Method and machine for producing packaging material

Abstract

A method for manufacturing sachets is provided. The method includes moving a web of semi-rigid material through a cutting station and simultaneously cutting separate incisions in the web of semi-rigid material while moving the web of semi-rigid material through the cutting station. The method also includes sandwiching the web of semi-rigid material between a first web of flexible material and a second web of flexible material such that the first web of flexible material seals the separate incisions in the web of semi-rigid material and the second web of flexible material forms a continuous elongated reservoir with the web of semi-rigid material. Also provided is an apparatus for cutting a web of material. The apparatus includes a cutting roller and at least one cutting element protruding beyond an outer surface of the roller, the cutting element having an at least partially zigzag-shaped cutting profile. Another apparatus for cutting a web of material includes a first cutting element and a second opposing cutting element, each cutting element having an at least partially zigzag-shaped cutting profile. Each cutting element is associated with a cam and rail that are positioned so that a first cutting element follows one path and a second cutting element follows a path that mirrors the path of the first cutting element, the paths having adjacent and / or intersecting sections where the cutting elements come together to separately cut into the web of material while leaving the material intact.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing packaging material.The present invention also relates to a machine for producing packaging material. [Background technology]

[0002] Known packages or sachets are made from layers of plastic and / or metal foil laminated together to form a sealed reservoir between adjacent layers for containing the contents of the sachet. The layers are provided with weakened zones that can be selectively broken to allow the contents of the package to be discharged. The contents of the sachet can be dispensed by an end user, for example at the point of use, by squeezing the sachet by piercing or breaking at least one layer, thereby creating an opening through which the reservoir contents can be released.

[0003] Such sachets are typically manufactured using methods and equipment similar to those used in the printing industry, in which an elongated web passes through a series of stations, each performing a different function. Typically, the material to be packaged in the sachet is introduced between two webs, which are successively sealed together along opposite edges of the webs. The webs are also transversely sealed at intervals to separate the web into separate compartments. Individual sachets are produced by transversely slitting the web at the transverse seals.

[0004] Typically, the layers of the sachet are broken by bending the sachet. The bending breaks the layers at a predetermined zone, which is typically a notch formed in at least one of the layers during manufacturing. The notch is made by a stamping or pressing process at a cutting station. When the elongate web is cut, it is necessary for the elongate web to be stationary or to move very slowly. After the cut, the elongate web is advanced, and a new section of the elongate web is moved to the cutting station. Repeated starting and stopping of the elongate web movement can inhibit production speed. In some cases, the starting and stopping causes unnecessary wear and tear on the machinery. Furthermore, the cutting process can often create unnecessary vibrations.

[0005] It is an object of at least preferred embodiments of the present invention to provide a method and / or machine for addressing the problems of the prior art. Additionally or alternatively, it is an object of at least preferred embodiments to provide the public with a useful alternative. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing sachets, the method comprising providing a web of semi-rigid material, moving the web of semi-rigid material through a cutting station and simultaneously cutting separate incisions in the web of semi-rigid material while continuing to move the web of semi-rigid material through the cutting station. cutting the web of semi-rigid material, wherein the step of cutting into the web of semi-rigid material includes cutting through the entire thickness of the web of semi-rigid material. and sandwiching the web of semi-rigid material between the first web of flexible material and the second web of flexible material such that the first web of flexible material seals the discrete incisions in the web of semi-rigid material and the second web of flexible material forms a continuous elongated reservoir with the web of semi-rigid material.

[0007] The method may further include filling the reservoir with a liquid, paste, or similar substance.

[0008] The method may further include sealing the filled reservoirs at the separate locations to form separate reservoirs.

[0009] The method may further include cutting a plurality of separate notches, each separate reservoir comprising a separate notch.

[0010] The web of semi-rigid material and the first web of flexible material may be pre-laminated prior to the addition of the second web of flexible material. 。

[0011] Book The method may further include forming a reservoir by sealing a web of a second flexible material to at least a portion of the web of first flexible material and / or the web of semi-rigid material at or near an edge of the web of material.

