Flare stack and system including flare stack

Abstract

A flare stack 10 is provided with: a main burner 11 to which ammonia is supplied; a pilot burner 12 to which ammonia is supplied; a first catalyst 13, which is disposed, in the flow of ammonia, upstream of the pilot burner 12 and decomposes the ammonia supplied to the pilot burner 12 to produce reformed fuel containing hydrogen; and a heater 14 for heating the first catalyst 13.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to a flare stack and a system including the same. This application claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-19568, filed February 10, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] Ammonia is used in a variety of systems. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a gas turbine that uses ammonia as fuel. Ammonia is known to have poor ignition properties. Therefore, the gas turbine of Patent Document 1 is equipped with a reformer that reforms ammonia into reformed fuel containing hydrogen to improve the stability of ammonia combustion at startup. The reformer includes a heater that heats the ammonia and a catalyst that decomposes the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen. The reformed fuel is supplied to the vicinity of the spark plug from a reformed fuel nozzle that is provided separately from the main fuel nozzle. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-127861 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Ammonia is sometimes stored in a tank in a liquid state. However, external heat can cause the ammonia in the tank to vaporize. To prevent excessive pressure buildup in the tank due to the vaporized ammonia, it is possible to return the ammonia to a liquid using, for example, a boil-off gas (BOG) compressor. However, in an emergency such as a power outage, the BOG compressor may not be available. In this case, it is possible to burn the ammonia in a flare stack. If the ammonia can be quickly burned in a flare stack, the vaporized ammonia can be quickly removed from the tank, thereby improving the safety of systems that use ammonia.

[0005] The present disclosure aims to provide a flare stack and a system including a flare stack that can quickly combust ammonia. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A flare stack according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: A flare stack applied to a facility that stores ammonia and / or a facility that uses ammonia, The system includes a main burner to which ammonia is supplied, a pilot burner to which ammonia is supplied, a first catalyst that is provided upstream of the pilot burner in the flow of ammonia and that decomposes the ammonia supplied to the pilot burner into a reformed fuel containing hydrogen, and a heater that heats the first catalyst.

[0007] A flare stack according to another aspect of the present disclosure includes: a main burner to which ammonia is supplied; a pilot burner to which ammonia is supplied; a first catalyst provided upstream of the pilot burner in a flow of ammonia and configured to decompose the ammonia supplied to the pilot burner into a reformed fuel containing hydrogen; and a heater configured to heat the first catalyst; The pilot burner is positioned so that the flame of the pilot burner heats the first catalyst. R .

[0008] The flare stack may include a sensor that measures a temperature of the first catalyst and a controller communicatively connected to the heater and the sensor, and the controller may be configured to turn off the heater when the temperature of the first catalyst received from the sensor is equal to or greater than a predetermined temperature.

[0009] The flare stack may be provided upstream of the main burner in the flow of ammonia and may include a second catalyst that decomposes the ammonia supplied to the main burner into a reformed fuel containing hydrogen.

[0010] The second catalyst may be disposed in a position where it is heated by radiation from the flame of the main burner.

[0011] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a system that uses ammonia, comprising the flare stack described above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] According to the present disclosure, ammonia can be burned quickly. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a system according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the flare stack according to the first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the flare stack according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing another operation of the flare stack according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a flare stack according to the second embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a flare stack according to the third embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specific dimensions, materials, numerical values, etc. shown in the embodiments are merely examples for ease of understanding and do not limit the present disclosure unless otherwise specified. In this specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same functions and configurations are designated by the same reference numerals to avoid redundant explanation, and elements not directly related to the present disclosure are not shown.

[0015] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a system 100 according to an embodiment. For example, the system 100 includes a tank 1, a pump 2, a boil-off gas (BOG) compressor 3, and a flare stack 10. The system 100 may further include other components, such as a water removal tank. Alternatively, the system 100 may not include one or more of the above components. The flare stack 10 also includes a control device 90.

[0016] The system 100 may use the ammonia stored in the tank 1 for various purposes. For example, the system 100 may include a boiler that burns ammonia and a steam turbine that is operated by steam generated in the boiler. Alternatively, for example, the system 100 may include a combustor that burns ammonia and a gas turbine that is operated by gas generated in the combustor. Alternatively, for example, the system 100 may be a plant that manufactures products using ammonia as a raw material. The system 100 is not limited to these and may include various facilities that use ammonia.

