivation is in the range of 100Hz to 3000Hz, with an acceleration of 0.12m / s 2 The above was shown (Figures 2-1-1 to 2-1-6).

[0057] [Example 2-2] Promotion of fruiting body development in mushroom beds -2 (1) Effect of shaking on the mushroom bed shelf on fruiting body formation Cultivation shelves with top-fed mushroom beds for Shiitake mushroom cultivation and various vibration generators were installed in the following experimental areas: 1) control area (no vibration generator installed), 2) 800 Hz vibration area (acceleration 0.3-0.8 m / s 2 ), 3) 1500Hz vibration area (acceleration 0.2~0.4 m / s 2 ) 24 to 25 top-emerged mushroom beds were placed on the cultivation shelves in each experimental area (Figure 2-2-1), and the number of fruit bodies harvested was monitored over time. After removing the bags, the first fruiting body development was carried out without vibration, and vibration was started 18 days later. The vibration was applied in a cycle of 2 seconds followed by a 13-second pause. Two vibration generators, one operating at 800 Hz and one at 1500 Hz, were manufactured by Tohoku Steel Co., Ltd. As a result, the number and rate of fruiting bodies were promoted in each vibration area compared to the control area, with the effect being particularly pronounced in the 800Hz vibration area (Figures 2-2-2 and 2-2-3). In the 800Hz vibration area, fruiting bodies were confirmed to occur in all of the fungal beds (Figure 2-2-3). There was no significant difference in weight or taste between the shiitake mushrooms harvested in the vibration-treated area and those harvested in the non-vibration area.

[0058] [Example 2-3] Promotion of fruiting body development in mushroom beds - 3 (hanging mushroom beds) In a glass greenhouse, we used a hanging type full-surface generation bed using a vibration transmission member (vibration transmission rod) (Figure 2-3-1) to investigate the effect on fruit body generation. The following experimental areas were set up: 1) control area (no vibration generator installed), 2) 100Hz vibration area (acceleration 1.1-4.5m / s 2 ), 3) 800Hz vibration area (acceleration 0.5~15.0m / s 2 Five fungal beds were hung from one vibration transmission member, and a total of 25 beds (five in each section) were placed on the cultivation shelf. The vibration lasted for 2 seconds, followed by a 13-second pause, and this cycle was repeated four times for 1 minute, with 59-minute intervals. A magnetostrictive vibration device (manufactured by Tohoku Special Steel Co., Ltd.) was used as the vibration generator. The yield for each treatment was determined by measuring the number and weight of fruiting bodies per fungal bed. As a result, the number of fruiting bodies produced in each vibration area increased and the weight was also greater than in the control area (Figure 2-3-2). The method using 100 Hz vibration has the advantage of being quiet. In the 100Hz vibration area, eggs were laid by the fungus gnats and sciarid gnats that had invaded the glass greenhouse, and the number of larvae that emerged was also reduced (Figure 2-3-3).

[0059] [Example 3-1] Promotion of fruiting body development on logs -1 Vibrations generated by a speaker were applied to a log carrying Shiitake mushroom mycelium. The dominant frequency of the vibrations on the log was 1600 Hz, ranging from 350 Hz to 3320 Hz, and the root-mean-square acceleration in this range was 0.0019 to 0.019 m / s. 2 The vibrations were applied for approximately four seconds, three times a day for seven days. After the start of the experiment, fruiting bodies with a cap diameter of more than 50 mm were harvested and the yield was investigated. As a result, it was confirmed that vibration increased the yield of shiitake fruiting bodies (increased number of fruiting bodies) by approximately 2 to 2.5 times compared to logs that were not vibrated.

[0060] [Example 3-2] Promotion of fruit body development on logs -2 Acoustic vibration experiment on logs (Nippon Institute of Technology) Vibrations from sound generated from a speaker were applied to logs carrying shiitake mushroom mycelium. The frequency was varied in 0.5 kHz steps from 0.1 to 0.5 kHz, 0.5 to 1.0 kHz, and then up to 5.0 kHz at a sound pressure of 115 dB, three times per day for one week, and the number of fruiting bodies produced at each frequency band was compared. The root-mean-square acceleration on each log was calculated from frequency analysis of the acceleration measured by attaching an accelerometer to the log. The root-mean-square acceleration range was 0.000038 to 0.0018 m / s. 2 It was. As a result, fruiting bodies were confirmed in all treatment plots, including the 4.5-5.0 kHz treatment plot. The increase was particularly notable in the 0.1-0.5 kHz, 1.0-1.5 kHz, and 1.5-2.0 kHz treatment plots (Figure 3).

