Ptolemie tube

Abstract

To provide a tremie tube that realizes rapid flow down of an input material, and a method of inputting sediment using the tremie tube.SOLUTION: A tremie tube (100) according to one aspect of the present invention is a tremie tube in which material flows down inside the tube (1). A discharge tube (2) having a smaller inner diameter than that of the tube (1) is arranged on top of the tube (1).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a tremie pipe and a method for charging soil and sand using the tremie pipe. [Background technology]

[0002] Tremie pipes are sometimes used to dump soil into the sea during construction work such as backfilling excavated areas in the seabed, reclamation in ports, construction of submerged breakwaters, and shallow area creation. The tremie pipe is placed in the sea with its upper end above the water surface and its lower end facing the seabed, and soil is dumped from the upper end. Using tremie pipes in this way reduces pollution in the sea and allows for environmentally friendly construction.

[0003] One such tremie pipe is a double-pipe pipe in which an outer pipe, which is larger in both diameter and length than the inner pipe, is placed around an inner pipe with an opening near the still water surface (Patent Documents 1 to 3). The opening in the inner pipe is provided for the purpose of suppressing the diffusion of contamination when sediment is introduced by circulating water between the outer and inner pipes. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-129568 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-129569 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-69076 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] When viscous materials such as calcium carbonate-improved soil and dredged soil are poured into the sea using a tremie pipe, there is a concern that the viscous material may clog the tremie pipe. To prevent clogging of the tremie pipe, the pipe diameter must be increased, but increasing the pipe diameter increases the amount of seawater that comes into contact with the poured material, which can cause pollution. In addition, particularly in the case of calcium carbonate-improved soil, problems such as material separation and a decrease in the strength exhibited after pouring can occur due to material separation and entrainment of seawater.

[0006] Furthermore, even if the lump of material introduced flows down the tremie pipe without clogging it, pulsation occurs in the pipe, causing the water level to rise and fall repeatedly, making it more likely for material separation and turbidity to occur.

[0007] In addition, large grab buckets (several meters 3 ~20m 3 ) and backhoe bucket (several meters 3 ~10m 3 When using a conveyor belt (approximately 1000 sq. meters) to load large amounts of calcium carbonate-improved soil or cement-solidified soil into a hopper for tremie pouring, the material must be lowered quickly. While loading by belt conveyor provides continuous supply, loading by bucket does not supply the material to the hopper during the process of grabbing and rotating the material, and the material is loaded all at once into the hopper, causing the material to accumulate at the top of the tremie pipe and increasing the possibility of clogging the tremie pipe. Furthermore, if the material does not descend quickly, the lumps of material will separate, increasing the surface area of ​​the lumps and the amount of turbidity generated.

[0008] Therefore, one aspect of the present invention aims to provide a tremie pipe that enables the rapid flow of input material, and a method for inputting soil and sand using the tremie pipe. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, one aspect of the present invention provides a tremie pipe through which material flows, the tremie pipe comprising a pipe and a discharge pipe disposed above the pipe and having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe.

[0010] According to the above configuration, a tremie pipe can be provided that allows the input material to flow down quickly.

[0011] Furthermore, the above configuration allows the material to flow quickly, preventing the material from separating. This also prevents the increase in the surface area of ​​the material due to separation, and thus prevents the water from becoming turbid.

[0012] In addition, the tremie pipe converts the input material into a mass having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the discharge pipe, and drops the mass down the pipe.

[0013] According to the above configuration, since the outer diameter of the discharge pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe, the input material flowing down the discharge pipe forms clumps with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the discharge pipe at most and is input into the pipe. As a result, the clumps experience reduced frictional resistance with the inner wall of the pipe, do not clog the pipe, and flow down quickly. In addition, the contact between the inner wall of the tremie pipe and the clumps of input material is reduced, suppressing the generation of turbidity.

[0014] The tremie pipe may have a cylindrical structure in which the discharge pipe has a circular or rectangular cross section.

[0015] According to the above configuration, if the cross section of the discharge pipe is circular, the mass will be circular and have a maximum diameter approximately equal to the inner diameter of the discharge pipe. By introducing the circular mass into the pipe, the mass can be allowed to flow down the pipe while suppressing material separation. Furthermore, if the cross section of the discharge pipe is rectangular, the mass will be a mass whose maximum diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the discharge pipe. This creates a gap between the circumferential surface of the mass and the inner circumferential surface of the pipe due to the difference in cross-sectional shape. This gap allows water below the mass to efficiently move to the top of the mass, facilitating the mass's flow down the pipe.

[0016] In addition, the tremie pipe may have an upward opening at the connection between the pipe and the discharge pipe, which opening is created by the difference between the inner diameter of the pipe and the outer diameter of the discharge pipe, and may be configured so that at least one of air or water flows in and out between the inside and outside of the pipe through the opening.

[0017] According to the above-mentioned configuration, at least one of air and water passes through the opening formed by the difference between the inner diameter of the pipe and the outer diameter of the discharge pipe, so that when the material is first poured into the discharge pipe, air can be discharged outside the pipe, preventing clogging. Furthermore, when the material is poured into the pipe from the discharge pipe, water can flow from the opening above the material (lump of material), preventing clogging of the pipe and contributing to facilitating the flow of the material down.

