Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has: a transmission unit which transmits location information of the terminal; a reception unit which receives at least first information relating to the arrival angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information and / or second information relating to the radiation angle of a signal onto the terminal based on the location information; and a control unit which determines at least a downlink signal reception beam on the basis of the first information and / or an uplink signal transmission beam on the basis of the second information. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, favorable overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization can be realized.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system. [Background technology]

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later) are also being considered. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] For future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control, management, etc. is being considered. For example, for future wireless communication technologies, it is being considered to use the position of a user terminal (User Equipment (UE)) to determine the transmit and receive beams at the UE.

[0006] However, the specifics of such beam determination have not yet been fully explored. Unless these are properly defined, it may be impossible to achieve appropriate overhead reduction, highly accurate channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0007] Therefore, one object of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can achieve suitable overhead reduction / channel estimation / resource utilization. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a transmitter that transmits location information of the terminal, a receiver that receives at least one of first information regarding an arrival angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information and second information regarding a radiation angle of the signal at the terminal based on the location information, and a controller that determines at least one of a reception beam of a downlink signal based on the first information and a transmission beam of an uplink signal based on the second information. The receiving unit receives a plurality of pieces of information about time offsets associated with at least one of the first information and the second information, and the control unit determines application timing of the first information corresponding to the information about the time offset and the second information corresponding to the information about the time offset based on the information about the time offset. . [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to achieve favorable overhead reduction / channel estimation / resource utilization. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a method for indicating a beam (TCI state) for a PDSCH / PDCCH in Rel. 15 / 16. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a method for setting parameters indicating AoA / AoD according to option 1-1-1-1. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of application of AoA according to option 1-1-3. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a direction grid showing information regarding AoA / AoD according to option 1-2. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] (TCI, spatial relations, QCL) In NR, it is being considered to control the reception processing (e.g., at least one of reception, demapping, demodulation, and decoding) and transmission processing (e.g., at least one of transmission, mapping, precoding, modulation, and encoding) in the UE of at least one of a signal and a channel (referred to as signal / channel) based on the transmission configuration indication state (TCI state).

[0012] The TCI state may represent that which is applied to a downlink signal / channel, and the equivalent of the TCI state which is applied to an uplink signal / channel may be expressed as a spatial relation.

[0013] The TCI state is information about the quasi-co-location (QCL) of signals / channels, and may also be called spatial reception parameters, spatial relation information, etc. The TCI state may be configured in the UE for each channel or signal.

[0014] A QCL is an index that indicates the statistical properties of a signal / channel. For example, if a signal / channel has a QCL relationship with another signal / channel, it may mean that it can be assumed that at least one of the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial parameter (e.g., spatial Rx parameter) is the same between these different signals / channels (i.e., they are QCLs with respect to at least one of these).

[0015] The spatial reception parameters may correspond to a reception beam (e.g., a reception analog beam) of the UE, and the beam may be determined based on a spatial QCL. A QCL (or at least one element of a QCL) in the present disclosure may be replaced with an sQCL (spatial QCL).

[0016] A plurality of types (QCL types) of QCLs may be defined. For example, four QCL types A and B may be provided, each having different parameters (or parameter sets) that can be assumed to be the same. The parameters (which may also be referred to as QCL parameters) are listed below: QCL Type A (QCL-A): Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay and delay spread, QCL Type B (QCL-B): Doppler shift and Doppler spread, QCL Type C (QCL-C): Doppler shift and mean delay, · QCL Type D (QCL-D): Spatial reception parameters.

[0017] The assumption by a UE that a Control Resource Set (CORESET), channel, or reference signal has a specific QCL (e.g., QCL type D) relationship with another CORESET, channel, or reference signal may be referred to as a QCL assumption.

[0018] The UE may determine at least one of a transmit beam (Tx beam) and a receive beam (Rx beam) for a signal / channel based on the TCI condition or QCL assumption of the signal / channel.

[0019] The TCI state may be, for example, information about the QCL between the target channel (in other words, the Reference Signal (RS) for the channel) and another signal (e.g., another RS). The TCI state may be set (indicated) by higher layer signaling, physical layer signaling, or a combination thereof.

[0020] The physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0021] The channel for which the TCI state or spatial relationship is set (specified) may be, for example, at least one of a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), and an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)).

[0022] Furthermore, the RS that has a QCL relationship with the channel may be, for example, at least one of a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a CSI-RS for tracking (also called a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)), and a QCL detection reference signal (also called a QRS).

[0023] An SSB is a signal block that includes at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). An SSB may also be referred to as an SS / PBCH block.

[0024] An RS of QCL type X in a TCI state may refer to an RS that has a relationship of QCL type X with (the DMRS of) a certain channel / signal, and this RS may be called a QCL source of QCL type X in the TCI state.

[0025] The beam for PDSCH / PDCCH in Rel.15 / 16 is dictated by the TCI state (see Figure 1).

[0026] As shown in Figure 1, a (pool / list containing) L TCI states is configured for the UE using RRC, where L may be up to 128.

[0027] As shown in Figure 1, for PDCCH, K TCI states are configured for each CORESET from the pool of TCI states using RRC, where K may be up to 64. If K > 1, the UE activates / indicates one TCI state for each CORESET using MAC CE.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1, for the PDSCH, M TCI states are activated from the pool of TCI states using the MAC CE, where M may be up to 8. If an RRC parameter (e.g., tci-presentInDCI) is configured to indicate to the UE that a TCI field is included in the DCI, the UE is indicated one TCI state to apply to the PDSCH using (a TCI field included in) the DCI.

[0029] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to wireless communications) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0030] Fingerprinting localization, which estimates the location of wireless devices by utilizing the propagation characteristics of wireless signals, is widely used in both Line of Site (LOS) and Non-Line of Site (NLOS) scenarios.

[0031] In this disclosure, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in an environment where they can see each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in an environment where they can see each other (or there are obstructions).

[0032] Fingerprinting location estimates the UE's location based on a database / AI model from the fingerprints of the UE's multiple transmission paths (multipath).

