Precast concrete slab connecting structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a connected structure of precast concrete slabs that is resistant to sinking and is suitable for use as a surface material for uneven road test courses. The precast concrete slab connection structure (100) of the present invention includes a first precast concrete slab (11), a second precast concrete slab (12), and a connector (20) connecting them, The connector (20) has at least two fixing portions (21a, 21b, 22a, 22b) on each of the first and second precast concrete slabs (11, 12).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a connection structure for precast concrete slabs. [Background technology]

[0002] Various road surfaces are constructed as test courses for testing automobile performance. For example, there are road surfaces with specific sliding friction resistance values ​​to check the braking performance and tire grip of an automobile, slopes to check the center of gravity and inclination of an automobile, and uneven road surfaces to check the ride comfort of an automobile, including the suspension, rigidity of each part, noise, and tire performance.

[0003] An uneven road surface is constructed to mimic the unevenness that occurs when roads deteriorate, sink, wear, etc. Conventionally, a specific uneven road surface has been simulated by taking photographs, measuring distances and heights, making plaster casts, and then manually piling up cement or other materials in places on a smooth road surface on a test course based on that data.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a method for reproducing an uneven road surface by measuring the surface shape of the uneven road surface, creating a mold for reproducing that surface shape, using that mold to manufacture a surface material for a precast concrete slab, and placing the manufactured surface material on a base layer.

[0005] It is well known that precast concrete slabs are used for paving airports, factory sites, etc., and Patent Document 2, for example, discloses a connecting structure thereof. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-102046 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2-266006 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The present invention provides a connected structure of precast concrete slabs that is resistant to sinking and is suitable for use as a surface material for uneven road test courses. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present inventors have discovered that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by a precast concrete slab connection structure having the following features.

[0009] <<Aspect 1>> In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a medicament for the treatment of a pulmonary arthritis. A precast concrete slab connection structure including a first precast concrete slab, a second precast concrete slab, and a connector connecting the first and second precast concrete slabs, The connector relates to a connecting structure for precast concrete slabs, in which the first and second precast concrete slabs each have at least two fixing portions.

[0010] In this embodiment, the connecting structures of the precast concrete slabs each have two fixing parts, so when one of the precast concrete slabs receives a load from above, the precast concrete slabs are less likely to sink. Also, in this embodiment, the precast concrete slabs can be connected using connectors without using grout, and the connectors can be removed, so the first and second precast concrete slabs can be easily disconnected and moved from their installed location.

[0011] <<Aspect 2>> In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a medicament for the treatment of a pulmonary arthritis. The present invention relates to the above-mentioned precast concrete slab connecting structure, wherein the first and second precast concrete slabs have unevenness similar to that of an uneven road surface.

[0012] The inventors have noticed that in uneven road test courses using precast concrete slabs as surface layers, many of the precast concrete slabs experience sinking over time when connected using conventional methods. This is thought to be due to the fragility of the construction material below the surface layer or the fragility of the underlying ground. Because the unevenness of the uneven road surface of the surface layer of an uneven road test course is only a few millimeters high, even slight sinking of the first and second precast concrete slabs makes them unsuitable. Therefore, the connected structure of this embodiment, which is less susceptible to sinking of the precast concrete slabs, is particularly suitable as a surface layer for uneven road test courses.

[0013] Aspect 3 In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a medicament for the treatment of a pulmonary arthritis. The two fixing portions are positioned substantially horizontally side by side and relate to the above-mentioned connecting structure of precast concrete slabs.

[0014] In this embodiment, the connecting structure of the precast concrete slabs has two fixing parts positioned horizontally side by side, which effectively cancels out the force moment generated in the precast concrete slab when it is subjected to a downward load, making it particularly unlikely for sinking to occur.

[0015] Aspect 4 In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a medicament for the treatment of a pulmonary arthritis. The present invention relates to the above-mentioned precast concrete slab connection structure, in which the connector is housed in a recess formed in the side surface of the first and second precast concrete slabs.

[0016] In such an embodiment, the connectors can be prevented from protruding from the sides of the first and second precast concrete slabs, so they will not injure people, vehicles, etc. passing along the sides of the connecting structure, making them suitable as surface materials for test courses on uneven roads where people and vehicles may pass along the sides of the connecting structure.