[0018] The connection portion of the tremie pipe may be located at a position higher than the lower end of the discharge pipe.

[0019] According to the above-mentioned configuration, the material discharge port at the bottom of the discharge pipe is inserted into the pipe through the material inlet at the top of the pipe, so that the lumps of material shaped by the discharge pipe are fed into the pipe without changing in size, preventing clogging inside the pipe.

[0020] The tremie pipe may also have a structure in which an inlet that opens to the outside is provided in the discharge pipe or the pipe along the circumferential direction of the discharge pipe or the pipe, and the inlet is located at a position straddling the water surface.

[0021] According to the above configuration, when the added material flows down the discharge pipe, the air below the material is quickly discharged from the outlet, and water flows into the discharge pipe or pipe from the outlet, allowing the material to flow down smoothly and not block the discharge pipe.

[0022] The tremie tube may have a plurality of elongated slits formed in the axial direction of the tube along the circumferential direction of the tube.

[0023] According to the above-mentioned configuration, water flows in and out through the slits at the top and bottom of the material flowing down the pipe. This promotes the rapid flow of the material. Furthermore, this rapid flow of the material can prevent contamination caused by the material.

[0024] In addition, the tremie pipe may have a plurality of elongated slits formed in the pipe axis direction along the circumferential direction of the pipe, and the inlet may have an opening width along the circumferential direction of the discharge pipe that is wider than the opening width of each of the slits formed along the circumferential direction of the pipe.

[0025] According to the above configuration, when the added material flows down the discharge pipe, the air below the material is quickly discharged from the inlet, allowing the added material to flow down smoothly and preventing the discharge pipe from becoming clogged.

[0026] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method for dumping soil and sand according to one aspect of the present invention involves using the tremie pipe to dump material.

[0027] According to the above configuration, a large grab bucket (several meters 3 ~20m 3 ) and backhoe bucket (several meters 3 ~10m 3 Even when a large amount of soil (such as calcium carbonate-modified soil or cement-solidified soil) is poured into the hopper for tremie pouring, the pipe can be poured smoothly without clogging. [Effects of the Invention]

[0028] According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a tremie pipe that enables the rapid flow of input material, and a method for inputting soil and sand using the tremie pipe. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] 1 is a front view of a tremie tube 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a front view of a tremie pipe according to a modified example of the tremie pipe 100 of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the descent of material when using a tremie tube 100a according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the descent of material when using a tremie tube 100b according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a front view of a tremie tube 100a' and a tremie tube 100b' according to a modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the descent of material when using a tremie tube 100a' according to a modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the descent of material when using a tremie tube 100b' according to a modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a front view of a tremie tube 100b'' according to a modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the descent of material when a tremie tube 100b'' according to a modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention is used. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a front view of a tremie tube 100d according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 10A and 10B are front views of tremie tubes 100e to 100g according to modifications of the tremie tube 100d according to the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the descent of material when using a tremie tube 100e according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the descent of material when using a tremie tube 100f according to a second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] [Embodiment 1] (1) Ptolemy 100 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail. Fig. 1 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of a tremie tube 100 of this embodiment.

[0031] The tremie pipe 100 shown in Figure 1 comprises a pipe 1 and a discharge pipe 2 that is disposed above the pipe 1 and has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe 1. After the material is fed into the tremie pipe 100, it descends through the discharge pipe 2, enters the pipe 1, and flows down inside the pipe 1.

[0032] The inner diameter of the pipe 1 may be adjusted as appropriate depending on the material supply rate, but as an example, the inner diameter of the pipe 1 may be 800 mm or more, preferably 1500 mm or more, and may be 3000 mm or less, preferably 2500 mm or less.

[0033] The length of the pipe 1 is not particularly limited, but may be a relatively long pipe length of 10,000 mm or more.

[0034] The discharge pipe 2 has a cylindrical structure inside which material flows down, is arranged vertically within the pipe 1, and is connected to the pipe 1 by connecting members (not shown) (for example, connections by welding using steel plate members or round bars, or connections using bolts). Note that the discharge pipe 2 does not have to be configured to be arranged coaxially with the pipe 1, as long as the pipe opening at the lower end is within the range of the pipe opening at the upper end of the pipe 1.

[0035] The outer diameter of discharge pipe 2 need only be less than the inner diameter of pipe 1. The difference between the inner diameter of pipe 1 and the outer diameter of discharge pipe 2 is preferably 5 cm or more, and more preferably 10 cm or more. By keeping this difference within the above range, an appropriate gap is created between the lump of material fed into pipe 1 as it flows down pipe 1, allowing the material to flow down quickly without clogging pipe 1.

[0036] According to the configuration of the tremie pipe 100, the charged material is formed into a mass in the discharge pipe 2 having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe 1, and the mass is then lowered into the pipe 1. Therefore, the charged material does not stagnate inside the tremie pipe 100, and the charged material can flow down quickly.

[0037] Furthermore, the configuration of the tremie pipe 100 allows for rapid flow down, preventing the separation of clumps of material. This prevents the increase in the surface area of ​​the clumps that accompanies separation, and prevents the water from becoming turbid.

[0038] Although not shown, the material is fed into the upper end of the discharge pipe 2 by a hopper arranged above the discharge pipe 2. The material can be dropped into the hopper using a bucket. The bucket may also be used to measure the amount of material to be fed. Instead of using a bucket for feeding, the material may also be fed into the hopper using a belt conveyor.