[0033] Consideration is being given to turning this method to its advantage by building and training a database / AI model that can infer information about multiple paths from the UE's position.

[0034] The multipath information may be, for example, information relating to the Angle of Arrival (AoA) / Angle of Departure (AoD) of the signal for optimal / candidate transmission paths.

[0035] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include, for example, information on at least one of azimuth angles of arrival and zenith angles of arrival, and the information on AoD may include, for example, information on at least one of azimuth angles of departure and zenith angles of departure.

[0036] By using the AoA / AoD of such an optimal transmission path, it is believed that the beam transmitted by the base station (network, gNB) (also called the Tx beam) and the beam received by the UE (Rx beam) can be determined without performing beam sweeping.

[0037] In NR, the quality of the communication link between the base station and the UE is ultimately determined by the selection of the Tx beam (at the base station) and the Rx beam (at the terminal) (which may also be called a beam pair). The UE knows which Rx beam to use from the beam instruction. In DL transmission, the UE relies on the beam instruction from the base station to determine which receive beam to use to receive DL data.

[0038] The optimal Tx beam for different Rx beams may be different, and the optimal Rx beam for different Tx beams may be different.

[0039] The Rx beam selection / decision is transparent to the base station. Essentially, the optimum Rx beam should be determined based on the AoA of the signal seen by the UE. However, in existing specifications, the Rx beam selection / decision is transparent to the base station, and the base station must repeatedly transmit using the same Tx beam to allow the UE to measure / select / decide the Rx beam by itself.

[0040] The base station uses the TCI status to instruct the UE on the Tx beam (of the base station) to use for transmitting signals, and the UE receives the signals using the Rx beam paired with the instructed beam.

[0041] In millimeter wave (mmW) environments, base stations and UEs need to support a large number of Tx and Rx beams. Supporting optimal beam pair selection / determination can increase the overhead of beam measurement signals and the UE power consumption. Assuming M Tx beams and N Rx beams, a total of M × N measurements are required to select / determine the optimal beam pair.

[0042] Even if only the optimal Rx beam changes and not the optimal Tx beam (e.g., when the UE rotates), a reference signal (RS) for beam maintenance may be required to avoid beam obstructions.

[0043] By utilizing AI, the base station may be able to predict the AoA of the UE's signal. By informing the UE of the AoA information of the signal, the UE can determine the Rx beam (without Rx beam sweeping), which may reduce the signal overhead for beam measurement.

[0044] However, the beamforming method using AoA / AoD has not been sufficiently studied. Without sufficient study, it may be impossible to achieve appropriate overhead reduction, highly accurate channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0045] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a control method suitable for beam determination using information on AoA / AoD. Note that each embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied when AI / prediction is not used.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal (user equipment (UE)) / base station (BS) trains an ML model in a training mode and executes the ML model in a test mode (also referred to as a test mode, etc.). In the test mode, the accuracy of the ML model trained in the training mode may be validated.

[0047] In the present disclosure, the UE / BS may input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the ML model and output highly accurate channel state information / measurements / beam selection / position, future channel state information / radio link quality, etc.

[0048] In this disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also referred to as a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: · inferences based on observed or collected information; · making choices based on information observed or collected; · Predictions based on observed or collected information.

[0049] In the present disclosure, the object may be, for example, an apparatus, a device, etc., such as a terminal or a base station. The object may also correspond to a program included in the apparatus.

[0050] In addition, in the present disclosure, an ML model may be interpreted as an object having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics: - Producing estimates by feeding information, · Predicting estimates by giving information, · Discover features by providing information, · Selecting behavior by providing information.

[0051] In the present disclosure, the term "ML model" may be read as at least one of a model, an AI model, predictive analytics, a predictive analysis model, etc. The term "ML model" may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), a support vector machine, a random forest, a neural network, deep learning, etc. In the present disclosure, the term "model" may be read as at least one of an encoder, a decoder, a tool, etc.

[0052] Based on input information, the ML model outputs at least one piece of information, such as an estimate, a prediction, a selected action, or a classification.

[0053] ML models may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Supervised learning may be used to learn general rules that map inputs to outputs. Unsupervised learning may be used to learn features of data. Reinforcement learning may be used to learn behaviors to maximize a goal.

[0054] Each embodiment described below will be mainly described assuming that supervised learning is used for the ML model, but is not limited to this.

[0055] In this disclosure, terms such as implementing, operating, operating, and executing may be interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, terms such as testing, after-training, live use, and actual use may be interchangeable. Signal may be interchangeable with signal / channel.

[0056] In this disclosure, the training mode may refer to a mode in which the UE / BS transmits / receives signals for an ML model (i.e., a mode of operation during training). In this disclosure, the test mode may refer to a mode in which the UE / BS implements an ML model (e.g., implements a trained ML model to predict outputs) (i.e., a mode of operation during testing).

[0057] In the present disclosure, the training mode may refer to a mode in which a particular signal transmitted in the test mode is transmitted with a large overhead (e.g., a large amount of resources).

[0058] In the present disclosure, a training mode may refer to a mode that refers to a first configuration (e.g., a first DMRS configuration or a first CSI-RS configuration). In the present disclosure, a test mode may refer to a mode that refers to a second configuration (e.g., a second DMRS configuration or a second CSI-RS configuration) that is different from the first configuration. The first configuration may be configured with at least one of more time resources, frequency resources, code resources, and ports (antenna ports) related to measurements than the second configuration.

[0059] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0060] In the following embodiments, to explain an ML model for communication between a UE and a BS, the relevant entities are a UE and a BS, but application of each embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, for communication between other entities (e.g., communication between UEs), the UE and BS in the following embodiments may be read as a first UE and a second UE. In other words, the UE, BS, etc. in the present disclosure may all be read as any UE / BS.

[0061] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0062] In the present disclosure, terms such as activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0063] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0064] In the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and the like, or a combination thereof.