[0017] Aspect 5 In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a medicament for the treatment of a pulmonary arthritis. This relates to the above-mentioned precast concrete slab connection structure, wherein the connector has a connecting plate and at least four fixing bolts that fix the connecting plate to the first and second precast concrete slabs, and the connecting plate extends over almost the entire area of ​​the recesses formed in the sides of the first and second precast concrete slabs.

[0018] In this embodiment, in addition to fixing and connecting the first and second precast concrete slabs at at least two points each with at least four fixing bolts, the connecting plate also fits into the recess, preventing the first and second precast concrete slabs from sinking, making it even less likely for the precast concrete slabs to sink when under load, which is preferable.

[0019] Aspect 6 In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a medicament for the treatment of a pulmonary arthritis. The present invention relates to the above-mentioned precast concrete slab connection structure, which has a joint material between the first and second precast concrete slabs.

[0020] When the connecting structure is used as a surface material for a test course, particularly on an uneven road surface, irregular stresses are likely to occur due to the unevenness of the uneven road surface, and in an environment where the precast concrete slabs are prone to thermal expansion, the first and second precast concrete slabs are likely to break where they come into contact. In contrast, in this embodiment, using a joint material as a buffer material between the first and second precast concrete slabs makes these types of breakage less likely to occur, which is preferable.

[0021] Aspect 7 In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for producing a medicament for the treatment of a pulmonary arthritis. The present invention relates to an uneven road surface including a base layer and the above-mentioned connecting structure of precast concrete slabs as a surface layer material.

[0022] On an uneven road surface where even slight sinking can be a problem, the uneven road surface according to this embodiment is extremely useful because sinking of the first and second precast concrete slabs is unlikely to occur. [Effects of the Invention]

[0023] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a connected structure of precast concrete slabs that is resistant to sinking and is suitable as a surface material for test courses on uneven road surfaces. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a precast concrete slab connection structure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a precast concrete slab used for the precast concrete slab connection structure. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 shows a photograph of a precast concrete slab with unevenness like a road surface. [Figure 4] Figure 4 is an enlarged photograph of Figure 3, showing the minute irregularities of the precast concrete slab. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of one embodiment of a method for constructing an uneven road surface. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the surface layer installation step S3. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows a photograph of the mold used to manufacture the precast concrete slab with the unevenness of the road surface. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is an enlarged photograph of FIG. 7, showing the micro-irregularities of the mold used to manufacture the precast concrete slab. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The present invention will be specifically described using the following embodiments as examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, a configuration known to those skilled in the art can be used.

[0026] In this specification, the terms "upward" and "downward" refer to the directions opposite and forward of gravity, respectively. Furthermore, in this specification, the term "lengthwise" refers to the direction in which the vehicle moves on the road surface, the term "widthwise" refers to the direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction, and the term "horizontal" refers to the lengthwise and / or widthwise direction.

[0027] <<Connected structure of precast concrete slabs>> Fig. 1 shows one embodiment of a precast concrete slab connection structure of the present invention, and Fig. 2 shows one embodiment of a precast concrete slab used in the precast concrete slab connection structure of the present invention.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1, the precast concrete slab connecting structure 100 includes a first precast concrete slab 11, a second precast concrete slab 12, and a connecting device 20 connecting them, and the connecting device 20 may have a first outer fixing portion 21a and a first inner fixing portion 21b on the first precast concrete slab 11, and may also have a second outer fixing portion 22a and a second inner fixing portion 22b on the second precast concrete slab 12.

[0029] The four fixing portions of the connector 20, i.e., the first outer fixing portion 21a, the first inner fixing portion 21b, the second outer fixing portion 22a, and the second inner fixing portion 22b, are aligned substantially horizontally along the length. This prevents the precast concrete slab from sinking even when a downward load is applied to the precast concrete slab. Here, "the fixing portions are aligned substantially horizontally" means that there is no significant difference in their vertical positions. However, differences in their vertical positions may occur as long as the advantageous effects of this embodiment are achieved. For example, the difference in vertical position between the outer fixing portions 21a, 22a and the inner fixing portions 21b, 22b may be 5.0 cm or less, 3.0 cm or less, 2.0 cm or less, 1.0 cm or less, or 0.5 cm or less.