[0039] Since the inner diameter of discharge pipe 2 is smaller than that of pipe 1, the input material that flows down discharge pipe 2 is fed into pipe 1 in the form of lumps with an outer diameter that is approximately equal to the inner diameter of discharge pipe 2 at most. Therefore, the lumps flow down quickly without clogging pipe 1. The lumpy material that flows down is discharged from the lower end of pipe 1.

[0040] The discharge pipe 2 preferably has a cylindrical structure with a circular or rectangular cross section. If the cross section is circular, the mass will become a mass with a circular cross section and a diameter approximately equal to the inner diameter of the discharge pipe, and by charging this circular mass into the pipe 1, it can be made to flow down while suppressing the occurrence of material separation. If the cross section is rectangular, the charged material will become a mass with a maximum diameter equal to the inner diameter of the discharge pipe 2. As a result, a gap is created between the circumferential surface of the mass and the inner circumferential surface of the pipe 1 due to the difference in the shape of the cross section. This gap allows water below the mass to move efficiently to above the mass, promoting the mass to flow down.

[0041] The entire discharge pipe 2 may be placed in the air. With this configuration, there is no water resistance when the material flows down, and buoyancy does not act, and only air resistance is encountered, making it less likely for the material to become clogged in the discharge pipe 2. However, the placement of the discharge pipe 2 is not limited to this, and a portion of the pipe 1 side may also be placed underwater.

[0042] The tremie pipe 100 has an upward opening 11 at the connection between the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2, which is formed by the difference between the inner diameter of the pipe 1 and the outer diameter of the discharge pipe 2. At least one of air and water passes through the opening 11. This allows at least one of air and water to flow in and out between the inside and outside of the pipe 1 through the opening 11, preventing blockage of the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2 and promoting the flow of material down. Specifically, when the tremie pipe 100 is installed so that the opening 11 is in the air, as shown in FIG. 1, air below the material introduced into the discharge pipe 2 can be discharged, preventing blockage. Alternatively, when the tremie pipe 100 is installed so that the opening 11 is underwater, as in the case of the tremie pipe 100b shown in the center of FIG. 2 (described later), water can flow from the opening 11 into the upper part of the material (lump of material) as the material is introduced from the discharge pipe 2 into the pipe 1 and sinks, promoting the flow of material down and contributing to preventing blockage of the pipe 1. Furthermore, if pipe 1 is sufficiently large relative to discharge pipe 2, it is possible for the material to flow down without pulsation. In this way, opening 11 performs different functions depending on whether it is in water or air, and contributes to preventing clogging of pipe 1.

[0043] The connection between pipe 1 and discharge pipe 2 is located above the lower end of discharge pipe 2. As a result, material discharge outlet 22 at the lower end of discharge pipe 2 is located further inside the pipe than material inlet 14 at the upper end of said pipe, and discharge pipe 2 is inserted into pipe 1. As a result, the size of the material chunks adjusted by discharge pipe 2 is not changed when they are fed into pipe 1, preventing blockages. Furthermore, even if contamination occurs when the fed soil and sand moves from discharge pipe 2 to pipe 1, the lower end of discharge pipe 2 is located below the upper end of pipe 1, so the inner wall of pipe 1 prevents the discharge of contamination to the outside.

[0044] By using the configuration of the tremie pipe 100 of the first embodiment, it is possible to carry a large grab bucket (several meters 3 ~20m 3 ) and backhoe bucket (several meters 3 ~10m 3Even when a large amount of soil (e.g., viscous materials such as dredged soil, concrete, calcia-modified soil, and cement-solidified soil) is poured into the hopper for tremie pouring, the pipe 1 can be poured smoothly without clogging. In addition, because the poured material flows down the water in large chunks, the occurrence of turbidity can be suppressed. Furthermore, because material separation is suppressed and the amount of water entrained is reduced, the developed strength can be increased.

[0045] (Modification 1 of the tremie tube 100) The tremie pipe 100 is not limited to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and an inlet that is open both underwater and in the air and straddles the water surface A may be provided in either the pipe 1, the discharge pipe 2, or the connection part of the tremie pipe 100. Below, a modified example of the tremie pipe 100 with an inlet will be described using Fig. 2.

[0046] (Tremoe tube 100a) The tremie pipe 100a shown on the left side of Figure 2 is one modified example of the tremie pipe 100, and is provided with inlets 13 in the pipe 1 that straddle the water surface A and are open both to the water and to the air. Multiple inlets 13 are provided around the circumference of the pipe 1. The position of the inlets 13 may be within the range from the position straddling the water surface A to the position where the upper end of the inlets 13 is on the water surface or just below the water surface. The opening 11 is also above the water surface A.

[0047] The inlet 13 may have an inclined surface at its edge on the downstream side in the direction of flow of the material, inclined toward the upstream side of the flow direction inside the pipe 1. By providing the inclined surface, the corner facing the inside of the pipe 10 is obtuse, which makes it possible to suppress dispersion of lumps of material when they come into contact with the corner of the edge compared to when the corner is acute.