[0065] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0066] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0067] In this disclosure, the terms index, identifier (ID), indicator, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, the terms sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0068] In the present disclosure, the terms panel, UE panel, panel group, antenna group, UE capability value, UE capability value set, specific (pool) index included in PUSCH configuration, specific (pool) index included in PUCCH configuration, specific (pool) index included in SRS configuration, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmitting entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relation, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), Antenna Port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (RS)), and so on are used interchangeably. Signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relationship group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI stateThe terms "quasi-co-location state," "quasi-co-location (QCL)," "QCL assumption," etc. may be interchangeable. The UE capability value set may include, for example, the maximum number of supported SRS ports.

[0069] In the following embodiments, the angle at which a signal arrives at a UE, AoA at the UE, AoA, and AoA at the base station may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the angle at which a signal is emitted at a UE, AoD at the UE, and AoD at the base station may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, AoA and AoD may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, UE and base station may be interchangeable.

[0070] In the present disclosure, the terms signal, channel, reference signal, and channel / signal / RS may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the DL channel / signal may be at least one of a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), and a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS). In the present disclosure, the UL channel / signal may be at least one of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS).

[0071] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0072] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0073] Each embodiment / aspect / option / alternative / variation of the present disclosure may be used under at least one of the following conditions: · (Explicitly) set the corresponding upper layer parameters. (Implicitly) setting related higher layer parameters. · MAC CE / DCI (fields included in) indication. · (Reported) UE Capability. -As specified in the specifications. · Specific conditions set out in the specifications. · Configuration / indication by at least one of higher layer parameters, MAC CE, DCI and (reported) UE capabilities.

[0074] Each embodiment / aspect / option / variation of the present disclosure may be used alone or in combination.

[0075] (Wireless communication method) <0th embodiment> The base station may notify the UE of information regarding AoA / AoD.

[0076] The UE may determine the (optimal) Rx beam based on information about AoA notified by the base station.

[0077] The UE may determine the (optimal) Tx beam based on information about AoD (at the UE) notified by the base station.

[0078] The UE may determine at least one of the Rx beam to be used for receiving DL signals and the Tx beam to be used for transmitting UL signals by following steps #0 to #4 below.

[0079] [Step #0] The base station may receive / obtain information regarding the location of the UE.

[0080] The UE may transmit / report information regarding the location of the UE.

[0081] For example, the information about the location of the UE may be information based on UE location determination defined in a specification, or may be information about the location of the UE based on reference signals (e.g., PRS / SRS).

[0082] Furthermore, for example, the information regarding the location of the UE may be information regarding the location of the UE based on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) / Global Positioning System (GPS).

[0083] [Step #1] The base station may estimate the transmission path of the signal based on information about the location of the UE.

[0084] The transmission path may be a transmission path with the best (highest) signal reception power / reception quality (for example, RSRP / RSRQ / SINR) at the UE.

[0085] The transmission path may be indicated using AoA / AoD.

[0086] The base station may determine the Tx beam (at the base station) based on the AoD (which may be the AoD at the base station).

[0087] The UE may determine an Rx beam (at the UE) based on the AoA (which may be the AoA at the UE). The UE may determine a Tx beam (at the UE) based on the AoD (which may be the AoD at the UE).

[0088] The estimation of the transmission path at the base station may be performed in an AI model / database at the base station.

[0089] [Step #2] The base station may transmit / notify information about the estimated AoA / AoD to the UE.

[0090] The information about AoA may be information about AoA for DL ​​reception, and the information about AoD may be information about AoD (in the UE) for UL transmission.

[0091] [Step #3] The UE may determine at least one of an Rx beam to be used for receiving DL signals and a Tx beam to be used for transmitting UL signals based on the information regarding the AoA / AoD.

[0092] First Embodiment In the first embodiment, a method for notifying information relating to AoA / AoD will be described.

[0093] The UE may receive information regarding AoA / AoD indicated by specific information.

[0094] The specific information may be, for example, at least one of the following options 1-1 and 1-2: The UE / base station may also use a combination of the following options 1-1 and 1-2.

[0095] Option 1-1 Information regarding AoA / AoD may be presented based on numerical / quantized values ​​of specific angles.

[0096] The specific angle may be expressed as an angle in a global coordinate system (GCS) / local coordinate system (LCS). A GCS may be defined for a system including multiple base stations and multiple UEs. An array antenna for one base station or one UE may also be defined in the LCS. The LCS is used as a reference for defining the vector far-field of each antenna element in the array. The vector far-field includes a pattern and polarization. The arrangement of the array within the GCS may be defined by a transformation between the GCS and the LCS. The GCS / LCS may be derived, for example, based on definitions and transformation formulas (specified in specifications) that would be recognizable to a person skilled in the art.

[0097] The particular angle may be a combination of a first angle and a second angle, for example, the first angle may be a horizontal angle and the second angle may be a vertical angle.

[0098] The GCS / LCS may be predefined or may be notified to the UE using higher layer signaling / DCI.

[0099] The UE may determine the reference of the angle to be notified based on the GCS / LCS. The UE may determine the first axis of the three axes constituting the GCS / LCS as the reference of the first angle, and the second axis as the reference of the second angle.

[0100] In the case of the GCS, each of the three axes constituting the GCS may be determined to be in a specific direction. For example, in the case of the GCS, each of the three axes constituting the GCS may be in a specific orientation (e.g., north direction / east direction / up (vertical) direction).

[0101] The first angle / second angle may be expressed using a particular range / granularity.

[0102] The specific range may be, for example, a range from a first value to a second value. For example, the first value may be 0° and the second value may be 180°. Alternatively, for example, the first value may be 0° and the second value may be 360°. Alternatively, for example, the first value may be -θ° (θ is any integer) and the second value may be θ°.

[0103] The specific granularity may be, for example, in units of 1 degree, in units of 10 degrees, or in units of any other angle.

[0104] Although the angle unit in this disclosure will be described mainly as degrees, the angle unit is not limited to this. For example, the angle unit may be radians.

[0105] As an example, the first angle and the second angle ((first angle, second angle)) may be expressed as (65 (degrees, °), 80 (degrees, °)).

