Ammonia Engine System

Abstract

To reduce the amount of ammonia to be discharged from a reforming catalyst.SOLUTION: An ammonia engine system 10 includes: a combustor 40 that generates combustion gas by burning ammonia with which air is mixed; a reforming catalyst 23b that is warmed up by combustion gas; and an ammonia engine 11 to which hydrogen discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b is supplied. The ammonia engine system 10 also includes a control section 37 that executes combustion processing for causing the combustor 40 to generate combustion gas and supply processing for supplying ammonia to the reforming catalyst 23b together with air at start of the ammonia engine 11. The control section 37 starts the supply processing after start of the combustion processing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an ammonia engine system. [Background technology]

[0002] The ammonia engine system described in Patent Document 1 includes a reforming catalyst and an ammonia engine. Air and ammonia are supplied to the reforming catalyst, and when the reforming catalyst reaches a temperature at which reforming is possible, a reforming reaction occurs in the reforming catalyst. Hydrogen discharged from the reforming catalyst by the reforming reaction is supplied to the ammonia engine.

[0003] The ammonia engine system may be equipped with a combustor. In this case, the combustor generates combustion gas by burning ammonia mixed with air. The combustion gas generated in the combustor can warm up the reforming catalyst. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2012 / 090739 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] For example, when the supply of air and ammonia to the reforming catalyst begins at the start of an ammonia engine, the reforming reaction does not occur in the reforming catalyst until the reforming catalyst reaches a temperature at which reforming is possible. Therefore, the ammonia supplied to the reforming catalyst is discharged from the reforming catalyst without being consumed by the reforming catalyst. Thus, there has been a demand for a reduction in the amount of ammonia discharged from the reforming catalyst. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] An ammonia engine system that solves the above-mentioned problems includes a combustor that generates combustion gas by burning ammonia mixed with air, a reforming catalyst that is warmed up by the combustion gas, and an ammonia engine to which hydrogen discharged from the reforming catalyst is supplied, and further includes a control unit that executes, at start-up of the ammonia engine, a combustion process that causes the combustor to generate the combustion gas, and a supply process that supplies ammonia together with air to the reforming catalyst, and the control unit starts the supply process after the combustion process has started.

[0007] According to the above configuration, ammonia is supplied to the reforming catalyst together with air after the warm-up of the reforming catalyst is started by the combustion gas. Compared to when the combustion process and the supply process are started at the same time, the time required for the supply process to be performed until the reforming catalyst reaches a temperature at which reforming is possible is shortened. Therefore, the time required for ammonia to be discharged from the reforming catalyst without contributing to the reforming reaction in the reforming catalyst is shortened, and the amount of ammonia discharged from the reforming catalyst can be reduced.

[0008] In the ammonia engine system, the control unit may execute a cylinder discrimination process for discriminating between cylinders when the ammonia engine is started, start the combustion process while the cylinder discrimination process is being executed, and start the supply process after the cylinder discrimination process is completed.

[0009] According to the above configuration, the time from when the combustion process starts to when the supply process starts is longer than when both the combustion process and the supply process start during the execution of the cylinder identification process. Since the reforming catalyst can be further warmed up before the supply process starts, the time required for the supply process to be executed until the reforming catalyst reaches a temperature at which it can be reformed is further shortened. Therefore, the amount of ammonia emitted from the reforming catalyst can be further reduced.

