Display device, head-up display and traffic equipment

Abstract

A display device, a head-up display and a traffic device, in which the first image source (11) includes a first display area (110), the refractive element (2) is configured to refract image light emitted from at least a part of the first display area (110), the image light refracted by the refractive element (2) is reflected by a first reflecting element (31) and propagates to an observation area (5) to form a first virtual image, and along a direction from a first end (e1) of the at least a part of the area to a second end (e2) of the at least a part of the area, an optical distance between a light-entering surface (21a) of the refractive element (2) and a light-exiting surface (21) of the refractive element (2) of at least a part of the image light emitted from the at least a part of the area is gradually reduced. The display device can reduce the requirement of the mounting angle for the first image source (11) to realize the tilt imaging, have a small occupied space, a compact structure, and an increased flexibility, and can widen the application range of the display device to realize the tilt imaging.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a display device, a head-up display, and a traffic device. [Background technology]

[0002] A head-up display (HUD) can use a reflective optical design to project image light (including vehicle information such as vehicle speed) emitted from an image source onto an imaging window (e.g., a structure such as a windshield or imaging plate), allowing a user (e.g., a driver and / or passengers) to view the information directly while driving without having to look down at the dashboard, thereby improving driving safety and providing a better driving experience.

[0003] The display screen of the head-up display may be a tilting screen, i.e., the screen that is visually displayed to the human eye may be tilted. For example, the near end (the end closest to the user) of the tilting screen is low and the far end (the end closest to the user) is high. Edge away from the user ) is high, and such a tilted screen has a better ground contact effect than a vertical screen, and can better integrate the image with real objects in the outside world. For example, road signs located on the ground, such as static or dynamic steering arrows, are displayed on the tilted screen, and the road signs on the display screen appear to be in contact with the road surface, resulting in a better indicating effect. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device, the display device including: a first image source, a refractive element, and a first reflecting element, the first image source including a first display area, the refractive element configured to refract image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the first display area, the image light rays refracted by the refractive element are reflected by the first reflecting element and propagated to a viewing area to form a first virtual image, and an optical distance between a light entrance surface of the refractive element and a light exit surface of the refractive element for at least some of the image light rays emitted from the at least some of the region gradually decreases along a direction from a first end of the at least some of the region to a second end of the at least some of the region.

[0005] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first virtual image corresponding to the image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the region has a near end close to the observation area and a far end away from the observation area, the image light rays corresponding to the first end correspond to the near end, and the image light rays corresponding to the second end correspond to the far end, and the height of the far end of the first virtual image is higher than the height of the near end of the first virtual image.

[0006] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickness of the refractive element along the main optical axis direction of the image light emitted from the at least some regions gradually decreases along the direction from a first end of the at least some regions to a second end of the at least some regions, and / or the refractive index of the refractive element along the main optical axis direction of the image light emitted from the at least some regions gradually decreases along the direction from the first end of the at least some regions to a second end of the at least some regions.

[0007] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the thickness of the refractive element along the main optical axis direction of the image light emitted from at least some of the regions gradually decreases along the direction from the first end of the at least some of the regions to the second end of the at least some of the regions, the refractive index of the refractive element becomes equal, and when the refractive index gradually decreases along the direction from the first end of the at least some of the regions to the second end of the at least some of the regions, the thickness of the refractive element along the main optical axis direction of the image light emitted from at least some of the regions becomes equal.

[0008] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the surface of the refractive element facing away from the first image source comprises a flat and / or curved surface.

[0009] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the surface of the refractive element facing away from the first image source is flat, the surface of the refractive element facing away from the first image source and the display surface of the first display area form a first angle, the first angle being between 1° and 60°.

[0010] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the refractive element is attached to at least a portion of the region, or the refractive element is spaced apart from at least a portion of the region in a direction perpendicular to the display surface of the first display area, or the refractive element includes a portion attached to at least a portion of the region and a portion spaced apart from at least a portion of the region.

[0011] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the refractive element is configured to refract image light rays emanating from the entire first display area.

[0012] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first display area includes a first sub-display area and a second sub-display area, and at least a portion of the region is the first sub-display area, and image light rays emitted from the second sub-display area are incident on the first reflecting element without being refracted by the refractive element, and the first reflecting element is further configured to reflect the image light rays emitted from the second sub-display area and incident on the first reflecting element to an observation area to form a second virtual image, and the angle between the second virtual image and the ground is greater than the angle between the first virtual image and the ground, and the second virtual image and the first virtual image have a second angle that is not zero.

[0013] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display content of the second virtual image and the display content of the first virtual image are independent of each other or related to each other.

[0014] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the refractive element may be an integrated structure or may include a plurality of sub-refractive elements stacked in a direction perpendicular to the display surface of the first display area.

[0015] For example, a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a second reflective element configured to reflect image light rays emitted from the first display area and refracted by the sub-refractive element to the first reflective element.

[0016] For example, a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a second image source including a second display area, wherein image light rays emitted from the second display area are propagated to the first reflecting element, and image light rays emitted from the second display area and propagated to the first reflecting element form a third virtual image different from the first virtual image, and an angle between the third virtual image and the ground is greater than an angle between the first virtual image and the ground, and the display surface of the first display area and the display surface of the second display area are parallel.

[0017] For example, a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a third reflective element, and the image light rays emitted from the second display area are reflected by the third reflective element and then propagated to the first reflective element.

[0018] For example, a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a third image source and a transmission element, wherein the third image source includes a third display area, and a display surface of the third display area and a display surface of the first display area have a third angle that is not zero; the transmission element is located on a side of the refractive element away from the first image source and is configured to transmit image light rays emitted from the first display area to the first reflection element and to reflect image light rays emitted from the third display area; the image light rays emitted from the third display area are reflected by the transmission element and then propagated to the first reflection element; the image light rays emitted from the third display area and propagated to the first reflection element form a fourth virtual image different from the first virtual image, and the first virtual image and the fourth virtual image at least partially overlap.

[0019] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the projection of the first virtual image onto the plane on which the fourth virtual image is located is within the range of the fourth virtual image, or the projection of the fourth virtual image onto the plane on which the first virtual image is located is within the range of the first virtual image.

[0020] For example, in a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the center of the first virtual image, the center of the fourth virtual image, and the center of the eyebox region are located on the same straight line.

[0021] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a head-up display, the head-up display including a reflective imaging unit and any display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the reflective imaging unit is configured to reflect image light rays reflected from the first reflective element to the reflective imaging unit to the observation area and to transmit ambient light.

[0022] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a traffic device, the traffic device including any display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure or any head-up display according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] For example, in a traffic device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, if the traffic device includes the head-up display, the reflective imaging portion is a windshield or imaging window of the traffic device. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0024] In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments are briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are not the limitation of the present invention, but are only related to some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A] A comparative schematic diagram of a case in which a refractive element in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure refracts image light rays emitted from a display area of ​​an image source and a case in which image light rays emitted from a display area of ​​an image source are not refracted by a refractive element. [Figure 2B] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent distance from a display surface of a first display area to a first reflective element in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of another display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a head-up display in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] 1 is a schematic diagram of a transportation device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] In order to clarify the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are not all embodiments but only some embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without requiring creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should have the ordinary meaning understood by a person of ordinary skill in the field to which this disclosure belongs. As used in this disclosure, "first," "second," and similar words do not denote any order, number, or importance, but are used to distinguish different components. Similar words such as "comprise" or "include" mean that the element or entity appearing before the word covers the elements or entities listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or entities.

[0027] The terms "parallel," "perpendicular," and "same" used in the examples of the present disclosure include both strict terms such as "parallel," "perpendicular," and "same," as well as terms with a certain degree of error, such as "approximately parallel," "approximately perpendicular," and "approximately identical." These terms indicate that a value falls within an acceptable deviation range from a specific value, as determined by a person skilled in the art, taking into account the measurement error and the measurement of a specific quantity (e.g., limitations of the measurement system). For example, "approximately" can mean one or more standard deviations or less, or 10% or 5% of the value. When the number of a component is not specifically specified below in the examples of the present disclosure, this means that the component may be one or more, or may be understood as at least one. "At least one" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to at least two.

[0028] A head-up display (HUD) can generate an image tilted relative to the road surface. The tilted image is in line with the visual perception habits of the human eye and provides better results, for example, when performing augmented reality integration with the external environment. For example, displaying road-related content (e.g., a straight ahead indicator) on the tilted image provides a better ground contact effect and a better user experience. However, generating a tilted image using a HUD typically requires adjusting the image source of the HUD device and further adjusting the position of the reflector, for example, tilting the image source. This results in a very large volume of the HUD device, occupying a large amount of space, and reducing the user convenience of the HUD device. This disclosure proposes a display device capable of generating a tilted image and having a compact structure, which can be used in a HUD to generate a tilted image while reducing the volume of the HUD device and improving the user experience and convenience of the HUD.

[0029] The drawings in this disclosure are not strictly drawn to actual scale, and the number of image sources and images in the display device is not limited to the number shown in the drawings, and the specific size and number of each structure can be determined according to actual needs. The drawings described in this disclosure are merely schematic diagrams.

[0030] It should be noted that the sizes and ratios of elements and the sizes of geometric paths in the drawings of this disclosure are merely approximate and are not limited to the actual sizes and ratios of elements and the sizes of geometric paths; specifically, the lengths of the geometric paths must be understood in accordance with the textual descriptions.

[0031] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device including a first image source, a refractive element, and a first reflecting element. The first image source includes a first display area, and the refractive element is configured to refract image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the first display area. The image light rays refracted by the refractive element are reflected by the first reflecting element and propagate to a viewing area to form a first virtual image. The optical distance between the light-entering surface of the refractive element and the light-exiting surface of the refractive element for at least some of the image light rays emitted from the at least some region gradually decreases along a direction from a first end of the at least some region to a second end of the at least some region. Using the display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, tilted imaging can be realized without requiring a large installation space for the first image source. Cooperation between the first image source and the refractive element can realize the presentation of a tilted image on a display screen of all or part of the first display area. Compared with conventional tilt imaging techniques, a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure does not require high installation requirements (such as a high installation angle and a large installation space) for the image source when realizing a tilt image, and the structure of the display device is simple and compact, allowing for a tilt screen. Therefore, the display device can reduce the installation requirements for the first image source for realizing tilt imaging, resulting in a small occupied space, a compact structure, increased flexibility, and a wider application range for the display device realizing tilt imaging.

[0032] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a head-up display including a reflective imaging unit and any display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the reflective imaging unit is configured to reflect image light rays reflected from a first reflective element to the reflective imaging unit to an observation area and transmit ambient light.

[0033] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a traffic device including any display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure or any head-up display according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] A display device, a head-up display, and a traffic device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that similar components may have similar layouts, and all embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to multiple protected themes, such as display devices, head-up displays, and traffic devices. The same or similar content will not be repeated in each protected theme, and reference may be made to the description of the embodiments corresponding to other protected themes.

