Annular bracket for external tensioning of tower segments, external tensioning system for hybrid towers, tower sections for hybrid towers, hybrid towers, wind power generation equipment, and method of assembling an external tensioning system for hybrid towers

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for assembling an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower of a wind power generation facility. [Solution] An annular bracket (200) for external tensioning of tower segments of a wind power generation facility, comprising a connector element (202) for connecting a tension element (204), a bearing element (206) for transmitting tension to the tower segment, and an annular force transmission element (210) for transmitting tension between the connector element and the bearing element, wherein the bearing element is radially spaced farther from the longitudinal axis of the annular bracket than the connector element.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an annular bracket for external tensioning of a tower segment, in particular a tower segment of a wind power installation, an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power installation, a tower section for a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power installation, a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power installation, a wind power installation, and a method for assembling an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power installation. [Background technology]

[0002] Hybrid towers are known and generally comprise at least one tower segment made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete and at least one tower segment made of steel. Generally, starting from a foundation, a hybrid tower comprises a lower tower section with one or more tower segments made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete and an upper tower section arranged thereon with one or more tower segments made of steel. A tower section can comprise one tower segment or multiple tower segments. A tower segment can comprise one or more partial segments.

[0003] Hybrid towers are preferably used in the case of tall towers. Hybrid towers are used, for example, in broadcasting towers, television towers or wind power plants. Due to the large heights they can reach, hybrid towers are particularly interesting for use in wind power plants, since the amount of wind power available increases with greater height. In the case of wind power plants, the nacelle can be located in the upper tower section or the upper tower section can include the nacelle.

[0004] Hybrid towers are subjected to actuation forces that vary depending on wind and / or weather conditions. To transmit the actuation forces that are directed through the hybrid tower to the foundation, an upper tower section made of steel is typically connected to a lower tower section made of reinforced or prestressed concrete. The connection typically absorbs, inter alia, tensile and / or pressure and / or bending loads resulting from the actuation forces.

[0005] Patent Document 1 discloses a tower for a wind power plant with a connecting piece between a lower tubular prestressed concrete section and an upper tubular steel section. Patent Document 2 discloses a hybrid tower with a tubular lower tower section made of concrete, a tubular upper section made of steel, and an adapter placed between the two tower sections for connecting them. Patent Document 3 describes a method for constructing a tower made of prefabricated prestressed concrete components and an apparatus for carrying out the method. Patent Documents 4 and 5 disclose a configuration with a concrete foundation and tower for supporting a nacelle of a wind power plant, the tower including multiple tower segments arranged along the tower axis, at least the uppermost tower segment formed as a steel element including a head flange and a base flange, and multiple tension strands or tension strands that secure the concrete foundation to the head flange of the uppermost tower segment, which is under tensile stress.

[0006] Known constructions of hybrid towers often involve high costs, for example in the production of molds, and high technical complexity, for example when compressing and prestressing tension strands in prestressed concrete prefabricated components. Furthermore, the prestressing of prestressed tower segments and / or tower sections and / or hybrid towers often cannot be adapted and / or corrected on site, or can only be adapted and / or corrected on site by technical means that are relatively manpower- and time-intensive and expensive.

[0007] The German Patent and Trademark Office searched the following prior art documents in its priority application for the present application: [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] German Patent No. 10230273 [Patent Document 2] European Patent No. 2807317 [Patent Document 3] DE 10033845 A1 [Patent Document 4] German Patent Application Publication No. 102013226536 [Patent Document 5] International Publication No. 2015 / 090861 [Patent Document 6] German Patent Application Publication No. 102012001109 [Patent Document 7] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 106121346 [Patent Document 8] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 104121155 [Patent Document 9] German Patent Application Publication No. 102016203494 [Patent Document 10] US Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0138707 [Patent Document 11] US Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0113708 [Patent Document 12] U.S. Patent No. 9,032,674 [Patent Document 13] European Patent No. 2339094 [Patent Document 14] German Patent Application Publication No. 102013226536 [Patent Document 15] International Publication No. 2014 / 202733 Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing an improved solution. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide an annular bracket for external tensioning of tower segments, an improved external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, an improved tower section of a hybrid tower, an improved hybrid tower, an improved wind power installation, and an improved method for assembling an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower. Furthermore, in particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide an annular bracket for external tensioning of tower segments, an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, a tower section of a hybrid tower, a hybrid tower, a wind power installation, and an improved method for assembling an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, which allows external fixation and / or connection of at least one tower segment and / or at least one tower section and / or tower, in particular a hybrid tower, to the tower segment and / or tower section and / or foundation.

[0010] According to a first aspect of the invention, the above object is achieved by an annular bracket for external tensioning of tower segments, in particular tower segments of wind power installations, a connector element for connection of tension elements, a bearing element for transmission of tension forces to the tower segments, and an annular force transmission element for transmission of tension forces between the connector element and the bearing element, wherein the bearing element is radially spaced further from the longitudinal axis of the annular bracket than the connector element.

[0011] The annular bracket serves for external tensioning of the tower segment, in particular for transmitting external tension to the tower segment. In connection with the annular bracket, the tower segment is in particular an upper tower segment, preferably a steel tower segment, in particular a tower segment made of steel or containing a large amount of steel. The tower segment preferably has a radially inward shoulder, in particular at its lower end. The shoulder is preferably configured to receive the annular bracket. Furthermore, the annular bracket is preferably configured to be arranged on the radially inward shoulder of the tower segment. The dimensional specifications of the tower segment, in particular with regard to the radius, are in particular related to the radially inward shoulder of the tower segment.

[0012] In the case of external tensioning of the tower segment, the tensioning elements are preferably not guided through the tower segment, in particular its walls, as compared to the case of internal tensioning. In the case of external tensioning, the tensioning elements are preferably arranged at a distance from or adjacent to the walls of the tower segment. The tensioning elements are in particular arranged at a distance from or adjacent to the side of the tower segment facing the tower interior.

[0013] In the case of external tensioning of the tower segment, the tension force is provided to the annular bracket via a tension element connected to the connector element, and via a force transmission element, the tension force is transmitted from the connector element to the bearing element and from there to the tower segment.

[0014] The bearing elements are spaced radially farther from the longitudinal axis of the annular bracket than the connector elements, and are therefore positioned further radially outward relative to the connector elements, such that the force transmission elements transmit tension provided by the tension elements from the radially inwardly positioned connector elements to the radially outwardly positioned bearing elements.

[0015] In this way, the tensioning elements can be arranged further radially inward on the connector elements, for example spaced apart from or adjacent to the side of the tower segment facing the tower interior, while the transmission of tension forces by the bearing elements to the tower segments is advantageously carried out further radially outward. Thus, for example, undesirable introduction of forces and / or moments, which may occur in the case of external tensioning, can be avoided or reduced, especially due to the spaced apart or adjacent arrangement of the tensioning elements from or to the side of the tower segment facing the tower interior. This allows external tensioning means to be used in multiple towers as a single or additional tensioning technique, both in the case of (initial) tower construction and in the case of tower retrofitting.

