Enzyme-enhanced root uptake of pesticide compounds.

Abstract

The claimed invention relates to a method for protecting plants or plant protection materials from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, nematodes and unwanted weeds by treating the roots, shoots, seeds or soil with the use of active compounds in combination with enzymes.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The claimed invention relates to a method for protecting plants or plant protection materials from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, nematodes and unwanted weeds by treating the roots, shoots, seeds or soil with the use of active compounds in combination with enzymes. [Background technology]

[0002] Pesticides, including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, acaricides (or miticides), and plant growth regulators, have been used in the form of, for example, emulsions, wettable powders, granules, dusts, and fluids. Various attempts have been made to achieve maximum pesticide efficiency in these pesticide formulations. However, it has been difficult to enhance the efficiency of pesticides by adjusting the formulation. It is even more difficult to develop new pesticides. Therefore, further enhancing the efficiency of existing pesticides would be of great benefit to the industry.

[0003] Various nitrogen-containing compounds, such as surfactants containing quaternary ammonium salts, betaines, and amine oxides, are known to be substances capable of enhancing the efficiency of pesticides. Among the above-mentioned compounds, quaternized or further polyoxyethylenated long-chain amines are known to be effective for this purpose.

[0004] European Patent Publication No. 0 184,288 discloses the use of esterases, such as lipases, or polysaccharases, such as cellulases, as components of herbicide, insecticide, acaricide and the like compositions.

[0005] European Patent Publication No. 0 272 002 discloses the use of enzymes in combination with pesticides to improve the activity of the pesticides.

[0006] U.S. Patent No. 4,762,547 discloses the effect of enhancing the activity of pesticides in the presence of adjuvants. The effect of surfactants, including nitrogen-containing compounds and enzymes, which can enhance the efficiency of pesticides, is not always satisfactory.

[0007] WO 94 / 13784 relates to the use of an antibacterial composition comprising a synergistic combination of a fungal cell wall degrading enzyme selected from chitinolytic enzymes, glucanolytic enzymes, and cellulases, and a non-enzymatic bactericide selected from sterol synthesis inhibiting bactericides and thiol group inactivating bactericides.

[0008] Pesticides are generally taken up by plants and move within the plant along with water by capillary action through the xylem or phloem. Low water solubility of pesticides can result in low concentration within the plant and therefore low efficacy against pests. Surfactants generally act on the seed cuticle or root cell wall, thus increasing the chances of more molecules entering the plant, but movement within the plant depends on its systemicity. Non-systemic compounds generally have very low water solubility and high lipophilicity (LogP>4). Therefore, even if a non-systemic compound can enter the plant with the help of a surfactant, its upward movement within the plant is limited.

[0009] In general, insecticides with low water solubility have low root uptake following seed treatment.

[0010] Therefore, larger amounts of insecticide are required to achieve control of foliar insects. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the uptake of pesticidal active ingredients via root uptake.

[0012] A further object of the present invention is to significantly reduce the use rate of systemic pesticidal active compounds for seed treatment applications. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] Surprisingly, it has been found that the use of enzymes helps improve penetration of the pesticidal active ingredient through the root / seed cuticle.

[0014] Thus, in a first aspect, the claimed invention provides a composition comprising at least one active compound and with at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of protease, peptidase, cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, chitinase, chitosanase, lipase, cutinase, esterase, and xylanase; The present invention relates to a method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, a method of protection against weeds, comprising application to the plants and / or plant propagation material directly and / or indirectly by drenching the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by immersion, by furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0015] In a second aspect, the claimed invention relates to the use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, or nematodes, or for protection against weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plant and / or plant propagation material by flooding the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by dipping, by furrow application, or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0016] In a third aspect, the claimed invention provides a composition comprising at least one active compound and and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of protease, peptidase, cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, chitinase, chitosanase, lipase, cutinase, esterase, and xylanase; The present invention relates to compositions for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, or for protection against weeds.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, the claimed invention relates to a seed comprising at least one active compound and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of the seed or plant propagation medium.

[0018] In a fifth aspect, the claimed invention relates to a kit of parts comprising as separate components at least one active compound for use in combination with at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] definition Before describing the present compositions and formulations of the present invention, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the compositions and formulations described, as these may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terms used herein are not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present claimed invention will be limited only by the appended claims.

[0020] Hereinafter, when a group is defined as including at least a certain number of embodiments, this preferably also means that the group consists of only those embodiments. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," or "(a)," "(b)," "(c)," "(d)," etc. in the specification or claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and not necessarily to describe a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, and that the embodiments of the invention described herein can operate in other sequences than those described or illustrated herein. When the terms "first," "second," "third," or "(A)," "(B)," and "(C)," or "(a)," "(b)," "(c)," "(d)," "i," "ii," etc., relate to steps in a method, use, or assay, there is no consistency in the times or time intervals between the steps. That is, unless otherwise indicated in the applications described herein above or below, steps may occur simultaneously or there may be time intervals of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or even years between such steps.

[0021] In the following sections, various aspects of the invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect, unless expressly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous.

[0022] References throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the claimed invention. Thus, appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, although they may. Moreover, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, while some embodiments described herein include some features but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features from different embodiments are within the scope of the invention and are meant to form different embodiments. For example, in the appended claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.

[0023] Furthermore, ranges defined throughout this specification are inclusive of the endpoints, i.e., a range from 1 to 10 implies that both 1 and 10 are included within the range. For the avoidance of doubt, the applicant is entitled to any equivalent under applicable law.

[0024] As defined herein, an "pesticidally active compound" is selected from pesticides, safeners, and / or growth regulators. Pesticides are further defined as fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, and herbicides.

[0025] method In one embodiment, the claimed invention comprises at least one active compound, and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases; The present invention relates to a method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, a method of protection against weeds, comprising application to the plants and / or plant propagation material directly and / or indirectly by drenching the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by immersion, by furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0026] In one embodiment of the invention, the insecticide is selected from the group consisting of the following list M of pesticides classified according to the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Mode of Action Classification, which list describes possible combinations with which the compounds of the invention may be used and with which potential synergistic effects may occur: M.1 AChE inhibitors: aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate (f ormetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, triazame triazamate; acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl hyl), coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur,Fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyaphos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate enthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion;

[0027] M.2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: cyclodiene organochlorines: endosulfan, chlordane; phenylpyrazoles: ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole;

[0028] M.3 Sodium channel modulators: pyrethroids: acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin amethrin), empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin,permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin; sodium channel modulators, such as DDT, methoxychlor;

[0029] M.4 nAChR agonists: Neonicotinoids: acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1 -(2-Oxiranylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-amine, (2E)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximidamide; 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; nicotine; sulfoxaflor; Flupyradifurone; triflumezopyrim, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3S)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-3-pyrimidin-5-yl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-6-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-ethyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate;

[0030] M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators: spinosad, spinetoram; M.6 Chloride channel activators: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemectin; M.7 Juvenile hormone mimics: e.g., hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene; fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen; M.8 Other multi-site inhibitors, CH3Br, other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, tartar emetic; M.9 Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators: pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon; M.10 Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin; etoxazole;

[0031] M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus and the insecticidal proteins they produce, such as Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis), Bt crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1; M.12 Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors: diafenthiuron; organotin acaricides, such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, tetradifon; M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by disrupting the proton gradient: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, sulfluramid; M.14 nAChR channel blockers: nereistoxin analogue bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap sodium; M.15 Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors: for example, bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron;

[0032] M.16 Chitin biosynthesis inhibitor type 1: buprofezin; M.17 Molting disruptors: Dipteran, cyromazine; M.18 Ecdysone receptor agonists: for example methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide, chromafenozide; M.19 Octopamine receptor agonists: amitraz; M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors: hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, bifenazate;

[0033] M.21 METI acaricides and insecticides: such as fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad; rotenone; M.22 Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide, N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)-[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)-amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide; M.23 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors: for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat; spiropidione; M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors: e.g., aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, zinc phosphide, cyanide; M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors: for example, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen;

[0034] M.28 Ryanodine receptor modulators: flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole; (R)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, (S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, cyclaniliprole, methyl-2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazoline]-2H-pyrazoline]-2H-pyrazoline N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)amino]-1,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; tetrachlorantraniliprole, N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; cyhalodiamide; M.29: Chordotonal modulators: flonicamid;

[0035] M.UN. Mechanism of action unknown: afidopyropen, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, chinomethionate, cryolite, dichloromezothiazol tiaz), dicofol, dimpropyridaz, flufenerim, flometoquin, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, fluopyram, fluralaner, metaldehyde, metoxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide butoxide), pyflubumide, pyridalyl, tioxazafen, 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-11-en-10-one, 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine, Bacillus firmus Active compounds based on the genus 'firmus' (Votivo, I-1582); flupyrimin; fluazaindolizine, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide; fluxametamide;5-[3-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1H-pyrazole;4-Cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;4-Cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methylbenzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide ]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide;N-[5-[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;N-[5-[[2-Bromo- 6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1- (Trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine;2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine;2-[6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine;N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5, 6,7-Hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine;1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-ol;N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide;N-Cyclopropanol N-Cyclohexyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide;2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide;2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide;2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide N-(2,2-Difluoropropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide;Methyl 2-[[2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]carbonyl]hydrazinecarboxylate;N-[(2,2-Difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide;N-(2,2-Difluoropropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide;

[0036] 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide, tyclopyrazoflor; sarolaner, lotilaner; N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-Ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-Ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; Isocycloseram; N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, N-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; Acynonapyr; Benzpyrimoxan; Tigolaner ;Oxazosulfyl;[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-Dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-Trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazole -3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;(2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one;2-(6-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4, 5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-7-iodo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine fluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-2-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-8-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoro 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine;

[0037] The commercially available compounds M listed above can be found in The Pesticide Manual, 18th Edition, C. MacBean, British Crop Protection Council (2018), or at http: / / bcpcdata.com / pesticide-manual.html, http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides.

