Remote Sensing Devices

Abstract

Remote sensing systems and devices are provided for monitoring conditions within infrastructure networks. In particular, the systems and devices are configured to monitor civil water infrastructure components, such as sewers, stormwater infrastructure, freshwater infrastructure, manholes, capture pits, sewers, or outlets. The devices include an antenna unit having an elongated, hollow shaft depending from the antenna unit, and a monitoring unit for housing electrical components, including sensors for detecting parameters. The monitoring unit is removably attached to the antenna unit via the shaft and connected to the monitored infrastructure component, e.g., a manhole cover or lid. The antenna unit and monitoring unit are separate, distinct, waterproof structures, and the elongated, hollow connecting shaft provides a passageway between the antenna unit and the monitoring unit while providing an essentially rigid connection.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a remote sensing device for monitoring conditions within water infrastructure such as manholes, sewers, storm capture pits, rain gardens, water troughs, gross pollutant traps, waste tanks, etc. More particularly, one preferred configuration relates to a remote sensing device for a smart manhole cover that includes one or more sensors integrated with the manhole cover. [Background technology]

[0002] A manhole cover is a removable lid that covers the opening of a manhole. Removing the manhole cover can provide access to the inside of the manhole, which may be necessary for maintenance and servicing of underground infrastructure and facilities.

[0003] It can be useful to monitor parameters associated with a manhole, such as water level, gas presence, gas concentration, temperature, etc. Traditionally, a worker would need to remove the manhole cover and enter the manhole to perform the required monitoring or measurements.

[0004] However, manhole covers are typically made from heavy, solid materials such as concrete or cast metal. Therefore, removing the manhole cover to inspect the manhole can be difficult and may result in injury to workers. Furthermore, entering the manhole can be dangerous due to exposure to toxic substances (e.g., H2S gas), or entering the manhole can pose a fall hazard.

[0005] Therefore, it may be desirable to obtain information associated with a manhole, manhole cover, or other water infrastructure remotely, i.e., without going to the manhole or other monitoring location, removing the manhole cover, and accessing the manhole, as needed. It may also be desirable to provide a robust and durable smart manhole cover suitable for use in harsh and wet environments.

[0006] Where references are made herein to external sources of information, including patents and other documents, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for explaining features of the present invention. Unless otherwise stated, reference to such sources should not be construed as an admission that such sources are prior art in any jurisdiction or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.

[0007] For purposes of this specification, when method steps are listed in a sequence, the sequence does not necessarily imply that the steps are chronologically ordered in that sequence, unless there is another logical way to interpret the sequence.

[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide a remote sensing device that overcomes or at least partially ameliorates some of the above-mentioned drawbacks, or at least provides the public with a useful choice.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a smart manhole cover that overcomes or at least partially ameliorates some of the above-mentioned drawbacks, or at least provides the public with a useful choice. Summary of the Invention

[0010] According to a first aspect, the present invention broadly comprises a remote sensing device for monitoring conditions in an infrastructure network, the remote sensing device comprising: an antenna unit having an elongated hollow shaft depending therefrom; a monitoring unit for housing electrical components including sensors for detecting parameters, the monitoring unit being removably attached to the antenna unit via a shaft; The antenna unit and the monitoring unit are separate, waterproof structures. The elongated hollow connecting shaft provides an essentially rigid connection to the infrastructure component being monitored.

[0011] According to another aspect, the hollow connecting shaft is provided with an external thread for providing an essentially rigid connection.

[0012] According to another aspect, one of the fixing elements is a nut associated with a threaded hollow connecting shaft, the nut having a large engagement surface for engaging against the infrastructure component to form an essentially rigid connection.

[0013] According to another aspect, the nut indirectly engages the component and the device includes one or more washers or gaskets.

[0014] According to another aspect, the hollow connecting shaft is directly connected to the infrastructure component to form an essentially rigid connection.

[0015] According to another aspect, the external threads of the hollow connecting shaft directly engage the infrastructure component.

[0016] According to another aspect, the hollow connecting shaft is welded to the infrastructure component.

[0017] According to another aspect, the hollow connecting shaft receives a cable connection.

[0018] According to another aspect, a mechanical connection is established between the antenna unit and the monitoring unit while an electrical connection is simultaneously made between the units in a single operation.

[0019] According to another aspect, the electrical connection is a push-type electrical connector incorporated into a hollow elongated shaft.

[0020] According to another aspect, the monitoring unit comprises a hub for attachment to the elongate shaft, the hub including an opening for receiving the hollow connecting shaft so that the hollow connecting shaft passes therethrough to form the connection.

[0021] According to another aspect, the monitoring unit is located in the area between the upper and lower ends of the hollow connecting shaft.

[0022] According to another aspect, the electrical components are disposed within a cavity in the monitoring unit and are spaced radially around the hub.

[0023] According to another aspect, the monitoring unit includes one or more drain ports located on the hub to allow water to pass through the monitoring unit without entering the cavity housing the electrical components.

[0024] According to another aspect, in plan view, the monitoring unit has an overall housing outline: a) donuts, b) ring, c) partial rings; d) horseshoe-shaped.

[0025] According to another aspect, the sensor comprises: a) water level sensor, b) non-contact flow sensor; c) gas sensors; d) a temperature sensor; e) moisture sensor; f) tamper sensors; g) a vibration sensor, or h) an optical sensor.

[0026] According to another aspect, the sensor is a radar sensor comprising a lens.

[0027] According to another aspect, the lens is integrated into the housing of the monitoring unit.

[0028] According to another aspect, the monitoring unit includes a water exclusion region in the focal area of ​​the lens.

[0029] According to another aspect, the water exclusion region is a slope on the surface of the monitoring unit housing for draining water downwardly away from the focal area.

[0030] According to another aspect, the electrical components housed in the monitoring unit include: a) a controller; b) a wireless communication module; c) a power source.

[0031] According to another embodiment, all electrical components are housed within one monitoring unit.

[0032] According to another aspect, the antenna unit comprises a flat base for engaging a flat surface of an infrastructure component.

[0033] According to another aspect, the antenna unit has a traversable shape, such as a dome shape.

[0034] According to another aspect, the monitoring unit comprises an upper housing portion and a lower housing portion, the upper housing portion comprising a downwardly facing shell profile and the lower housing portion comprising a substantially flat lid profile.

[0035] According to another aspect, a single gasket is provided between the upper and lower housing portions to seal the mating surfaces between the housing portions.

[0036] According to another aspect, the invention broadly includes a smart manhole cover, the smart manhole cover comprising: The manhole cover body, a remote sensing device as described in the previous clause; The remote sensing device is connected to the manhole cover body such that the antenna unit is located on the upper surface of the manhole cover body and the monitoring unit is located on the lower surface of the manhole cover body.

[0037] According to another aspect, the elongated shaft passes through a through-hole in the manhole cover body for connection between the antenna unit and the monitoring unit.

[0038] According to another aspect, the hollow connecting shaft extends along a longitudinal connecting axis that passes through the through hole.

[0039] According to another aspect, the manhole cover body includes a cavity on the underside of the cover for receiving the monitoring unit, and the monitoring unit has a height less than the height of the cavity so that the monitoring unit does not protrude below the bottom surface of the manhole cover body.

