Laminated glass

Abstract

The present invention suppresses the occurrence of a damage to a light control element.　Laminated glass 10 comprises: a pair of glass plates 11, 12; and a light control element 15 which is provided between the pair of glass plates 11, 12 and which includes a liquid crystal layer 153, a substrate 151, an electroconductive film 152 formed on one surface 151S1 of the substrate 151, and a protective film 154 formed on the other surface 151S2 of the substrate 151. The liquid crystal layer has at least one selected from the group consisting of a guest host liquid crystal, TN liquid crystal, PC liquid crystal, STN liquid crystal, ECB liquid crystal, OCB liquid crystal, IPS liquid crystal, and VA liquid crystal. The protective film 154 has a higher wear resistance than the substrate 151.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to laminated glass. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, a laminated glass in which a light control element is encapsulated in an intermediate layer is known, as shown in Patent Document 1. In such a light control element, a conductive film for passing electricity to the functional layer is formed on the substrate.

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-141891 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Such a light control element may be damaged on its outer surface during assembly of the laminated glass, resulting in a defective appearance. Therefore, there is a need to prevent the light control element from being damaged.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has an object to provide laminated glass that can prevent scratches on a light control element. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the laminated glass according to the present disclosure comprises a pair of glass plates and a light control element provided between the pair of glass plates, the light control element having a liquid crystal layer, a substrate, a conductive film formed on one surface of the substrate, and a protective film formed on the other surface of the substrate, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises at least one liquid crystal selected from the group consisting of guest-host liquid crystal, TN liquid crystal, PC liquid crystal, STN liquid crystal, ECB liquid crystal, OCB liquid crystal, IPS liquid crystal, and VA liquid crystal, and the protective film has higher abrasion resistance than the substrate. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the light control element from being damaged. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the laminated glass according to this embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the laminated glass according to this embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated glass according to another example of this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and when there are multiple embodiments, the present invention also includes configurations that are made by combining the respective embodiments. Furthermore, numerical values ​​include the range of rounding.

[0010] (Laminated glass) FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laminated glass according to this embodiment. The laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a laminated glass for a vehicle. The laminated glass 10 can be used, for example, in vehicle roofs, rear windows, rear side windows, rear quarter windows, extra windows, and front windows. An extra window is a window glass attached to the rear side of a vehicle to improve the rearward visibility of the driver. The vehicle here is typically an automobile, but refers to any moving body having window glass, including trains, ships, aircraft, and the like. However, the use of the laminated glass 10 is not limited to vehicles.

[0011] Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a laminated glass 10 installed in a vehicle, as viewed from outside the vehicle interior. While Fig. 1 shows the laminated glass 10 as being flat, the laminated glass 10 is not limited to this and may have a shape curved in both the longitudinal and lateral directions. Furthermore, the laminated glass 10 may have a shape curved only in the longitudinal direction, or a shape curved only in the lateral direction.

[0012] In addition, although the planar shape of the laminated glass 10 is shown as rectangular in FIG. 1 , the planar shape of the laminated glass 10 is not limited to rectangular and may be any shape, including trapezoidal and triangular. Here, the planar shape refers to the shape of a predetermined area of ​​the laminated glass 10 viewed from the normal direction of the surface of the laminated glass 10 facing the interior of the vehicle. Furthermore, hereinafter, a planar view refers to a predetermined area of ​​the laminated glass 10 viewed in direction Z shown in FIG. 2 (i.e., from the normal direction of the surface of the laminated glass 10 facing the interior of the vehicle). Note that direction Z can also be referred to as the glass sheet 12 side relative to the glass sheet 11, or, if the laminated glass 10 is curved, as the convex side relative to the concave side.

[0013] Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated glass according to this embodiment. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 2, a laminated glass 10 includes glass plates 11 and 12, an intermediate layer 13, a shielding layer 14, and a light-control element 15. If the direction from the inside to the outside of the vehicle is designated as direction Z, the laminated glass 10 is stacked in the following order in direction Z: the shielding layer 14, the glass plate 11, the intermediate layer 13 and the light-control element 15, the shielding layer 14, and the glass plate 12. Direction Z can also be considered the stacking direction. The shielding layer 14 is provided as needed.

[0014] The total thickness T0 of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 2.8 mm or more and 10 mm or less. If the total thickness T0 of the laminated glass 10 is 2.8 mm or more, sufficient rigidity can be ensured. Furthermore, if the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 10 mm or less, sufficient transmittance can be obtained and haze can be reduced. Note that the total thickness here and the thickness described below refer to the length in the Z direction.

[0015] The misalignment between the glass plates 11 and 12 on at least one side of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 1.5 mm or less, and more preferably 1 mm or less. Here, the misalignment between the glass plates 11 and 12 refers to the amount of misalignment between an end (periphery) 11T of the glass plate 11 and an end (periphery) 12T of the glass plate 12 in a plan view. If the misalignment between the glass plates 11 and 12 on at least one side of the laminated glass 10 is 1.5 mm or less, it is preferable in terms of not impairing the appearance, and if the misalignment is 1.0 mm or less, it is even more preferable in terms of not impairing the appearance.

[0016] (glass plate) The glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 are a pair of glass plates facing each other. The intermediate layer 13 and the light control element 15 are located between the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12. The glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 are fixed together with the intermediate layer 13 and the light control element 15 sandwiched between them.

[0017] The glass sheet 11 is an interior glass sheet that faces the interior side of the vehicle when the laminated glass 10 is installed in the vehicle. The glass sheet 12 is an exterior glass sheet that faces the exterior side of the vehicle when the laminated glass 10 is installed in the vehicle. The glass sheets 11 and 12 may have a predetermined curvature.

[0018] The glass plates 11 and 12 may be inorganic glass or organic glass. Examples of inorganic glass that can be used include, without particular limitation, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass. The glass plate 12 located on the vehicle exterior side of the laminated glass 10 is preferably inorganic glass from the viewpoint of scratch resistance, and soda-lime glass from the viewpoint of formability. When the glass plates 11 and 12 are soda-lime glass, clear glass, green glass and UV-cut green glass containing a predetermined amount or more of iron, and privacy glass are preferably used.

[0019] The inorganic glass may be either untempered glass or tempered glass. Untempered glass is produced by forming molten glass into a plate shape and slowly cooling it. Tempered glass is produced by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass.

[0020] The tempered glass may be either physically tempered glass such as air-cooled tempered glass or chemically tempered glass. In the case of physically tempered glass, the glass surface can be tempered by generating a compressive stress layer on the glass surface due to the temperature difference between the glass surface and the interior of the glass by an operation other than gradual cooling, such as rapidly cooling a glass sheet uniformly heated during bending from a temperature near its softening point.

[0021] In the case of chemically strengthened glass, for example, after bending, the glass surface can be strengthened by generating compressive stress on the glass surface by an ion exchange method, etc. Glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared rays may also be used. Furthermore, transparent glass is preferable, but a glass plate that is colored to the extent that transparency is not impaired may also be used.

[0022] On the other hand, examples of materials for organic glass include transparent resins such as polycarbonate, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene.

[0023] The shape of the glass plates 11 and 12 is not particularly limited to a rectangular shape, and they may be processed into various shapes and curvatures. Gravity forming, press forming, roller forming, etc. are used to bend the glass plates 11 and 12. The forming method of the glass plates 11 and 12 is also not particularly limited, but for example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass plates formed by a float method or the like are preferred.

[0024] The thickness T1 of the glass plate 12 is not particularly limited, but is generally in the range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, and can be appropriately selected depending on the type and location of the vehicle to which the laminated glass 10 is applied. A thickness T1 of the glass plate 12 of 0.3 mm or more is preferable because it maintains appropriate impact resistance and provides sufficient strength for resistance to stone chips, etc. A thickness of 0.5 mm or more is more preferable, 0.7 mm or more is even more preferable, 1.1 mm or more is particularly preferable, and 1.6 mm or more is most preferable.

[0025] The thickness T1 of the glass sheet 12 is preferably 3 mm or less, since this prevents the mass of the laminated glass 10 from becoming too large and is therefore preferable in terms of vehicle fuel efficiency, more preferably 2.6 mm or less, even more preferably 2.2 mm or less, and particularly preferably 2.1 mm or less. Note that the thickness T1 here is preferably the thickness of the thinnest part of the glass sheet 12.

[0026] The glass plate 12 preferably has sufficient impact resistance for use in a vehicle. The impact resistance here can be evaluated using the impact resistance test in UN R43. The impact resistance test is a test to determine whether or not a safety glass, such as laminated glass for automobiles, has the necessary adhesiveness or strength to withstand the impact of a small, hard flying object. Specifically, the test is performed by maintaining the laminated glass (safety glass) at a predetermined temperature, placing it on a support frame with the glass side facing outward, and then dropping a steel ball from a predetermined height onto it.

[0027] The same can be said about the thickness T2 of the glass plate 11 as about the thickness T1 of the glass plate 12. Note that the glass plate 12 may have a different composition and / or a different thickness from the glass plate 11. For example, the glass plate 11 may be thinner than the glass plate 12.

[0028] When the thickness T2 of the glass plate 11 is 1 mm or less, the glass plate 11 is preferably made of chemically strengthened glass from the viewpoint of strength.

