Building materials and structures

Abstract

To provide a building material and a building structure to which a sheet-like member can be attached more firmly with less hindrance to reattachment work. [Solution] The building material comprises two juxtaposed ridges 10 and a flat section 20 formed between the two ridges 10, and each of the two ridges 10 has an undercut section 11 recessed inside the ridges 10 at the connection point with the flat section 20, into which the end of the solar cell panel PV is inserted. The building materials are connected by rod-shaped members R so that the ridges 10 overlap each other.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to building materials and building structures. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, solar panels for generating solar power are sometimes installed on the roofs of buildings. However, some building roofs have ridges extending in the direction of inclination to ensure rigidity, etc. When installing solar panels on roofing materials with such ridges, it is known to install a mounting frame to form a flat surface (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

[0003] However, when using a mounting frame, in addition to the problem of cost, the frame must be firmly attached to the roof to prevent it from coming off due to wind blowing between the frame and the roof. Therefore, if the roof has a certain degree of flat surface, it is being considered to adhere the solar panel to the flat surface (see Patent Document 3). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2023-153673 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-163978 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-76585 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] When adopting the technology of Patent Document 3, it is important to prevent wind from blowing between the solar panel and the roof for a long period of time, and the solar panel must be firmly attached to the roof. However, the service life of a solar panel is generally short compared to the service life of a roof, and the service life of the flexible perovskite solar panel developed in recent years is particularly short. This means that the solar panel must be removed from the roof and then reattached.

[0006] However, because solar panels are firmly attached to the roof, removing them requires a great deal of effort, and unless any remaining adhesive is thoroughly removed, it becomes difficult to firmly attach the next solar panel.

[0007] This problem is not limited to solar panels, but is a common issue when installing other sheet-like components including plates, sheets, and films, such as solar reflective sheets, heat shielding sheets, heat collection panels, photocatalyst and other artificial photosynthesis panels, desalination panels, and water purification panels, as long as their useful life is shorter than that of roofing materials. In other words, the above problem is common to all sheet-like components, whether they utilize the sun, are intended to block the sun, or are installed for other purposes.

[0008] Furthermore, the above problem is not limited to roofing materials, but is also a common problem when attaching sheet-like members that have a shorter service life than other building materials such as walls, eaves, shutters, door pockets, dormers, and fog screens.

[0009] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a building material and a building structure to which sheet-like members can be attached more firmly with less hindrance to reattachment work. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The construction material according to the present disclosure has two parallel protrusions and a flat portion formed between the two protrusions. is formed by an integral plate material, and one of the two protrusions can be arranged to overlap the other of the two protrusions of another building material. A building material, wherein the two ridges are: The one of the two protrusions of the other building material is placed on top of the other one.Each of the protrusions has an undercut portion recessed inside the connecting portion with the flat portion, into which an end of the sheet-like member is inserted.

[0011] In addition, the architectural structure according to the present disclosure comprises the above-mentioned building material, a sheet-like member that is provided on the flat portion with its ends inserted into the undercut portions of each of the two protrusions of the building material, and a press-fit member that is pressed between the undercut portions and the sheet-like member, or a caulking agent that is filled between them. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a building material or architectural structure to which a sheet-like member can be attached more firmly with less hindrance to reattachment work. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing a building material according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a side view of the building material shown in FIG. [Figure 3] 1 is a diagram showing a building structure including a building material according to a first embodiment. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are partially enlarged side views of a building material according to a first embodiment, in which (a) shows one of the ridges, and (b) shows the other of the ridges. [Figure 5] 5 is a side view showing an example of the press-fitting member shown in FIG. 4. FIG. [Figure 6] 5 is a side view showing a modified example of the undercut portion shown in FIG. 4. FIG. [Figure 7] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing the configuration of an architectural structure according to a second embodiment, in which (a) is a side view and (b) is a perspective view showing a partial configuration of (a). [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a presser fitting according to a modified example. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a side view showing a building material according to a first modified example. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a side view showing a building material according to a second modified example. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a solar cell panel installed on a building material according to a second modified example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present disclosure will be described below in accordance with preferred embodiments. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown below and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, in the embodiments shown below, some configurations are omitted from illustration and description, but it goes without saying that publicly known or well-known technologies are applied as appropriate to the details of the omitted technologies within the scope of the content described below.