[0040] According to another aspect, the connection is of the connection type: a) fasteners, b) screws, c) Snap-on, d) Twist fit, e) Bayonet mount.

[0041] According to another aspect, the connection includes a dual fastener stack including a primary fastener for initially connecting the antenna unit to the manhole cover body and a secondary fastener for connecting the monitoring unit.

[0042] According to another aspect, the invention broadly includes a method for sensing a parameter, the method comprising: Providing a remote sensing device according to any of the preceding clauses; monitoring the parameters; and wirelessly communicating data from the remote sensing device to a remote receiver.

[0043] According to another aspect, the method further includes passing the hollow connecting shaft through an opening in the monitoring unit and securing the monitoring unit with a hub fastener tightened against a surface of the monitoring unit.

[0044] According to another aspect, the parameter is associated with the manhole and the remote sensing device is connected to the manhole cover body to form a smart manhole cover.

[0045] According to another aspect, a hollow connecting shaft connects the antenna units and the monitoring units on both sides of the manhole cover body.

[0046] According to another aspect, the method further includes securing the antenna unit to the manhole cover body before securing the monitoring unit.

[0047] According to another aspect, the method further includes positioning the monitoring unit on the hollow connecting shaft on the underside of the manhole cover body and securing the monitoring unit toward and / or against the bottom surface of the cover.

[0048] According to another aspect, the monitoring unit is clamped between the manhole cover body and the nut.

[0049] According to another aspect, the method further includes rotating one or both of the antenna unit and the monitor unit to their operating positions before securing the units in place.

[0050] According to another aspect, the antenna unit is secured to the manhole cover body before the monitoring unit is secured to the manhole cover body.

[0051] According to another aspect, the remote sensing device is retrofitted to an existing manhole cover body.

[0052] According to another aspect, the remote sensing device is connected to the manhole cover body during manufacture.

[0053] According to another aspect, the remote sensing device comprises: a) Sewerage; b) Storm capture pits; c) Rain gardens, d) water trough, e) large pollutant traps; f) a waste tank. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0054] The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings in which: [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a top perspective view of a remote sensing device. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 shows a bottom perspective view of a remote sensing device. [Figure 3] 1 shows an exploded view of a remote sensing device. [Figure 4] 1 shows a side view of a remote sensing device. [Figure 5] 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the remote sensing device along line AA in FIG. 2. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the antenna unit and the hollow connecting shaft. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a monitoring unit. [Figure 8] 1 shows an exploded view of the monitoring unit. [Figure 9] 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the remote sensing device along line BB in FIG. 2. [Figure 10] A top perspective view of a smart manhole cover is shown. [Figure 11] A side view of a smart manhole cover is shown. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a smart manhole cover having multiple modular units. [Figure 13] 1 shows a simplified diagram of the components of a remote sensing device. [Figure 14] 10 illustrates another smart manhole cover embodiment with a bayonet connection. [Figure 15]10 illustrates another smart manhole cover embodiment with quick connect coaxial connections. [Figure 16] 1 shows remote sensing devices installed in different applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0055] The present invention is a remote sensing device 100 for monitoring conditions within a water infrastructure network, as shown in Figures 1-16. In a preferred configuration, the remote sensing device 100 is for use as a manhole cover for covering a manhole opening. The remote sensing device 100 is configured to monitor manholes or other water infrastructure (e.g., sewers, storm capture pits, rain gardens, water troughs, macropollutant traps, waste tanks, etc.) suitable with no or minor modifications to the described invention, and to wirelessly communicate data to a remote receiver.

[0056] Generally, water infrastructure such as manholes are harsh and wet environments. The remote sensing device 100 has sensitive components to achieve certain performance requirements (e.g., good signal transmission, sensors that can obtain good readings). Preferably, the present invention can provide a simple, repeatable, and robust method for attaching these sensitive components to a manhole cover while also protecting the components against the harsh and wet environment in which they are installed.

[0057] Manhole covers are often placed on the ground and / or dragged across the ground during installation. As a result, any components protruding from the underside of the manhole can be easily damaged. Therefore, it may be desirable to provide a low-profile device that protects the components on the underside of the device. Specific components, structures, and arrangements within the device are described below to provide desired performance capabilities while also providing a durable and robust device.

[0058] Additionally, water infrastructure / manhole covers can have a variety of geometries (e.g., various cavity and / or rib configurations on the underside of the manhole cover) or be formed from a variety of materials (e.g., cast iron, metal, composite, plastic, concrete, etc.). Repeatable and flexible installation on different structures may be desirable so that the device can be installed on a wide range of different cover geometries. By installing the remote sensing device 100 on conventional infrastructure, the structure can be quickly converted into a "smart" infrastructure with monitoring and communication capabilities. The remote sensing device 100 of the present invention provides a structure that can be easily installed on a variety of water infrastructure / manhole covers with various geometries with no or limited modifications to the cover. The remote sensing device 100 can also be easily removed to replace, upgrade, and / or maintain components as needed.

[0059] The general structure of various configurations of remote sensing device 100 and methods of sensing parameters using the devices shown in the figures will now be described.

[0060] It will be understood that these figures illustrate general construction principles and that the invention is not limited to the precise mechanical configurations shown.

[0061] Device Components 1, there is a remote sensing device 100. The remote sensing device 100 comprises an antenna unit 20 and a monitoring unit 50 removably attached to the antenna unit to house electrical components.

[0062] Preferably, the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 are separate, waterproof structures that allow the structures to be separated and easily installed on the infrastructure they are monitoring.

[0063] The antenna unit 20 is a structure that carries an antenna (i.e., the antenna is embedded in the antenna unit 20 structure), which is configured to transmit or receive signals to a remote receiver outside the manhole / from the infrastructure being monitored.

[0064] Preferably, the antenna unit 20 has a flat profile with a relatively large surface area to improve the signal.

[0065] Preferably, the antenna unit 20 is located in the area above and / or outside the manhole / infrastructure being monitored (i.e., above the manhole cover) to improve signal transmission.

[0066] In a preferred configuration, the antenna wire is molded into or otherwise embedded in the antenna unit 20 (eg, an antenna patch is embedded in the antenna unit).

[0067] Because the antenna unit 20 is exposed on the top surface of the manhole cover, it is subject to impacts from passing traffic and may be exposed to harsh, wet conditions. In some configurations, the antenna patch is embedded in a solid or substantially solid housing (potting to create a solid or mostly solid unit). A solid, robust antenna unit 20 structure can reduce potential leak paths that could damage the internal antenna and / or reduce performance issues or damage due to impact / vibration from vehicles passing over the manhole cover.

[0068] In a preferred configuration, the antenna unit 20 is a waterproof structure separate from the monitoring unit 50 to house and protect the antenna (i.e., the antenna unit 20 is waterproof even when not connected to the monitoring unit 50). The unit is preferably waterproof to protect against the harsh environments in which it may be placed (e.g., where liquids and / or dangerous gases may be present). A waterproof housing may be understood to be a protective housing to limit or prevent the ingress of gases / liquids into the internal cavity of the unit that houses the antenna / electrical components.

[0069] In a preferred configuration, the materials and / or components incorporated into remote sensing device 100 are rated for potentially explosive environments. For example, the materials and / or components are adapted to prevent or minimize the possibility of fire or explosion hazards when in contact with potentially flammable or combustible gases, vapors, etc. The housing and construction of the device are preferably suitably gas-tight to reduce the potential ingress of hazardous gases.