[0017] Tank 1 stores ammonia. Specifically, tank 1 stores liquid ammonia. Tank 1 is connected to pump 2 by piping P1. The liquid ammonia stored in tank 1 is supplied to pump 2 via piping P1. The liquid ammonia is pressurized by pump 2 and supplied to equipment (not shown) that uses ammonia. For example, ammonia may be supplied in a liquid state to the equipment that uses ammonia. Furthermore, system 100 may include a vaporizer, and ammonia may be supplied in a gaseous state to the equipment that uses ammonia.

[0018] The liquid ammonia in the tank 1 may be vaporized by external heat. The vaporized ammonia may increase the pressure inside the tank 1. Therefore, the system 100 includes a BOG compressor 3 and a flare stack 10 to suppress the increase in pressure inside the tank 1. Note that the tank 1 may be provided with a sensor (not shown) for measuring the pressure inside the tank 1.

[0019] The BOG compressor 3 is connected to the tank 1 by a pipe P2. Vaporized ammonia in the tank 1 is supplied to the BOG compressor 3 via the pipe P2. The BOG compressor 3 compresses the vaporized ammonia and returns it to liquid form. The liquid ammonia is returned from the BOG compressor 3 to the tank 1 via the pipe P3. With this configuration, an excessive pressure increase in the tank 1 can be prevented, and the amount of ammonia to be discarded can be reduced.

[0020] The flare stack 10 is connected to the tank 1 via a pipe P4. Vaporized ammonia in the tank 1 is supplied to the flare stack 10 via the pipe P4. The flare stack 10 combusts the vaporized ammonia and releases exhaust gas from which the ammonia has been removed or reduced to below the regulatory value. For example, the flare stack 10 may be used when the BOG compressor 3 cannot be used in an emergency such as a power outage. The flare stack 10 may also be used when the amount of vaporized ammonia is large and the BOG compressor 3 cannot adequately process the vaporized ammonia. The situations in which the flare stack 10 is used are not limited to these, and the flare stack 10 may also be used in other situations. The flare stack 10 will be described in more detail below.

[0021] The control device 90 controls the flare stack 10. The control device 90 may control all or part of the system 100. The control device 90 includes components such as a processor 90a, a storage device 90b, and a connector 90c, which are connected to one another via a bus. For example, the processor 90a includes a central processing unit (CPU). For example, the storage device 90b includes a hard disk, a ROM for storing programs, and a RAM as a work area. The control device 90 is connected to each component of the system 100 via the connector 90c so as to be able to communicate with them via wired or wireless communication. For example, the control device 90 may further include other components, such as a display device such as a liquid crystal display or a touch panel, and an input device such as a keyboard, buttons, or a touch panel. For example, the operation of the control device 90 described below may be realized by the processor 90a executing a program stored in the storage device 90b.

[0022] Next, the flare stack 10 will be described in detail.

[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a flare stack 10 according to a first embodiment. For better understanding, only a portion of the stack 10 is shown in FIG. 2. For example, the stack 10 includes multiple main burners 11, a pilot burner 12, a first catalyst 13, a heater 14, a sensor 15, and a radiation shield 16. The stack 10 may further include other components. Note that the radiation shield 16 may not be required depending on the shape of the stack 10.

[0024] Each of the main burners 11 and the pilot burner 12 burns vaporized ammonia supplied from the tank 1. Although three main burners 11 are shown in FIG. 2, the number of main burners 11 is not limited thereto and may be two or four or more. In other embodiments, the flare stack 10 may include a single main burner 11.

[0025] For example, the multiple main burners 11 are arranged in any pattern such as a circle or a matrix. For example, the pilot burner 12 is associated with a specific main burner 11 so as to ignite ammonia released from the specific main burner 11, i.e., the central main burner 11 in FIG. 2 .