[0038] The active compounds listed by IUPAC nomenclature are CN103814937, WO2013 / 003977, WO2007 / 101369, WO2018 / 177970, CN10171577, CN102126994, WO2007 / 101540, WO2007 / 043677, WO2011 / 085575, WO2008 / 134969, WO2012 / 034403, WO2006 / 089633, WO2008 / 067911, WO2006 / 043635, WO2009 / 1 24707, WO2013 / 050317, WO2010 / 060379, WO2010 / 127926, WO2010 / 006713, WO2012 / 000896, WO2007 / 101369, WO2012 / 143317, WO2015 / 038503, EP2910126, WO2015 / 059039, WO2015 / 190316, WO2012 / 126766, WO2009 / 102736, WO2013 / 116053, WO2018 / 052136.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the disinfectant is selected from the group consisting of the following list: A) Respiratory inhibitors Complex III inhibitors at the Qo site: azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxystrobin / flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin strobin), 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb / chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone, methyl-N-[2-[(1,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxylmethyl]phenamidone Nyl]-N-methoxy-carbamate, methyltetrapole, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide, pyriminostrobin, bifujunzhi, 2-(ortho-((2,5-Dimethylphenyl-oxymethylene)phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester; Complex III inhibitors at the Qi site: cyazofamid, amisulbrom, [(6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl]2-methylpropanoate, fenpicoxamid, florylpicoxamid;

[0040] Complex II inhibitors: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isofetamide, isopyrazam , mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, pydiflumetofen, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, inpyrfluxam, pyrapropoyne, fluindapyr fluindapyr, N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, methyl (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methyl-phenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, isoflucipram, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N -[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide;, Other respiratory inhibitors: diflumetorim; nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap, ferimzone; organometallic compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide; ametoctradin; silthiofam;

[0041] B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides) C14 Demethylase Inhibitors: Triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole ole), ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, 2 (2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1 [5 [4 (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1 (1,2,4-triazol-1ylmethyl)cyclopentanol; imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizol; pyrimidines, pyridines, and piperazines: fenarimol, pyrifenox, triforine, [3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol; Delta-14-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine; 3-ketoreductase inhibitors: fenhexamid; Other sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: chlorphenomizole;

[0042] C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors Phenylamide or acylamino acid fungicides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofurace, oxadixyl; Other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-chlorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine;

[0043] D) Cell division and cytoskeleton inhibitors Tubulin inhibitors: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, pyridachlometyl, N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butanamide, N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N(2-fluoroethyl)butanamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N(2-fluoroethyl)butanamide, nolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-propyl-butanamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-N-propyl-acetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-N-propyl-acetamide, 2[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3amine; Other cytostatics: diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriophenone, fenamacril;

[0044] E) Amino acid and protein synthesis inhibitors Methionine synthesis inhibitors: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; Protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline;

[0045] F) Signal transduction inhibitors MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fludioxonil; G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen,

[0046] G) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane; Lipid peroxidation: dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole, zinc thiazole; Phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandipropamid, pyrimorph, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate; Compounds acting on cell membrane permeability and fatty acids: propamocarb; Oxysterol binding protein inhibitors: oxathiapiprolin, fluoxapiprolin, 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]- 4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4[1[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide;

[0047] H) Multisite-acting inhibitors Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; Thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; Organochlorine compounds: anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid; Guanidines and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris (albesilate), dithianon, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone;

[0048] I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Glucan synthesis inhibitors: validamycin, polyoxin B; Melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, dicyclomet, fenoxanil;

[0049] J) Plant defense inducers Acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium; Phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, calcium phosphonate, potassium phosphonate, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, 4-cyclopropyl-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide;

[0050] K) Drugs with unknown mechanism of action Bronopol, chinomethionate, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclocymet, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamine, fenitropan, fenpyrazamine, flumetober, flusulfamide, flutianil, harpin, methasulfocarb, nitrapyrin, nitrotha-isopropyl l-isopropyl), tolprocarb, oxin-copper, proquinazid, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, triazoxide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3 -trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-(5-bromo-6-indan-2-yloxy-2-methyl-3-pyridyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-[5-bromo-6-(4-isopropylcyclohexoxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-phenylethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylform Amidine, N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (pyrisoxazole), 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidine- 3-yl]-pyridine, 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole, ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate (K.1.40), picarbutrazox, pentyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate, but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl) )-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate, ipflufenoquin, quinofumelin, benziothiazolinone, bromothalonil, 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridyl)quinazoline, 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]-quinazoline, dichlorobentiazox, N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, pyrifenamine, fluopimomide, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine.

[0051] The fungicides mentioned above under their common names, their preparation and their activity against, for example, harmful fungi are known (see http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides / ). These substances are commercially available.

[0052] The fungicides mentioned above, their preparation and their activity against, for example, harmful fungi are known (see http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides / ). These substances are commercially available. The compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation, and their pesticidal activity are also known (Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968, EP 141 317, EP 152 031, EP 226 917, EP 243 970, EP 256 503, EP 428 941, EP 532 022, EP 1 028 125, EP 1 035 122, EP 1 201 648, EP 1 122 244, JP 2002316902, DE 19650197, DE 10021412, DE 102005009458, US 3,296,272, US 3,296,272). 3,325,503, WO 98 / 46608, WO 99 / 14187, WO 99 / 24413, WO 99 / 27783, WO 00 / 29404, WO 00 / 46148, WO 00 / 65913, WO 01 / 54501, WO 01 / 56358, WO 02 / 22583, WO 02 / 40431, WO 03 / 10149, WO 03 / 11853, WO 03 / 14103, WO 03 / 16286, WO 03 / 53145, WO 03 / 61388, WO 03 / 66609, WO 03 / 74491, WO 04 / 49804, WO 04 / 83193, WO 05 / 120234, WO 05 / 123689, WO 05 / 123690, WO 05 / 63721, WO 05 / 87772, WO 05 / 87773, WO 06 / 15866, WO 06 / 87325, WO 06 / 87343, WO 07 / 82098, WO 07 / 90624, WO 10 / 139271, WO 11 / 028657, WO 12 / 168188, WO 07 / 006670, WO 11 / 77514, WO 13 / 047749, WO 10 / 069882, WO 13 / 047441, WO 03 / 16303, WO 09 / 90181, WO 13 / 007767, WO 13 / 010862, WO 13 / 127704, WO 13 / 024009, WO 13 / 24010, WO 13 / 047441, WO 13 / 162072, (See WO 13 / 092224, WO 11 / 135833, CN 1907024, CN 1456054, CN 103387541, CN 1309897, WO 12 / 84812, CN 1907024, WO 09094442, WO 14 / 60177, WO 13 / 116251, WO 08 / 013622, WO 15 / 65922, WO 94 / 01546, EP 2865265, WO 07 / 129454, WO 12 / 165511, WO 11 / 081174, WO 13 / 47441.) Some compounds are identified by their CAS Registry Number.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, the herbicide is selected from: Acetamides: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet, mefenacet, metolachlor, metazachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, petoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor, Amino acid derivatives: bilanafos, glyphosate, glufosinate, sulfosate; Aryloxyphenoxypropionates: clodinafop, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P-tefuryl; Bipyridyls: diquat, paraquat; (Thio)carbamates: asulam, butyrate, carbetamide, desmedipham, dimepiperate, eptam (EPTC), esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, phenmedipham, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallate; Cyclohexanediones: butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim; Dinitroanilines: benfluralin, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, trifluralin;

[0054] Diphenyl ethers: acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen; Hydroxybenzonitriles: bomoxynil, dichlobenil, ioxynil; Imidazolinones: imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr; Phenoxyacetic acids: clomeprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop; Pyrazines: chloridazon, flufenpyr-ethyl, fluthiacet, norflurazon, pyridate; Pyridines: aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen, thiazopyr, triclopyr (2-[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid butoxyethyl ester); Sulfonylureas: Amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron-me Metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, tritosulfuron, 1-((2-chloro-6-propyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazin-3-yl)sulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)urea; Triazines: ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn, ethiozin, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine, terbuthylazin, terbutryn, triaziflam;

[0055] Ureas: chlorotoluron, daimuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, tebuthiuron; Other acetolactate synthase inhibitors: bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, orthosulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxycarbazone, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam;

[0056] Others: amicarbazone, aminotriazole, anilofos, beflubutamid, benazolin, bencarbazone, benfluresate, benzofenap, bentazone, benzobicyclon, bicyclopyrone, bromacil, bromobutide, butafenacil Tafenacil, butamifos, cafenstrole, carfentrazone, cinidon-ethyl, chlorthal, cinmethylin, clomazone, cumyluron, cyprosulfamide, dicamba, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, Drechslera monocerasmonoceras, endothal, ethofumesate, etobenzanid, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flumioxazin, flupoxam, flurochloridone, flurtamo Flurtamone, Indanofan, Isoxaben, Isoxaflutole, Lenacil, Propanil, Propyzamide, Quinclorac, Quinmerac, Mesotrione, Methylarsenate, Naptalam, Oxadiargyl , oxadiazon, oxaziclomefone, pentoxazone, pinoxaden, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazoxyfen, pyrazolynate, quinoclamine, Saflufenacil, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, terbacil, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, thiencarbazone, topramezone, (3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-5 ...3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-pyridin-2-yloxy)-acetic acid ethyl ester, 6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl-6-methylphenoxy)-pyridazin-4-ol, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, and 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-3-dimethylamino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pesticide is a systemic pesticide.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pesticide is Fipronil, Clothianidin, Thiamethoxam, Acetamiprid, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Thiacloprid, Flupyradifurone, Sulfoxaflor , Methiocarb, Tefluthrin, Bifenthrin, Cypermethrin, Alphacypermethrin, Spinosad, Cyazypyr, Rynaxapyr, Thiodicarb, Triflumezopyrim (Mesoionic), Acephate, Chlorpyriphos, Broflanilide, Dimpropyridaz. In one embodiment of the present invention, the enzyme is selected from proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, xylanases, and any combination thereof.

[0059] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the enzyme is cutinase.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the biological sources and databases / information sources are shown in Table A below.

[0061] TIFF0007785003000001.tif70168

[0062] In a further embodiment of the invention, the cutinase is cutinase 1 having the following sequence: SEQ ID NO: 1 TIFF0007785003000002.tif30159

[0063] In a further embodiment of the invention, the cutinase is cutinase 2 having the following sequence: SEQ ID NO: 2 TIFF0007785003000003.tif18156TIFF0007785003000004.tif14159

[0064] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the cutinase is cutinase 4 having the following sequence: SEQ ID NO:4 TIFF0007785003000005.tif26157

[0065] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the cutinase is cutinase 9 having the following sequence: SEQ ID NO:9 TIFF0007785003000006.tif32160

[0066] In one embodiment of the invention, a nucleic acid sequence having at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 4, 9.

[0067] In one embodiment of the invention, a nucleic acid sequence having at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85% identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 4, 9.

[0068] In one embodiment of the invention, a nucleic acid sequence having at least 85% identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 4, 9.

[0069] In one embodiment of the invention, a nucleic acid sequence having at least 85% identity to any one of SEQ ID NO:1.

[0070] In one embodiment of the invention, a nucleic acid sequence having at least 85% identity to any one of SEQ ID NO:2.

[0071] In one embodiment of the invention, a nucleic acid sequence having at least 85% identity to any one of SEQ ID NO:4.

[0072] In one embodiment of the invention, a nucleic acid sequence having at least 85% identity to any one of SEQ ID NO:9.

[0073] In one embodiment, the enzyme may be used as a solution or as an immobilized enzyme.

[0074] In a further embodiment, any of the enzymes described herein can be immobilized on a matrix, support, or particle.

[0075] For example, the matrix, support, or particle may comprise activated carbon, bioactivated carbon, nanocarbon, agarose, alginate, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, perlite, silica, plastic, stainless steel, glass, polystyrene, ceramic, dolomite, clay, diatomaceous earth, talc, polymer, gum, water-dispersible material, or any combination thereof.

[0076] Immobilization of an enzyme on a matrix or support can result in a slower release of the enzyme compared to the release rate of the same non-immobilized enzyme under the same conditions.

[0077] use In one embodiment, the claimed invention relates to the use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or for protection against weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by flooding the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by dipping, by furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by inundation of the soil.

[0079] In a further embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drip application to the soil.

[0080] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by injection into the soil.

[0081] In another embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by instillation.

[0082] In a further embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by in-furrow application.

[0083] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied to the plant and / or plant propagation material directly and / or indirectly by treatment of the plant propagation material.

[0084] In another embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by soaking the plant propagation material.

[0085] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one active compound that is a herbicide and at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to plants and / or plant propagation material to kill the plants or inhibit root / shoot growth, which is conducive to pre-emergence or early season herbicide applications.

[0086] The active compounds and enzymes can be applied in granular form as a T-band or in-furrow treatment.