[0061] [Example 4-1] Growth control of mushroom pests by vibration -1 (1) Vibration was shown to be effective in controlling the growth of Sciarid gnats (Sciarid sciaridae), which are pests of shiitake mushrooms. The hatching of eggs into larvae was observed every half day for six days in petri dishes in vibration areas with different frequencies and accelerations and in an untreated control area (temperature 20°C, long-day conditions). A commercially available voice coil type vibration exciter was used as the vibration generator. As a result, the vibration range of 1000Hz (indicated as "1kHz" in the figure) (1.5 to 9.7m / s 2 In the vibration area (2-second duration, 13-second interval), hatching tended to be about one day earlier than in the control area, but the hatching rate in the vibration area (67-75%) tended to be the same as or slightly higher than in the control area (67%) (Figure 4-1-1). Two vibration zones of 3000Hz (indicated as "3kHz" in the figure) (weak acceleration: 1.0m / s 2 , acceleration strength: 9.4m / s 2 In the strong acceleration area (2 seconds duration, 13 seconds interval), hatching occurred about one day earlier than in the control area, while in the weak acceleration area, the hatching rate (58%) tended to be lower than in the control area (90%) (Figure 4-1-2). In the 3000Hz (3kHz) vibration area, the emergence rate of Sciaridae fungus gnats was suppressed (Figure 4-1-4). The breakdown of the number of survivors and dead by growth stage (egg, young larvae, old larvae, pupae, adult) (Figure 4-1-5) and the mortality rate (Figure 4-1-6) confirmed that the mortality rate in the vibration area was higher than that in the control area at all stages, including the young and old larvae and pupae. In particular, the mortality rate in the pupae stage was about 10 times higher in the vibration area (0.4-0.5%) than in the control area (0.05%), indicating significant growth inhibition. It was thought that vibrations of 3000 Hz (labeled "3 kHz" in the figure) could control the growth of the Sciaridae fungus gnat and reduce the number of adult insects, thereby directly or indirectly controlling them and reducing damage to mushrooms. Two vibration zones of 5000Hz (indicated as "5kHz" in the figure) (weak acceleration: 0.67m / s 2 , acceleration strength: 1.5m / s 2 In the vibration area (both with a duration of 2 seconds and an interval of 13 seconds), hatching occurred about one day earlier than in the control area, and the hatching rate tended to be higher in the vibration area (71-75%) than in the control area (63%) (Figure 4-1-3). In sciarid gnats, including Sciarid gnats, accelerated egg (embryo) development is thought to have a negative impact on subsequent growth and survival, so the 1000Hz to 3000Hz vibrations used to promote shiitake mushroom cultivation according to the present invention are expected to be effective in pest control. It is thought that vibrations can be used to control the growth of sciarid gnats and reduce the number of adults, thereby directly or indirectly controlling them and reducing damage to mushrooms.

[0062] [Example 4-2] Growth control of mushroom pests by vibration - 2 Eggs were placed in the vibration area and the untreated control area of hatched larvae of the fungus fly Sciaridae, and the effect of vibration on emergence was examined every half a day to four days for 20 to 30 days after the start of the experiment. The vibration frequencies were 100Hz, 500Hz, 800Hz, 1kHz and 3kHz, and the acceleration was increased (acceleration: 10m / s 2 degree) or small (acceleration: 1m / s 2 Vibrations set to about 1000 Hz were applied from one or two commercially available voice coil type vibration exciters. As a result, vibration significantly inhibited emergence. The effect tended to be greater at higher frequencies (Figure 4-2-1), but it was also highly effective at 100 Hz (Figure 4-2-2).