[0029] At least one of the glass plates 11 and 12 may be provided on the surface opposite the intermediate layer 13 with a coating that is water-repellent, UV- or IR-blocking, a coating that has low reflectivity, low radiation, or antifouling properties, or a coating that has anti-condensation properties. Furthermore, at least one of the glass plates 11 and 12 may be provided on the side that contacts the intermediate layer 13 with a coating that blocks UV or IR, has low radiation properties, absorbs visible light, or is colored. Furthermore, a low-radiation coating may be formed on the surface of the glass plate 11 facing the interior of the vehicle.

[0030] That is, at least one of the glass plates 11 and 12 may have one or more of a water-repellent layer, an ultraviolet blocking layer, an infrared reflecting layer, a low reflectance layer, a low emissivity layer, a condensation prevention layer, a visible light absorbing layer, and a colored layer. Note that these layers may be included in at least one of the glass plates 11 and 12, the intermediate layer 13, and the substrate 151 (described later) of the light control device 15.

[0031] The glass sheets 11 and 12 may be flat or curved. When the glass sheets 11 and 12 are curved inorganic glass, the glass sheets 11 and 12 are bent after being formed by the float process and before being bonded with the interlayer 13. The bending is performed by heating the glass to soften it. The heating temperature of the glass during bending is approximately 550°C or higher and 700°C or lower.

[0032] (middle class) The intermediate layer 13 is a film that bonds the glass plate 11 and the glass plate 12 together. The intermediate layer 13 includes, for example, an intermediate layer 131 that bonds to the glass plate 11, an intermediate layer 132 that bonds to the glass plate 12, and a frame-shaped intermediate layer 133 that is located between the intermediate layer 131 and the intermediate layer 132 and surrounds the outer periphery of the light control element 15. However, the intermediate layer 13 does not necessarily have to include the intermediate layer 133. Even if the intermediate layer 13 does not include the intermediate layer 133, the outer periphery of the light control element 15 is surrounded by at least one of the intermediate layer 131 and the intermediate layer 132 during pressure bonding in the manufacturing process of the laminated glass 10.

[0033] In this embodiment, the intermediate layers 13 are each separate, that is, the intermediate layers 131, 132, and 133, which are joined together during the production of the laminated glass 10. However, this is not limited to this, and the intermediate layers 13 may be integral, for example, when a highly fluid material is poured between the glass plates 11 and 12 to form the intermediate layers 13.

[0034] Thermoplastic resins are often used for the intermediate layer 13, including thermoplastic resins that have traditionally been used for this type of application, such as plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, and ionomer resins. Resin compositions containing modified hydrogenated block copolymers, as described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221, can also be suitably used.

[0035] Among these, plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins are preferably used as the material for the intermediate layer 13 because they offer an excellent balance of properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The term "plasticized" in the plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means that the resin has been plasticized by adding a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticized resins.

[0036] However, when the light control element 15 is encapsulated in the intermediate layer 13, the encapsulated material may be deteriorated by a specific plasticizer, and in such a case, it is preferable to use a resin that does not substantially contain the plasticizer. That is, it may be preferable that the intermediate layer 13 does not contain a plasticizer. Examples of resins that do not contain a plasticizer include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins.

[0037] Examples of the polyvinyl acetal resin include polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "PVA" as needed) with formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetal resin in the narrow sense obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, and polyvinyl butyral resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "PVB" as needed) obtained by reacting PVA with n-butylaldehyde. PVB is particularly preferred because of its excellent balance of properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. These polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0038] The intermediate layer 13 may be a curable transparent resin also known as Optical Clear Resin (OCR) or a transparent adhesive sheet also known as Optical Clear Adhesive (OCA). The use of a curable transparent resin or a transparent adhesive sheet makes it possible to prepare a laminate at room temperature, which is more desirable. Examples of curable transparent resins and transparent adhesive sheets include acrylic resins, silicone resins, urethane acrylate resins, and epoxy resins. These curable transparent resins or transparent adhesive sheets may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0039] The intermediate layer 13 has a shear modulus of 1.0×10 at 25°C. 3 Pa or more, 100.0×10 6 Pa or less, and 1.0 × 10 3 Pa or higher, 2.0×10 6 It is preferable that the shear modulus at 25°C is 0.01 Pa or less. If the shear modulus at 25°C is within the above range, it is possible to prepare a laminate at room temperature, which is desirable because it facilitates the production of laminated glass. Note that the shear modulus in this specification can be measured by subjecting a specimen to a dynamic viscoelasticity test using a shear method, for example, an MCR301 manufactured by Anton Paar, under a frequency condition of 1 Hz.

[0040] In addition, when the intermediate layer 13 is made of a material that is used after hardening, such as OCR, the shear modulus at 25°C after hardening is 1.0 × 10 3 Pa or higher, 2.0×10 6 It is preferable that the shear modulus is equal to or less than Pa. When the intermediate layer 13 is formed of a plurality of materials, it is preferable that the material exhibiting the largest shear modulus of elasticity satisfies the above relationship.

[0041] However, the material forming the intermediate layer 13 is not limited to thermoplastic resin, and may contain functional particles such as infrared absorbers, ultraviolet absorbers, and luminescent agents, and may have a colored portion called a shade band.

[0042] The thickness of the intermediate layer 13 at its thinnest part is preferably 0.3 mm or more. When the thickness of the thinnest part of the intermediate layer 13 is 0.3 mm or more, the impact resistance required for the laminated glass 10 is sufficient. The thickness of the intermediate layer 13 at its thickest part is preferably 3 mm or less. When the maximum thickness of the intermediate layer 13 is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass 10 does not become too large. The maximum thickness of the intermediate layer 13 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.

[0043] The thickness of the intermediate layer 13 refers to the thickness of the intermediate layer 13 only, excluding the thickness of the photochromic element 15. Therefore, the thickness of the intermediate layer 13 refers to the length obtained by subtracting the thickness T4 of the photochromic element 15 from the thickness T3 from the surface of the intermediate layer 131 facing the glass plate 11 to the surface of the intermediate layer 132 facing the glass plate 12.

[0044] Furthermore, the thickest part of the intermediate layer 13 refers to, for example, a part that does not sandwich the dimming element 15 (a part that does not overlap with the dimming element 15 in a planar view), and therefore the thickness of the thickest part of the intermediate layer 13 is the thickness T3 because the dimming element 15 is not present. On the other hand, the thinnest part of the intermediate layer 13 refers to, for example, a part that sandwiches the dimming element 15 (a part that overlaps with the dimming element 15 in a planar view), and therefore the thickness of the thinnest part of the intermediate layer 13 is the value obtained by subtracting the thickness T4 of the dimming element 15 from the thickness T3.

[0045] The intermediate layer 13 may have four or more layers. For example, by forming the intermediate layer 13 from four or more layers and adjusting the shear modulus of any layer other than the layers on both sides to be smaller than the shear modulus of the layers on both sides by adjusting the plasticizer or the like, the sound insulation of the laminated glass 10 can be improved. In this case, the shear modulus of the layers on both sides may be the same or different.

[0046] Furthermore, it is desirable that the intermediate layers 131, 132, and 133 included in the intermediate layer 13 are all formed of the same material, but some or all of the intermediate layers 131, 132, and 133 may be formed of different materials.

[0047] For example, the shear modulus of the intermediate layer 133 may be smaller than that of the intermediate layers 131 and 132. When the shear modulus of the intermediate layer 133 is smaller than that of the intermediate layers 131 and 132, the sound insulation of the laminated glass 10 can be improved.

[0048] The sound insulation of the laminated glass 10 can be improved even if the shear modulus of the intermediate layer 131 is smaller than that of the intermediate layers 132 and 133. The sound insulation of the laminated glass 10 can be improved even if the shear modulus of the intermediate layer 132 is smaller than that of the intermediate layers 131 and 133. However, from the viewpoint of adhesion to the glass sheets 11 and 12, or functional materials to be incorporated into the laminated glass 10, it is desirable to use the above resin materials for 50% or more of the film thickness of the intermediate layer 13.

[0049] To produce the interlayer 13, for example, the resin material for the interlayer is appropriately selected and extruded in a heated, molten state using an extruder. The extrusion conditions, such as the extrusion speed, of the extruder are set to be uniform. The extruded resin film is then stretched as necessary to impart curvature to the upper and lower edges according to the design of the laminated glass 10, thereby completing the interlayer 13.

[0050] (shielding layer) The shielding layer 14 is an opaque layer and can be provided, for example, in the form of a strip along the peripheral edge of the laminated glass 10. The shielding layer 14 is, for example, an opaque (e.g., black) colored ceramic layer. The shielding layer 14 may be a colored interlayer or colored film with light-blocking properties, or a combination of a colored interlayer and a colored ceramic layer. The colored film may be integrated with an infrared reflective film or the like. The colored interlayer or colored film may be colored entirely in the thickness direction, or only on the surface.

[0051] The presence of the opaque shielding layer 14 in the laminated glass 10 can suppress ultraviolet degradation of resins such as urethane that hold the peripheral edge of the laminated glass 10 to the vehicle body. In addition, the electrodes and electrode lead wires electrically connected to the light control element 15 can be concealed so as to be difficult to see from at least one of the exterior and interior sides of the vehicle.