[0087] Granular or liquid T-band applications are placed in front of the furrow closure wheel using a plastic diffuser. Generally, the band coverage pattern is approximately several inches wide over the open furrow.

[0088] In the furrows, the treatment is directed into the open furrows using plastic tubing.

[0089] The liquid formulation is applied as a T-band onto the open furrow.

[0090] For example, seeds are planted using a corn seeder, with a drop nozzle positioned above the seed furrow. The boom can be raised or lowered to change the band width. Flat fan nozzles can also be used, perpendicular to the rows for banding and parallel to the rows for inter-furrow application. The boom is positioned between the furrow cutter and a pressure wheel that directs some (band) or all (inter-furrow) of the spray into the furrow before closing it. When used in inter-furrow applications, the active compound(s) can be applied simultaneously with planting the seeds, e.g., in granular, liquid, or other formulation form. Alternatively, a nozzle can be positioned behind the pressure wheel to spray a liquid formulation containing the active compound(s) over the entire surface.

[0091] The active compounds according to the invention are also suitable for the treatment of seeds to protect the seeds from pests, in particular from soil-dwelling pests, and also to protect the resulting plant roots and shoots from soil pests and foliar insects.

[0092] The active compounds of the present invention are particularly useful for protecting seeds from soil pests, and for protecting the resulting plant roots and shoots from soil pests and foliar insects.Protection of the resulting plant roots and shoots is preferred.Protection of the resulting plant shoots from boring and sucking insects is more preferred, and protection from aphids is most preferred.

[0093] Therefore, the present invention includes a method for protecting seeds from insects, particularly from insects in soil, and a method for protecting the roots and shoots of seedlings from insects, particularly from insects in soil and leaves, which method comprises contacting seeds with the active compound of the present invention before sowing and / or after germination.The method for protecting the roots and shoots of plants is particularly preferred, the method for protecting the shoots of plants from boring and sucking insects is more preferred, and the method for protecting the shoots of plants from aphids is most preferred.

[0094] The term "seed" encompasses all types of seeds and plant propagules, including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruits, tubers, grains, cuttings, cuttings, etc., and in preferred embodiments refers to true seeds.

[0095] The term "seed treatment" includes all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, and seed pelleting.

[0096] The present invention also includes seeds coated with or containing the active compound.

[0097] The terms "coated and / or comprising" generally indicate that the majority of the active ingredient is on the surface of the propagation product at the time of application, although depending on the method of application more or less of the active ingredient may penetrate into the propagation product. When said propagation product is (re)planted, it can absorb the active ingredient.

[0098] crops The present invention relates to a method by application to natural (soil) or artificial (growing) substrates (e.g. rock wool, glass wool, silica sand, gravel, expanded clay, vermiculite) in annual crops (e.g. vegetables, spices, ornamentals) or perennial crops (e.g. citrus fruits, fruits, tropical crops, spices, nuts, grapes, cones, and ornamentals) in open or closed systems (e.g. greenhouses or under mulch films).

[0099] It has now been found that the problems associated with controlling soil-dwelling pests by pesticide treatment of the soil can be overcome by such application methods using the compounds described in this invention.

[0100] Pests, i.e., insects, arachnids, and nematodes, plants, soil or water in which the plants grow, can be contacted with the active compounds described in the present invention by any application method known in the art. Thus, "contacting" includes both direct contact (applying the compound / composition directly to the pest or plant) and indirect contact (applying the compound / composition to the location of the pest or plant). When plants are contacted, typically the tubers, bulbs, or roots of the plants are contacted. The active compounds of the present invention may also be applied to other parts of the plant, for example, leaves in the case of foliar application, or plant propagation materials such as seeds in the case of seed treatment.

[0101] The active compounds described in the present invention or pesticidal compositions containing them can be used to protect growing plants and crops from attack or infestation by pests, particularly insects, mites, or arachnids, by contacting the plants / crops with a pesticidally effective amount of the active compound of the present invention. The term "crop" refers to both growing and harvested crops.

[0102] Thus, for the purposes of the present invention, vegetables are understood to mean, for example, fruit and flower vegetables, such as peppers, chilies, tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini, broad beans, climbing and dwarf beans, peas, artichokes, and corn; leafy vegetables, such as head lettuce, chicory, endive, various types of cress, rocket, radish, iceberg lettuce, leeks, spinach, and chard; tuberous, root, and stem vegetables, such as celery, beetroot, carrots, radishes, horseradish, jasmine, asparagus, beets for human consumption, palm hearts, and bamboo shoots; and bulb vegetables, such as onions, leeks, fennel, and garlic. Brassica vegetables, such as cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, red cabbage, white cabbage, curly cabbage, Savoy cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and Chinese cabbage, are also vegetables within the meaning of the present application.

[0103] For the purposes of this invention, perennial crops are understood to mean citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, tangerines, lemons, limes, bitter oranges, kumquats, and mandarins; pome fruits such as apples, pears, and quince; and stone fruits such as peaches, nectarines, cherries, plums, queso, and apricots. These include grapes, hops, olives, tea, and tropical crops such as mangoes, papayas, figs, pineapples, dates, bananas, durians, persimmons, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, avocados, leeches, passion fruit, and guavas. These also include soft fruits such as currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, cranberries, kiwifruit, and bilberries. Almonds and nuts, such as hazelnuts, walnuts, pistachios, cashews, paranuts, pecans, butternuts, chestnuts, hickory nuts, macadamia nuts, and peanuts, are also fruits within the meaning of the present invention.

[0104] For the purposes of the present invention, ornamental plants are understood to mean annual and perennial crops, such as cut flowers, for example roses, carnations, gerberas, lilies, daisies, chrysanthemums, tulips, daffodils, anemones, poppies, amaryllis, dahlias, azaleas, hibiscus, but also, for example, marginal plants, pot plants, and perennial crops, such as roses, tagetes, violets, geraniums, fuchsias, hibiscus, chrysanthemums, impatiens, cyclamen, African violets, sunflowers, begonias.

[0105] Furthermore, for example shrubs and conifers, such as fig, rhododentrum, fir, spruce, pine, yew, juniper, Japanese pine, oleander.

[0106] In terms of use, spices are understood to mean annual and perennial plants, such as aniseed, chili pepper, paprika, pepper, vanilla, marjoram, thyme, cloves, juniper, cinnamon, tarragon, coriander, saffron, ginger. Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention and compositions containing them are particularly important for controlling many insects on various cultivated plants, such as cereals and oil crops, such as durum wheat and other wheat seeds, barley, oats, rye, corn (fodder corn and sugar corn / sweet corn and fodder corn), soybeans, oil crops, rapeseed, cotton, bananas, rice, rapeseed, turnips, sugar beets, fodder beets, eggplant, potatoes, grasses, turf, turf, fodder, sugarcane, or tobacco.

[0107] The compounds of the invention may be applied prophylactically to a locus where pest infestation is anticipated, where "locus" means a habitat, breeding ground, plant, seed, soil, area, material, or environment where a pest or parasite is growing or may grow.

[0108] The term "plant propagation material" is understood to mean all reproductive parts of plants that can be used for plant propagation, such as seeds and plant material, such as cuttings and tubers (e.g., potatoes). This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts, and other plant parts. It may also include seedlings and young plants that are transplanted after germination or emergence from the soil. These plant propagation materials may be prophylactically treated with a plant protection compound at or before planting or transplanting.

[0109] The term "cultivated plant" should be understood to include plants that have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis, or genetic engineering. Genetically modified plants are plants whose genetic material has been modified through the use of recombinant DNA technology and is not readily obtainable in the wild by cross-breeding, mutation, or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes are incorporated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant to enhance certain plant characteristics. Such genetic modifications also include targeted post-translational modifications of proteins (one or more), (oligopeptides or polypeptides), for example, but not limited to, by glycosylation, or the addition of polymers such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties, or PEG moieties (see, e.g., Biotechnol Prog. 2001 July-August 17(4):720-8; Protein Eng Des Sel. 2004 January 17(1):57-66; Nat Protoc. 2007 2(5):1225-35; Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2006 October 10(5):487-91; Epub 2006 August 28; Biomaterials. 2001 March 22(5):405-17; Bioconjug Chem. (January-February 2005, Vol. 16(1):1, pp. 13-21).

[0110] The term "cultivated plants" refers to plants that, as a result of conventional breeding or genetic engineering methods, have been treated with certain classes of herbicides, such as hydroxylphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors; acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, such as sulfonylureas (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,100, WO 01 / 82685, WO 00 / 26390, WO 97 / 41218, WO 98 / 02526, WO 98 / 02527, WO 04 / 106529, WO 05 / 20673, WO 03 / 14357, WO 03 / 13225, WO 03 / 14356, WO 04 / 16073); or imidazolinones (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,100, WO 01 / 82685, WO 00 / 26390, WO 97 / 41218, WO 98 / 02526, WO 98 / 02527, WO 04 / 106529, WO 05 / 20673, WO 03 / 14357, WO 03 / 13225, WO 03 / 14356, WO 04 / 16073); enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors (such as glyphosate) (see, for example, WO 92 / 00377); glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors (such as glufosinate) (see, for example, EP-A-0242236, EP-A-242246) or oxynil herbicides (see, for example, US (See, e.g., US Pat. No. 5,559,024). Some cultivated plants have been made tolerant to herbicides by conventional breeding methods (mutagenesis); for example, Clearfield® summer rape (Canola) is tolerant to imidazolinones (e.g., imazamox). Using genetic engineering methods, cultivated plants such as soybean, cotton, corn, beets, and rapeseed have been made tolerant to herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate; some such plants are commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® (glyphosate) and LibertyLink® (glufosinate).

[0111] The term "cultivated plant" includes any plant that has been introduced, by use of recombinant DNA technology, into the plant one or more insecticidal proteins, in particular those known to be derived from Bacillus bacteria (especially Bacillus thuringiensis) (α-endotoxins, such as CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c); plant insecticidal proteins (VIPs) (e.g. VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A); insecticidal proteins of nematode-colonizing bacteria (e.g. Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.); spp.); toxins produced by animals (such as scorpion venom, spider venom, bee venom, or other insect-specific neurotoxins); toxins produced by fungi (such as Streptomycetes venom, plant lectins (such as pea lectin or barley lectin); agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors (such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, or papain inhibitors); ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) (such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, ruffin, saporin, or bryodin); steroid metabolic enzymes (such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol It should be understood that the present invention also encompasses plants capable of synthesizing: peroxidase, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase; ion channel blockers (such as sodium channel or calcium channel blockers); juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptor (helicokinin receptor); stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinase or glucanase. In the context of the present invention, these insecticidal proteins or toxins are also expressly understood as pretoxins, hybrid proteins, truncated proteins or modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by novel combinations of protein domains (see, for example, WO 02 / 015701).Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A 374 753, WO 93 / 007278, WO 95 / 34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03 / 18810 and WO 03 / 52073. Methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the above publications. These insecticidal proteins contained in genetically modified plants confer resistance to pests from certain taxa of arthropods, in particular beetles (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), and butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), as well as plant-parasitic nematodes (Nematoda).

[0112] The term "cultivated plants" should also be understood to include plants that, through the use of recombinant DNA technology, are capable of synthesizing one or more proteins that increase the plants' resistance or tolerance to bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens. Examples of such proteins are so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PR proteins; see, for example, EP-A 0 392 225), plant disease resistance genes (e.g., potato cultivars expressing a resistance gene acting against Phytophthora infestans from the Mexican wild potato, Solanum bulbocastanum), or T4-lysozyme (e.g., potato cultivars capable of synthesizing these proteins that are highly resistant to bacteria such as fire blight, Erwinia amylvora). Methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.