[0048] (Tremoe tube 100b) The tremie pipe 100b shown in the center of Figure 2 is one of the modified examples, and has an inlet 21 in the discharge pipe 2 that straddles the water surface A and is open both underwater and in the air. The position of the inlet 21 may be within the range from the position straddling the water surface to a position where the lower end of the inlet 21 is directly above the water surface A. The opening 11 is below the water surface A, and part of the discharge pipe 2 reaches below the water surface A.

[0049] Inlet 21 may have an inclined surface at its edge on the downstream side in the direction of material flow that is inclined toward the upstream side of the direction of material flow inside pipe 1. By providing an inclined surface, the corner facing the inside of pipe 10 is obtuse, which makes it possible to suppress dispersion of lumps of material when they come into contact with the corner of the edge compared to when the corner is acute.

[0050] (Tremoe tube 100c) The tremie pipe 100c shown on the right side of Figure 2 is one of the modified examples. A predetermined gap is provided between the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2, so that the pipes 1 and 2 overlap vertically and are not connected. This gap functions as the aforementioned inlets 13 and 21 (this gap is shown as inlet 4 in Figure 2). The width of the gap between the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2 (the length of the inlet 4 along the pipe axis) is preferably 10 cm to 50 cm. In the case of the tremie pipe 100c, the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2 can be connected by an L-shaped steel plate member (not shown), but the connection method is not limited to this. When using the tremie pipe 100c, it is desirable to install a contamination prevention frame around the tremie pipe 100c to prevent the diffusion of turbidity in case the flowing material collides with the water surface and flows out of the tremie pipe due to the width of the gap between the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2.

[0051] By providing an inlet as in each of the above-mentioned modified examples, it is possible to achieve a rapid flow of the introduced material and to suppress the occurrence of pollution. Specifically, after the material is introduced, air is discharged from the inlet to the outside of the discharge pipe 2, and then after the material has moved into the pipe 1, water (for example, seawater) can be introduced into the pipe 1, so that the material can flow smoothly and the pipe 1 will not be clogged.

[0052] (Materials of each component) The pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2 can be made of a material that is used for a known tremie pipe, such as a steel pipe.

[0053] (Viscous material and dosage form) The material to be charged into the tremie pipe 100 of the first embodiment may be a viscous material. The viscous material may be selected from the group consisting of dredged soil, PS ash-based modified soil, calcia-modified soil, lime-based modified soil, and cement-modified soil. The tremie pipe 100 may also be used when charging materials other than viscous materials, and may be used for, for example, the flow of earth and sand, rock rubble, concrete, etc. The materials listed above may contain the material to be charged, and an appropriate mixture of materials may be used.

[0054] The bucket to be used may be changed depending on the material. For example, a large grab bucket (several meters) 3 ~20m 3 ) and backhoe bucket (several meters 3 ~10m 3 To prevent clogging in the hopper, fluid materials or materials that have been crushed after solidification may be added. Fluid materials include those with a cylinder flow of 8.5 cm or more (NEXCO Test Method, Test Method 313, Test Method for Aerated Mortar and Aerated Milk).

[0055] Depending on the material to be charged, the state of the material may be determined as appropriate, such as a fluid state, a solidified state, etc. For example, when using calcia-improved soil as the material, it is preferable to charge it into the hopper in a fluid state immediately after mixing to 48 hours after mixing and not yet solidified, or in a crushed state after solidification.

[0056] Material can be added any number of times, as long as a certain time has passed since the nth (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1) time the material is added using a bucket, and then the n+1th time the material is added. The certain time may be the time it takes for the nth added material to descend to the point where pipe 1 is not clogged with the nth and n+1th added materials. For example, the nth added material may be added after it has completely descended.

[0057] The addition conditions and composition may be determined based on the objectives of obtaining a predetermined strength, preventing turbidity, and using both strength and turbidity as indicators. Depending on the material being added, the properties of the material may change over time after mixing, causing changes in the turbidity. For this reason, when changing the addition conditions, the material may be added after appropriately changing the composition to one that causes less turbidity depending on the progress of solidification and changes in fluidity of the material.

[0058] For example, it is known that the fluidity of calcia-improved soil changes over time, and that the fluidity affects the occurrence of turbidity. Even if the mixing rate of calcia modifier is 30 vol% and there is little turbidity when mixing on the same day and adding on the same day, if the same mixing rate is used when mixing on the same day and adding on the next day, solidification may progress and the amount of turbidity may increase. In this case, by adjusting the mixing rate of calcia modifier to 20 vol%, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of turbidity even when mixing on the same day and adding on the next day.

[0059] The amount (volume) of material to be added can be set appropriately depending on the pipe diameter of the discharge pipe 2 that constitutes the tremie pipe and the fluidity of the material. To prevent the discharge pipe 2 from clogging with material and to add the material efficiently, the volume of the material to be added is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 times the volume of a spherical lump of material whose diameter is the inner diameter of the discharge pipe 2.

[0060] For example, if the inner diameter of the discharge pipe 2 is 2.5 m, and a spherical lump of material is assumed to have a diameter equal to this inner diameter, the maximum volume of the lump of material is 8.2 m. 3 In this case, the material is 8m 3bucket or 10m 3 You can also adjust the amount by adding it in a bucket.

[0061] (2) How to add materials The method of injecting material (to the seabed) in this embodiment is carried out using the tremie pipe 100 described above. The method of injecting material will be described below with reference to Figures 3 and 4. Figure 3 shows the lowering of material using the tremie pipe 100a shown at the left end of Figure 2 mentioned above.

