civil engineering structures

Abstract

To flexibly deal with formation of an embedding frame fitted at various angles in a civil engineering structure.SOLUTION: A civil engineering structure 1 of the present invention has a plurality of steel frames 10 and a steel embedding frame 50 that is connected to at least either one of the steel frames 10 located at both ends in a width direction W and embedded to the foundation. The embedding frame 50 has a steel diagonal member 61a, which is connected at one end to a lower end of the steel frames 10 connected to upper side in a height direction H and connected at the other end to the lower end of the steel frames 10 connected in the width direction W and obliquely extends. A beam material 23b of the steel frames 10 connected to the upper side in the height direction H has a plurality of holes 23d in the width direction W, which are used for connection at a position allowing connection of one end of the diagonal member 61a depending on a degree of exterior angle between the diagonal member 61a and a column material 21a to which the other end of the diagonal member 61a of the steel frames 10 connected in the width direction W is connected.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to civil engineering structures. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, civil engineering structures installed in the natural ground such as dams, retaining walls, and so on have been known in soil conservation works, erosion control works, and other general civil engineering works. Civil engineering structures include steel frames and stone materials (filling materials), and the steel frames are connected to each other vertically and horizontally. The steel frames are assembled into units by creating a three-dimensional skeleton using steel columns, horizontal members, and connecting members, and screen materials are provided on some surfaces of the skeleton, and the steel frames are filled with stone materials (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] In the civil engineering structure described in Patent Document 1, steel frames are stacked one on top of the other and connected to each other so that the left and right ends form a stepped structure. Auxiliary steel frames (embedding frames) formed to the shape, size, etc. required to fill the gap between the stepped ends of the civil engineering structure and the ground excavated to a depth for embedding along a sloping topographical line are connected to the left and right ends of the civil engineering structure.

[0004] The auxiliary steel frame has an overall basket-like shape, consisting of steel diagonal members that incline to the lower ends of the outer columns of the steel frame at the left and right ends of the civil engineering structure, and screen members that connect the steel diagonal members. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-168886 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] When installing a civil engineering structure with an auxiliary steel frame, it is necessary to excavate (overexcavate) the ground (natural ground) by the amount required to embed the auxiliary steel frame. The design excavation line that serves as the basis for excavation is sometimes determined along the steel diagonal members of the auxiliary steel frame. The steel diagonal members are connected to other steel free frames, etc., at various installation angles depending on the inclination angle of the natural ground slope at the installation site.

[0007] The steel diagonal members are connected to the steel free frame via separate mounting plates for each of the various mounting angles, which requires holes on the mounting plates for connecting the steel diagonal members to the steel free frame. The positions of the connecting holes had to be changed every time the mounting angle was changed.

[0008] Therefore, the present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and aims to provide a technology that can flexibly respond to the formation of embedment frames that can be attached at various different angles in civil engineering structures. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The civil engineering structure of the present invention comprises a plurality of steel frames connected to each other in a height direction and a transverse direction intersecting the height direction, and a steel embedded frame connected to at least one of the steel frames located at both ends in the transverse direction and embedded in the ground, wherein the embedded frame has a steel diagonal member that is directly connected at one end to the lower end of the steel frame connected to the upper side in the height direction and directly connected at the other end to the lower end of the steel frame connected in the transverse direction and extends diagonally, and the frame member to which the diagonal member is connected among the frame members of the steel frame connected to the upper side in the height direction has a plurality of holes along the transverse direction that are used for connection at positions that enable connection of one end of the diagonal member depending on the exterior angle between the diagonal member and the frame member to which the other end of the diagonal member is connected among the frame members of the steel frame connected in the transverse direction.

[0010] Furthermore, in one aspect of the civil engineering structure of the present invention, when the exterior angle is set to "θ (90 < θ < 180)", the exterior angle between the diagonal member and the frame member of the steel frame connected in the height crossing direction to which the other end of the diagonal member is connected may be "270-θ" or the interior angle may be "-90+θ".

[0011] In addition, in one aspect of the civil engineering structure of the present invention, the diagonal member has an extension portion extending along the one intersecting direction on the side of the one end, and the extension portion may have a hole at a position overlapping with at least one of the multiple holes, which serves to connect to the frame member. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] The present invention allows flexible adaptation to the formation of embedded frames that are attached at various angles in civil engineering structures. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic front view showing a civil engineering structure according to the present invention; [Figure 2A] 1 is a front view showing one end in the width direction W of a civil engineering structure according to the present invention. FIG. [Figure 2B] 1 is a side view of a civil engineering structure according to the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of one steel frame to which the lowest reinforcing frame is connected. [Figure 4] This is a plan view of the top steel frame. [Figure 5] This is a bottom view of the lowest steel frame. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a front view of the embedment frame seen from the downstream side. [Figure 7A] FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged front view illustrating the configuration of the diagonal member. [Figure 7B] FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged rear view illustrating the configuration of the diagonal member. [Figure 7C] FIG. 2 is a plan cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the diagonal member. [Figure 7D] This is an oblique view of the diagonal member from below the front. [Figure 7E] FIG. 10 is a rear perspective view illustrating the configuration of the diagonal member. [Figure 8] This is a rear view of the embedding frame seen from the upstream side. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a diagonal member according to Modification 1. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a diagonal member according to Modification 2. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a diagonal member according to Modification 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that in the following description, the drawings are schematic, and the dimensional relationships and ratios of elements may differ from the actual ones. The dimensional relationships and ratios may differ between the drawings.