[0113] The term "cultivated plants" should also be understood to include plants that, through the use of recombinant DNA technology, can synthesize one or more proteins that increase productivity (e.g., biomass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content, or protein content), resistance to drought, salinity, or other growth-limiting environmental factors, or resistance of those plants to pests and fungal, bacterial, or viral pathogens. The term "cultivated plants" should also be understood to include plants that, through the use of recombinant DNA technology, contain altered amounts of or new ingredients, particularly to improve human or animal nutrition, for example, oil crops (e.g., Nexera® rapeseed) that produce health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids.

[0114] The term "cultivated plants" should also be understood to include plants that contain altered or new ingredients through the use of recombinant DNA technology, particularly to improve feedstock production, such as potatoes that produce high amounts of amylopectin (e.g., Amflora® potatoes).

[0115] In one embodiment of the present invention, suitable seeds are seeds of cereals, root crops, oil crops, vegetables, spices, ornamentals such as durum wheat and other wheats, barley, oats, rye, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize / sweet and field corn), soybean, oil crops, rapeseed, cotton, sunflower, banana, rice, rapeseed, turnip, sugar beet, fodder beet, eggplant, potato, grass, turf, turf, fodder, tomato, leek, pumpkin / squash, cabbage, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumber, melon, brassica, melon, legumes, peas, garlic, onion, carrot, tuberous plants such as potato, sugarcane, tobacco, grapes, petunia, geranium / pelargonium, pansy, and impatiens.

[0116] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method or use for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by pests such as:

[0117] In particular, the present invention relates to a soil application method for controlling soil-dwelling arthropod and nematode pests, which method comprises applying to the soil a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the present invention. The term "soil-dwelling" means that the habitat, breeding ground, area, or environment in which the pest or parasite is growing or may grow is soil.

[0118] The use of the compounds according to the invention extends to a wide range of pests, particularly soil-dwelling pests, including but not limited to the following families:

[0119] Insects of the order Lepidoptera, such as Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranean, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha fenebrana funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, Hellulaundalis, Hibemiadefoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lambdina fiscellana, Laphygma exigua, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monacha monachal, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma Neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris brassicae brassicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frustrana, Scrobipalpula absolutaabsoluta, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta, and Zeiraphera canadensis,

[0120] Coleoptera, e.g. Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Amphimarus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anoplophora glabripensis, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Aphthona euphoridae, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis linearis, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcate, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera spp.), Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica punctata, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanops melanopus, Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata, Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oulema oryzae, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochlearia cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp.), Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus, and.

[0121] Flies and mosquitoes (Diptera), such as Ceratitis capitata, Contarinia sorghicola, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia antique, Delia coarctata, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phorbia coarctata, Psila rosae, Psorophora discolor, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Tipula oleracea, and Tipula paludosa,

[0122] Thrips (Thysanoptera), such as Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp., Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi, and Thrips tabaci; Termites (Isoptera), such as Calotermes flavicollis, Leucotermes flavipes, Heterotermes aureus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Termes natalensis, and Coptotermes formosanus,

[0123] Insects, aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, scale insects, cicadas (Hemiptera), such as Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus platensis pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis, Thyanta perditor, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphispomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis skneiderii schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus heliclyihelichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Euschistos heros, Euschistos servus, Halyomorpha halys, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphon rosae, Megacopta criberia, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzus persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus variansvarians, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nezara viridula, Nilaparvata lugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla mail, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum inseltum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mali, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantia, Viteus vitifolii, Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Reduvius senilis, Triatoma species spp.), and Arilus critatus,

[0124] Ants, bees, wasps and sawflies (Hymenoptera), e.g., Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Lasius niger, Monomorium pharaonis pharaonic, Solenopsis geminate, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasymutilla occidentalis, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile, Crickets, locusts, and grasshoppers (Orthoptera), e.g., Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana pardalina,

[0125] From the class of Arachnoidea, for example, the Arachnids (Order Acarina), for example, the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, for example, Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Amblyomma maculatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor andersonii andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes Ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes pacificus, Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus hermsi, Ornithodorus turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsievertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp., for example, Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora, and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp., for example, Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp., for example, Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetranychidae spp. spp., for example, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius, and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis; Araneida, for example, Latrodectus mactans and Loxosceles reclusa), other pests to be controlled and eradicated by the method of this patent are the Pemphylogedaleae family of the genera Eriosoma spp., Pemphigus spp., Anuraphis spp., Brachycaudus spp. in crops, such as pome fruits, cones, vegetables, and ornamental plants.

[0126] Psylla spp., Paratrioza spp., Trioza spp. of the family Psyllidae in crops, such as citrus fruits, vegetables, potatoes, and pome fruits.

[0127] From the family of scale insects (Coccidae), such as Ceroplastes spp., Drosicha spp., Pulvinaria spp., Protopuhninaria spp., Saissetia spp., Coccus spp., on perennial crops, e.g. citrus fruits, grapes, tea, pome and stone fruits, tropical crops, ornamental plants, conifers, but also vegetables.

[0128] from the family Diaspididae: Quadraspidiotus spp., Aonidiella spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Aspidiotus spp., Aspis spp., Diaspis spp., Parlatoria spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Unaspis spp., Pinnaspis spp. in crops, for example citrus fruits, tea, ornamental plants, cones, pome fruits and stone fruits, grapes, tropical crops spp.), Selenaspidus spp.

[0129] From the family Pseudococcidae, Pericerga, Pseudococccus spp., Planococcus spp., Phenacoccus spp., Dysmicoccus spp., in crops such as citrus fruits, pome fruits and stone fruits, tea, grapes, vegetables, ornamental plants, cones, spices, and tropical crops.

[0130] Furthermore, from the family Aleyrodidae, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vapora riorum, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleurodes spp., Dialeurodes spp., Parabemisia myricae in crops such as vegetables, melons, potatoes, tobacco, soft fruits, citrus fruits, ornamentals, conifers, cotton, potatoes, and tropical crops.

[0131] Furthermore, the Aphididae Myzus spp. in tobacco, stone fruits, pome fruits, soft fruits, brassica vegetables, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables, tubers and root vegetables, melons, potatoes, spices, ornamentals, and cones.

[0132] Aphis spp. on cotton, tobacco, citrus fruits, melons, beets, soft fruits, rapeseed, fruit vegetables, leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, tubers and root vegetables, ornamentals, potatoes, pumpkins, and spices. Rhodobium porosum on strawberries.

[0133] Nasonovia ribisnigri in leafy vegetables.

[0134] Macrosiphum spp. in ornamentals, cereals, potatoes, leafy vegetables, brassicas, and fruit vegetables, strawberries, Phorodon humuli in hops, Toxoptera spp. in citrus fruits, stone fruits, almonds, nuts, cereals, and spices.

[0135] Aulacorthum spp. in citrus fruits, potatoes, fruit vegetables, and leafy vegetables.

[0136] Furthermore, from the family Tetranychidae, the genera Tetranychus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Panonychus spp., Oligonycbus spp., Eotetranychus spp., Bryobia spp. are also found on crops such as vegetables, ornamental plants, spices, cones, citrus fruits, stone and pome fruits, grapes, cotton, soft fruits, melons, and potatoes. The following mites of the Tarsonemidae family are found in crops, such as vegetables, ornamental plants, spices, cones, tea, citrus fruits, and melons: Hermitarsonemus batus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Polyphagotarsonemus spp., and Stenotarsonemus spinki.

[0137] Furthermore, the following pests of the family Thripidae are known to be responsible for crops, such as fruits, cotton, grapes, soft fruits, vegetables, melons, ornamental plants, spices, cones, tropical crops, and tea: Anaphothrips spp., Baliothrips spp., Caliothrips spp., Frarikliruella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercrnothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips spp., Scirtothrips spp., Selenothrips spp. spp.) and Thrips spp. Also, from the Agromyzidae family, Liriomyza spp., Pegomya spp., on crops such as vegetables, melons, potatoes, and ornamental plants.

[0138] Also included are leaf nematodes of the Aphelenchoididae family, such as Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi, A. fragariae, A. besseyi, and A. blastophthorus, which are found in crops, such as soft fruits and ornamental plants.

[0139] The method of the present invention is applied to control and eliminate arachnids, in particular the following members of the Tetranychidae family: Tetranychus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Panonychus spp., Oligonycbus spp., Eotetranychus spp., and Bryobia spp.

[0140] The fungicidal active ingredients in the method according to the invention are also particularly suitable for efficiently combating phytopathogenic fungi.

[0141] They have excellent activity against a wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi, including Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Peronosporomycetes (synonymous with Oomycetes). Some are systemically active and can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, seed dressing fungicides, and soil fungicides. They can also be used to treat seeds.

[0142] They are particularly important in controlling a wide variety of fungi on a variety of cultivated plants, such as wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, turf, banana, cotton, soybean, coffee, sugarcane, grapes, fruit, and ornamental plants, as well as vegetables, such as cucumber, beans, tomatoes, potatoes, and cucurbits, and on the seeds of these plants.