[0052] The shielding layer 14 can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste containing a fusible glass frit containing a black pigment onto a glass plate by screen printing or the like, and then firing the paste, but is not limited to this. The shielding layer 14 may also be formed, for example, by applying an organic ink containing a black or dark color pigment onto a glass plate by screen printing or the like, and then drying the ink.

[0053] 2, the shielding layer 14 is provided on the peripheral edge of the interior surface of the glass plate 11 and the peripheral edge of the interior surface of the glass plate 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the shielding layer 14 may be provided on at least one of the peripheral edge of the interior surface of the glass plate 11 and the peripheral edge of the interior surface of the glass plate 12. In general, glass plates located on the exterior side of the vehicle are more susceptible to scratches than glass plates located on the interior side of the vehicle, and therefore the shielding layer 14 is often not provided on the exterior surface of the glass plate 12.

[0054] (light control element) The light control element 15 is an element that can switch the light transmittance of the laminated glass 10. The light control element 15 may be disposed over almost the entire laminated glass 10 or over only a portion of the laminated glass 10, as necessary. The planar shape of the light control element 15 is, for example, a rectangle that is smaller than the planar shape of the laminated glass 10. However, the planar shape of the light control element 15 does not have to be rectangular. In the example of FIG. 1, the peripheral edge of the light control element 15 is positioned so as to overlap with the shielding layer 14 in a planar view.

[0055] 2, the light control element 15 includes a protective film 154A as a first protective film, a substrate 151A as a first substrate, a conductive film 152A as a first conductive film, a liquid crystal layer 153, a conductive film 152B as a second conductive film, a substrate 151B as a second substrate, and a protective film 154B as a second protective film, and is sealed in the intermediate layer 13. That is, the light control element 15 is surrounded by the intermediate layer 13. The light control element 15 is stacked in the Z direction in the following order: the protective film 154A, the substrate 151A, the conductive film 152A, the liquid crystal layer 153, the conductive film 152B, the substrate 151B, and the protective film 154B.

[0056] Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the substrate 151A and the substrate 151B, they will be referred to as substrate 151, when there is no need to distinguish between the conductive film 152A and the conductive film 152B, they will be referred to as conductive film 152, and when there is no need to distinguish between the protective film 154A and the protective film 154B, they will be referred to as protective film 154.

[0057] The light control element 15 is, for example, in the form of a film. The thickness T4 of the light control element 15 is, for example, 0.05 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less, and preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less.

[0058] (base material) The base materials 151A and 151B are a pair of substrates that support the conductive films 152A and 152B and sandwich the liquid crystal layer 153. The base material 151A is located closer to the glass plate 11 (toward the vehicle interior) than the liquid crystal layer 153, and the base material 151B is located closer to the glass plate 12 (toward the vehicle exterior) than the liquid crystal layer 153.

[0059] The substrate 151 is preferably made of a material having a higher tensile modulus at 25°C than the intermediate layer 13, and from the viewpoint of impact resistance, the tensile modulus at 25°C is preferably 1000 MPa or more. In this embodiment, the substrate 151 has a higher tensile modulus at 25°C than the intermediate layer 13, and therefore has higher impact resistance than the intermediate layer 13. Note that in this embodiment, at least one of the substrates 151A and 151B may be made of a material having a higher tensile modulus at 25°C than the intermediate layer 13. The tensile modulus can be measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device (for example, ITK DVA-225 manufactured by IT Measurement & Control Co., Ltd.).

[0060] When the tensile modulus of elasticity of substrate 151 at 25°C is Es and the tensile modulus of elasticity of intermediate layer 13 at 25°C is Ei, it is preferable that 3<(Es / Ei) / 1000<1400, more preferably 10<(Es / Ei) / 1000<800, and even more preferably 20<(Es / Ei) / 1000<400. By setting Es / Ei within this numerical range, the impact resistance of substrate 151 can be appropriately improved.

[0061] Furthermore, when the intermediate layer 13 is made of OCR, OCR has a low elastic modulus and is easily deformed, so that the tensile modulus E at 25°C cannot be measured directly. Therefore, the value of E converted from the value of the correlation equation G = E / 2(1 + ν) with the shear modulus G at 25°C using Poisson's ratio ν is used as the tensile modulus at 25°C.

[0062] Furthermore, the in-plane retardation of the substrate 151 with respect to light having a wavelength of 590 nm is preferably 0 nm or more and 300 nm or less, more preferably 0 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and even more preferably 0 nm or more and 50 nm or less. When the in-plane retardation is within this range, light control can be performed appropriately. The in-plane retardation can be measured with a retardation measurement device (for example, an online retardation meter KOBRA-WI manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.).

[0063] A transparent resin layer is preferable for the substrate 151. The substrate 151 preferably contains one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide, polyether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyimide, aramid, polybutylene terephthalate, triacetyl cellulose, polyurethane, and cycloolefin polymer.

[0064] Although the base material 151A and the base material 151B are made of the same materials as those listed above, they are not limited to these and may be made of different materials.

[0065] The thickness T5 of the substrate 151 is, for example, 5 μm to 500 μm, preferably 10 μm to 200 μm, and more preferably 50 μm to 150 μm. A thickness T5 of 5 μm effectively prevents a decrease in the impact resistance of the laminated glass 10, and a thickness T5 of 500 μm or less prevents the thickness of the laminated glass 10 from becoming too large.

[0066] Although the base material 151A and the base material 151B have the same thickness T5, the thicknesses may be different.

[0067] Furthermore, the thickness T5 of the base material 151 is preferably 2.5% to 50% of the thickness T3, more preferably 3% to 40%, and even more preferably 4% to 18%. When the thickness T5 is 2.5% or more of the thickness T3, the impact resistance can be appropriately improved, and when it is 50% or less, the thickness of the intermediate layer 13 can be prevented from becoming too small relatively.

[0068] 2, the peripheral edge 151T of the base material 151 is at the same position in the radial direction (Z direction) as the peripheral edge 153T of the liquid crystal layer 153, but is not limited thereto, and may extend further outward in the radial direction than the peripheral edge 153T of the liquid crystal layer 153. Note that the peripheral edge 153T of the liquid crystal layer 153 is the outer end (outer peripheral surface) in the radial direction of the sealing material 153B that surrounds the outer periphery of the light control section 153A, which will be described later.

[0069] (Conductive film) The conductive film 152A is formed on the surface 151S1 of the base material 151A facing the liquid crystal layer 153, and is in contact with the surface of the liquid crystal layer 153 facing the glass plate 11. The conductive film 152B is formed on the surface 151S1 of the base material 151B facing the liquid crystal layer 153, and is in contact with the surface of the liquid crystal layer 153 facing the glass plate 12. In other words, the conductive films 152A and 152B are a pair of conductive films sandwiching the liquid crystal layer 153 therebetween.

[0070] For example, a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) can be used as the conductive film 152. Examples of TCO include, but are not limited to, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and indium-doped cadmium oxide.

[0071] Transparent conductive polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or poly(4,4-dioctylcyclopentadithiophene) can also be suitably used as the conductive film 152. Furthermore, a laminated film of a metal layer and a dielectric layer, silver nanowires, a metal mesh of silver or copper, or the like can also be suitably used as the conductive film 152.

[0072] The conductive film 152 can be formed by using a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method such as a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, an ion plating method, etc. The conductive film 152 may also be formed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method or a wet coating method.

[0073] In this embodiment, the conductive film 152 is formed over the entire surface of the base material 151, but this is not limiting and the conductive film 152 may be formed only on a partial region of the base material 151. In addition, the conductive film 152 is formed directly on the base material 151, but this is not limiting and another layer may be formed between the base material 151 and the conductive film 152.

[0074] (liquid crystal layer) The liquid crystal layer 153, which serves as a dimming layer, is located between a substrate 151A on which a conductive film 152A is formed and a substrate 151B on which a conductive film 152B is formed. The liquid crystal layer 153 includes a dimming section 153A that performs dimming and a sealant 153B that seals the outside of the dimming section 153A. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 153 is a guest-host liquid crystal layer. In the guest-host liquid crystal layer 153, for example, a liquid crystal composition in which a dichroic dye serving as a guest is dissolved in a nematic liquid crystal serving as a host is contained in the dimming section 153A. The dichroic dye has a single light absorption axis and absorbs only light vibrating in the direction of the light absorption axis. Therefore, the orientation of the dichroic dye changes in accordance with the movement of the liquid crystal due to an electric field, thereby controlling the direction of the light absorption axis and changing the light transmission state, thereby enabling dimming.

[0075] However, the light control element 15 is not limited to having a guest-host liquid crystal layer 153. For example, the light control element 15 may have, as the light control layer, one or more elements selected from the group consisting of a suspended particle device (SPD), a guest-host liquid crystal, a photochromic element, an electrochromic element, an electrokinetic element, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal, a polymer network liquid crystal, an organic electroluminescence (EL) element, and an inorganic EL element. For example, if the light control layer does not contain liquid crystal or the like and the sealant 153B is not required, the sealant 153B may not be provided. In this case, the outer edge of the light control portion 153A becomes the periphery of the light control layer.