[0015] The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention is installed on the slope of a sloping land and used as a dam, earth retaining wall, retaining wall, etc. For example, the civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention is installed in the width direction of a river between valleys to dam up debris flows and the like flowing from upstream.

[0016] <Composition of civil engineering structures> 1 is a schematic front view showing a civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention. The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention comprises a steel frame 10, a reinforcing frame 30, an embedded frame 50, and a fill material (not shown), and has excellent flexibility and water permeability, allowing for a shorter construction period and year-round construction.

[0017] The civil engineering structure 1 is made up of multiple steel frames 10 that are stacked and connected in a height direction H to a predetermined height, and are also connected to each other in a width direction W and a depth direction D. For ease of explanation, when the civil engineering structure 1 is installed as a dam, the up-down direction of the civil engineering structure 1 is referred to as the "height direction H," the direction of the civil engineering structure 1 extending along the width of the river is referred to as the "width direction W," and the direction of the civil engineering structure 1 extending along the flow of the river is referred to as the "depth direction D." When the civil engineering structure 1 is installed as a retaining wall or earth retaining wall, the width direction W is a direction that continues along the slope of the natural ground, etc., and the depth direction D is a direction toward the slope of the natural ground, etc.

[0018] The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention comprises a plurality of steel frames 10 connected to one another in a height direction H and a width direction (one intersecting direction) W intersecting the height direction H, and a steel embedded frame 50 connected to at least one of the steel frames 10 located at both ends in the width direction W and embedded in the ground, and the embedded frame 50 is directly connected at one end to the lower end of the steel frame 10 connected to the upper side in the height direction H and directly connected at the other end to the lower end of the steel frame 10 connected in the width direction W. The beams (frame members) 23b, 25b of the steel frame 10 connected to the upper side in the height direction H have a plurality of holes 23d, 25d along the width direction W that are used for connection at positions that enable connection of one end of the diagonal members 61a, 61b in accordance with the exterior angle between the diagonal members 61a, 61b and the columns (frame members) 21a, 21b to which the other end of the diagonal members 61a, 61b of the steel frame 10 connected in the width direction W is connected. The civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention will be specifically described below.

[0019] FIG. 2A is a front view showing one end in the width direction W of a civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention. FIG. 2B is a side view of the civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention. The civil engineering structure 1 according to this embodiment has four steel frames 10 stacked in the height direction H. The steel frames 10 of the lower three tiers are trapezoidal or approximately trapezoidal in side view, and the steel frame 10 of the uppermost tier is rectangular or approximately rectangular in side view. When the civil engineering structure 1 is installed, the downstream-facing sides of the steel frames 10 of the lower three tiers are inclined obliquely. As for the entire civil engineering structure 1, the downstream-facing side of the steel frame 10 of the lowermost tier is inclined upstream toward the steel frame 10 of the third tier. The upstream-facing sides of the steel frames 10 of the lower three tiers extend vertically or approximately vertically in the height direction H. The dimension of the civil engineering structure 1 in the depth direction D decreases from the bottom to the top along the height direction H.

[0020] The topmost steel frame 10 is connected to the upper side of the third lowest steel frame 10. The upstream-facing and downstream-facing sides of the topmost steel frame 10 extend vertically or approximately vertically. The dimension of the topmost steel frame 10 in the depth direction D is the same as the dimension of the top surface of the third lowest steel frame 10 in the depth direction D. The topmost steel frame 10 is provided at its center with a predetermined gap in the width direction W so as to form a water passage portion 2 (see FIG. 1). The reinforcing frame 30 is formed in a rectangular or approximately rectangular shape in side view, and is connected to the steel frames 10 of the lower two levels on the upstream-facing side along the width direction W.

[0021] A civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention has a shape that corresponds to the slope of the natural ground when installed as a dam in a river (see FIG. 1). For example, the civil engineering structure 1 according to this embodiment is configured in an inverted triangular shape that extends from bottom to top along the height direction H and spreads in the width direction W, and the number of steel frames 10 connected in the width direction W varies in each tier. For example, the number of steel frames 10 in the lower tier is relatively one less than the number of steel frames 10 in the upper tier at both ends in the width direction W.

[0022] The embedment frames 50 are connected to both ends of the steel frames 10 in the width direction W in each stage. The embedment frames 50 are formed in a triangular or approximately triangular shape when viewed from the front. The embedment frames 50 are formed along the slope of the civil engineering structure 1 to match the shape of the natural ground. When the civil engineering structure 1 is installed, the embedment frames 50 at both ends in the width direction W, several steel frames 10 close to the embedment frames 50, and the bottom of the river are backfilled into the ground.

[0023] [Steel frame] 3 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of one steel frame 10 to which the lowest reinforcing frame 30 is connected. The steel frame 10 is a hexahedral frame formed by three-dimensionally combining steel frame materials, and has a left side surface 11a and a right side surface 11b facing in the width direction W, a front surface 12a and a rear surface 12b facing in the depth direction D, and a top surface 13a and a bottom surface 13b facing in the height direction H. In the following, the steel frame 10 installed in the lowest stage of the civil engineering structure 1 will be described as an example.