[0016] Further advantages of the solution according to the invention are that tower segments made from reinforced or prestressed concrete with lower complexity can be used, which reduces the technical complexity and cost costs of manufacturing the moulds for the tower segments and of manufacturing the tower segments, simplifies the maintenance and repair of the tension elements and / or ensures a prestressed connection between the upper and lower tower sections and / or between tower segments arranged next to each other and / or one above the other, which prestressed connection is protected from weather influences throughout its service life, regardless of the operating loads acting on it.

[0017] A further advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the external tensioning elements can be arranged inside the tower, which makes it possible to carry out maintenance and repair work at any time, regardless of wind and weather conditions. In a particularly advantageous manner, no expensive or reduced-cost technical means, such as pumps for pressing complex compounds, are required for this purpose, and only a reduced use of time and personnel is required.

[0018] It is a further advantage of the solution according to the invention that the lower tower segment or lower tower section can be connected to or even prestressed to the upper tower segment or upper tower section without there being a tower segment used as an adapter or connecting piece between the upper and lower tower segments or upper and lower tower sections.

[0019] Furthermore, it is an advantage of the solution according to the invention that the annular brackets can be retrofitted even on towers and / or hybrid towers that are already in service, i.e., towers with an internal prestressed tower segment or several internal prestressed tower segments and / or towers with an internal prestressed tower section or several internal prestressed tower sections. In a particularly advantageous manner, for example, even towers and / or hybrid towers with damaged internal fastening means can be retrofitted with annular brackets for external tensioning and thus be put into service again. Furthermore, the prestressing of the tower segments can be adapted or corrected by the annular brackets. In particular, the use of annular brackets can allow for external tensioning that is advantageous in terms of bending and / or fatigue and / or does not overload the net cross-section of the concrete.

[0020] A further advantage of the solution according to the invention is that temporary gaps that may occur between two tower segments arranged one above the other can be prevented, if not completely minimized, by the annular bracket, especially by the particular arrangement of the connector elements and the bearing elements, in particular when the acting operating forces are large. In particular, the annular bracket can be advantageously retrofitted with further connector elements to receive further tension elements, for example in the case of increasing the operating forces.

[0021] The solution according to the invention is also advantageous in that the natural frequency behavior of the tower segments and / or tower sections and / or hybrid towers is only slightly, if at all, affected, and preferably not in a detrimental way, as known from the arrangement and / or fastening of the blades and / or collars on the inner and / or outer walls.

[0022] In this specification, position and location specifications such as "top" and "bottom" or "outside" and "inside", unless otherwise specified, relate to the installed state of the hybrid tower, in particular the tower section and / or the annular bracket installed on the hybrid tower. Thus, in the installed state, the base of the hybrid tower essentially forms its lower end, and the nacelle its upper end. In the installed state of the annular bracket and / or the tower segment and / or the tower section and / or the hybrid tower, their longitudinal axes are preferably oriented substantially vertically and, particularly preferably, are arranged coaxially with respect to one another. And / or in the case of transportation of the hybrid tower and / or the annular bracket and / or the tower segment and / or the tower section, and / or in the case of maintenance and / or repair work, individual longitudinal axes or all longitudinal axes may also be arranged non-vertically and / or non-coaxially. The specifications regarding the longitudinal direction and / or height relate to a direction extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axes.

[0023] The cross section of the hybrid tower in a plane perpendicular to its longitudinal extent is essentially annular: the annular bracket has a circular cross section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and the tower segments and / or tower sections preferably have a circular cross section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

[0024] The annular cross section may be, for example, circular, elliptical, or polygonal, e.g., triangular or rectangular, in configuration, and annular is therefore understood herein to mean a shape that is closed around the circumference, including, but not limited to, a circular configuration.

[0025] The hybrid tower and, in principle, correspondingly, its tower sections and / or tower segments and / or annular brackets may be of cylindrical configuration, i.e., the outer and / or inner diameters are constant over the height, in which case the hybrid tower and / or its tower sections and / or its tower segments have no tilt angle relative to the longitudinal axis.

[0026] A hybrid tower generally tapers as its height increases, i.e., its outer and / or inner diameters decrease as its height increases. This tapering can be uniform or non-uniform. Furthermore, the tapering can be present only in individual portions of the hybrid tower or can be different in different portions of the hybrid tower. The tapering can also be gradual. The hybrid tower and / or tower sections and / or tower segments and / or annular bracket can be fully or partially conical and / or frusto-conical in shape. Thus, the hybrid tower and / or tower sections and / or tower segments and / or annular bracket can have fully or partially the same or different inclination angles relative to the longitudinal axis. In particular, for example, the inward and outward inclination angles of the hybrid tower and / or tower sections and / or tower segments and / or annular bracket can be the same or different. The inclination angles can be directed both radially inward and radially outward. In particular, the tilt angle is greater than 0° and / or is preferably at least 1°, 5°, 10°, 15° or 20° and at most 1°, 5°, 10°, 15° or 20°.

[0027] Hybrid towers, their tower sections, and their individual tower segments typically include walls having an outer wall, i.e., a side facing away from the tower interior, and an inner wall, i.e., a side facing the tower interior. The walls preferably have a wall thickness configured to absorb actuation forces. The wall thickness is the wall thickness from the inner wall to the outer wall in a radial direction and / or a direction perpendicular to the inner wall. In particular, the wall thickness can vary over the height of the installation position. Furthermore, the wall thickness can preferably taper over the height, i.e., decrease over the height, in particular, the wall thickness can taper toward the top. The wall thickness of the walls can vary, in particular, the wall thickness of the walls can vary radially over the height. Preferably, the wall thickness of the walls decreases toward the top. Alternatively, the wall thickness is preferably constant over the height.

[0028] Preferably, the tension element extends parallel to a direction oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tower segment and / or tower section and / or hybrid tower. The tension element can also be inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tower segment and / or tower section and / or hybrid tower. This may be preferred, in particular, when the tower segment and / or tower section and / or hybrid tower have a tapered and / or conical or frusto-conical configuration. The inclination angle of the tension element preferably corresponds to the inclination angle of the tower segment and / or tower section and / or hybrid tower, in particular the inclination angle of the inner or outer wall of the tower segment and / or tower section and / or hybrid tower. The tension element can also have an inclination angle different from the vertical of the tower segment and / or tower section and / or hybrid tower, where the difference in inclination angle between the tension element and the tower segment and / or tower section and / or hybrid tower is preferably at least or at most 1°, 2°, 3°, 5°, 7.5°, 10°, 15°, or 20°. Furthermore, the tension elements preferably have different inclination angles for different tower segments and / or different tower sections, especially when transitioning from the upper to the lower tower segment and / or from the upper to the lower tower section, the tension elements may have different inclination angles with respect to the latter.

[0029] The tension element may, for example, comprise a rod and / or have a rod-shaped configuration. The tension element may comprise a cable or have a cable-shaped configuration. The tension element preferably consists of steel or is made of a material containing steel. Furthermore, the material of the tension element may preferably consist of fibers or may contain fibers, in particular steel fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or aramid fibers and / or ceramic fibers and / or natural fibers and / or glass fibers, etc. The tension element may comprise an insert and / or strands, the strands preferably including a plurality of wires. The insert preferably forms the core of the tension element. The insert is preferably surrounded by the strands and / or wires. The material of the insert may comprise plastic and / or steel and / or natural and / or artificial fibers, the insert preferably having a wire-like and / or cable-like and / or rod-like and / or fiber-like and / or rod-like configuration.