[0070] The monitoring unit 50 houses electrical components such as one or more sensors 30, a controller 32, a wireless communication module 31 (i.e., driving the transmission and reception protocol via an antenna), and / or a power source 33 (e.g., a battery).

[0071] In a preferred configuration, the monitoring unit 50 is a waterproof structure separate from the antenna 20 to house and protect the electrical components (i.e., the monitoring unit 50 is waterproof even when not connected to the antenna unit 20).

[0072] It should be appreciated that by housing the electrical components within monitoring unit 50, wires or protrusions outside the housing are eliminated or at least reduced. As a result, monitoring unit 50 can provide protection for the components it houses in the harsh environment of a manhole and / or during transportation, installation, and removal of the manhole cover.

[0073] 10 and 11, a remote sensing device 100 is installed / connected to a manhole cover body 10 to form a smart manhole cover 1. By simply connecting the remote sensing device 100, a conventional manhole cover can be converted into a smart manhole cover 1 with monitoring and wireless communication capabilities.

[0074] The smart manhole cover 1 comprises a manhole cover body 10 that covers the opening of a manhole. In some configurations, the cover body 10 is an existing manhole cover, and the remote sensing device 100 for monitoring and / or communicating information from the manhole can be simply and easily retrofitted to the existing manhole cover body. In other configurations, components are connected to the cover body 10 during the manufacture of the smart manhole cover 1.

[0075] Preferably, the remote sensing device 100 is rigidly connected to the manhole cover, and when the device is installed in / within the manhole cover, the device becomes part of the manhole cover.

[0076] Preferably, the remote sensing device 100 is integrated with the manhole cover body 10. When the device is integrated with the cover body 10, it should be understood as being connected to the cover such that it becomes part of the cover and moves with the cover (e.g., when the cover is removed or placed on the manhole). Preferably, being integrated with the cover body can be understood to mean that the device is located on the manhole cover and / or is fixed to the manhole cover, so that it remains on the manhole cover during impacts and movements of the cover (e.g., being dragged into place). The remote sensing device 100 can be integrated / connected to the cover body 10 by direct or indirect coupling.

[0077] It should be understood that in these preferred configurations in which the device is integrated with the manhole cover, the components for monitoring and communicating information to / from the manhole are on / in the cover. Thus, workers do not need to enter the manhole to take measurements or enter the manhole to install sensors within the manhole (improving installation safety). The smart manhole cover 1 can be easily manufactured and installed in place at the manhole site. Alternatively, the smart manhole cover 1 can be easily formed at the roadside by connecting the remote sensing device 100 to an existing manhole cover with no or minor modifications to the cover (e.g., forming through-holes 15) to form the smart manhole cover.

[0078] Additionally, installation / connection of components to manhole covers or other infrastructure is simplified because the unit is connected to the cover as a whole rather than as individual components. By simplifying the installation process of components to manhole covers, the time and cost of forming smart manhole covers is reduced, whether by retrofitting components to existing manhole covers or by manufacturing smart manhole covers. Also, by simplifying the installation process, the skill level / expertise required to install remote sensing devices in the field (e.g., when retrofitting to existing covers) or during manufacturing is reduced.

[0079] In other configurations, the remote sensing device 100 is secured to various infrastructure, such as a capture pit as shown in Figure 16, using any suitable method. The device 100 is secured to the capture pit grid to monitor a parameter, for example, the water level below the capture pit.

[0080] In another configuration, remote sensing device 100 is incorporated into a smart rain garden system (as shown in FIG. 16) to measure parameters such as moisture within various media levels within the rain garden. Device 100 can be secured to a structure such as a pipe inserted into the rain garden media.

[0081] In another configuration, the remote sensing device 100 is incorporated into a smart trough system (as shown in FIG. 16) to measure the water level in a water trough. The device 100 can be fixed to a structure such as a pipe or post that is located above the water level in the trough.

[0082] In a further configuration, the remote sensing device 100 is incorporated into a tank (e.g., a waste tank) (as shown in FIG. 16) to measure the water level therein. The device 100 can be secured to a structure such as the cover or top of the tank.

[0083] In some configurations, all electrical components (e.g., sensor 30, controller 32, wireless communication module 31, and power supply 33) are housed within one monitoring unit 50. In other configurations, more than one monitoring unit 50 houses the electrical components.

[0084] The antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 each provide a waterproof housing for the antenna or other electrical components. The units 20, 50 are waterproof such that the housing / structure protects the internal components from water damage. Preferably, each structure / unit 20, 50 is hermetically sealed and / or includes sealing features (e.g., gaskets) to eliminate or at least reduce potential leak paths to the internal components.

[0085] It should be appreciated that separate structures for the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 can provide advantages because they can be easily installed on a variety of manhole covers (e.g., with a variety of cavity and rib configurations on the underside of the cover).

[0086] Furthermore, the antenna unit 20 and monitoring unit 50 can be installed on either side of the manhole cover 10 and can be removed for individual maintenance or replacement as needed. For example, the antenna unit 20 can be replaced to accommodate different wireless transmission technologies and / or frequencies depending on the type of wireless communication technology used. Monitoring units 50 with different functions can be provided in the water infrastructure as needed.

[0087] Additionally, the antenna unit 20 can be located on the top surface 11 of the manhole cover to transmit or receive a good signal outside the manhole (signal propagation is improved because the antenna is located at the top of the manhole cover). The monitoring unit 50 can be located on the underside 13 of the manhole cover so that the sensors 30 are located within the manhole or at least towards the inside of the manhole to detect parameters or conditions within the manhole, and the electrical components are protected from the elements above ground.

[0088] Preferably, the antenna unit 20 is located at or towards the top surface 11 of the cover body 10 (for signal transmission).

[0089] In one configuration, the antenna unit 20 is located in a recess 14 in the top surface of the cover body, as shown in Figure 11. In these configurations, the top surface of the antenna unit 20 is flush with or below the top surface 11 of the cover body 10. Preferably, the recess 14 is suitable for passage over the manhole cover. For example, the depth of the recess 14 is preferably 13 mm or less.

[0090] In other configurations, the antenna unit 20 is located on the top surface 11 of the cover body 10 without the recess 14. In these configurations, the antenna unit 20 is sufficiently thin so that it does not protrude too much above the manhole cover 10, as shown in FIG.

[0091] The antenna unit 20 includes a flat base 22 for receiving the antenna. In some configurations, the antenna unit 20 has a shape that allows for traffic (to allow pedestrians and vehicles to pass over it without damaging it), such as a dome shape as best shown in FIG. 6. Preferably, the top perimeter of the antenna tapers downward (e.g., toward the bottom of the manhole cover as best shown in FIG. 11).

[0092] It should be appreciated that the concave or low profile of the antenna unit 20 can provide advantages such as reducing the risk of the device being a hazard to pedestrians or vehicles passing over the smart manhole cover, and can also minimize damage to components of the smart manhole cover due to potential shear forces or vibrations passing over the device.

[0093] Small cover In a preferred configuration, the components of the smart manhole cover 1 are arranged to form a compact / low profile cover, preferably minimizing or eliminating any protrusion above and below the manhole cover (i.e., minimal protrusion above or below the top surface 11 and bottom surface 12 of the cover body 10).

