Detached house and construction method thereof

Abstract

To provide a detached house capable of swinging the building together with a metal plate even in a small earthquake and preventing the building from collapsing due to the force of a collision and preventing furniture in the building from falling over. [Solution] A detached house 1 is constructed by pouring a concrete slab 2, which is basal concrete, into the ground G, and after the concrete slab 2 has hardened, installing a first metal plate 3a and a second metal plate 3b made of galvalume steel. A foundation formwork is installed to form a foundation 4 on the second metal plate 3b. Concrete is poured into the foundation formwork. After the concrete poured into the foundation formwork has hardened, the foundation formwork is removed. A weak section 6 is formed in the gap between the side wall of the pit P and the foundation 4, which is weak enough that when the foundation 4 slides and shifts from the concrete slab 2, the foundation 4 can move while pushing away the weak section 6. A building 5 is then constructed on the foundation 4.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a detached house with a seismic isolation function and a construction method thereof. [Background technology]

[0002] There are three known ways to prepare buildings for earthquakes: earthquake resistance, seismic isolation, and vibration control. If the building is a large facility or a large building, various measures can be taken, such as combining these three types of measures. However, for detached houses built by individuals, the cost of measures is high, making it difficult to actually implement them. For example, even seismic isolation requires installing numerous dampers between the foundation and the building, which is difficult for an individual detached house. Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a method that can be easily installed even in detached houses.

[0003] The earthquake-resistant house described in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a stainless steel plate is sandwiched between the house and the foundation, and the house and the foundation are not fixed together. Although Patent Document 1 calls it an earthquake-resistant house, the house and the foundation are not fixed together, and since the shaking caused by an earthquake is not transmitted to the house on the foundation, this measure is classified as seismic isolation.

[0004] However, in the conventional detached house described in Patent Document 1, a stainless steel plate is simply sandwiched between the house and the foundation structure, so depending on the period and magnitude of the earthquake shaking, the frictional forces between the foundation structure and the stainless steel plate, and the frictional forces between the house and the stainless steel plate, not only could the foundation structure and the stainless steel plate become misaligned, but the house could also become misaligned with the stainless steel plate.

[0005] If this happens, the stainless steel plate that supports the foundation from below will shift from the foundation, leaving nothing to support the foundation, and the weight of the building will be placed on the foundation, which could cause the foundation to crack, chip, or fall off. Therefore, if a defect occurs in the important foundation that supports the building, the earthquake resistance of the detached house will be reduced.

[0006] Therefore, the present inventor has developed a detached house that is easy to install even in private homes and is resistant to earthquake shaking (see Patent Document 2). This detached house is equipped with a concrete slab formed in a pit dug deep into the ground, a metal plate installed loosely on the concrete slab, a foundation fixed to the metal plate and spaced apart from the side walls of the pit, backfill soil filled in the gap between the side walls of the pit and the foundation, the backfill soil being softer than the ground so that when the metal plate slides and the foundation shifts from the concrete slab, the foundation can move while pushing it aside, and a building constructed on the foundation.

[0007] This detached house prevents the foundation from shifting from the metal plate, and can be installed inexpensively and easily, making it easy to install even in private homes and providing a detached house that is resistant to earthquake shaking. In particular, in this detached house, the side wall of the pit and the foundation are separated and the gap is backfilled with backfill soil that is softer than the ground. Therefore, even if the metal plate slides significantly and the foundation shifts significantly from the concrete slab, the foundation can move while pushing aside the soft backfill soil, making it possible to prevent the building from collapsing due to the force of the collision and the furniture inside the building from tipping over. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-218677 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 7350502 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] In the detached house described in Patent Document 2, the concrete slab and the metal plate are not fixed to each other, and the metal plate and the foundation are fixed together, so when an earthquake occurs, the ground shakes, and the detached house of the present invention shakes, the building shakes on the concrete slab together with the metal plate. However, when a small earthquake occurs, the metal plate may not slide along with the foundation, even though the concrete slab and the metal plate are not fixed to each other.

[0010] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a detached house and a construction method thereof that can cause the building to shake together with the metal plates even in a small earthquake, and can prevent the building from collapsing due to the force of the collision and the furniture inside the building from falling over. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The detached house of the present invention comprises a pit dug deep into the ground, a concrete slab formed in the pit, a first metal plate installed loosely on the concrete slab, a second metal plate installed loosely on the first metal plate, a foundation fixed to the second metal plate, the foundation spaced apart from the side wall of the pit, a weak part formed in the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation, the weak part being weak enough that when the foundation slides and shifts from the concrete slab, the foundation can move while pushing it aside, and a building constructed on the foundation.