[0106] [Option 1-1-1] The UE may receive information regarding AoA / AoD according to at least one of the following options 1-1-1-1 to 1-1-1-3: The UE / base station may use a combination of at least two of the following options 1-1-1-1 to 1-1-1-3.

[0107] (Option 1-1-1-1) The UE may receive information about AoA / AoD using RRC signaling (RRC parameters).

[0108] The RRC parameter may be a parameter indicating AoA / AoD.

[0109] The parameter indicating the AoA / AoD may be included in the parameters related to the cell configuration, or may be included in the parameters for configuring the DL / UL channels / signals.

[0110] The parameter indicating the AoA / AoD may be included in at least one of a parameter for setting the TCI state (TCI-State), a parameter for setting QCL information (QCL-Info), and a parameter related to cell configuration. In order to notify the parameter indicating the AoA / AoD, at least one of a parameter for setting the TCI state (TCI-State), a parameter for setting QCL information (QCL-Info), and a parameter related to cell configuration in the existing specifications (Rel.15-17) may be extended.

[0111] The parameters indicating the AoA / AoD may include at least one of information indicating the type of AoA / AoD, information indicating the first angle of the AoA / AoD, and information indicating the second angle of the AoA / AoD.

[0112] The information indicating the type of AoA / AoD may indicate, for example, either GCS or LCS. The information indicating the first angle of the AoA / AoD may be, for example, information indicating the horizontal angle of the AoA / AoD. The information indicating the second angle of the AoA / AoD may be, for example, information indicating the vertical angle of the AoA / AoD.

[0113] 2 is a diagram showing an example of a method for setting a parameter indicating AoA / AoD according to Option 1-1-1-1. In FIG. 2, a parameter indicating AoA is set for a UE using RRC signaling.

[0114] In the example shown in Fig. 2, parameters for setting the TCI state include a parameter indicating the AoA. In the example shown in Fig. 2, the parameters indicating the AoA include information indicating the type of AoA / AoD (AoA type), information indicating a first angle of the AoA / AoD (AoA Horizontal), and information indicating a second angle of the AoA / AoD (AoA Vertical).

[0115] (Option 1-1-1-2) The UE may receive information regarding AoA / AoD using the MAC CE.

[0116] A MAC CE that notifies information related to AoA / AoD may include a new LCID (Logical Channel ID) (defined in Rel. 18 and later) in the MAC subheader of a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) that includes the MAC CE.

[0117] For the MAC CE that notifies information about AoA / AoD, the existing MAC CE (defined in Rel. 15 / 16 / 17) may be used. For the MAC CE that notifies information about AoA / AoD, an octet / field containing information about AoA / AoD may be added to the existing MAC CE.

[0118] (Option 1-1-1-3) The UE may receive information regarding AoA / AoD using DCI.

[0119] The DCI may include a field indicating AoA / AoD.

[0120] The UE may determine the AoA / AoD based on the value of the field indicating the AoA / AoD.

[0121] For example, the UE may determine the AoA / AoD from the AoA / AoD configured by the RRC parameters described in Option 1-1-1-1 above using the value of the field indicating the AoA / AoD.

[0122] The field indicating AoA / AoD may be a new field defined in Rel. 18 or later. If the field is included in the DCI, the UE may ignore certain fields in the DCI (e.g., the TCI field).

[0123] The field indicating the AoA / AoD may be a TCI field. The UE may receive (using higher layer (RRC) signaling) an association between the TCI status / QCL information and information related to the AoA / AoD. The UE may determine the AoA / AoD based on the information related to the AoA / AoD associated with the TCI status in the indicated TCI field.

[0124] The field indicating the AoA / AoD may be an SRI field. The UE may receive (using higher layer (RRC) signaling) an association of at least one of an SRS resource and spatial relationship information corresponding to the SRS with information regarding the AoA / AoD. The UE may determine the AoA / AoD based on the information regarding the AoA / AoD associated with the SRS resource / spatial relationship in the indicated SRI field.

[0125] [Option 1-1-2] The base station may notify the UE of information about AoA / AoD candidates corresponding to the transmission path, or may notify the UE of a plurality of pieces of information.

[0126] This information may be notified to the UE using the method described in Option 1-1-1 above.

[0127] The UE may determine / select one or more AoAs / AoDs from the plurality of pieces of information based on measurements at the UE.

[0128] According to option 1-2, in the case of NLOS, it is possible to maintain communication quality even when sudden blocking or the like occurs.

[0129] [Option 1-1-3] The AoA / AoD may be associated with a timing offset for application of the AoA / AoD.

[0130] The base station may signal / indicate to the UE multiple AoA / AoDs associated with different timing offsets.

[0131] The UE may adapt / configure the corresponding Rx beam (which shifts in time) based on the notified / instructed timing offsets.

[0132] The timing offset may indicate the period from a specific timing (e.g., receipt of an instruction regarding AoA / AoD, transmission of a confirmation (which may be higher layer signaling or HARQ-ACK) for receipt of the instruction, etc.) to application of the AoA / AoD.

[0133] Among the multiple timing offsets corresponding to AoA / AoD, the timing offset corresponding to a first AoA / AoD may indicate a period from receipt of an instruction regarding the AoA / AoD to application of the first AoA / AoD. Among the multiple timing offsets corresponding to AoA / AoD, the timing offset corresponding to an nth AoA / AoD (n is an integer equal to or greater than 2) may indicate a period from application of the (n-1)th AoA / AoD to application of the nth AoA / AoD.

[0134] Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of application of AoA according to option 1-1-3. In the example shown in Fig. 3, a UE receives instructions regarding AoA#1 and AoA#2. Note that although Fig. 3 illustrates an example related to AoA, it is also applicable to operations related to AoD.

[0135] In the example shown in Figure 3, AoA#1 and AoA#2 are associated with time offset #1 and time offset #2, respectively. The UE determines to apply the Rx beam using AoA#1 from the timing of time offset #1 after receiving the instruction (the last symbol of the resource). The UE also determines to apply the Rx beam using AoA#2 from the timing of time offset #2 after application of AoA#1.