[0076] In other words, the dimming element 15 may have a substrate 151A on which a conductive film 152A is formed, a substrate 151B on which a conductive film 152B is formed, and a dimming layer consisting of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of a suspended particle device, a guest-host liquid crystal, a photochromic element, an electrochromic element, and an electrokinetic element, which are arranged opposite each other.

[0077] A typical SPD film can be used as a suspended particle device. This film is constructed by sandwiching a polymer layer containing suspended particles that can be oriented by applying a voltage between two substrates coated with a conductive film on the inside. When the power switch is turned on and a voltage is applied between the transparent conductive films, the suspended particles in the polymer layer become oriented, resulting in a high visible light transmittance and high transparency. When the power switch is turned off, the suspended particles in the polymer layer do not align, resulting in a low visible light transmittance and low transparency.

[0078] As the SPD film, for example, a commercially available product such as LCF-1103DHA (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used. Note that such commercially available products are supplied in a predetermined size, and therefore can be cut to the desired size before use. Note that the thickness of the SPD film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less from the viewpoints of ease of handling and availability.

[0079] The light control unit 153A may be, for example, a guest-host liquid crystal, a TN (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal, a PC (Phase Change) type liquid crystal, an STN (Super Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal, an ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) type liquid crystal, an OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) type liquid crystal, an IPS (In- Plane At least one selected from the group consisting of (vertical alignment) type liquid crystal, VA (vertical alignment) type liquid crystal, FFS (fringe field switching) type liquid crystal, FPA (field-induced photoreactive alignment) type liquid crystal, electrochromic element, electrokinetic element, organic EL (electroluminescence) element, and inorganic EL element may be used. Among the above, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of guest-host liquid crystal, TN type liquid crystal, PC type liquid crystal, STN type liquid crystal, ECB type liquid crystal, OCB type liquid crystal, IPS type liquid crystal, and VA type liquid crystal.

[0080] (protective film) The protective film 154 is formed on a surface 151S2 of the substrate 151 opposite to the surface 151S1 on which the conductive film 152 is formed. In other words, the conductive film 152 is formed on the surface 151S1 of the substrate 151 facing the liquid crystal layer 153, and the protective film 154 is formed on the surface 151S2 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 153. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the substrate 151A has the conductive film 152A formed on the surface 151S1 and the protective film 154A formed on the surface 151S2. The substrate 151B has the conductive film 152B formed on the surface 151S1 and the protective film 154B formed on the surface 151S2.

[0081] The protective film 154 is a hard coat having higher abrasion resistance than the substrate 151. For example, the change in haze of the protective film 154 after 100 cycles in the abrasion resistance test specified in JIS R3212 is preferably smaller than the change in haze of the substrate 151 after 100 cycles in the abrasion resistance test specified in JIS R3212. The abrasion resistance test specified in JIS R3212 may be performed, for example, using the substrate 151 with the protective film 154 and the substrate 151 without the protective film 154 as test specimens. Furthermore, the change in haze of the protective film 154 after 100 cycles in the abrasion resistance test specified in JIS R3212 is preferably 0% to 20%, more preferably 0% to 15%, and even more preferably 0% to 10%. When the abrasion resistance of the protective film 154 is within this range, scratches on the light control element 15 can be appropriately prevented. For example, by using a cured film containing 30% by mass or more of a compound having two or more functional groups as the protective film 154, the abrasion resistance of the protective film 154 can be appropriately set within the above range. The ratio of the abrasion resistance of the protective film 154 to the abrasion resistance of the substrate 151 is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and even more preferably 30% or less. Here, the ratio of the abrasion resistance of the protective film 154 to the abrasion resistance of the substrate 151 refers to, for example, the amount of change in haze of the protective film 154 after 100 cycles in an abrasion resistance test according to JIS R3212 relative to the amount of change in haze of the substrate 151 after 100 cycles in an abrasion resistance test according to JIS R3212. When the abrasion resistance ratio falls within this range, the substrate 151 provides flexibility to prevent deformation of the photochromic element 15, while the protective film 154 can prevent scratches on the photochromic element 15.

[0082] The protective film 154 preferably has a transmittance of 60% to 100% for light with a wavelength of 550 nm, more preferably 70% to 100%, and even more preferably 80% to 100%. A transmittance within this range allows for appropriate transmission of visible light, allowing the light control element to exhibit its desired effect. This transmittance is determined from the difference in transmittance before and after the formation of the protective film 154.

[0083] The thickness T6 of the protective film 154 is preferably 0.1 μm to 20 μm, more preferably 0.2 μm to 15 μm, and even more preferably 0.3 μm to 10 μm. When the thickness of the protective film 154 is within this range, the overall thickness of the light control element 15 can be reduced while appropriately preventing the protective film 154 from scratching the light control element 15. The protective film 154 is also preferably thinner than the substrate 151. The thickness T6 of the protective film 154 is preferably 0.1% to 50% of the thickness T5 of the substrate 151, more preferably 0.1% to 20%, and even more preferably 0.1% to 15%. When the thickness ratio of the protective film 154 to the substrate 151 is within this range, the substrate 151 provides impact resistance and prevents deformation of the light control element 15, while preventing the protective film 154 from scratching the light control element 15.

[0084] Although the protective film 154A and the protective film 154B have the same thickness T6, the thicknesses may be different.

[0085] The protective film 154 preferably contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of a cured product (transparent coating film) of a polymerizable curable compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups in its molecule and a cured product (transparent coating film) of a silicon-based alkoxide compound. The polymerizable curable compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups in its molecule is applied to the substrate 151, for example, and then cured by heat or active energy rays such as ultraviolet light to form a cured product. The silicon-based alkoxide compound is applied to the substrate 151, for example, and then cured by heat to form a cured product. The protective films 154A and 154B are made of the same materials as those listed above, but are not limited thereto, and may be made of different materials. The content of the cured material in the protective film 154 is preferably 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and more preferably 70% by mass or more and 98% by mass or less. If it is within the above range, higher abrasion resistance can be achieved.

[0086] The polymerizable curable compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups in the molecule, which is used as the protective film 154, will be described in more detail below. A polymerizable curable compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups in the molecule can also be called a polyfunctional compound in an active energy ray-curable composition. The polymerizable curable compound here, i.e., the polyfunctional compound in an active energy ray-curable composition, has two or more active energy ray-curable polymerizable functional groups. The active energy ray-curable polymerizable functional group in this polyfunctional compound is preferably an α,β-unsaturated group such as an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a vinyl group, or an allyl group, or a group containing such an unsaturated group, with an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group being more preferred. That is, the polyfunctional compound is preferably a compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups of one or more types selected from acryloyl groups and methacryloyl groups. Among these, an acryloyl group is more preferred because it is more easily polymerized by ultraviolet light. The polyfunctional compound may be a compound having two or more types of polymerizable functional groups in one molecule, or may be a compound having two or more of the same polymerizable functional groups in one molecule. The number of polymerizable functional groups in one molecule of the polyfunctional compound is two or more, and there is no particular upper limit. Usually, 2 to 50 polymerizable functional groups are suitable, and 2 to 30 polymerizable functional groups are particularly preferred.

[0087] A preferred compound as a polyfunctional compound is a compound having two or more (meth)acryloyl groups. Among them, a compound having two or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups, i.e., a polyester of a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups such as a polyhydric alcohol and (meth)acrylic acid, is preferred. Examples of such polyesters include dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol (tri / tetra)acrylate, and trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0088] The active energy ray-curable composition may contain two or more types of polyfunctional compounds as the polyfunctional compound. Furthermore, a monofunctional compound having one polymerizable functional group that can be polymerized by active energy rays may be contained together with the polyfunctional compound. As this monofunctional compound, a compound having a (meth)acryloyl group is preferred, and a compound having an acryloyl group is particularly preferred.

[0089] The polyfunctional compound may be a compound having various functional groups or bonds in addition to the polymerizable functional group. For example, it may have a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, a urethane bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, a thioether bond, an amide bond, etc. In particular, a (meth)acryloyl group-containing compound having a urethane bond (so-called acrylic urethane) and a (meth)acrylic acid ester compound having no urethane bond are preferred.

[0090] As the polyfunctional compound, in the case of acrylic urethane, Acrylic urethane, which is a reaction product of pentaerythritol or its polymer polypentaerythritol with polyisocyanate and hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, or Acrylic urethanes, which are reaction products of hydroxyl group-containing poly(meth)acrylates of pentaerythritol or polypentaerythritol with polyisocyanates, and which are trifunctional or more (preferably 4 to 20 functional) compounds. is preferred. As the polyfunctional compound having no urethane bond, pentaerythritol-based poly(meth)acrylate and isocyanurate-based poly(meth)acrylate are preferred. Pentaerythritol-based poly(meth)acrylate refers to a polyester (preferably 4 to 20 functional ones) of pentaerythritol or polypentaerythritol with (meth)acrylic acid. The isocyanurate-based poly(meth)acrylate refers to a polyester (di- or trifunctional) of (meth)acrylic acid and a tris(hydroxyalkyl)isocyanurate or an adduct obtained by adding 1 to 6 moles of caprolactone or alkylene oxide to 1 mole of the isocyanurate. It is also preferable to use these preferred polyfunctional compounds in combination with other di- or higher-functional compounds (especially poly(meth)acrylates of polyhydric alcohols).

