Thermal decomposition equipment

Abstract

To provide a thermal decomposition facility capable of effectively using biomass and waste plastics to efficiently obtain components of a fuel and a chemical raw material.SOLUTION: A thermal decomposition facility 1 carbonizes biomass by carbonization means 2 to obtain carbide, while thermally decomposing waste plastics by thermal decomposition means 3 and adsorption means 4 to produce heavy components (liquid and solid at room temperature) and a pyrolysis gas, and in addition, the thermal decomposition facility adsorbs the heavy components to solid carbide to obtain light components (high-grade thermal decomposition gas) from which the heavy components are separated, and carbide that has a calorific value secured by adsorbing the heavy components.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a pyrolysis facility that uses biomass and waste plastics as raw materials. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, there has been a demand for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fossil fuels. At the same time, carbon resources are used as various raw materials and fuels in society and are therefore indispensable. There is a need to develop technologies that contribute to resource conservation while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by diversifying the carbon resources that can be used.

[0003] One possible way to diversify carbon resources is to use carbonized biomass as a partial substitute for coal in power generation and various industries (Patent Document 1). Also, one possible way to diversify carbon resources is to use pyrolysis products of waste plastics as a partial substitute for petroleum in the chemical industry (Patent Document 2).

[0004] Carbonizing biomass improves its pulverizability and makes it an effective substitute for coal. However, a considerable amount of volatile matter is produced during pyrolysis for carbonization, resulting in a loss of some of the original heat value. Furthermore, while pyrolysis of waste plastics is carried out for the purpose of producing oil, the heavy components such as residue and sludge currently have almost no use. Because heavy oil can clog pipes, the heavy components obtained by pyrolysis of waste plastics are decomposed and removed using catalysts or in separate equipment.

[0005] For this reason, there is still room for innovation when it comes to using biomass or waste plastic as an alternative to fossil fuels. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-31356 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-246912 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a pyrolysis facility that can effectively utilize biomass and waste plastics to efficiently obtain fuel and chemical raw material components.

[0008] Specifically, the objective is to provide a pyrolysis facility that uses biomass and waste plastics as raw materials to produce pyrolysis gas as light components and charcoal with a high calorific value by adsorbing heavy components. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the pyrolysis equipment of the present invention according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass to obtain a carbonized material, and a pyrolysis and adsorption means (pyrolysis means and adsorption means) into which the carbonized material obtained by the carbonization means and waste plastic are input, and which thermally decomposes the waste plastic to produce heavy components and gas, and adsorbs the heavy components onto the carbonized material.

[0010] In the present invention according to claim 1, biomass is carbonized by a carbonization means to obtain a carbonized product, while waste plastics are thermally decomposed by a pyrolysis and adsorption means (pyrolysis means and adsorption means) to generate heavy components (liquid and solid at 100°C or less) and gas, and the heavy components are adsorbed onto the solid carbonized product. The light components (high-quality gas) from which the heavy components have been separated, and the carbonized product from which the heavy components have been adsorbed and have a sufficient calorific value, are used as fuel and chemical raw materials.

[0011] As biomass, woody biomass such as forest residues, thinning materials, unused trees, sawmill waste, and construction waste can be used; unused biomass such as rice, wheat straw, and rice husks; and waste biomass such as waste paper, livestock manure, food waste, and sludge.

[0012] This will enable biomass and waste plastics to be effectively utilized and efficiently obtain fuel and chemical raw material components.

[0013] Furthermore, the pyrolysis equipment of the present invention according to claim 2 is the pyrolysis equipment of claim 1, wherein the carbonization means comprises a first heating body into which the biomass is introduced from one end and which is transported to the other end to obtain a carbonized material, and a first heating means which covers the first heating body and heats the inside of the first heating body to a desired temperature; the pyrolysis adsorption means comprises a second heating body into which the carbonized material discharged from the other end of the first heating body and the waste plastic are introduced from one end and which is transported to the other end to thermally decompose the waste plastic to obtain heavy components and gas, and adsorb the heavy components to the carbonized material; and a second heating means which covers the second heating body and heats the inside of the second heating body to a desired temperature; and the carbonized material to which the heavy components are adsorbed and light components which are products of the waste plastic from which the heavy components have been separated are discharged from the end of the second heating body.