[0136] According to Option 1-1, by notifying information about angles, the UE can determine the Rx / Tx beam to use.

[0137] Option 1-2 Information regarding the AoA / AoD may be shown based on information regarding a direction grid.

[0138] The information about the direction grid may be defined in advance in a specification, or may be configured in the UE using higher layer signaling.

[0139] The geometric / geographical space may be divided into grids according to a particular granularity / range, and each grid may be assigned a separate index.

[0140] The direction grid may be constructed based on a predefined mathematical formula with predefined / set parameters.

[0141] One grid may correspond to information relating to angles in the horizontal direction and information relating to angles in the vertical direction.

[0142] Each grid may be associated with either a GCS or an LCS, and the UE may assume / determine that a grid is associated with a GCS if the grid is not associated with a GCS or an LCS.

[0143] The particular granularity / range may be predefined / set.

[0144] [Option 1-2-1] The base station may notify / configure the UE with information regarding the particular granularity / range in the direction grid.

[0145] The notification / indication may be performed using higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC).

[0146] The granularity may indicate how many grids the space is divided into in the horizontal / vertical directions. The granularity may also indicate the distance between grids in the horizontal / vertical directions of the space (i.e., the number of divisions). The distance between grids in the horizontal / vertical directions of the space may be expressed in degrees or may be expressed in phase differences between each antenna (in the horizontal / vertical directions).

[0147] The range may indicate the length of the boundary (extent) of the horizontal / vertical directional grid.

[0148] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a direction grid showing information related to AoA / AoD according to Option 1-2. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the geometric space is divided at a specific granularity / range. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the space is divided at a granularity of 1° horizontally and 1° vertically. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the range of the direction grid is from 0° to 180°. Each grid is assigned an index.

[0149] In the example shown in Figure 4, the UE is instructed to the index of the direction grid, and the UE determines the corresponding horizontal and vertical angles in the direction grid corresponding to the instructed index, and uses the determined angles as the AoA / AoD.

[0150] The granularity / range of the direction grid is not limited to the example shown in Fig. 4. The granularity of the direction grid may be, for example, any size. The range of the direction grid may be, for example, a range from a value smaller than 0 to a value larger than 180.

[0151] [Option 1-2-2] The UE may receive information about AoA / AoD (information about grid index) according to at least one of the following options 1-2-2-1 to 1-2-2-3: The UE / base station may use a combination of at least two of the following options 1-2-2-1 to 1-2-2-3.

[0152] (Option 1-2-2-1) The UE may receive information about AoA / AoD using RRC signaling (RRC parameters).

[0153] The RRC parameter may be a parameter indicating an index (grid index) associated with the AoA / AoD.

[0154] The parameter may be included in the parameters related to the cell configuration, or may be included in the parameters for configuring the DL / UL channels / signals.

[0155] The parameter may be included in at least one of a parameter for setting the TCI state (TCI-State), a parameter for setting QCL information (QCL-Info), and a parameter related to cell configuration. In order to notify the parameter, at least one of a parameter for setting the TCI state (TCI-State), a parameter for setting QCL information (QCL-Info), and a parameter related to cell configuration in the existing specifications (Rel.15-17) may be extended.

[0156] The parameter may be associated with either a GCS or an LCS, and the UE may assume / determine that the parameter is associated with a GCS if the parameter is not associated with a GCS or an LCS.

[0157] (Option 1-2-2-2) The UE may receive information (grid index) regarding AoA / AoD using the MAC CE.

[0158] A MAC CE that notifies information (grid index) related to AoA / AoD may include a new LCID (Logical Channel ID) (specified in Rel. 18 and later) in the MAC subheader of the MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) containing the MAC CE.

[0159] For MAC CE that notifies information about AoA / AoD (grid index), the existing MAC CE (defined in Rel. 15 / 16 / 17) may be used. For MAC CE that notifies information about AoA / AoD, an octet / field containing information about AoA / AoD may be added to the existing MAC CE.

[0160] (Option 1-2-2-3) The UE may receive information (grid index) regarding AoA / AoD using DCI.

[0161] The DCI may include a field indicating the grid index.

[0162] The UE may determine the AoA / AoD based on the value of the field indicating the grid index.

[0163] For example, the UE may determine the AoA / AoD using the value of the field indicating the grid index from the parameters set by the RRC parameters described in Option 1-2-2-1 above.

[0164] The field indicating the grid index may be a field that is newly defined (in Rel. 18 or later). If this field is included in the DCI, the UE may ignore certain fields in the DCI (e.g., the TCI field).

[0165] The field indicating the grid index may be a TCI field. The UE may receive (using higher layer (RRC) signaling) an association between the TCI state / QCL information and the information regarding the grid index. The UE may determine AoA / AoD based on the information regarding the grid index associated with the TCI state of the indicated TCI field.

[0166] The field indicating the AoD may be an SRI field. The UE may receive (using higher layer (RRC) signaling) an association of at least one of an SRS resource and spatial relationship information corresponding to the SRS with information about a grid index. The UE may determine the AoA / AoD based on the information about the grid index associated with the SRS resource / spatial relationship in the indicated SRI field.

[0167] [Option 1-2-3] The base station may notify the UE of information about AoA / AoD candidates corresponding to transmission paths (information about grid indexes). The base station may notify the UE of a plurality of pieces of this information.

[0168] This information may be notified to the UE using the method described in option 1-2-1 above.

[0169] The UE may determine / select one or more grid indices (AoA / AoD) from the plurality of pieces of information based on measurements at the UE.

[0170] According to option 1-2-3, in the case of NLOS, it is possible to maintain communication quality even when sudden blocking or the like occurs.

[0171] [Option 1-2-4] A grid (AoA / AoD) may be associated with a timing offset for application of that AoA / AoD.

[0172] The base station may signal / indicate to the UE the indices of multiple grids associated with different timing offsets.