[0035] Illustratively, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the display device includes a first image source 11, a refractive element 2, and a first reflective element 31. The first image source 11 includes a first display area 110, the refractive element 2 is configured to refract image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the first display area 110, the first reflective element 31 is configured so that the image light rays refracted by the refractive element 2 are reflected by the first reflective element 31 and propagate to the observation area 5 to form a first virtual image 100, the refractive element 2 has a light entrance surface 21a and a light exit surface 21, and along the direction from the first end e1 of the at least a portion of the region to the second end e2 of the at least a portion of the region, the optical distance between the light entrance surface 21a of the refractive element 2 and the light exit surface 21 of the refractive element 2 for at least some of the image light rays emitted from the at least a portion of the region gradually decreases, that is, the optical distance between the light entrance surface 21a of the refractive element 2 and the light exit surface 21 of the refractive element 2 for at least some of the image light rays emitted from the at least a portion of the region and the image light exiting the refractive element 2 gradually decreases. For example, the refractive element 2 has a lower surface 21a and an upper surface 21. For example, the lower surface 21a is the surface of the refractive element 2 that is closer to the first image source 11 (considered to be the light-entering surface of the image light), and the upper surface 21 is the surface of the refractive element 2 that is farther away from the first image source 11 (considered to be the light-exiting surface of the image light). Along the direction from the first end e1 of the at least some region to the second end e2 of the at least some region, the optical path of the image light (image light in FIG. 1) emitted from the at least some region gradually decreases from the lower surface 21a to the upper surface 21.

[0036] For example, in the first virtual image 100 formed correspondingly by the image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the region, the optical path of the image light rays from the at least a portion of the region entering the refractive element 2 and emitting from the refractive element 2 gradually decreases from a near end close to the observation area 5 to a far end away from the observation area 5, that is, along a direction from a first end e1 of the at least a portion of the region to a second end of the at least a portion of the region. For example, in the display device shown in FIG. 1 , the at least a portion of the region refers to the entire first display area 110, and for example, the refractive element 2 is configured to refract the image light rays emitted from the entire first display area 110. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the at least a portion of the region is, for example, the first display area 110. Therefore, in the following description of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the first display area 110 represents at least a portion of the region.

[0037] A display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure can be used to realize tilt imaging, and the display device does not require the first image source for realizing tilt imaging to have high installation requirements (e.g., it must be tilted relative to the ground), does not require a large space to install the first image source 11, or occupies almost no large space, and when the display device is used in a head-up display, the structure of the device is compact, increases installation flexibility, improves the user experience of the head-up display, and widens the application range of the display device for realizing tilt imaging.

[0038] For example, cooperation between the first image source 11 and the refractive element 2 can realize the presentation of an inclined image on all or part of the display screen of the first display area 110. For example, image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 are refracted at least at the interface between the refractive element 2 and air (e.g., the medium-air interface of the refractive element 2). For example, taking three light rays as an example in FIG. 1, light ray A1, light ray B1, and light ray C1 emitted from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 are refracted at the interface between the refractive element 2 and air (e.g., the interface between the top surface 21 and air), and then light ray A2, light ray B2, and light ray C2 are obtained. During the propagation of the light rays emitted from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110, the refractive element 2 is used to reduce the equivalent distance (hereinafter, interpreted as the equivalent distance) from the display surface 20 of the first image source 11 to the first reflecting element 31, and the refractive element 2 increases the optical distance that the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 travel to the first reflecting element 31, and also increases the optical distance that the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 travel along from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110. The optical distance of the image light rays from the lower surface 21a entering the refractive element 2 to the upper surface 21 gradually decreases, for example, the positions at which light rays A1, B1, and C1 enter the refractive element 2 from the lower surface 21a are distributed in order along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, and the optical distance of the image light rays from the lower surface 21a entering the refractive element 2 to the upper surface 21 gradually decreases. Therefore, the added optical distance gradually decreases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, and the equivalent distance from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31 gradually increases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, thereby realizing that the first virtual image 100 formed correspondingly by the image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the region is an inclined image.

[0039] For example, when the first reflecting element 31 includes a curved reflecting mirror (e.g., the reflecting surface is concave), if the optical distance between the display surface of the image source (including image light rays emitted from the display surface of the image source, e.g., the first image source 11 of the present disclosure, or image light rays obtained after the image light rays emitted from the display surface of the image source are processed by some optical elements, e.g., the refractive element 2) and the concave reflecting mirror is smaller than the focal length of the concave reflecting mirror, the concave reflecting mirror forms a magnified, erect virtual image based on the image. For example, as can be seen based on the imaging characteristics of the concave reflecting mirror, if the distance (e.g., equivalent object distance) between the display surface of the image source and the concave reflecting mirror of the image light rays emitted from the image source is smaller than the focal length of the concave reflecting mirror (e.g., the image is located within 1 focal length of the concave reflecting mirror), the image distance of the concave reflecting mirror increases as the distance (e.g., considered to be the equivalent object distance) between the image and the concave reflecting mirror increases. For example, the image light reflected and emitted by the first reflecting element 31 passes through a reflective imaging portion, such as a windshield of a traffic device, and is then reflected to the user's eyes. As can be understood, since a windshield is usually a flat structure or a curved structure with a small curvature, the image distance of the virtual image seen by the user is mainly determined by the first reflecting element 31, and the position of the virtual image formed by the first reflecting element 31 reflecting the image light mainly determines the position of the virtual image of the head-up display viewed by the user (e.g., the imaging distance of the virtual image). As described above, the position of the virtual image formed by the first reflecting element 31 reflecting the image light (e.g., the virtual image distance) increases as the distance between the image and the concave reflecting mirror increases. For example, the greater the equivalent distance between the image and the concave reflecting mirror, the greater the distance between the user using the head-up display including the display device and the image viewed by him (the user), and the greater the distance between the observation area and the image viewed by the user's eyes from the observation area.In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a refractive element 2 having a small volume is provided in the optical path along which the image light rays emitted from an image source, e.g., the first image source 11, propagate to the first reflecting element 31, thereby adjusting the equivalent distance along which the image light rays emitted from the image source propagate to the first reflecting element, changing the imaging distance of the first reflecting element 31 (e.g., the image distance when imaging after being reflected by the first reflecting element 31), and realizing adjustment of the imaging position, for example, forming a tilted virtual image.

[0040] A display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure reduces the mounting requirements for the display device when realizing a tilted image compared to conventional tilted imaging techniques. For example, the arrangement of the display surface 20 of an image source, e.g., the first image source 11, does not need to be changed or only needs to be changed slightly. For example, a tilt angle (e.g., a tilted screen can be realized by forming a non-zero angle with the display surface of a second image source that can form a horizontal or vertical image), where the horizontal direction may be parallel to the traveling direction of the traffic device using the head-up display and / or having the display device. Therefore, the display device can reduce the mounting requirements for the first image source 11 to realize tilted imaging, for example, reducing the mounting angle requirement, reducing mounting space, increasing flexibility, and broadening the applicability of the display device that realizes tilted imaging. For example, in some other embodiments, the first image source may be at another angle (theoretically, it may be any angle and may be designed based on the position of the first reflecting element 31), and by adding a corresponding refractive element, the required tilt angle requirement for the tilted image can be realized. Thus, a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure can reduce the mounting requirements for the first image source.

[0041] For example, the refractive element 2 is light-transmitting, and the refractive index of the refractive element 2 is different from the refractive index of air, for example, the refractive index of the refractive element 2 is greater than the refractive index of air (for example, greater than 1). For example, the material of the refractive element 2 may be at least one of an inorganic material, an organic material, and a composite material. For example, the inorganic material may include glass, quartz, etc., the organic material may include a polymer material such as a resin material, and the composite material may include polymethyl methacrylate doped with a metal oxide. The material of the refractive element 2 is not limited to the materials listed above, and may be any material that is light-transmitting and has a refractive index different from that of air.

[0042] For example, the light transmittance of the refractive element 2 to light rays is 60% to 100%. For example, the light transmittance of the refractive element 2 to light rays is 80% to 99%. For example, the light transmittance of the refractive element 2 to light rays is 90% to 99%.

[0043] the above " The "optical distance over which an image ray emitted from one display area 110 propagates to the first reflecting element 31" refers to the product of the geometric path of the image ray emitted from the corresponding first display area 110 and emitted to the first reflecting element 31 and the refractive index of the propagation medium. When the refractive element 2 is provided, the geometric path of the image ray emitted from the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31 includes a portion passing through the refractive element 2 and a portion passing through air, and the product of the portion of the geometric path of the image ray passing through the refractive element 2 and the refractive index passing through the refractive element 2 may be the "added optical distance." Alternatively, the "added optical distance" may be defined as the product of the portion of the geometric path of the image ray emitted from the first display area 110 and propagating to the first reflecting element 31 that passes through the refractive element 2 and the refractive index difference obtained by subtracting the refractive index of air from the refractive index passing through the refractive element 2.

[0044] For example, the tilted image may mean that the display image has an angle that is neither zero nor 90° relative to the surface (e.g., the ground) on which the device (e.g., a head-up display and / or a transportation facility) is located while the user is using the display device. For example, the display image observed by the user in the observation area 5 has an angle that is neither zero nor 90° relative to the real-time ground, and the display image visually seen by the user is not a vertical image perpendicular to the ground while the user is using the display device, but is tilted. For example, the first virtual image 100 is tilted relative to the ground. For example, the display content of the tilted image may include at least one of an image related to a road, such as a roadway indicator, a following distance indicator, and a steering indicator. The tilted image has a better ground contact effect (e.g., a better augmented reality fusion effect) and can better blend the image with real objects in the external world, enhancing the user's experience of using the display device.

[0045] For example, the first reflective element 31 may be a curved reflective mirror, for example, the curved reflective mirror may be a concave reflective mirror, in which case the reflective surface of the concave reflective mirror is concave, for example, the surface closer to the display area is an inwardly concave reflective surface. When a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is used in a head-up display, the arrangement of the curved reflective mirror allows the head-up display to have a farther imaging distance and a larger imaging size, and the curved reflective mirror can further cooperate with a curved reflective imaging unit (described below), for example, a windshield, to eliminate (remove) distortion of the virtual image caused by the reflective imaging unit.

[0046] for example, First reflecting element 31 The reflective surface of the first reflective element 31 may be a free-form surface, for example, the reflective surface of the first reflective element 31 does not have rotationally symmetric properties, which enhances the imaging quality of the display device.