[0030] The connector element is configured for connecting a tension element, in particular for connecting a connector head of a tension element. The connector element is preferably configured to be releasably connected to the tension element, in particular by a threaded connection and / or in a prestressed manner, in particular hydraulically prestressed. The tension element is preferably configured to be releasably connected to the connector element, in particular by a threaded connection and / or in a prestressed manner, in particular hydraulically prestressed.

[0031] The connector element is preferably connected to the annular force transmission element in an integrally joined manner, in particular by welding and / or adhesive bonding and / or in a non-positive locking manner, in particular by screwing and / or in a positive locking manner, in particular in the form of a plug-in connection. The connector element can also be configured integrally with the annular force transmission element.

[0032] In this specification, in particular, integral is understood to mean in one piece.

[0033] The bearing elements are configured for transmitting tensile forces to the tower segments. The bearing elements are preferably connected to the annular force transmission elements in an integrally joined manner, in particular by welding and / or adhesive bonding and / or in a non-positive locking manner, in particular by screwing and / or in a positive locking manner, in particular in the form of a plug-in connection. The bearing elements can also be configured integrally with the annular force transmission elements. The lower ends, in particular the lower radially outer ends, of the annular force transmission elements preferably constitute the bearing elements. The bearing elements preferably have a substantially continuous or interrupted configuration in the circumferential direction. The interruptions of the bearing elements and / or bearing element portions are preferably arranged equidistantly and / or distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0034] Furthermore, in the radial direction, the bearing elements preferably have a range of at least 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of the wall thickness of the tower segment, and at most 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. The bearing elements are preferably dimensioned depending on the loads and / or forces acting on them, the tower height, and / or the material. For example, the bearing elements may have a radial range of 200 mm to 400 mm, in particular 240 mm to 380 mm, especially if the bearing elements are constructed as concrete prefabricated components.

[0035] The annular bracket preferably has two or more tension elements and / or two or more connector elements and / or two or more bearing elements. The number of tension elements is preferably the same as the number of connector elements. The tension elements and / or connector elements and / or bearing elements are preferably arranged equidistant from one another, in particular spaced apart in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, preferably, a plurality of connector elements are arranged in a connector plane and / or a plurality of bearing elements are arranged in a bearing plane, the connector plane and / or bearing plane being oriented substantially horizontally and / or perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis. The number of connector elements and / or tension elements and / or bearing elements is preferably selected depending on the acting load and / or the diameter and / or distribution of the tension elements.

[0036] In one preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the radial spacing of the connector element from the longitudinal axis is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the tower segment.

[0037] This preferably makes it possible to guide and / or position the tension element inside the tower without having to guide it through the tower segment, in particular through its wall. The connector element is preferably spaced from the longitudinal axis such that the tension element connected to the connector element is spaced from the side of the tower segment or adjacent to the side facing the tower interior.

[0038] The inner diameter of the tower segment is preferably the inner diameter on the top inner edge of the tower segment.

[0039] The multiple connector elements are preferably all equally spaced radially from the longitudinal axis.

[0040] The radial spacing of the connector elements from the longitudinal axis is preferably at least or at most 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 97.5% of the inner diameter of the tower segment. The radial spacing of the connector elements from the longitudinal axis preferably takes into account any weld seams that may be present or attached, and / or is preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, in particular about 20 mm.

[0041] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the spacing of the bearing element from the longitudinal axis in the radial direction is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the tower segment and / or greater than the inner diameter of the tower segment.

[0042] The above-described embodiment advantageously allows tension forces to be provided to the tower segment via the bearing elements. In one preferred variant of the above-described embodiment, the bearing elements are spaced apart from the longitudinal axis such that the bearing elements are arranged in the outer half, particularly preferably in the outer third, of the wall thickness of the tower segment.

[0043] The outer diameter of the tower segment is preferably the outer diameter on the upper outer edge of the tower segment.

[0044] The radial spacing of the connector elements from the longitudinal axis is preferably at least 90%, 95% or 97.5% of the outer diameter of the tower segment. The radial spacing of the connector elements from the longitudinal axis preferably takes into account any weld seams that may be present or attached, and / or is preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, in particular about 20 mm.

[0045] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the annular force transmission element comprises an upper belt and / or a lower belt.

[0046] The upper belt and / or the lower belt, possibly together with further elements of the force transmission element, are configured to transmit tension from the connector element to the bearing element. The connector element is preferably arranged on the upper belt, in particular on the inner upper side of the upper belt. The bearing element is preferably arranged on the lower belt, in particular on the lower outer side of the lower belt. Furthermore, the upper and lower belts are preferably arranged coaxially with respect to each other, in particular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the annular bracket. The lower belt preferably has a larger or smaller outer diameter and / or a larger or smaller inner diameter than the upper belt.

[0047] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the annular force transmission element has an inner web and / or an outer web.

[0048] The inner and / or outer webs, possibly together with further elements of the force transmission elements, are configured to transmit tension forces from the connector elements to the bearing elements. The connector elements are preferably arranged on the inner webs, in particular on the inner upper side of the inner web. The bearing elements are preferably arranged on the outer webs, in particular on the lower outer side of the outer web.

[0049] One advantage of this is that a lightweight and at the same time torsionally rigid annular bracket for external tensioning of a hybrid tower can be manufactured and assembled with low complexity using inner webs and / or outer webs and / or upper belts and / or lower belts.

[0050] The inner web is preferably radially disposed within the outer web. Furthermore, the inner and outer webs are preferably coaxially disposed relative to one another, and in particular relative to the longitudinal axis of the annular bracket. The outer web preferably has a larger outer diameter and / or a larger inner diameter than the inner web.

[0051] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the connector elements are arranged on the upper belt and / or on the inner web and / or on the outer web.

[0052] The connector elements are preferably arranged at the inner ends of the upper belts and / or the upper ends of the inner webs, and the bearing elements are preferably arranged at the lower ends of the inner webs and / or the lower ends of the outer webs and / or the outer ends of the lower belts.

[0053] The upper belt and / or the lower belt and / or the inner web and / or the outer web and / or the bearing elements and / or the connector elements are preferably connected to one another in an integrally joined manner, in particular by welding and / or adhesive bonding and / or in a non-positive locking manner, in particular by screwing and / or in a positive locking manner, in particular in the form of a plug-in connection. The upper belt and / or the lower belt and / or the inner web and / or the outer web and / or the bearing elements and / or the connector elements may also be of one-piece construction.

[0054] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the bearing element is configured as an extension of the outer web and / or an extension of the lower outer edge of the inner web.

[0055] The bearing elements are preferably configured as protrusions of the outer web, which protrude downwardly beyond the lower belt. Furthermore, the bearing elements are preferably configured as protrusions of the inner web, which protrude downwardly beyond the lower belt and / or protrude radially outward beyond the outer web. Furthermore, the protrusions of the outer web and / or inner web may preferably be continuous, angularly spaced apart.