[0173] The UE may adapt / configure the corresponding Rx beam (which shifts in time) based on the notified / instructed timing offsets.

[0174] The timing offset may indicate the period of time between receiving an instruction regarding a grid index (AoA / AoD) and applying the AoA / AoD corresponding to that grid index.

[0175] The timing offset may indicate the period from a specific timing (e.g., receipt of an instruction regarding a grid index (AoA / AoD), transmission of a confirmation (which may be higher layer signaling or HARQ-ACK) for receipt of the instruction, etc.) to application of the AoA / AoD.

[0176] Among the multiple timing offsets corresponding to grid indexes, the timing offset corresponding to a first grid index may indicate a period from receipt of an instruction related to the grid index to application of the AoA / AoD corresponding to the first grid index. Among the multiple timing offsets corresponding to grid indexes, the timing offset corresponding to the AoA / AoD corresponding to the nth grid index (n is an integer equal to or greater than 2) may indicate a period from application of the AoA / AoD corresponding to the (n-1)th grid index to application of the AoA / AoD corresponding to the nth grid index.

[0177] According to Option 1-2, the UE can determine the Rx / Tx beam to use by notifying angle information using the grid index.

[0178] According to the first embodiment, it is possible to appropriately determine the Rx beam / Tx beam to be used by the UE.

[0179] <Second embodiment> In the second embodiment, a method for determining a beam for a UE based on an instruction from a base station will be described.

[0180] The UE may determine / judge at least one of the Rx beam to be used for receiving DL signals and the Tx beam to be used for UL transmission based on settings / instructions from the base station (e.g., information regarding AoA / AoD described in the first embodiment).

[0181] The UE may make Rx beam / Tx beam decisions according to at least one of options 2-1 to 2-5 below.

[0182] Option 2-1 If the indicated AoA / AoD is based on the GCS, the UE may convert the AoA / AoD to a value based on the LCS.

[0183] The UE may determine the (appropriate) Rx beam / Tx beam that matches the indicated direction.

[0184] The UE may determine / decide the change in direction based on information about a given sensor.

[0185] The UE may recognize the Rx beam (which may also be called an Rx beam pattern) / Tx beam (which may also be called a Tx beam pattern) in the determined / converted AoA / AoD. In this case, the base station may not recognize the Rx beam / Tx beam recognized by the UE.

[0186] Option 2-2 The UE may send / report feedback information regarding the UE's beam settings / instructions to the base station.

[0187] The feedback information may be transmitted using UCI, for example. The UE may transmit the feedback information using UCI (for example, HARQ-ACK information / CSI report).

[0188] When the base station instructs the UE to provide information about multiple AoAs / AoDs, the UE may report one or more selected / determined AoAs / AoDs to the base station.

[0189] Option 2-3 The UE may transmit / feed back a request for measurements in the indicated beam / direction to the base station.

[0190] The measurement may be performed by the UE for the Rx beam or by the base station for the Tx beam. The base station may send information (e.g., trigger information) to the UE to cause the UE to perform measurements for the requested beam / direction, and the UE may perform the measurements. The base station may send information (e.g., trigger information) to the UE to cause the UE to transmit for the requested beam / direction, and the UE may transmit, and the base station may perform the measurements.

[0191] The feedback may be transmitted using UCI, for example. The UE may transmit the feedback using UCI (for example, HARQ-ACK information / CSI report).

[0192] When the base station instructs the UE to provide information about multiple AoAs / AoDs, the UE may report one or more selected / determined AoAs / AoDs to the base station.

[0193] If the measurement result for the request is below a certain threshold, the UE may send a request to the base station to switch / fall back to beam direction using TCI status / QCL information (or beam determination using beam sweeping). The base station may send information to the UE that sent the request to disable beam determination based on AoA / AoD (or enable beam determination using beam sweeping).

[0194] According to this method, even if the beam quality in beam direction using AoA / AoD is poor, the beam quality can be guaranteed by falling back to beam determination using beam sweeping.

[0195] Option 2-4 The UE may send feedback information about the instructed Tx beam (beam / direction to use for UL transmission) to the base station.

[0196] The feedback information may be transmitted using UCI, for example. The UE may transmit the feedback information using UCI (for example, HARQ-ACK information / CSI report).

[0197] 《Option 2-5》 The UE may determine that a report regarding the UE's location and / or a request for information regarding AoA / AoD is triggered.

[0198] The UE may determine that the trigger occurs if certain conditions are met.

[0199] The specific condition may be, for example, a condition based on the rotation of the UE. When the UE determines that the UE (itself) has rotated, the UE may determine to perform at least one of updating the Rx beam / Tx beam and requesting information on the AoA / AoD. When the instructed AoA / AoD corresponds to the GCS, the UE may determine not to perform at least one of updating the Rx beam / Tx beam and requesting information on the AoA / AoD.

[0200] The UE may determine its rotation based on at least one of sensor-based information and measurements of particular DL signals.

[0201] The specific condition may be, for example, a condition based on the movement of the UE. When the UE determines that the UE has moved, the UE may determine to perform at least one of updating the Rx beam / Tx beam and reporting the location of the UE.

[0202] The UE may determine its movement based on at least one of sensor-based information and measurements of particular DL signals.

[0203] [Option 2-5-1] The UE may periodically send a report regarding the UE's location and / or a request for information regarding AoA / AoD.

[0204] The base station may configure the UE to periodically report its location, which may be configured using higher layer signaling / DCI.

[0205] The UE may transmit the location information by including the information in the PUSCH / PUCCH based on the content of the location information to be reported.

[0206] The base station may configure the UE to periodically send requests for information on AoA / AoD, which may be configured using higher layer signaling / DCI.

[0207] The UE may transmit a request for information on AoA / AoD using a PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS. For example, when the UE transmits a request for information on AoA / AoD using an SRS, the SRS may be generated / transmitted with scrambling based on the request.

[0208] [Option 2-5-2] The UE may send a report about its location and / or a request for information about AoA / AoD based on certain events.