[0047] 2A is a comparative schematic diagram of a case where a refractive element in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure refracts image light rays emitted from a display area of ​​an image source and a case where the image light rays emitted from the display area of ​​the image source are not refracted by a refractive element, and FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of an equivalent distance from a display surface of a first display area to a first reflecting element in FIG. 1. FIG. 2A uses a reference image source 301 and a refractive element 2′ as an example to explain the function of the refractive element in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. A The refractive element 2' in FIG. 1 , except that the reference image source 301 does not indicate the tilt angle of the first image source 11. Figure 1 This corresponds to the first image source 11 in Figure 2. AAs shown in the left diagram of FIG. 2B , image rays L1 and L2 emitted from point A on the display surface of reference image source 301 are directly incident on the reflecting mirror without passing through the refractive element. Similarly, as shown in the right diagram of FIG. 2B , image rays L3 and L4 emitted from point A on the display surface of reference image source 301 are incident on refractive element 2′ and emerge from the surface of refractive element 2′ facing away from reference image source 301. The surface of refractive element 2′ facing away from reference image source 301 is the interface between refractive element 2′ and air. Because the refractive index of refractive element 2′ (i.e., is greater than the refractive index of air), the image rays are refracted at the interface. The refracted image rays emerge as image rays L5 and L6, respectively, from the surface of refractive element 2′ facing away from reference image source 301 and are incident on the reflecting mirror. For example, when the refractive element 2' is in close contact with the light-emitting surface of the image source, the emission angles of the image rays L3 and L4 are the same as the emission angles of the image rays L1 and L2, respectively (the following principle applies similarly when there is an air gap between the refractive element 2' and the light-emitting surface of the image source). In this case, the extensions of the image rays L5 and L6 emitted from the surface of the refractive element 2' facing away from the reference image source 301 intersect at point O (for example, the two dashed lines in FIG. 2A intersect at point O), and the surface on which the multiple points O corresponding to the multiple image rays are located corresponds to an equivalent display surface, and the distance from point O to the reflecting mirror is the equivalent distance from the reference image source 301 to the reflecting mirror. Therefore, when there are optical elements between the image source 301 and the first reflecting element 31, the equivalent distance can be regarded as the distance between the reflecting mirror and the position where the image source 301 is imaged through the last optical element (e.g., refractive element 2' or second reflecting element 321) before the first reflecting element 31. Obviously, the distance from point O to the reflecting mirror is smaller than the distance from point A to the reflecting mirror, and when, for example, refractive element 2' is provided, the equivalent distance from the image source 301 to the reflecting mirror is smaller than the distance from the image source 301 (for example, point A) to the reflecting mirror when refractive element 2' is not provided. Therefore, providing refractive element 2' reduces the distance from the display surface of the reference image source 301 to the reflecting mirror (for example, reduces the equivalent distance) compared to when refractive element 2' is not provided under the same conditions.In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, for example, referring to Figures 1 and 2B together, the reflective surface of the first reflective element 31 includes a curved surface, for example, the first reflective element 31 is a curved mirror, and if there is an optical element, such as a refractive element 2, between the first image source 11 and the reflective surface of the first reflective element 31, the equivalent distance from the first image source 11 to the first reflective element 31 is the distance between the position where the image light ray emitted from the first image source 11 passes through the last optical element, such as the refractive element 2, in front of the first reflective element 31 and is imaged, and the optical center of the curved reflective surface of the first reflective element 31. Therefore, similarly, in the display device shown in Figure 1, when the refractive element 2 is provided, the equivalent distance from the display surface 20 of the first image source 11 to the first reflecting element 31 is smaller than the distance from the display surface 20 of the first image source 11 to the first reflecting element 31 when the refractive element 2 is not provided, which is equivalent to reducing the distance from the display surface 20 of the first image source 11 to the first reflecting element 31 by providing the refractive element 2 compared to when the refractive element 2 is not provided. In a display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the added optical distance gradually decreases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, and therefore the reduction in the equivalent distance gradually decreases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110. Therefore, the equivalent distance from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 to the first reflective element 31 gradually increases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, and it can be realized that the first virtual image 100 formed correspondingly by the image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the region is an inclined image.

[0048] 2B , taking the leftmost ray A1-A2-A3 emitted from first display area 110 in FIG. 1 as an example, ray A1 is emitted from display surface 20 of first display area 110 and refracts at the interface between refractive element 2 and air to obtain ray A2, line segment O1O' is perpendicular to the reflecting surface of second reflecting element 321, and point O1 is the intersection point between the reverse extension of ray A2 and O1O'. The equivalent distance from the position where ray A1 on display surface 20 of first display area 110 exits display surface 20 of first display area 110 to first reflecting element 31 is (M1O1+A3). Similarly, the equivalent distance from the position where the light ray B1 in FIG. 1 is emitted from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31 is (M2O2+B3). First display area 110 Display surface 20 The equivalent object distance from the position where the light is emitted from the first reflecting element 31 to the first reflecting element 31 is (M3O3+C3). (M3O3+C3) > (M2O2+B3) > (M1O1+A3). Here, using the above-described three positions of the display surface of the first display area 110 as an example, it will be explained that when the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 does not need to be tilted with respect to the horizontal direction, the equivalent object distance from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31 gradually increases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, thereby making it possible to make the first virtual image 100 the above-described tilted image.

[0049] 1 , the height of the far end of the first virtual image 100 is higher than the height of the near end of the first virtual image 100, so that the first virtual image 100 satisfies the perspective relationship of the human eye. Compared to when the near end of an oblique image is higher than the far end, the height of the far end of the first virtual image 100 is higher than the height of the near end of the first virtual image 100, so that a user (e.g., a driver) can view the oblique image more comfortably while driving. Furthermore, when the oblique first virtual image 100 is used to present, for example, a road sign on the ground, the road sign image viewed by the user has a better ground contact effect, and the oblique first virtual image 100 can achieve a better viewing effect. For example, "height" herein may refer to height relative to the ground.

[0050] For example, in some embodiments, the height of the far end of the first virtual image 100 may be lower than the height of the near end of the first virtual image 100, which may be designed according to the needs of presenting different images.

[0051] For example, by adjusting the positional relationship between the first image source and the first reflecting element and adjusting the heights of the first and second ends of the display surface of at least a portion of the region, the height of the far end of the first virtual image can be made higher than the height of the near end of the first virtual image. Note that the first end of the first display area 110 is also the first end of the display surface 20 of the first display area 110, and the second end of the first display area 110 is also the second end of the display surface 20 of the first display area 110.

[0052] 1 , the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 is parallel to the horizontal direction, and the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 is not tilted, and the height of the first end e1 of the display surface 20 relative to the ground while the user is using the display device is equal to the height of the second end e2 of the display surface 20 relative to the ground while the user is using the display device. For example, in other embodiments, the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 may have a non-zero angle with the ground, and may be tilted relative to the ground, and the display surface 20 of the first display area 110, the refractive element 2, and the first reflective element 31 may cooperate with each other to form the tilted first virtual image 100. For example, in another embodiment, the image light reflected by the first reflecting element 31 forms an inclined first virtual image 100 after being reflected by the windshield, for example, the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 and the refractive element 2, and the first reflecting element 31 and the windshield cooperate with each other to form the inclined first virtual image 100. For example, the second edge e2 of the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 is farther from the first reflecting element 31 than the first edge e1 of the display surface 20, for example, the distance between the first edge e1 of the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 and the first reflecting element 31 is shorter than the distance between the second edge e2 of the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 and the first reflecting element 31. Furthermore, along the direction from the first end of the first display area 110 to the second end of the first display area 110, the optical distance from the image light ray emitted from the first display area 110 entering the refractive element 2 to emitting from the refractive element 2 gradually becomes smaller, so the equivalent distance from the second end e2 of the display surface 20 to the first reflecting element 31 is larger, for example, the height of the far end of the first virtual image 100 is higher than the height of the near end of the first virtual image 100.

[0053] For example, in some embodiments, the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 and refracted by the refractive element 2 are directly incident on the first reflecting element 31 without passing through any other reflecting elements, e.g., no optical element is provided between the first image source 11, the refractive element 2, and the first reflecting element 31. Also, for example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the display device further includes a second reflecting element 321 configured to reflect the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 and refracted by the refractive element 2 to the first reflecting element 31, which then reflects the image light rays incident on its reflective surface and propagates the image light rays reflected by the first reflecting element 31 to the viewing area 5 to form the first virtual image 100.

[0054] For example, in other embodiments, the second reflective element 321 may be a flat reflective mirror. For example, the second reflective element 321 may also be one or more of a curved reflective mirror, such as a free-form reflective mirror, an aspherical reflective mirror, or a spherical reflective mirror. The second reflective element 321 schematically illustrated in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is a flat reflective mirror. The use of a flat reflective mirror can provide a folding effect on the optical path within the display device to save space and avoid further distortion and / or size changes in the image displayed on the display device.

[0055] For example, as shown in FIG. 2B , the second reflective element 321 is located on the viewing side of the first image source 11, but is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the second reflective element may be located on the non-viewing side of the first image source, and another reflective structure directs light emitted from the first image source toward the first reflective element 31. The first reflective element 31 is configured to reflect image light reflected by the second reflective element 321 and propagated to the first reflective element 31. For example, the image light emitted from the first image source 11 is reflected by the second reflective element 321 to the first reflective element 31. For example, the first reflective element 31 is located on the side of the second reflective element 321 facing the first image source 11. For example, no optical element may be provided between the first reflecting element 31 and the second reflecting element 321, and the light reflected by the second reflecting element 321 may be directly incident on the first reflecting element 31, but this is not limited to this. In other embodiments, other optical elements, such as a reflecting structure or a lens, may be provided between the first reflecting element and the second reflecting element, and the light after being processed by the other optical elements may be incident on the first reflecting element.

[0056] For example, the display side of the first image source 11 refers to the side of the first image source 11 that emits light. Although Fig. 2B shows a case where the display device includes a second reflective element 321 and a first reflective element 31, this is not limited to this case, and in some other embodiments, the display device may not include the second reflective element 321 and may only include the first reflective element 31. In this case, First display area 110 The image light rays emitted from and refracted by the refractive element 2 are directly incident on the first reflecting element 31 without being reflected by the second reflecting element 321 .

[0057] For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , along a direction from a first end e1 of the first display area 110 to a second end e2 of the first display area 110 (e.g., along a direction from a first end of at least some of the regions to a second end of at least some of the regions), the refractive index of the refractive element 2 is equal, and the thickness of the refractive element 2 along the direction of the main optical axis of the image light emitted from the at least some of the regions gradually decreases, e.g., in at least one embodiment, the thickness of the refractive element 2 in a direction perpendicular to the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 gradually decreases, e.g., By gradually reducing the optical distance along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 (e.g., at least a portion of the region) to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, during which the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 enter the refractive element 2 and exit the refractive element 2, the equivalent distance of the display surface 20 in the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110 is gradually adjusted, and the equivalent distance of the display surface 20 along that direction is gradually increased, thereby obtaining an inclined first virtual image 100.

[0058] For example, the term "chief light, chief ray, or optical axis" refers to the center line or axis of a light beam, and may be considered to be the main direction in which the light beam propagates.

[0059] For example, in the direction from the first end of at least some of the regions to the second end e2 of at least some of the display areas, the thickness of the refractive element corresponding to at least some of the regions in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of at least some of the regions gradually decreases, meaning that the thickness decreases monotonically, for example, decreases linearly or decreases nonlinearly.

[0060] For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, since the refractive index of the refractive element 2 is equal along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, the entire refractive element 2 may be made of the same material, for example, an integrated structure.

[0061] 1 , the surface 21 of the refractive element 2 facing away from the first image source 11 may be flat, and the change in the surface 21 facing away from the first image source 11 in the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110 may be gradually uniform, so that the tilt degree at each position of the first virtual image 100 is consistent and phenomena such as local excessive curvature of the tilted screen can be prevented, resulting in a better viewing experience for the user. For example, in another embodiment, the surface 21 of the refractive element 2 facing away from the first image source 11 may be curved, and the thickness of the refractive element 2 in the direction perpendicular to the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 may be gradually reduced.

[0062] For example, the exit surface of the refractive element 2 is a curved surface, for example, the surface of the refractive element 2 facing away from the first image source 11 is a convex curved surface. For example, when image light rays are emitted by the refractive element 2 including the curved exit surface, the shape of the virtual image formed on the display device changes, for example, when the display device is used in a head-up display, the virtual image observed by the user in the observation area is curved, for example, the curved concave surface faces the user, and road instructions can be displayed in the part of the virtual image close to the ground, and other content, for example, POI information on both sides, can be displayed in the curved part (the part of the virtual image facing away from the ground).

[0063] For example, when the surface 21 of the refractive element 2 facing away from the first image source 11 is flat, the surface 21 of the refractive element 2 facing away from the first image source 11 and the display surface of the first display area 110 have a first angle, which is 1° to 60°, for example, 5° to 15°, so that the tilted first virtual image 100 has an appropriate tilt angle, for example, the angle between the first virtual image 100 and the ground is 5° to 90°, which has a better ground contact effect and provides a better viewing experience of the tilted screen when the user drives a driving device using the display device.