[0024] (Left side part, right side part) The left side surface portion 11a is the end surface on the left side when viewed from the downstream side, and the right side surface portion 11b is the end surface on the right side when viewed from the downstream side. The left side surface portion 11a and the right side surface portion 11b are formed in a trapezoidal shape. The left side surface portion 11a is defined by pillar members (frame members) 21a, 21b and connecting members (frame members) 22a, 22b. The pillar members 21a, 21b are formed, for example, from H-shaped steel and are erected in the height direction H. The pillar member 21a is located on the side facing downstream relative to the pillar member 21b in the depth direction D, and the pillar member 21b is located on the side facing upstream relative to the pillar member 21a in the depth direction D.

[0025] The connecting member 22a is formed, for example, by an angle iron having an L-shaped or approximately L-shaped cross section intersecting the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 22a connects the pillars 21a and 21b in the depth direction D via the joint plate 14. The connecting member 22a connects the pillars 21a and 21b to each other at the upper ends (hereinafter also referred to as "upper ends") of the pillars 21a and 21b in the height direction H.

[0026] The connecting member 22b is formed, for example, by an angle iron having an L-shaped or approximately L-shaped cross section intersecting the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 22b connects the pillars 21a and 21b via joint plates 15. The connecting member 22b connects the pillars 21a and 21b to each other in the depth direction D at the lower ends (hereinafter also referred to as "lower ends") of the pillars 21a and 21b in the height direction H.

[0027] Pillar 21a and pillar 21b are further connected by brace 16 in the depth direction D. Specifically, brace 16 is connected at one end to the upper end of pillar 21a via joint plate 14, and at the other end to the lower end of pillar 21b via joint plate 15, and extends obliquely between pillar 21a and pillar 21b. Pillars 21a, 21b and connecting members 22a, 22b are connected to each other by bolts and nuts, but this is not particularly limited and they may also be connected by pins.

[0028] On the left side surface portion 11a and the right side surface portion 11b, the angle formed between the pillar 21a and the connecting member 22a is an obtuse angle, and the angle formed between the pillar 21a and the connecting member 22b is an acute angle. Furthermore, on the left side surface portion 11a and the right side surface portion 11b, the angle formed between the pillar 21b and the connecting member 22a is a right angle or a nearly right angle, and the angle formed between the pillar 21b and the connecting member 22b is a right angle or a nearly right angle.

[0029] (Front part) The front surface portion 12a faces the downstream side and is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view. The front surface portion 12a is defined by two pillars 21a and beams (frame members) 23a and 23b. The two pillars 21a are provided at a predetermined interval from each other in the width direction W.

[0030] The beam 23a is formed, for example, from an H-shaped steel beam. The beam 23a connects two columns 21a together at their upper ends in the width direction W. Specifically, the beam 23a is inserted between the flanges of the H-shaped steel beams of the columns 21a, and the flange on the beam 23a side and the flange on the column 21a side are connected to each other. The beam 23a has a plurality of connecting holes 23c. The connecting holes 23c are formed in pairs with a web between them and at a predetermined interval in the width direction W. The connecting holes 23c are used to connect the front member 24, which will be described later. Note that the beam 23a in the uppermost steel frame 10 of the civil engineering structure 1 is formed, for example, from a channel steel beam having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross section intersecting the longitudinal direction, and the connecting holes 23c are used to connect the top panel member 26, which will be described later.

[0031] The beams 23b are formed, for example, from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross section crossing the longitudinal direction. The beams 23b connect two columns 21a to each other at their lower ends in the width direction W. The beams 23b have a plurality of connecting holes 23d. The connecting holes 23d are formed in pairs with the web between them and at a predetermined interval in the width direction W. The connecting holes 23d are used to connect the front member 24, bottom member 27, diagonal members 61a, and front member 64a, which will be described later. In the civil engineering structure 1, the beams 23b in the steel frame 10 other than the lowest one are formed, for example, from H-shaped steel.

[0032] The front surface portion 12a has a plurality of front surface materials 24 spaced at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from leaking out of the steel frame 10. The front surface materials 24 are formed, for example, from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the front surface material 24 is connected to the beam material 23a, and the other end is connected to the beam material 23b. The pillar material 21a, the beam materials 23a and 23b, and the front surface materials 24 are connected to each other with bolts and nuts, but this is not particularly limited and they may also be connected by pins.

[0033] (rear part) The rear surface portion 12b faces the upstream side and is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view. The rear surface portion 12b is defined by two pillars 21b and beams (frame members) 25a, 25b. The two pillars 21b are provided at a predetermined interval from each other in the width direction W.

[0034] The beam 25a is formed, for example, from an H-shaped steel beam. The beam 25a connects two columns 21b together at their upper ends in the width direction W. The beam 25a has a plurality of connecting holes 25c. The connecting holes 25c are formed in pairs with a web between them and at a predetermined interval in the width direction W. The connecting holes 25c are used to connect rear members (not shown) in the upper two levels of steel frames 10 in the civil engineering structure 1. Note that the beam 25a in the uppermost steel frame 10 in the civil engineering structure 1 is formed, for example, from a channel steel beam having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross section crossing the longitudinal direction, and the connecting holes 25c are used to connect a ceiling member 26 (see FIG. 4), which will be described later.

[0035] The beams 25b are formed, for example, from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross section crossing the longitudinal direction. The beams 25b connect two columns 21b to each other at their lower ends in the width direction W. The beams 25b have a plurality of connecting holes 25d. The connecting holes 25d are formed at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. The connecting holes 25d are used to connect the bottom surface member 27, rear surface member 64b, and diagonal members 61b, which will be described later. Note that the beams 25b in the steel frames 10 other than the lowest one in the civil engineering structure 1 are formed, for example, from H-shaped steel, and the connecting holes 25d in the steel frames 10 other than the two lowermost ones are used to connect the rear surface members (not shown), which will be described later.