[0015] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a building material according to a first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a side view of the building material shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is an architectural structure including the building material according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the building material 1 is, for example, a roofing material that is installed on a sloped structure at the top of a building, and is configured as a so-called sandwich panel that includes a metal plate M and an insulating material I. That is, the building material 1 is formed by bending the metal plate M into a predetermined shape so as to cover the periphery of the insulating material I, and the insulating material I is positioned within the space S formed by the bent metal plate M, thereby forming a roughly plate-like structure of a predetermined thickness.

[0016] Such a building material 1 has two ridges 10 and a flat portion 20 formed by bending a metal plate M. The two ridges 10 are portions that protrude upward from the roughly plate-shaped building material 1. When the building material 1 is used in an inclined structure at the top of a building, the two ridges 10 are arranged in parallel along the inclination direction as shown in Figure 1. The two ridges 10 are formed at a predetermined interval in the width direction perpendicular to the inclination direction to ensure the rigidity of the building material 1 and to reduce the risk of rainwater entering through the insertion holes for the rod-shaped members R described below. The two ridges 10 are roughly trapezoidal in shape, tapering upward, when viewed from the side as shown in Figure 2.

[0017] As shown in Fig. 2, the building material 1 has two protrusions 10, one of which is filled with insulating material I, and the other is not filled with insulating material I and is made up of a single metal plate M. The building material 1 is arranged so that the other protrusion 10b, which is a single metal plate M shown in Figs. 2 and 3, overlaps with the one protrusion 10a filled with insulating material I. In addition, in this arranged state, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the building material 1 is firmly connected by inserting a rod-shaped member R such as a piece of tex into one of the protrusions 10a from above the one metal plate M, which is the other protrusion 10b.

[0018] As shown in Fig. 1, some of the rod-shaped members R, namely, rod-shaped members Ra, are long enough to extend to the building's framework F. Therefore, the building material 1 is not only connected by the rod-shaped members Ra, but is also firmly fixed to the building itself.

[0019] While the building material 1 shown in FIG. 2 is constructed by bending one metal plate M, it may also be constructed by bending and welding two or more metal plates M together. The building material 1 is not limited to the metal plate M, and may be constructed from a resin plate or a wooden plate if possible. Furthermore, the building material 1 is not limited to one that includes a heat insulating material I. In addition, the building material 1 may be one that is placed on top of another building material already placed on top of the building. In this case, some of the rod-shaped members Ra only need to be long enough to reach at least the other building material.

[0020] 3, the architectural structure 100 is, for example, a roof structure, and further includes a solar cell panel (sheet-like member) PV. The solar cell panel PV may be a rigid one with a predetermined thickness, or may be a film-like one such as a perovskite solar cell panel, and its thickness is not an issue. The solar cell panel PV is provided on a flat portion 20 formed between two ridges 10.

[0021] 4A and 4B are enlarged side views of a portion of the architectural structure 100 according to the first embodiment, in which (a) shows one of the ridges 10a and (b) shows the other of the ridges 10b. As shown in FIG. 4A, one of the ridges 10a has an undercut portion 11 recessed inward of the ridge 10a at the connection portion with the flat portion 20. As shown in FIG. 4B, the other of the ridges 10b has an undercut portion 11 recessed inward of the ridge 10b at the connection portion with the flat portion 20. The two undercut portions 11 formed on each of the ridges 10 are symmetrical in the width direction, for example, but are not limited to this.

[0022] The undercut portion 11 of each of these two protrusions 10 is for inserting the end of the solar cell panel PV. Therefore, the solar cell panel PV inserted into the undercut portion 11 is less likely to come off upward, especially if the solar cell panel PV has rigidity. Specifically, the undercut portion 11 preferably has a depth (recessed length in the width direction) of 5 mm or more, and is configured so that the end of the solar cell panel PV can be inserted 3 mm or more.