[0064] 1, the orthogonal projection of the refractive element 2 onto the display surface of the first display area 110 is located within the first display area 110, for example, the orthogonal projection of the refractive element 2 onto the display surface of the first display area 110 is located within at least a partial region. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the orthogonal projection of the refractive element 2 onto the first display area 110 covers the entire first display area 110, for example, the orthogonal projection of the refractive element 2 onto the first display area 110 covers the entire at least a partial region, thereby allowing image light emitted from the first display area 110 to be directly incident on the refractive element 2, improving light efficiency.

[0065] 1, the refractive element 2 is attached to the first display area 110 (for example, at least a part of the area), and for example, the refractive element 2 is in close contact with the first display area 110, for example, directly or with an optical adhesive, and there is essentially no air gap between the refractive element 2 and the first display area 110. In this way, image light emitted from the first display area 110 is directly incident on the refractive element 2 without passing through the air gap, which is advantageous for improving light efficiency.

[0066] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the refractive element includes a portion that is attached to the first display area 110 (e.g., at least a portion of the area) and a portion that is spaced apart from the first display area 110 (e.g., at least a portion of the area).

[0067] For example, a support member may be provided between the first display area 110 and the refractive element 2, and the support member may be a thin light-transmitting plate, such as a thin glass plate, that covers the first display area 110. The support member is in close contact with the first display area 110, and the refractive element 2 is in close contact with the support member. The first display area 110 and the refractive element 2 are in close contact with both sides of the support member, respectively, which prevents the heavy refractive element 2 from damaging the first display area 110 and improves the stability of the device when used.

[0068] For example, the display device further includes a fixing structure (not shown) configured to fix the refractive element 2. For example, the fixing structure is located on an edge of the first image source 11 and includes, for example, a locking groove or a locking member that fixes a side edge of the refractive element 2. Alternatively, the refractive element 2 is attached to the first image source 11.

[0069] For example, in some embodiments, the refractive index of the refractive element along the main optical axis direction of the image light rays emitted from at least some of the regions gradually decreases along a direction from a first end of at least some of the regions (e.g., first display area 110) to a second end of at least some of the regions (e.g., first display area 110).

[0070] Illustratively, Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in Fig. 3 differs from the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 in the following respects. For example, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the refractive index of the refractive element 2 gradually decreases, for example, linearly or nonlinearly, along a direction from a first end e1 of the first display area 110 (e.g., at least a portion of the region) to a second end e2 of the first display area 110, and in this case, for example, the thickness of the refractive element 2 in a direction perpendicular to the display surface 20 of at least a portion of the region is constant. In this way, along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 (e.g., at least a portion of the region) to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, the optical distance in the process in which the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 enter the refractive element 2 and exit from the refractive element 2 can be gradually reduced, and the equivalent distance of the display surface 20 in the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110 can be gradually adjusted to gradually increase the equivalent distance of the display surface 20 along the direction, thereby obtaining an inclined first virtual image 100.

[0071] Other features of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 are the same as those of FIG. 1, and reference may be made to the description of FIG. 1, and will not be further described here.

[0072] 4 is a schematic diagram of another display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in the following respects. As shown in FIG. 6, the first display area 110 includes a first sub-displaying area 111 and a second sub-displaying area 112, and at least a portion of the first sub-displaying area 111. For example, image light rays emitted from the first sub-displaying area 111 enter the refractive element 2, are refracted at the interface between the refractive element 2 and air, and then propagate to the first reflecting element 31. The first reflecting element 31 is configured to reflect the image light rays emitted from the first sub-displaying area 111, pass through the refractive element 2, and are reflected by the second reflecting element 321 to propagate to the first reflecting element 31. The image light rays are finally propagated to the observation area 5 to form the first virtual image 100. Furthermore, image light rays emitted from the second sub-displaying area 112 are incident on the first reflecting element 31 without being refracted by the refractive element 2, and the first reflecting element 31 is further configured to reflect the image light rays emitted from the second sub-displaying area 112 and incident on the first reflecting element 31 to the observation area 5 to form a second virtual image 200. The propagation distances of the image light rays emitted from the second sub-displaying area from each position on the display surface of the second sub-displaying area 112 to the first reflecting element 31 are equal, and the second virtual image 200 and the first virtual image 100 have a second non-zero angle. For example, the first virtual image 100 is an oblique image, and the second virtual image 200 is a vertical image, thereby realizing that a local portion of the display image of the first displaying area 110 is an oblique image. For example, the angle between the second virtual image 200 and the ground is greater than the angle between the first virtual image 100 and the ground.

[0073] For example, the second virtual image 200 being a vertical image means that the second virtual image 200 is perpendicular to the horizontal direction. For example, the second virtual image 200 is essentially perpendicular to the ground, and the angle between the second virtual image 200 and the ground is 90°±10°. When the angle between the second virtual image 200 and the ground is 80° to 100°, the second virtual image 200 and the ground are considered to be essentially perpendicular. The horizontal direction refers to a direction parallel to the ground along which the traffic device using the head-up display travels, or the direction along which the traffic device using the head-up display travels. For example, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the first virtual image is not necessarily aligned along the inclined direction, and the second virtual image is not necessarily aligned along the vertical direction.

[0074] Compared with the case where the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 are not refracted by the refractive element 2 before entering the first reflecting element 31, in this embodiment, the object distance from the display surface 20 of the entire first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31 is equal, and the degree to which the refractive element 2 reduces the equivalent object distance from the display surface of the first sub-displaying area 111 to the first reflecting element 31 along the direction from the first end e1 of the first sub-displaying area 111 to the second end e2 of the first sub-displaying area 111 gradually decreases, so that the equivalent object distance from the display surface of the first sub-displaying area 111 to the first reflecting element 31 gradually increases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first sub-displaying area 111 to the second end e2 of the first sub-displaying area 111. The principle by which the refractive element 2 and the first sub-displaying area 111 cooperate to realize tilted imaging is the same as that shown in FIG. 1.

[0075] For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the orthogonal projection of the refractive element 2 onto the first display area 110 is located within the first sub-display area 111, thereby allowing the image light rays emitted from the first sub-display area 111 to be more directly incident on the refractive element 2, thereby improving light efficiency.

[0076] For example, the display surface of the first sub-displaying area 111 and the display surface of the second sub-displaying area 112 may or may not be coplanar. For example, the display content of the second virtual image 200 and the display content of the first virtual image 100 may be independent of or related to each other. For example, the second virtual image 200 and the first virtual image 100 may be different images or different parts of the same image. For example, the optical distance from the first sub-displaying area 111 to the reflective surface of the first reflective element 31 may be different from the optical distance from the second sub-displaying area 112 to the reflective surface of the first reflective element 31, so that the center of the first virtual image 100 generated by the image light emitted from the first sub-displaying area 111 does not overlap with the center of the second virtual image 200 generated by the image light emitted from the second sub-displaying area 112.

[0077] For example, the above-mentioned "optical distance" refers to the product of the propagation path of the image light emitted from the corresponding display area and incident on the first reflecting element 31 and the refractive index of the propagation medium. For example, the geometric path of the image light emitted from the first sub-display area 111 to the first reflecting element 31 includes a portion that passes through the refractive element 2 and a portion that passes through air.

[0078] For example, the second sub-displaying area 112 is located on the side of the first sub-displaying area 111 away from the first reflective element 31, and the second virtual image 200 is located on the side of the first virtual image 100 away from the observation area 5. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the second sub-displaying area 112 is located on the side of the first sub-displaying area 111 closer to the first reflective element 31, and the second virtual image 200 is located on the side of the first virtual image 100 closer to the observation area 5, which may be designed according to needs.

[0079] Other features of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 are the same as those of FIG. 1, and reference may be made to the description therefor, and will not be further described here.

[0080] For example, Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in Fig. 5 differs from the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 in the following respects. As shown in Fig. 5, the refractive element 2 is spaced apart from the first display area 110 (e.g., at least a portion of the first display area 110) in a direction perpendicular to the display surface of the first display area 110. For example, an air layer exists between the refractive element 2 and the display surface of the first display area 110. Image light rays, such as light ray A0, light ray B0, and light ray C0, emitted from the first display area 110 pass through the air layer before entering the refractive element 2. The light rays A0, light ray B0, and light ray C0 are refracted at a surface 21 of the refractive element 2 that faces away from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110, thereby obtaining light rays A1, light ray B1, and light ray C1. As shown by light rays A2, B2 and C2, and light rays A3, B3 and C3, the refracted image light rays exit from the surface 21 of the refractive element 2 that is away from the display surface of the first display area 110, and are incident on the first reflecting element 31.

[0081] For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , the lower surface of the refractive element 2 close to the first image source 11 is parallel to the display surface 20 of the first display area 110. In other embodiments, the lower surface of the refractive element 2 close to the first image source 11 may not be parallel to the display surface 20 of the first display area 110. In this case, along the direction from the first end e1 of the at least some region to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, image rays of the same angle emitted from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 enter the refractive element 2 from the lower surface close to the first image source 11 of the refractive element 2 and then leave the first image source 11 of the refractive element 2. above The optical path length of the image light beams emitted from the surface may be gradually reduced, for example, continuously reduced, for example, the refractive index of the refractive element 2 may be equal along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, and the thickness of the refractive element 2 along the main optical axis direction of the image light beams emitted from the first display area 110 may be gradually reduced, for example, linearly reduced and then nonlinearly reduced, or in some embodiments, along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110. , bend Folding element 2 refractive index becomes gradually smaller, for example, linearly and then nonlinearly smaller, in which case, for example, the thickness of the refractive element 2 along the direction of the main optical axis of the image light emitted from the first display area 110 is equal. Alternatively, along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, the thickness and refractive index of the refractive element 2 along the direction of the main optical axis of the image light emitted from the first display area 110 change non-monotonically, such that along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, the image light at the same angle emitted from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 is incident on the refractive element 2 from the lower surface close to the first image source 11 of the refractive element 2 and then becomes smaller as the image light moves away from the first image source 11 of the refractive element 2. above It is only necessary to satisfy the requirement that the optical path length gradually decreases in the process of light being emitted from the surface.

[0082] Other features of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 are the same as those of FIG. 1, and reference may be made to the description of FIG.

[0083] For example, Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in Fig. 6 differs from the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 in the following respects. As shown in Fig. 6, the refractive element 2 includes a plurality of sub-refractive elements stacked in a direction perpendicular to the display surface 20 of the first display area 110. For example, the refractive element 2 includes a first sub-refractive element 2a and a second sub-refractive element 2b that are adjacent to each other. For example, the first sub-refractive element 2a and the second sub-refractive element 2b are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 and are in contact with each other. For example, along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, the optical distance of the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 from entering the overall structure (e.g., the entire second refractive element 2) consisting of a plurality of stacked sub-refractive elements to emitting from the overall structure gradually decreases. As a result, along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110 (for example, in this embodiment, it may also be along the direction away from the first reflective element 31), the degree of decrease in the object distance from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 to the first reflective element 31 gradually decreases, and the equivalent object distance from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 to the first reflective element 31 along that direction gradually increases, resulting in an inclined first virtual image 100.

[0084] For example, the materials of the plurality of sub-refractive elements may be different so as to have different refractive indices, for example, the first sub-refractive element 2 a and the second sub-refractive element 2 b may be made of different materials and have different refractive indices. By using an embodiment in which the refractive element 2 includes a plurality of stacked sub-refractive elements, the refractive index of the refractive element 2 can be flexibly adjusted to meet various refractive index requirements, compensate for the lack of refractive index range of a single-layer refractive element made of a single material, and expand the adjustment range of the image light beam emitted from the first display area 110.