[0014] In the present invention according to claim 2, the first heating means heats the first heating body to carbonize the biomass, and the second heating means heats the second heating body to pyrolyze the waste plastic, separating heavy components, which are then adsorbed onto the char. The char, which has a sufficient calorific value due to the adsorption of the heavy components, and the pyrolysis gas (light components: ethylene, etc.) from which the heavy components have been separated are discharged as fuel and chemical raw materials.

[0015] The second heating body heated by the second heating means is configured to be adjusted (cooled) to a temperature at which the heavy components are adsorbed by the carbonized material. For example, it is preferable that the second heating body is configured so that the upstream side is heated by the second heating means and a portion of the downstream side is not heated by the second heating means. It is also possible to provide a cooling means for adjusting the temperature to a temperature that promotes adsorption.

[0016] In other words, the equipment of the present invention according to claim 2 has a separate carbonization means for carbonizing biomass and a pyrolysis and adsorption means for pyrolyzing waste plastics and adsorbing heavy components to the carbonized material. To increase the amount of heavy components adsorbed to the carbonized material, it is possible to activate the carbonized material (partially gasify it with air or steam). Furthermore, when there is no biomass supply to the first heating body, used carbonized material can be activated and reused.

[0017] The first heating body and the second heating body can be rotary kiln-type equipment, equipment using an electric furnace, etc. The pyrolysis gas obtained by the first heating body can be used as a heat source for the first heating means as combustion gas. The surplus heat of the first heating means can be used as a heat source for the second heating means.

[0018] The thermal decomposition equipment of the present invention according to claim 3 is ,one Edge Abandoned The inner cylindrical portion into which the plastic is poured, and the outer periphery of the inner cylindrical portion, Raba a front cylinder main body consisting of an outer cylinder into which biomass is introduced; a first heating unit disposed on the outer periphery of the front cylinder main body and configured to heat the front cylinder main body to a temperature at which the biomass introduced into the outer cylinder is carbonized and the waste plastic introduced into the inner cylinder is pyrolyzed; a rear cylinder main body disposed on the other end of the front cylinder main body and configured to carry in the carbonized material from the outer cylinder and the product produced by pyrolyzing the waste plastic from the inner cylinder; and a second heating unit disposed on the outer periphery of the rear cylinder main body and configured to heat the rear cylinder main body to a temperature at which the carbonized material from the waste plastic is adsorbed by the heavy components from the waste plastic. It consists ofThe rear cylinder main body is characterized in that the carbonized material to which the heavy components have been adsorbed and the light components which are products of the waste plastic from which the heavy components have been separated are discharged.

[0019] In the present invention according to claim 3, the first heating section heats the front cylinder body (e.g., 600°C to 800°C), carbonizing the biomass in the outer cylinder and pyrolyzing the waste plastic in the inner cylinder. The char and products (heavy components and light components) produced by pyrolysis are sent to the rear cylinder body, which is heated by the second heating section to a temperature (e.g., 100°C or less) at which the heavy components, which are products of the waste plastic, are adsorbed onto the char. The heavy components are adsorbed onto the char, and pyrolysis gas (light components: ethylene, etc.) from which the heavy components have been separated is obtained. The char with the adsorbed heavy components and a sufficient calorific value, and the pyrolysis gas (light components: ethylene, etc.) from which the heavy components have been separated are discharged as fuel and chemical components.

[0020] In other words, the equipment of the present invention according to claim 3 is composed of a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass and a pyrolysis and adsorption means for pyrolyzing waste plastics and adsorbing heavy components onto the carbonized product in a single piece of equipment. [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] The pyrolysis equipment of the present invention makes it possible to effectively utilize biomass and waste plastics to efficiently obtain fuel and chemical raw material components. Specifically, it is possible to use biomass and waste plastics as raw materials to obtain pyrolysis gas as a light component and charcoal with a high calorific value, in which heavy components are adsorbed. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic system diagram of a pyrolysis facility according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a pyrolysis facility according to a second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] FIG. 1 shows a schematic system for explaining the overall configuration of a thermal decomposition facility according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] The pyrolysis equipment 1 of the first embodiment is composed of a carbonization means 2 that carbonizes biomass to obtain a carbonized material, a pyrolysis means 3 that receives the carbonized material obtained by the carbonization means 2 and waste plastic, pyrolyzes the waste plastic to generate heavy components and gas, and adsorbs the heavy components to the carbonized material, and an adsorption means 4 (pyrolysis and adsorption means).