[0030] However, the number of fixing portions of the connector 20 is not limited to this embodiment as long as there are at least two fixing portions on each of the first and second precast concrete slabs 11, 12. For example, three fixing portions may be arranged in a triangular shape on each of the first and second precast concrete slabs 11, 12, three fixing portions may be arranged in a row approximately horizontally in the length direction, or four or more fixing portions may be present. However, in order to balance the ease of handling during the connecting operation and the strength, it is preferable that there are two fixing portions of the connector 20 on each of the first and second precast concrete slabs 11, 12.

[0031] In this embodiment, the connector 20 is housed in first and second recesses 11c, 12c formed on the longitudinal side surfaces of the first and second precast concrete slabs 11, 12. This embodiment prevents damage to people, vehicles, and the like passing by the side of the connected structure. Therefore, the depth of the first and second recesses 11c, 12c is preferably such that the connector 20 does not protrude from the side surfaces of the first and second precast concrete slabs 11, 12. For example, the depth of the first and second recesses 11c, 12c in the width direction of the first and second precast concrete slabs 11, 12 may be 0.5 cm or more, 1.0 cm or more, 2.0 cm or more, or 3.0 cm or more, or 10.0 cm or less, 5.0 cm or less, or 3.0 cm or less.

[0032] As shown in Figure 1, one longitudinal end of the first recess 11c is the longitudinal end of the first precast concrete slab 11. The same is true for the second recess 12c. Furthermore, the first recess 11c and the second recess 12c have substantially the same depth in the width direction over substantially their entirety. This allows the connecting plate 23 to be positioned along the length of the first and second precast concrete slabs 11, 12.

[0033] 1, the other longitudinal end of the first recess 11c extends to a position halfway along the length of the first precast concrete slab 11, but it may also extend to the other longitudinal end of the first precast concrete slab 11. However, by having the other longitudinal end of the first recess 11c extend to a position halfway along the length of the first precast concrete slab 11 and the other longitudinal end of the second recess 12c extend to a position halfway along the length of the second precast concrete slab 12, the connecting plate 23 can extend over substantially the entire area of ​​the first recess 11c and the second recess 12c.

[0034] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the downward end of the first recess 11c formed in the first precast concrete slab 11 coincides with the downward end of the first precast concrete slab 11, and the upward end of the first recess 11c extends to a position partway up the first precast concrete slab 11. The same is true for the second recess 12c. As a result, the connecting plate 23 fits into the first recess 11c and the second recess 12c, and the connecting plate 23, in addition to the four fixing parts, can prevent the first and second precast concrete slabs 11, 12 from sinking.

[0035] The area of ​​the first recess 11c and the second recess 12c extending in the length direction and the vertical direction is, for example, 10 cm 2 More than 30cm 2 More than 50cm 2 or more, or 100cm 2 It may be more than 500cm 2 Below, 300cm 2 Below, 200cm 2 or less, or 100cm 2 It may be the following:

[0036] In this embodiment, all of the fixing parts of the connectors 20 are fixed with fixing bolts, but this is not limiting. However, fixing with fixing bolts is advantageous because it allows the precast concrete slabs to be released from the connection and the height of the precast concrete slabs to be adjusted, moved, etc., even after they have been connected to form a connected structure.

[0037] Figure 2 shows the precast concrete slab 10 with the connector 20 of Figure 1 removed. A recess 10c is formed in the precast concrete slab 10, and an outer receiving portion 10a and an inner receiving portion 10b are provided to receive the outer fixing portion and the inner fixing portion. The outer receiving portion 10a and the inner receiving portion 10b may be embedded nuts, for example, when the fixing portion is a fixing bolt.

[0038] A joint material 30 is inserted between the first and second precast concrete slabs 11, 12. The joint material 30 is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a cushioning material, but for example, a foamed resin sheet can be used.

[0039] Precast concrete panel As shown in Figure 2, a precast concrete slab 10 has unevenness on its upper surface that resembles an uneven road surface. Figure 3 shows an actual photograph of one embodiment of a precast concrete slab having unevenness like an uneven road surface. As shown in Figure 3, the unevenness like an uneven road surface is formed only over a portion of the width and length of the precast concrete slab, with one recess or protrusion being formed over a range of, for example, 10 mm to 100 mm or 20 mm to 80 mm in the width and length directions, respectively.