[0026] For example, the main burner 11 is configured to operate when the BOG compressor 3 cannot be used in an emergency such as a power outage. Also, for example, the main burner 11 is configured to operate when the amount of vaporized ammonia is large and the BOG compressor 3 cannot sufficiently process the vaporized ammonia. In other words, the main burner 11 is configured not to operate during a first period when it is not necessary to burn ammonia with the main burner 11, but to operate only during a second period when it is necessary to burn ammonia with the main burner 11.

[0027] In contrast, the pilot burner 12 is configured to operate constantly throughout the first and second periods in order to always ensure a pilot flame for igniting the ammonia released from the main burner 11. For example, the amount of ammonia supplied to the pilot burner 12 is less than the amount of ammonia supplied to the main burner 11 in the second period. Note that, for example, the pilot burner 12 may include an ignition plug or the like (not shown) for initially igniting the ammonia supplied from the tank 1 to the pilot burner 12.

[0028] For example, the above-mentioned pipe P4 connecting the tank 1 and the flare stack 10 may be branched into a plurality of pipes P41 connected to the main burner 11 and a pipe P42 connected to the pilot burner 12. Ammonia is supplied to the main burner 11 from the tank 1 via the pipes P4 and P41. Ammonia is supplied to the pilot burner 12 from the tank 1 via the pipes P4 and P42. Note that in FIG. 1, the pipes P41 and P42 are connected to the tank 1 via the pipe P4, but in other embodiments, the pipes P41 and P42 may be connected directly to the tank 1 without via the pipe P4. The configuration of the pipes P41 and P42 is not limited to this, and other configurations may be used.

[0029] 1 , flare stack 10 includes a valve V1 in pipe P4 for controlling the flow rate of ammonia supplied from tank 1 to main burner 11 and pilot burner 12. Valve V1 may be communicatively connected to control device 90 via wire or wirelessly and may be controlled by control device 90.

[0030] For example, during a first period when it is not necessary to burn ammonia with the main burner 11, the control device 90 adjusts the valve V1 to a first opening degree necessary to ensure only the amount of ammonia supplied to the pilot burner 12. Furthermore, during a second period when it is necessary to burn ammonia with the main burner 11, the control device 90 adjusts the valve V1 to a second opening degree larger than the first opening degree.

[0031] 2, each of the pipes P41 may be provided with a valve V2 for controlling the flow rate of ammonia supplied from the tank 1 to the main burner 11. The valve V2 may be communicably connected to the control device 90 by wire or wirelessly and controlled by the control device 90.

[0032] For example, the control device 90 may close the valve V2 during the first period. In this case, the ammonia from the tank 1 is supplied only to the pilot burner 12. Furthermore, the control device 90 may open the valve V2 during the second period. In this case, the ammonia from the tank 1 is supplied to both the main burner 11 and the pilot burner 12. For example, the control device 90 may selectively open only the necessary valve V2 from among the multiple valves V2, depending on the amount of ammonia supplied from the tank 1.

[0033] For example, in another embodiment, an additional valve may be provided in the pipe P42. In yet another embodiment, the valve V1 may be provided in the pipe P42 instead of the pipe P4. In this case, the valve V1 adjusts only the flow rate of ammonia supplied to the pilot burner 12. In yet another embodiment, the valve V1 may not be provided.

[0034] The first catalyst 13 is provided in the pipe P42 upstream of the pilot burner 12 in the flow of ammonia. The first catalyst 13 decomposes the ammonia, which passes through the pipe P42 and is supplied to the pilot burner 12, into a reformed fuel containing hydrogen and nitrogen. The first catalyst 13 can be, for example, a catalyst that decomposes gaseous ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, and examples of the first catalyst include Ni / Al2O3 and Ru / Pr6O 11 For example, the first catalyst 13 may be supported on a carrier housed in a housing.

[0035] The pilot burner 12 is disposed in a position and attitude that allows the flame F of the pilot burner 12 to heat both the vicinity of the nozzle of the associated main burner 11 and the first catalyst 13. Specifically, the pipe P42 includes a curved section CS so that the nozzle of the pilot burner 12 is directed both toward the vicinity of the nozzle of the main burner 11 and toward the position where the first catalyst 13 is provided. The section CS may have any shape as long as the nozzle of the pilot burner 12 is directed both toward the vicinity of the nozzle of the main burner 11 and toward the position where the first catalyst 13 is provided.