[0023] Additionally, the architectural structure 100 according to the first embodiment is equipped with a press-in member P. The press-in member P is, for example, a bead (a ridge) made of an elastically deformable material (e.g., rubber). The press-in member P is preferably configured to be long so as to correspond to the length of the undercut portion 11 that is continuously formed in the inclined direction along the ridge 10. There is no particular restriction on the shape of this press-in member P as long as it functions to press the solar cell panel PV against the flat portion 20 in the undercut portion 11, but it is preferable that the press-in member P has a return portion as shown in FIG. 5.

[0024] Fig. 5 is a side view showing an example of the press-fit member P shown in Fig. 4. As shown in Fig. 5, the press-fit member P has a return portion P1 that is inclined in the direction of press-fitting into the undercut portion 11 and has a pointed shape on the open side of the undercut portion 11. Such return portion P1 has the function of preventing the press-fit member P from easily coming off when a force is applied to the press-fit member P to remove it from the undercut portion 11.

[0025] Furthermore, the material of the press-fit member P is not limited, and it may be a metal or resin spring, or a rubber seal using a metal or resin spring.

[0026] Fig. 6 is a side view showing a modified example of the undercut portion 11 shown in Fig. 4. The undercut portion 11 shown in Fig. 4 has the largest opening area at the entrance 11a, and the opening area decreases toward the deepest bottom portion 11b. In contrast, the undercut portion 11 according to the modified example shown in Fig. 6 has a curved structure in which the upper wall 11c bends upward, and has a portion 11d where the gap between the portion 11d and the flat portion 20 is larger than that of the entrance 11a. With this structure, when the press-fit member P is press-fitted up to the portion 11d, the entrance 11a is narrower than the portion 11d, so that the press-fit member P is prevented from easily coming off.

[0027] Here, the member that holds down the solar cell panel PV in the undercut portion 11 is not limited to the press-in member P, but may be a caulking agent. This is because the caulking agent is removable but does not come off easily, and exerts the same effect as the press-in member P.

[0028] Next, a method for manufacturing the architectural structure 100 according to the first embodiment, that is, the manner in which a worker works, will be described. First, a plurality of building materials 1 are prepared. Next, the worker places the plurality of building materials 1 on the framework F while aligning the protrusions 10 of the building materials 1 with each other.

[0029] Thereafter, the worker connects the construction materials 1 together with rod-shaped members R. At this time, the worker uses some long rod-shaped members Ra to connect the construction materials 1 together and fix the construction materials 1 to the framework F.

[0030] Thereafter, the worker inserts the solar cell panel PV into the undercut portions 11 formed in the two protrusions 10 of the building material 1. If the solar cell panel PV is a film, the worker inserts the end of the solar cell panel PV into the undercut portion 11 from the width direction. If the solar cell panel PV is rigid, the worker inserts the end of the solar cell panel PV into the undercut portion 11, for example, by sliding it from an oblique direction.

[0031] Thereafter, the worker inserts the press-in member P into the gap between the upper wall 11c of the undercut portion 11 and the solar cell panel PV. Note that the worker may use a caulking agent instead of the press-in member P.

[0032] Furthermore, in such an architectural structure 100, the solar cell panel PV can be removed relatively easily by removing the press-in member P or removing the solidified caulking agent.

[0033] Thus, in the building material 1 according to the first embodiment, each of the two ridges 10 has an undercut portion 11 at the connection portion with the flat portion 20. This makes it possible to fit the solar cell panel PV into the undercut portion 11 of each of the two ridges 10, reducing the need for strong adhesion with adhesive. This makes it possible to provide a building material 1 that does not require a great deal of effort to remove the solar cell panel PV or to remove any remaining adhesive, poses fewer obstacles to re-installation work, and allows for a more secure installation of the solar cell panel PV.