[0040] The unevenness of the uneven road surface has a height appropriate for an uneven road surface used on a test course. For example, the maximum height of the unevenness of the uneven road surface can be 10 mm or more, 15 mm or more, 20 mm or more, 25 mm or more, or 30 mm or more, and can be 100 mm or less, 80 mm or less, 50 mm or less, 40 mm or less, or 30 mm or less. Here, the maximum height of the unevenness of the uneven road surface is determined by the difference between the highest point in the upward direction and the lowest point in the downward direction of the unevenness waveform data obtained by measuring the uneven road surface reproduced with a 3D laser scanner.

[0041] The surface of the precast concrete slab 10 may have fine irregularities. Figure 4 is an enlarged photograph of Figure 3, showing the fine irregularities of the precast concrete slab. Even if an uneven road surface is formed by faithfully reproducing the shape of an uneven road surface using a precast concrete slab, differences may occur in performance tests between an actual uneven road surface and an uneven road surface created by a precast concrete slab. It has been found that by providing fine irregularities on the surface of the precast concrete slab 10, differences in performance tests are less likely to occur. The fine irregularities are not particularly limited as long as they can provide the tires of a vehicle used in the performance test with an appropriate friction force equivalent to that of an actual uneven road surface and / or a small input to the tires from the fine irregularities on the road surface.

[0042] Examples of such roughening treatments include well-known roughening treatments such as the broom-like finish formed on concrete pavement, wash-out finish, cutting, aggregate paint coating, and shot blasting, and it is preferable that the surface of the precast concrete slab have the same irregularities as those formed by such roughening treatments. Among these, it is particularly preferable that the surface of the precast concrete slab 10 have the same irregularities as a broom-like finish.

[0043] The average depth of such fine irregularities may be less than 5 mm, 3 mm or less, 2 mm or less, or 1 mm or less, or may be 0.1 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, 1.0 mm or more, or 1.5 mm or more. Here, the average depth of fine irregularities is measured using a method that conforms to the "Method for measuring the texture depth of pavement surfaces using sand (sand patching method)" in the Pavement Survey and Test Method Handbook (Japan Road Association), but if measurement using this method is inappropriate, it can also be determined using a multi-road profiler or CT meter.

[0044] The width dimension of the precast concrete slab 10 may be 0.5 m or more, 1.0 m or more, or 1.5 m or more, and may be 5.0 m or less, 3.0 m or less, or 2.0 m or less. The length dimension of the precast concrete slab 10 may be 2.0 m or more, 3.0 m or more, or 4.0 m or more, and may be 10.0 m or less, 8.0 m or less, or 5.0 m or less.

[0045] The precast concrete slabs can be used as a surface layer material for an uneven road test course, and can constitute an uneven road surface including the surface layer material and a base layer. In this specification, "used as a surface layer material for an uneven road test course" means that it can be used as a surface layer material for an uneven road test course. On the other hand, the present invention also relates to a method for using such precast concrete slabs as a surface layer material for an uneven road test course.

[0046] <<Manufacturing method of precast concrete slabs>> The manufacturing method of the present invention is a method for obtaining the precast concrete slabs and connecting structures described above. Therefore, for the respective configurations of the precast concrete slabs and connecting structures obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention, reference can be made to the respective configurations of the precast concrete slabs and connecting structures described above.

[0047] Figure 5 shows a flowchart of one embodiment of a method for manufacturing a precast concrete slab, a connecting structure, and an uneven road surface. Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the surface material installation step S3 in the manufacturing method.

[0048] The method for manufacturing a precast concrete slab of the present invention includes a measurement step S1 for measuring the shape of an existing uneven road surface, and a surface material manufacturing step S2 for manufacturing a precast concrete slab to be used as a surface material based on the three-dimensional data obtained in the measurement step.The method for manufacturing an uneven road surface of the present invention also includes a surface material installation step S3 for installing the surface material on a base layer.

[0049] <Measurement process S1> In the measurement process S1 for measuring the shape of an existing uneven road surface, first, a first three-dimensional data acquisition process S1a is performed in which the shape of the existing uneven road surface is divided into a plurality of blocks, and each of the divided blocks is measured using a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain first three-dimensional data.