[0056] The protrusions are preferably connected to the outer web and / or the inner web and / or the lower belt in an integrally joined manner, and furthermore, the protrusions are preferably an integral part of the outer web and / or the inner web and / or the lower belt.

[0057] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the inner web and / or the outer web and / or the upper belt and / or the lower belt and / or the bearing element have a flat extent in the plane of extent. In the case of a flat extent, the dimensions of each element in the plane of extent are several times larger than in the direction perpendicular to it. The plane of extent can be flat, i.e., non-curved. The plane of extent can also be curved in one or more directions, preferably with a radius of curvature.

[0058] For example, the extension plane of the bearing element may be curved, in particular with a radius of curvature substantially corresponding to the outer radius of the annular bracket, and / or with a circumferential orientation. The inner and / or outer webs also preferably have curved extension planes, which may be arranged coaxially with respect to one another. The extension planes of the bearing element and / or the inner and / or outer webs may extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis or may be inclined with respect to the latter.

[0059] The upper and / or lower belt preferably has a flat spreading plane which is preferably oriented horizontally or can be inclined relative to the horizontal, the spreading planes of the upper and lower belts being preferably arranged substantially parallel to each other or inclined relative to each other.

[0060] It may also be preferable to provide a plurality of inner webs and / or a plurality of outer webs. Here, it may also be preferable for the extension plane of the inner webs and / or the outer webs to extend in each case in a plane defined by the longitudinal axis and the radius. The inner webs and / or the outer webs are preferably spaced apart from one another, in particular equidistantly and / or circumferentially distributed. The webs have the advantage, inter alia, of improving load introduction and / or preventing belt buckling. The number of webs is preferably selected depending on the tension elements, in particular their number and / or spacing.

[0061] Furthermore, it is preferred that the spreading planes of the upper belt and / or lower belt and / or inner web and / or outer web slope downwards or upwards from their respective radially inner ends to their respective radially outer ends.

[0062] Furthermore, the spreading plane of the inner web and / or the spreading plane of the outer web is preferably arranged perpendicular to the spreading plane of the upper belt and / or the spreading plane of the lower belt.

[0063] In particular, the respective spreading planes of the upper belt and / or the lower belt and / or the inner web and / or the outer web and / or the bearing elements are arranged inclined relative to each other and / or relative to the horizontal and / or longitudinal axis by at least or at most 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 60° or 90°.

[0064] A first direction in the extension plane in which the extension of the element is several times greater than a second direction in the extension plane, in particular perpendicular to the first direction, can also be called the main direction of extension of the element.

[0065] The upper and / or lower belts and / or bearing elements preferably have a main direction of extension in the circumferential direction, and the extent of the upper and / or lower belts and / or bearing elements in the main direction of extension in the extension plane is preferably several times greater than the extent of the upper and / or lower belts and / or bearing elements in the extension plane perpendicular to the main direction of extension, in particular in the radial direction.

[0066] The inner and / or outer webs may have a main direction of extension in the circumferential direction, in particular if annular inner and / or outer webs are provided. The extent of the inner and / or outer webs in the main direction of extension in the extension plane in the main direction of extension is preferably several times greater than the extent of the inner and / or outer webs in the extension plane perpendicular to the main direction of extension, in particular in the longitudinal direction.

[0067] Below, several further preferred embodiments are described, particularly with regard to the arrangement of the inner and / or outer webs relative to the upper and / or lower belts.

[0068] The inner web preferably extends from the inner edge of the upper belt to the inner edge of the lower belt. The inner web can also extend from the inner edge of the upper belt to the outer edge of the lower belt. Furthermore, the inner web preferably extends from the outer edge of the upper belt to the inner edge of the lower belt.

[0069] The outer web preferably extends from the outer edge of the upper belt to the outer edge of the lower belt, and may also extend from the outer edge of the upper belt to the inner edge of the lower belt, and preferably extends from the inner edge of the upper belt to the outer edge of the lower belt.

[0070] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket it is provided that the inner web and / or the outer web and / or the upper belt and / or the lower belt and / or the bearing element have a framework structure with one or more recesses.

[0071] The framework structure comprises one or more recesses, which may be, for example, circular, oval or polygonal, in particular triangular, rectangular or multi-sided, with rounded corners. The framework structure is preferably arranged in the extension plane of the inner web and / or outer web and / or lower belt and / or upper belt, so that the tension induced by the tension element can be transmitted from the connector element to the bearing element. Furthermore, the recesses of the framework structure in the extension plane of the webs and / or outer web and / or lower belt and / or upper belt and / or bearing element are preferably arranged in parts of the extension plane where the force flow is low. The recesses are preferably not arranged in the areas of force introduction and force output.

[0072] A further advantage of this is that the flattening of the spreading planes of the inner and / or outer webs and / or upper and / or lower belts and / or bearing elements constituted by the framework structure allows saving of material and weight, thus ultimately reducing costs. Furthermore, said frame structure advantageously facilitates both the transportation and the assembly of the annular bracket.

[0073] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the inner web and / or the outer web and / or the upper belt and / or the lower belt have through openings for passing tension elements.

[0074] The through openings for passing the tension elements are preferably arranged at a distance from the longitudinal axis so that the tension elements can be guided away from or adjacent to the tower segments, in particular so that they do not have to be guided through the tower segments.Furthermore, the through openings for passing the tension elements are preferably arranged at a distance from the longitudinal axis so that the tension elements can be guided and positioned inside the tower.

[0075] The through openings for passing the tension elements are preferably spaced from the longitudinal axis at least to the radius of the inner end of the inner and / or outer web and at most to the radius of the inner end of the upper and / or lower tower segment.

[0076] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the annular force transmission element includes a bracket thrust latch arrangement for engaging the upper and / or lower tower segment thrust latch arrangements.

[0077] The bracket thrust latch arrangement is preferably disposed substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis and / or configured to engage with the upper and / or lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement to absorb radially and / or tangentially acting forces, such that relative radial and / or tangential movement between the annular bracket and / or the lower tower segment and / or the upper tower segment is preferably prevented or reduced.

[0078] The bracket thrust latch arrangement preferably comprises a thrust latch recess and / or a thrust latch protrusion. The bracket thrust latch arrangement is preferably configured to engage with the upper and / or lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement into a positive locking and / or non-positive and / or integrally joined connection. In particular, the bracket thrust latch arrangement is configured to engage with the upper and / or lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement into a removable or non-removable connection.

[0079] The thrust latch protrusion is preferably configured as a cylindrical and / or conical protrusion, and particularly preferably comprises a pin, mandrel, or cam. Furthermore, the thrust latch protrusion is preferably configured to be received by a thrust latch recess of the tower segment thrust latch arrangement. Furthermore, the thrust latch recess of the bracket thrust latch device is preferably configured to receive the thrust latch protrusion of the tower segment thrust latch device, preferably a pin, mandrel, or cam. The bracket thrust latch arrangement can be configured as a wave-shaped and / or toothed profile, and in the case of a toothed profile, it can include, for example, triangular or rectangular teeth.