[0094] A typical manhole cover has limited space below the cover (due to limited cavity height 16 and obstructions, e.g., ribs 17). The particular construction and arrangement of the inventive structure makes efficient use of the limited space so that the device is small / thin and rigidly secured to the cover while providing the desired monitoring / communication performance requirements.

[0095] In a configuration in which the protrusion of the remote sensing device 100 above the plane of the upper surface 11 of the cover body 10 is minimized, the manhole cover can provide the advantage of reducing hazards to vehicles and / or pedestrians above the cover and the potential for damage to the antenna.

[0096] The manhole cover body 10 is provided with a cavity 16 on the underside 13 of the cover for receiving the monitoring unit 50, as shown in FIG.

[0097] In a configuration in which protrusion of the remote sensing device 100 below the plane of the bottom surface 12 of the cover body 10 is minimized or eliminated, an operator can move, drag, or place the manhole cover 1 on the ground without damaging the components / units 50 on the underside 13 of the cover body 10. The bottom surface 12 of the cover body 10 (e.g., ribs 17) contacts the ground, rather than the components of the manhole cover 1. This can improve the lifespan of the components connected to the manhole cover and minimize costs associated with maintaining and replacing the components.

[0098] Preferably, the monitoring unit 50 has a height less than the height of the manhole cover body 10 / cavity 16 so that the remote sensing device 100 does not protrude below the bottom surface 12 of the cover body 12 .

[0099] In other configurations, the lowest region of the smart manhole cover 1 is a support element (e.g., a shaft / nut extending from the antenna unit 20) extending from the remote sensing device 10 so that it contacts the ground. In these configurations, the manhole cover rests on the edges of the cover and the extending support element so that the monitoring unit housing 51 does not contact the ground and damage to the components can be minimized.

[0100] To achieve a low profile cover, certain components are provided within the remote sensing device 100 and are arranged and connected to the manhole cover 10 in a particular configuration as will be described in more detail below.

[0101] Main Connections In a preferred configuration, the remote sensing device 100 includes a connection 21 configured to provide a rigid, stable, and strong connection for securing / attaching the device to the manhole cover body 10 or infrastructure (so that the device becomes part of the manhole cover or other structure). It should be appreciated that a strong connection can improve the life and / or performance of the components of the remote sensing device 100. By providing a strong and rigid connection between the antenna and monitoring unit 20, 50 and the manhole cover 10, loosening / movement (or other damage) of components from their operating position due to vibration / shear forces from vehicles and pedestrians passing over the manhole cover can be minimized. Given the potential high forces of the remote sensing device 100 (especially from heavy vehicles, including airplanes) and frequency of traffic (high instantaneous and / or cyclic loads from heavy traffic can loosen or destroy components / housings), a robust and reliable connection is desirable.

[0102] In a preferred configuration, connection of device 100 is simple and requires no or limited modification to conventional manhole covers.

[0103] Preferably, the remote sensing device 100 is simply connected to the manhole cover body by inserting the hollow, elongated shaft 23 depending from the antenna unit 20 into the manhole cover's through-hole 15 and securing the antenna unit to the cover body (e.g., using oversized fasteners or other securing techniques described below).

[0104] Preferably, the hollow elongated shaft 23 provides an essentially rigid connection to the infrastructure component being monitored (e.g., connected to the manhole cover lid). The connection is essentially rigid so that the device is sufficiently connected to the monitored infrastructure network component / structure to operate for the desired period of time. When installed through the manhole cover, the elongated shaft 23 provides a mounting structure on the underside 13 of the manhole cover for receiving and supporting the monitoring unit 50 and / or other structures and units on the underside of the manhole to provide the desired functionality for the remote sensing device 100.

[0105] It will be appreciated that once the connection is established (i.e., once the elongated shaft 23 is inserted into the manhole cover and the antenna unit 20 is secured), the conventional manhole cover is ready to accept the monitoring unit 50 and has been converted into a smart manhole cover 1 with monitoring / wireless communication capabilities.

[0106] In some configurations, the manhole cover includes pre-existing through-holes 15 passing through the upper and lower surfaces 11, 12 of the cover body 10 (see Figures 11 and 12). In other configurations, the through-holes 15 can be easily created (either on-site or off-site) to allow the connections 21 to pass through the manhole cover.

[0107] It is anticipated that the remote sensing device 100 with its separable antenna unit 20 and monitoring unit 50 will have the flexibility to be installed on different manhole covers having different cavity 16 / rib 17 configurations on the underside of the cover. Preferably, the through holes 15 are formed in an area with sufficient cavity 16 space on the underside 13 of the manhole cover (depending on the location of the ribs 17 or other structures on the manhole cover).

[0108] In a preferred configuration, the through hole 15 (and therefore the connection 21) is a generally central connection. The generally central connection 21 is located at or towards the center of the device and / or manhole cover body 10. In other configurations, the connection may be off-center.

[0109] When the hollow connecting shaft 23 is inserted / passed through the through hole 15 of the manhole cover body 10, the antenna unit 20 abuts against the upper surface 11 of the cover. The antenna unit base plate 22 is a flat structure that provides a large bearing surface for engaging the upper surface of the cover, and when the antenna unit is secured to the cover (e.g., with a nut tightened onto the underside of the cover), it provides a stable connection between the device and the cover.

[0110] The hollow connecting shaft 23 is an elongated shaft structure that extends generally along the longitudinal axis (Y) of the remote sensing device, as shown in Figure 5. The elongated shaft structure extends along a longitudinal connecting axis (C) that passes through the through hole 15, as shown in Figure 11.

[0111] Preferably, the hollow connecting shaft 23 is a rigid structure formed from a durable material such as metal (stainless steel / ferrous material) or other suitable material known to those skilled in the art.

[0112] Most preferably, the hollow connecting shaft 23 has a threaded structure (including external threads). The hollow connecting shaft 23 is at least partially threaded to receive the units 20, 50 and secure them with a fixing element (e.g., a large fixing nut).

[0113] In a preferred configuration, connection 21 is the primary / main connection for securing the device on the manhole cover 10. Connection 21 formed between antenna unit 20 and monitoring unit 50 rigidly connects device 100 to manhole cover body 10 without any or limited modifications to conventional manhole covers (such as forming through holes). This may allow device 100 to be installed easily, quickly, and cost-effectively, even at the site of a roadside manhole.

[0114] Preferably, the hollow connecting shaft 23 depends from the underside of the base plate 22 of the antenna unit 20, as shown in FIG.

[0115] In some configurations, the hollow connecting shaft 23 is connected to the antenna unit 20. The antenna unit 20 and the connecting shaft 23 can be securely coupled / locked to one another using, for example, fasteners (e.g., countersunk screws), mating features (e.g., threaded components), or other locking engagement features known to those skilled in the art.

[0116] In other configurations, the hollow connecting shaft 23 is integrally formed with the antenna unit 20 (ie, formed as one piece).

[0117] In one configuration, the connection 21 comprises one or more fastening elements / nuts 24, 25 for fastening the antenna unit 20 and / or monitoring unit 50 to a structure of the infrastructure being monitored (e.g., a manhole cover as shown in FIG. 10, a capture pit grate as shown in FIG. 16, a rain garden pipe as shown in FIG. 17, or a trough, structure above a tank, etc.).