[0012] The cuts may be zigzag cuts.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for cutting into a web of material, the apparatus comprising: a cutting roller having an outer surface with an axis of rotation and an outer periphery; and at least one cutting element protruding beyond the outer surface of the roller, the cutting element having an open profile and an at least partially zigzag-shaped cutting profile, the cutting element having a longitudinal length extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the roller, the longitudinal length being shorter than the outer periphery of the roller such that at least one cutting element cuts a corresponding discrete zigzag cut into the web of material.

[0014] The overall cut profile may be zigzag.

[0015] The apparatus may further include an anvil roller having a substantially smooth surface, and the at least one notching element of the notching roller may be configured to act against the substantially smooth surface of the anvil roller.

[0016] The at least one cutting element may comprise a first cutting element and a second cutting element.

[0017] The longitudinal axis of the first cutting element may be longitudinally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the second cutting element.

[0018] The length of the first cutting element combined with the length of the second cutting element can be less than the circumference of the roller, such that the first cutting element cuts a corresponding first discrete zigzag cut into the web of material, and the second cutting element cuts a corresponding second discrete zigzag cut into the web of material, with a portion of the material uncut between the first zigzag cut and the second zigzag cut.

[0019] According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for cutting into a web of material comprising a first cutting element and a second opposing cutting element, each cutting element having an open profile and a cutting profile that is at least partly zigzag shaped with a longitudinal length extending in a direction generally parallel to the length of the web of material, each cutting element associated with a cam for controlling vertical movement of the cutting element and horizontal movement of the cutting element, each cutting element associated with a rail for restraining movement of the cutting element, the cams and rails arranged such that the first cutting element follows a path and the second cutting element follows a path that mirrors the first cutting element, the path having adjacent and / or intersecting sections where the cutting elements come together to separately cut into the web of material while leaving the material intact.

[0020] The overall cut profile may be zigzag.

[0021] The term "comprising" as used in this specification and claims means "consisting at least in part of." When interpreting statements in this specification and claims that include the term "comprising," other features may also be present in each statement besides the feature preceded by this term. Related words such as "comprise" and "comprised" are to be interpreted in a similar manner.

[0022] Reference to a range of numbers disclosed herein (e.g., 1 to 10) is also intended to incorporate reference to every rational number within that range (e.g., 1, 1.1, 2, 3, 3.9, 4, 5, 6, 6.5, 7, 8, 9, and 10), as well as any rational number range within that range (e.g., 2 to 8, 1.5 to 5.5, and 3.1 to 4.7); thus, every subrange of every range explicitly disclosed herein is expressly disclosed herein. These are merely examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numerical values ​​between the lowest and highest values ​​recited are to be considered to be expressly set forth in this application in a similar manner.

[0023] The present invention may also be broadly described as consisting of the parts, elements, and features referred to or shown in the specification of this application, individually or collectively, and any and all combinations of any two or more of such parts, elements, or features; where specific integers that have known equivalents in the art to which the present invention pertains are referred to herein, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

[0024] Numerous modifications in the construction and significantly different embodiments and applications of the present invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. The disclosures and descriptions herein are purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting. Where specific integers that have known equivalents in the art to which this invention pertains are referred to herein, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

[0025] As used herein, the term "(s)" after a noun refers to the plural and / or singular form of that noun.

[0026] As used herein, the term "and / or" means "and," or "or," or both, where the context permits.

[0027] The present invention comprises the foregoing and further contemplates the following constructions, which are given by way of example only.

[0028] The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a line for processing a web of packaging material; [Figure 2a] FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a notching station of the line of FIG. 1; [Figure 2b] FIG. 3 is an end view of the cutting station of FIG. 2. [Figure 3] A pair of opposing cutting elements is shown. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a top view of one of the cutting elements of FIG. 3. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roller including a notching element. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is another perspective view of a roller including a notching element. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is an end view of the rollers of FIGS. 5 and 6, together with an anvil roller. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a schematic side view of an alternative notching station. [Figure 9] 1 shows the web of material after passing through the notching station. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a top view of the sachet. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the sachet of FIG. 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] The technology described herein relates to an apparatus and method for forming packaging in the form of a sachet. Sachets are used to package and dispense small, predetermined amounts, e.g., single-serve, of fluid or flowable materials, such as liquids, creams, lotions, gels, pastes, powders, particulates, sauces, beverages, sunscreens, lubricants, paints, greases, oils, adhesives, resins, drugs, pharmaceuticals, etc. Such sachets can be made from multiple layers of sheet material laminated together to form a closed reservoir. The layers of sheet material can be laminated together using heat, glue / adhesive, or a combination of heat and glue / adhesive. The sachet is opened by bending the sachet to rupture one or more sachet layers. The sachet contents can be expelled through the rupture, assisted by squeezing the sachet, if necessary.