[0012] According to the detached house of the present invention, the concrete slab and the first metal plate are loose, the second metal plate and the foundation are fixed, and the first metal plate and the second metal plate are loose. Because the coefficient of friction between the first and second metal plates is small, even a small earthquake can cause the ground to shake and the detached house of the present invention to shake. The first metal plate slides on the concrete slab, and the second metal plate slides on the first metal plate, causing the building to shake on the first metal plate together with the second metal plate. At this time, the first metal plate also slides on the concrete slab. When the second metal plate slides significantly on the first metal plate and the foundation shifts significantly from the concrete slab, the second metal plate can break and push aside the weak points formed in the gaps between the side walls of the pit and the foundation, preventing the building from collapsing due to the force of the collision and preventing furniture from tipping over.

[0013] Here, the weak part can be backfill soil that is softer than the ground. This allows the second metal plate to slide significantly over the first metal plate, causing the foundation to shift significantly from the concrete slab, by destroying and pushing aside the backfill soil that is softer than the ground in the weak part formed in the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation, preventing the building from collapsing due to the force of the collision and preventing furniture inside the building from tipping over.

[0014] Alternatively, the vulnerable portion can be a gutter that is softer than the ground. This allows the second metal plate to move while destroying and pushing aside the gutter that is softer than the ground at the vulnerable portion formed in the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation when the second metal plate slides significantly over the first metal plate and the foundation shifts significantly from the concrete slab, preventing the building from collapsing due to the force of the collision and preventing furniture inside the building from tipping over.

[0015] The detached house of the present invention can be configured to have a third metal plate between the first and second metal plates, so that when an earthquake occurs and the ground shakes, the third metal plate slides between the first and third metal plates, thereby assisting in the sliding of the building when it sways.

[0016] The construction method for a detached house of the present invention includes the steps of digging deep into the ground to form a pit, forming a concrete slab in the pit, installing a first metal plate loosely on the concrete slab, installing a second metal plate loosely on the first metal plate, forming a foundation fixed to the second metal plate and spaced apart from the side walls of the pit, forming a weak part in the gap between the side walls of the pit and the foundation that is weak enough to allow the foundation to move while pushing aside the concrete slab when it slides and shifts from the concrete slab, and constructing a building on the foundation.The construction method for a detached house of the present invention allows the above-mentioned detached house of the present invention to be obtained.

[0017] The construction method for a detached house of the present invention includes the steps of: digging the ground deep to construct a pit, widening the ground to create a gap between the side walls of the pit and the foundation; pouring a concrete slab into the ground; installing a first metal plate after the concrete slab has solidified; installing a second metal plate on the first metal plate; installing a foundation formwork on the second metal plate to form a foundation spaced from the side walls of the pit; pouring concrete into the foundation formwork; removing the foundation formwork after the concrete poured into the foundation formwork has solidified; forming a weak part in the gap between the side walls of the pit and the foundation that is weak enough to allow the foundation to move while pushing aside the concrete slab when it slides and shifts from the concrete slab; and building a building on the foundation. The construction method for a detached house of the present invention allows the detached house of the present invention to be obtained. [Effects of the Invention]

[0018] According to the present invention, even in the event of a small earthquake, the building can be shaken together with the metal plates, destroying and pushing aside the weak points formed in the gaps between the side walls of the pit and the foundation, and moving them. Regardless of the size of the earthquake, whether it is a short-period vibration or a long-period vibration, it is possible to prevent the building from collapsing due to the force of the collision or furniture inside the building from falling over. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a detached house according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the X portion of FIG. [Figure 3] This is a diagram to explain the construction method of the detached house structure shown in Figure 1, where (A) is a diagram of the state after digging down the ground and root cutting, (B) is a diagram of the state after basal concrete has been formed in the pit, and (C) is a diagram of the state after a metal plate has been placed on the basal concrete. [Figure 4] This is a diagram continuing from Figure 3 to explain the construction method for a detached house structure. (A) is a diagram of the state in which reinforcement is arranged and the foundation formwork is assembled on a metal plate placed on the base concrete, and (B) is a diagram of the state in which concrete is poured into the foundation formwork and the foundation is constructed. [Figure 5] This is a diagram continuing from Figure 4 to explain the construction method for a detached house structure, where (A) is a diagram of the state where the main body of the building has been constructed on the foundation, and (B) is a diagram of the state where the roof has been constructed on top of the main body of the building. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A detached house according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The detached house 1 shown in Figure 1 has a concrete slab 2 formed on ground G, a first metal plate 3a installed on the concrete slab 2 in its solidified state, a second metal plate 3b installed on the first metal plate 3a, a foundation 4 fixed to the second metal plate 3b, and a building 5 constructed on the foundation 4.