[0036] The heater 14 heats the first catalyst 13 to at least a temperature at which the first catalyst 13 starts reforming. For example, the heater 14 may be operated by electricity. For example, the heater 14 may be attached to a housing that contains a support for the first catalyst 13. Alternatively or additionally, the heater 14 may supply power to the support for the first catalyst 13 to heat the first catalyst 13. The heater 14 may be communicably connected to the control device 90 via wire or wirelessly and may be controlled by the control device 90.

[0037] The sensor 15 measures the temperature of the first catalyst 13. The sensor 15 can be any of a variety of temperature sensors, such as a thermocouple. For example, the sensor 15 may be fixed to a support of the first catalyst 13. Alternatively or additionally, the sensor 15 may be attached to a housing that contains the support of the first catalyst 13. The sensor 15 may be communicatively connected to the control device 90 via wire or wirelessly, and may transmit measurement data to the control device 90.

[0038] Radiation shield 16 is a wall of stack 10 or is part of a wall. For example, radiation shield 16 has a generally cylindrical shape. Radiation shield 16 surrounds main burner 11 and pilot burner 12 so that the flames from main burner 11 and pilot burner 12 are not exposed to the outside of stack 10. Radiation shield 16 includes thermal insulation to prevent heat from the flames from leaking outside stack 10.

[0039] Next, the operation of the flare stack 10 will be described.

[0040] Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the flare stack 10 according to the first embodiment. Prior to the operation shown in Fig. 3, in the flare stack 10, ammonia is supplied to the pilot burner 12, and a flame F is formed by the pilot burner 12. Furthermore, for example, the operation shown in Fig. 3 may be constantly repeated at a predetermined cycle, or may be repeated at a predetermined cycle until the first catalyst 13 is heated to a temperature at which reforming starts.

[0041] The processor 90a of the control device 90 determines whether the first catalyst 13 is at or above a predetermined temperature (step S100). Specifically, the processor 90a determines whether the temperature received from the sensor 15 is at or above a temperature (e.g., 300°C to 600°C) at which the first catalyst 13 starts reforming.

[0042] In step S100, if the first catalyst 13 is at or above the predetermined temperature (YES), the processor 90a turns off the heater 14 (step S102) and ends the operation. If the heater 14 is already off, the processor 90a maintains that state.

[0043] In step S100, if the first catalyst 13 is not at or above the predetermined temperature (NO), the processor 90a turns on the heater 14 (step S104) and ends the operation. If the heater 14 is already on, the processor 90a maintains that state.

[0044] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing another operation of the flare stack 10 according to the first embodiment. Prior to the operation shown in FIG. 4, ammonia is supplied to the pilot burner 12 in the flare stack 10, and a flame F is formed by the pilot burner 12. Prior to the operation shown in FIG. 4, there is no emergency situation, i.e., it is not necessary to burn ammonia with the main burner 11, and ammonia is not supplied to the main burner 11 (first period). For example, the operation shown in FIG. 4 may be repeatedly performed at a predetermined interval. During the operation shown in FIG. 4, the operation shown in FIG. 3 may be performed in parallel.

[0045] The processor 90a of the control device 90 determines whether or not it is necessary to burn ammonia with the main burner 11 (step S200). Specifically, for example, the processor 90a determines whether or not an emergency situation has occurred, such as a power outage, a failure of the BOG compressor 3, or an inability of the BOG compressor 3 to sufficiently process vaporized ammonia.

[0046] In step S200, if it is determined that there is no need to burn ammonia in the main burner 11 (NO), the processor 90a ends the operation.

[0047] In step S200, when it is determined that ammonia needs to be combusted in the main burner 11 (YES, i.e., the second period), the processor 90a starts supplying ammonia to the main burner 11 (step S202). Specifically, the processor 90a switches the valve V1 from a first opening necessary to ensure only the amount of ammonia supplied to the pilot burner 12 to a second opening greater than the first opening. The processor 90a also opens the valve V2 of the main burner 11 associated with the pilot burner 12. This supplies ammonia to the main burner 11. The ammonia supplied to the main burner 11 is quickly ignited and combusted by the flame F of the pilot burner 12. Note that the valves V2 of the other main burners 11 may also be opened depending on the amount of ammonia supplied from the tank 1. The ammonia supplied to the other main burners 11 is also ignited by the propagating flame.