[0118] After the hollow connecting shaft 23 is inserted through the manhole cover, a primary antenna fastener 24, preferably inserted from the underside of the manhole cover, secures the antenna unit 20 to the cover body 10 (i.e., when the fastener is tightened, the antenna unit 20 is clamped against the top surface 11 of the cover). The primary antenna fastener 24 provides a stable connection for securing the antenna unit 20 to the manhole cover after the antenna unit 20 has been aligned / calibrated to its desired operating position.

[0119] Preferably, after the antenna unit 20 is secured to the manhole cover, the monitoring unit 50 is secured to the hollow connecting shaft. In one configuration, the primary unit fasteners 25 are inserted from the underside of the manhole cover to provide a rigid connection when they secure the monitoring unit 50 to the cover body 10 (i.e., when the fasteners are tightened, the monitoring unit 50 is tightened upward toward / against the bottom surface 12 of the cover). When the primary unit fasteners 25 are tightened, the unit is clamped / sandwiched between the manhole cover (above the unit) and the primary unit fasteners 25 (below the unit).

[0120] In one configuration, the connection assembly 21 includes a dual fastener stack (i.e., including both primary antenna fasteners 24 and primary unit fasteners 25) for connecting both the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 to the manhole cover body 10.

[0121] In a preferred configuration, the antenna unit 20 is secured to the manhole cover body 10 before the monitoring unit 50 is secured to the manhole cover body with fasteners. By securing the antenna unit 20 before securing the monitoring unit 50, ease of installation can be improved.

[0122] Additionally, the use of separate fasteners 23, 24 to secure each of the units 20, 50 can improve the ease and accuracy of positioning the units 20, 50. Either or both of the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 can be freely rotated to their operating positions as desired (e.g., the monitoring unit 50 can be in a position for the sensors to best detect a parameter) before fasteners are used to secure the units.

[0123] In a preferred configuration, the primary connection fasteners 23, 24 used to secure the units 20, 50 to the hollow connecting shaft 23 are nuts. The dimensions of the nuts are preferably large enough to securely fasten the antenna unit 20 / monitoring unit 50 against / towards the cover body 10 (e.g., nuts with M16 and / or M20 threads may be used). The fastening nuts preferably have engagement surfaces large enough to secure against the monitoring unit 50 and / or cover body (infrastructure component) and secure the units to form a rigid / robust connection.

[0124] In other configurations, other suitable fasteners known to those skilled in the art may be used. Alternatively, other fastening elements / techniques may be used, such as screwing the unit directly to the manhole cover or welding the unit to the manhole cover. In some configurations, the external threads of the hollow connecting shaft directly engage the infrastructure component. For example, a threaded shaft is installed into a threaded recess in the manhole cover.

[0125] In some configurations, the connection assembly 21 further comprises components to improve connection performance.

[0126] In preferred configurations, connection 21 further comprises washers or gaskets (e.g., anti-vibration washers) or plates 26 to evenly distribute the load of the fastener connection and / or reduce loosening of the connection due to vibration. In some configurations, one of plates 26 is an upper plate that extends radially from central hub 55 (farther than a typical washer) to improve and reduce vibration transmission, space monitoring unit 50 from bottom surface 12 of manhole cover 10, and / or accommodate other mounting elements.

[0127] In some configurations, the connection 21 further includes a crush resistant element between the primary connection fasteners 23, 24 to limit how far the primary unit fastener 24 can be pressed against the monitoring unit 50 (to reduce the possibility of damage to the housing due to overtightening).

[0128] In some configurations, the remote sensing device includes a secondary connection (not shown) for connecting the monitoring unit 50 to the central connection 21. The secondary connection may supplement the primary connection 21.

[0129] The secondary connection may be a threaded, snap-on, twist-fit, bayonet mount (FIG. 14), or similar connection between the monitoring unit 50 and the hollow connecting shaft 23 and / or manhole cover body 10.

[0130] Optionally, the secondary connection has a reduced stiffness compared to the primary connection described above. In some configurations, the secondary connection is compliant.

[0131] The remote sensing device 100 includes a cable connection 40 for connecting the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 to provide electrical, data, and / or power communication between the units. In some configurations, the cable connection 40 is suitable for use with RF signals (e.g., RG316 coaxial cable / MMCX connectors may be used).

[0132] In some configurations, flexible or rigid cables may be used to connect the units to each other.

[0133] Preferably, the cable connection 40 to the antenna unit 20 is recessed to avoid breakage due to vibration.

[0134] Preferably, the cable connection 40 passes through the hollow connection shaft 23, as shown in Figures 3 and 6. The cable connection 40 is protected by the hollow connection shaft sleeve 23, and the cable is guided from the antenna unit 20 towards the connection point on the monitoring unit 50.

[0135] In some configurations, the hollow connection shaft 23 includes a side notch 28. The side notch is configured to allow the cable connection portion 40 to exit laterally from the connection portion 23 to connect with a monitoring unit 50. The cable connection portion exits substantially laterally so that the cable can connect to a monitoring unit 50 located adjacent to / to the side of / to the side of the hollow connection shaft.

[0136] It will be appreciated that the side notches 28 can help to simplify the connection between the hollow connecting shaft 23 and the monitoring unit 50 located radially outward from the central hub 55 and provide a low profile connection.

[0137] The side notches 28 can also be used as locating feature cable connections, as the proper positioning of the monitoring unit 50 relative to the antenna unit 20 can be guided by the side notches for 40 .

[0138] In other configurations, the antenna unit 20 and the monitor unit 50 are provided with pin connectors between the components, ie, no separate / external cables are required to connect the components.

[0139] In some preferred configurations, the components of the connection between the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 are coaxially aligned to simplify the connection between the antenna unit and the monitoring unit. Preferably, the central connector is coaxially aligned with the manhole cover through-hole 15. The simplified connection reduces installation time of the components, as they can be efficiently retrofitted to existing manhole covers or installed on the manhole cover during manufacture.

[0140] Because the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 are separate, individual, waterproof units, a physical and electrical connection must be made between the units. The physical connection supports the monitoring unit 50 and connects it to the antenna unit 20 (forming a rigid connection that resists shock and vibration from pedestrians and vehicles passing overhead). Preferably, the connection is physical so that when the mechanical bond is formed, the units are electrically linked and power and / or information can flow between the components of the smart manhole cover.

[0141] In some configurations, all necessary electrical connections are made simply by mating / connecting the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 together. When the mechanical connection between the units 20, 50 is established, an electrical connection is simultaneously made between the antenna unit and the monitoring unit. The electrical and mechanical connections are made in a single motion to connect the antenna unit and the monitoring unit, as shown in FIG. 15 (e.g., both the physical and electrical connections are made when the monitoring unit is pressed and / or twisted onto the antenna unit).

[0142] Preferably, the electrical connections 21' between the units are supported by (eg embedded within) the structural connections 21 between the units.

[0143] In some configurations, the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50 are connected by one or a combination of push-and-twist, press, snap, twist-fit, magnetic, bayonet mount (as shown in FIG. 14), or similar connections. By aligning and physically connecting the antenna unit 20 and the monitoring unit 50, electrical, power, and / or information connections are simultaneously made, eliminating the need to manually connect a separate cable connection 40.