[0036] In the civil engineering structure 1, the rear surface portions 12b of the upper two steel frames 10 in the height direction H have a plurality of rear surface members (not shown) at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material (described later) from spilling out of the steel frame 10. The rear surface members are formed, for example, from angle irons having an L-shaped or approximately L-shaped cross section intersecting the longitudinal direction. One end of the rear surface member is connected to a beam 25a, and the other end is connected to a beam 25b. In the civil engineering structure 1, the lower two steel frames 10 in the height direction H do not have rear surface members because a reinforcing frame 30 (described later) is connected to the rear surface members. The columns 21b, beams 25a and 25b, and rear surface members are connected to each other with bolts and nuts, but this is not particularly limited and they may also be connected with pins.

[0037] (Top part) The top surface portion 13a faces upward in the height direction H and is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view. The top surface portion 13a is defined by connecting members 22a and beam members 23a and 25a. In this embodiment, connecting members 22a are provided at three locations in the width direction W. Two connecting members 22a are provided back-to-back at each location. The middle connecting member 22a is connected to the beam member 23a and the beam member 25a in the depth direction D.

[0038] 4 is a plan view of the uppermost steel frame 10. Of the civil engineering structure 1, the top surface portion 13a of the steel frame 10 at the top in the height direction H has a plurality of top surface materials 26 for preventing the filling material, which will be described later, from spilling out of the steel frame 10. The top surface materials 26 are provided at predetermined intervals in the width direction W between the beams 23a and 25a. The steel frames 10 other than the top one in the height direction H do not have top surface materials 26.

[0039] The top surface material 26 is formed, for example, from flat steel having a rectangular or nearly rectangular cross section intersecting the longitudinal direction. One end of the top surface material 26 is connected to the beam 23a, and the other end is connected to the beam 25a. The connecting material 22a and the beams 23a and 25a are connected to each other with bolts and nuts, but this is not particularly limited and they may also be connected by pins.

[0040] (bottom part) FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the lowest steel frame 10. The bottom portion 13b faces downward in the height direction H and is rectangular in plan view. The bottom portion 13b is defined by connecting members 22b, beams 23b, and beams 25b. In this embodiment, connecting members 22b are provided at three locations in the width direction W. Two connecting members 22b are provided back-to-back at each location. The middle bottom connecting member 22b is connected to beams 23b and 25b in the depth direction D. The bottom portion 13b has a plurality of bottom members 27 for preventing the filling material (described later) from spilling out of the steel frame 10. The bottom members 27 are provided between beams 23b and 25b at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. Steel frames 10 other than the lowest one in the height direction H do not have bottom members 27.

[0041] Bottom surface material 27 is formed, for example, from flat steel having a rectangular or nearly rectangular cross section intersecting the longitudinal direction. One end of bottom surface material 27 is connected to beam material 23b, and the other end is connected to beam material 25b. The above-mentioned connecting material 22b and beam materials 23b, 25b are connected to each other with bolts and nuts, but this is not particularly limited and they may also be connected by pins.

[0042] [Reinforcing frame] The reinforcing frame 30 is provided upstream of the steel frames 10 in the first and second lower stages in the height direction H. In other words, the reinforcing frame 30 is provided on the side of the rear surface 12b of the steel frame 10. The reinforcing frame 30 is a frame formed by combining steel frame materials three-dimensionally, and has a left side surface 31a and a right side surface 31b facing in the width direction W, a rear surface 32 facing in the depth direction D, and a top surface 33a and a bottom surface 33b facing in the height direction H. Note that the following will describe the reinforcing frame 30 provided on the steel frame 10 installed in the lowest stage in the civil engineering structure 1.

[0043] (Left side part, right side part) The left side surface portion 31a is the end surface on the left side when viewed from the downstream side, and the right side surface portion 31b is the end surface on the right side when viewed from the downstream side. The left side surface portion 31a and the right side surface portion 31b are formed in a rectangular shape. The left side surface portion 31a is defined by pillars 21b, pillars 41, and connecting members 42a and 42b. Each pillar 41 is formed, for example, from an H-shaped steel, and is erected in the height direction H. The pillars 41 are erected on the upstream side of the pillars 21b of the steel frame 10.

[0044] The connecting member 42a is formed, for example, by an angle iron having an L-shaped or approximately L-shaped cross section that intersects with the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 42a connects the pillar 41 and the pillar 21b to each other at the upper end portions (hereinafter also referred to as "upper end portions") of the pillar 41 and the pillar 21b in the height direction H. The connecting member 42b is formed, for example, by an angle iron having an L-shaped or approximately L-shaped cross section that intersects with the longitudinal direction. The connecting member 42b connects the pillar 21a and the pillar 21b to each other in the depth direction D at the lower end portions (hereinafter also referred to as "lower end portions") of the pillar 41 and the pillar 21b in the height direction H.

[0045] The left side surface portion 31a and the right side surface portion 31b of the reinforcing frame 30, which are provided at both ends in the width direction W, have a plurality of side surfaces 36 (see FIG. 2B) at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent filler material, which will be described later, from leaking out of the reinforcing frame 30. The side surfaces 36 are formed, for example, from angle irons having an L-shaped or substantially L-shaped cross section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the side surface material 36 is connected to the pillar material 41, and the other end is connected to the pillar material 21b, and the side surface material 36 is provided between the pillar material 41 and the pillar material 21b.