[0209] The specific event may be defined in advance in a specification, or a condition may be set for the UE using higher layer signaling.

[0210] The specific event may be, for example, at least one of the following: the UE's location changes by more than a specific threshold; and the received power / received quality (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR / BLER (Block Error Rate)) of the received signal falls below a specific threshold (requirement).

[0211] The UE may transmit a report on its location and / or a request for information on AoA / AoD using PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS.

[0212] According to the second embodiment described above, the Rx beam / Tx beam to be used by the UE can be appropriately determined.

[0213] <Third embodiment> In the third embodiment, switching / fallback between beam instruction using AoA / AoD and beam instruction using TCI status / QCL information will be described.

[0214] In the present disclosure, beam indication using AoA / AoD, beam indication using information about AoA / AoD, and AoA / AoD-based beam indication may be read interchangeably.

[0215] In the present disclosure, beam indication using TCI status / QCL information, beam indication using a specific type of QCL (e.g., QCL type D), TCI status / QCL information based beam indication, QCL type D based beam indication, and beam indication based on beam sweeping / measurement report may be read interchangeably.

[0216] The UE may support switching / fallback between beam direction using AoA / AoD and beam direction using TCI status / QCL information.

[0217] The UE may decide to switch / fall back between beam indication using AoA / AoD and beam indication using TCI status / QCL information based on certain conditions.

[0218] The UE may assume that a field included in the DCI is changed depending on whether beam direction using AoA / AoD is applied or beam direction using TCI status / QCL information is applied. Furthermore, the UE may interpret a specific field included in the DCI differently depending on whether beam direction using AoA / AoD is applied (or beam direction using TCI status / QCL information is applied) or beam direction using TCI status / QCL information is applied (or beam direction using AoA / AoD is applied).

[0219] The particular condition may be whether (information about) the location of the UE is available. For example, whether (information about) the location of the UE is available may be determined by whether an RRC parameter indicating whether to include common location information (e.g., "includeCommonLocationInfo") is set to "true (or enabled)" for the UE.

[0220] For example, the UE may determine to apply beam direction using AoA / AoD if the UE's location is available, and to apply beam direction using TCI status / QCL information if the UE's location is not available.

[0221] The specific condition may also be whether or not a specific UE capability / base station capability is restricted, for example, the UE capability / base station capability may be a capability related to beam pointing using AoA / AoD.

[0222] For example, the UE may determine to apply beam direction using AoA / AoD if the UE / base station supports the capability for beam direction using AoA / AoD, and to apply beam direction using TCI status / QCL information if the UE / base station does not support the capability for beam direction using AoA / AoD.

[0223] The specific condition may be based on inaccuracy of AoA / AoD-based estimation. For example, the inaccuracy of AoA / AoD-based estimation may be at least one of the following: the received power / received quality (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ / SINR / BLER (Block Error Rate)) of a received signal using a beam using AoA / AoD falls below a specific threshold (requirement), and a beam failure occurs.

[0224] For example, the UE may determine to apply beam direction using AoA / AoD when the received power / reception quality of the received signal is above a certain threshold, and to apply beam direction using TCI status / QCL information when the received power / reception quality of the received signal is below a certain threshold.

[0225] The base station may notify / configure / instruct the UE about information regarding the beam pointing mode.

[0226] The beam pointing mode may be either a beam pointing mode using AoA / AoD or a beam pointing mode using TCI status / QCL information.

[0227] Information regarding the beam direction mode may be notified / configured / instructed to the UE using higher layer signaling (RRC / MAC CE) / DCI.

[0228] An RRC parameter may be used for the information regarding the beam pointing mode. The RRC parameter may be newly defined (for example, in Rel. 18 or later).

[0229] Furthermore, the RRC parameter may be included in either a parameter for setting the TCI state (e.g., TCI-State) or a parameter for setting the QCL information (e.g., QCL-Info). In other words, in order to notify the RRC parameter, either a parameter for setting the TCI state (e.g., TCI-State) or a parameter for setting the QCL information (e.g., QCL-Info) may be extended.

[0230] For information regarding the mode of beam pointing, MAC CE may be used.

[0231] The MAC CE may include a new (defined in Rel. 18 and later) LCID (Logical Channel ID) in the MAC subheader of the MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) that includes the MAC CE.

[0232] Alternatively, the existing MAC CE (defined in Rel. 15 / 16 / 17) may be used for the MAC CE. Alternatively, an octet / field including information about the beam direction mode may be added to the existing MAC CE.

[0233] For information regarding the beam pointing mode, DCI may be used, and the DCI may include a field indicating the beam pointing mode.

[0234] The UE may use an UL channel (e.g., PUSCH / PUCCH) to trigger / report to the base station the switching of the beam pointing mode.

[0235] <Other embodiments> At least one of the above embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a particular UE capability.

[0236] The specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: · Capabilities related to UE location (location information). ·Ability to estimate the direction of transmission / reception of signals. · Capability for estimation of at least one of the DL Rx beam and UL Tx beam. Ability to convert AoA / AoD indicated by GCS into LCS depending on its direction. Maximum number of supported direction grids (granularity / range).

[0237] The UE capabilities may be reported per frequency, per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), Frequency Range 2 (FR2), FR2-1, FR2-2), per cell, or per subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)).

[0238] The UE capabilities may be reported jointly for Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), or may be reported independently.

[0239] At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied when the UE is configured with specific information related to the above-described embodiments by higher layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating that the use of an AI model for beam determination is enabled, any RRC parameter for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18 / 19), etc.

[0240] According to the above and other embodiments, the UE can achieve the above functions while maintaining compatibility with existing specifications.

[0241] (wireless communication system) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0242] 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0243] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0244] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0245] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and the SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0246] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The locations and numbers of the cells and user terminals 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0247] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0248] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0249] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0250] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (for example, optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 interface, or the like) or wirelessly (for example, NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0251] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0252] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal compatible with at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0253] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the radio communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0254] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (for example, other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0255] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0256] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.

[0257] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit Master Information Block (MIB).