[0080] Furthermore, the bracket thrust latch arrangement preferably comprises a plurality of thrust latch protrusions and / or thrust latch recesses, which are preferably equidistantly spaced and / or circumferentially distributed, the number of thrust latch protrusions and / or thrust latch recesses preferably being selected depending on the tension elements, in particular their number and / or spacing.

[0081] The bracket thrust latch arrangement is preferably spaced from the longitudinal axis no more than the outer diameter of the tower segment and / or no more than the inner diameter of the tower segment.

[0082] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the force transmission element is of one piece construction or comprises multiple bracket segments.

[0083] The force transmission element for transmitting tension forces from the connector element to the bearing element may be of one piece construction.

[0084] However, the force transmission element for transmitting the tension force from the connector element to the bearing element can also have a plurality of bracket segments, preferably in the form of ring segments in each case, which allows for simple and fast transport and relatively easy and retrospective assembly, for example by providing the bracket segments through a tower door.

[0085] The bracket segments can be connected to one another to form an annular bracket. The connection can be removable or non-removable. The connection can be realized in a non-positive manner, such as a threaded connection, and / or in an integrally joined manner, such as a welded connection, and / or as a positive locking connection.

[0086] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the bracket segments at least at one circumferential end have a connecting arrangement for connecting the bracket segments between each other.

[0087] The bracket segments are preferably connected to form an annular bracket by a connecting arrangement shown at least on one end side in the circumferential direction. The connecting arrangement may be arranged substantially perpendicular to the circumferential direction. The connecting arrangement preferably includes a first and / or a second fastening element, which may be configured as a bolt and / or a rivet and / or a screw. In particular, the connecting arrangement includes a pressure pad as the first fastening element and a shearing perforation connection as the second fastening element.

[0088] The bracket segments preferably have interfaces through which they can be connected to one another to form the annular bracket. The interfaces can be oriented substantially perpendicular to the circumferential direction.

[0089] In a further preferred embodiment of the annular bracket, the annular bracket, in particular the inner webs and / or outer webs and / or upper belts and / or lower belts and / or connector elements and / or bearing elements and / or bracket thrust latch arrangements, consist of steel, preferably structural steel, or cast iron, or concrete, preferably reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete.The annular bracket, in particular the inner webs and / or outer webs and / or upper belts and / or lower belts and / or connector elements and / or bearing elements and / or bracket thrust latch arrangements, can also comprise steel, preferably structural steel, and / or cast iron and / or concrete, preferably reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete.

[0090] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the object stated at the outset is achieved by an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower of a wind power installation, which system comprises the above-mentioned annular bracket and a tensioning element provided at one end with a connector head for transmitting tension to the connector element and at a second end with a brace for transmitting tension to the lower tower segment.

[0091] Preferably, the connector head of the tension element is configured to be connected to the connector element of the annular bracket. The connection can be detachable or non-detachable. In particular, the connection can be non-positive and / or positive locking and / or integrally joined. Furthermore, the brace is preferably configured to fasten to the tower segment, in particular the lower tower segment, and the fastening can be detachable or non-detachable. In particular, the connection can be non-positive and / or positive locking and / or integrally joined.

[0092] According to a further aspect of the invention, the initially stated object is achieved by a tower section of a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower for a wind power installation, which tower section comprises an upper tower segment with a radially inward shoulder, an annular bracket of the above-mentioned external tensioning system arranged on the inner shoulder of the upper tower segment, and a lower tower segment arranged below the upper tower segment and on which tension elements are arranged by braces of the external tensioning system.

[0093] The annular bracket preferably transmits tension forces introduced into the connector element via the bearing element to the radially inward shoulder of the upper tower segment and the lower tower segment. The tension elements are preferably fixed to the lower tower segment and / or tower section via braces for external tensioning of the lower tower segment and / or tower section. The braces are preferably removably fixed to the lower tower segment and / or tower section, for example by threaded connections, for external tensioning of the lower tower segment and / or tower section.

[0094] The radially inward shoulder of the upper tower segment preferably has an outer diameter identical to the outer diameter of the upper outer edge of the lower tower segment located immediately below it, and / or an inner diameter identical to the inner diameter of the upper inner edge of the lower tower segment located immediately below it.

[0095] In a further preferred embodiment of the tower section of the hybrid tower, it is provided that at least one further tower segment is arranged between the upper tower segment and the lower tower segment provided with a brace.

[0096] In one preferred variant of the embodiment, at least one further tower segment is arranged between the upper tower segment and the lower tower segment connected to the brace, in this way the tower segment arranged between the upper tower segment and the lower tower segment connected to the brace can be prestressed by an external tensioning system.

[0097] In a further preferred embodiment of the tower section of the hybrid tower, the lower tower segment with the brace is preferably the lowest tower segment configured for connection to the tower foundation.

[0098] In one preferred variant of the above embodiment, the lower tower segment connected to the brace is the lowest tower segment fixed to the tower foundation.

[0099] In further preferred embodiments of the tower sections of the hybrid tower, the upper tower segment includes an upper tower segment thrust latch arrangement and / or the lower tower segment includes a lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement, the upper tower segment thrust latch arrangement configured to engage with the bracket thrust latch arrangement and / or to engage with the lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement, and / or the lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement configured to engage with the bracket thrust latch arrangement and / or to engage with the upper tower segment thrust latch arrangement.

[0100] The upper tower segment thrust latch arrangement is preferably configured to engage with the lower tower segment thrust latch device and / or bracket thrust latch device to receive radially and tangentially acting forces such that relative radial and / or tangential movement between the annular bracket and / or lower tower segment and / or upper tower segment is prevented.

[0101] The lower tower segment thrust latch device is preferably configured to engage with the upper tower segment thrust latch device and / or the bracket thrust latch device to receive radially and / or tangentially acting forces, such that relative radial and / or tangential movement between the annular bracket and / or the lower tower segment and / or the upper tower segment can be preferably prevented or reduced.

[0102] The upper tower segment thrust latch arrangement and / or the lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement preferably comprises a thrust latch recess and / or a thrust latch protrusion. The lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement preferably can be positive locking and / or non-positive and / or integrally bonded to engage with the bracket thrust latch arrangement and / or can be connected to the upper tower segment thrust latch arrangement. The upper tower segment thrust latch arrangement preferably can be positive locking and / or non-positive and / or integrally bonded to engage with the bracket thrust latch arrangement and / or the lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement.

[0103] The upper tower segment thrust latch arrangement and / or the lower tower segment thrust latch arrangement are preferably configured as a wave profile and / or a toothed profile, where the toothed profile may include, for example, triangular or rectangular teeth.

[0104] According to a further aspect of the invention, the object stated at the beginning is achieved by a hybrid tower, preferably a hybrid tower for a wind power installation, comprising a tower section as described above.

[0105] According to a further aspect of the invention, the object stated at the beginning is achieved by a wind power installation comprising a hybrid tower as described above.