[0046] (rear part) In the reinforcing frame 30, a rear surface portion 32 facing the upstream side is defined by pillars 41 and beams 43a, 43b. The beam 43a is formed, for example, from an H-shaped steel. The beam 43a connects two pillars 41 to each other at their upper ends in the width direction W. The beam 45a has a plurality of connecting holes 45c. The connecting holes 45c are formed in pairs with the web between them and at a predetermined interval in the width direction W. The connecting holes 45c are used to connect a rear surface member 46, which will be described later. Note that the beams 45a in the upper reinforcing frame 30 in the civil engineering structure 1 are formed, for example, from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross section that intersects in the longitudinal direction.

[0047] The beams 43b are formed, for example, from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. The beams 43b connect two columns 41 to each other at their lower ends in the width direction W. The beams 43b have a plurality of connecting holes 43d. The connecting holes 43d are formed at predetermined intervals in the width direction W. The connecting holes 43d are used to connect a rear panel 46, which will be described later. Note that the beams 43b in the upper reinforcing frame 30 of the civil engineering structure 1 are formed, for example, from H-shaped steel.

[0048] The rear portion 32 has a plurality of rear members 46 spaced at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filler material, which will be described later, from spilling out of the reinforcing frame 30. The rear members 46 are formed, for example, from channel steel having an L-shaped or nearly L-shaped cross section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the rear members 46 is connected to beam 43a, and the other end is connected to beam 43b.

[0049] (Top part) The top surface portion 33a faces upward in the height direction H and is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view. The top surface portion 33a is defined by connecting members 42a, beam members 43a, and beam members 25a. In this embodiment, connecting members 42a are provided at three locations in the width direction W. Two connecting members 42a are provided back-to-back at each location. The middle connecting member 42a is connected to the beam members 43a and 25a in the depth direction D.

[0050] In the civil engineering structure 1, the top surface portion 33a of the reinforcing frame 30 at the upper level in the height direction H has a plurality of top surface materials (not shown) for preventing the filling material, which will be described later, from spilling out of the reinforcing frame 30. The top surface materials are provided at predetermined intervals in the width direction W between the beams 43a and 25a. The reinforcing frame 30 at the lower level in the height direction H does not have a surface material.

[0051] The top surface material is formed, for example, from flat steel having a rectangular or nearly rectangular cross section crossing the longitudinal direction. One end of the top surface material is connected to beam 43a, and the other end is connected to beam 25a. The above-mentioned connecting material 42a, beam 43a, and beam 25a are connected to each other with bolts and nuts, but this is not particularly limited and they may also be connected with pins.

[0052] (bottom part) The bottom surface portion 33b faces downward in the height direction H and is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view. The bottom surface portion 33b is defined by connecting members 42b, beam members 43b, and beam members 25b. In this embodiment, connecting members 42b are provided at three locations in the width direction W. Two connecting members 42b are provided back-to-back at each location. The middle connecting member 42b is connected to the beam members 43b and 25b in the depth direction D.

[0053] In the civil engineering structure 1, the bottom surface portion 33b of the reinforcing frame 30 at the lower level in the height direction H has a plurality of bottom surface materials 47 for preventing the filling material, which will be described later, from spilling out of the reinforcing frame 30. The bottom surface materials 47 are provided at predetermined intervals in the width direction W between the beams 43b and 25b. The reinforcing frame 30 at the upper level in the height direction H does not have a bottom surface material 47.

[0054] Bottom surface material 47 is formed, for example, from flat steel having a rectangular or nearly rectangular cross section intersecting the longitudinal direction. One end of bottom surface material 47 is connected to beam 43b, and the other end is connected to beam 25b. The above-mentioned connecting material 42b, beam 43b, and beam 25a are connected to each other with bolts and nuts, but this is not particularly limited and they may also be connected with pins.

[0055] [Base frame] FIG. 6 is a front view of the embedment frame 50 as seen from the downstream side. The embedment frame 50 is provided in each stage of the steel frame 10 in the civil engineering structure 1. Specifically, the embedment frame 50 is provided between the steel frame 10 provided at both ends in the width direction W of each stage and the steel frame 10 provided at both ends in the width direction W of the upper stage. When connected to the steel frame 10, the embedment frame 50 has a front surface 51a, a rear surface 51b, and a bottom surface (inclined surface) 52 (see FIGS. 2A and 2B). Note that the embedment frame 50 may be provided on only one of the steel frames 10 provided at both ends in the width direction W of each stage.

[0056] (Front part) The front surface portion 51a faces the downstream side and is formed in a triangular shape in a plan view. The front surface portion 51a is defined by the pillars 21a of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the width direction W, the beams 23b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the height direction H, and the diagonal member 61a. The diagonal member 61a extends obliquely between the lower end of the pillar 21a of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the width direction W and the beams 23b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the height direction H. Specifically, the diagonal member 61a is connected to the beam 23b on the side of the pillar 21a that is located on the free end side in the width direction W of the two pillars 21a adjacent in the height direction H.

[0057] Figure 7A is a partially enlarged front view to explain the configuration of the diagonal members 61a and 61b. Figure 7B is a partially enlarged rear view to explain the configuration of the diagonal members 61a and 61b. Figure 7C is a plan sectional view to explain the configuration of the diagonal members 61a and 61b. Figure 7D is a front perspective view to explain the configuration of the diagonal members 61a and 61b. Figure 7E is a rear perspective view to explain the configuration of the diagonal members 61a and 61b. The diagonal members 61a and 61b according to the present invention are stored between the flanges of the pillar members 21a and 21b of the steel frame 10.