[0144] Components surrounding the hollow connecting shaft As previously mentioned, a typical manhole cover has limited space below the cover (due to limited cavity height 16 and obstructions, e.g., ribs 17). It is desirable to use the limited space efficiently to provide a low profile, robust device while also having the desired surveillance / communication performance requirements.

[0145] A thin device integrated with a manhole cover can provide a simple smart manhole cover 1 because all components are connected to the cover (i.e., there is no need to install a monitoring unit / sensor inside the manhole, e.g., on the manhole wall). Furthermore, even if the manhole cover is dragged or placed on the ground, the monitoring unit 50 on the underside will not be damaged.

[0146] In a preferred configuration, the monitoring unit 50 includes an opening 28 for receiving the hollow connecting shaft 23, as best shown in Figures 3 and 7. Most preferably, the opening 28 allows the hollow connecting shaft 23 to pass completely through the housing 51 of the monitoring unit 50. The electrical components are housed within a waterproof / sealed monitoring unit 50 that surrounds the opening 28 and hollow connecting shaft 23 when assembled to protect the internal components.

[0147] It will be appreciated that the monitoring unit 50 having the opening 28, in cooperation with the features of the elongated connecting shaft 23, provides a low profile remote sensing device 100 while also providing a strong / robust connection between the units, allowing the monitoring unit 50 to be attached to the manhole cover itself.

[0148] Preferably, the electrical components are located in cavities 54 of the monitoring unit that are radially spaced around the opening, as shown in FIG.

[0149] In a preferred configuration, the monitoring unit 50 includes a hub 55 for mounting the elongated shaft. The hub 55 is the area of ​​the monitoring unit that surrounds the opening. Preferably, the hub 55 is separate from the cavity (i.e., it is an area that does not house electrical components). Preferably, the hub 55 is formed at or toward the inner periphery of the monitoring unit 50 (around the opening 28).

[0150] In these configurations, preferably, all electrical components on the underside 13 of the manhole cover 10 are housed within the monitoring unit 50 so as to be radially spaced apart around a longitudinal connection axis (C) passing through the through hole 15 of the manhole cover body 10, as shown in Figures 3 and 11.

[0151] The opening 28 is aligned with a longitudinal connection axis (C) that passes through the through-hole so that the connection portion 21 can pass through the opening. Preferably, the opening 28 is generally centrally located relative to the manhole cover body 10. In other configurations, the opening 28 may be off-center.

[0152] The monitoring unit 50 may have one of the following housing shapes when viewed in plan view: donut, ring, partial ring, horseshoe, or similar shapes with openings. It should be understood that the monitoring unit 50 may have other shapes with openings 28 (e.g., circular, semicircular, square, rectangular, triangular, bean-shaped, peanut-shaped, etc.).

[0153] In plan view, the monitoring unit 50 and the electrical components it houses are not present in the area of ​​the opening 28. As no active components are located in the opening area 28, the hollow connecting shaft / hub 28 can pass through the monitoring unit.

[0154] A low profile can be achieved because the electrical components are spaced radially outward from the hollow connecting shaft 23, using the space surrounding the connections to minimize the height of the device.

[0155] In these configurations, the monitoring unit 50 (and the electrical components it houses) is low profile and is located in the area between the upper and lower ends of the hollow connecting shaft 23. The monitoring unit 50 does not increase the height of the remote sensing device. The monitoring unit 50 is located no lower than the lower end of the hollow connecting shaft 23.

[0156] A robust connection may be formed when the hollow connecting shaft 23 passes through the opening 28 in the monitoring unit, and a hub fastener (e.g., a locking nut) may be used to tighten the fastener to the monitoring unit 50.

[0157] Additionally, opening 28 of monitoring unit 50 preferably provides a drainage path to prevent water from pooling on the housing (and through the monitoring unit). The drainage path can direct water away from the inlet connection to housing 51 or other potential areas. It should be understood that remote sensing device 100 operates in an environment where large amounts of water may be present (e.g., due to rain and / or accumulation of steam or condensation). As a result, potential leak paths into the unit should be eliminated or minimized.

[0158] Preferably, the monitoring unit includes one or more drain ports 56. The drain ports are located on the hub 55 so that water can pass through the monitoring unit 50 without entering the cavity 54 that houses the electrical components, as best shown in FIG. 8 . In some configurations, the drain ports 56 are located in the upper housing portion 58 of the monitoring unit 50. The drain ports 56 are radially spaced about the hollow connecting shaft 23 / opening 28. The drain ports 56 can form part of a drainage path for water to exit the top side of the monitoring unit from the bottom side without pooling.

[0159] Opening 28 provides a drainage path so that water entering through the manhole cover can flow by gravity around antenna unit 20 and down through monitoring unit 50 (and out through drain port 56). This reduces the chance of water leaking into monitoring unit 50, as the connection point is not located on the top surface of the unit, and pooling of water on top of the monitoring unit is minimized.

[0160] Preferably, opening 28 provides a primary drainage path for water to pass through / out of monitoring unit 50 .

[0161] In some configurations, the opening 28 has a width / diameter that is greater than the diameter of the hollow connecting shaft 23. The opening 28 provides a path for water to flow around the hollow connecting shaft 23.

[0162] Housing and waterproofing of surveillance devices In some configurations, the housing 51 of the monitoring unit 50 comprises an upper housing portion 58 and a lower housing portion 59, as best shown in Figure 8. The housing portions 58, 59 are secured together to form a separate waterproof housing that is connectable to the antenna unit 20.

[0163] Preferably, upper housing portion 58 has a downward shell profile to protect the electrical components of monitoring device 50. In these configurations, lower housing portion 59 may be a substantially flat housing portion / lid for closing the housing. Upper housing portion 58 and lower housing portion 59 may be connected to one another with a number of fasteners (e.g., socket screws).

[0164] Preferably, the sealing surface between the upper and lower housing portions 58, 59 is located on the underside of the monitoring unit to reduce the possibility of water ingress.

[0165] Gasket 57 (shown in FIG. 8) can be used to mechanically seal the space between the mating surfaces of housing portions 58, 59 to minimize the possibility of leakage into monitoring unit 50. Any suitable gasket known to those skilled in the art can be used, such as a compression gasket, a neoprene gasket, a foam or liquid gasket, an RTV silicone / rubber gasket, or the like.

[0166] In some configurations, a single gasket is provided between the upper and lower housing portions 58, 59 to seal the mating surfaces between the housing portions. This is possible with certain monitoring unit configurations, such as configurations where the monitoring unit has a horseshoe / partial ring configuration.

[0167] Preferably, the monitoring unit 50 is formed from polymers and additives / engineering plastics suitable for withstanding the manhole environment. It is envisioned that the monitoring unit 50 may be formed from other materials or combinations of materials known to those skilled in the art to be suitable for the environment in which the remote sensing device 100 will be placed.

[0168] Electrical Component Details A simplified diagram of a preferred configuration showing possible components of the remote sensing device 100, some of which are housed within the monitoring unit 50, is shown in FIG.

[0169] In a preferred configuration, the remote sensing device 100 includes a sensor 30 for detecting a parameter. The sensor 30 is one of the electrical components housed within the monitoring unit 50.

[0170] In a preferred configuration, the remote sensing device 100 comprises a wireless communication module 31 located within the monitor unit 50. The wireless communication module 31 includes a wireless transmitter and / or a wireless receiver connected to an antenna.