[0143] They are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant diseases: Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g., A. candida) and sunflower (e.g., A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rapeseed (A. brassicola or A. brassicae), sugar beet (A. tenuis), fruit, rice, soybean, potato (e.g., A. solani or A. alternata), tomato (e.g., A. solani or A. alternata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beet and vegetables spp.); Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, for example A. tritici (anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Bipolaris spp. and Drechslera spp. (sexual form: Cochliobolus spp.), causing, for example, Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (B. zeicola) on maize, leaf spot (B. sorokiniana) on cereals, and B. oryzae (B. spp.) on rice and turf.oryzae; Blumeria (formerly Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals (e.g., wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea (sexual form: Botryotinia fuckeliana: gray mold) on fruits and berries (e.g., strawberries), vegetables (e.g., lettuce, carrots, celery, and cabbage), rapeseed, flowers, grapes, forest plants, and wheat; Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (blue stain) on broad-leaved and evergreen trees, e.g., C. ulmi (blue stain) on elm. Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spot) on maize (e.g., gray leaf spot: C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beet (e.g., C. beticola), sugarcane, vegetables, coffee, soybean (e.g., C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomato (e.g., C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, such as C. herbarum (black smut) on wheat. ear); Claviceps purpurea on cereals (ergot); Cochliobolus spp. (asexual: Helminthosporium or Bipolaris) (leaf spot) on maize (C. carbonum), on cereals (e.g., C. sativus, asexual: B. sorokiniana) and on rice (e.g., C. miyabeanus, asexual: H. oryzae).oryzae); Colletotrichum spp. (sexual form: Glomerella spp.) (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g., C. gossypii), corn (e.g., C. graminicola: anthracnose, stem rot), soft fruits, potato (e.g., C. coccodes: black spot), legumes (e.g., C. lindemuthianum), and soybean (e.g., C. truncatum or C. gloeosporioides); Corticium spp. on rice spp.), such as C. sasakii (sheath blight); Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spot) on soybeans and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., such as C. oleaginum on olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e.g. fruit canker or decline of young grapevines, sexual form: Nectria spp. or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, on grapevines (e.g. C. liriodendri, sexual form: Neonectria liriodendri: blackleg disease) and on ornamentals; Dematophora (sexual form: Rosellinia) necatrix on soybean (rhizome rot); Diaporthe spp. on soybean, e.g., D. phaseolorum (damping-off); Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, sexual form: Pyrenophora) spp. on maize, cereals such as barley (e.g., D. teres, net blotch) and wheat (e.g., D. tritici-repentis). tritici-repentis (yellow spot) on rice and turf; Esca (branch blight, apoplexy) on grapevine caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (formerly Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, and / or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe species spp.) on pome fruits (E. pyri), soft fruits (E. veneta: anthracnose) and grapes (E. ampelina: anthracnose); Entyloma oryzae on rice (leaf mildew); Epicoccum spp. (black mold) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beet (E. betae), vegetables (e.g. E. pisi), for example Cucurbits (e.g. E. sicoracearum).cichoracearum), cabbage, and rapeseed (e.g., E. cruciferarum); Eutypa lata (Eutypa canker or dieback, asexual form: synonyms Cytosporina lata, Libertella blepharis) on fruit trees, grapes, and ornamental trees; Exserohilum (syn. Helminthosporium) spp. on maize (e.g., E. turcicum); Fusarium (sexual form: Gibberella) on various plants. spp. (wilt, root rot), e.g., F. graminearum or F. culmorum (root rot, scab, or head blight) on cereals (e.g., wheat or barley), F. oxysporum on tomato, F. solani (f. sp. glycines, now synonymous with F. virguliforme) and F. tucumaniae and F. brasiliense, which cause sudden soybean death syndrome, respectively, and F. verticillioides on maize; Gaeumannomyces graminis (damping-off) on cereals (e.g., wheat or barley) and maize; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g., G. zeae) and rice (e.g., G. fujikuroi: bakanae disease); Glomerella cingulata on grapes, pome fruits, and other plants, and G. gossypii on cotton; Grain staining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on grapes; Gymnosporangium spp. on roses and junipers spp., such as G. sabinae on pear (rust); Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drexlera, sexual form: Cochliobolus) on maize, cereals, and rice; Hemileia spp., such as H. vastatrix on coffee (coffee leaf rust); Isariopsis clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis) on grapes; Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseoli) on soybeans and cotton (rhizome rot); Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) on cereals (e.g., wheat or barley). nivale (pink snow mold); Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) on soybeans; Monilinia spp., e.g., M. laxa, M. fructicola, and M. fructigena on stone fruits and other Rosaceae plants.fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot); Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruits and peanuts, such as M. graminicola on wheat (asexual: Septoria tritici, Septoria blotch) or M. fijiensis on bananas (black Sigatoka disease); Peronospora spp. (downy mildews) on cabbage (e.g., P. brassicae), rapeseed (e.g., P. parasitica), on onion (e.g., P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina), and soybean (e.g., P. manshurica); Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) on soybean; Phialophora spp., for example, on grapes (e.g., P. tracheiphila); tracheiphila and P. tetraspora), and soybean (e.g., P. gregata: stem rot); Phoma lingam (root rot) on rapeseed and cabbage, and P. betae (root rot, leaf spot, and damping-off) on sugar beet; Phomopsis spp. on sunflower, grapevine (e.g., P. viticola: fusarium wilt), and soybean (e.g., stem rot: P. phaseoli, sexual form: Diaporthe phaseolorum); Physoderma maydis on maize maydis (brown spot); Phytophthora spp. (wilt, root, leaf, fruit, and stem rot) on various plants, such as those on peppers and cucurbits (e.g., P. capsici), soybeans (e.g., P. megasperma, synonymous with P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e.g., P. infestans: leaf blight), and hardwoods (e.g., P. ramorum).ramorum; sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot) on cabbage, rapeseed, radish and other plants; Plasmopara spp., e.g., P. viticola (grape downy mildew) on grapes and P. halstedii on sunflower; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on roses, hops, pome fruits and soft fruits, e.g., P. leucotricha on apple; Polymyxa spp., e.g., P. graminis on cereals such as barley and wheat, and P. bethae on sugar beet. betae, transmitting viral diseases; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides on cereals, e.g., wheat or barley (eyespot, sexual form: Tapesia yallundae); Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, e.g., P. cubensis on cucurbits or P. humili on hops; Pseudopezicula tracheiphila (red fireworks or Rotbrenner, asexual form: Phialophora) on grapes; Puccinia species on various plants spp. (rusts), on cereals such as wheat, barley or rye, P. triticina (brown rust or leaf rust), P. striiformis (stripe rust or yellow rust), P. hordei (stunt rust), P. graminis (stem rust or black rust) or P. recondita (brown rust or leaf rust), on sugarcane, P. kuehnii (orange rust), and on asparagus, P. asparagii (orange rust).asparagi; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (asexual: Drechslera tritici-repentis) on wheat (yellow spot) or P. teres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., such as P. oryzae (sexual: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice, and P. grisea on turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, sugar beet, vegetables, and various other plants, such as P. ultimum. ultimum or P. aphanidermatum);. Ramularia spp., such as R. collo-cygni on barley (Ramularia leaf spot, physiological leaf spot) and R. beticola on sugar beet; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potato, turf, corn, rapeseed, potato, sugar beet, vegetables and various other plants, such as R. solani on soybean (rhizome rot), R. solani on rice (sheath blight) or R. cerealis on wheat or barley (Rhizoctonia spring blight); Rhizopus stroniferus on strawberry, carrot, cabbage, grapes and tomato. stolonifer (black mold, soft rot); Rhynchosporium secalis (sunburn) on barley, rye, and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stalk rot or white mold) on vegetables and field crops, such as rapeseed, sunflower (e.g., S. sclerotiorum), and soybean (e.g., S. rolfsii or S. sclerotiorum); Septoria spp. on various plants, such as S. glycines on soybean. glycines (brown spot), S. tritici (Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. nodorum (syn. Stagonospora) on cereals (Stagonospora leaf spot); Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, asexual: Oidium tuckeri) on grapes; Setospaeria spp. (leaf blight) on maize (e.g., S. tulsicum).turcicum, synonymous with Helminthosporium turcicum) and on turf; Sphacelotheca spp. (ear smut) on maize (e.g., S. reiliana: ear smut), sorghum, and sugarcane; Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucurbits; Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potato, which transmits a viral disease; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e.g., S. nodrum on wheat. nodorum (Stagonospora leaf spot, sexual form: Leptosphaeria (syn. Phaeosphaeria) nodorum); Synchytrium endobioticum (potato wart) on potato; Taphrina spp., e.g., T. deformans (leaf curl) on peach and T. pruni (plum blob) on plum; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e.g., T. basicola (Chalara elegans). elegans); Tilletia spp. (common bunt or "stinking smut") on cereals, e.g., T. tritici (syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa (dwarf smut) on wheat; Typhula incarnata (gray snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e.g., U. occulta on rye.occulta (stem smut); Uromyces spp. (rusts) of vegetables, such as those on beans (e.g., synonymous with U. appendiculatus, U. phaseoli) and sugar beet (e.g., U. betae); Ustilago spp. (naked smut) on cereals (e.g., U. nuda and U. avaenae), on maize (e.g., U. maydis; maize smut) and on sugarcane; Venturia spp. (scab) on apple (e.g., V. inaequalis). inaequalis) and pear; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, including fruit and ornamental plants, grapes, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e.g., V. dahliae on strawberry, rapeseed, potato and tomato.

[0144] The compositions of the presently claimed invention are suitable for the control of many noxious plants, including monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds. These include Echinochloa species, such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli var. crusgalli), Digitaria species, such as crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Setaria species, such as green foxtail (Setaria vindis) and green kitsch (Setaria faberii), Sorghum species, such as sorghum (Sorghum halepense Pers.), Avena species, such as wild oat (Avena fatua), fatua), Cenchrus species, e.g. Cenchrus echinatus, Bromus species, Lolium species, Phalaris species, Eriochloa species, Panicum species, Brachiaria species, Annual bluegrass (Poa annua), Black foxglove (Alopecurus myosuroides), Aegilops cylindrica, Agropyron repens, Apera spicabench The compositions of the claimed invention are particularly useful for controlling annual weeds such as grasses including E. spicaventi, Eleusine indica, Cynodon dactylon, and others. The compositions of the claimed invention are also effective against many dicotyledonous weeds, particularly Polygonum species.species such as bindweed (Polygonum convolvolus), Amaranthus species such as pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Chenopodium species such as white crocus (Chenopo-dium album L.), Sida species such as sedge (Sida spinosa L.), Ambrosia species such as common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisulfolia), Acanthospermum species, Anthemis species, Atriplex species, Cirsium species, Convolvulus species, Conyza species, e.g. mugwort (Conyza canadensis), Cassia species, Commelina species, Datura species, Euphorbia species, Geranium species, Galinsoga species, Morning glory (Ipomoea species), Lamium species, Malva species, Matricaria species, Sisimbrium species, Solanum species species, Xanthium species, Veronica species, Viola species, Common chickweed (Stellaria media)media), Abutilon theophrasti, Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata Cory), Anoda cristata, Bidens pllosa, Brassica kaber, Capsella bursapastoris, Centaurea cyanus, Galeopsis tetrahit, Galium aparine, Helianthus annuus, Desmodium tortuosum, Kochia scoparia, Mercurialis It is also suitable for the control of broadleaf weeds, including certain broadleaf weeds including Papaver rhoeas, Raphanus raphanistrum, Salsola kali, Sinapis arvensis, Sonchus arvensis, Thlaspi arvense, Tagates minuta, Richardia braslliensis, and others.

[0145] composition In a further embodiment, the claimed invention provides a method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, or nematodes, or for protection against weeds, at least one active compound, and The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases.

[0146] The pesticide composition comprises a pesticidal amount of the active compound of the present invention. The term "effective amount" refers to an amount of the composition or compound I that is sufficient to control pests on cultivated plants or to protect materials, without causing substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary widely and depends on various factors, such as the pest species to be controlled, the cultivated plants or materials to be treated, climatic conditions, and the specific active compound of the present invention.

[0147] The active compounds of the present invention, their N-oxides and salts can be converted into conventional types of pesticide compositions, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, compacts, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples of types of compositions include suspensions (e.g., SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g., EC), emulsions (e.g., EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g., CS, ZC), pastes, lozenges, wettable powders or dusts (e.g., WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), compacts (e.g., BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g., WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal products (e.g., LN), and gel formulations (e.g., GF) for treating plant propagation materials such as seeds. These and further composition types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system" (Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th edition, May 2008, CropLife International). The compositions are prepared by known methods, such as those described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005. Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, moisturizing agents, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents (e.g. medium to high boiling mineral oil fractions, such as kerosene, diesel oil, etc.), oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes), alcohols (e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol), glycols, DMSO, ketones (e.g. cyclohexanone), esters (e.g. lactate esters, carbonate esters, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone), fatty acids, phosphonate esters, amines, amides (e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides), and mixtures thereof.

[0148] Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths such as silicates, silica gel, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch; fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea; products of plant origin such as grain flour, bark flour, wood flour, nut shell flour and mixtures thereof.

[0149] Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds such as anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emulsifiers, dispersants, solubilizers, wetting agents, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, or adjuvants. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol. 1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Edition or North American Edition).

[0150] Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali salts, alkaline earth salts, or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, and carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates include alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecylbenzene and tridecylbenzene, sulfonates of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates, or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates include sulfates of fatty acids and oils, sulfates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfates of alcohols, sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols, or sulfates of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates include phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates include alkyl carboxylates and carboxylated alcohols or alkylphenol ethoxylates.