[0031] Referring to Figure 1, a schematic diagram of a line for processing a web 1 of material that will ultimately become a layer of the sachet is shown. The web 1 of material can be any material known to be suitable for the manufacture of containers such as sachets. Typical web materials include plastics (e.g., polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, or polyethylene terephthalate glycol), metal films, and paper or similar materials derived from wood fibers, either plain or treated with a wax or similar coating. Other materials suitable for making sachets according to the present invention are biodegradable plastics, such as cornstarch, soy, and / or potato-based plastics, as well as polylactic acid (PLA), the latter of which is suitable as a biodegradable substitute for polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

[0032] FIG. 1 shows a first roll of material 1 and a second roll of material 2. The first roll of material 1 is a semi-rigid material and the second roll of material 2 is a printed material. Each roll of material is tensioned by a tension control roller 3. The web of material 1 that is cut at the cutting station is the second layer 22 of three layers that are laminated together to form the sachet 19. The printed material 2 is the first layer 21 of three layers of the sachet 19. The characteristics of the sachet 19 and each layer are described in further detail below.

[0033] The processing line has a device for slitting a web of material 1. The features and functions of the processing line allow the web of material 1 to move through the slitting stations of the processing line while being simultaneously slit. This allows the material 1 to move continuously from the previous station (or roll of raw material), through the slitting station, onto the subsequent station without stopping. The slitting process is a continuous process.

[0034] In a first embodiment of the notching station, the notching station comprises a notching roller 4. The notching roller 4 has an axis of rotation about which the roller 4 rotates. The axis of rotation is a stationary axis extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the material.

[0035] The cutting roller 4 has an outer surface with an outer periphery. The cutting roller 4 has a smooth cylindrical surface except for at least one cutting element 4c that protrudes beyond the outer surface of the cutting roller 4.

[0036] The cutting elements 4c have a cutting profile that is an open profile, i.e., such a cutting profile is shaped so that when the cutting elements 4c cut through the material, the material is left intact. No material is removed from the web of material 1 other than the shaped cuts or slits.

[0037] The cutting profile of the cutting element 4c is at least partially zigzag-shaped. In addition, the cutting element 4c has a longitudinal length that extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis of the cutting roller 4. In the embodiment shown, the entire cutting profile is zigzag-shaped.

[0038] Furthermore, the longitudinal length of the cutting element 4c is shorter than the circumference of the cutting roller 4. The cutting element 4c has a first end and a second end, with the longitudinal length extending between the ends. Between the second end of the cutting element 4c and the first end of the cutting element 4c, there is a portion of the roller that is smooth and does not contain any cutting elements 4c. As a result, at least one cutting element 4c cuts a corresponding discrete zigzag cut 17 into the web of material 1.

[0039] The zigzag cuts 17 are not continuous cuts. There is uncut material between the first zigzag cut 17 and the second zigzag cut 17. The length of the zigzag cuts 17 corresponds to the length of the zigzag cutting element 4c, and the length of the portion of uncut material between a zigzag cut 17 and a subsequent zigzag cut corresponds to the distance between the second end of the cutting element 4c and the first end of the cutting element. As the cutting roller 4 continuously rotates and the web of material 1 moves through the cutting station, the cutting roller 4 makes a series of separate cuts in the material, with a portion of uncut material between a cut, the previous cut, and the subsequent cut.

[0040] In the embodiment shown, the zigzag cut 17 is surrounded by a recess 17b. Referring to Figure 10, 17a denotes the cut and 17b denotes the recess. The recess has a shape that corresponds to the zigzag shape of the cut 17a. That is, the recess is also zigzag. The recess is angled downward and inward from the substantially planar surface of the material toward the cut 17a.