[0171] The antenna preferably transmits the information obtained by the sensor 30 to a remote receiver. For example, data from the device may be transmitted to a mobile phone, tablet, or computer. Preferably, the device uses low-power wide-area network technology (LPWAN). Optionally, a dedicated gateway can be used if required.

[0172] In a preferred configuration, the remote sensing device 100 comprises a controller 32 connected to a sensor 30 and a wireless communication module 31 .

[0173] In a preferred configuration, the electrical components are connected on a PCB board 36 .

[0174] Optionally, remote sensing device 100 includes auxiliary components such as a solar panel 34 or a display 35 for displaying information from the device.

[0175] The sensors 30 are configured to detect parameters associated with manholes, manhole covers, or other water infrastructure and / or their environments, eliminating or at least reducing the frequency at which personnel are required to inspect and / or access the manholes.

[0176] In some configurations, the sensor 30 is one of the following types of sensors: a) water level sensor, b) non-contact flow sensor; c) gas sensors; d) a temperature sensor; e) moisture sensor; f) tamper sensors; g) a vibration sensor, or h) One of the optical sensors.

[0177] It is anticipated that in other configurations, other sensor types known to those skilled in the art may be provided within remote sensing device 100 to detect other parameters as desired.

[0178] In a preferred configuration, the sensor is located within the monitoring unit 50 and does not protrude from the housing 51 .

[0179] In contrast, a sensor or probe extending or hanging below the manhole cover body 10 into the manhole cavity may be less preferable because the cover is not as compact / thin, and the sensor / probe may be damaged when the manhole cover 1 is installed / moved / dragged. Additionally, a sensor integrated with the manhole avoids the need for a person to enter the manhole to install / maintain / replace the sensor.

[0180] In a preferred configuration, the sensor 30 is a radar sensor for monitoring water levels. Radar sensors emit electromagnetic waves to monitor the water level within a manhole. It should be appreciated that radar sensors can provide consistent and accurate readings (because they are not affected by disturbances such as wind or air currents) and use low power, which can provide advantages in manhole / water infrastructure applications. Radar sensors can also interpret different interface layers within the measurement environment. Thus, radar sensors can see through / distinguish between various media, including dust, wood, leaves, oil, and water foam.

[0181] The radar sensor 30 includes a lens 35 (e.g., a Fresnel lens), as shown in Figure 9. In a preferred configuration, the lens 35 is integrated into the housing of the monitoring unit 50 (preferably integrated into the lower housing portion / lid 59). The lens focal length can be adjusted as needed by changing the lid 59.

[0182] It will be appreciated that integrating the lens 35 with the monitoring unit housing 51 can provide advantages such as reducing potential leak paths and / or water ingress failure points, providing a thin / compact device, reducing manufacturing costs and complexity compared to lenses manufactured as part of a PCB or the like, and also allowing for simple lens replacement for different applications.

[0183] In a preferred configuration, the monitoring unit 50 includes a water exclusion region 36. The water exclusion region 36 is preferably located on the monitoring unit housing 51 in the focal area of ​​the lens 35, as shown in FIG.

[0184] In some configurations, the water exclusion area 36 is a slope on the housing surface for draining water from the focal area / lens field of view of the radar sensor 30, as best shown in Figures 2 and 8. The slope 36 drains water downward and away from the focal area / lens field of view due to gravity. In the illustrated configuration, the slope 36 drains downward and inward toward the opening 28. In other configurations, the slope 36 drains downward and outward away from the opening 28.

[0185] Stagnant water / moisture from rain or steam on the housing in the focal area of ​​the radar sensor is undesirable as it can cause interference with the signal and prevent the radar from seeing the various interface zones.

[0186] Optionally, the ramp / water exclusion region 36 includes a hydrophobic coating or other feature or coating to encourage water to move away from the focal area of ​​the sensor.

[0187] size It is anticipated that the components of remote sensing device 100 will be sized and configured as needed for different manhole covers and / or different environments and situations. 4 and 6, suitable dimensional ranges for several configurations of the components / structures of remote sensing device 100 are now provided.

[0188] In a preferred configuration, the monitoring unit (50) has a width / diameter (61) of between 50mm and 200mm.

[0189] Most preferably, the monitoring unit (50) has a width / diameter (61) between 50mm and 160mm.

[0190] In a preferred configuration, the monitoring unit (50) has a height (62) of between 25 mm and 60 mm.

[0191] Most preferably, the monitoring unit (50) has a height (62) of 30 mm to 40 mm.

[0192] Preferably, the monitoring unit (50) has a height that is lower than the height of the cavity (16) on the underside (13) of the manhole cover body, so that the manhole cover can be placed / dragged on the ground without damaging the monitoring unit.

[0193] In a preferred configuration, the antenna unit (20) has a width / diameter (63) of between 50mm and 160mm.

[0194] Most preferably, the antenna unit (20) has a width / diameter (63) between 50mm and 120mm.

[0195] Preferably, the antenna unit 20 has a surface area large enough to receive the antenna wire and provide a good signal for communicating information to / from the smart manhole cover 1.

[0196] In a preferred configuration, the antenna unit (20) has a height (64) of between 5 mm and 20 mm.

[0197] Most preferably, the antenna unit (20) has a height (64) of between 5 mm and 15 mm.

[0198] Preferably, the antenna unit 20 has a flat profile so as not to act as a hazard to vehicles or people above the manhole cover 1 .

[0199] In a preferred configuration, the hollow connecting shaft (21) has a height (65) of 15 mm to 60 mm.

[0200] Most preferably, the hollow connecting shaft (21) has a height (26) of 15 mm to 40 mm.

[0201] Preferably, one or more of the connectors associated with and / or within the monitoring unit 50 are oriented horizontally so as to be generally aligned with the horizontal plane of the manhole cover. Connectors in this orientation help to create a compact / thin cover.

[0202] Modular Unit In some configurations, the electrical components are housed in two or more separate modular monitoring units 50 (FIG. 12). Preferably, one or more modular monitoring units 50 are removably coupled to the underside 13 of the cover body 10.

[0203] Preferably, in these configurations, when multiple modular monitoring units 50, 50', 50" are physically connected, they are electrically linked to allow power and / or information to flow between the modular monitoring units. Electrical contacts 53 of adjacent modular units are made and broken as the modular units are physically connected and disconnected from one another.

[0204] In a most preferred configuration, the modular units 50 are removably connected to one another. Removably connected modular units 50 can be advantageous because they can be easily installed or removed for maintenance / repair or to provide and remove specific functionality as needed.

[0205] Preferably, adjacent modular units include complementary features for connecting the modular units to one another. In some configurations, adjacent modular units are connected to one another by one or a combination of the following connection types: threaded connection, plug-fit connection, magnetic connection, bayonet-mount connection. It is anticipated that other suitable connection features may be used to connect adjacent modular units.

[0206] In these configurations, the connectors are preferably of a type such as spring loaded or sliding connectors that help align the electrical contacts 53 between the modular units 50, 50'.

[0207] In some configurations, two or more of the modular units are connected side-by-side so that the units reside within a cavity 16 on the underside of the manhole cover, maintaining a low profile device.

[0208] In other configurations, two or more of the modular units are connected in series in a vertical stack. In these configurations, preferably, the bottom surface of the upper modular unit 50 is configured to engage the top surface of the lower modular unit 50'.