[0151] Suitable nonionic surfactants include alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates include compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids, or fatty acid esters that are alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide (preferably ethylene oxide) can be used for alkoxylation. Examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides include fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters include fatty acid esters, glycerol esters, or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar-based surfactants include sorbitan, ethoxylated sorbitan, sucrose esters, glucose esters, or alkyl polyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants include homopolymers or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl alcohol, or vinyl acetate.

[0152] Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetaines and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are AB or ABA block polymers containing polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide blocks, or ABC block polymers containing alkanol, polyethylene oxide, and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are polyacrylic acid or alkali salts of polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamine or polyethyleneamine.

[0153] Suitable adjuvants are compounds that have negligible or no pesticidal activity themselves, but enhance the biological performance of the active compound of the present invention against the target. Examples include surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other adjuvants. Further examples are listed by Knowles in "Adjuvants and additives," Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, Chapter 5.

[0154] Suitable thickening agents are polysaccharides (eg xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), inorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates and silicates.

[0155] Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones. Suitable antifreeze agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.

[0156] Suitable antifoaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols and salts of fatty acids.

[0157] Suitable colorants (e.g., red, blue, or green) are pigments with low water solubility and water soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g., iron oxide, titanium oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (e.g., alizarin colorants, azo colorants, and phthalocyanine colorants).

[0158] Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.

[0159] The pesticide composition generally contains 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 90% by weight, and particularly 0.5 to 75% by weight of the active substance, which is used at a purity of 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectroscopy).

[0160] For the treatment of plant propagation materials (especially seeds), seed treatment solutions (LS), suspoemulsions (SE), flowable concentrates (FS), dry treatment powders (DS), water-dispersible slurry powders (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), and gels (GF) are commonly used. The compositions, after 2- to 10-fold dilution, provide active substance concentrations of 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 40% by weight, in ready-to-use preparations. Application can be carried out before or during sowing. Methods for applying the compounds of the present invention and their compositions to plant propagation materials (especially seeds) include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, and soaking, as well as in-furrow application of propagation materials. Preferably, the compounds of the present invention or compositions thereof are applied to plant propagation material by methods that do not induce germination, such as seed dressing, seed pelleting, seed coating and seed dusting, respectively.

[0161] When used in plant protection, the amounts of active substance applied are, depending on the type of effect desired, between 0.001 and 2 kg / ha, preferably between 0.005 and 2 kg / ha, more preferably between 0.05 and 0.9 kg / ha and in particular between 0.1 and 0.75 kg / ha.

[0162] For example, in the treatment of plant propagation material (e.g. seeds) by dusting, coating or immersing the seeds, an amount of active substance of 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably 1 to 1000 g, more preferably 1 to 100 g, most preferably 5 to 100 g per 100 kilograms of plant propagation material (preferably seeds) is generally required.

[0163] When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the amount of active substance applied depends on the type of application area and the desired effect. Amounts customarily applied in the protection of materials are from 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably from 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active substance per cubic meter of treated material.

[0164] Various types of oils, wetting agents, adjuvants, fertilizers or micronutrients, and further pesticides (e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners) can be added to the active substance or to the composition containing the active substance as a premix or, if appropriate, added immediately before use (tank mix). These agents can be mixed with the composition according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.

[0165] The user typically applies the composition according to the present invention from a predosage device, backpack sprayer, spray tank, spray aircraft, or irrigation system. Typically, the pesticide composition is brought to the desired application concentration with water, buffers, and / or further adjuvants, thus providing a ready-to-use spray solution or pesticide composition according to the present invention. Typically, 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to-use spray solution are applied per hectare of agriculturally useful area.

[0166] Compositions that are particularly useful for treating seeds include, for example, A. Water-soluble concentrate (SL, LS) D Emulsifying agents (EW, EO, ES) E. Suspension agents (SC, OD, FS) F. Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG) G. Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS) H Gel formulation (GF) I Dustable powder (DP, DS) is.

[0167] Conventional seed treatment formulations include, for example, flowable concentrates (FS), solutions (LS), dry treatment powders (DS), water-dispersible powders (WS) for slurry treatment, water-soluble powders (SS) and emulsions (ES and EC), and gel formulations (GF). These formulations may be applied to seeds diluted or undiluted. Application to seeds is carried out before sowing, directly on the seeds, or after the seeds have germinated.

[0168] In a preferred embodiment, a FS formulation is used for seed treatment. Typically, the FS formulation may contain 1-800 g / l of active ingredient, 1-200 g / l of surfactant, 0-200 g / l of antifreeze agent, 0-400 g / l of binder, 0-200 g / l of pigment, and up to 1 liter of solvent, preferably water.

[0169] Particularly preferred FS formulations of the active compounds according to the invention for seed treatment usually contain 0.1 to 80% by weight (1 to 800 g / l) of active ingredient, 0.1 to 20% by weight (1 to 200 g / l) of at least one surfactant, for example 0.05 to 5% by weight of a wetting agent and 0.5 to 15% by weight of a dispersing agent, up to 20% by weight, for example 5 to 20% by weight of an antifreeze agent, 0 to 15% by weight, for example 1 to 15% by weight of pigments and / or dyes, 0 to 40% by weight, for example 1 to 40% by weight of a binder (sticking agent / adhesive), optionally up to 5% by weight, for example 0.1 to 5% by weight of a thickener, optionally 0.1 to 2% of an antifoaming agent, and optionally preservatives such as biocides, antioxidants, for example 0.01 to 1% by weight, and fillers / vehicles in amounts of up to 100% by weight.

[0170] The seed treatment formulation may further comprise a binder and, optionally, a colorant. The binder can be added to improve the adhesion of the active material to the seeds after treatment. Suitable binders include alkylene oxide homopolymers and copolymers such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and copolymers thereof, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylic homopolymers and copolymers, polyethyleneamine, polyethyleneamide, and polyethyleneimine, polysaccharides such as cellulose, tylose, and starch, polyolefin homopolymers and copolymers such as olefin / maleic anhydride copolymers, polyurethanes, polyesters, and polystyrene homopolymers and copolymers.

[0171] Optionally, a colorant may be included in the formulation. Suitable colorants or dyes for seed treatment formulations are Rhodamine B, CI Pigment Red 1 12, CI Solvent Red 1, Pigment Blue 15:4, Pigment Blue 15:3, Pigment Blue 15:2, Pigment Blue 15:1, Pigment Blue 80, Pigment Yellow 1, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Red 1 12, Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Red 48:1, Pigment Red 57:1, Pigment Red 53:1, Pigment Orange 43, Pigment Orange 34, Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Green 7, Pigment White 6, Pigment Brown 25, Basic Violet 10, Basic Violet 49, Acid Red 51, Acid Red 52, Acid Red 14, Acid Blue 9, Acid Yellow 23, Basic Red 10, Basic Red 108.

[0172] An example of a gelling agent is carrageenan (Satiagel®).

[0173] In seed treatment, the application rate of the compounds of the invention is generally from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed, and especially from 1 g to 200 g per 100 kg of seed.

[0174] The present invention therefore relates to seeds comprising the active compound or agriculturally useful salt of I according to the invention as defined herein. The amount of active compound or agriculturally useful salt thereof will generally vary from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seeds, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seeds, in particular from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seeds. For certain crops, such as lettuce, the ratio may be higher.

[0175] In yet another embodiment, the claimed invention relates to seeds comprising at least one active compound and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of the seed or plant propagation medium.

[0176] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 1 is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seed or plant propagation material.

[0177] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 2 is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seed or plant propagation material.

[0178] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 4 is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seed or plant propagation material.

[0179] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 9 is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seed or plant propagation material.

[0180] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 1 is applied in an amount of 1 ppm to 1 ppb per weight of seed or plant propagation material.

[0181] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 2 is applied in an amount of 1 ppm to 1 ppb per weight of seed or plant propagation material.

[0182] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 4 is applied in an amount of 1 ppm to 1 ppb per weight of seed or plant propagation material.

[0183] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 9 is applied in an amount of 1 ppm to 1 ppb per weight of seed or plant propagation material.

[0184] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 1 is applied in an amount of 1% to 1 ppm by weight of the seed or plant propagation material.

[0185] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 2 is applied in an amount of 1% to 1 ppm by weight of the seed or plant propagation material.

[0186] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 4 is applied in an amount of 1% to 1 ppm by weight of the seed or plant propagation material.

[0187] In one embodiment, the enzyme is a cutinase and the cutinase of SEQ ID NO: 9 is applied in an amount of 1% to 1 ppm by weight of the seed or plant propagation material.

[0188] In a further embodiment, the claimed invention relates to a kit of parts comprising as separate components at least one active compound for use in combination with at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases.

[0189] In a further embodiment, the claimed invention relates to a kit of parts comprising as a separate component at least one active compound for use in combination with a cutinase, wherein the cutinase is according to SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 9.

[0190] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or kit of seeds or parts according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one active compound is (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate and the at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0191] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method or use or composition or kit of seeds or parts according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one active compound is fipronil and at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0192] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or kit of seeds or parts according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one active compound is dinotefuran and at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0193] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or kit of seeds or parts according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one active compound is broflanilide and at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0194] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or kit of seeds or parts according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one active compound is dimpropyridaz and at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0195] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or kit of seeds or parts according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one active compound is Clothianidin and at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0196] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or kit of seeds or parts according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one active compound is imidacloprid and at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0197] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or kit of seeds or parts according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one active compound is thiodicarb and at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0198] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one active compound, and at least one enzyme which is a cutinase, A method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, or nematodes, a method of protection against weeds, comprising application to the plants and / or plant propagation material directly and / or indirectly by drenching the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by immersion, by furrow application, or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0199] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one active compound, and at least one enzyme which is a cutinase, A method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, a method of protection against weeds, including application to plant propagation material that is seed, directly and / or indirectly, by drench in the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by immersion, by furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0200] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least one active compound, and comprising the application of at least one enzyme which is cutinase, 1. A method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, a method for protection against weeds, comprising: the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, or SEQ ID NO:9; Methods including application to plant propagation material, which is seed, directly and / or indirectly by flooding the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by immersion, by furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0201] In one embodiment of the present invention, use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme which is cutinase for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or for protection against weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme which is cutinase are applied to the plants and / or plant propagation material directly and / or indirectly by flooding the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by dipping, by furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0202] In one embodiment of the present invention, use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme which is cutinase for protecting plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or for protection against weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme which is cutinase are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plant propagation material which is a seed by flooding the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by dipping, by furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0203] In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme which is a cutinase for protecting plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or for protection against weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme which is a cutinase comprise an amino acid sequence having 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 9, Use applied directly and / or indirectly to plant propagation material, which is seed, by drench in the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by dipping, by furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0204] Embodiment Below, a list of embodiments is provided to further illustrate the present disclosure, but is not intended to limit the disclosure to the specific embodiments listed below. 1. at least one active compound, and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases; A method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, or nematodes, a method of protection against weeds, comprising application to the plants and / or plant propagation material directly and / or indirectly by drenching the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by immersion, by furrow application, or by treating the plant propagation material. 2. Use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, or nematodes, or for protection against weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil, by drip application to the soil, by injection into the soil, by dipping, by furrow application, or by treating the plant propagation material. 3. The method or use according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the plant propagation material is a seed. 4. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the seed is a seed of a transgenic plant. 5. The method or use according to embodiment 3 or 4, wherein the roots and shoots of plants derived from the treated seeds are protected. 6. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein at least one active compound is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, acaricides, and nematicides.