[0041] In alternative embodiments, any suitable number of cutting elements 4c with any suitable spacing may be used. In the embodiment shown, the cutting elements 4c are evenly spaced around the roller. At least one of the cutting elements has a longitudinal axis that is substantially perpendicular to the roller axis. In the embodiment shown, both cutting elements have longitudinal axes that are substantially perpendicular to the roller axis.

[0042] The cutting station further includes an anvil roller 4a. The anvil roller 4a has a substantially smooth cylindrical surface. The entire surface of the anvil roller 4a is substantially smooth. At least one cutting element 4c of the cutting roller 4 is configured to operate against the substantially smooth surface of the anvil roller 4a. The surface of the anvil roller 4a is a hardened surface against which the cutting element 4c cuts.

[0043] In the embodiment shown, the cutting roller 4 has more than one cutting element 4c. In particular, the at least one cutting element 4c comprises four cutting elements 4c.

[0044] The combined cutting elements all have a length less than the circumference of the roller, such that each cutting element cuts a corresponding first discrete zigzag cut 17 into the web of material 1, and each subsequent cutting element 4c cuts a corresponding discrete zigzag cut 17 into the web of material 1, with a portion of the material uncut between the zigzag cuts. The longitudinal axis of the first cutting element 4c is longitudinally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the second cutting element. As a result, the roller produces a series of longitudinally aligned discrete cuts in the web of material 1.

[0045] In alternative embodiments, the rollers may be of any other suitable shape with notch elements. For example, the portion of the roller extending between the notches may have a convex or concave shape.

[0046] In one embodiment, the material 1 is modified before it is cut, for example, by adding alignment markers 18 to facilitate timing of machine movements. Alignment markers are shown in Figure 9.

[0047] The axles of the incising rollers 4 are driven, for example, by servo motors. In one embodiment, one or more alignment marker sensors 9 detect the position of the alignment markers 18. One or more roller sensors detect the position of the incising elements. The position of the alignment markers 18 is compared to the position of the incising elements 4c by a control system. The control system adjusts the rotational speed of the rollers to ensure that the incising elements are correctly positioned relative to the alignment markers 18. This process ensures that the material 1 is incised at the correct location.

[0048] The anvil roller 4a is not a driven roller: it is a free-wheeling roller that moves as a result of forces applied by the incision roller 4 and / or the web of material 1.

[0049] Driving the rotation of the cutting roller 4 ensures that the cutting elements 4c that make the cuts move at substantially the same speed as the material being cut. This ensures that high quality cuts are made. If the cutting roller 4 were not driven, but instead free-rotating, the cutting elements 4c could slip relative to the material, resulting in a poor quality cut.

[0050] After the slitting station the line also includes a pair of tension rollers 5. The line also includes a load cell 6.

[0051] The line further includes a hot laminating roller 7 and an associated pinch roller 8. The hot laminating roller 7 and pinch roller 8 laminate the two webs of material 1, 2 together by heating one or both of the webs of material. The laminated materials 1, 2 then pass through a cooling roller 7A, which cools the materials 1, 2 and fixes or cures the lamination between the materials. As mentioned above, the layers of sheet material can be laminated together using heat, a glue / adhesive, or a combination of heat and glue / adhesive. If the layers of sheet material are laminated together using a glue / adhesive, roller 7 may include a glue / adhesive applicator and not be a hot or heated roller. The line further includes a curing zone equipped with features for curing the glue / adhesive, such as a UV heater.

[0052] The final step in the line is a roll 10 of finished product which is now ready to be removed and run through a packer to create single serve packs.

[0053] In a second embodiment of the cutting station, the cutting station has a pair of cam-controlled cutting elements 15 .

[0054] As with the first embodiment of the cutting station, the cutting elements 15 each have a cutting profile that is an open profile. The cutting profiles are similarly zigzag shaped. Except as described below, the cutting elements 15 and the cuts formed by them have the same characteristics and functionality as the cutting elements 4c and the cuts formed by the cutting elements of the first embodiment described above.

[0055] In this embodiment, there are two cutting elements 15 that are integral with the opposing jaws. Figure 2 shows an upper (or first) cutting element 15 and a lower (or second) cutting element 15. The cutting elements 15 are opposite each other. Together, the two cutting elements 15 cut into the web of material 1, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0056] Each cutting element 15 is mounted on one or more rails or connecting rods 14. The rails extend horizontally. Cams allow each cutting element 15 to move horizontally and vertically together with the rails.