[0106] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the initially stated object is achieved by a method for assembling an external tensioning system, preferably for a hybrid tower of a wind power installation, the method comprising providing an external tensioning system, assembling the external tensioning system, placing an annular bracket together with a bearing element of the external tensioning system on an internal shoulder of the upper tower segment and / or fastening the annular bracket together with the bearing element of the external tensioning system on an internal shoulder of the upper tower segment, placing a tension element together with a connector head of the external tensioning system on a connector element of the annular bracket and / or fastening the tension element together with the connector head of the external tensioning system to the connector element of the annular bracket, placing the tension element on a lower tower segment by a brace of the external tensioning system and / or fastening the tension element on a lower tower segment by a brace of the external tensioning system.

[0107] The method for assembling an external tensioning system for a hybrid tower is suitable for both initial assembly and retrofitting, i.e., retrospective assembly, to an existing hybrid tower. Assembly of the external tensioning system includes assembling the bracket segments to form the annular bracket, particularly in the case of an annular bracket comprising multiple bracket segments. In a particularly preferred method, the method for assembling the external tensioning system includes assembling the bracket segments within the tower.

[0108] For advantages, design variations and design details of further aspects of the invention, as well as their respective developments, reference is made to the descriptions of the corresponding features in the other aspects above.

[0109] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0110] [Figure 1] 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a wind power plant; [Figure 2] FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional cross-section of an external tensioning system attached to a hybrid tower. [Figure 3] 3 shows a three-dimensional view of a portion of the annular bracket of the external tensioning system according to FIG. 2; [Figure 4] FIG. 3 shows a further three-dimensional view of a portion of the annular bracket of the external tensioning system according to FIG. 2 (detail A). [Figure 5] FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional view of the brace of the external tensioning system according to FIG. 2 (detail B). [Figure 6] 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an annular bracket having a thrust latch configuration. [Figure 7] 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of a further embodiment of an annular bracket. [Figure 8] 10A and 10B show three-dimensional views of bracket segments of a further embodiment of an annular bracket. [Figure 9] 8 shows a three-dimensional partial view of the bracket segment according to FIG. 7. [Figure 10] 8 shows a further three-dimensional partial view of the bracket segment according to FIG. 7. [Figure 11] 8 shows a further three-dimensional partial view of the bracket segment according to FIG. 7. [Figure 12] 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of a further annular bracket. [Figure 13A] 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of an annular bracket. [Figure 13B] 13B shows an enlarged view of detail A according to FIG. 13A. [Figure 13C] 13B shows a plan view of the annular bracket according to FIG. 13A. [Figure 13D] 13B shows a cross-sectional view along section BB in FIG. 13A. [Figure 13E] 13C and 13D are cross-sectional views taken along section AA. [Figure 13F] This shows a view seen in the Y direction of FIG. 13C. [Figure 13G] 13D shows an enlarged view of a detail of the connector element according to FIG. 13C. [Figure 13H]This shows a view in the Z direction of FIG. 13D. [Figure 13I] 1 shows a detailed view of the inner web. [Figure 13J] 10 shows a detailed view of the reinforcing means. [Figure 13K] 13I shows the reinforcement means of FIG. 13I in an installed state.

[0111] In the drawings, identical or substantially functionally identical or functionally similar elements are indicated by the same reference numerals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0112] FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a wind power plant according to the present invention. The wind power plant 100 includes a tower 102 and a nacelle 104 mounted on the tower 102. The nacelle 104 includes an aerodynamic rotor 106 having three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110. During operation of the wind power plant, the aerodynamic rotor 106 is driven into rotational motion by wind, thereby also driving an electrodynamic rotor or runner of a generator connected directly or indirectly to the aerodynamic rotor 106. The generator is disposed within the nacelle 104 and generates electrical energy. The pitch angle of the rotor blades 108 can be changed by a pitch motor on the rotor blade root 108b of each rotor blade 108. The tower 102 of the wind power plant 100 includes an annular bracket as part of the external tensioning system described herein.

[0113] 2 shows a tower section of a tower having an upper tower segment 103a and lower tower segments 103b, 104b, 105b disposed longitudinally below it and substantially longitudinally braced via an external tensioning system 20. The external tensioning system 20 has an annular bracket 200 shown in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 4. On the annular bracket 200 is a tension element 204 having a connector head 204a at a first end for transmitting tension to the annular bracket 200 and a brace 204b for transmitting tension to the lower tower segment (here, tower segment 105b).

[0114] 3 and 4, the annular bracket 200 of the external tensioning system 20 is arranged and / or fixed to the upper side of the inwardly directed shoulder 113a of the upper tower segment 103a. Via the underside of the inwardly directed shoulder 113a of the upper tower segment 103a, the upper tower segment 103a is arranged on the lower tower segment 103b. In the design variant shown in FIG. 2, a third lower tower segment 105b, arranged below the upper tower segment 103a, is connected to the tension element 204 via a brace 204b, thus prestressing the further tower segments 103b, 104b. The upper tower segment 103a is made of steel. The lower tower segments 103b, 104b, 105b are made of concrete, preferably prestressed and / or reinforced concrete.

[0115] At its first, upper end, the tension element 204 is connected to the connector element 202 of the external tensioning system 20 via a connector head 204a. The connector head 204a of the tension element 204 comprises a threaded connection, for example, consisting of a threaded rod and a nut. At its second, lower end, the tension element 204 is connected to the lower tower segment 105b or its inner wall via a brace 204b, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 5. In the illustrated design variant, the tension element 204 comprises at its lower end, in the region of the brace 204b, a threaded rod which is screwed into steel rails 230a, 230b fixed to the inner wall of the tower segment 105b. The steel rails 230a, 230b are preferably screwed to the tower segment 105b or fixed, for example, by a plug-through brace on the tower segment 105b. Additionally and / or alternatively, tension element 204 may be secured to any other desired lower tower segment and / or to the foundation of tower 102. In the design variation shown in Figure 2, tension element 204 is positioned substantially parallel to the interior wall of the lower tower segment within the tower.

[0116] For fixing, the tension element 204 is braced, for example, by a nut that is screwed onto a screw and rests on the upper side of the connector element 202. The tension on the tension element can be set, for example, by means of a torque wrench. Via the connector head 204a and the brace 204b of the tension element 204, the tension is transmitted to the upper tower segment 103a and the tower segment 105b or the foundation, bracing the lower tower segments 103b, 104b arranged therebetween.

[0117] The tension elements 204 and their associated connector elements 202 are circumferentially spaced equidistant from one another.

[0118] As can also be seen in particular in Figure 3, the annular bracket 200 can comprise multiple bracket segments 200a. Figure 7 shows a cross section of a portion of a further embodiment of an annular bracket 1200. The two annular brackets 200, 1200 have annular force transmission elements 210, 1210 comprising upper belts 212, 1212, lower belts 214, 1214, and outer webs 218, 1218 with inner webs 216, 1216, along with connector elements 202, 1202 and bearing elements 206, 1206.

[0119] In the two variations shown in Figures 3 and 7, the upper belt 212, 1212 is connected at its inner end to the inner upper end of the inner web 216, 1216. Furthermore, the upper belt 212, 1212 is connected at its outer end to the upper end of the outer web 218, 1218. The inner web 216, 1216 is connected to the lower end of the outer web 218, 1218 via its lower outer end. In particular, the lower outer ends of the inner webs 216, 1216 are connected in the lower half of the longitudinal extension plane of the outer webs 218, 1218. Furthermore, the lower outer ends of the inner webs 216, 1216 are connected to the outer ends of the lower belts 214, 1214. The upper belts 212, 1212 and / or the inner webs 216, 1216 and / or the outer webs 218, 1218 and / or the lower belts 214, 1214 are preferably connected to one another in an integrally joined manner.