[0025] The carbonization means 2 is equipped with a first heating body 13 into which biomass is introduced through a first inlet 11 at one end and the introduced biomass is sequentially transported toward a first outlet 12 at the other end to obtain carbonized material. The first heating body 13 is composed of a rotating body that is rotated by a drive means, and the biomass is transported toward the first outlet 12 by the rotation of the first heating body 13.

[0026] The first heating body 13 is covered with a first heating drum 14 (first heating means), and hot air is supplied from a combustor 15 using fuel or the like between the first heating body 13 and the first heating drum 14 (inside the first heating drum 14). By supplying hot air between the first heating body 13 and the first heating drum 14 (inside the first heating drum 14), the biomass inside the first heating body 13 is carbonized at, for example, 500°C to 800°C. Pyrolysis gas generated in the first heating body 13 can also be supplied to the combustor 15 as fuel.

[0027] The pyrolysis means 3 is equipped with a second heating body 23 into which the carbonized material and waste plastic discharged from the first outlet portion 12 of the first heating body 13 are introduced through the second inlet portion 21 at one end, and the introduced carbonized material and waste plastic are sequentially transported toward the second outlet portion 22 at the other end.

[0028] The upstream side of the second heating body 23 is covered by a second heating drum 24 (second heating means), and hot air from a combustor 15 using fossil fuels or the like and excess heat from the first heating body 13 are supplied between the second heating body 23 and the second heating drum 24 (inside the second heating drum 24).

[0029] The adsorption section main body 25 of the adsorption means 4 is configured to be adjusted (cooled) to a temperature at which the heavy components are adsorbed (for example, 100° C. or lower).

[0030] Excess heat is supplied between the upstream side of the second heating body 23 and the second heating drum 24 (inside the second heating drum 24), and by heating to, for example, about 500°C, the waste plastic is thermally decomposed to obtain heavy components and pyrolysis gas (light components). Then, the temperature of the adsorption section body 25 of the adsorption means 4 is lowered, and the heavy components are adsorbed onto the carbonized material.

[0031] Furthermore, between the second heating body 23 and the second heating drum 24 (inside the second heating drum 24), it is also possible to supply excess heat from the first heating body 13 alone or hot air from the combustor 15 alone.

[0032] A product gas (ethylene, etc.) that is a light component (high-quality gas) from which the heavy components have been separated is discharged from the first adsorption section outlet 26 of the adsorption means 4 and is used as a fuel or chemical feedstock. Also, a charcoal product from which the heavy components have been adsorbed and which has a sufficient calorific value is discharged from the second adsorption section outlet 27 of the adsorption means 4 and is used as a fuel or chemical feedstock.

[0033] The pyrolysis equipment 1 configured as described above has separate components: a carbonization unit 2 for carbonizing biomass, and a pyrolysis unit 3 for pyrolyzing waste plastic and adsorbing heavy components to the carbonized material. To increase the amount of heavy components adsorbed to the carbonized material, it is possible to activate the carbonized material (partially gasify it with air or steam). Furthermore, when there is no biomass supply to the first heating body 13, used carbonized material can be activated and reused.

[0034] In the above-described pyrolysis facility 1, biomass is carbonized by the carbonization means 2 to obtain a carbonized product, while waste plastic is pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis means 3 to generate heavy components (liquid and solid at 100°C or less) and pyrolysis gas, and the heavy components are adsorbed onto the solid carbonized product by the adsorption means 4. As a result, the light components (high-quality pyrolysis gas) from which the heavy components have been separated, and the carbonized product from which the heavy components have been adsorbed and which has a sufficient calorific value, can be used as fuel and chemical raw materials.

[0035] This will enable biomass and waste plastics to be effectively utilized and efficiently obtain fuel and chemical raw material components.

[0036] In addition, biomass that can be used includes woody biomass such as forest residues, thinning materials, unused trees, sawmill waste, and construction waste; unused biomass such as rice, wheat straw, and rice husks; and waste biomass such as waste paper, livestock manure, food waste, and sludge.