[0205] 7. Insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides M.1 AChE inhibitors: aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, triazamate; acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton , EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famfur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imithiaphos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion; M.2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: cyclodiene organochlorines: endosulfan, chlordane; phenylpyrazoles: ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole; M.3 Sodium channel modulators: Pyrethroids: acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, Etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, permethrin, fenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin; sodium channel modulators, such as DDT and methoxychlor; M.4 nAChR agonists: Neonicotinoids: acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-amine, (2E)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximidamide; 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; nicotine; sulfoxaflor; Flupiradifurone; Triflumezopyrim, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3S)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-3-pyrimidin-5-yl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3R)-3-( 2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-6-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-ethyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate; M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators: spinosad, spinetoram; M.6 Chloride channel activators: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemectin; M.7 Juvenile hormone mimetics: e.g., hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene; fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen; M.8 Other multi-site inhibitors, CH3Br, other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, tartar emetic; M.9 Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators: pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazone; M.10 Mite growth inhibitors: Clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflobidazine; Etoxazole; M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus and the insecticidal proteins they produce: e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstakii, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, Bt crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1; M.12 Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors: diafenthiuron; organotin acaricides, such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, tetradifon; M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by perturbing the proton gradient: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, sulfluramide; M.14 nAChR channel blockers: nereistoxin analogue bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap sodium; M.15 Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors: for example, bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; M.16 Chitin biosynthesis inhibitor type 1: buprofezin; M.17 Molting disruptors: dipteran, cyromazine; M.18 Ecdysone receptor agonists: e.g. methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide, chromafenozide; M.19 Octopamine receptor agonists: Amitraz; M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors: hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, bifenazate; M.21 METI acaricides and insecticides: e.g., fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad; rotenone; M.22 Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide, N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)-[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)-amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide; M.23 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors: e.g. spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat; spiropydione; M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors: e.g., aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, zinc phosphide, cyanide; M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors: e.g., cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen; M.28 Ryanodine receptor modulators: flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole; (R)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, (S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, cyclaniliprole, methyl-2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amine N-(2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;Tetrachloroanthraniliprole, N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;Cyhalodiamide M.29: Chordotonal organ modulators: flonicamide; M.UN. Mechanism of action unknown: Afidopiropen, Afoxolaner, Azadirachtin, Amidoflumet, Benzoximate, Brofuranilide, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionate, Cryolite, Dichloromezothiaz, Dicofol, Dimpropylidaz, Flufenerim, Flometquin, Fluensulfone, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Fluralaner, Methaldehyde, Methoxadiazone, Piperonyl butoxide, Piflubumid, Pyridalyl, Thioxazaphene, 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxybenzoate -1,4-Dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]-tetradec-11-en-10-one, 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine, an active compound based on Bacillus firmus (Votivo, I-1582); Pyrimine; Fluazaindolizine; 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide; Fluxamethamide; 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1H-pyrazole; 4-Cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl ]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;4-cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methyl-benzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide;N-[5-[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;N-[5-[[2-Bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;N-[5-[[2-Bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;4-Cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3- Hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide;N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; 2-(1,3-Dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine;2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine;2-[6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine;N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazolyl-5 -yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine;1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7 -Methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5-ol;N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide;N-Cyclopropyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide;N-Cyclohexyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole- 4-Carboxamide;2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide;2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide;Methyl 2-[[2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]carbonyl]hydrazinecarboxylate; N-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; N-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide, cyclopyrazoflurane; sarolaner, lotilaner;N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; Isocycloceram; N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, N-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide Pyrazole-3-carboxamide; Acinonapyr; Benzpyrimoxane; Zigolaner; Oxazosulfil; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R ,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2 ,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;(2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one;2-(6-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-7-iodo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b ]pyridine, 3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-2-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-8-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]- The method or use according to embodiment 6, wherein the compound is selected from the group M.1 to M.UN consisting of 3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine;

[0206] 8. Fungicides of groups FI to F.XII: A) Respiratory inhibitors Complex III inhibitors at the Qo site: azoxystrobin, cumoxystrobin, cumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobulin, phenaminestrobin, fenoxystrobin / flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, pyribencarb, triclopiricarb / chlorozinecarb , famoxadone, fenamidone, methyl-N-[2-[(1,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxylmethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxy-carbamate, methyltetrapol, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide, pyriminostrobin, bifujundi, 2-(ortho-((2,5-dimethylphenyl-oxymethylene)phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester; Complex III inhibitors at the Qi site: cyazofamid, amisulbrom, [(6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl]2-methylpropanoate, fenpicoxamide, florylpicoxamide; Complex II inhibitors: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isofetamide, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, pydiflumetofen, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, inpirfluxam, pyrapropoin, fluindapyr, N-[2-[ 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, methyl (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methyl-phenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, isoflucipram, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoro 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan -4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide; Other respiratory inhibitors: diflumetrim; nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap, ferimzone; organometallic compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide; ametoctrazine; silthiofam; B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides) C14 demethylase inhibitors: Triazoles: Azaconazole, Bitertanol, Bromuconazole, Cyproconazole, Difenoconazole, Diniconazole, Diniconazole-M, Epoxiconazole, Fenbuconazole, Fluquinconazole, Flusilazole, Flutriafol, Hexaconazole, Imibenconazole, Ipconazole, Metconazole, Myclobutanil, Oxpoconazole, Paclobutrazol, Penconazole, Propiconazole, Prothioconazole, Simeconazole, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazole, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Triticonazole, Uniconazole, 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2-(2,4-di ... pyridyl]propan-2-ol, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1 [5 [4 (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol, 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1 (1,2,4-Triazol-1ylmethyl)cyclopentanol; Imidazoles: Imazalil, Pefurazoate, Prochloraz, Triflumizole; Pyrimidines, Pyridines and Piperazines: Fenarimol, Pyrifenox, Triforine, [3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol; Delta 14-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperaline, spiroxamine; 3-ketoreductase inhibitors: fenhexamid; Other sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: chlorfenomizole; C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors Phenylamide or acylamino acid fungicides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, chiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofrace, oxadixyl; Other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-chlorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine; D) Cell division and cytoskeleton inhibitors Tubulin inhibitors: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, pyridaclomethyl, N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butanamide, N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N(2-fluoroethyl)butanamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-propyl-butanamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-N-propyl-acetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-N-propyl-acetamide, 2[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3amine; Other cytostatics: diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriophenone, fenamacril; E) Amino acid and protein synthesis inhibitors Methionine synthesis inhibitors: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; Protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline; F) Signal transduction inhibitors MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimide, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fludioxonil, G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen, G) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane; Lipid peroxidation: dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole, zinc thiazole; Phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandipropamide, pyrimorph, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate; Compounds acting on cell membrane permeability and fatty acids: propamocarb; Oxysterol binding protein inhibitors: oxathiapiproline, fluoxapiproline, 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin- 1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine din-2-carboxamide, 4[1[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide; H) Multisite-acting inhibitors Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; Thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; Organic chlorine compounds: anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid; Guanidines and others: Guanidine, Dodine, Dodine free base, Guazatine, Guazatine-acetate, Iminoctadine, Iminoctadine-triacetate, Iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), Dithianon, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone; I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Glucan synthesis inhibitors: validamycin, polyoxin B; Melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, dicyclomet, fenoxanil; J) Plant defense inducers Acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium; phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, calcium phosphonate, potassium phosphonate, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, 4-cyclopropyl-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide; K) Drugs with unknown mechanism of action Bronopol, quinomethionate, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclocymet, diclomedine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamine, fenitropan, fenpyrazamine, flumetober, flusulfamide, fluthianil, harpin, methasulfocarb, nitrapyrin, nitrothal-isopropyl, tolprocarb, oxine copper, proquinazid, tebufloquine, tecloftalam, triazoxide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoyl)methyl)- N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-(5-bromo-6-indan-2-yloxy-2-methyl-3-pyridyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine N'-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-[5-bromo-6-(4-isopropylcyclohexoxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-phenylethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)- phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (pyrisoxazole), 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-Dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole, ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate (K.1.40), Picarburazox, Pentyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate, But-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxy Methyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate, ipflufenoquin, quinofumelin, benziothiazolinone, bromothalonil, 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridyl)quinazoline, 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]-quinazoline, dichlorobenthiazox, N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, pyrifenamine, fluopimomide, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, 7. The method or use according to embodiment 6, selected from:

[0207] 9. Herbicides Acetamides: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet, mefenacet, metolachlor, metazachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, petoxamide, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor, Amino acid derivatives: vilanaphos, glyphosate, glufosinate, sulfosate; Aryloxyphenoxypropionates: clodinafop, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-p-tefuryl; Bipyridyls: diquat, paraquat; (Thio)carbamates: asulam, butyrate, carbetamide, desmedipham, dimepiperate, eptam (EPTC), esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, phenmedipham, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallate; Cyclohexanediones: butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim; Dinitroanilines: benfluralin, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, trifluralin; Diphenyl ethers: acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfene, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen; Hydroxybenzonitriles: Bomoxynil, Dichlobenil, Ioxynil; Imidazolinones: imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr; Phenoxyacetic acids: Clomeprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop; Pyrazines: chloridazon, flufenpyr-ethyl, fluthiacet, norflurazon, pyridate; Pyridines: aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen, thiazopyr, triclopyr (2-[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid butoxyethyl ester); Sulfonylureas: Amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, tritosulfuron, 1-((2-chloro-6-propyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazin-3-yl)sulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)urea; Triazines: ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethamethrin, etiodin, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, triaziflam; Ureas: chlorotoluron, dymuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, tebuthiuron; Other acetolactate synthase inhibitors: bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, orthosulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxycarbazone, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam; Others: Amicarbazone, aminotriazole, anilofos, beflubutamide, benazolin, bencarbazone, benfluresate, benzofenap, bentazon, benzobicyclon, bicyclopyrone, bromacil, bromobutide, butafenacil, butamifos, cafenstrole, carfentrazone, cinidon-ethyl, chlorthal, cinmethylin, clomazone, cumyluron, cyprosulfamide, dicamba, difenzoquat, diflufensopyr, drexifraga monoceras, endothall, ethofumesate, etobenzanide, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flupoxam, fluroclox rolidone, flurtamone, indanofan, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, lenacil, propanil, propyzamide, quinclorac, quinmerac, mesotrione, methylarsenate, naptalam, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxaziclomefone, pentoxazone, pinoxaden, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazoxyfen, pyrazolinate, quinoclamine, saflufenacil, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, terbacil, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, thiencarbazone, topramezone, (3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-5 ... 3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-phenoxy]-pyridin-2-yloxy)-acetic acid ethyl ester, 6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropyl-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl-6-methylphenoxy)-pyridazin-4-ol, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, and 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-3-dimethylamino-2-fluoro-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 7. The method or use according to embodiment 6, selected from the group consisting of:

[0208] 10. The method or use according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein at least one enzyme is cutinase. 11. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 1. 12. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 2. 13. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 4. 14. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 9.

[0209] 15. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied by flooding the soil. 16. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied by drip irrigation. 17. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are administered by a drip administration system. 18. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied by injection into the soil. 19. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein at least one active compound and at least one enzyme are applied to the plant propagation material. 20. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied by furrow application.