[0062] In Figure 3, (I) shows the initial state when the tremie pipe 100a is installed underwater with the discharge pipe 2 side in the air and the pipe 1 side in the sea, and material 3 is introduced into the discharge pipe 2 via a hopper (not shown) located at the top of the discharge pipe 2. The introduced material 3 flows down the discharge pipe 2. In the process, the material 3 is formed into a mass with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe 1. As the material 3 flows down, the air is pushed downward from inside the discharge pipe 2 and is discharged to the outside of the tremie pipe 100a through the opening 11 and the inlet 13. As a result, the material 3 descends without clogging inside the discharge pipe 2.

[0063] Here, in the tremie pipe 100a, the discharge pipe 2 is placed in the air. In this configuration, no buoyancy occurs in the discharge pipe 2 in water, making it easier for the material 3 to descend.

[0064] Next, (II) in Figure 3 shows the state immediately after the material 3 is poured into the pipe 1 from the discharge pipe 2. Immediately after the lump of material 3 descends from the discharge pipe 2 and enters the water from the upper end of the pipe 1, water flows into the upper part of the lump of material 3 from the inlet 13. This promotes the lump of material 3 to flow downward.

[0065] Next, (III) in Figure 3 shows the state at the stage when the lump of material 3 is flowing down pipe 1. Due to the action of discharge pipe 2, the lump of material 3 has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of pipe 1, so it flows down without getting clogged. Furthermore, the gap between pipe 1 and material 3 efficiently moves water below the lump to the top of the lump, promoting the flow of the lump of material 3 down.

[0066] Also, a method of dropping material using the tremie tube 100b shown in the center of FIG. 2 will be described with reference to FIG.

[0067] FIG. 4 (I) shows the initial state in which material 3 has been introduced into discharge pipe 2 via a hopper (not shown), with tremie pipe 100b installed with the discharge pipe 2 side in the air and the pipe 1 side in the sea, with the connection and opening 11 located underwater and the inlet 21 straddling the water surface A. The introduced material 3 flows down discharge pipe 2, and in the process, material 3 forms a mass with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of pipe 1. As material 3 flows down, air is pushed downward from within discharge pipe 2 and is discharged to the outside of tremie pipe 100b through inlet 21 provided in discharge pipe 2. As a result, material 3 descends without clogging within discharge pipe 2.

[0068] Next, (II) in Figure 4 shows the state immediately after material 3 has moved from discharge pipe 2 to pipe 1. As soon as the mass of material 3 descends from discharge pipe 2 and enters the water from the upper end of pipe 1, water immediately flows into the upper part of the mass of material 3 from inlet 21 and opening 11. This promotes the mass of material 3 to flow downward.

[0069] Next, (III) in Figure 4 shows the state at the stage when material 3 is flowing down pipe 1. Due to the action of discharge pipe 2, the mass of material 3 has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of pipe 1, so it flows down without becoming clogged. Furthermore, the gap between pipe 1 and material 3 efficiently moves water below the mass to the top of the mass, promoting the flow of the mass of material 3 down.

[0070] (Modification 2 of the tremie tube 100) Figure 5 shows another modified example of the tremie tube 100. Figures 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating the process of material flowing down using the modified tremie tube of Figure 5. The modified example will be explained using Figures 5 to 7.

[0071] (Tremoe tube 100a´) The tremie pipe 100a' shown on the left side of Fig. 5 differs from the tremie pipe 100a in Fig. 2 in the position of the inlet 13. Specifically, the tremie pipe 100a' has the upper end of the inlet 13 located at or just below the water surface. Also, the opening 11 is in the air.

[0072] The process of adding material using this tremie pipe 100a' is shown in Figure 6. (I) in Figure 6 shows the initial state when material 3 is added to discharge pipe 2 via a hopper (not shown) with tremie pipe 100a' installed underwater, with the discharge pipe 2 side in the air and the pipe 1 side in the sea. The added material 3 flows down discharge pipe 2. In the process, material 3 is formed into a mass with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of pipe 1. As material 3 flows down, air is pushed downward from within discharge pipe 2 and is discharged to the outside of tremie pipe 100a' through opening 11. As a result, material 3 descends without clogging within discharge pipe 2.

[0073] Next, (II) in Figure 6 shows the state immediately after the material 3 is poured from the discharge pipe 2 into the pipe 1. Immediately after the lump of material 3 descends from the discharge pipe 2 and enters the water from the upper end of the pipe 1, water flows into the upper part of the lump of material 3 from the inlet 13. This promotes the downward flow of the lump of material 3. (III) in Figure 6 is the same process as (III) in Figure 3, so a description thereof will be omitted.

[0074] (Tremoe tube 100b´) The tremie pipe 100b' shown on the right side of Fig. 5 differs from the tremie pipe 100b in Fig. 2 in the position of the inlet 21. Specifically, the tremie pipe 100b' has the lower end of the inlet 21 located at or just above the water surface A. In addition, the opening 11 is underwater.