[0010] In the ammonia engine system, the control unit may start the supply process after a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the end of the cylinder determination process. According to the above configuration, the time from the start of the combustion process to the start of the supply process is longer than when the supply process is started immediately after the completion of the cylinder identification process. Since the reforming catalyst can be further warmed up before the supply process is started, the time required for the supply process to be executed until the reforming catalyst reaches a temperature at which reforming is possible is further shortened. Therefore, the amount of ammonia emitted from the reforming catalyst can be further reduced. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, the amount of ammonia discharged from the reforming catalyst can be reduced. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ammonia engine system according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a combustor, an ignition plug, and an ignition unit. [Figure 3] 4 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure for startup control. [Figure 4] 1 is a graph showing the relationship between TDC count, throttle valve opening, and time. [Figure 5] 1 is a graph showing the relationship between TDC count, injector injection amount, and time. [Figure 6] 10 is a graph showing measurement results of start-up time. [Figure 7] 4 is a graph showing the amount of ammonia discharged from the reforming catalyst. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] An embodiment of an ammonia engine system will now be described with reference to the drawings. <Outline of ammonia engine system> As shown in FIG. 1, an ammonia engine system 10 has an ammonia engine 11. The ammonia engine system 10 of this embodiment is mounted on an engine vehicle 50. The ammonia engine 11 uses ammonia (NH3) gas as fuel. A combustion chamber 11a is formed inside the ammonia engine 11. The ammonia engine 11 is a multi-cylinder engine. The ammonia engine 11 of this embodiment is a four-cylinder engine.

[0014] The ammonia engine system 10 has an intake passage 12, an air cleaner 19, a main injector 14, and a main throttle valve 15. Air is introduced into the combustion chamber 11a from the intake passage 12. The air cleaner 19 removes foreign matter such as dust and dirt contained in the air. The air cleaner 19 is provided at the end of the intake passage 12. The air from which foreign matter has been removed by the air cleaner 19 flows into the intake passage 12.

[0015] The main injector 14 is, for example, an electromagnetic injection valve. Ammonia gas is supplied to the main injector 14 from an ammonia gas supply unit (not shown). A main injector 14 is provided for each cylinder. Therefore, the ammonia engine system 10 of this embodiment has four main injectors 14. The main injectors 14 supply ammonia gas to the combustion chamber 11a by injecting the ammonia gas into the combustion chamber 11a. The ammonia gas supplied from the main injectors 14 to the combustion chamber 11a is mixed in the combustion chamber 11a with air introduced into the combustion chamber 11a from the intake passage 12.

[0016] The main throttle valve 15 is provided in the intake passage 12. The main throttle valve 15 is, for example, an electromagnetic flow control valve that can adjust the opening degree of the intake passage 12. The ammonia engine system 10 has an exhaust flow path 13 and an exhaust catalyst unit 16. Exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 11a is introduced into the exhaust flow path 13 from the combustion chamber 11a. The exhaust catalyst unit 16 is provided in the exhaust flow path 13. The exhaust catalyst unit 16 has a three-way catalyst 17 and an SCR catalyst 18. The three-way catalyst 17 oxidizes ammonia gas remaining in the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust flow path 13, thereby removing ammonia gas from the exhaust gas. The three-way catalyst 17 is activated by the heat of the exhaust gas. The SCR catalyst 18 is provided downstream of the three-way catalyst 17 in the exhaust flow path 13. The SCR catalyst 18 is a selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The SCR catalyst 18 reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust flow path 13 to nitrogen (N2) using ammonia. Furthermore, the SCR catalyst 18 captures and removes ammonia that has passed through the three-way catalyst 17.

[0017] The ammonia engine system 10 has a reformer 23. The reformer 23 has a box-shaped storage section 23a with a space formed inside. A reforming catalyst 23b is provided inside the storage section 23a. In other words, the ammonia engine system 10 has the reforming catalyst 23b. For example, a carrier having a honeycomb structure (not shown) may be provided inside the storage section 23a. The reforming catalyst 23b may be provided inside the storage section 23a by applying the reforming catalyst 23b to this carrier. The reforming catalyst 23b has the function of decomposing ammonia into hydrogen and the function of burning the ammonia. The reforming catalyst 23b is, for example, an ATR (Autothermal Reformer) type ammonia reforming catalyst. The reformer 23 generates a reformed gas containing hydrogen by reforming ammonia gas with the reforming catalyst 23b.