[0021] A pit P is dug deep into the ground G. Crushed stone (not shown) is laid in the pit P. The thickness of the crushed stone can be, for example, 5 to 20 cm. The concrete slab 2 is a basal concrete formed by pouring concrete. In this embodiment, the thickness is 10 cm.

[0022] The first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b are rectangular steel plates arranged in vertical and horizontal rows. The rectangular steel plates are placed with their long sides facing the same direction in a plan view. When the second metal plate 3b is placed on the first metal plate 3a, the rectangular steel plate is placed with its long sides facing in a different direction from the long sides of the first metal plate 3a in a plan view. In this embodiment, the long sides are placed in a direction rotated by 90° (orthogonal). The first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b are placed in an area that exposes the peripheral edge 21 of the concrete slab 2.

[0023] In this embodiment, the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b are formed of aluminum and zinc alloy plated steel sheets having a thickness of 1.5 mm. For example, Galvalume Steel Sheet (registered trademark) can be used as the aluminum and zinc alloy plated steel sheet.

[0024] The foundation 4 forms the framework of the building 5. The foundation 4 is formed of a mat foundation consisting of a rising portion 41 and a foundation slab 42, which serves as a pressure-resistant plate. In addition, a weak portion 6 is formed in the gap between the foundation 4 and the side wall P1 of the pit P by backfill soil that is softer than the ground G. The weak portion 6 is weak enough that when the foundation 4 slides and shifts from the concrete slab 2, the foundation 4 can move while pushing it aside.

[0025] The building 5 includes a building body 51 that forms a living space for residents, and a roof 52 provided on top of the building body 51. The walls 51a and floor slabs 51b of the building main body 51 are made of reinforced concrete. The building main body 51 according to this embodiment has a wall-type concrete structure. The first floor floor 51c is made of wooden boards.

[0026] The roof 52 is made of a wooden structure and is composed of a roof body 521 and a roof finishing material 522. The roof body 521 includes rafters 52a, purlins 52b, rafters 52c, beams 52d, and road boards 52e. The roof finishing material 522 can be a slate-based material such as Colonial (registered trademark) or Colorvest (registered trademark), a clay-based material such as roof tiles, a cement-based material such as Monier (trademark), a galvalume steel sheet, or a metal steel sheet such as aluminum, stainless steel, or titanium. In this embodiment, a galvalume steel sheet is used, which is an example of a metal steel sheet that is lighter and more weather-resistant than other roof finishing materials. The roof finishing material 522 is arranged to cover the roof body 521.

[0027] A construction method for a detached house according to an embodiment of the present invention configured as above will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0028] As shown in Figure 3(A), the ground G is excavated deeply to construct a pit P. At this time, the ground G is excavated and widened so that a gap S is formed between the side wall P1 of the pit P and the foundation 4 (see Figure 1). As shown in FIG. 3(B), crushed stone (not shown) is spread evenly in the pit P, and concrete is poured to form the concrete slab 2, thereby constructing the basal concrete.

[0029] As shown in Figure 3(C), after the concrete slab 2 has solidified, rectangular galvanized steel plates that will become the first metal plates 3a are arranged vertically and horizontally on the concrete slab 2. At this time, the galvanized steel plates are installed with their long sides facing in the same direction when viewed from above. The first metal plates 3a are also installed in an area that exposes the peripheral edge 21 of the concrete slab 2. In this way, since the first metal plates 3a are installed after the concrete slab 2 has solidified, the first metal plates 3a are not fixed to the concrete slab 2.

[0030] 3(C), rectangular galvanized steel plates that will become second metal plates 3b are arranged vertically and horizontally on the first metal plate 3a. The rectangular galvanized steel plates are installed so that their long sides face in a different direction (rotated 90°) from the long sides of the first metal plate 3a. The second metal plate 3b is installed in an area that exposes the peripheral edge 21 of the concrete slab 2. Since the second metal plate 3b is simply placed on the first metal plate 3a, the second metal plate 3b is not fixed to the first metal plate 3a.