[0057] Each rail extends between a pair of cams 12. Each cam 12 is fixed to a gear at an offset or eccentric position. As the gear rotates, the cams follow a circular reciprocating path of motion, as described in more detail below.

[0058] Each cutting element 15 is at an initial vertical distance away from the material 1 that allows the material to move between the cutting elements without being cut into or caught by one or both of the cutting elements. For example, the initial vertical distance is a distance that each cutting blade is at least about 2 mm away from the surface of the web of material 1.

[0059] The amount of vertical movement allows the cutting elements 15 to move from an initial start height towards and then cut into the web of material 1. After the material 1 has been cut, the cutting elements 15 then retract to their original vertical position.

[0060] Each cutting element 15 is in an initial horizontal position relative to the stationary frame or chassis of the cutting station. The cutting elements 15 then advance in the same direction as the web of material 1. The speed of the cam in the horizontal direction is matched to the speed at which the web of material 1 progresses through the cutting station and between the cutting elements.

[0061] The cam 12 and rail 14 arrangement allows for vertical and horizontal movement to create the movement necessary to cut into the web while allowing the web to continue moving through the production line.

[0062] The movement of the lower cutting element 15 mirrors that of the upper cutting element, and although the movement of the upper cutting element 15 will be described below, it will be understood that the lower cutting element 15 follows a similar path.

[0063] The positions of the cutting elements are described with reference to clock positions. The cutting elements follow a circular path. From an initial starting position at 12 o'clock, the cutting elements move backward relative to the direction of travel of the web of material 1, and then begin to move downward toward the web of material 1. When the cutting element 15 is halfway along its vertical path of travel (9 o'clock position), the cutting element 15 momentarily stops moving horizontally backward and then begins moving horizontally forward. The cutting element 15 continues to move downward and forward along the circular path until it reaches the lowest point of its travel (6 o'clock position), which indicates the point at which the cutting element 15 cuts through the web of material 1. When in this position, opposing cutting elements 15 have adjacent overlapping sections, as shown in Figures 2a and 2b. The cutting elements 15 then move horizontally at a speed that is the same as, or very close to, the speed of the web. This ensures that the web of material is cut by the cutting elements and that the cutting elements do not tear, break or otherwise cause damage as the web of material is being cut.

[0064] After reaching the bottom of its travel, the cutting element 15 then begins to move upward, away from the web of material 1, while still moving horizontally forward. The cutting element 15 continues to move upward, then momentarily stops moving horizontally when it reaches the 3 o'clock position. The cutting element 15 then begins to move horizontally backward, in the opposite direction to the direction of web travel. The cutting element 15 continues to move upward until it returns to its initial starting height, at which point it stops moving upward and completes its path.

[0065] The process described above is repeated, with one zigzag cut being made in the web of material 1 per cycle.

[0066] This cam and rail arrangement described above provides a smooth mechanism that allows the two cutting elements to come together to make a cut and then quickly retract without harmful vibrations. The gears are spur gears with no backlash, which contributes to the smooth operation of the mechanism.

[0067] As in the first embodiment, one or more alignment marker sensors 9 detect the position of alignment markers 18. One or more cutting element sensors detect the position of the cutting elements. The position of alignment markers 18 is compared to the position of cutting elements 15 by a control system. The control system adjusts the speed of cam 12 to ensure that the cutting elements are correctly positioned relative to alignment markers 18. This process ensures that the material is cut at the correct location.

[0068] Each cutting element 15 has a longitudinal length that extends in a direction generally parallel to the length of the web of material 1. In the embodiment shown, each cam has a single cutting element.

[0069] As with the first embodiment, the cutting elements in this embodiment cut discrete zigzag cuts 17 into the web of material 1. As the cam controlled cutting elements 15 operate sequentially and the web of material 1 moves through the cutting station, the cam controlled cutting elements 15 make a series of discrete cuts in the material with a portion of the material uncut between each cut, the previous cut, and each subsequent cut.