[0091] The active energy ray-curable composition may contain colloidal silica having an average particle size of 200 nm or less in an amount effective for increasing the surface hardness of the exposed layer. The average particle size of the colloidal silica is preferably 1 to 100 nm, and particularly preferably 1 to 50 nm. Furthermore, it is preferable that the colloidal silica be surface-modified colloidal silica as described below, in terms of improving the dispersion stability of the colloidal silica and the adhesion between the colloidal silica and the polyfunctional compound. The average particle size can be calculated as the average value of the individual particle sizes observed under an electron microscope.

[0092] The photopolymerization initiator used in the active energy ray-curable composition may be a known or well-known one. Commercially available, readily available initiators are particularly preferred. Examples of photopolymerization initiators include aryl ketone-based photopolymerization initiators (e.g., acetophenones, benzophenones, alkylaminobenzophenones, benzils, benzoins, benzoin ethers, benzyl dimethyl ketals, benzoyl benzoates, α-acyloxime esters, etc.), sulfur-containing photopolymerization initiators (e.g., sulfides, thioxanthones, etc.), acylphosphine-based polymerization initiators, and other photopolymerization initiators. Two or more photopolymerization initiators can be used in combination. Furthermore, the photopolymerization initiator can also be used in combination with a photosensitizer such as an amine.

[0093] The amount of the photopolymerization initiator in the active energy ray-curable composition is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the curable components (total of polyfunctional compounds and monofunctional compounds).

[0094] The active energy ray-curable composition may contain a solvent and various compounding agents in addition to the above-mentioned basic components. The solvent is preferably an essential component, and a solvent is used, for example, when the polyfunctional compound is not a particularly low-viscosity liquid.

[0095] As the active energy ray for curing the composition as described above, ultraviolet rays are particularly preferred. However, the active energy ray is not limited to ultraviolet rays, and electron beams and other active energy rays can also be used. As the ultraviolet light source, a xenon lamp, a pulse xenon lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a carbon arc lamp, a tungsten lamp, etc. can be used.

[0096] The silicon-based alkoxide compound used as the protective film 154 preferably contains a cured organopolysiloxane as the main component, but the polyorganosiloxane that forms this cured product can be any curable polyorganosiloxane without any particular restrictions. Organopolysiloxanes are composed of silicon-containing bond units called M units, D units, T units, and Q units. Of these, curable organopolysiloxanes are oligomeric polymers composed mainly of T units or Q units, and include polymers composed only of T units, polymers composed only of Q units, and polymers composed of T units and Q units. These polymers may also contain small amounts of M units or D units. In the curable organopolysiloxane, the T unit is a unit having one silicon atom, one hydrogen atom or monovalent organic group bonded to the silicon atom, and three oxygen atoms (or functional groups capable of bonding to other silicon atoms) bonded to other silicon atoms. The M unit is a unit having one silicon atom, three hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups bonded to the silicon atom, and one oxygen atom (or functional group capable of bonding to other silicon atoms) bonded to other silicon atoms. The D unit is a unit having one silicon atom, two hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups bonded to the silicon atom, and two oxygen atoms (or functional groups capable of bonding to other silicon atoms) bonded to other silicon atoms. The Q unit is a unit having one silicon atom, and four oxygen atoms (or functional groups capable of bonding to other silicon atoms) bonded to other silicon atoms. Among these curable organopolysiloxanes, those having T units as the main silicon-containing bond units are preferred. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, curable organopolysiloxanes will be simply referred to as organopolysiloxanes. Hereinafter, organopolysiloxanes having T units as the main structural unit (hereinafter referred to as "organopolysiloxane (T)" as necessary) refer to organopolysiloxanes in which the ratio of the number of T units to the total number of M units, D units, T units, and Q units is 50 to 100%. In this embodiment, more preferably, an organopolysiloxane in which the ratio of the number of T units is 70 to 100% is used, and particularly preferably, an organopolysiloxane in which the ratio of the number of T units is 90 to 100% is used. Furthermore, as units contained in small amounts other than T units, D units and Q units are preferred, and Q units are particularly preferred. That is, in this embodiment, among these curable organopolysiloxanes, organopolysiloxanes composed only of T units and Q units, with the ratio of the numbers of T:Q being 90-100:10-0, are particularly preferably used. The organopolysiloxane (T) used in this embodiment is obtained by partial hydrolysis and condensation of the T monomer or the like. Typically, this reaction is carried out by heating the T monomer or the like with water in a solvent. It is preferable to have a catalyst present in the reaction system. The target organopolysiloxane can be produced by adjusting reaction conditions such as the type of monomer, the amount of water, the heating temperature, the type and amount of catalyst, and the reaction time. In some cases, a commercially available organopolysiloxane can be used as is as the target organopolysiloxane, or a commercially available organopolysiloxane can be used to produce the target organopolysiloxane.

[0097] For example, when the material of intermediate layer 13 is curable transparent resin (OCR), it is preferable that the material of base material 151 is polycarbonate and the material of protective film 154 is a cured product of a polymerizable curable compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups in the molecule, and it is more preferable that protective film 154 contains a compound containing a hydrolyzable silyl group. This allows intermediate layer 13 to impart flexibility and suppress deformation of light control element 15, particularly in guest-host type light control element 15, while base material 151 and protective film 154 can provide good compatibility with intermediate layer 13 and appropriate impact resistance and scratch resistance.

[0098] The protective film 154 can be formed by applying a polymerizable curable compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups such as acryloyl groups in the molecule to the base material and curing it with heat or active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays.

[0099] As described above, the protective film 154 is formed on the surface 151S2 of the substrate 151 opposite to the liquid crystal layer 153, and can also be said to be formed on the outermost surface of the light control element 15 in the Z direction. However, the protective film 154 may also be formed on the surface 151S2 of the substrate 151 facing the liquid crystal layer 153, more specifically, between the substrate 151 and the conductive film 152. Although the protective film 154 is formed over the entire surface of the substrate 151, this is not a limitation and the protective film 154 may be formed only on a partial region of the substrate 151. Furthermore, although the protective film 154 is formed directly on the substrate 151 in this embodiment, this is not a limitation and another layer may be formed between the substrate 151 and the protective film 154.

[0100] (ultraviolet absorbing layer) The light control element 15 configured as described above preferably includes an ultraviolet absorbing layer that absorbs ultraviolet rays. By including the ultraviolet absorbing layer, the light control element 15 can suppress transmission of ultraviolet rays to the inside of the vehicle. Because the liquid crystal layer 153 is deteriorated by ultraviolet rays, the ultraviolet absorbing layer is preferably formed on the outside of the liquid crystal layer 153.

[0101] As shown in FIG. 2 , ultraviolet light entering the laminated glass 10 from the outside of the vehicle exterior glass sheet 12 is referred to as ultraviolet light UVa, and ultraviolet light traveling through the laminated glass 10 and entering the liquid crystal layer 153 is referred to as ultraviolet light UVb. The intensity of ultraviolet light UVb relative to the intensity of ultraviolet light UVa is referred to as the ultraviolet transmittance of the laminated glass 10 (exterior side). The ultraviolet light UVb can be considered as ultraviolet light UVa that has passed through the portion of the laminated glass 10 closer to the vehicle exterior than the liquid crystal layer 153, and the ultraviolet transmittance can be considered as the transmittance of ultraviolet light through the portion of the laminated glass 10 closer to the vehicle exterior than the liquid crystal layer 153. The ultraviolet transmittance can be calculated in accordance with ISO 9050:2003. The ultraviolet transmittance of the laminated glass 10 at a wavelength of 380 nm, as defined above, is preferably 0% to 20% inclusive, more preferably 0% to 15% inclusive, and even more preferably 0% to 10% inclusive. To protect the liquid crystal layer 153, it is also important to cut off wavelengths of 400 nm in addition to 380 nm. Therefore, the transmittance of ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 400 nm through the laminated glass 10 is preferably 0% to 20%, more preferably 0% to 15%, and even more preferably 0% to 10%.