[0258] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0259] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as an UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

[0260] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources to search for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor a CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0261] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be called a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space setting," "search space set setting," "CORESET," "CORESET setting," etc. in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0262] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), acknowledgement information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0263] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0264] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted as DL-RS.

[0265] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including the SS (PSS, SSS) and the PBCH (and DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as reference signals.

[0266] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0267] (base station) 6 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0268] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0269] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0270] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0271] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0272] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0273] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0274] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0275] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0276] The transceiver 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0277] The transceiver 120 (transmission processor 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0278] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0279] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna .

[0280] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0281] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0282] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30, other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0283] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0284] The transceiver 120 may receive location information of a terminal. The transceiver 120 may transmit at least one of first information regarding an arrival angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information and second information regarding an emission angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information. The control unit 110 may use the first information to instruct at least one of a reception beam for a downlink signal at the terminal and a transmission beam for an uplink signal at the terminal using the second information (0th and 1st embodiments).

[0285] (user terminal) 7 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0286] Note that this example mainly shows functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0287] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0288] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0289] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured from a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0290] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0291] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

[0292] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0293] The transceiver 220 may form at least one of a transmission beam and a reception beam using digital beamforming (for example, precoding), analog beamforming (for example, phase rotation), or the like.

[0294] The transceiver 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0295] The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0296] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, the transceiver unit 220 may not perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0297] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation to a radio frequency band, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0298] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0299] The transceiver 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0300] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0301] The transmitting section and receiving section of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0302] The transceiver 220 may transmit location information of the terminal. The transceiver 220 may receive at least one of first information regarding an arrival angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information and second information regarding an emission angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information. The control unit 210 may determine at least one of a reception beam of a downlink signal based on the first information and a transmission beam of an uplink signal based on the second information (the 0th and 1st embodiments).

[0303] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive a plurality of pieces of information about time offsets associated with at least one of the first information and the second information. The control unit 210 may determine application timings of the first information corresponding to the information about the time offset and the second information corresponding to the information about the time offset based on the information about the time offset (first embodiment).

[0304] The control unit 210 may control the transmission of feedback information for at least one of the first information and the second information (second embodiment).

[0305] The control unit 210 may determine, based on specific conditions, whether to switch between applying a beam based on at least one of the first information and the second information and applying a beam based on at least one of a transmission configuration instruction (TCI) state and quasi-colocation (QCL) information (third embodiment).

[0306] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or multiple devices with software.

[0307] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As mentioned above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0308] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0309] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be read interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0310] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0311] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0312] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transmission / reception unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0313] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be realized in a similar manner.

[0314] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, a cache, a main memory, or the like. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, and the like for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0315] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be constituted by at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as a secondary storage device.

[0316] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0317] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0318] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0319] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0320] (Variation) Note that terms explained in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0321] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0322] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, a subcarrier spacing (SCS), a bandwidth, a symbol length, a cyclic prefix length, a transmission time interval (TTI), the number of symbols per TTI, a radio frame structure, a specific filtering process performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and a specific windowing process performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0323] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol), and may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0324] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0325] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0326] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0327] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0328] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0329] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0330] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0331] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0332] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0333] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0334] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0335] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0336] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0337] The BWP may include an UL BWP (a BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (a BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0338] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0339] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0340] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0341] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0342] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0343] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0344] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0345] Notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0346] Note that the physical layer signaling may be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, such as an RRC connection setup message or an RRC connection reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0347] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0348] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0349] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0350] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0351] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0352] In the present disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "antenna port group," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "resource group," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0353] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0354] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0355] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0356] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0357] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0358] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0359] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0360] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0361] 9 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. Vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0362] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0363] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0364] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0365] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0366] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0367] The driving assistance system unit 64 is configured with various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), Artificial Intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0368] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0369] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10 or user terminal 20. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0370] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0371] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0372] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0373] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as uplink channel and downlink channel may be read as sidelink channel.

[0374] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0375] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) and a Serving-Gateway (S-GW)), or a combination thereof.

[0376] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0377] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The present invention may be applied to systems that use 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other appropriate wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. It may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0378] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0379] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0380] The term "determining," as used in this disclosure, may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0381] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0382] Also, "decision" may be considered to be "deciding" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "decision" may be considered to be "deciding" on some action.

[0383] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," or the like.

[0384] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0385] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0386] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0387] When used in this disclosure, the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when used in this disclosure, the term "or" is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0388] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0389] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The invention according to the present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the description of the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and explanatory and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. a transmitter for transmitting location information of the terminal; a receiving unit that receives at least one of first information regarding an arrival angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information and second information regarding a radiation angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information; a control unit that determines at least one of a reception beam for a downlink signal based on the first information and a transmission beam for an uplink signal based on the second information, the receiving unit receives a plurality of pieces of information regarding time offsets associated with at least one of the first information and the second information; The control unit determines, based on the information about the time offset, when to apply first information corresponding to the information about the time offset and second information corresponding to the information about the time offset.

2. transmitting location information of the terminal; receiving at least one of first information regarding an arrival angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information and second information regarding a radiation angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information; determining at least one of a receiving beam for a downlink signal based on the first information and a transmitting beam for an uplink signal based on the second information; receiving a plurality of pieces of information relating to time offsets associated with at least one of the first information and the second information; and determining, based on the information about the time offset, timing to apply first information corresponding to the information about the time offset and second information corresponding to the information about the time offset.

3. a receiving unit that receives location information of the terminal; a transmitter that transmits at least one of first information regarding an arrival angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information and second information regarding a radiation angle of a signal at the terminal based on the location information; a control unit that uses the first information to instruct at least one of a reception beam for a downlink signal in the terminal and a transmission beam for an uplink signal in the terminal using the second information; the transmitter transmits a plurality of pieces of information regarding time offsets associated with at least one of the first information and the second information; The control unit instructs, based on the information related to the time offset, application timings of first information corresponding to the information related to the time offset and second information corresponding to the information related to the time offset.

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