[0075] The process of adding material using this tremie pipe 100b' is shown in Figure 7. (I) in Figure 7 shows the initial state when material 3 is added to discharge pipe 2 via a hopper (not shown) with tremie pipe 100b' installed underwater, with the discharge pipe 2 side in the air and the pipe 1 side in the sea. The added material 3 flows down discharge pipe 2. In the process, material 3 is formed into a mass with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of pipe 1. As material 3 flows down, air is pushed downward from within discharge pipe 2 and is discharged to the outside of tremie pipe 100b' through inlet 21. As a result, material 3 descends without clogging within discharge pipe 2.

[0076] Next, (II) in Figure 7 shows the state immediately after the material 3 is poured from the discharge pipe 2 into the pipe 1. Immediately after the lump of material 3 descends from the discharge pipe 2 and enters the water from the bottom end of the pipe 2, water flows into the upper part of the lump of material 3 from the opening 11. This promotes the flow of the lump of material 3 downward. (III) in Figure 7 is the same process as (III) in Figure 3, so a description thereof will be omitted.

[0077] (Modification example 3 of the tremie tube 100) Yet another modified example is shown in FIG.

[0078] (Tremoe tube 100b´´) The tremie pipe 100b'' in Figure 8 differs from the tremie pipe 100b in Figure 2 in that the pipe 1 has a larger diameter and the penetration length of pipe 2 into pipe 1. When the pipe diameter is large, as in the case of pipe 1 in tremie pipe 100b'', the difference between the outer diameter of discharge pipe 2 and the inner diameter of pipe 1 is large. As a result, the gap between material 3 and pipe 1 is sufficiently wide, and water below material 3 can easily move to the top of material 3, allowing the material to flow smoothly down. In addition, because the penetration length of pipe 2 is long, even if pollution flows out from inlet 21, it is possible to prevent the pollution from flowing out of pipe 1.

[0079] The tremie pipe 100b'' in Figure 8 differs from the tremie pipe 100b' shown on the right side of Figure 5 in that the diameter of pipe 1 is larger and the length of penetration of pipe 2 into pipe 1. The inlet 21 of the discharge pipe 2 is located across the water surface A. As shown in Figure 9(I), in the initial state when material 3 is introduced into the discharge pipe 2 via a hopper (not shown), as the introduced material 3 flows down the discharge pipe 2, air is pushed downward from within the discharge pipe 2 and is discharged out of the tremie pipe 100b'' through the inlet 21. Next, Figure 9(II) shows the state immediately after the material 3 is introduced from the discharge pipe 2 into pipe 1. As the mass of material 3 descends from the discharge pipe 2 and enters the water from the upper end of pipe 1, water immediately flows in from the inlet 21 above the mass of material 3. This promotes the flow of the mass of material 3 down. After that, the material 3 flows down the pipe 1 as shown in Figure 9(III). At this time, since there is a sufficient gap between the pipe 1 and the material 3, the water below the mass is efficiently moved to the top of the mass, promoting the flow down of the mass of material 3. In addition, since the penetration length of the pipe 2 is long, even if contaminants flow out from the inlet 21, the contaminants can be prevented from flowing out of the pipe 1.

[0080] [Embodiment 2] Other embodiments of the present invention will be described below. For ease of explanation, the same reference numerals will be used to designate components having the same functions as those described in the above embodiment, and the description thereof will not be repeated.

[0081] A tremie tube 100d shown in FIG. 10 differs from the tremie tube 100 shown in FIG. 1 in that a plurality of elongated slits 12 are provided in the tube 1 along the tube axis direction.

[0082] The slits 12 are openings provided in the wall of the pipe 1, and the slits 12 are provided at different positions along the circumferential direction of the pipe 1. The width of the slits 12 may be set taking into consideration the amount of inflow water and the falling speed, but from the viewpoint of preventing the material from leaking from the inside of the pipe 1, it is preferable that the width be 20 mm or less.

[0083] The slit length is not particularly limited, but in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, one slit length is set to approximately 85% of the total length of the pipe 1, as an example. This forms a relatively long slit-shaped opening in the pipe 1, which contributes to an even smoother flow of material. However, it is not limited to these numerical values. For example, the slit length of each of the slits 12 may be at least 20% of the total length of the pipe 1.

[0084] By providing the slits 12, water flows in and out through the slits at the top and bottom of the material flowing down inside the pipe 1. This further promotes the rapid flow of the material. Furthermore, by allowing the material to flow down quickly in this way, it is possible to prevent contamination caused by the material.

[0085] 10, the tremie pipe 100d may have an inlet as shown in Fig. 2 that is open to both the water and the air and straddles the water surface A in the pipe 1, the discharge pipe 2, or the connection between the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2 of the tremie pipe 100d. In this case, the opening width of the inlet along the circumferential direction of the pipe 1 (or the discharge pipe 2) may be wider than the slit width of the slit 12.

[0086] This configuration allows the added material to flow down quickly and prevents contamination. Specifically, water (e.g., seawater) can be introduced into pipe 1 from an inlet provided in pipe 1, discharge pipe 2, or the connection between pipe 1 and discharge pipe 2, allowing the material to flow down smoothly and preventing clogging of pipe 1. In addition, air that enters pipe 1 along with the material immediately after it is dropped can be discharged out of pipe 1 from the inlet.

[0087] (Modification of tremie tube 100d) A modified example of the tremie pipe 100d provided with an inlet will be described below with reference to FIG.