[0102] In this embodiment, it is preferable that the protective film 154 has an ultraviolet absorbing function. The protective film 154 functions as an ultraviolet absorbing layer by including an ultraviolet absorber in the base material. The base material here refers to the material of the protective film 154 described above, and any known ultraviolet absorber can be used, and multiple ultraviolet absorbers can also be used in combination.For example, examples of ultraviolet absorbers include 2-hydroxy-4-(2-methacryloyloxyethoxy)benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-(4-methacryloyloxybutoxy)benzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-(2-methacryloyloxyethoxy)benzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxy-4'-(2-methacryloyloxyethoxy)benzophenone, 2,2',4-trihydroxy-4'-(2-methacryloyloxyethoxy)benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-(3-methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-(3-methacryloyloxy-1-hydroxypropoxy)benzophenone, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methacryloyloxy)benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-(3-methacryloyloxy-1-hydroxypropoxy)benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-5-methacryloyloxy-5-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy ... 2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methacryloyloxymethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-[2-hydroxy-5-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole, 2-[2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)phenyl]-5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole, 2-[2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(8-methacryloyloxyoctyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole, 2-[4-(4,6-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-phenoxy]-propionic acid 6-methyl-heptyl ester, 2-[4-(4,6-bis-{2-hydroxy-4-[1-(6-methyl-heptyloxycarbonyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-phenoxy]-propionic acid 6-methyl-heptyl ester, reaction products of 2-(4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-hydroxyphenyl with oxirane, 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl]-6-(2,4-dibutoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, reaction products of 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine with (2-ethylhexyl)-glycidic acid ester, and 4,6-dibenzoylresorcinol. Examples of the benzodithiol compounds include 2-(4,7-dihydroxy-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanitrile, 2-cyano-2-(4,7-dihydroxy-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)-2-ethylhexyl ester acetic acid, 2-(4,7-dihydroxy-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)propanedinitrile, 1,2-dibutyl-4-(4,7-dihydroxy-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)-3,5-pyrazolidinedione, 4-(4,7-dihydroxy-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)-3-(1,1-dimethyl ester)-5(4H)-isoxazolone, 4-(4,7-dihydroxy-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)-1,2-diphenyl ether ... Phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione, 2-(4,7-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzodithiyl-2-ylidene)propanedinitrile, 2,2'-(4,8-dihydroxybenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis[1,3]dithiol-2,6-diylidene)bis[4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanenitrile], 2,2'-(4,8-dihydroxybenzo[1, 2-d:4,5-d']bis[1,3]dithiol-2,6-diylidene)bis[2-cyano-1,1'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)esteracetic acid], 4,4'-(4,8-dihydroxybenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis[1,3]dithiol-2,6-diylidene)bis[2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one], etc. In this case, both protective films 154A and 154B may be ultraviolet absorbing layers, or protective film 154A on the vehicle interior side may not be an ultraviolet absorbing layer, and only protective film 154B on the vehicle exterior side may be an ultraviolet absorbing layer.

[0103] The ultraviolet absorbing layer is not limited to being realized by the protective film 154. For example, an ultraviolet absorbing layer may be formed separately from the protective film 154. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated glass according to another example of this embodiment. FIG. 3 shows an example in which the ultraviolet absorbing layer is formed separately. As shown in FIG. 3, even when the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155 is formed separately, the protective film 154 is preferably formed on the outermost surface of the light control element 15 in the Z direction. Therefore, the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155 is formed between the protective film 154 and the liquid crystal layer 153 in the Z direction. In the example of FIG. 3, the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155 is formed between the base material 151 and the protective film 154. However, this is not a limitation. For example, the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155 may be formed between the base material 151 and the conductive film 152. In the example of FIG. 3, the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155A is formed between the base material 151A and the protective film 154A, and the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155B is formed between the base material 151B and the protective film 154B. However, the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155A may not be formed on the inside of the vehicle, and only the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155B may be formed on the outside of the vehicle. The material of the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155 may be any material, and may be one containing an ultraviolet absorber in the base material, as in the case where the protective film 154 is the ultraviolet absorbing layer, for example.

[0104] The ultraviolet absorbing layer may also be realized by the base material 151 or the intermediate layer 13. In this case, the base material 151 or the intermediate layer 13 functions as an ultraviolet absorbing layer by containing an ultraviolet absorbent in the base material. The base material here refers to the material of the base material 151 or the intermediate layer 13 described above.

[0105] Because of their excellent compatibility with curable transparent resins or transparent adhesive sheets, ultraviolet absorbers are preferably benzotriazole-based compounds and benzophenone-based compounds, and more preferably benzotriazole-based compounds. As benzotriazole-based compounds, commercially available benzotriazole-based compounds can be used. Examples of commercially available benzotriazole-based compounds include Tinuvin 384-2, Tinuvin 326, and Tinuvin 970 manufactured by BASF, which have excellent compatibility with curable transparent resins. Note that, for example, even if an ultraviolet absorber has low compatibility with a specific curable transparent resin, by modifying it and bonding a highly compatible portion to the curable transparent resin matrix, the compatibility of the ultraviolet absorber can be improved, and a wide range of ultraviolet absorbers can be used. That is, for example, a silicone-modified ultraviolet absorber can be suitably used for a silicone-based curable transparent resin.

[0106] (Infrared absorbing layer) The light control element 15 preferably includes an infrared absorbing layer that absorbs infrared rays. By including the infrared absorbing layer, the light control element 15 can suppress transmission of infrared rays to the inside of the vehicle, thereby reducing the temperature rise inside the vehicle. Because the liquid crystal layer 153 may be deteriorated by light and heat due to infrared rays, the infrared absorbing layer is preferably formed on the outside of the liquid crystal layer 153.

[0107] As shown in FIG. 2 , the infrared rays that enter the laminated glass 10 from the glass sheet 12 on the vehicle exterior side are referred to as incident infrared rays IRa, and the infrared rays that enter from the glass sheet 12, travel through the laminated glass 10, and enter the liquid crystal layer 153 are referred to as infrared rays IRb. The intensity of infrared rays IRb relative to the intensity of infrared rays IRa is referred to as the infrared transmittance of the laminated glass 10. Infrared rays IRb can be considered to be the incident infrared rays IRa that have passed through the portion of the laminated glass 10 that is closer to the vehicle exterior than the liquid crystal layer 153, and the infrared transmittance here can be considered to be the infrared transmittance of the portion of the laminated glass 10 that is closer to the vehicle exterior than the liquid crystal layer 153. The infrared transmittance can be calculated in accordance with ISO 9050:2003. When the infrared wavelength is 1000 nm, the infrared transmittance of the laminated glass 10, as defined above, is preferably 0% to 60% inclusive, more preferably 0% to 50% inclusive, and even more preferably 0% to 40% inclusive. The intensity of sunlight on the earth's surface is strong in visible light, but decreases as the wavelength becomes longer in the infrared region, so reducing the transmittance at a wavelength of 1000 nm is highly effective in reducing energy.

[0108] In this embodiment, the protective film 154 is preferably an infrared absorbing layer. The protective film 154 functions as an infrared absorbing layer, for example, by including an infrared absorbing agent capable of absorbing infrared rays in its base material. The base material here refers to the material of the protective film 154 described above. Examples of the infrared absorbing agent include ITO (indium tin oxide) particles, ATO (antimony tin oxide) particles, LaB6 (lanthanum hexaboride), and CWO (cesium tungsten oxide) particles. In this case, both protective films 154A and 154B may be infrared absorbing layers, or the protective film 154A on the vehicle interior side may not be an infrared absorbing layer, and only the protective film 154B on the vehicle exterior side may be an infrared absorbing layer. When the base material of the protective film 154 includes an ultraviolet absorbing agent and an infrared absorbing agent, the protective film 154 functions as an ultraviolet and infrared absorbing layer. The protective film 154 may also have a two-layer or more structure, for example, including an ultraviolet absorbing layer and an infrared absorbing layer.

[0109] The infrared absorbing layer does not necessarily have to be realized by the protective film 154, and may be formed separately from the protective film 154. In this case, it is preferable to form the infrared absorbing layer at the position of the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155 shown in Fig. 3. When both the ultraviolet absorbing layer and the infrared absorbing layer are formed, the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155 may also function as the infrared absorbing layer, or the ultraviolet absorbing layer 155 and the infrared absorbing layer may be formed separately.

[0110] The infrared absorbing layer may also be realized by the base material 151 or the intermediate layer 13. In this case, the base material 151 or the intermediate layer 13 functions as the infrared absorbing layer by including the infrared absorbing layer in the base material. The base material here refers to the material of the base material 151 or the intermediate layer 13 described above.

[0111] The infrared absorbing layer may be included in the glass plate 12, or the surface of the glass plate 12 may be treated with an infrared cut-off glass, or an infrared cut-off film may be attached to the glass plate 12.

[0112] (Laminated Glass Manufacturing Method) Next, a method for manufacturing the laminated glass 10 described above will be described. Manufacturing the laminated glass 10 involves manufacturing a light control element 15. When manufacturing the light control element 15, first, a substrate 151 is prepared, and a conductive film 152 is formed on one surface 151S1 of the substrate 151. Then, a protective film 154 is formed on the other surface 151S2 of the substrate 151. The conductive film 152 and the protective film 154 may be formed in any order. An alignment layer or an insulating layer may be formed on the surface of the conductive film 152. The surfaces of the pair of substrates 151 facing the conductive film 152 are then placed opposite each other, and a liquid crystal layer 153 is formed between the pair of substrates 151. This results in a light control element 15 having the protective film 154 formed on its outermost surface. However, the method for manufacturing the light control element 15 is not limited to this. For example, the protective film 154 may be formed later. That is, after the liquid crystal layer 153 is formed between the pair of substrates 151 on which the conductive film 152 has been formed, the protective film 154 may be formed on the outer surface of the substrate 151.