[0018] The ammonia engine system 10 includes a reformed gas passage 31, a cooler 32, and a stop valve 33. One end of the reformed gas passage 31 is connected to the reformer 23. The other end of the reformed gas passage 31 is connected to the intake passage 12 downstream of the main throttle valve 15. The reformed gas generated by the reformer 23 is introduced into the reformed gas passage 31, and the reformed gas is introduced from the reformed gas passage 31 into the intake passage 12.

[0019] The cooler 32 cools the reformed gas flowing through the reformed gas passage 31. The cooler 32 cools the reformed gas, for example, by exchanging heat between the reformed gas and cooling water flowing inside the cooler 32. The reformed gas cooled by the cooler 32 is introduced into the intake passage 12 through the reformed gas passage 31. This makes it possible to prevent damage to intake system components such as the main throttle valve 15 due to the heat of the reformed gas. Since the volume expansion of the reformed gas is suppressed as the reformed gas is cooled, the gas can more easily flow from the intake passage 12 into the combustion chamber 11a.

[0020] The stop valve 33 is provided in the reformed gas passage 31 downstream of the cooler 32. The stop valve 33 is, for example, an on-off valve that opens and closes the reformed gas passage 31. The ammonia engine system 10 has a first air flow path 24a, a first injector 25, and a first throttle valve 26. One end of the first air flow path 24a is connected to the intake air flow path 12 on the upstream side of the main throttle valve 15. The other end of the first air flow path 24a is connected to the reformer 23. A portion of the air introduced into the intake air flow path 12 via the air cleaner 19 is introduced into the first air flow path 24a. Air is introduced from the first air flow path 24a to the reformer 23.

[0021] The first injector 25 is, for example, an electromagnetic injection valve. Ammonia gas is supplied to the first injector 25 from an ammonia gas supply unit (not shown). The first injector 25 supplies ammonia gas to the first air flow path 24a by injecting the ammonia gas into the first air flow path 24a. The ammonia gas supplied from the first injector 25 to the first air flow path 24a is introduced into the reformer 23 together with the air flowing through the first air flow path 24a. As a result, ammonia is supplied to the reforming catalyst 23b together with the air.

[0022] The first throttle valve 26 is provided in the first air flow path 24a upstream of the point where ammonia gas is supplied from the first injector 25. The first throttle valve 26 is, for example, an electromagnetic flow control valve that can adjust the opening of the first air flow path 24a.

[0023] The ammonia engine system 10 has a second air flow path 24b, a chamber 27, a second injector 28, a second throttle valve 29, and a combustor 40. One end of the second air flow path 24b is connected to the first air flow path 24a on the upstream side of the first throttle valve 26. The other end of the second air flow path 24b is connected to the chamber 27. A portion of the air flowing through the first air flow path 24a is introduced into the second air flow path 24b. The chamber 27 is box-shaped with a space formed inside. Air is introduced from the second air flow path 24b into the space inside the chamber 27.

[0024] The second injector 28 is, for example, an electromagnetic injection valve. Ammonia gas is supplied to the second injector 28 from an ammonia gas supply unit (not shown). The second injector 28 supplies ammonia gas to the internal space of the chamber 27 by injecting the ammonia gas into the internal space of the chamber 27. Air introduced into the chamber 27 from the second air flow path 24b and the ammonia gas supplied to the chamber 27 from the second injector 28 are mixed inside the chamber 27. As a result, ammonia gas mixed with air is generated inside the chamber 27. The ammonia gas mixed with air is introduced from the chamber 27 to the combustor 40.

[0025] The second throttle valve 29 is provided in the second air flow path 24b and is, for example, an electromagnetic flow control valve that can adjust the opening of the second air flow path 24b.

[0026] The combustor 40 generates combustion gas by burning the ammonia mixed with air. The combustion gas generated by the combustor 40 is introduced into the reformer 23. As shown in FIG. 2, the combustor 40 has a cylindrical housing 41. A first end 41a of the housing 41 is open. A blocking wall 42 is provided at a second end 41b of the housing 41. The blocking wall 42 is, for example, disk-shaped. The blocking wall 42 blocks the second end 41b of the housing 41. The housing 41 and the blocking wall 42 are made of a conductive metal material. An example of a conductive metal material is stainless steel.