[0058] The diagonal member 61a is formed, for example, by an angle iron having an L-shaped or nearly L-shaped cross section intersecting the longitudinal direction, and has wall portions 66a, 66b that are at right angles or nearly right angles to each other. When the diagonal member 61a is connected to another member (hereinafter also referred to as the "connected state"), the wall portion 66a faces downstream, and the wall portion 66b faces downward in the height direction H and diagonally downward to the side in the width direction W.

[0059] The diagonal member 61a has a connecting portion 63a and an inclined portion 65a. In the connected state, the connecting portion 63a is directly connected to the pillar 21a, inserted between the flanges of the pillar 21a, and extends along the longitudinal direction (extension direction) of the pillar 21a. The diagonal member 61a has multiple holes 61c in the wall portion 66a of the inclined portion 65a. One end of the diagonal member 61a is directly connected to the flange of the pillar 21a facing downstream through the holes 61c, and the other end is connected to the upper beam 23b. The connecting point C1 of the connecting portion 63a of the diagonal member 61a with the pillar 21a is located at the same or approximately the same position in the height direction H as the connecting point C2 with the beam 23b on the opposite side across the web of the pillar 21a.

[0060] The inclined portion 65a is connected at one end to the upper beam 23b and at the other end to the connecting portion 63a. The diagonal member 61a is connected to the upper steel frame 10 by aligning a hole 61c at one end with a connecting hole 23d formed in the beam 23b and inserting a connecting tool such as a bolt and nut through the hole 61c.

[0061] The inclined portion 65a extends toward the upper beam 23b at a predetermined angle relative to the connecting portion 63a. The angle of the inclined portion 65a relative to the connecting portion 63a can be set as appropriate. In the inclined portion 65a, the wall portion 66b extends upstream from the lower edge of the wall portion 66a in the height direction H. In the inclined portion 65a, the connecting point C1 between the connecting portion 63a and the column 21a is located on the longitudinal extension line of the wall portion 66b, and this extension line also coincides with the lower end of the web of the column 21a. The exterior angle between the inclined portion 65a and the beam 23b of the steel frame 10 connected in the height direction H satisfies "270-θ" when the angle between the connecting portion 63a and the inclined portion 65a is "θ" (90<θ<180) (see Figure 6). The angle θ coincides with or substantially coincides with the exterior angle formed by the inclined portion 65a and the pillar material 21a of the steel frame 10 to which one end of the inclined portion 65a is connected.

[0062] The front surface portion 51a has a plurality of front surface members 64a at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material, which will be described later, from spilling out of the root frame 50. The front surface members 64a are formed, for example, from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the front surface members 64a is connected to the beam member 23b, and the other end is connected to the inclined portion 65a of the diagonal member 61a.

[0063] (rear part) FIG. 8 is a rear view of the embedded frame 50 as seen from the upstream side. The rear surface portion 51b faces the upstream side and is triangular in plan view. The rear surface portion 51b is defined by the column 21b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the width direction W, the beam 25b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the height direction H, and the member 61b. The diagonal member 61b extends obliquely between the lower end of the column 21b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the width direction W and the beam 25b of the steel frame 10 adjacent in the height direction H. Specifically, the diagonal member 61b is connected to the beam 25b on the side of the column 21b that is located on the free end side in the width direction W of the two column members 21b adjacent in the height direction H.

[0064] The diagonal member 61b is formed, for example, by an angle iron having an L-shaped or nearly L-shaped cross section intersecting the longitudinal direction, and has wall portions 67a, 67b that are at right angles or nearly right angles to each other. When the diagonal member 61b is connected to another member (hereinafter also referred to as the "connected state"), the wall portion 67a faces the upstream side, and the wall portion 67b faces downward in the height direction H and diagonally downward to the side in the width direction W.

[0065] The diagonal member 61b has a connecting portion 63b and an inclined portion 65b. In the connected state, the connecting portion 63b is directly connected to the pillar 21b, inserted between the flanges of the pillar 21b, and extends along the longitudinal direction (extension direction) of the pillar 21b. The diagonal member 61b has multiple holes 61d in the wall portion 66b of the inclined portion 65b, and through the holes 61d, one end of the diagonal member 61b is directly connected to the flange of the pillar 21b facing downstream, and the other end is connected to the upper beam 25b. The connecting point C3 of the connecting portion 63b of the diagonal member 61b with the pillar 21b is located at the same or approximately the same position in the height direction H as the connecting point C4 with the beam 23b on the opposite side across the web of the pillar 21a.

[0066] The inclined portion 65b is connected at one end to the upper beam 25b and at the other end to the connecting portion 63b. The diagonal member 61b is connected to the upper steel frame 10 by aligning a hole 61d at one end with a connecting hole 25d formed in the beam 25b and inserting a connecting tool such as a bolt and nut through the hole 61d.