[0063] [Example 4-3] Growth control of mushroom pests by vibration -3 Thirty mated females of the fungus fly, Sciaridae asiatica, were allowed to lay eggs on the fungus bed in a mesh bag placed on a shelf, and the eggs were kept there until they hatched. The cultivation shelves were vibrated by a vibration generator (one 800Hz optimization device manufactured by Tohoku Special Steel Co., Ltd.) (frequency: 800Hz, acceleration on the mushroom bed: 0.099m / s 2 The number of emergent chicks in the vibration area (indicated as "with vibration" in the figure) was counted. As a result, the cumulative number of emergences was reduced by approximately 30% compared to the untreated control area (labeled "no vibration" in the figure) (Figure 4-3).

[0064] [Example 5-1] Control of mushroom pests by vibration - 1 (field test using mushroom bed) Materials and Methods Four tarp tents, each 2.0m wide, 2.0m long and 2.0m high, were set up on one side of a greenhouse measuring 7.2m wide, 9.9m long and 3.5m high. One cultivation shelf was set up in each of the tarp tents, and one mushroom bed was placed on each shelf. Four treatment areas: control area (no vibration device installed), 100Hz vibration area (2.1-9.6m / s 2 , 1 unit of Tohoku Special Steel 100Hz optimization device), 800Hz vibration area (0.4~6.5m / s 2 , two commercially available voice coil type vibration exciters), 950Hz vibration zone (acceleration on the culture bed 0.02-0.4m / s 2 Two 950Hz optimization devices (manufactured by Tohoku Special Steel) were installed. Ten larvae of the fungus gnat species (Mycobacterium tetani, Mycobacterium fuscata, Mycobacterium rhodochroides) were placed on each fungus bed. The larvae were collected from the grower's greenhouse and then reared in the laboratory. Fifth-instar larvae with a body length of 1.0 mm or more were selected for use. -Vibrations were applied to the shelves in each treatment area (3 to 4 mushroom beds for top-emergent cultivation (4 in each vibration area, 3 in the control area), and 3 to 4 mushroom beds for full-surface emergence cultivation) for a duration of 2 seconds and an interval of 13 seconds. The larvae undergo pupation (becoming pupae) and adulthood (becoming adults) before becoming reproductive adults. In this study, the effects of the following items on the larvae and pupae were investigated. Survey items (1) Death, (2) Unknown (leaving the fungal bed), (3) Growth rate (time to pupation and emergence)

[0065] [result] The number of unknown larvae whose presence could not be confirmed (Figure 5-1-1) and the number of larvae that died on the mushroom bed increased (Figure 5-1-2), while the number of pupation (Figure 5-1-3) and the number of adult emergence decreased (Figure 5-1-4), and pupation and adult emergence were delayed (Figures 5-1-5, 5-1-6). Furthermore, the main causes of failure to emerge and death were pupation failure, where the formation of a pupa fails, and post-pupal development failure, where development after pupation is insufficient and the larvae die during the pupal period, while emergence failure, where pupation occurs normally but adult emergence itself fails, was relatively rare. These results indicate that vibration can be used to control mushroom pests belonging to the fungus gnat genus (Fujikuroi, Fukuroi, and Ryukotsu) by influencing pupation. The 950Hz vibration area was the most effective, reducing the total number of emerged larvae by 40% compared to the control area. Of these three pests, the control effect against the mycobacterium spp. was most pronounced. In the early stages after the start of the experiment, a control effect was observed in both top- and full-surface-emerged fungal beds, and in the later stages, a particularly high control effect was maintained in full-surface-emerged fungal beds due to the suppression of the number of pupations and adult emergence. Furthermore, vibration increased the number of fruiting bodies formed, with the increase being particularly notable in the 100Hz vibration group. However, no change was observed in the weight of each fruiting body (Figure 5-1-7). These results indicate that the method of the present invention may be useful for controlling the two-legged mushroom gnat, the long-legged mushroom gnat, and the long-legged mushroom gnat in the early stages of cultivation when they occur on the top surface, and throughout the entire cultivation period when they occur on the entire surface.