[0209] In a preferred configuration, at least two of the modular units house different types of components to provide different functions for the smart manhole cover.

[0210] For example, in one configuration, the first modular unit 50 houses a first sensor 30 for detecting a first parameter and the second modular unit 50' houses a second sensor 30' for detecting a second parameter. In one configuration, the first modular unit 50 houses a tamper sensor for detecting whether the manhole cover 1 has moved and the second modular unit 50' houses a water level sensor for detecting the water level in the manhole.

[0211] In other configurations, two or more of the modular units include the same type of components to enhance functionality. For example, in one configuration, the smart manhole cover 1 includes two power sources 33. Each power source 33 is housed within a separate modular unit 50, 50'.

[0212] It is anticipated that auxiliary modular units may be connected to the smart manhole cover 1 to increase the different types of functionality available or to enhance the functionality of the smart manhole cover, as desired.

[0213] Many changes in the construction and widely different embodiments and applications of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

[0214] The present invention may also be broadly described as consisting of the parts, elements, and features referred to or shown in the specification of this application, individually or collectively, and any and all combinations of any two or more of such parts, elements, or features; where specific integers that have known equivalents in the art to which the present invention pertains are referred to herein, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

Claims

1. 1. A remote sensing device for monitoring conditions in a water infrastructure network, comprising: an antenna unit configured to be positioned on or toward a top surface of a water infrastructure component in the water infrastructure network, the antenna unit having a flat base for engaging the top surface of the water infrastructure component, the antenna unit having an elongated connecting shaft with a hollow portion depending from the antenna unit, the elongated connecting shaft providing a mounting structure on a bottom surface of the water infrastructure component for receiving and supporting a structure; a monitoring unit for housing electrical components including sensors for detecting parameters, the monitoring unit being removably attached to the antenna unit; the monitoring unit includes a hub for attaching the monitoring unit to the elongated connecting shaft, the hub being a region of the monitoring unit surrounding an opening in the monitoring unit, the opening being configured to allow the elongated connecting shaft to pass completely through a housing of the monitoring unit; the electrical components are located within a cavity in the monitoring unit and are radially spaced about the hub, the monitoring unit being located in a region between an upper end and a lower end of the elongated connecting shaft; A remote sensing device, wherein the antenna unit and the monitoring unit are separate and independent waterproof structures.

2. the elongated connecting shaft having an external thread for providing an essentially rigid connection; 10. The remote sensing device of claim 1, comprising a nut associated with the threaded elongated connection shaft, the nut having a large engagement surface for engaging against the infrastructure component to form the essentially rigid connection.

3. 3. The remote sensing device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the elongated connecting shaft is directly connected to the infrastructure component so as to form an essentially rigid connection.

4. 4. A remote sensing device according to claim 1, wherein a mechanical connection between the antenna unit and the monitoring unit is established while an electrical connection is made between the units in a single operation.

5. The remote sensing device of claim 4 , wherein the electrical connection is a push-type electrical connector integrated into the elongated connecting shaft.

6. A remote sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the antenna unit and the monitoring unit are rotatable into their operating positions before fixing the units in place.

7. 7. The remote sensing device of claim 1, wherein the monitoring unit comprises one or more drain ports located on the hub for allowing water to pass through the monitoring unit without entering the cavity housing the electrical components.

8. In plan view, the monitoring unit has the following overall housing outline: a) donuts, b) a ring; c) partial rings; 8. The remote sensing device of claim 1, further comprising one of: a) a lateral projection; b) a lateral projection; c) a lateral projection; d) a horseshoe shape.

9. The sensor a) a water level sensor; b) a non-contact flow sensor; c) a gas sensor; d) a temperature sensor; e) moisture sensor; f) a tamper sensor; g) a vibration sensor, or h) an optical sensor.

10. A remote sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the sensor is a radar sensor equipped with a lens.

11. The remote sensing device of claim 10 , wherein the lens is integral with a housing of the monitoring unit.

12. the monitoring unit comprising a water exclusion region within the focal area of ​​the lens; 12. The remote sensing device of claim 11, wherein the water exclusion region is a slope on a surface of the monitoring unit housing for draining water downwardly away from the focal area.

13. The electrical components housed within the monitoring unit include: a) a controller; b) a wireless communication module; A remote sensing device according to any preceding claim, comprising one or a combination of: a) a power source;

14. A remote sensing device according to any preceding claim, wherein all said electrical components are housed within one monitoring unit.

15. A remote sensing device according to any preceding claim, wherein the elongated connection shaft receives and protects a cable connection.

16. The remote sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the antenna unit has a traversable shape, such as a dome shape.

17. 17. A remote sensing device according to any preceding claim, wherein the monitoring unit comprises an upper housing portion and a lower housing portion, the upper housing portion comprising a downwardly facing shell profile and the lower housing portion comprising a substantially flat lid profile.

18. 18. The remote sensing device of claim 17, wherein a single gasket is provided between the upper and lower housing portions to seal the mating surfaces between the housing portions.

19. said infrastructure components comprising: a) Manhole cover b) lattice c) Cap 20. The remote sensing device of claim 18, wherein: d) a lid.

20. and a connection for securing the device to a component of the water infrastructure, the connection comprising: a primary antenna fastener that secures the antenna unit to the water infrastructure component to form an essentially rigid connection via the elongated connecting shaft; A remote sensing device according to any preceding claim, comprising: a primary unit fastener for securing the monitoring unit to an underside of the component.

21. A remote sensing device according to any preceding claim, wherein the monitoring unit is spaced from the bottom surface of the component by a washer or plate to reduce transmission of vibrations.

22. A remote sensing device according to any preceding claim, wherein the monitoring unit is located no lower than the lower end of the elongate connecting shaft.

23. A smart manhole cover, The manhole cover body, A remote sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, The remote sensing device is connected to the manhole cover body such that the antenna unit is located on an upper surface of the manhole cover body and the monitoring unit is located on a lower surface of the manhole cover body.

24. 24. The smart manhole cover of claim 23, wherein the elongated connecting shaft passes through a through-hole in the manhole cover body for connection between the antenna unit and the monitoring unit.

25. 25. The smart manhole cover of claim 23 or 24, wherein the manhole cover body has a cavity on the underside of the cover for receiving the monitoring unit, and the monitoring unit has a height that is lower than a height of the cavity so that the monitoring unit does not protrude below a bottom surface of the manhole cover body.

26. The connection is a connection type: a) fasteners; b) screws, c) Snap-on; d) twist fit; e) a bayonet mount.

27. 27. The smart manhole cover of claim 26, wherein the connection comprises a dual fastener stack including primary fasteners for initially connecting the antenna unit to the manhole cover body and secondary fasteners for connecting the monitoring unit.

28. 1. A method for sensing a parameter, comprising: Providing a remote sensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 22; monitoring the parameters; and wirelessly communicating data from the remote sensing device to a remote receiver.

29. 30. The method of sensing a condition of claim 28, further comprising passing the elongated connecting shaft through an opening in the monitoring unit and securing the monitoring unit with a hub fastener tightened against a surface of the monitoring unit.

30. the remote sensing device: a) Sewerage; b) storm capture pits; c) rain gardens; d) water trough; e) macro-pollutant traps; f) a waste tank.

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