[0050] The 3D laser scanner used here is a measuring device commonly used in this field that can obtain the 3D coordinates of the surface shape by radiating a laser beam radially onto the object to be measured. The laser allows for high-speed, non-contact measurement, resulting in high-density, planar point cloud data. The 3D coordinates can be calculated from the distance to the object to be measured, which is determined from the laser reflection time, and the irradiation angle. The data obtained by the 3D laser scanner can be adjusted to avoid excessive measurement precision, or the obtained data can be corrected, so that fine roughness on the uneven road surface can be ignored and only the shape of the unevenness can be reproduced.

[0051] The division of the shape of an existing rough road surface into multiple blocks can be performed virtually. For example, the shape of an existing rough road surface can be divided into 20 m intervals, 10 m intervals, 5 m intervals, or 3 m intervals in the length direction, and measured with a 3D laser scanner to obtain first 3D data. On the other hand, the shape of the rough road surface in the width direction may or may not be divided and measured. Since the accuracy of the first 3D data decreases at positions far from the 3D laser scanner, dividing the shape into the above-mentioned ranges and measuring it can make the first 3D data relatively accurate.

[0052] The measurement step S1 further includes a reference point setting step S1b in which at least one measurement reference point is set for each of the divided blocks. The reference point setting step S1b may be performed before the first three-dimensional data acquisition step S1a, and three-dimensional data may be acquired in the first three-dimensional data acquisition step S1a for the set measurement reference point. Alternatively, the reference point setting step S1b may be performed after the first three-dimensional data acquisition step S1a, and a point in the three-dimensional data acquired by a three-dimensional laser scanner may be defined as the measurement reference point.

[0053] Measurement reference points can be set on the boundaries of the divided blocks of the uneven road surface. For example, if the shape of an existing uneven road surface is divided lengthwise into two blocks, a first block and a second block, the first block and the second block will have the same boundary line on the plane defined by the width and top / bottom directions. At least one measurement reference point can be set on this boundary line, and 3D data can be acquired at that measurement reference point using a 3D laser scanner or other method, and the data can be corrected. The corrected data from the measurement reference point on the boundary can then be used as common 3D data for each divided block, thereby reducing the number of measurements required to obtain the second 3D data. Furthermore, even if the shape of an existing uneven road surface is divided into multiple small blocks and measured, 3D data of the existing uneven road surface can be acquired with high accuracy even at the divided surfaces.

[0054] The measurement step S1 may further include a second three-dimensional data acquisition step S1c in which the three-dimensional shape is measured at at least one set measurement reference point using a method other than the three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain second three-dimensional data. Here, the method other than the three-dimensional laser scanner is not particularly limited as long as it can measure three-dimensional data with high accuracy, and may be, for example, measurement using a leveling instrument, which can perform simple and highly accurate measurements.

[0055] The inventors of the present invention have noticed that when trying to reproduce an uneven road surface, the reproduction accuracy may be reduced. Because the unevenness of the uneven road surface is not that large, this reduction in reproduction accuracy is not very noticeable, but it is not negligible from the viewpoint of extremely faithfully reproducing an existing uneven road surface.

[0056] The inventors then conducted extensive research into this issue, investigating whether the problem was due to the accuracy of measurements of existing uneven road surfaces, the inability to accurately create molds from measurement data, the inability to accurately manufacture surface material from molds, or the accuracy of installation of the surface material on the base layer. As a result, they found that the biggest factor was the accuracy of measurements of existing uneven road surfaces.

[0057] In particular, the accuracy of the reproduced rough road surface tends to be lower at positions farther away from the 3D laser scanner used to measure the existing rough road surface. It was also found that when the shape of the existing rough road surface is divided into multiple pieces along its length and the resulting 3D data is combined, 3D data that is combined while retaining errors along the length will result in large errors as it is combined multiple times.

[0058] To address this issue, we found that accuracy could be significantly improved by obtaining the first 3D data using a 3D laser scanner, then measuring the 3D shape using a method different from that of the 3D laser scanner to obtain the second 3D data, and then correcting the first 3D data with this second 3D data.

[0059] Examples of leveling instruments include level surveying instruments that combine a tripod and a staff to directly observe the difference in elevation between points; theodolite surveying instruments that use a lens to view a target and rotate it horizontally and vertically to measure the horizontal and vertical angles from a reference point; and total station surveying instruments that combine an optical distance meter and a theodolite to simultaneously measure angle and distance.

[0060] In the measurement step S1, a three-dimensional data correction step S1d can be performed in which the first three-dimensional data is corrected using the second three-dimensional data. Here, since the first three-dimensional data obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanner may contain errors, the second three-dimensional data obtained by a leveling instrument or the like can be treated as correct data at the measurement reference point.