[0120] The upper belt 212, 1212, the lower belt 214, 1214, the inner web 216, 1216, the outer web 218, 1218, and the bearing element 206, 1206 each have a flat extension in the extension plane. The upper belt 212, 1212 and the lower belt 214, 1214 have flat extension planes that are horizontally oriented. The extension planes of the upper belt 212, 1212 and the lower belt 214, 1214 are substantially parallel.

[0121] The planes of extension of the bearing elements 206, 1206 and the inner and outer webs 216, 1216, 218, are circumferentially oriented, curved, and coaxially arranged relative to one another. The planes of extension of the bearing elements 206, 1206 extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis.

[0122] In Figure 3, the extension plane of the outer web 218 also extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, while the extension plane of the inner web 216 extends at an angle to the longitudinal axis. In Figure 7, the extension planes of the inner web 1216 and the outer web 1218 extend at an angle to the longitudinal axis.

[0123] The upper belt 212, 1212 and the lower belt 214, 1214 and the bearing elements 206, 1206 have a main direction of extension in the circumferential direction. In Figures 3 and 7, the inner web 216, 1216 and the outer web 218, 1218 also have a main direction of extension in the circumferential direction and are configured as annular webs.

[0124] The extent in the main direction of extension in the extension plane of the upper belts 212, 1212 and the lower belts 214, 1214 is several times greater than the extent in the radial direction perpendicular to the main direction of extension in the extension plane of the upper belts 212, 1212 and the lower belts 214, 1214.

[0125] The extent of the bearing elements 206, 1206 in their main direction of extension in the plane of extension is several times greater than their longitudinal extent perpendicular to the main direction of extension in the plane of extension of the bearing elements 206, 1206.

[0126] 2 and 3, the inner webs 216, 1216 extend from the inner ends of the upper belts 212, 1212 to the outer ends of the lower belts 214, 1214. The outer webs 218, 1218 extend from the outer ends of the upper belts 212, 1212 to the outer ends of the lower belts 214, 1214.

[0127] According to FIG. 7, the inner web 1216 has a through opening 1216a for passing the tension element 1204 therethrough.

[0128] According to Fig. 3, the inner web 216 is arranged at an acute oblique angle to the inner wall and / or longitudinal axis of the upper tower segment 103a. In Fig. 3, the outer web 218 is arranged with its planar extent in an extension plane substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis and / or substantially parallel to the inner wall of the upper tower segment 103a. In Fig. 7, the outer web 1218 is arranged with its planar extent in an extension plane substantially non-parallel to the longitudinal axis and / or is arranged substantially non-parallel to the inner wall of the upper tower segment in the installed state.

[0129] 3 and 7 further show bearing elements 206, 1206 extending substantially longitudinally and circumferentially connected via their upper ends to the outer ends of the lower belts 214, 1214. Furthermore, in FIG. 3, the protruding portions of the outer webs 218 that protrude longitudinally downward beyond the lower belts 214 constitute the bearing elements 206.

[0130] FIG. 3 shows an annular bracket 200 comprising a plurality of bracket segments 200a for transport and / or assembly purposes. The bracket segments 200a are connected to one another by a connecting arrangement 220. The connecting arrangement 220 comprises a first fastening element 220a and a second fastening element 220b. The first fastening element 220a is a pressure pad circumferentially arranged on the end of the bracket segment 200a and configured with radial and longitudinal flanges. The pressure pad 220a is preferably connected to the upper belt 212 in an integrally joined manner. The second fastening element 220b is preferably a shear-perforated connection circumferentially arranged on the bracket segment 200a and extending substantially circumferentially. The shear-perforated connection 220b is preferably detachably connected to the lower belt 214, for example by a threaded connection.

[0131] 3 further shows a connector element 202 disposed on the upper belt 212 and fastened to the upper belt 212 via a connector piece 220a. In this specification, in particular, connector element 202 is understood to mean a location (such as a through opening) on ​​a possibly larger overall element, at which a tension element is connected.

[0132] The connector element 202 is spaced from the longitudinal axis such that the spacing is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper belt 212 and / or the inner diameter of the inner edge of the inward shoulder 113a of the upper tower segment 103a and / or the inner diameter of the inner edge of the lower tower segment 103b.

[0133] 7 shows a connector element 1202 disposed on the upper belt 1212 and having a through opening for the tension element 1204, the through opening being configured in a substantially longitudinal direction, wherein the tension element 1204 can be positioned and / or secured by its connector head 1204a within the through opening of the connector element 1202. The through opening of the connector element 1202 for the tension element 1204 is radially spaced from the annular bracket 1200 so as to be smaller than the inner diameter of the inner edge of the upper and / or lower tower segment, but between the outer diameter and inner diameter of the upper belt 1212.

[0134] The through opening in the inner web 1216 for the tension element 1204 is radially spaced from the annular bracket 1200 so as to be smaller than the smallest inner diameter of the upper and / or lower tower segment, but between the outer and inner diameters of the inner web 1216.

[0135] FIG. 6 shows a detail of one embodiment of an annular bracket 200′ similar to the annular bracket 200 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The annular bracket 200′ has an upper belt 212′, a connector element 202′, an outer web 218′, an inner web 216′, and a bearing element 206′. However, unlike the annular bracket 200 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the annular bracket 200′ according to FIG. 6 does not have a lower belt. However, the annular bracket 200′ shown in FIG. 6 has a thrust latch configuration. Here, the annular bracket 200′ configures the thrust mandrel 224a as a longitudinal bracket thrust latch configuration in the region of the bearing element 206′. The tower segment thrust latch arrangement of the upper tower segment 103a is configured as a through opening 224b, and the tower segment thrust latch arrangement of the lower tower segment 103b is configured as a blind bore 224c, with the bore and opening in each case receiving the thrust mandrel 224a of the bracket thrust latch arrangement. The thrust latch arrangements secure the arrangements of the lower tower segment 103b, the upper tower segment 103a, and the annular bracket 200' in a defined angular position relative to one another. Furthermore, the thrust latch arrangements prevent or reduce relative radial and / or tangential movement between the lower tower segment 103b and / or the upper tower segment 103a and / or the annular bracket 200'.

[0136] Figure 8 shows a three-dimensional view of a bracket segment 2200a of a further embodiment of an annular bracket, and Figures 9 to 11 show further three-dimensional partial views thereof. Multiple bracket segments 2200a shown in Figure 8 can be assembled to form an annular bracket.

[0137] The bracket segment 2200a has an upper belt 2212 with a connector element 2202 in the form of a recess, a lower belt 2214, an outer web 2218, and a bearing element 2206. Unlike the previous embodiment, the bracket segment 2200a has a plurality of inner webs 2216.

[0138] The upper belt 2212, inner web 2216, outer web 2218, and lower belt 2214 are preferably connected to one another in an integrally joined manner.