[0085] 6, the refractive index of the entire refractive element 2 made up of a plurality of sub-refractive elements stacked along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110 is equal, and the thickness of the entire refractive element 2 made up of a plurality of sub-refractive elements stacked along the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the first display area 110 gradually decreases. First display area 110 The furthest sub-refractive element 2 a is The surface 21 away from the display surface 20 of the first display area 110 and surface 21 is It may be a flat surface or a curved surface, and the above description may be referred to for specific details.

[0086] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the refractive index of the refractive element 2 as a whole, which is made up of a plurality of sub-refractive elements stacked together, gradually decreases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, and the thickness of the refractive element 2 as a whole, which is made up of a plurality of sub-refractive elements stacked together, in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the second sub-display area 112, is uniform. For example, the refractive indices of the stacked sub-refractive elements may be different. For example, for a first sub-refractive element and a second sub-refractive element included in the refractive element 2 that are stacked and adjacent to each other in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the second sub-display area 112, the refractive index of the first sub-refractive element may be smaller than the refractive index of the second sub-refractive element. Also, the thickness of the first sub-refractive element in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the second sub-display area 112 gradually increases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, and the thickness of the first sub-refractive element in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the second sub-display area 112 may be uniform. The thickness of the second sub-refractive element gradually decreases in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the second sub-refractive element, and the shape of the surface of the first sub-refractive element that contacts the second sub-refractive element is complementary to the shape of the surface of the second sub-refractive element that contacts the first sub-refractive element, so that the refractive index of the entire structure made up of the plurality of refractive elements stacked gradually decreases along the direction from the first end e1 of the first display area 110 to the second end e2 of the first display area 110, and the thickness of the entire structure made up of the plurality of refractive elements stacked in the direction perpendicular to the display surface of the second sub-display area 112 is uniform. For example, there may be other forms that realize this aspect, and the above is merely an example.

[0087] Other features of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 are the same as those of FIG. 1, and reference should be made to the description of FIG.

[0088] 7 is a schematic diagram of another display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A in the following respects. As shown in FIG. 7, the display device further includes a second image source 12 including a second display area 120. Image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 are propagated to a first reflecting element 31. For example, the image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 and propagated to the first reflecting element 31 form a third virtual image 300 different from the first virtual image 100. The optical distance from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31 is not equal to the optical distance from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31. This results in a multi-layer display. The display surfaces of the first display area 110 and the second display area 120 may be parallel to each other, for example, the display surfaces of the first display area 110 and the second display area 120 may both be parallel to the horizontal direction. For example, the angle between the third virtual image 300 and the ground is larger than the angle between the first virtual image 100 and the ground.

[0089] For example, the optical distance from the display surface to the first reflecting element 31 may be the optical distance from the center of the display surface to the center (e.g., optical center) of the first reflecting element 31. For example, the optical distance from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31 may be the optical distance from the center of the display surface of the first display area 110 to the center of the first reflecting element 31. The optical distance from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31 may be the optical distance from the center of the display surface of the second display area 120 to the center of the first reflecting element 31.

[0090] For example, the third virtual image 300 may be a virtual image that is not completely identical to the first virtual image 100, for example, the two virtual images may differ in at least one of the position, size, tilt degree, and screen content.

[0091] For example, the second image source 12 does not have a refractive element, and the image light emitted from the second display area 120 of the second image source 12 propagates to the first reflecting element 31 without passing through the refractive element, and the third virtual image 300 is a vertical image, for example, the third virtual image 300 is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, for example, perpendicular to the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction may refer to a direction perpendicular to the plane on which the observation area 5 is located, or a direction parallel to the ground on which the traffic device using the head-up display travels, or a direction in which the traffic device using the head-up display travels. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the first virtual image being along the inclination direction and the third virtual image being along the vertical direction. For example, in some other embodiments, the third virtual image 300 may be ... perpendicular to the horizontal direction. 3 In order for the virtual image to be an inclined virtual image, the second display area may be disposed at an angle, for example, having a non-zero angle with the display surface of the first display area 11 as shown in FIG. 3 Since the virtual image is also an inclined virtual image, the second image source 12 may be provided with a refractive element similar to that provided for the first image source 11. The angle of each image in the multi-layer display may be designed as required and is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0092] 7 , the display device further includes a third reflective element 322 configured to reflect image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 and then propagate to the first reflective element 31. In other embodiments, there may be no other optical element between the second display area 120 and the first reflective element 31, for example, the third reflective element 322 may not be provided, and the image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 may be directly incident on the first reflective element 31. Furthermore, as shown schematically in FIG. 7 , there are no other optical elements between the second display area 120 and the third reflecting element 322, and the image light emitted from the second display area 120 is directly incident on the third reflecting element 322; however, the present disclosure is not limited to this, and other optical elements, such as lenses, may be further provided between the second display area 120 and the third reflecting element 322. For example, the image light emitted from the second display area 120 may be processed by other optical elements before being incident on the third reflecting element 322.

[0093] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 7, the first display area 110 is located on the side of the second display area 120 away from the first reflective element 31, and the third reflective element 322 is located on the side of the second reflective element 321 away from the first reflective element 31, or the first display area 110 is located on the side of the second display area 120 closer to the first reflective element 31, and the third reflective element 322 is located on the side of the second reflective element 321 closer to the first reflective element 31.

[0094] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, by adjusting the distance between the second reflective element 321 and the first display area 110 and the first reflective element 31, and the distance between the third reflective element 322 and the second display area 120 and the first reflective element 31, it is possible to realize that the distance from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflective element 31 is not equal to the distance from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflective element 31 (or that the propagation distance of the image light emitted from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflective element 31 is not equal to the propagation distance of the image light emitted from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflective element 31), and that the optical distances of the image light emitted from the first display area 110 and the second display area 120 and propagated to the first reflective element 31 are different.

[0095] For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the reflecting surface of first reflecting element 31 is a curved surface, and the reflecting surfaces of second reflecting element 321 and third reflecting element 322 are flat surfaces.

[0096] For example, to meet the user's need to view different images, the first display area 110 and the second display area 120 may display different images, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and for example, some of the at least two display areas may display the same image.

[0097] For other features and technical advantages of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, please refer to the previous description of FIG.

[0098] 8 is a schematic diagram of another display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG. 8 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 in the following respects. As shown in FIG. 8, the display device includes: 5th Image Source 15 and a fifth reflective element 323, 5th Image Source 15 teeth, 5th display area 140 Including, 5th display area 140The display surface of the second display area 120 and the display surface of the first display area 110 have a third non-zero angle. The third reflective element 322 is configured to reflect image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 to the first reflective element 31, and the fifth reflective element 323 is configured to reflect image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 to the first reflective element 31. 5th display area 140 The image light emitted from the first reflecting element 31 is reflected by the first reflecting element 31.

[0099] For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the distance from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31 and 5th display area 140 The distance from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31 is not equal (or the propagation distance of the image light rays emitted from the display surface of the second display area 120 propagating from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31 is not equal). 5th display area 140 The image light emitted from the display surface of 5th display area 140 (The propagation distances from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31 are not equal), and therefore the distance from the user to the third virtual image 300 and the distance from the user to the fifth virtual image 500, which are formed by reflection from the first reflecting element 31, are different. 5th display area 140 The image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 and the fifth display area 122 are reflected by the third reflecting element 322 and the fifth reflecting element 323 to the first reflecting element 31, respectively. 5th display area 140 In some other embodiments, to achieve a one-layer display, the propagation distance of the image light rays emitted from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31 may be equal to the propagation distance of the image light rays emitted from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31. For example, the distance of the third virtual image 300 from the user and the distance of the fifth virtual image 500 from the user are the same, and in this case, the optical distances of the image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 and the first display area 110 and propagating to the first reflecting element 31 are the same.

[0100] For example, in FIG. 5th display area 140The display surface of the second display area 120 is parallel to the display surface of the first display area 120. 5th display area 140 The display surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 and the virtual image formed by the reflection of the image light emitted from the second display area 120 by the second reflecting element 322 are substantially parallel to each other. For example, the angle between the reflecting surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 and the reflecting surface of the third reflecting element 322 is not greater than 20°. 5th display area 140 The degree of parallelism of the virtual image formed by the image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 being reflected by the first reflecting element is better. 5th display area 140 When the display surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 and the display surface of the second display area 120 are parallel, the angle between the reflective surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 and the reflective surface of the third reflecting element 322 may be greater than 20°. 5th display area 140 and the virtual image formed by the image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 being reflected by the first reflecting element 31. For example, when the reflecting surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 and the reflecting surface of the third reflecting element 322 are parallel to each other, 5th display area 140 The angle between the display surface of the first display area 120 and the display surface of the second display area 120 does not have to be greater than 20°.

[0101] 8, the angle between the reflective surface of the third reflecting element 322 and the reflective surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 is not greater than 15°. For example, the angle between the reflective surface of the third reflecting element 322 and the reflective surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 is not greater than 10°. For example, the angle between the reflective surface of the third reflecting element 322 and the reflective surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 is not greater than 5°. For example, the angle between the reflective surface of the third reflecting element 322 and the reflective surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 is 0°. For example, the reflective surface of the third reflecting element 322 and the reflective surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 may be arranged in parallel.

[0102] For example, the third reflecting element 322 and the fifth reflecting element 323 may be planar reflecting mirrors, and the above statement "the angle between the reflecting surface of the third reflecting element 322 and the reflecting surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 is not greater than 15°" may mean that the angle between the two planar reflecting surfaces is not greater than 15°.

[0103] For example, the third reflecting element 322 and the fifth reflecting element 323 may further be one or more of a curved reflecting mirror, an aspherical reflecting mirror, a spherical reflecting mirror, etc., and the above phrase "the angle between the reflecting surface of the third reflecting element 322 and the reflecting surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 is not greater than 15°" may also mean that the angle between the planes bounded by the edges of the reflecting surfaces is not greater than 15°.

[0104] For example, the third reflective element 322 and the fifth reflective element 323 may be the same type of reflective mirror or different types of reflective mirrors, and the third reflective element 322 and the fifth reflective element 323 schematically illustrated in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure may both be flat reflective mirrors. The use of flat reflective mirrors can facilitate the fabrication of the display device, can provide a folding effect on the optical path within the display device to save space, and can avoid further distortion and size change of the image displayed on the display device.

[0105] For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the second display area 120 and 5th display area 140 The second display area 120 and the fifth display area 121 may be located on the same plane, and the positions and angles of the third reflective element 322 and the fifth reflective element 323 may be adjusted to change the position and angle of the second display area 120 and the fifth reflective element 321. 5th display area 140 The optical distances of the image light rays emitted from the second display area 120 and propagating to the first reflecting element 31 can be different. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, for example, the second display area and the fifth display area can be located on different planes, and the third reflecting element and the fifth reflecting element can be located on the same plane (or different planes). By adjusting the positions of the second display area and the fifth display area, the distance from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31 and 5th display area 140 The distances from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31 are not equal, and 5th display area 140 The propagation distances of the image light rays emitted from the first reflecting element 31 and propagating to the first reflecting element 31 are different, and different optical paths can be realized.