[0210] 21. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the at least one active compound is applied in an amount of 0.1 g to 1 kg per 100 kg of plant propagation material. 22. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the at least one enzyme is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of plant propagation material. 23. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 5 to 22, wherein the roots and shoots of the plant, the plant propagation material, or the plants derived from the treated plant propagation material are protected from attack by soil pests or foliar pests. 24. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 3 to 22, wherein the plant or plant propagation material is selected from the group consisting of row crop seeds and vegetable seeds, spices, herbs, ornamental plants, cones, shrubs, cotton, tropical crops, citrus fruits, fruits, nuts, and grapes. 25. The method or use according to embodiment 24, wherein the plant or plant propagation material is selected from the group consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, rice, wheat, canola, and sunflower.

[0211] 26. At least one active compound, and At least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases, Compositions for protection against weeds, to protect plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes. 27. The composition of embodiment 26, wherein at least one active compound is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, acaricides, and nematicides. 28. The composition described in embodiment 26, wherein at least one enzyme is cutinase. 29. The composition of embodiment 28, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:1. 30. The composition described in embodiment 28, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:2. 31. The composition described in embodiment 28, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:4. 32. The composition described in embodiment 28, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 9.

[0212] 33. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 32, wherein at least one enzyme is immobilized on a matrix, support, or particle. 34. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 33, further comprising at least one auxiliary selected from the group consisting of solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, moisturizers, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoaming agents, colorants, tackifiers, and binders. 35. Seeds comprising at least one compound as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 25 and at least one enzyme as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 25 in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of plant propagation material. 36. A kit of parts comprising as separated components at least one active compound as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 25 for use in combination with at least one enzyme as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 25. 37. The method or use or composition or kit of seeds or parts according to any one of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein at least one active compound is (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate and at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0213] advantage: 1) The present invention can significantly reduce the use rate of systemic pesticidal active compounds for seed treatment applications. 2) The present invention can potentially be used for foliar and in-furrow applications to enhance uptake and improve the efficiency of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. 3) The present invention has been found to be effective in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.

[0214] [Example] The claimed invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. More particularly, the test methods identified hereafter are part of the general disclosure of this application and are not limited to the specific examples.

[0215] [Example 1] Effect of cutinase on the uptake of (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate in canola material: Active ingredient / active compound: (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate enzyme: CUT-1: cutinase according to SEQ ID NO: 1 CUT-2: cutinase according to SEQ ID NO: 2 CUT-4: cutinase according to SEQ ID NO: 4 CUT-9: cutinase according to SEQ ID NO: 9

[0216] Common seed treatment (ST) methods: Canola seeds were treated with the formulated product diluted with water by centrifuging 100 g of seeds in a 1 litre HEGE bowl while applying the treatment slurry. The seeds were centrifuged until dry.

[0217] Common methods for coating efficiency: To obtain coating efficiency, 100 treated seeds were randomly sampled and divided into 10 groups. Each group (10 seeds as ground) was analyzed separately by LC / MS. The average amount of active ingredient (AI) on the seeds was evaluated.

[0218] Plant Incubation and Uptake Analysis Methods: On the day of planting, 24-well plates (10 mL, non-sterile) were filled with the highly organic plug and seeding mixture. Water was evenly applied to the soil surface using a spray nozzle until the soil column was just about fully saturated. The soil was patted down to a level 1 cm below the plate surface. One treated seed was placed on the soil surface in each well and covered with potting mixture leveled to the plate surface. The top surface of the soil was sprayed again to moisten it. The plates were then kept in an incubator and fertilized with fertilizer water (NPK 16-4-20-3(Ca)-1(Mg)) via a spray nozzle as needed. Seven days after planting, both cotyledons from 10 plants were sampled for analysis by cutting them at the point where they meet the stem. There were 10 replicates.

[0219] Analysis method: Seeds / excised cotyledons were extracted with acetonitrile solvent (3 mL, containing 1% acetic acid) by homogenizing in a Teflon tube using a Geno / Grinder (Spex Sample Prep) at 1200 RPM for 2 minutes. The homogenate was then mixed with anhydrous sodium sulfate (approximately 600 mg), sodium acetate (approximately 100 mg), vortexed thoroughly, and centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 5 minutes using a Beckman Coulter (Allegra X-14R) centrifuge. The clear supernatant was then transferred to an appropriate vial for LS / MS analysis.

[0220] LCMS analysis was performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Extractive Orbitrap Mass Analyzer in electrospray positive ionization mode. A Thermo Fisher Scientific Surveyor MS Plus Pump and autosampler were used for the chromatographic run through a Sonoma-C18 column (2.1 x 100 mm, 5 μm). The gradient started with 98:2 water / MeOH (containing 4 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid) and ended with 98:2 MeOH / water in approximately 10 min.

[0221] Experimental results The experimental data (Table 1) suggested that small-batch seed treatment (100 g seeds) resulted in variable seed coating efficiency, implying the need to analyze coating efficiency for each sample during uptake analysis. For cotyledon analysis, cutinase-1 outperformed the four cutinases in terms of mean AI uptake (ng / mg leaf) and percent AI uptake, which was significantly higher than the no-enzyme control.

[0222] [Table 1]

[0223] [Example 2] Effect of cutinase on uptake of clothianidin in wheat seedlings following seed treatment. Active ingredient / active compound: Clothianidin enzyme: CUT-1: cutinase according to SEQ ID NO: 1 CUT-2: cutinase according to SEQ ID NO: 2 CUT-4: cutinase according to SEQ ID NO: 4

[0224] Other ingredients: RediEarth is a potting mixture - Sunshine®.

[0225] Experimental Method a. Seed treatment: The formulation was diluted and the enzyme dissolved in HPLC water. Solutions were made and mixed immediately before each treatment. For each treatment, 100 g of spring wheat seeds (Triticum sp.) were placed in a 1 L bowl in a HEGE11 seed treater. The treatment slurry was applied to the centrifuged seeds in a 1.5 mL application volume containing 2.05 mg of lyophilized enzyme-containing cell extract, and the seeds were centrifuged until dry. Immediately after treatment, the seeds were transferred to paper seed pouches and stored in a cooler filled with ice packs until planting.

[0226] b. Plant incubation: Prior to seed treatment, 24-well plates were filled with RediEarth potting mix sieved through a 3.35 mm mesh sieve. Tap water was evenly sprayed onto the soil surface using a conical spray nozzle until the soil column was just about fully saturated (approximately 55 mL / plate). The soil was then patted down to a level 1 cm below the plate surface. One hour after treatment, one seed was placed on the soil surface of each well. RediEarth was sieved directly onto the well, aligning the soil line with the plate surface. The soil surface was re-moistened with approximately 22 mL / plate of water. Plates were then maintained in a randomized complete block design, 14 L:10 D, in an incubator at 25°C and 50% RH containing two FloraSun (F25T8 Plant Growth) lamps. There were 10 replicates per treatment.

[0227] c. Seed Coating Efficiency: Fifteen treated wheat seeds were grouped and extracted by homogenization with acetonitrile solvent (15 mL) (10 replicates for each treatment rate). The homogenate was first centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 3 minutes in a Beckman Coulter (Allegra X-14R) centrifuge to allow the solvent / material adhering to the top of the tube, including the cap, to settle. The collected homogenate was then treated with anhydrous magnesium sulfate (approximately 1500 mg), sodium acetate (100 mg), vortexed thoroughly (30 seconds), and centrifuged again for the same time as above. The clear supernatant solution was then diluted and transferred to appropriate vials for LC / MS analysis.

[0228] d. Cotyledon Analysis: Fifteen pairs of excised wheat cotyledons were extracted (10 replicates) by homogenization with acetonitrile solvent (10 mL, containing 1% acetic acid). The homogenate was first centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 3 minutes in a Beckman Coulter (Allegra X-14R) centrifuge to sediment any solvent / material adhering to the cap. The collected homogenate was then treated with anhydrous magnesium sulfate (approximately 3500 mg), sodium acetate (approximately 220 mg), vortexed thoroughly (approximately 30 seconds), and centrifuged again for the same time as above. The clear supernatant solution was then transferred to appropriate vials for LC / MS analysis without further dilution.

[0229] Control samples were prepared by adding known amounts of standard clothianidin to 15 pairs of cotyledons (10 replicates) taken from untreated canola seedlings, homogenized, and processed as described above. AI recovery was quantified from the LS / MS data and then used to normalize the results from the treated cotyledon sample set.

[0230] LCMS analysis was performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Q-Exactive Mass Analyzer in electrospray positive ionization mode. A Thermo Fisher Scientific Surveyor MS Plus Pump and autosampler were used for chromatographic runs through a Sonoma-C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 5 μm). The gradient started with 98:2 water / MeOH (containing 4 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid) and ended with 98:2 MeOH / water in approximately 10 min.

[0231] Experimental results The experimental data (Table 1) showed that the percentage of clothianidin uptake in wheat seedlings was significantly enhanced (P = 0.002) by seed treatment with cutinase 1. Cutinases 2 and 4 also improved clothianidin uptake, but the improvement was not significant.

[0232] [Table 2]

Claims

1. At least one active compound selected from the group consisting of clothianidin and (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate; with at least one enzyme which is a cutinase, 1. A method for protecting the roots and shoots of plants derived from seeds from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, comprising applying to the plant propagation material a treatment of the plant propagation material, wherein the plant propagation material is a seed and the roots and shoots of plants derived from the treated seed are protected.

2. 1. Use of at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of clothianidin and (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, and at least one enzyme which is cutinase, for protecting the roots and shoots of plants derived from seeds from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, or nematodes, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied to plant propagation material by treatment of the plant propagation material, the plant propagation material being seeds, and the roots and shoots of plants derived from the treated seeds are protected.

3. 3. The method or use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed is a seed of a transgenic plant.

4. 3. The method or use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity with SEQ ID NO:

1.

5. 3. The method or use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity with SEQ ID NO:

2.

6. 3. The method or use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:

4.

7. 3. The method or use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:

9.

8. 8. The method or use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one enzyme is applied in an amount of from 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of plant propagation material.

9. 9. The method or use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the roots and shoots of plants derived from the treated plant propagation material are protected from attack by soil pests or foliar pests.

10. 10. The method or use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the plant or plant propagation material is selected from the group consisting of row crop seeds and vegetable seeds, spices, herbs, ornamental plants, cones, shrubs, cotton, tropical crops, citrus fruits, fruits, nuts, and grapes.

11. A method for treating a skin ulcer by the use of a composition comprising administering to a patient a composition comprising at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of clothianidin and (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate; and at least one enzyme that is cutinase immobilized on a matrix, support, or particle. A composition for protecting the roots and shoots of plants derived from seeds from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, wherein the roots and shoots of plants derived from the treated seeds are protected.

12. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:

1.

13. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:

2.

14. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:

4.

15. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the enzyme cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO:

9.

16. A seed comprising at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of clothianidin and (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate, and at least one enzyme which is cutinase immobilized on a matrix, support, or particle, wherein the roots and shoots of a plant derived from the seed are protected from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, or nematodes.

17. 1. A kit of parts for protecting the roots and shoots of plants derived from seeds from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes comprising as separated ingredients at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of clothianidin and (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate for use in combination with at least one enzyme which is cutinase immobilized on a matrix, support or particle, wherein the roots and shoots of plants derived from the treated seeds are protected.

18. 11. The method or use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein at least one active compound is (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate.

19. 18. A composition or a kit of seeds or parts according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein at least one active compound is (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-8-ium-7-olate.

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