[0070] Figure 8 illustrates an alternative notching station. As can be seen from Figure 8, this notching station is similar to the notching station shown and described with respect to Figure 2. Like features are designated with like numbers increased by 100. The features and functions of the notching station of Figure 8 are similar to those of the notching station of Figure 2, except as described below.

[0071] In this cutting station, rather than having two opposing cutting elements 15, one of the jaws 115 is a flat anvil. FIG. 8 shows the lower jaw 115 as a flat anvil. In an alternative embodiment, the upper jaw can be a flat anvil and the lower jaw can have zigzag cutting elements. The anvil has a substantially smooth, flat surface. The entire surface of the anvil is substantially smooth. At least one cutting element 115c of the upper jaw 115 is configured to act against the substantially smooth surface of the anvil 116. The surface of the anvil 116 is a hardened surface against which the cutting element 4c cuts.

[0072] In addition to the cutting station (which may be any one of the embodiments described above), the processing line for cutting the web of material 1 has a drive system for driving the web of material 1. The drive system operates continuously.

[0073] The drive system may include a belt that drives the material toward the notching station at a substantially constant speed. The belt is held under tension by rollers 3, 5 in combination with notching and anvil rollers 4a. One or more of the rollers may be drive rollers that drive the belt.

[0074] In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the rollers are arranged to introduce the sheet of web of material 1 into the cutting element in a substantially horizontal orientation.

[0075] The process line may have a subsequent station for sealing webs of material 1 and 2 with a third web of material. These three webs of material are successively sealed together along their opposing edges to form two substantially parallel longitudinal webs. The longitudinal webs may be formed by any suitable process, such as a conventional continuous heat sealing process. In the embodiment shown, a sheet of web of material 1 is received between two cylindrical rollers. One of the cylindrical rollers has a heating portion at either end (not shown) that applies heat to the edges of the sheet of web of material 1 to form the longitudinal web. The cylindrical rollers form two successive, spaced-apart longitudinal seals along the opposing edges of the sheet of web of material 1. A filled product is introduced between the longitudinal webs.

[0076] The processing line may have a subsequent station for separating the sealed reservoirs into individual packages.

[0077] The method may form the sachets as a series of interconnected sachets that are formed, filled with the contents of the sachet, sealed and separated into individual sachets or into groups of sachets.

[0078] Figures 10 and 11 show a sachet 19 formed by the method and machine described herein. The sachet 19 has three spaced apart layers 21, 22, 23. The three layers 21, 22, 23 are shown separately for purposes of illustration and may be imagined as they are before being brought together and laminated to each other to form the sachet. Each of the webs of material forms a layer of the sachet 19. Figure 11 may also be imagined as a so-called "exploded" view of each sachet.

[0079] The first sachet layer 21 optionally has one or more lines of weakness 24. The second layer 22 of the second sachet has lines of weakness or incisions 17 formed in a central portion of the layer, i.e., inside the periphery of the second layer 22. Each incision 17 in the second web layer 22 extends through the entire thickness of the layer 22. The third sachet layer 23 has a reservoir 25 formed in a central portion of the layer, i.e., inside the periphery of the third layer 23.

[0080] The cut is a zigzag cut 17 and is formed by the machine and method described above. The zigzag cut 17 is positioned in the center of the sachet 19. The zigzag cut 17 has a longitudinal length that extends in a direction generally parallel to the edges of the sachet 19. The cut 17 is located on the centerline of the sachet 19. Alternatively, the cut may be offset from the centerline of the sachet 19. As described above, the zigzag cut 17 is surrounded by a recess 17b.

[0081] The three layers are formed into the sachet 19 by laminating together a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. The first layer is sealed to one surface of the second layer. The third layer 23 is secured to the opposite surface of the second, or middle, layer.

[0082] The first and third layers 23 are relatively flexible, while the second layer 22 is semi-rigid, i.e., the second layer 22 is stiffer than the first layer and stiffer than the third layer 23. The second layer 22 flexes near the incisions in response to bending of the sachet 19 about one or more lines of weakness.

[0083] Figure 9 shows a top view of the three layers of the sachet of Figure 8 when assembled and laminated together to form the sachet. The first layer is sealed to the top of the second layer 22, sealing over and around the notch 17. The first and second layers 22 are sealed together over their entire faces.