[0048] Subsequently, the processor 90a determines again whether or not it is necessary to combust ammonia with the main burner 11 (step S204). Specifically, for example, the processor 90a determines whether or not the emergency situation continues.

[0049] In step S204, if it is determined that ammonia needs to be combusted by the main burner 11 (YES), the processor 90a repeats step S204 until the emergency situation is over.

[0050] If it is determined in step S204 that there is no need to burn ammonia in the main burner 11 (NO), the processor 90a stops the supply of ammonia to the main burner 11 (step S208) and terminates the operation. This causes the flame of the main burner 11 to go out. In contrast, the flame F of the pilot burner 12 continues to be maintained.

[0051] The flare stack 10 and the system 100 including the flare stack 10 described above include a main burner 11 to which ammonia is supplied, a pilot burner 12 to which ammonia is supplied, a first catalyst 13 disposed upstream of the pilot burner 12 in the ammonia flow and decomposing the ammonia supplied to the pilot burner 12 into reformed fuel containing hydrogen, and a heater 14 for heating the first catalyst 13. According to this configuration, the ammonia supplied to the pilot burner 12 is decomposed into reformed fuel by heating the first catalyst 13 to a temperature at which reforming begins using the heater 14. The reformed fuel containing hydrogen ignites more quickly than ammonia. Therefore, the ammonia supplied to the pilot burner 12 can be burned quickly. Furthermore, by using the flame F of the pilot burner 12 as a pilot flame, the ammonia supplied to the main burner 11 can also be burned quickly. Therefore, the ammonia can be burned quickly.

[0052] Furthermore, in flare stack 10, pilot burner 12 is positioned so that flame F of pilot burner 12 heats first catalyst 13. With this configuration, pilot burner 12 can heat first catalyst 13 with its own flame F, thereby reducing the energy used by heater 14.

[0053] The flare stack 10 also includes a sensor 15 that measures the temperature of the first catalyst 13 and a control device 90 that is communicatively connected to the heater 14 and the sensor 15. The control device 90 is configured to turn off the heater 14 when the temperature of the first catalyst 13 received from the sensor 15 is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature. Even if the heater 14 is turned off, if the temperature of the first catalyst 13 is equal to or higher than the reforming start temperature, the ammonia supplied to the pilot burner 12 continues to be reformed by the first catalyst 13. Therefore, the first catalyst 13 also continues to be heated by the flame F of the pilot burner 12. Therefore, with the above configuration, the energy used by the heater 14 can be further reduced. Furthermore, with the above configuration, the pilot burner 12 continues to operate without being heated by the heater 14, allowing the flare stack 10 to operate even in the event of a power outage, for example.

[0054] Next, a flare stack according to another embodiment will be described.

[0055] 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a flare stack 10A according to a second embodiment. The flare stack 10A differs from the flare stack 10 according to the first embodiment in that it further includes a second catalyst 17. In other respects, the flare stack 10A may be the same as the flare stack 10.

[0056] The second catalyst 17 is provided in each pipe P41 upstream of the main burner 11 in the flow of ammonia. The second catalyst 17 decomposes the ammonia, which passes through the pipe P41 and is supplied to the main burner 11, into a reformed fuel containing hydrogen and nitrogen. The second catalyst 17 can be, for example, a catalyst that decomposes gaseous ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, and examples of the second catalyst 17 include Ni / Al2O3 and Ru / Pr6O 11 For example, the second catalyst 17 may be supported on a carrier housed in a housing.

[0057] The second catalyst 17 is disposed at a position where it is heated by radiation from the flame of the main burner 11. Specifically, for example, when the main burner 11 is operating, the inside of the radiation shield 16 is maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which the second catalyst 17 starts reforming. Therefore, the second catalyst 17 can be provided at a position inside the radiation shield 16 in each pipe P41. Note that a heater and a sensor do not need to be provided for the second catalyst 17.