[0031] As shown in Figure 4(A), a foundation formwork M for forming a foundation 4 (see Figure 1) is installed on the concrete slab 2. Then, reinforcing bars R are arranged at positions that will become the rising portion 41 and the foundation slab 42 of the foundation 4. Next, concrete is poured into the foundation formwork M. Once the concrete poured into the foundation formwork M has hardened, the foundation formwork M is removed, and the foundation 4 is constructed as shown in Fig. 4(B). In this embodiment, the foundation slab 42 is formed to a thickness of 280 mm. Since the foundation 4 is constructed on the second metal plate 3b, the foundation 4 is fixed to the second metal plate 3b.

[0032] After the foundation 4 is constructed, the gap S between the side wall P1 of the pit P and the foundation 4 is filled with backfill soil to form a weak part 6. The backfill soil is softer than the ground G, and the weak part 6 is weak enough that when the foundation 4 slides and shifts from the concrete slab 2, the foundation 4 can move while pushing it away.

[0033] Next, a wall formwork (not shown) is assembled on the foundation 4, and concrete is poured to construct the wall. In this way, as shown in FIG. 5(A), the walls 51a and floor slab 51b integrated with the foundation 4, and the first floor floor 51c are formed, and the building main body 51 is constructed.

[0034] Next, as shown in Fig. 5(B), beams 52d are laid across the building body 51, and rafters 52c are erected. Then, purlins 52b are laid across, rafters 52a are lined up, and planks 52e are attached, thereby constructing the roof body 521. Once the roof body 521 is assembled, a roof finishing material 522 made of galvalume steel plate is attached to the roof boards 52e, and the roof 52 is constructed.

[0035] 1 is constructed in this manner, the concrete slab 2 and the first metal plate 3a are loose, the second metal plate 3b and the foundation 4 are fixed, and the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b are loose. Because the coefficient of friction between the first and second metal plates 3a and 3b is small, even a small earthquake occurs, causing the ground G to shake and the detached house 1 to shake. Therefore, when an earthquake occurs, causing the ground G to shake and the detached house 1 to shake, the first metal plate 3a slides on the concrete slab 2 and the second metal plate 3b slides on the first metal plate 3a. As a result, the building 5 shakes on the first metal plate 3a together with the second metal plate 3b. At this time, the first metal plate 3a also shakes on the concrete slab 2.

[0036] Therefore, the foundation 4, which is fixed to the second metal plate 3b, can be prevented from shifting from the second metal plate 3b, and the foundation 4 is firmly supported on the second metal plate 3b, preventing cracks, chips, falling off, etc. from occurring in the foundation 4. Furthermore, construction is easy and inexpensive, as it only requires placing the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b on the concrete slab 2. Therefore, the detached house 1 can be easily installed even in a private home, and is a house that is resistant to earthquake shaking.

[0037] In this embodiment, the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b are installed with the long sides of their rectangular steel plates facing in different directions, preventing the edges of the first metal plate 3a from getting caught on each other when the second metal plate 3b slides on the first metal plate 3a. It is also possible to install a third metal plate between the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b. In this case, the metal plates are not fixed to each other. This allows the third metal plate to slide between the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b when an earthquake occurs and the ground shakes, thereby assisting in the sliding of the building when it sways.

[0038] Since the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b are installed in an area that exposes the peripheral edge 21 of the concrete slab 2, even if the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b shift from the concrete slab 2, they can be prevented from protruding from the concrete slab 2. Therefore, the concrete slab 2 can firmly support the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b.

[0039] If the center of gravity of the building is high, the second metal plate 3b may shift from the concrete slab 2, and the building may collapse when vibrated. However, the building 5 has a building body 51 made of reinforced concrete and a roof 52 made of wood, so that the roof 52 located at the top of the building 5 can be made lighter than if it were made of concrete. Therefore, the center of gravity of the building 5 is lower than when the entire building is made of concrete, so when the building 5 shakes, the entire building 5 is more likely to link with the second metal plate 3b, and the building 5 can be prevented from collapsing. In particular, since the roof finishing material 522 of the roof 52 is made of metal steel plate, which is lighter than roof tiles, the roof 52 can be made even lighter.

[0040] The first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b are made of galvalume steel, which makes them easy to procure and provides sufficient strength. Furthermore, because they are made of the same material as the roof finishing material 522, they can be procured from the same supplier. This reduces procurement costs.

[0041] The side wall P1 of the pit P and the foundation 4 are separated, and the gap S is backfilled with backfill soil that is softer than the ground G, forming a weak part 6. Therefore, even if the first metal plate 3a and the second metal plate 3b slide significantly and the foundation 4 is displaced significantly from the concrete slab 2, because the side wall P1 of the pit P and the foundation 4 are separated, the foundation 4 can move while destroying and pushing aside the weak part 6 formed by the soft backfill soil.