[0088] (Tremoe tube 100e) The tremie pipe 100e shown on the left side of Figure 11 has an inlet 13 provided in the pipe 1, and the upper end of the inlet 13 is located at the same position as the water surface A or just below the water surface A. Here, the opening 11 formed at the difference between the outer diameter of the discharge pipe 2 and the inner diameter of the pipe 1 is in the air.

[0089] (Tremoe tube 100f) 11 is one of the modified examples, in which the inlet 21 provided in the discharge pipe 2 is in the air. Also, the opening 11 is above the water surface A, and a part of the discharge pipe 2 reaches below the water surface A.

[0090] The tremie pipe 100g shown at the right end of Fig. 11 is one of the modified examples, in which a predetermined gap is provided between the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2 so that the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2 are not vertically continuous, and this gap (inlet 4) functions as the aforementioned inlet 21. In the case of the tremie pipe 100g, the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2 can be connected by an L-shaped steel plate member (not shown), but the connection method is not limited to this.

[0091] In the tremie pipe 100g, the width of the gap between the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2 (the length along the pipe axis direction of the inlet 4) is preferably 10 cm or more and 50 cm or less. When using the tremie pipe 100g, it is desirable to install a pollution prevention frame around the periphery of the tremie pipe 100g to prevent the diffusion of turbidity in case the flowing material collides with the water surface and flows out of the tremie pipe due to the width of the gap between the pipe 1 and the discharge pipe 2.

[0092] (Materials of each component) The materials of the components may be the same as those in embodiment 1. Since the pipe 1 used in embodiment 2 has slits 12, it is preferable to use a steel pipe to ensure structural strength.

[0093] (Viscous material and dosage form) The viscous material and the manner of introduction in the second embodiment may be the same as those in the first embodiment. Because the viscosity of the viscous material is relatively high, it tends to form clumps and is difficult to disperse in the sea, but it tends to adhere to the inside of the tremie pipe and clog the pipe. By providing the slit 12 of the second embodiment in the pipe 1, the area of ​​the inner circumferential surface of the pipe 1 is reduced, thereby reducing the contact area with the material. This allows the tremie pipe 100d of the second embodiment to flow the viscous material down smoothly.

[0094] (2) How to add materials In this embodiment, the material is injected (to the seabed) using the tremie pipe according to this embodiment described above. The method of injecting the material will be described below with reference to Figures 12 and 13. Figure 12 shows the lowering of the material using the tremie pipe 100e shown at the left end of Figure 11.

[0095] In Figure 12 (I), the tremie pipe 100e is installed underwater with the discharge pipe 2 side in the air and the pipe 1 side in the sea, and shows the initial state when material 3 is introduced into the discharge pipe 2 via a hopper (not shown). The upper end of the inlet 13 is located just below the water surface A. The introduced material 3 flows down the discharge pipe 2. In the process, the material 3 is formed into a mass with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe 1. As the material 3 flows down, the air is pushed downward from inside the discharge pipe 2 and is discharged to the outside of the tremie pipe 100e by the opening 11. As a result, the material 3 descends without clogging inside the discharge pipe 2.

[0096] Here, in the tremie pipe 100e, the discharge pipe 2 is disposed in the air, so the material 3 falls smoothly.

[0097] Next, (II) in Figure 12 shows the state immediately after material 3 has been poured into pipe 1 from discharge pipe 2. Immediately after the lump of material 3 descends from discharge pipe 2 and enters the water from the upper end of pipe 1, water flows into the upper part of the lump of material 3 from inlet 13. This promotes the flow down of the lump of material 3. At this time, the water below material 3 flows out from slit 12, promoting the flow down of the lump of material 3.

[0098] Next, (III) in Figure 12 shows the state at the stage when the lump of material 3 is flowing down pipe 1. Due to the action of discharge pipe 2, the lump of material 3 has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of pipe 1, so it flows down without clogging. Furthermore, the gap between pipe 1 and material 3 allows water below the lump of material 3 to efficiently move to the top of the lump, promoting the flow of the lump down. In addition, slit 12 creates a circulation of water between the top and bottom of the lump of material 3, allowing the lump of material 3 to flow down smoothly.

[0099] Also, a method of dropping material using a tremie tube 100f shown in the center of FIG. 11 will be described with reference to FIG.

[0100] FIG. 13 (I) shows the initial state in which material 3 has been introduced into discharge pipe 2 via a hopper (not shown), with tremie pipe 100f installed with the discharge pipe 2 side in the air and the pipe 1 side in the sea, with the connection and opening 11 submerged and the lower end of inlet 21 positioned just above water surface A. The introduced material 3 flows down discharge pipe 2, and in the process, material 3 forms a mass with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of pipe 1. As material 3 flows down, air is pushed downward from within discharge pipe 2 and is discharged to the outside of tremie pipe 100f through inlet 21 provided in discharge pipe 2. As a result, material 3 descends without clogging within discharge pipe 2.

[0101] Next, (II) in Figure 13 shows the state immediately after material 3 has been dropped into water from discharge pipe 2. As soon as the lump of material 3 descends from discharge pipe 2 and enters the water from the upper end of pipe 1, water immediately flows into the upper part of the lump of material 3 from opening 11. This promotes the flow down of the lump of material 3. At this time, water below material 3 flows out from slit 12, promoting the flow down of the lump of material 3.