[0061] In the three-dimensional data correction step S1d, the first three-dimensional data that has not been replaced by the second three-dimensional data can be corrected in accordance with the distance from the origin to the measurement reference point.

[0062] For example, for the first block divided lengthwise into 10-meter intervals, the Z-axis value at the origin is (0.000), while the value measured by the 3D laser scanner at a point 10 meters away is (0.102). If the value measured at 10 meters away using a method other than the 3D laser scanner is (0.100), the true value can be evaluated as (0.002) in absolute terms at 10 meters, or as a percentage error of 2%. If the measurement result measured 5 meters away from the origin using the 3D laser scanner is (0.312), we can assume that the absolute error is half the error at 10 meters, and correct the measurement result at 5 meters away by half of (0.002), or (0.001), to obtain (0.311). Alternatively, we can assume that there is an error of 1%, or half of 2%, and correct the measurement result at 5 meters away to (0.30888). In this way, the first three-dimensional data other than the measurement reference point can be corrected little by little in accordance with the distance from the origin to the measurement reference point.

[0063] When multiple measurement reference points are set in one block, any reasonable method can be used to correct the errors. For example, in a 10-meter-long block, if the Z-axis values ​​of the first three-dimensional data at the origin, 5 meters ahead, and 10 meters ahead are (0.000), (0.312), and (0.102), respectively, and the Z-axis values ​​of the second three-dimensional data are (0.000), (0.310), and (0.101), respectively, the Z-axis values ​​can be corrected by (0.0004) per meter from the origin up to 5 meters ahead, and by (0.0002) per meter from 5 meters ahead to 10 meters ahead. These correction methods can be implemented relatively easily through programming.

[0064] <Surface material manufacturing process S2> After the above measurement step, a surface layer material manufacturing step S2 is carried out, in which a precast concrete slab to be used for the surface layer material is manufactured based on the obtained three-dimensional data. The method for manufacturing the surface layer material is not particularly limited as long as it is a method that uses three-dimensional data, and a 3D printer or the like can be used, but typically includes a mold manufacturing step S2a in which a mold for reproducing the shape of the existing uneven road surface is manufactured using the three-dimensional data, and a surface layer material forming step S2b in which the mold is used to form a precast concrete slab having the uneven shape.

[0065] The fine irregularities on the surface of the precast concrete slab may be formed by roughening the mold surface to transfer the fine irregularities, or by roughening the surface of a precast concrete slab obtained using an unroughened mold. The roughening of the mold may be performed simultaneously with the mold fabrication, or may be performed on the mold fabricated after the mold is fabricated. Therefore, the mold roughening step S2a' may be performed after or simultaneously with the mold fabrication step S2a, followed by the surface layer material forming step S2b. Alternatively, the surface layer material forming step S2b may be performed after the mold fabrication step S2a, followed by the surface roughening step S2b', in which the surface layer material is roughened.

[0066] In the mold creation step S2a, for example, the three-dimensional data obtained in the measurement step S1 is converted into mold processing data, and then the mold processing data can be used to three-dimensionally cut foamed resin or the like. However, in the mold creation step S2a, the means for creating a mold having the inverse shape of the rough road surface to be reproduced is not particularly limited. For example, a 3D printer may be used to create a mold having the inverse shape of the rough road surface.

[0067] In the mold making step S2a, the mold of the rough road surface to be reproduced can be made by dividing it in the length direction and / or width direction. In this case, the size of the divided length and / or width may be the same as or different from the size of the blocks divided in the measuring step S1.

[0068] If the surface material forming process S2b and the roughening treatment process S2b' are performed after the mold making process S2a, the surface material can be formed in the surface material forming process S2b using the same process as that used to manufacture a normal precast concrete slab, except that the mold obtained in the mold making process S2a is used.

[0069] For example, the surface layer forming step S2b can be performed by placing the mold obtained in the mold preparation step S2a in a steel formwork, pouring concrete into the steel formwork, and curing the concrete to form the surface layer. In this case, the mold obtained in the mold preparation step S2a is placed in the steel formwork so that the surface having the uneven inverted shape faces upward. Furthermore, the steel formwork can be configured to form the surface layer as reinforced concrete by placing reinforcing bars in the steel formwork. Furthermore, the steel formwork may be configured to form injection holes in the surface layer for injecting the grout material described below and / or to allow connectors to be installed in the surface layer to connect the divided surface layer pieces.