[0034] Moreover, it is preferable that the undercut portion 11 has a portion 11d where the gap between the undercut portion 11 and the flat portion 20 is larger than the gap at the entrance 11a. Therefore, for example, if a press-in member P is press-fitted between the undercut portion 11 and the solar cell panel PV or if a caulking agent is filled in the gap, the press-in member P and the caulking agent will not easily come off. Therefore, it is possible to provide a building material 1 that allows the solar cell panel PV to be attached more firmly.

[0035] Furthermore, the architectural structure 100 according to the first embodiment comprises the above-mentioned building material 1, the solar cell panel PV, and a press-in member P or a caulking agent. Therefore, the solar cell panel PV is inserted into the undercut portion 11 of the building material 1 and then secured with the press-in member P or the caulking agent. This allows both ends of the solar cell panel PV to be held down without using adhesive, reducing the need for adhesive. In addition, the press-in member P and the caulking agent are easier to remove than adhesive. Therefore, peeling off the solar cell panel PV and removing any adhesive residue are less likely to require a great deal of effort. Therefore, it is possible to provide an architectural structure 100 that allows the solar cell panel PV to be attached more securely with fewer hindrances to re-attachment work.

[0036] In addition, since both ends of the solar cell panel PV can be held down with the press-in member P or caulking agent while the solar cell panel PV is in contact with the flat surface 20 of the building material 1, it is easy to ensure airtightness between the solar cell panel PV and the building material 1. This makes it possible to prevent wind from entering the back side of the solar cell panel PV.

[0037] Next, a second embodiment will be described. The architectural structure according to the second embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment, but has some differences in configuration. The following description will focus on the differences. In the following description, elements that are the same as or similar to those in the first embodiment will be given the same reference numerals and descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0038] 7A and 7B are diagrams showing the structure of an architectural structure according to a second embodiment, where (a) is a side view and (b) is a perspective view showing a portion of (a). As shown in Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B, an architectural structure 200 according to the second embodiment further includes a washer 210, a clamp (pressing member) 220, and a screw member 230 in addition to the components of the first embodiment.

[0039] The washer 210 is a member connected to a rod-shaped member (fixing member) R for fixing the protrusions 10 of multiple building materials 1 together. The rod-shaped member R here is not limited to some of the rod-shaped members Ra that extend to the frame F. As shown in FIG. 7(b), the washer 210 has a first plate portion 211 to which the screw head portion of the rod-shaped member R is connected, and a second plate portion 212 to which the clamping bracket 220 is connected. The first plate portion 211 and the second plate portion 212 have different heights, and the second plate portions 212 are provided on both end sides of the first plate portion 211.

[0040] The clamp 220 is a member that is connected to the washer 210. The clamp 220 has a rectangular upper plate 221 with two openings 222 formed near opposing corners of the rectangle. The washer 210 also has an opening 212a formed in its second plate portion 212 that communicates with the two openings 222. Therefore, the clamp 220 is connected to the rod-shaped member R via the washer 210 by communicating these openings 222, 212a and using a screw member 230 (including a nut).

[0041] Here, the pressing fitting 220 includes a side plate 223 that extends diagonally downward continuously from the upper plate 221, and a contact plate 224 that extends from the side plate 223 approximately parallel to the flat portion 20. The side plate 223 extends diagonally downward to follow the shape of the protrusion 10, which is approximately trapezoidal. The contact plate 224 presses the solar cell panel PV on the open side of the undercut portion 11. This contact plate 224 can further reduce the possibility of the solar cell panel PV coming off.

[0042] Although washer 210 has opening 212a, this is not limiting and a stud bolt may be formed therein. In this case, the stud bolt of washer 210 is inserted into opening 222 of clamping member 220 and tightened with a nut to connect the two.

[0043] Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a clamp according to a modified example. As shown in Fig. 8, when a plurality of solar cell panels PV are arranged in an oblique direction, for example, it is preferable to use a long clamp (pressing member) 240 at the joints.