[0113] After the photochromic element 15 is manufactured, a laminate is produced by sandwiching the intermediate layer 13 and the photochromic element 15 between the glass plates 11 and 12. The outer surface of the photochromic element 15 is protected by the protective film 154, which prevents the photochromic element 15 from being scratched during this process. After the laminate is produced, for example, the laminate is placed in a rubber bag and pre-pressed at a temperature of approximately 50°C to 110°C in a vacuum of -100 kPa to -65 kPa. The heating conditions, temperature conditions, vacuum conditions, and lamination method for the pre-pressure bonding are appropriately selected in consideration of the properties of the photochromic element 15 so as not to cause deterioration during lamination.

[0114] Furthermore, by performing a heating and pressing treatment in an autoclave under conditions of, for example, 80°C to 150°C and a pressure of 0.6 MPa to 1.3 MPa, a more durable laminated glass 10 can be obtained. However, in some cases, this heating and pressing step may not be used in consideration of simplification of the process and the properties of the material to be sealed in the laminated glass 10.

[0115] When a transparent adhesive sheet (OCA) is used as intermediate layer 13 in the step of producing the laminate, a laminate may be produced by first producing a first laminate in which light control element 15 is attached to glass plate 12 via intermediate layer 132, which will become part of intermediate layer 13, and then attaching glass plate 11 to the light control element 15 side of the first laminate via intermediate layer 131, which will become part of intermediate layer 13. In this case, an adhesive film may be used for intermediate layer 13, and the preliminary pressure-bonding step may be performed using a roller laminator instead of a rubber bag.

[0116] The temperature and vacuum conditions are appropriately selected in consideration of the properties of the intermediate layer 13 and the light control element 15 so as not to deteriorate during lamination. In particular, lamination at room temperature is preferable as it facilitates manufacturing. Furthermore, a frame-shaped intermediate layer 133 may be added between the intermediate layers 131 and 132 to surround the outer periphery of the light control element 15.

[0117] Furthermore, when a curable transparent resin (OCR) is used as the intermediate layer 13 in the process of producing the laminate, for example, a light control element 15 is inserted into the space between the glass plates 12 and 11, and the position of the light control element 15 in the space between the glass plates 12 and 11 is fixed. Then, the periphery of the space between the glass plates 12 and 11 is sealed with tape or the like to separate the space from the outside. Then, a curable transparent resin is poured into the space to fill it with the curable transparent resin. The curable transparent resin is then cured to form the intermediate layer 13. Note that any curing method for the curable transparent resin may be used, and examples thereof include reaction curing, heat curing, photocuring, and moisture curing.

[0118] When the laminated glass 10 has a curved shape, the glass sheets 11 and 12 may be bent by a conventionally known bending method. For example, the glass sheets 11 and 12 may be placed one on top of the other in a ring-shaped mold, heated to a temperature above their softening point, and bent by their own weight. Alternatively, the glass sheets 11 and 12 may be press-formed individually or together while heated.

[0119] The above-described manufacturing process for the laminated glass 10 is an example, and the laminated glass 10 may also be manufactured using, for example, a cold bend technique.

[0120] (Effects of this embodiment) As described above, the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment includes a pair of glass plates and a light control element 15 disposed between the pair of glass plates. The light control element 15 includes a guest-host liquid crystal layer 153, a substrate 151, a conductive film 152 formed on one surface 151S1 of the substrate 151, and a protective film 154 formed on the other surface 151S2 of the substrate 151. The protective film 154 is more abrasion-resistant than the substrate 151. The outer surface of the light control element may be scratched during assembly of the laminated glass (i.e., during installation within the laminated glass), potentially preventing the light control function from functioning properly. In contrast, the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment includes a protective film 154 formed on the surface 151S2 of the substrate 151, the protective film 154 having a harder hardness than the substrate 151. Therefore, the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment can prevent the light control element 15 from being scratched and properly perform its light control function. In particular, by providing the protective film 154 on the guest-host type light control element 15, scratches can be prevented, and defects in appearance can be appropriately suppressed.

[0121] Furthermore, a pair of conductive films 152 are provided with the liquid crystal layer 153 sandwiched therebetween. The substrate 151 preferably includes a first substrate (substrate 151A) having one conductive film 152 formed on one surface 151S1 thereof and a second substrate (substrate 151B) having the other conductive film 152 formed on one surface 151S1 thereof. The protective film 154 preferably includes a first protective film (protective film 154A) formed on the other surface 151S2 of the first substrate (substrate 151A) and a second protective film (protective film 154B) formed on the other surface 151S2 of the second substrate (substrate 151B). The laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment can prevent scratches on the light control element 15 and appropriately exhibit its light control function. Furthermore, the presence of the protective film 154 on the substrate surface of the light control element 15 eliminates the need to attach and peel off a separate protective film to the substrate, thereby continuously preventing scratches on the light control element 15. In particular, when the liquid crystal layer 153 contains a highly fluid liquid such as a guest-host liquid crystal, a TN type liquid crystal, a PC type liquid crystal, an STN type liquid crystal, an ECB type liquid crystal, an OCB type liquid crystal, an IPS type liquid crystal, or a VA type liquid crystal, the liquid crystal layer 153 is likely to peel off from the substrate of the light control element 15. Therefore, not needing to attach and peel off a protective film contributes to more appropriate performance of the light control function.

[0122] The protective film 154 preferably exhibits a change in haze of 0% or more and 20% or less after 100 cycles in an abrasion resistance test according to JIS R 3212. In the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment, by setting the abrasion resistance of the protective film 154 within this range, scratches on the light control element 15 can be prevented and the light control function can be properly exhibited.

[0123] The protective film 154 preferably contains one or more selected from the group consisting of a cured product (transparent coating film) of a polymerizable curable compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups in the molecule and a cured product (transparent coating film) of a silicon-based alkoxide compound. In the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment, the use of such a protective film 154 can prevent scratches on the light control element 15 and enable the light control function to be properly exhibited.

[0124] The substrate 151 preferably contains one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide, polyether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyimide, aramid, polybutylene terephthalate, triacetyl cellulose, polyurethane, and cycloolefin polymer. The laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment can improve impact resistance by the substrate 151 while preventing scratches on the light control element 15 by the protective film 154. In particular, color unevenness can be appropriately suppressed in the guest-host light control element 15.

[0125] The light control element 15 preferably includes an ultraviolet absorbing layer that absorbs ultraviolet rays. The presence of the ultraviolet absorbing layer in the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment makes it possible to appropriately suppress transmission of ultraviolet rays.

[0126] Furthermore, the protective film 154 is preferably an ultraviolet absorbing layer. In the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment, by using an ultraviolet absorbing layer as the protective film 154, it is possible to prevent the light control element 15 from being scratched and appropriately suppress the transmission of ultraviolet light, while also preventing the film thickness from becoming too large.

[0127] Furthermore, the intensity of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 380 nm (ultraviolet rays UVb) that enters the laminated glass 10 from one glass plate 12 and then enters the liquid crystal layer 153 is preferably 0% or more and 20% or less of the intensity of ultraviolet light (ultraviolet rays UVa) that enters one glass plate 12. When the ultraviolet transmittance is in this range, transmission of UVA (ultraviolet A rays) in particular can be appropriately suppressed.

[0128] The light control element 15 preferably includes an infrared absorbing layer that absorbs infrared rays. The laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment has an infrared absorbing layer, which makes it possible to appropriately suppress the transmission of infrared rays.

[0129] Furthermore, the protective film 154 is preferably an infrared absorbing layer. In the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment, by using an infrared absorbing layer as the protective film 154, it is possible to prevent the light control element 15 from being scratched and appropriately suppress the transmission of infrared rays, while also preventing the film thickness from becoming too large.

[0130] Furthermore, the intensity of infrared rays (infrared rays IRb) with a wavelength of 1000 nm that enter the laminated glass 10 from one glass plate 12 and then enter the liquid crystal layer 153 is preferably 0% or more and 60% or less of the intensity of infrared rays (incident infrared rays IRa) that enter one glass plate 12. When the infrared transmittance is within this range, the transmission of infrared rays can be appropriately suppressed.

[0131] An intermediate layer 13 is provided between the pair of glass plates 11, 12, and the light control element 15 is provided within the intermediate layer 13. In the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment, providing the light control element 15 within the intermediate layer 13 makes it possible to suppress deformation of the light control element 15.

[0132] Furthermore, the intermediate layer 13 preferably contains one or more resins selected from the group consisting of plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, and ionomer resins. The use of such an intermediate layer 13 can suppress color unevenness due to film thickness deviations in the liquid crystal layer 153. Furthermore, providing the substrate 151 of this embodiment for such an intermediate layer 13 is particularly effective in reducing impact resistance.

[0133] At least one of a curable transparent resin (OCR) and a transparent adhesive sheet (OCA) may be used as the intermediate layer 13. The use of a curable transparent resin or a transparent adhesive sheet makes it possible to prepare a laminate at room temperature, which is more desirable. Examples of curable transparent resins and transparent adhesive sheets include acrylic, silicone, urethane acrylate, and epoxy resins.

[0134] The intermediate layer 13 has a shear modulus of 1.0×10 at 25°C in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz. 3 Pa or higher, 2.0×10 6 It is preferable that the interlayer 13 has a viscosity of not more than 100 Pa. By using such an intermediate layer 13, it becomes possible to prepare a laminate at room temperature, which is more preferable.