[0070] In the surface layer material forming step S2b, the surface layer material for the reproduced uneven road surface can be divided in the length direction and / or width direction. In this case, the size of the divided length and / or width may be the same as or different from the size of the blocks divided in the measurement step S1 and / or the size of the mold divided and made in the mold making step S2a. For example, a single surface layer material may be formed by laying multiple divided molds inside a formwork made of steel or the like. The size of the divided surface layer material can be determined taking into account factors such as transportation to the construction site.

[0071] In the surface roughening step S2b', the surface of the precast concrete slab can be roughened by known surface roughening treatments such as cutting, coating with paint containing aggregate, shot blasting, etc., to form a finely textured surface.

[0072] When the mold surface roughening step S2a' and the surface layer material forming step S2b are performed after the mold preparation step S2a, the surface of the mold on which the surface of the surface layer material is formed can be roughened. The mold surface roughening step S2a' can be performed, for example, by constructing the surface of the mold on which the surface of the surface layer material is formed from a resin such as polystyrene foam, and then cutting the surface of the resin such as polystyrene foam using a machining center.

[0073] Furthermore, when the mold roughening process S2a' is carried out simultaneously with the mold fabrication process S2a, the surface is made of a resin such as polystyrene foam, and by adjusting the drill diameter of the machining center, it is possible to cut even fine irregularities while cutting unevenness like a road surface into the surface of the resin such as polystyrene foam.

[0074] Figure 7 shows a photograph of the polystyrene foam mold used to manufacture the precast concrete slab that will form the surface of the surface layer. Figure 8 is an enlarged photograph of Figure 7, showing the minute irregularities of the polystyrene foam mold that was machined using a machining center.

[0075] The machining center can be controlled to form irregularities on the mold, as well as fine irregularities. The blades, conditions, etc. can be appropriately set by a person skilled in the art.

[0076] In the surface layer material forming step S2b, the surface layer material can be formed by the same steps as those used to manufacture a normal precast concrete slab, except that the mold obtained in the mold surface roughening treatment step S2a' is used.

[0077] <Surface material installation process S3> In the present invention, after the surface layer manufacturing step S2, a surface layer installation step S3 is performed in which a surface layer is installed on the base layer. The surface layer installation step S3 is not particularly limited as long as the surface layer is installed so as to reproduce an existing uneven road surface. For example, the surface layer installation step S3 may include a height adjustment step S3a in which a height adjuster is installed between the base layer and the surface layer to adjust the height; a backup material installation step S3b in which a backup material is installed at an outer position in the width direction and length direction of the plane on which the surface layer of the base layer is placed; a grout material injection step S3c in which grout material is injected between the base layer and the surface layer; a grout material hardening step S3d in which the injected grout material is hardened; and a surface layer connection step S3e in which each surface layer is connected in the length direction.

[0078] 6 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the surface layer installation step S3. In this embodiment, two surface layer materials 15, 16 are installed adjacent to each other with a widthwise separation therebetween on the base layer 101. Although not shown, the two surface layer materials 15, 16 are also installed adjacent to each other without a longitudinal separation therebetween. The two surface layer materials 15, 16 can be installed so that the two tires of a vehicle pass over each of the surface layer materials 15, 16.

[0079] In the initial state, the heights of the surface layers 15, 16 on the base layer 101 are not the same, so in the height adjustment step S3a, the heights of the surface layers 15, 16 on the base layer 101 are adjusted by height adjusters 31, 32. Here, two height adjusters 31, 32 are installed in the width direction between the base layer 101 and the two surface layers 15, 16, respectively. However, the surface layers 15, 16 can also be divided into multiple sections and arranged in the length direction, and multiple height adjusters 31, 32 can also be arranged in the length direction on one surface layer. In this height adjustment step S3a, the heights of the surface layers 15, 16 are adjusted to be the same.

[0080] In the backup material installation step S3b, backup materials 41, 42 are installed on the base layer 101 at widthwise outer positions of the surface layer materials 15, 16. A sponge-like porous resin material can be used as the backup materials 41, 42. The backup materials 41, 42 may be installed at widthwise and lengthwise outer positions of the surface layer materials 15, 16, or the sponge-like backup materials 41, 42 may be installed by being pressed between the surface layer materials 15, 16 and the base layer 101. The backup materials 41, 42 do not need to surround each individual surface layer material 15, 16, but can surround multiple surface layer materials 15, 16 collectively.