[0106] In the display device shown in FIG. 8, the distance from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31, the distance from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31, 5th display area 140 The distances from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31 are not equal to each other, and the propagation distance of the image light emitted from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31, the propagation distance of the image light emitted from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31, and 5th display area 140 The image light emitted from the display surface of 5th display area 140 It is considered that the propagation distances of the light propagating from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflective element 31 are not equal to each other, so that imaging can be performed at different distances from the observation area 5, which is more advantageous for matching and fusing images at different distances with real scenes at different distances, so that when the display device is used in a head-up display, the user does not need to repeatedly switch between images at a fixed distance and real scenes at different distances, which avoids conflicts in visual convergence accommodation and improves the user experience of the display device. In this case, for example, the first display area 110, the second display area 120, and 5th display area 140 and propagate to the first reflective element 31. In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical distances of the image rays emitted from the second reflective element 321 and the first display area 110 and the first reflective element 31, the distance between the third reflective element 322 and the second display area 120 and the first reflective element 31, and the distance between the fifth reflective element 323 and the 5th display area 140 and the first reflective element 31, it is possible to realize that the distances from the display surfaces of the three display areas to the first reflective element 31 are unequal to each other, that the propagation distances of the image light rays emitted from the display surfaces of the three display areas from the corresponding display surfaces to the first reflective element 31 are unequal to each other, and that the optical distances of the image light rays emitted from the three display areas and respectively propagated to the first reflective element 31 are different from each other.

[0107] For example, the first virtual image 100 shown schematically in FIG. 8 is an inclined virtual image, and the distance between the first virtual image 100 and the observation area 5 is greater than the distance between the fifth virtual image 500 and the observation area 5 and less than the distance between the third virtual image 300 and the observation area 5. For example, the first virtual image 100 is located between the fifth virtual image 500 and the third virtual image 300, but is not limited to this. The inclined virtual image may be the virtual image that is farthest from the observation area or the virtual image that is closest to the observation area, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this.

[0108] For example, as shown in FIG. 8 , the first virtual image 110 is inclined with respect to the horizontal direction, e.g., has an angle with the horizontal direction that is neither zero nor perpendicular, and the third virtual image 300 and the fifth virtual image 500 are perpendicular to the horizontal direction, e.g., perpendicular to the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction may refer to a direction perpendicular to the plane on which the observation area 5 is located, or may refer to a direction parallel to the ground on which the traffic device using the head-up display travels. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the first virtual image being aligned along the inclined direction and the second virtual image and the fifth virtual image being aligned along the vertical direction. For example, one of the second virtual image and the fifth virtual image may be an inclined virtual image, e.g., the virtual image is inclined toward the observation area along the direction from the virtual image to the observation area. For example, in some other embodiments, at least one of the display surfaces of the second display area and the fifth display area may be inclined, e.g., the first display area 11 shown in FIG. 8 may be inclined. 0 In some other embodiments, the virtual image formed by the light rays emitted from at least one of the second and fifth display areas is a tilted image due to the tilted configuration having the same angle or a different angle with respect to the display surface of the second image source 12 and the fifth display area. 5th Image Source 15 At least one of the second and fifth display areas may be provided with a similar refractive element corresponding to the first image source 1, whereby the virtual image formed by the light rays emanating from at least one of the second and fifth display areas is an oblique image.

[0109] For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the second display area 120 and 5th display area 140may be display areas at different positions of the same image source, for example, by dividing the same screen into different regions for display, thereby saving space and costs. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and in some other embodiments, the second display area and the fifth display area may be located at different image sources, for example, the screens of the different image sources may be closely adjacent, for example, the display surfaces of the different image sources may be parallel to each other, such as the second display area and the fifth display area being parallel, and by increasing the distance between the different image sources, the image light rays emitted from the two display areas can be prevented from affecting each other.

[0110] For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the second display area 120 and 5th display area 140 and a light-shielding structure 6 is provided between them to prevent image light rays emitted from different display areas from affecting each other. For example, the light-shielding structure 6 may be a light-shielding plate.

[0111] For example, the second image source 12 or 5th Image Source 15 may include, but is not limited to, the light blocking structure 6, which may include the second image source 12 or 5th Image Source 15 For example, the light blocking structure 6 may be different from the second image source 12 or 5th Image Source 15 , for example, the second image source 12 or 5th Image Source 15 The light blocking structure 6 is at least provided / attached / attached (for example, it may be attached by bonding, fixed, tightly attached, glued or adsorbed) to the display screen of the second image source 12, for example. 5th Image Source 15 It is located at the point of contact with

[0112] For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the third reflective element 322 and the fifth reflective element 323 may be two reflective elements that are independent of each other, making it easier to adjust both independently.

[0113] For example, the second reflective element 321, the third reflective element 322, and the fifth reflective element 323 may be the same type of reflective mirror or different types of reflective mirrors, and the second reflective element 321, the third reflective element 322, and the fifth reflective element 323 schematically shown in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure may all be planar reflective mirrors.

[0114] For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5th display area 140 The first display area 120 may display a close-up view, such as important driving data like vehicle gauges, and may display one or more of parameters like vehicle speed, oil level, steering, etc. The second display area 120 may display a distant view, such as a building. For example, the distant view displayed in the second display area 120 may include a point of interest (POI) icon, such as an image of a bank logo, and the bank logo image may be matched and blended with the location of the bank's real view, so that when the user can see a distant building like a bank, the bank logo is marked on the display screen.

[0115] For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5th display area 140 is configured to display a close-up view, and the display content of the close-up view may be important driving parameters such as vehicle instruments, and the size of the close-up view displayed thereby may be small. The second display area 120 is configured to display a distant view, and the display content of the distant view may be matched and blended with the actual scenery outside the vehicle, such as an actual scenery such as a building, and the size of the distant view displayed thereby is larger than the size of the close-up view. For example, the small close-up view does not obscure the large distant view view.

[0116] For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5th display area 140 The display surface of the second display area 120 is parallel to the display surface of the first display area 120. 5th display area 140 The display surface of the first display area 110 and the display surface of the second display area 120 may be parallel to the display surface of the first display area 110. For example, the display surface of the first display area 110, the display surface of the second display area 120, and 5th display area 140The display surfaces of the third and fifth reflecting elements 322 and 323 may be parallel to the horizontal direction. The angle between the reflecting surface of the third reflecting element 322 and the reflecting surface of the fifth reflecting element 323 is not greater than 20°. 5th display area 140 The angle between the display surface of the first display area 110 and the display surface of the second display area 110 is 5° to 90°. 5th display area 140 a fifth virtual image 500 formed by the image light rays displayed on the display surface of the second display area 120 being reflected by the first reflecting element 31; Approximately parallel to the third virtual image 300 The image light beams displayed in the first display area 110 are reflected by the first reflecting element 31 to form a first virtual image 100. and the fifth display area 140 The image light emitted from each The first virtual image 100 and the fifth virtual image 500 formed by reflection by the first reflecting element 31 may not be parallel to each other, and for example, the angle between the first virtual image 100 and the fifth virtual image 500 may be 5° to 90°.

[0117] For other features and technical advantages of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, please refer to the previous description for FIG.

[0118] 9 is a schematic diagram of another display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG. 9 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in the following respects. As shown in FIG. 9, for example, the display device further includes a third image source 13 and a transmission element 8, where the third image source 13 includes a third display area 130, and a display surface of the third display area 130 and a display surface of the first display area 110 form a third non-zero angle, and the transmission element 8 is located on a side of the refractive element 2 away from the first image source 11, and is configured to transmit image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 to a first reflecting element 31 and to reflect image light rays emitted from the third display area 130. Furthermore, image light rays emitted from the third display area 130 are reflected by the transmission element 8 and then propagated to the first reflecting element 31, and the image light rays emitted from the third display area 130 and propagated to the first reflecting element 31 form a fourth virtual image 400 different from the first virtual image 100. The first virtual image 100 and the fourth virtual image 400 at least partially overlap each other. For example, the first virtual image 100 and the fourth virtual image 400 seen by the user's eyes in the observation area 5 at least partially overlap each other, and the first virtual image 100 and the fourth virtual image 400 can be coaxial. For example, the paths of the image light rays that form the first virtual image 100 and are directly incident on the observation area 5 and the paths of the image light rays that form the fourth virtual image 400 and are directly incident on the observation area 5 basically overlap each other, and the first virtual image 100 and the fourth virtual image 400 can be coaxial. For example, the viewing angles (for example, the overhead viewing angle, the planar viewing angle, and the angle between the user's line of sight and the horizontal direction) at which the user's eyes observe the first virtual image 100 and the fourth virtual image 400 in the observation area 5 are basically the same.

[0119] For example, by adjusting the refractive indices of the materials of the transmissive element 8 and the refractive element 2, the magnitude of the first angle between the surface 21 of the refractive element 2 facing away from the first image source 11 and the display surface 20 of the first display area 110, the angle between the transmissive element 8 and the display surface of the third display area 130, the distance between the transmissive element 8 and the display surface of the first display area 110, and the distance between the transmissive element 8 and the display surface of the third display area 130, a light ray obtained when light ray B emitted from the first display area 110 is transmitted by the transmissive element 8 and a light ray obtained when light ray A emitted from the third display area 130 is reflected by the transmissive element 8 partially overlap to obtain a light ray AB, which propagates to the first reflecting element 31 and is reflected by the first reflecting element 31, and the first virtual image 100 formed by light ray B reflected by the first reflecting element 31 and the fourth virtual image 400 formed by light ray A reflected by the first reflecting element 31 at least partially overlap.

[0120] For example, the projection of the first virtual image 100 onto the plane on which the fourth virtual image 400 is located is within the range of the fourth virtual image 400, and for example, the projection of the first virtual image 100 seen by the user's eyes in the observation area 5 onto the plane on which the fourth virtual image 400 is located is 4th virtual image 400 or the projection of the fourth virtual image 400 onto the plane on which the first virtual image 100 is located is within the range of the first virtual image 100, for example, the projection of the fourth virtual image 400 seen by the user's eyes in the observation area 5 onto the plane on which the first virtual image 100 is located is within the range of the first virtual image 100.

[0121] For example, the center of the first virtual image 100, the center of the fourth virtual image 400, and the center of the eye box region are located on the same straight line, and the center of the first virtual image 100 and the center of the fourth virtual image 400 seen by the user's eyes in the observation area 5 overlap.

[0122] For example, by adjusting the angle between the transparent element 8 and the display surface of the first display area 110, the angle between the transparent element 8 and the display surface of the third display area 130, the distance between the transparent element 8 and the display surface of the first display area 110, and the distance between the transparent element 8 and the display surface of the third display area 130, it is possible to ensure that the projection of the first virtual image 100 onto the plane on which the fourth virtual image 400 is located is within the range of the fourth virtual image 400, or that the projection of the fourth virtual image 400 onto the plane on which the first virtual image 100 is located is within the range of the first virtual image 100, or that the centers of the first virtual image 100, the fourth virtual image 400, and the observation area 5 are located on the same straight line.

[0123] For example, the third image source 13 includes a third display area 130, and the display surface of the third display area 130 and the display surface of the first display area 110 form a third non-zero angle, and the first virtual image 100 and the fourth virtual image 400 are parallel or at a non-zero angle. 4 For example, the third angle and the fourth angle may be equal, or in some implementations, the third angle and the fourth angle may not be equal.

[0124] For example, the distance from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflective element 31 is not equal to the distance from the display surface of the third display area 130 to the first reflective element 31, or the propagation distance of the image light emitted from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflective element 31 is not equal to the propagation distance of the image light emitted from the display surface of the third display area 130 to the first reflective element 31, thereby realizing a multi-layer display, and for example, the distances of the first virtual image 100 and the fourth virtual image 400 from the user (e.g., the driver of a transportation device using the display device) are different. In this case, the optical distances of the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 and the third display area 130 and propagated to the first reflective element 31 are not equal, and can be imaged at different distances to form multi-layered images at different distances from the user. For example, the first virtual image 100 and the fourth virtual image 400 are located in different layers, respectively, and different images can be merged with real scenes at different distances. The user's line of sight does not need to switch between images at a fixed distance and real scenes at different distances, which effectively improves the user experience of using the head-up display.