[0135] The laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment is preferably a glass for a vehicle. The laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment is particularly effective as a glass for a vehicle because it can prevent scratches on the light control element 15.

[0136] (Example) Next, examples will be described. Table 1 is a table for explaining examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0137] [Table 1]

[0138] (Example 1) In Example 1, a laminated glass was prepared in which a first glass plate, a first intermediate layer, a light control element, a second intermediate layer, and a second glass plate were laminated in this order from the exterior side to the interior side of the vehicle. In Example 1, VFL2.0 (thickness: 2 mm) manufactured by AGC was used as the first glass plate and the second glass plate, acrylic OCA PD-S1 (thickness: 25 μm) manufactured by Panac was used as the first intermediate layer, and two-component curing silicone OCR (product name: SN1001) manufactured by Momentive was used as the second intermediate layer. In addition, in Example 1, a light control element was used in which a first protective film, a first substrate, a guest-host type light control part, a second substrate, and a second protective film were laminated in this order from the exterior side to the interior side of the vehicle. In Example 1, the first and second substrates were made of polycarbonate (product name: Carboglass C110C) manufactured by AGC Polycarbonate Co., Ltd., each with a thickness of 100 μm, and the first and second protective films were made of hard coating solution HR350 manufactured by Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd., each with a thickness of 5 μm. HR350 contains dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate. In Example 1, no ultraviolet absorbing layer or infrared absorbing layer was formed.

[0139] (Example 2) In Example 2, laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first protective film was an ultraviolet absorbing layer. In Example 2, the first protective film acting as an ultraviolet absorbing layer was produced by adding 2-[4-(4,6-bis-{2-hydroxy-4-[1-(6-methyl-heptyloxycarbonyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-phenoxy]-propionic acid 6-methyl-heptyl ester as an ultraviolet absorber to the HR350 base material in an amount of 5 mass % relative to the entire first protective film.

[0140] (Example 3) In Example 3, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the first and second substrates were made of polyethylene terephthalate (product name: Cosmoshine A4360) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. and had a thickness of 100 μm.

[0141] (Example 4) In Example 4, laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the first protective film was an infrared absorbing layer. That is, in Example 4, the first protective film functions as both an ultraviolet absorbing layer and an infrared absorbing layer. In Example 4, the first protective film was produced by adding 2-[4-(4,6-bis-{2-hydroxy-4-[1-(6-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-phenoxy]-propionic acid 6-methylheptyl ester as an ultraviolet absorber in an amount of 5 mass% relative to the entire first protective film to the base material HR350, and adding an ITO dispersion (PI-6T manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials) as an infrared absorber in an amount of 5 mass% relative to the entire first protective film.

[0142] (Example 5) In Example 5, laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first intermediate layer was an ultraviolet absorbing layer. In Example 5, 1 mass % of C7-C9-alkyl-3-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionether was added as an ultraviolet absorber to the two-component curing silicone resin base material, based on the entire first intermediate layer, to produce the first intermediate layer as an ultraviolet absorbing layer.

[0143] (Example 6) In Example 6, a two-component curing silicone OCR (product name: SN1001) manufactured by Momentive was used as the first intermediate layer, and an acrylic OCA PD-S1 manufactured by Panac was used as the second intermediate layer. The laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first intermediate layer was a UV-absorbing layer. The UV absorber used was a silicone-modified compound obtained by adding 1,2-dibutyl-4-(4,7-dihydroxy-1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)-3,5-pyrazolidinedione to an epoxy-modified silicone ("KF-105" manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and an amine catalyst, followed by heating and stirring at 80°C. The silicone-modified UV absorber was added at 1% by mass to the entire first intermediate layer to form the first intermediate layer as a UV-absorbing layer. That is, the first intermediate layer was a silicone-based OCR in which a silicone-modified UV absorber was dissolved.

[0144] (Example 7) In Example 7, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the first protective film and the second protective film were not provided.

[0145] (evaluation) Each of the laminated glasses of Examples 1 to 7 was evaluated for handling scratches and weather resistance.

[0146] The evaluation of handling scratches was carried out by the abrasion resistance test specified in JIS R3212. A haze change of 20% or less after 100 tests was marked with a circle (○), and a change of more than 20% was marked with a cross (×), with a circle (○) being considered a pass. As shown in Table 1, Examples 1 to 6, which are working examples, were evaluated as pass in terms of handling scratches, while Example 7, which is a comparative example in which no protective film was provided, was evaluated as failing in terms of handling scratches.

[0147] Weather resistance is an optional evaluation, and the visible light transmittance (Tv) was measured in a dark color state after 1,500 hours of exposure using a xenon weather meter at a black panel temperature of 83°C and an irradiation dose of 150W. An absolute change in visible light transmittance before and after the test of 1.5% or less was marked with a double circle (◎), 2.0% or less was marked with a circle (〇), and 5.0% or less was marked with a triangle (△). As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that adding an ultraviolet absorbing layer or infrared absorbing layer can improve weather resistance and is therefore more preferable.

[0148] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments are not limited to the contents of these embodiments. Furthermore, the above-described components include those that can be easily imagined by a person skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those that are within the scope of what is called equivalents. Furthermore, the above-described components can be combined as appropriate. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, or modifications of the components can be made without departing from the spirit of the above-described embodiments. [Explanation of symbols]

[0149] 10. Laminated glass 11, 12 Glass plate 13 Middle class 14 Shielding layer 15 Dimming element 151, 151A, 151B base material 152, 152A, 152B conductive film 153 Liquid crystal layer 154, 154A, 154B Protective film

[0150] The entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-135139, filed on August 7, 2020, are hereby incorporated by reference as the disclosure of the specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pair of glass plates; a light-adjusting element provided between the pair of glass plates, the light-adjusting element including a liquid crystal layer, a substrate, a conductive film formed on one surface of the substrate, and a protective film formed on the other surface of the substrate; Equipped with the liquid crystal layer contains at least one liquid crystal selected from the group consisting of guest-host liquid crystal, TN type liquid crystal, PC type liquid crystal, STN type liquid crystal, ECB type liquid crystal, OCB type liquid crystal, IPS type liquid crystal and VA type liquid crystal, the protective film has higher abrasion resistance than the substrate; an intermediate layer is provided between the pair of glass plates, and the light control element is provided in the intermediate layer; The intermediate layer includes at least one of a transparent adhesive sheet and a curable transparent resin. Laminated glass.

2. The laminated glass of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal layer is a guest-host liquid crystal.

3. the conductive film includes a first conductive film and a second conductive film sandwiching the liquid crystal layer, the substrate includes a first substrate having the first conductive film formed on one surface thereof and a second substrate having the second conductive film formed on one surface thereof; 3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the protective film includes a first protective film formed on the other surface of the first substrate and a second protective film formed on the other surface of the second substrate.

4. 4. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the protective film exhibits a haze change of 0% or more and 20% or less after 100 cycles of an abrasion resistance test according to JIS R3212.

5. 5. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the protective film contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a cured product of a polymerizable curable compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups in the molecule and a cured product of a silicon-based alkoxide compound.

6. 6. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the substrate contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide, polyether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cyclic polyolefin, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyimide, aramid, polybutylene terephthalate, triacetyl cellulose, polyurethane, and cycloolefin polymer.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 1 , wherein the light control element includes an ultraviolet absorbing layer.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 7 , wherein the protective film is the ultraviolet absorbing layer.

9. 9. The laminated glass according to claim 7 or 8, wherein an intensity of ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380 nm that travels through the laminated glass and is incident on the liquid crystal layer is 0% or more and 20% or less of an intensity of ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 380 nm that is incident on the laminated glass from an outside of one of the pair of glass plates.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 1 , wherein the light control element includes an infrared absorbing layer.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 10, wherein the protective film is the infrared absorbing layer.

12. 12. The laminated glass according to claim 10 or 11, wherein an intensity of infrared light having a wavelength of 1000 nm that travels through the laminated glass and is incident on the liquid crystal layer is 0% or more and 60% or less of an intensity of infrared light having a wavelength of 1000 nm that is incident on the laminated glass from an outside of one of the pair of glass plates.

13. 2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer contains one or more resins selected from the group consisting of plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, and ionomer resins.

14. The intermediate layer has a shear modulus of 1.0×10 at 25° C. in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz. ３ Pa or more, 100.0×10 ６ The laminated glass according to claim 1 , wherein the laminated glass has a modulus of 100 Pa or less.

15. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 14, which is a glass for a vehicle.

16. A laminated glass described in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a dimming section that contains a liquid crystal composition and performs dimming, and a sealing material that seals the outside of the dimming section.

17. A laminated glass described in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the substrate extends radially outward beyond the peripheral edge of the liquid crystal layer.

18. Laminated glass described in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the intermediate layer has a first intermediate layer and a second intermediate layer, and the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer are formed by a combination of the transparent adhesive sheet and the cured transparent resin.

19. The first intermediate layer is disposed on the vehicle interior side relative to the second intermediate layer, The first intermediate layer is the transparent adhesive sheet, and the second intermediate layer is the curable transparent resin, or The laminated glass according to claim 18 , wherein the first intermediate layer is the curable transparent resin, and the second intermediate layer is the transparent adhesive sheet.

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