[0044] As shown in Figure 8, the clamp 240 is configured as a long member spanning between the two protrusions 10. This clamp 240 is formed so that the contact plate 244 extends from the open side of the undercut portion 11 (see Figure 7) of one of the protrusions 10a, through the middle position MP between the two undercut portions 11, to the open side of the undercut portion 11 of the other protrusion 10b. Therefore, the clamp 240 can be configured to collectively press down the side portion PV1 of the solar cell panel PV. In particular, the long clamp 240 can also prevent wind from blowing in through the joints.

[0045] Here, when manufacturing the architectural structure 200 according to the second embodiment, the worker drives the rod-shaped members R through the washers 210 when connecting multiple building materials 1 with the rod-shaped members R. Then, the worker inserts the end of the solar cell panel PV into the undercut portion 11, and then presses in the press-in member P. Next, the worker attaches the clamps 220, 240 through the screw members 230.

[0046] In this way, according to the building material 1 and the building structure 200 of the second embodiment, as with the first embodiment, it is possible to provide a building material 1 and a building structure 200 that can be used to more securely attach a solar cell panel PV with less hindrance to re-installation work.

[0047] Furthermore, the architectural structure 200 according to the second embodiment has clamps 220, 240 that are connected via washers 210 to rod-shaped members R that secure the ridges 10 of the multiple building materials 1 together, and that hold down the solar cell panel PV on the open side of the undercut portion 11. Therefore, the clamps 220, 240 hold down the solar cell panel PV while being connected to the rod-shaped members R that connect the multiple building materials 1 together, which are structures that are difficult to come off the building materials 1. This makes it possible to provide an architectural structure 200 that allows the solar cell panel PV to be mounted even more firmly.

[0048] Furthermore, since the clamping metal fittings 240 are formed as elongated members spanning the space between the two ridges 10, they can press not only the vicinity of the open side of the undercut portions 11 but also the middle positions MP of the undercut portions 11 of the two ridges 10. Therefore, by continuously pressing the side portions PV1 of the solar cell panels PV at the joints of the solar cell panels PV, it is possible to provide an architectural structure 200 on which the solar cell panels PV can be mounted even more firmly.

[0049] The present disclosure has been described above based on the embodiments, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments, and modifications may be made within the scope of the spirit of the present disclosure, and publicly known or well-known technologies may be combined to the extent possible.

[0050] For example, the building material 1 is not limited to the above, and various modifications are possible. Figs. 9 and 10 are side views showing building materials according to modifications. As shown in Fig. 9, the building material 2 according to the first modification further includes a rib (an upwardly protruding portion) 30. The rib 30 is provided at the intermediate position MP between the two protrusions 10, and protrudes upward at a height lower than the two protrusions 10. In this building material 2, both sides of the rib 30 each form a flat portion 20.

[0051] Although the rib 30 has a long configuration that is continuous in the same direction as the two protrusions 10, this is not particularly limited, and the rib 30 may be formed intermittently in the same direction. Furthermore, the rib 30 is not limited to being provided at the intermediate position MP, but may be provided at a position spaced from the intermediate position MP.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 10, the building material 3 according to the second modification has a raised structure in which the flat surface 20 is inclined and the center is raised. The apex of the raised portion is indicated by the symbol AP. The apex (portion that protrudes upward) AP corresponds to the midpoint MP between the two ridges 10, and rises upward at a height lower than the two ridges 10. The apex AP may be somewhat rounded. The apex AP is not limited to being located at the midpoint MP, but may be located away from the midpoint MP.

[0053] 11 is a perspective view showing a solar cell panel PV installed on a building material 3 according to the second modified example. The solar cell panel PV installed on the building material 3 according to the second modified example is assumed to be a film-shaped solar cell panel. The solar cell panel PV is also installed on the building material 2 according to the first modified example in the same way.