[0139] The upper belt 2212 and / or the lower belt 2214 have a substantially horizontal flat extent in their respective planes of extent, which are arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The inner web 2216 has a flat extent in one of its planes of extent, which is arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis LA of the annular bracket 2200 and radially relative to the latter. The outer web 2218 preferably has its flat extent arranged in a plane of extent substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis and / or substantially parallel to the inner wall of the upper tower segment 103a.

[0140] The inner webs 2216 are preferably arranged equidistant from one another in the circumferential direction. The inner webs 2216 are preferably arranged in the tension introduction area, i.e., in the area of ​​the connector elements 2202. The inner webs are preferably arranged transversely, i.e., tangentially, to the circumferential direction, adjacent the connector elements 2202, in particular between the underside of the upper belt 2212 and the above of the lower belt 2214.

[0141] At its end, the bracket segment 2200a has a connecting arrangement 2220 in the circumferential direction, including a first fastening element 2220a arranged at the top of the end side of the upper belt 2212 and / or the end side of the outer web 2218, and / or a second fastening element 2220b arranged at the bottom of the end side of the lower belt 2214 and / or the end side of the outer web 2218. The connecting arrangement 2220 preferably comprises the first fastening element 2220a and the second fastening element 2220b as flanges for further end connecting the bracket segment 2200a in the circumferential direction.

[0142] The bearing elements 2206 of the bracket segment 2200a are not circumferentially continuous, as shown in other embodiments. Rather, an annular bracket formed from multiple bracket segments 2200a has multiple bearing elements 2206 spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. The bearing elements 2206 extend substantially in the main direction of radial expansion, and the bearing elements 2206 are disposed in a direction substantially transverse to the circumferential direction of the underside of the lower belt 2214. The bearing elements 2206 are preferably integral with the second fastening element 2220b. Furthermore, the protrusions of the second fastening element 2220b that extend longitudinally downward beyond the lower belt 2214 are the bearing elements 2206. The bearing elements 2206 are preferably disposed equidistant from one another in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, the bearing elements 2206 are preferably disposed circumferentially in the tension introduction area, i.e., the connector element 2202. If the bearing element 2206 is configured together with the second fastening element 2220b and / or if the second fastening element 2220b is also configured as a bearing element, the annular bracket preferably has the bearing element 2206 in the area of ​​the respective connection arrangement 2220.

[0143] 12 shows an annular bracket 3200, preferably made of prestressed and / or reinforced concrete, arranged above the inward shoulder 113a of the upper tower segment 103a. For transport and / or assembly reasons, the annular bracket 3200 comprises a number of bracket segments 3200a. The bracket segments 3200a are preferably connected to one another in a positive-locking and / or non-positive manner, for example by plug-in and / or screw connections.

[0144] The design variation of the annular bracket 3200 shown in FIG. 12 or the bracket segment 3200a shown therein integrally comprises both a connector element 3202 and a bearing element 3206. The connector element 3202 is configured as a through opening disposed substantially longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis for receiving the tension element 3204, the connector element 3202 being spaced from the longitudinal axis by a distance greater than the inner diameter of the annular bracket 3200 and less than the inner diameter of the inward shoulder 113a of the upper tower segment 103a and / or the inner edge of the lower tower segment 103b. The bearing element 3206 is preferably integrally configured as a step and / or protrusion on the annular bracket 3200 or bracket segment 3200a substantially longitudinally. Furthermore, the bearing element 3206 extends substantially continuously in the circumferential direction. The bearing element 3206 preferably extends radially and over the outer half, and particularly preferably the outer third, of the annular bracket 3200 or bracket segment 3200a.

[0145] 12 further illustrates a thrust latch arrangement, where the annular bracket 3200 configures the thrust mandrel 3224a as a longitudinal bracket thrust latch arrangement in the region of the bearing element 3206. The tower segment thrust latch arrangement of the upper tower segment 103a is configured as a through opening 3224b, and the tower segment thrust latch arrangement of the lower tower segment 103b is configured as a blind bore 3224c, where the opening 3224b and the bore 3224c in each case receive the thrust mandrel 3224a of the bracket thrust latch arrangement. The thrust latch arrangement ensures the alignment of the lower tower segment 103b, the upper tower segment 103a, and the annular bracket 3200 in a defined angular position relative to one another. Furthermore, the thrust latch arrangement prevents or reduces relative radial and / or tangential movement between the lower tower segment 103b and / or the upper tower segment 103a and / or the annular bracket 3200.

[0146] 13A-13K show a further embodiment of an annular bracket 5200 having four bracket segments 5200a. The annular bracket 5200 has an upper belt 5212 having a connector element 5202 in the form of a recess, a lower belt 5214, an outer web 5218, and a plurality of bearing elements 5206. The connector element 5202 is configured as a through opening disposed substantially longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis for receiving a tension element 5204.

[0147] 8, the annular bracket 5200 has a plurality of inner webs 5216. Said inner webs 5216 are preferably additionally reinforced by reinforcing means 5217.

[0148] The upper belt 5212, inner web 5216, outer web 5218, and lower belt 5214 are preferably connected to one another in an integrally joined manner, for example, by welding.

[0149] The upper belt 5212 and the lower belt 5214 have, in their respective planes of extent, a generally horizontal flat extent that is arranged generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The inner web 5216 has, in one of its planes of extent, a flat extent that is arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis LA of the annular bracket 5200 and radially relative to the latter. The outer web 5218 preferably has its flat extent arranged in a plane of extent that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis and / or substantially parallel to the inner wall of the upper tower segment 103a.

[0150] The annular bracket 5200 has a plurality of connecting features 5220 that serve to connect the bracket segments 5200 a to one another to form the annular bracket 5200 .

[0151] The bearing elements 5206 of the annular bracket 5200 extend substantially in a main direction of radial extent, the bearing elements 5206 being arranged in a direction substantially transverse to the circumferential direction of the underside of the lower belt 5214 .

Claims

1. 1. A tower section of a hybrid tower of a wind power generation facility, comprising: The tower section comprises a tower segment (103) and an annular bracket (200); The tower segment (103) an upper tower segment (103a) having a radially inward shoulder; a lower tower segment (103b) disposed below the upper tower segment (103a), a tension element (204) arranged on the lower tower segment (103b) by a brace (204b) of an external tensioning system (20) and configured to fix the tower section; the annular bracket (200) of the external tensioning system (20) is positioned on the shoulder inside the upper tower segment (103a); The annular bracket (200) is retrofittable to the tower segment (103); The outer diameter of the annular bracket (200) is smaller than the inner diameter of the portion of the upper tower segment (103a) other than the shoulder portion; The annular bracket (200) is a connector element (202) for connecting the tension element (204); a bearing element (206) for transmitting tension to the upper tower segment (103a); an annular force transmission element (210) for transmitting tension between the connector element (202) and the bearing element (206); The bearing element (206) is disposed radially outward of the connector element (202); the outer diameter of the bearing element (206) is greater than the inner diameter of the shoulder of the upper tower segment (103a); Tower section.

2. A hybrid tower of a wind power plant comprising the tower section of claim 1.

3. A wind power generation facility comprising the hybrid tower according to claim 2.

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