[0084] The third layer 23 is secured to the underside of the second layer 22, sealing the peripheral region of the third layer 23, i.e., the portion of the third layer 23 outside the reservoir 25, to the corresponding peripheral region of the second layer. The reservoir profile is shown in FIG. 11.

[0085] The first and second layers 22 of the sachet 19 are planar and the reservoir 25 in the third layer 23 contains the contents of the sachet between the second and third layers.

[0086] The third layer 23 may have the reservoir 25 formed as a pre-formed pouch, such as by vacuum forming, before filling the reservoir 25 and securing the periphery of the third layer 23 to the periphery of the underside of the second layer. Alternatively, the reservoir 25 is not pre-formed. Instead, the shape of the reservoir 25 is formed by introducing the sachet contents (not shown) when assembling the sachet 19. In this case, the third layer 23 is secured to the underside of the second layer 22 and has sufficient bulge to accommodate the contents of the sachet in the space of the reservoir 25 between the substantially flat second layer 22 and the relatively loose third layer 23.

[0087] The incision in the second layer 22 extends through the entire thickness of the second layer. Alternatively, the incision may be formed only partially through the second layer 22, in which case when the sachet is opened, the second layer 22 breaks at the incision and then extends completely through the second layer 22 to form an opening through which the contents of the reservoir 25 can be discharged. Sachet openings are discussed further below.

[0088] To open the sachet 19, a compressive force is applied between the opposing edges of the sachet on either side of the notch. The compressive force causes the sachet 19 to preferentially bend about the notch, causing the second layer 22 to break at the notch and moving portions of the second layer 22 on either side of the notch apart. If the movement is sufficient, the first layer breaks near the notch to form a discharge opening through which the contents of the sachet can be discharged. When the notch breaks, the fingers move apart. Alternate fingers extend as cantilevers in opposite directions.

[0089] Specifically, as the sachet 19 bends, at least the tip of each finger portion of the second layer 22 moves progressively away from the immediately adjacent surrounding portion of the second layer. This displacement of the finger tips initially causes the first layer to break at each finger tip. As the sachet 19 bends further, the initially separate break points in the first layer generally extend along the intersection of the lines of weakness between adjacent fingers to form a single enlarged discharge opening.

[0090] The sachet 19 may be opened by folding the two sachet parts on either side of one or more lines of weakness in one of two directions. In the first option, the sachet 19 is opened by folding the two sachet parts closely together around the reservoir 25 pouch. In this option, the contents within the reservoir 25 pouch can be released by squeezing the reservoir 25 between the two sachet parts. In the second option, the sachet 19 is opened by bending the two sachet parts back apart away from the reservoir 25 so as to stretch the reservoir 25 around the periphery of the bent sachet 19. In this option, the contents within the reservoir 25 pouch can be released by squeezing the reservoir 25 in this way. The first-mentioned method of opening the sachet is preferred because, by displacing the finger tips outward, the outer seal layer is stretched around the periphery of the bent sachet 19 and is then more easily broken.

[0091] If the incision is formed only partially through the second layer, the incision will break completely through the entire thickness of the layer when portions of the second layer 22 on either side of the incision are displaced and moved apart.

[0092] An elongate web is formed comprising a lamination of two web layers. A series of weakened lines or incisions (e.g., each incision as described above) are formed in the mid-thickness portion of the second web layer. The web layers are sealed face-to-face such that the first layer seals over and around each incision.

[0093] The machines and methods described herein are suitable for packaging fluid or flowable materials or products, such as liquids or flowable powders. The size of the machine and / or machine components can be adapted to produce packages of any size. In one embodiment, the machine is adapted to produce packages having a volume of about 2 mL or about 5 mL. In another embodiment, the machine is adapted to produce packages having a volume of about 1 L or greater. The machine may be adapted to produce packages having any other suitable volume, such as, for example, about 10 mL, about 20 mL, about 50 mL, about 75 mL, about mL, about mL, about mL, about mL, or about 2 L.