[0037] A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows a schematic system for explaining the overall configuration of a thermal decomposition facility according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] The pyrolysis equipment 6 of the second embodiment is composed of carbonization means 7 that carbonizes biomass to obtain a carbonized material, pyrolysis means 8 (pyrolysis adsorption means) that receives the carbonized material obtained by the carbonization means 7 and waste plastic and pyrolyzes the waste plastic to generate heavy components and gas, and adsorption means (pyrolysis adsorption means: rear cylinder main body portion 37 described later) that adsorbs the heavy components to the carbonized material. The carbonization means 7 and pyrolysis means 8 are composed of a single facility.

[0039] The carbonization means 7 and the pyrolysis means 8 each include a front cylinder body 35 made up of an inner cylinder 32 into which waste plastic is introduced from one end, a first upper end 31, and an outer cylinder 34 arranged coaxially around the outer periphery of the inner cylinder 32 and into which biomass is introduced from one end, a second upper end 33. A first heating section 36 is arranged on the outer periphery of the front cylinder body 35, and the insides of the inner cylinder 32 and the outer cylinder 34 are heated to a predetermined temperature by the first heating section 36. Note that the arrangement of the inner cylinder 32 and the outer cylinder 34 does not have to be coaxial.

[0040] That is, the first heating unit 36 ​​heats the front cylinder main body 35 to a temperature that carbonizes the biomass put into the outer cylinder 34 and pyrolyzes the waste plastic put into the inner cylinder 32. For example, the first heating unit 36 ​​heats the front cylinder main body 35 so that the inside of the outer cylinder 34 is between 600°C and 800°C and the inside of the inner cylinder 32 is about 500°C.

[0041] The heat source for the first heating section 36 can be the raw material woody biomass or waste plastic, or the product pyrolysis gas or part of the charcoal, or gas obtained by externally burning other fuel, or heater heating using surplus electricity. Alternatively, instead of the first heating section 36, heat can be obtained by burning part of the biomass by supplying air or oxygen from the second upper end 33.

[0042] A rear cylinder main body 37 (pyrolysis adsorption means: adsorption means) is arranged on the other end side, i.e., the lower end side, of the front cylinder main body 35, and the carbonized material produced in the outer cylinder 34 and the waste plastic products produced by pyrolysis in the inner cylinder 32 are carried into the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means). A second heating section 38 is arranged on the outer periphery of the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means), and the inside of the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means) is heated to a predetermined temperature by the second heating section 38.

[0043] That is, the second heating section 38 heats or cools the inside of the rear cylinder main body section 37 (adsorption means) to a temperature (e.g., 100°C or below) that adsorbs heavy components that are products of waste plastic and heavy components contained in pyrolysis gas derived from biomass from the carbonized material transported into the rear cylinder main body section 37 (adsorption means).

[0044] The carbide with the heavy components adsorbed thereto is discharged from outlet 39 of rear cylinder body 37 (adsorption means) and used as fuel or chemical raw material. Also, the product gas (ethylene, etc.) as pyrolysis gas, which is a light component (high-quality gas) from which the heavy components have been separated, is discharged from outlet 39 of rear cylinder body 37 and used as fuel or chemical raw material.

[0045] The pyrolysis equipment 6 configured as described above is composed of a carbonization means 7 for carbonizing biomass, a pyrolysis means 8 for pyrolyzing waste plastic, and a rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means) for adsorbing heavy components to the carbonized product. The front cylinder main body 35 is heated (for example, to 600°C to 800°C) by the first heating section 36, and the biomass in the outer cylinder 34 is carbonized, while the waste plastic is pyrolyzed in the inner cylinder 32.

[0046] The carbonized material and the products (heavy components, light components) produced by pyrolysis are sent to the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means), and the second heating section 38 adjusts the temperature of the rear cylinder main body 37 (adsorption means) to a temperature (for example, 100°C or below) at which the heavy components produced by waste plastic and the heavy components of the pyrolysis gas derived from biomass are adsorbed onto the carbonized material.