[0102] Next, (III) in Figure 13 shows the state at the stage when material 3 is flowing down pipe 1. Due to the action of discharge pipe 2, the block of material 3 has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of pipe 1, so it flows down without clogging. Furthermore, the gap between pipe 1 and material 3 allows water below the block to move efficiently to the top of the block, facilitating the flow down of the block of material 3. In addition, slit 12 creates a circulation of water between the top and bottom of the block of material 3, allowing the block of material 3 to flow down smoothly.

[0103] When slits are provided in the tube 1 as described above, the number of slits is not particularly limited. If the length of the slit is equal to or greater than the inner diameter of the tube, it is sufficient to provide a slit in at least one location. If two or more slits are provided, it is desirable that at least two of the slits be provided at different positions along the circumferential direction of the tube. The number of slits may be changed as appropriate depending on the tube diameter, the size of the material, etc. For example, if the tube diameter is large or the material is large, the number of slits may be increased.

[0104] Other Embodiments The pipe 1 may be configured to have a plurality of pipes connected to it other than the pipe 1 connected to the discharge pipe 2. In this case, it is preferable that the connected pipes have approximately the same inner diameter, but this is not limitative.

[0105] In addition, a known anti-fouling film may be attached to the lower end of the pipe 1.

[0106] The tremie pipe of this embodiment may also be a double pipe in which an outer pipe is disposed on the outer periphery of pipe 1. A pollution prevention frame or pollution prevention film may be disposed on the outside of pipe 1, extending from the water surface to a depth of approximately 10 m.

[0107] Furthermore, the upper end of pipe 1 and the lower end of discharge pipe 2 may be in a horizontal position as long as this does not interfere with the flow of air and water and does not discharge pollution that occurs when the added material comes into contact with the water surface outside the pipe.

[0108] In addition, a vibrator may be installed to apply vibration to the mass of material at the top of the tremie pipe in order to promote its descent.

[0109] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the claims. Embodiments obtained by appropriately combining the technical means disclosed in different embodiments are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

[0110] [Example] 1, a tremie pipe was fabricated as Example 1, in which the submerged portion was an acrylic pipe with a length of 50 cm and an inner diameter of 100 mm as pipe 1, and an acrylic pipe with an inner diameter of 80 mm was provided above pipe 1 as discharge pipe 2. In this tremie pipe, the lower end of discharge pipe 2 and the upper end of pipe 1 were positioned at the same position (height).

[0111] In addition, a tremie pipe was prepared by using an acrylic pipe 1 having a submerged portion length of 50 cm and an inner diameter of 65 mm, with an inlet 13 provided at the top of the pipe 1, and further provided above the pipe 1 with an outlet pipe 2, which was a PVC pipe with an inner diameter of 50 mm, and this was designated as Example 2.

[0112] A tremie pipe was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that no exhaust pipe was provided, and designated Comparative Example 1. Furthermore, a tremie pipe was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that no exhaust pipe was provided, and designated Comparative Example 2.

[0113] Calcia-improved soil was prepared by mixing 90 vol% of dredged soil and 10 vol% of calcia-improved material, and was poured into the tremie pipes of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the falling speed from the water surface to 50 cm below was confirmed.

[0114] As a result, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which did not have a discharge pipe, the material clogged the tremie pipe and did not fall because there was no escape route for the air. On the other hand, in Examples 1 and 2, due to the effect of discharge pipe 2, the added material was smaller than the inner diameter of pipe 1, so it was shown that it fell without clogging pipe 1.

[0115] Furthermore, it was shown that by placing the inlet at the top of the pipe 1 as in Example 2, the falling speed was faster than in Example 1. This is because water flows from the inlet to the top of the mass of material, promoting the mass to flow down without pulsation. It was also confirmed that the pulsation of the material inside the pipe was suppressed more than in the tremie pipe of Example 1. This is also a factor in the high falling speed. [Explanation of symbols]

[0116] 100, 100a, 100b, 100c, 100d, 100e, 100f, 100g tremie tubes 1 tube 2 Discharge pipe 3 Materials 11 Opening 12 Slit 4, 13, 21 Inlet

Claims

1. A tremie pipe through which material flows downward, The tremie tube is Tube and a discharge pipe disposed above the pipe and having an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the pipe; Equipped with The tremie pipe is placed underwater with the discharge pipe side in air and the pipe side underwater, The discharge pipe converts the input material into a mass having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe, and drops the mass into the pipe, The discharge pipe has an inlet that opens to the outside along a circumferential direction of the discharge pipe, and the inlet is located at a position straddling the water surface, The pipe has a plurality of elongated slits formed in the pipe axial direction and along the circumferential direction of the pipe, The inlet has an opening width along the circumferential direction of the discharge pipe that is wider than the opening width of each of the slits provided along the circumferential direction of the pipe. Ptolemie tube.

2. The discharge pipe has a cylindrical structure with a circular or rectangular cross section.

2. The tremie tube according to claim 1.

3. The connection between the pipe and the discharge pipe has an opening that opens upward due to the difference between the inner diameter of the pipe and the outer diameter of the discharge pipe, At least one of air and water flows in and out between the inside and outside of the tube through the opening.

2. The tremie tube according to claim 1.

4. The position of the connection between the pipe and the discharge pipe is higher than the lower end of the discharge pipe.

2. The tremie tube according to claim 1.

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