[0094] Preferred embodiments of the invention have been described by way of example only and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0095] For example, it will be understood that sachets and pre- or precursor materials for making sachets can be implemented in a variety of forms while incorporating current technology. The above description relates to the embodiments shown in the drawings, which are given by way of example only. However, it will be understood that the technology is not limited to the embodiments shown, but may, for example, be applied to packaging materials or sachets having a greater number of layers than shown and described.

[0096] For example, where the sachets are produced as a group of joined sachets, such as where two or more different materials are contained in each sachet of two or more assorted sachets for simultaneous dispensing as may be necessary for a two-component resin formulation, the joined sachets may be intended to remain together at the time of use. Alternatively, the joined sachets may be joined in a manner that allows for easy separation, for example at the point of sale or immediately prior to use.

Claims

1. 1. A method of making a sachet, comprising: providing a web of semi-rigid material including alignment markers; moving the web of semi-rigid material through a cutting station and simultaneously cutting separate cuts into the web of semi-rigid material while continuing to move the web of semi-rigid material through the cutting station, wherein cutting into the web of semi-rigid material includes cutting through an entire thickness of the web of semi-rigid material; comparing the position of the alignment marker with the position of a cutting element of the cutting station and controlling the speed of the cutting element based on the comparison; sandwiching the web of semi-rigid material between the first web of flexible material and the second web of flexible material such that the first web of flexible material seals the discrete incisions in the web of semi-rigid material and the second web of flexible material forms a continuous elongated reservoir with the web of semi-rigid material.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising filling the reservoir with a liquid, paste, or similar substance.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising sealing the filled reservoirs in separate locations to form separate reservoirs.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the method includes cutting a plurality of separate notches, each of the separate reservoirs comprising a separate notch.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the web of semi-rigid material and the web of first flexible material are pre-laminated before the addition of the web of second flexible material.

6. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming the reservoir by sealing the web of second flexible material to at least a portion of the web of first flexible material and / or the web of semi-rigid material at or near an edge of the web of second flexible material, the web of first flexible material and / or the web of semi-rigid material.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the incisions are zigzag incisions.

8. 1. An apparatus for cutting into a web of material including registration markers, said apparatus comprising: a notching roller having an outer surface with an axis of rotation and an outer periphery; at least one cutting element protruding beyond the outer surface of the roller, the cutting element having an open and at least partially zigzag cutting profile, the cutting element having a longitudinal length extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the roller, the longitudinal length being shorter than the outer circumference of the roller such that the at least one cutting element cuts corresponding discrete zigzag cuts into the web of material; a control system configured to compare the position of the alignment marker with the position of a cutting element of the cutting station and to control the speed of the cutting element based on the comparison; An apparatus comprising:

9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the overall cut profile is zigzag.

10. 10. The apparatus of claim 8 or 9, further comprising an anvil roller having a substantially smooth surface, the at least one cutting element of the cutting roller configured to operate against the substantially smooth surface of the anvil roller.

11. The apparatus of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the at least one cutting element comprises a first cutting element and a second cutting element.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein a longitudinal axis of the first cutting element is longitudinally aligned with a longitudinal axis of the second cutting element.

13. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first cutting element cuts a first separate zigzag cut into the web of material and the second cutting element cuts a second separate zigzag cut into the web of material, the length of the first cutting element combined with the length of the second cutting element being less than the circumference of the roller such that there is a portion of material uncut between the first separate zigzag cut and the second separate zigzag cut.

14. 1. An apparatus for cutting into a web of material including registration markers, said apparatus comprising: a first cutting element and a second cutting element opposite the first cutting element, each cutting element having an open profile and a cutting profile that is at least partially zigzag-shaped with a longitudinal length extending in a direction generally parallel to the length of the web of material; each cutting element is associated with a cam for controlling vertical movement of said cutting element and horizontal movement of said cutting element; each cutting element is associated with a rail for restraining movement of said cutting element; the cam and the rail are arranged so that the first cutting element follows a path and the second cutting element follows a path that mirrors the path of the first cutting element; the path has adjacent and / or intersecting sections where the cutting elements come together to separately cut into the web of material while leaving the material intact; The apparatus further comprises a control system configured to compare the position of the alignment marker with the position of the first cutting element and / or the second cutting element, and to control the speed of the first cutting element and / or the second cutting element based on the comparison.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the overall cut profile is zigzag.

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