[0047] The heavy components are adsorbed onto the charcoal, and pyrolysis gas (light components: ethylene, etc.) from which the heavy components have been separated is obtained. The charcoal, from which the heavy components have been adsorbed and have a sufficient calorific value, and the pyrolysis gas (light components: ethylene, etc.) from which the heavy components have been separated are then discharged as fuel and chemical raw materials.

[0048] As in the first embodiment, in order to increase the amount of heavy components adsorbed onto the carbonized material, it is possible to activate the carbonized material (partially gasify it with air or steam). Furthermore, if there is no supply of biomass to the outer tubular portion 34, used carbonized material can be activated and reused.

[0049] In the above-mentioned pyrolysis equipment 6, which is composed of a single facility, biomass is carbonized by the carbonization means 7 to obtain a carbonized product, while waste plastic is pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis means 8 to produce heavy components (liquid and solid at 100°C or less) and pyrolysis gas, and the heavy components are adsorbed onto the solid carbonized product.

[0050] Therefore, a single facility can be used to obtain light components (high-quality pyrolysis gas) from which heavy components have been separated, and charcoal from which heavy components have been adsorbed, ensuring a high calorific value.The high-quality pyrolysis gas and charcoal from which calorific value has been ensured can be used as fuel and chemical raw materials.

[0051] This will enable biomass and waste plastics to be effectively utilized in a single facility, enabling fuel and chemical raw material components to be efficiently obtained. [Industrial Applicability]

[0052] The present invention can be used in the industrial field of thermal decomposition equipment. [Explanation of symbols]

[0053] 1, 6 Pyrolysis equipment 2.7 Carbonization Method 3, 8 Pyrolysis means 4 Adsorption means 11 1st entrance 12 1st exit section 13 First heating unit 14 First heating drum 15 Combustor 21 2nd entrance section 22 2nd exit section 23 Second heating body 24 Second heating drum 25 Adsorption part body 26 Adsorption unit outlet 1 27 Adsorption unit second outlet 31 1st upper end 32 inner tube 33 2nd upper end 34 outer tube 35 Front barrel body part 36 1st heating section 37 Rear tube body (adsorption means) 38. Second heating section 39 Export Department

Claims

1. a carbonization means for carbonizing biomass to obtain a carbonized product; and a pyrolysis and adsorption means for receiving the carbonized material obtained by the carbonization means and waste plastics, thermally decomposing the waste plastics to generate heavy components and gas, and adsorbing the heavy components to the carbonized material. A pyrolysis facility characterized by:

2. The pyrolysis equipment according to claim 1, The carbonization means is The biomass feeder has a first heating body into which the biomass is fed from one end and transported to the other end to obtain a carbonized product, and a first heating means that covers the first heating body and heats the inside of the first heating body to a desired temperature, The pyrolysis and adsorption means The apparatus includes a second heating body into which the carbonized material discharged from the other end of the first heating body and the waste plastics are introduced from one end, and the introduced waste plastics and the carbonized material are transported to the other end, and the waste plastics are thermally decomposed to obtain heavy components and gas, and the heavy components are adsorbed onto the carbonized material; and a second heating means that covers the second heating body and heats the inside of the second heating body to a desired temperature. From the end of the second heating body, the carbonized material to which the heavy components have been adsorbed and the light components which are the product of the waste plastic from which the heavy components have been separated are discharged. A pyrolysis facility characterized by:

3. A front tube body portion consisting of an inner tube portion into which waste plastic is introduced from one end, and an outer tube portion arranged on the outer periphery of the inner tube portion and into which biomass is introduced from one end; a first heating section disposed on the outer periphery of the front tube main body section, which heats the front tube main body section to a temperature at which the biomass introduced into the outer tube section is carbonized and the waste plastic introduced into the inner tube section is pyrolyzed; a rear cylinder body portion disposed at the other end of the front cylinder body portion, into which the carbonized material of the outer cylinder portion and the product produced by thermal decomposition of the waste plastic of the inner cylinder portion are carried; a second heating section disposed on the outer periphery of the rear cylinder main body section and configured to heat the rear cylinder main body section to a temperature at which heavy components, which are products of the waste plastics, are adsorbed onto the carbonized material; The carbonized material to which the heavy components have been adsorbed and the light components which are products of the waste plastic from which the heavy components have been separated are discharged from the rear cylinder main body portion. A pyrolysis facility characterized by:

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