[0054] As shown in the architectural structure 300 of FIG. 11, the building material 3 of the second modification has the intermediate position MP between the two ridges 10 protruding upward. Therefore, the solar cell panel PV is installed at an inclination in the width direction along a straight line extending from the upward-protruding apex AP to each undercut portion 11. The solar cell panel PV has crystal rows, and if rainwater-induced dirt adheres along these crystal rows, power generation efficiency will decrease significantly. However, if the upper part of the building has an inclined structure, rainwater flows in the diagonal direction shown in FIG. 11. This makes it difficult for rainwater-induced dirt to form along the crystal rows, thereby preventing a significant decrease in power generation efficiency.

[0055] Furthermore, in the above, all of the building materials 1 to 3 are sandwich panels having the heat insulating material I, but they are not limited to this, and may be vertical seam boards for vertical flat roofing, and are not limited to sandwich panels.

[0056] Additionally, the planar portion 20 of the building materials 1 to 3 is assumed to extend in only one predetermined direction from the undercut portion 11 in a side view, but is not particularly limited to this. Furthermore, while the solar cell panel PV has been described above as an example of a sheet-like member, the sheet-like member is not limited to this, and may be a solar reflective sheet, a heat shield sheet, a heat collection panel, a photocatalyst or other artificial photosynthesis panel, a desalination panel, a water purification panel, or any other device that utilizes the sun, or that is intended to block the sun, or that is installed for other purposes. In other words, the thickness of the sheet-like member is not a factor, as long as it has sides or a diameter that exceed the thickness and is installed on a roof with an area greater than or equal to a predetermined area.

[0057] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, examples have been described in which the building materials 1 to 3 are roofing materials, and the building structures 100, 200, and 300 are roof structures of buildings, but this is not particularly limited. For example, the building materials 1 to 3 may be other building materials such as walls, eaves, shutters, door pockets, dormers, and fog screens. Furthermore, the building structures 100, 200, and 300 may be wall structures, eaves structures, shutter structures, and the like of buildings. In addition, although the sheet-like members are installed in the direction of the slope of the roof, the orientation is not important. [Explanation of symbols]

[0058] 1~3: Building materials 10: Two ridges 11: Undercut section 11a: Entrance 11d: Part 20: Flat part 30: Rib (part that protrudes upward) 100,200,300: Building structure 220, 240: Clamp (pressure member) AP: Apex (the part that protrudes upward) MP: intermediate position P: Press-fit member PV: Solar cell panel (sheet-shaped material) R, Ra: Rod-shaped member (fixed member)

Claims

1. A building material in which two parallel protrusions and a flat portion formed between the two protrusions are formed by an integral plate material, and one of the two protrusions can be arranged to overlap the other of two protrusions of another building material, The two protrusions each have an undercut portion that is recessed inside the protrusion at a connection portion with the flat portion and into which an end of the sheet-like member is inserted when the two protrusions are arranged so that one of the two protrusions overlaps the other of the two protrusions of the other building material. A building material characterized by:

2. The undercut portion has a portion where the gap between the undercut portion and the flat portion is larger than that between the undercut portion and the flat portion.

2. The building material according to claim 1 .

3. The building material according to claim 1; a sheet-like member provided on the flat surface with its end inserted into the undercut portions of the two protrusions of the building material; a press-fit member press-fitted between the undercut portion and the sheet-like member, or a caulking agent filled therebetween; An architectural structure comprising:

4. The construction material further includes a pressing member that is connected to a fixing member for fixing the respective protrusions of the plurality of construction materials to each other, and that contacts the sheet-like member on the open side of the undercut portion of the construction material to press the sheet-like member.

4. The architectural structure according to claim 3.

5. The pressing member is formed as an elongated member spanning between the two protrusions, and presses the sheet-like member both near the open side of the undercut portion of each of the two protrusions and at an intermediate position of the undercut portion of each of the two protrusions.

5. The architectural structure according to claim 4.

6. The construction material has a portion that protrudes upward between the two protrusions, The sheet-like member is placed in an inclined state along a straight line extending from the portion to each undercut portion.

4. The architectural structure according to claim 3.

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