[0058] The flare stack 10A described above has the same effects as the flare stack 10 according to the first embodiment. The flare stack 10A also includes a second catalyst 17, which is located upstream of the main burner 11 in the ammonia flow and decomposes the ammonia supplied to the main burner 11 into reformed fuel containing hydrogen. This configuration allows the ammonia supplied to the main burner 11 to be decomposed into reformed fuel containing hydrogen. This improves combustion stability.

[0059] In addition, in the flare stack 10A, the second catalyst 17 is disposed in a position where it is heated by radiation from the flame of the main burner 11. With this configuration, after the main burner 11 starts operating, the second catalyst 17 is heated by radiation from the flame of the main burner 11 without a heater. Therefore, a heater for heating the second catalyst 17 to a temperature at which reforming starts can be omitted.

[0060] 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flare stack 10B according to a third embodiment. The flare stack 10B differs from the flare stack 10 according to the first embodiment in that the pilot burner 12 includes two nozzles. Accordingly, the positions of the first catalyst 13, heater 14, and sensor 15 are changed. The flare stack 10B may be the same as the flare stack 10 in other respects.

[0061] The pilot burner 12 includes a first nozzle 12a and a second nozzle 12b. Therefore, the pilot burner 12 generates two flames Fa and Fb. The first nozzle 12a is disposed in a position and orientation that allows the flame Fa of the first nozzle 12a to heat the vicinity of the nozzle of the associated main burner 11. The second nozzle 12b is disposed in a position and orientation that allows the flame Fb of the second nozzle 12b to heat the first catalyst 13.

[0062] The flare stack 10B described above has the same effects as the flare stack 10 according to the first embodiment. Furthermore, in the flare stack 10B, the pilot burner 12 includes a plurality of nozzles, including a first nozzle 12a arranged so that the flame Fa of the first nozzle 12a heats the vicinity of the nozzle of the main burner 11, and a second nozzle 12b arranged so that the flame Fb of the second nozzle 12b heats the first catalyst 13. This configuration allows the shape of the piping 42 to be simplified.

[0063] Although the embodiments have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It is clear that a person skilled in the art can conceive of various modifications or alterations within the scope of the claims, and it is understood that such modifications also fall within the technical scope of the present disclosure.

[0064] The present disclosure can improve the safety of ammonia use, leading to reduced CO2 emissions, and therefore contribute to, for example, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy." [Explanation of symbols]

[0065] 10 Flare Stacks 10A flare stack 10B Flare Stack 11 Main Burner 12 Pilot burner 13 First catalyst 14 Heater 15 sensors 17 Second catalyst 90 Control device 100 systems F flame Fa Flame Fb flame

Claims

1. A flare stack applied to a facility that stores ammonia and / or a facility that uses ammonia, a main burner supplied with ammonia; a pilot burner to which ammonia is supplied; a first catalyst provided upstream of the pilot burner in the flow of ammonia, the first catalyst decomposing the ammonia supplied to the pilot burner into a reformed fuel containing hydrogen; a heater that heats the first catalyst; A flare stack equipped with:

2. A main burner to which ammonia is supplied; a pilot burner to which ammonia is supplied; a first catalyst provided upstream of the pilot burner in the flow of ammonia, the first catalyst decomposing the ammonia supplied to the pilot burner into a reformed fuel containing hydrogen; a heater that heats the first catalyst; Equipped with the pilot burner is positioned such that a flame of the pilot burner heats the first catalyst.

3. a sensor for measuring the temperature of the first catalyst; a control device communicatively connected to the heater and the sensor; Equipped with 3. The flare stack of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to turn off the heater when the temperature of the first catalyst received from the sensor is equal to or greater than a predetermined temperature.

4. 4. The flare stack according to claim 1, further comprising a second catalyst disposed upstream of the main burner in the flow of ammonia, the second catalyst decomposing the ammonia supplied to the main burner into a reformed fuel containing hydrogen.

5. 5. The flare stack of claim 4, wherein the second catalyst is disposed in a position where it is heated by radiation from the flame of the main burner.

6. A system using ammonia, comprising the flare stack according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

7. A system using ammonia, comprising the flare stack of claim 4.

8. A system using ammonia, comprising the flare stack of claim 5.

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