[0081] In the grout injection step S3c, grout 50a is injected between the base layer 101 and the surface layer materials 15, 16. Note that during injection, backup materials 41, 42 may be placed at the injection position without being installed, and the backup materials 41, 42 may be installed after injection. Examples of grout include mortar. The injection position of grout 50a is not particularly limited, and it may be injected through a grout injection hole provided at the end of the surface layer materials 15, 16, or may be injected from between the two surface layer materials 15, 16.

[0082] In this embodiment, the grout material 50a is injected between the two surface layer materials 15, 16, but it is also possible to place backup material between the two surface layer materials 15, 16 in the width and length directions, and inject the grout material 50a at another position, for example, through the grout material injection hole as described above.

[0083] The presence of the backup materials 41, 42 allows the grout material 50a to have a relatively low viscosity, which prevents the grout material 50a injected between the base layer 101 and the surface layer materials 15, 16 from leaking out, and therefore allows the grout material 50a to be injected between the base layer 101 and the surface layer materials 15, 16 without any gaps.

[0084] Furthermore, it is preferable that the height adjusters 31, 32 are configured so that the height of the surface layer materials 15, 16 can be finely adjusted even after the grout material 50a has hardened. The configuration of such height adjusters 31, 32 is not particularly limited, but by using jack-type height adjusters 31, 32 and filling the threads of the jack with grease, the height of the height adjusters 31, 32 can be easily adjusted even after the grout material 50a has hardened. This makes it possible to correct even if the connected surface layer materials 15, 16 are slightly tilted in the longitudinal direction.

[0085] Finally, the injected grout material 50a is hardened in the grout material hardening step S3d, thereby obtaining the surface layer materials 15, 16 fixed to the base layer 101 by the hardened grout material 50b, thereby reproducing an uneven road surface. Note that in Fig. 6, the backup materials 41, 42 are not removed in the grout material hardening step S3d, but they may be removed in this grout material hardening step S3d.

[0086] In the surface layer connecting step S3e, the surface layers 15, 16 can be connected with connectors 20. This step can be performed between any of the above steps, or can also be performed in the grout hardening step S3d. Note that the connectors 20 of the surface layers 15, 16 extend in the longitudinal direction and are therefore not shown in FIG. 6. [Explanation of symbols]

[0087] 10, 11, 12, 15, 16...Precast concrete slab (surface material) 10a, 10b...receiving part 10c, 11c, 12c...Concave 20...Connector 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b...Fixed part 23...Connecting plate 30...Joint material 31,32...Height adjuster 41, 42...Back-up material 50a, 50b...Grout material 100…Connected structure 101...Base layer

Claims

1. A precast concrete slab connection structure including a first precast concrete slab, a second precast concrete slab, and a connector connecting the first and second precast concrete slabs, the connector has at least two fixing portions in recesses formed in the sides of the first and second precast concrete slabs, respectively, and the two fixing portions are positioned side by side in a horizontal direction; and The lower end of the recess is the lower end of the first and second precast concrete slabs, and the upper end of the recess is midway up the first and second precast concrete slabs. A connecting structure of precast concrete slabs used in paving.

2. 2. The precast concrete slab connection structure according to claim 1, wherein the first and second precast concrete slabs have unevenness similar to that of an uneven road surface.

3. The precast concrete slab connection structure according to claim 1 , wherein each pair of the fixing portions are positioned substantially horizontally side by side.

4. the connector includes a connecting plate and at least four fastening bolts that fasten the connecting plate to the first and second precast concrete slabs; and 2. The connection structure of precast concrete slabs according to claim 1, wherein the connection plate extends over substantially the entire area of ​​the recesses formed in the side surfaces of the first and second precast concrete slabs.

5. 2. The precast concrete slab connection structure according to claim 1, further comprising a joint material between the first and second precast concrete slabs.

6. A connecting structure of precast concrete slabs as described in Claim 5, wherein the joint material is a foamed resin sheet.

7. An uneven road surface comprising a base layer and the precast concrete slab connecting structure of claim 1 as a surface layer material.

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