[0067] The inclined portion 65b extends toward the upper beam 25b at a predetermined angle relative to the connecting portion 63b. The angle of the inclined portion 65b relative to the connecting portion 63b can be set as appropriate. In the inclined portion 65b, the wall portion 67b extends upstream from the lower edge of the wall portion 67a in the height direction H. In the inclined portion 65b, the connecting point C3 between the connecting portion 63b and the column 21b is located on the longitudinal extension line of the wall portion 67b, and this extension line also coincides with the lower end of the web of the column 21b. The exterior angle between the inclined portion 65b and the beam 25b of the steel frame 10 connected in the height direction H satisfies "270-θ" when the angle between the connecting portion 63b and the inclined portion 65b is "θ" (90<θ<180) (see FIG. 8). The angle θ coincides with or substantially coincides with the exterior angle formed by the inclined portion 65b and the pillar material 21b of the steel frame 10 to which one end of the inclined portion 65b is connected.

[0068] The rear portion 51b has a plurality of rear surface members 64b spaced at predetermined intervals in the width direction W to prevent the filling material, described later, from spilling out of the root frame 50. The rear surface members 64b are formed, for example, from channel steel having a U-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross section that intersects in the longitudinal direction. One end of the rear surface members 64b is connected to the beam member 25b, and the other end is connected to the inclined portion 65b of the diagonal member 61b.

[0069] (bottom part) The bottom surface portion 52 faces downward in the height direction H and diagonally to the side in the width direction W, and is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view. The bottom surface portion 52 is defined by the steel frame 10 connected to the upper side in the height direction H, connecting members 22b of the steel frame 10 connected in the width direction W, and diagonal members 61a, 61b. The bottom surface portion 52 has a plurality of bottom surface members 53 for preventing the filling material, which will be described later, from spilling out of the steel frame 10 (see FIG. 2B). The bottom surface members 53 are provided at predetermined intervals in the width direction W between the diagonal members 61a, 61b.

[0070] The bottom surface material 53 is formed, for example, from flat steel having a rectangular or nearly rectangular cross section crossing the longitudinal direction. One end of the bottom surface material 53 is connected to the wall portion 66b of the diagonal member 61a, and the other end is connected to the wall portion 67b of the diagonal member 61b. The above-mentioned connecting members 22b, diagonal members 61a, diagonal members 61b, and bottom surface material 53 are each connected by bolts and nuts, but this is not particularly limited and they may also be connected by pins.

[0071] [Filling material] Filling material (not shown) is filled into the steel frame 10, the reinforcing frame 30, and the embedded frame 50. As the filling material, boulders, broken stones, etc. are used in view of water permeability.

[0072] The angle θ formed between the connecting portions 63a, 63b and the inclined portions 65a, 65b varies depending on the inclination of the ground on which the civil engineering structure 1 according to the present invention is to be installed, and it is necessary to prepare diagonal members 61a, 61b having an appropriate angle θ to match the inclination of the ground. According to this embodiment, the beams 23b, 25b of the steel frame 10 to which the diagonal members 61a, 61b are connected, for example, those connected to the upper side in the height direction H, have multiple connecting holes 23d, 25d along the width direction W, so that the diagonal members 61a, 61b can be connected to any of the connecting holes 23d, 25d.

[0073] In civil engineering structures, the root frame must be rooted into the ground along the slope of the ground, and the ground must be excavated to a predetermined depth. The diagonal members 61a, 61b according to the present invention are stored between the flanges of the columns 21a, 21b of the steel frame 10 at the connecting portions 63a, 63b. A center line A1 passing through the centers of the columns 21a, 21b intersects with an extension line B1 of the wall portion 66b of the diagonal member 61a and the wall portion 67b of the diagonal member 61b at the lower ends of the columns 21a, 21b (see FIGS. 6, 7A, and 8). The excavation line for the root frame 50 is aligned or approximately aligned with the wall portion 66b of the diagonal member 61a and the wall portion 67b of the diagonal member 61b. This allows the diagonal members 61a, 61b to be close to the steel frame 10, reducing the amount of excavation required.

[0074] <Other> While the present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not limited to these embodiments and encompasses all aspects encompassed by the concept and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, various configurations may be selectively combined as appropriate to achieve at least some of the above-described problems and advantages. Furthermore, the shape, material, arrangement, size, etc., of each component in the above-described embodiments may be modified as appropriate depending on the specific application of the present invention. For example, the diagonal members 61a and 61b may each have an extension at the other end connected to the beam members 23b and 25b. Below, diagonal members according to modified examples are described using Figures 9 to 11. Note that, in the following, parts that are the same as those in the above-described embodiment are designated by different reference numerals and will not be described again. Note that the front member 64a and the rear member 64b are not shown in Figures 9 to 11.

[0075] 9 is a diagram illustrating diagonal members 71a and 71b according to Modification 1. The diagonal members 71a and 71b according to Modification 1 have extensions 72a and 72b at the other ends. The extensions 72a and 72b form a predetermined angle with respect to the inclined portions 75a and 75b of the diagonal members 71a and 71b, and extend outward (toward the slope) in the width direction W along the beams 23b and 25b. The extensions 72a and 72b are formed integrally with or separately from the diagonal members 71a and 71b.

[0076] When the connecting portions 73a, 73b and the inclined portions 75a, 75b form an angle θ (90°<θ<180°) with each other, that is, when the inclined portions 75a, 75b form an angle θ (90°<θ<180°) with the pillar materials 21a, 21b of the steel frame 10, the extension portions 72a, 72b form an angle with the inclined portions 75a, 75b that satisfies "270-θ".