[0066] [Example 5-2] Control of mushroom pests by vibration - 2 (field test using logs) In a field where Shiitake mushroom logs are grown, the beams supporting the metal poles on which the logs are leaning on the upper and lower tiers were vibrated using a vibration generator (one 800Hz optimization device manufactured by Tohoku Special Steel Co., Ltd.) to examine the effects on egg-laying by Sciarid gnats and Drosophila melanogaster. The frequency was 800Hz, and the vibration lasted for 2 seconds, followed by a 13-second pause, repeated four times for 1 minute, at 29-minute intervals. The acceleration of the logs on the upper tier was 0.8-2.9 m / s. 2 , the bottom row is 0.04~0.29m / s 2 Small containers containing moistened pieces of Shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies on which the pests could lay eggs were fixed to metal posts for eight days, then collected, and the adult pests obtained were observed for the presence or absence of eggs in each container. The egg-laying rates were compared between the vibration area where the above vibrations were applied and the adjacent control area where no vibrations were applied. As a result, the egg-laying rates of sciarid gnats and fruit flies were reduced by the method of the present invention (Figure 5-2). The effect on fruit flies was particularly large. These results demonstrate that vibration can be used to control sciarid gnats and fruit flies, which are mushroom pests, by affecting egg-laying. Furthermore, no effect of vibration on the number of fruiting bodies was observed. [Industrial Applicability]

[0067] The present invention provides a new technique and method for cultivating mushrooms. Therefore, the present invention, as an environmentally friendly mushroom cultivation technique, will greatly contribute to the development of the mushroom production industry and related industries.

Claims

1. 1. A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising the steps of: (1) applying vibration to the support medium carrying the mushroom mycelia to promote the growth of the mycelia; (2) vibrating the mycelia to promote growth of the mycelia; and (3) A step of growing the mycelium vibrated in step (2) into a fruiting body; However, the vibration in step (2) has a frequency of 100 Hz to 5000 Hz and an acceleration of 0.02 m / s ２ That's it; Furthermore, this method also controls Sciarid gnat pests, Mycobacterium nigricans pests and / or Drosophila pests.

2. The vibration frequency in step (2) is 500 Hz to 3000 Hz, and the acceleration is 0.43 m / s ２ The method according to claim 1 .

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vibration in step (2) promotes mycelial growth.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the support medium is a log or a fungal bed.

5. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising the step of: placing the fungus bed on a shelf or in contact with a vibration transmission member; and applying vibration to the shelf or the vibration transmission member.

6. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising the step of: placing the logs on a shelf or on a vibration transmission member; and applying vibration to the shelf or the vibration transmission member.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mushroom is shiitake mushroom.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the vibration is provided by a vibration generator.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the vibration generator is a vibration exciter comprising a magnetostrictive material.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising the step of vibrating the fruiting body at any time after step (3) is performed.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the vibration is a vibration that uniforms the emergence and growth of each individual mushroom, and the vibration makes it possible to uniform the harvesting time of the mushrooms.

12. A method for cultivating mushrooms by applying vibration, the method comprising the steps of: determining by screening the frequency and / or acceleration, and time (duration, interval, or number of days of treatment) of the vibration; and cultivating mushrooms by applying the screened frequency and / or acceleration, and time (duration, interval, or number of days of treatment): applying vibration to the mycelia of mushrooms planted on a solid medium and identifying the growth of the mycelia; Comparing the identified hyphal growth with hyphal growth without vibration; and a step of adjusting the frequency and / or acceleration, and time (duration, interval, or number of days of treatment) of the vibration to the frequency and / or acceleration, or time (duration, interval, or number of days of treatment) of the vibration used in the method for cultivating mushrooms, when the comparison shows that the growth of the mycelia when the vibration is applied exceeds the growth of the mycelia when the vibration is not applied; However, the method for cultivating mushrooms includes the following steps: (1) applying vibration to the support medium carrying the mushroom mycelia to promote the growth of the mycelia; (2) vibrating the mycelia to promote growth of the mycelia; and (3) A step of growing the mycelium vibrated in step (2) into a fruiting body; However, the vibration in step (2) has a frequency of 100 Hz to 5000 Hz and an acceleration of 0.02 m / s 2 or more.

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