[0125] For example, the reflectance of the transmission element 8 to the image light emitted from the first display area 110 may be 70%, 60%, 50%, or other applicable value, and the transmittance of the transmission element 8 to the image light emitted from the third display area 130 may be 30%, 40%, 50%, or other applicable value. For example, the transmittance of the transmission element 8 to the image light emitted from the third display area 130 may be 70%, 60%, 50%, or other applicable value.

[0126] For example, the transmission element 8 includes a polarized transmission element 8, the third display area 130 emits a first polarized light (having polarized light of a first polarization), the first display area 110 emits a second polarized light (having polarized light of a second polarization), the polarization directions of the first polarized light and the second polarized light are perpendicular, and the transmission element 8 is configured to reflect the first polarized light and transmit the second polarized light. For example, the first display area 110 emits the second polarized light that is transmitted through the transmission element 8.

[0127] For example, the polarized light transmission element 8 may be an element formed by plating or attaching a film to a transparent substrate. For example, the polarized light transmission element 8 may be formed by plating or attaching one or more of a transmission film having the property of reflecting a first polarized light and transmitting a second polarized light, such as a reflective polarized dual brightness enhance film (DBEF) or a prism film (BEF), onto a substrate. The embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and for example, the transmission element 8 may also be an integrated element.

[0128] For example, the polarized light transmission element 8 may be an optical film having a polarized light transmission function, and may be formed by combining multiple film layers having different refractive indices in a certain stacking order, with each film layer having a thickness of approximately 10 to 1000 nm. The material of the film layer may be one or more of inorganic dielectric materials such as metal oxides and metal nitrides, or one or more of polymer materials such as polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polyethylene.

[0129] For example, one of the first polarized light and the second polarized light includes light rays in an S-polarized state, and the other of the first polarized light and the second polarized light includes light rays in a P-polarized state. For example, the angle between the polarization direction of the first polarized light and the polarization direction of the second polarized light may be approximately 90°. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, when the polarization direction of the first polarized light and the polarization direction of the second polarized light are perpendicular to each other, the first polarized light and the second polarized light may further be non-S-polarized light or non-P-polarized light. For example, the first polarized light and the second polarized light may be two types of linearly polarized light whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, two types of circularly polarized light whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, or two types of elliptically polarized light whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other.

[0130] For example, the transmission element 8 is a wavelength-selectable transmission element 8, the waveband in which the image light rays emitted from the third display area 130 are located is a first waveband group, the waveband in which the image light rays emitted from the first display area 110 are located is a second waveband group, and the transmission element 8 is configured to reflect the image light rays of the first waveband group and transmit the image light rays of the second waveband group.

[0131] For example, the "waveband" may include a single wavelength or a mixed range of multiple wavelengths. For example, when a waveband includes a single wavelength, light of that wavelength may be mixed with light of nearby wavelengths due to the influence of process errors.

[0132] For example, the image light beams of the first and second waveband groups may each include light beams of three wavebands (red, green, blue, RGB), where the half-width of each waveband is no greater than 50 nm. For example, the first and second waveband groups may each include image light beams of three wavebands, where the peak value of the first waveband is in the range of 410 nm to 480 nm, the peak value of the second waveband is in the range of 500 nm to 565 nm, and the peak value of the third waveband is in the range of 590 nm to 690 nm.

[0133] For example, the wavelength of the image light of the first waveband in the first waveband group is different from the wavelength of the image light of the first waveband in the second waveband group, the wavelength of the image light of the second waveband in the first waveband group is different from the wavelength of the image light of the second waveband in the second waveband group, and the wavelength of the image light of the third waveband in the first waveband group is different from the wavelength of the image light of the third waveband in the second waveband group.

[0134] For example, the wavelengths of the image light rays of each waveband in the first waveband group may all be smaller than the wavelengths of the image light rays of each waveband in the second waveband group. For example, in the first waveband group, the red light wavelength is 620 nanometers, the green light wavelength is 500 nanometers, and the blue light wavelength is 450 nanometers. For example, in the second waveband group, the red light wavelength is 650 nanometers, the green light wavelength is 530 nanometers, and the blue light wavelength is 470 nanometers. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the wavelengths of the image light rays of each waveband in the first waveband group may all be larger than the wavelengths of the image light rays of each waveband in the second waveband group. For example, in the first waveband group, the red light wavelength is 670 nanometers, the green light wavelength is 550 nanometers, and the blue light wavelength is 470 nanometers. For example, in the second waveband group, the red light wavelength is 650 nanometers, the green light wavelength is 530 nanometers, and the blue light wavelength is 450 nanometers. Setting the waveband relationships above can facilitate the fabrication of wavelength-selectable transmission elements.

[0135] For example, the image light beams of the first waveband group and the second waveband group may include image light beams of multiple wavebands, for example, including light beams of at least the three RGB wavebands to form color image light beams that can form a color image. For example, the image light beams of the first waveband group and the second waveband group may include image light beams of a waveband of one color, for example, the image light beams include one of the three RGB wavebands. Also, for example, if the wavelengths of the image light beams of the first waveband group and the second waveband group are different, the image light beams may include waveband light beams of any color within the visible light range to form monochromatic image light beams that can form a monochromatic image, similar to the above realization process.

[0136] For example, when a wavelength-selectable transmission element is used, the reflectance of the image light emitted from the third display area 130 may be 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or other applicable value, and the transmittance of the image light emitted from the first display area 110 may be 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or other applicable value, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the image light so as to minimize the light energy loss of the image light emitted from the first and third display areas.

[0137] For example, the first image source 11 and the third image source 13 are image sources that can emit RGB mixed light, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc. For example, the type of the second image source in the previous embodiment may be the same as the type of the first image source 11 and the third image source 13.

[0138] For example, the transmission element may be a polarization-wavelength selectable transmission element, e.g., where the wavebands in which the image light rays emanating from the first display area 110 and the second display area 120 are in overlapping or essentially overlapping but different polarization states, and the transmission element is configured to reflect the first image light rays and transmit the second image light rays.

[0139] For example, the "waveband" has the same or similar characteristics as those of the above embodiments and will not be further described here. For example, the polarization direction of the first polarization state and the polarization direction of the second polarization state are perpendicular. For example, one of the first polarization state and the second polarization state includes an S polarization state, and the other of the first polarization state and the second polarization state includes a P polarization state. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, when the polarization direction of the first polarization state and the polarization direction of the second polarization state are perpendicular, they may also be non-S polarization states or non-P polarization states. For example, the first polarization state and the second polarization state may be two linear polarization states whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other, two circular polarization states whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other, or two elliptical polarization states whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other.

[0140] For example, the first image light rays include RGB light rays with S polarization state and the second image light rays include RGB light rays with P polarization state, e.g., the first image light rays include RGB light rays with P polarization state and the second image light rays include RGB light rays with S polarization state.

[0141] For example, the reflectance of the transmission element 8 for one of the first image light rays and the second image light rays is greater than the reflectance for the other, or the transmittance of the transmission element 8 for one of the first image light rays and the second image light rays is greater than the transmittance for the other. For example, the reflectance of the transmission element 8 for the second image light rays is greater than the reflectance for the first image light rays. For example, the transmittance of the transmission element 8 for the first image light rays is greater than the transmittance for the second image light rays.

[0142] For example, the reflectance of the transmission element 8 for one of the first image light rays and the second image light rays is greater than the reflectance for the other, and the transmittance for one is less than the transmittance for the other. For example, the reflectance of the transmission element 8 for the second image light rays is greater than the reflectance for the first image light rays, and the transmittance of the transmission element 8 for the second image light rays is less than the transmittance for the first image light rays.

[0143] For example, the reflectance of the transmission element 8 using a polarization-wavelength selectable transmission element for the image light emitted from the second display area 120 may be 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or another applicable value, and the transmittance of the transmission element 8 for the image light emitted from the first display area 110 may be 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or another applicable value. This can increase the utilization rate of the transmission element 8 for the image light to minimize the light energy loss of the image light emitted from the first display area and the second display area.

[0144] For example, the wavelength-selectable transmission element and / or the polarization-wavelength-selectable transmission element may include a selectable transmission film made of an inorganic oxide film or a polymer film, the transmission film being made of at least two film layers having different refractive indices. Here, "different refractive indices" means that the film layers have different refractive indices in at least one of the three directions (x, y, and z). For example, the required film layers with different refractive indices can be preselected and laminated in a preselected order to form a transmission film with selectable reflection and transmission properties, which can selectively reflect light rays with certain characteristics and transmit light rays with other characteristics. For example, for a film layer made of an inorganic oxide material, the component of the film layer can be one or more selected from tantalum pentoxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and aluminum fluoride. For example, for a film layer made of an organic polymer material, the organic polymer material film layer can include at least two thermoplastic organic polymer film layers. For example, two thermoplastic polymer film layers are alternately arranged to form an optical film, and the refractive indexes of the two thermoplastic polymer film layers are different. For example, the molecules of the organic polymer material have a chain structure, and after stretching, the molecules are aligned in a certain direction, resulting in different refractive indices in different directions, so that a required film can be formed through a specific stretching process. For example, the thermoplastic polymer may be one or more of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and its derivatives with different polymerization degrees, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and its derivatives with different polymerization degrees, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and its derivatives with different polymerization degrees, etc.

[0145] 10 is a schematic diagram of another display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG. 10 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 in the following respects. The display device shown in FIG. 10 includes the first image source 11 shown in FIG. 9, the third image source 13, the transmission element 8, and the second image source 12 shown in FIG. 7. The display device shown in FIG. 10 includes the technical solution shown in FIG. 7 for forming a third virtual image 300 using image light emitted from the second image source 12, and the technical solution shown in FIG. 9 This corresponds to a combination of the technical solution shown in FIG. 1, in which a first virtual image 100 is formed using image light emitted from a first image source 11 and a fourth virtual image 400 is formed using image light emitted from a third image source 13.

[0146] For example, in Figure 10, the distance from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31, the distance from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31, and the distance from the display surface of the third display area 130 to the first reflecting element 31 are all unequal, and it is considered that the propagation distance over which image light rays emitted from the display surface of the first display area 110 propagate from the display surface of the first display area 110 to the first reflecting element 31, the propagation distance over which image light rays emitted from the display surface of the second display area 120 propagate from the display surface of the second display area 120 to the first reflecting element 31, and the propagation distance over which image light rays emitted from the display surface of the third display area 130 propagate from the display surface of the third display area 130 to the first reflecting element 31 are all unequal, which allows imaging to be performed at locations at different distances from the observation area 5. In this case, the optical distances of the image rays emitted from the first display area 110, the second display area 120, and the third display area 130 and propagating to the first reflecting element 31 are different from one another. In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, by adjusting the second reflecting element 321, the distances between the transmissive element 8 and the first display area 110 and the first reflecting element 31, the distances between the third reflecting element 322 and the second display area 120 and the first reflecting element 31, and the distances between the second reflecting element 321 and the third display area 130 and the first reflecting element 31, it is possible to realize that the distances from the display surfaces of the three display areas to the first reflecting element 31 are unequal to one another, and that the optical distances of the image rays emitted from the three display areas and propagating to the first reflecting element 31 are different from one another.

[0147] For the technical solution shown in Figure 10 for forming the third virtual image 300 using image light rays emitted from the second image source 12, and the technical solution shown in Figure 10 for forming the first virtual image 100 using image light rays emitted from the first image source 11 and the fourth virtual image 400 using image light rays emitted from the third image source 13, please refer to the previous description and will not be repeated here.