[0077] In the connected state, the extensions 72a, 72b extend parallel or approximately parallel to the beams 23b, 25b. The extensions 72a, 72b have at least one hole (not shown). The hole is provided on the opposite side of the transition between the extensions 72a, 72b and the inclined portions 75a, 75b. In the connected state, this hole is aligned with one of the connection holes 23d, 25d formed in the beams 23b, 25b.

[0078] 10 is a diagram illustrating diagonal members 81a, 81b according to Modification 2. The diagonal members 81a, 81b according to Modification 2 have extensions 82a, 82b at the other ends. The extensions 82a, 82b form a predetermined angle with respect to the inclined portions 85a, 85b of the diagonal members 81a, 81b, and extend inward (toward the steel frame 10) in the width direction W along the beams 25a, 25b. The extensions 82a, 82b are formed integrally with or separately from the diagonal members 81a, 81b.

[0079] When the connecting portions 83a, 83b and the inclined portions 85a, 85b form an angle θ (90°<θ<180°) with each other, that is, when the inclined portions 85a, 85b form an angle θ (90°<θ<180°) with the pillar materials 21a, 21b of the steel frame 10, the extension portions 82a, 82b form an angle (interior angle) with the inclined portions 85a, 85b that satisfies "-90+θ".

[0080] In the connected state, the extensions 82a, 82b extend parallel or approximately parallel to the beams 23b, 25b. The inclined portions 85a, 85b have at least one hole (not shown). The hole is provided on the opposite side of the transition between the extensions 82a, 82b and the inclined portions 85a, 85b. In the connected state, this hole is aligned with one of the connection holes 23d, 25d formed in the beams 23b, 25b.

[0081] 11 is a diagram illustrating diagonal members 91a and 91b according to Modification 3. The diagonal members 91a and 91b according to Modification 3 have extensions 92a and 92b at the other ends. The extensions 92a and 92b intersect with the inclined portions 95a and 95b of the diagonal members 91a and 91b and extend outward (toward the slope) and inward (toward the steel frame 10) in the width direction W along the beams 23b and 25b. The extensions 92a and 92b are formed integrally with or separately from the diagonal members 91a and 91b.

[0082] When the connecting portions 93a, 93b and the inclined portions 95a, 95b form an angle θ (90°<θ<180°) with each other, that is, when the inclined portions 95a, 95b form an angle θ (90°<θ<180°) with the pillar materials 21a, 21b of the steel frame 10, the extension portions 92a, 92b form an (interior angle) angle with the inclined portions 95a, 95b that satisfies "270-θ" on the outside and "-90+θ" on the inside.

[0083] In the connected state, the extensions 92a, 92b extend parallel or approximately parallel to the beams 23b, 25b. The extensions 92a, 92b have at least one hole (not shown) at each end. In the connected state, these holes are aligned with one of the connection holes 23d, 25d formed in the beams 23b, 25b.

[0084] For example, even if, in the connected state, the angle θ causes holes 61c, 61d in diagonal members 61a, 61b not to align with any of holes 23d, 25d formed in beams 23b, 25b of the steel frame 10, according to diagonal members 71a, 81a, 91a, 71b, 81b, 91b of variants 1 to 3, the extensions 72a, 82a, 92a, 72b, 82b, 92b extend along beams 23b, 25b, so that they align with any of holes 23d, 25d in beams 23b, 25b, and can flexibly respond to the slope of the ground on which the civil engineering structure 1 is constructed.

[0085] In the above embodiment, the steel frames 10 are unitized, but the steel frames 10 connected in the height direction H and the width direction W may be configured with the same connected steel material. For example, among the steel frames 10 connected in the height direction H, the connecting member 22a and the beams 23a, 25a of the lower steel frame 10 may be the same as the connecting member 22b and the beams 23b, 25b of the upper steel frame 10, respectively. Furthermore, the steel frames 10 connected in the width direction W may use the same columns 21a, 21b. [Explanation of symbols]

[0086] 1...Civil engineering structures 10···Steel frame, 21a, 21b··Column material (frame material), 22a, 22b··Connecting material (frame material), 23a, 23b···Beam material (frame material), 25a, 25b···Beam material (frame material), 50···Insertion frame, 61a, 61b; 71a, 71b; 81a, 81b; 91a, 91b···Diagonal member, 72a, 72b; 82a, 82b; 92a, 92b···Extension part

Claims

1. A plurality of steel frames connected to each other in a height direction and a cross direction crossing the height direction; A steel embedment frame connected to at least one of the steel frames located at both ends in the one intersecting direction and embedded in the ground; Equipped with The embedment frame has one end directly connected to the lower end of the steel frame connected to the upper side in the height direction and the other end directly connected to the lower end of the steel frame connected in the one intersecting direction, and has a steel diagonal member extending obliquely, The frame member to which the diagonal member is connected among the frame members of the steel frame connected to the upper side in the height direction has a plurality of holes along the one cross direction that are used for connection at positions that enable connection of one end of the diagonal member depending on the outer angle between the diagonal member and the frame member to which the other end of the diagonal member is connected among the frame members of the steel frame connected in the one cross direction. A civil engineering structure characterized by:

2. A civil engineering structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that when the exterior angle is ``θ (90 < θ < 180)'', the exterior angle between the diagonal member and the frame member of the steel frame connected in the height intersecting direction to which the other end of the diagonal member is connected is ``270 - θ'' or the interior angle is ``-90 + θ''.

3. A civil engineering structure as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diagonal member has an extension extending along the one cross direction on the side of the one end, and the extension has a hole at a position overlapping with at least one of the plurality of holes, which serves to connect to the frame member.

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