[0042] The vulnerable portion 6 can also be a gutter that is softer than the ground G. The gutter may or may not have a lid, but in the case of a gutter with a lid, backfill soil that is softer than the ground G can be further filled on top of the gutter with a lid to form the vulnerable portion 6. In short, by making the vulnerable portion 6 a structure that cannot withstand the horizontal pressure of an earthquake, when the second metal plate 3b slides significantly over the first metal plate 3a and the foundation 4 shifts significantly from the concrete slab, it becomes possible to destroy the vulnerable portion 6 and move it away.

[0043] If the foundation 4 is close to the side wall of the pit P, the foundation 4 may move and collide with the side wall P1 of the pit P, restricting its movement, which could cause the building 5 to collapse due to the force of the collision or cause furniture inside the building 5 to tip over. However, since the foundation 4 can move between itself and the side wall P1, the building 5 can be prevented from collapsing and furniture can be prevented from falling over.

[0044] In the detached house 1 according to the present embodiment, the building body 51 has a wall-type concrete structure, but it may also be made of wood. In this case, the structure of the part below the foundation 4 can be the same as that described above, thereby achieving the same effect. [Industrial Applicability]

[0045] The present invention is ideal for small, individual homes. [Explanation of symbols]

[0046] 1 Detached house 2 Concrete slabs 21 Periphery 3a First metal plate 3b Second metal plate 4 Basics 41 Rising section 42 Foundation slab 5. Building 6 Weakened parts 51 Building body 51a wall 51b Floor slab 51c 1st floor 52 Roof 521 Roof body 52a Rafter 52b Main house 52c shed bundle 52d beam 52e Field board 522 Roof Finishing Materials G Ground P Pit P1 side wall S Gap M Foundation formwork R rebar

Claims

1. A pit dug deep into the ground, a concrete slab formed in the pit; a first metal plate installed in an unfixed state on the concrete slab so as to slide freely on the concrete slab; a second metal plate that is placed directly on the first metal plate in an unfixed state so as to slide freely on the first metal plate; a foundation fixed on the second metal plate and spaced apart from a side wall of the pit; a weak part formed in the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation, the weak part being weak enough that the foundation can move while pushing aside when the foundation slides and shifts from the concrete slab; A building constructed on the foundation; A detached house with.

2. A pit dug deep into the ground, a concrete slab formed in the pit; a first metal plate installed in an unfixed state on the concrete slab so as to slide freely on the concrete slab; a second metal plate disposed in an unfixed state on the first metal plate; a third metal plate that is directly overlapped and unfixedly installed between the first metal plate and the second metal plate so as to be freely slidable between the first metal plate and the second metal plate; a foundation fixed on the second metal plate and spaced apart from a side wall of the pit; a weak part formed in the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation, the weak part being weak enough that the foundation can move while pushing aside when the foundation slides and shifts from the concrete slab; A building constructed on the foundation; A detached house with.

3. The detached house according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weak portion is backfill soil that is softer than the ground.

4. The detached house according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weak portion is a gutter that is softer than the ground.

5. a process of digging deep into the ground to form a pit; forming a concrete slab in the pit; placing a first metal plate in an unfixed state on the concrete slab so that the first metal plate slides freely on the concrete slab; placing a second metal plate directly on top of the first metal plate in an unsecured state so as to slide freely on the first metal plate; forming a base fixed to the second metal plate and spaced apart from a side wall of the pit; forming a weak portion in the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation that is weak enough to allow the foundation to move while pushing away the foundation when the foundation slides and shifts from the concrete slab; constructing a building on the foundation; Construction methods for detached houses, including:

6. A process of constructing a pit by digging deep into the ground, and digging and widening the ground so that a gap is created between the side wall of the pit and the foundation; Pouring a concrete slab into the ground; After the concrete slab has hardened, a first metal plate is placed on the concrete slab in an unfixed state so as to slide freely on the concrete slab; placing a second metal plate directly on top of the first metal plate so as to slide freely on the first metal plate; installing a foundation form on the second metal plate to form a foundation spaced apart from the side wall of the pit; Pouring concrete into the foundation formwork; removing the foundation formwork after the concrete poured into the foundation formwork has solidified; forming a weak portion in the gap between the side wall of the pit and the foundation that is weak enough to allow the foundation to move while pushing away the foundation when the foundation slides and shifts from the concrete slab; constructing a building on the foundation; Construction methods for detached houses, including:

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