[0148] For example, the matching fusion, close contact between an image and a real scene, and the like referred to in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure may refer to displaying display content corresponding to information on a display screen (e.g., an image formed on a head-up display of a display device, e.g., a virtual image formed by reflection) viewed by a user from an observation area (e.g., an eyebox area) at a predetermined position in an actual scenario displayed on a windshield. For example, if the display screen includes an image of a bank, when a user views the outside world through the windshield, the image of the bank is displayed corresponding to the bank's position in the actual scenario. For example, the display device and / or the head-up display may display the image in a matching fusion form based on at least one of augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) technologies. For example, when a transportation device is in a driving state, an image screen in which display content corresponding to navigation map information, navigation prompt information, or planned route information is matched and fused with the actual scenario is projected onto the eyebox area at the driver's position, achieving a better display effect and helping to improve the safety and driving experience of the user operating the transportation device.

[0149] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a head-up display. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a head-up display according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, the head-up display includes a reflective imaging unit 4 and any display device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 illustrates an example in which the head-up display includes the display device shown in FIG. 2A. The reflective imaging unit 4 is configured to reflect image light reflected from the first reflective element 31 to the reflective imaging unit 4 toward an observation area 5 and transmit ambient light. A user in the observation area 5 can view a first virtual image 100 formed by the reflective imaging unit 4 using the image light emitted from the display device, and an environmental scene located on a side of the reflective imaging unit 4 away from the observation area 5. A head-up display according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure presents a tilted image to a user (e.g., a driver or a passenger) with a uniform and consistent tilt, preventing the tilted image from having excessively curved portions, and avoiding the problem of unclear information display due to screen curvature deformation and affecting the user's viewing experience. For example, if the tilted image is an image of a road sign on the ground, the tilted image can have a better ground contact effect, better combine the image with real objects in the outside world, and improve the user's usage experience of the display device.

[0150] For example, in another embodiment of a head-up display, when the head-up display includes a display device using a multi-layer display mode, a user in the observation area 5 can view multiple virtual images formed by the reflective imaging unit 4 using image light emitted from the display device.

[0151] For example, image light rays emitted from the elliptical display device are incident on the reflective imaging unit 4, and the light rays reflected by the reflective imaging unit 4 are incident on the observation area 5 where the eyes of a user, for example, a driver, are located, allowing the user to observe, for example, a virtual image formed outside the reflective imaging unit without affecting the user's observation of the external environment.

[0152] For example, the observation area 5 may be an eyebox area, which means a plane area where the user's eyes are located and where the image displayed on the head-up display can be seen. For example, the user's eyes are shifted a certain distance from the center of the eyebox area, and when the user's eyes move a certain distance, for example, up and down or left and right, if the user's eyes are still within the eyebox area, the user can still see the image displayed on the head-up display.

[0153] For example, the reflective imaging unit 4 may be a windshield or an imaging window of an automobile. For example, the windshield is a windshield, and the imaging window is a transparent imaging plate. For example, the windshield is used to reflect and transmit image light emitted from a windshield head-up display (Windshield-HUD, W-HUD), and the imaging window is used to transmit and reflect image light emitted from a combiner head-up display (Combiner-HUD, C-HUD).

[0154] For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the head-up display further includes a packaging housing 700 having an opening 710, and an image source 10 0 and beyond The first reflective element 31 and the second reflective element 32 are both located inside the packaging housing 700, the reflective imaging unit 4 is located outside the packaging housing 700, the first reflective element 31 reflects the image light emitted from the image source 100 to the position of the opening 710 of the packaging housing 700 and emits it from the opening 710 of the packaging housing 700, and the image light emitted from the opening 710 of the packaging housing 700 is reflected by the reflective imaging unit 4 to the observation area 5.

[0155] 11, the virtual image formed by the reflection of the image light beam emitted from the first display area 110 by the reflective imaging unit 4 is the first virtual image 100, and the first virtual image 110 is inclined with respect to the horizontal direction, for example, has an angle with the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction may mean a direction perpendicular to the plane on which the observation area 5 is located, or may mean a direction parallel to the ground on which the traffic device using the head-up display travels.

[0156] For example, an image source in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a light source, a backlight component, and an image generator.

[0157] For example, the light source may include at least one electroluminescent device that generates light rays by electric field excitation, such as a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a mini light-emitting diode (Mini LED), a micro light-emitting diode (Micro LED), a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), an LED cold light source (CLL), an electroluminescent (EL), a field emission display (FED) or a quantum dot light source (QD).

[0158] For example, the image generating unit may include a liquid crystal display panel. For example, the liquid crystal display panel may include an array substrate, a counter substrate, a liquid crystal layer located between the array substrate and the counter substrate, and a packaging adhesive for packaging the liquid crystal layer. For example, the liquid crystal display panel may further include a first polarizing layer provided on a side of the array substrate away from the counter substrate and a second polarizing layer provided on a side of the counter substrate away from the array substrate. For example, the light source is configured to provide backlight to the liquid crystal display panel, and the backlight is converted into image light after passing through the liquid crystal display panel.

[0159] For example, at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a traffic device. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a traffic device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, the traffic device includes any of the head-up displays according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. Alternatively, in at least one embodiment, the traffic device includes any of the display devices according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0160] For example, if the traffic device includes a head-up display, the reflective imaging unit is the windshield or imaging window of the traffic device, for example, the front window (e.g., windshield) of the traffic device is multiplexed as the reflective imaging unit 4 of the head-up display. By using the head-up display, the traffic device according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure can present tilted images to a user (e.g., a driver or passenger) with uniform and consistent tilts, prevent the tilted images from having excessively curved portions, and avoid the problem of unclear information display and an impact on the user's viewing experience due to screen curvature deformation. For example, if the tilted image is an image of a road sign on the ground, the tilted image can have a better ground contact effect, better combine the image with real objects in the external world, and improve the user's usage experience of the display device.

[0161] For example, when the above-mentioned head-up display is used in a traffic device, the third virtual image 300, the fourth virtual image 400, and the fifth virtual image 500 are perpendicular to the ground, and the end of the first virtual image 100 away from the ground is farther from the observation area 5 than the end of the first virtual image 100 close to the ground, so that each virtual image can be matched and merged with the corresponding real scene, which is more convenient for the driver to view images at different distances and match and merge images at different distances with real scenes at different distances, and the driver does not need to repeatedly switch between images at a fixed distance and real scenes at different distances, which avoids visual convergence accommodation conflicts and improves the experience of using the traffic device.

[0162] For example, the multiple virtual images generated by the display device and head-up display are not limited to the first virtual image 100, the third virtual image 300, the fourth virtual image 400 and the fifth virtual image 500, which are merely examples for interpreting aspects of the present disclosure, and may further include other inclined or vertical virtual images.

[0163] For example, the transportation device may be any suitable transportation vehicle, including land transportation devices such as various types of automobiles, or water transportation devices such as ships, for example, where the transportation device has a windshield at its driving position and an image is projected onto the windshield by an on-board display system.

[0164] For clarity, in the drawings illustrating the embodiments of the present disclosure, the thicknesses of layers or regions are exaggerated or reduced, that is, the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0165] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above using general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made based on the examples of the present disclosure. Therefore, all of these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present disclosure.

[0166] The following points need to be explained: (1) In the drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure, only the configurations related to the embodiments of the present disclosure are referred to, and other configurations may refer to the general design.

[0167] (2) Where there is no conflict, features in the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0168] The above are only exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display device, a first image source including a first display area; a refractive element configured to refract image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the first display area; a first reflecting element, the image light refracted by the refractive element being reflected by the first reflecting element and propagating to a viewing area to form a first virtual image; an optical distance between a light entrance surface of the refractive element and a light exit surface of the refractive element of at least some of the image light rays emitted from the at least some of the regions gradually decreases along a direction from a first end of the at least some of the regions to a second end of the at least some of the regions; the display device further includes a third image source and a transmissive element; the third image source includes a third display area, and a third angle between a display surface of the third display area and a display surface of the first display area is non-zero; the transmissive element is located on a side of the refractive element away from a first image source and is configured to transmit image light rays emitted from the first viewing area to the first reflective element and reflect image light rays emitted from the third viewing area, the image light rays emitted from the third viewing area being reflected by the transmissive element and then propagating to the first reflective element; A display device wherein the image light rays emitted from the third display area and propagated to the first reflective element form a fourth virtual image different from the first virtual image, and the first virtual image and the fourth virtual image at least partially overlap.

2. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first virtual image corresponding to the image light rays emitted from at least a portion of the region has a near end close to the observation area and a far end away from the observation area, the image light rays corresponding to the first end correspond to the near end, and the image light rays corresponding to the second end correspond to the far end, and the height of the far end of the first virtual image is higher than the height of the near end of the first virtual image.

3. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the refractive element along a main optical axis direction of the image light emitted from the at least some regions gradually decreases along a direction from a first end of the at least some regions to a second end of the at least some regions, and / or a refractive index of the refractive element along a main optical axis direction of the image light emitted from the at least some regions gradually decreases along a direction from the first end of the at least some regions to a second end of the at least some regions.

4. When a thickness of the refractive element along a main optical axis direction of an image ray emitted from the at least some region gradually decreases along a direction from a first end of the at least some region to a second end of the at least some region, the refractive indexes of the refractive element become equal, 4. The display device of claim 3, wherein when the refractive index gradually decreases along a direction from a first end of the at least some regions to a second end of the at least some regions, a thickness of the refractive element along a main optical axis direction of image light rays emitted from the at least some regions is equal.

5. 5. A display device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the surface of the refractive element facing away from the first image source comprises a flat or curved surface.

6. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein when a surface of the refractive element facing away from the first image source is planar, the surface of the refractive element facing away from the first image source and a display surface of the first display area form a first angle, the first angle being between 1° and 60°.

7. The refractive element is bonded to the at least a portion of the region, or The refractive element is spaced apart from the at least some region in a direction perpendicular to a display surface of the first display area, or 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the refractive element includes a portion bonded to the at least one region and a portion spaced apart from the at least one region.

8. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the refractive element is configured to refract image light rays emitted from the entire first display area.

9. the first display area includes a first sub-display area and a second sub-display area, and the at least part of the region is the first sub-display area; image light rays emitted from the second sub-display area are incident on the first reflecting element without being refracted by the refractive element, and the first reflecting element is further configured to reflect the image light rays emitted from the second sub-display area and incident on the first reflecting element to an observation area to form a second virtual image; The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an angle between the second virtual image and the ground is larger than an angle between the first virtual image and the ground, and the second virtual image and the first virtual image have a second angle that is not zero.

10. The display device according to claim 9 , wherein the display content of the second virtual image and the display content of the first virtual image are independent of each other or related to each other.

11. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the refractive element is an integrated structure or includes a plurality of sub-refractive elements stacked in a direction perpendicular to the display surface of the first display area.

12. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein a projection of the first virtual image onto a plane on which the fourth virtual image is located is within a range of the fourth virtual image, or a projection of the fourth virtual image onto a plane on which the first virtual image is located is within a range of the first virtual image.

13. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the center of the first virtual image, the center of the fourth virtual image, and the center of the eye box region are located on the same straight line.

14. A head-up display including a reflective imaging unit and the display device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, A head-up display, wherein the reflective imaging unit is configured to reflect image light rays that are reflected by the first reflective element and then propagate to the reflective imaging unit to the observation area, and to transmit ambient light.

15. A transportation device comprising the display device according to any one of claims 1 to 13 or the head-up display according to claim 14.

16. 16. The traffic device of claim 15, wherein when the traffic device includes the head-up display, the reflective imaging portion is a windshield or imaging window of the traffic device.

Images