[0027] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the combustor 40 has a plurality of introduction parts 43. Each introduction part 43 is, for example, tubular and has a flow path 43a formed therein. One end of each introduction part 43 is connected to the chamber 27, and the other end of each introduction part 43 is connected to the housing 41. In a cross section perpendicular to the axis L of the housing 41, each of the plurality of introduction parts 43 is connected to the housing 41 such that, for example, the flow path 43a of each introduction part 43 extends in a tangential direction to an inner circumferential surface 41d of the housing 41. The introduction part 43 may be formed integrally with the housing 41. The introduction part 43 may also be formed separately from the housing 41 and fixed to the housing 41.

[0028] Ammonia gas mixed with air is introduced from inside chamber 27 into flow path 43a of introduction part 43. The ammonia gas mixed with air flows through flow path 43a and is then introduced from flow path 43a into the inside of housing 41. The ammonia gas and air introduced from introduction part 43 into the inside of housing 41 flow in the circumferential direction of housing 41 along inner circumferential surface 41d of housing 41, thereby generating a tubular flow that flows along the inner surface of housing 41 inside housing 41.

[0029] As shown in Fig. 2, the combustor 40 has an ignition plug 44 and an ignition unit 51. The ignition plug 44 is disposed on the second end 41b side within the housing 41. The ignition unit 51 has an igniter 52 and a power source 53. The power source 53 turns the igniter 52 on and off. The igniter 52 is connected to the ignition plug 44 via an electric wire 54. The igniter 52 supplies a pulse voltage to the ignition plug 44 via the electric wire 54.

[0030] When a high voltage is applied from the igniter 52 to the spark plug 44, a spark generated by the spark plug 44 ignites the ammonia gas inside the housing 41, causing the ammonia gas to burn and produce a flame. When the ammonia gas burns, combustion gas is generated inside the housing 41. The flame grows inside the housing 41. The growth of the flame promotes the generation of combustion gas by combustion of the ammonia gas inside the housing 41. The combustion gas is introduced into the reformer 23 from the first end 41a of the housing 41.

[0031] 1, the ammonia engine system 10 has a control unit 37 and various switches and sensors for detecting various states of the vehicle 50. These various switches and sensors are connected to the control unit 37.

[0032] An example of the switch is an ignition switch 55. When the driver of the vehicle 50 operates the ignition switch 55, the ignition switch 55 outputs an operation signal. Examples of the sensors include a temperature sensor 56, a crank position sensor 57, and a cam position sensor 58. The temperature sensor 56 detects the temperature of the reformer 23. The crank position sensor 57 is provided near a crankshaft (not shown). As the crankshaft rotates, the crank position sensor 57 outputs a pulse signal at each predetermined rotation angle. The cam position sensor 58 is provided near an intake camshaft (not shown). Each time the rotation phase of the intake camshaft reaches a predetermined phase, the cam position sensor 58 outputs a pulse signal.

[0033] <Combustion reaction in the reformer> 1, air and ammonia gas are introduced into the reformer 23 from the first air flow path 24a, and combustion gas is introduced into the reformer 23 from the combustor 40. The reforming catalyst 23b is warmed up by the combustion gas. As a result, an ammonia combustion reaction occurs in the reformer 23, in which ammonia gas chemically reacts with oxygen in the air, as shown in Equation 1 below.

[0034] NH3+3 / 4O2→3 / 2H2O+1 / 2N2+Q…(Formula 1) The reformer 23 generates a mixed gas containing moisture (H2O) and nitrogen (N2) through the combustion reaction of ammonia. The reformer 23 is heated by the combustion heat generated by the combustion reaction of ammonia.

[0035] <Reforming reaction in the reformer> When the temperature of the reformer 23 reaches a temperature at which reforming is possible, reforming of the ammonia gas by the reforming catalyst 23b begins. The above-mentioned temperature at which reforming is possible is, for example, about 300°C to 400°C. Specifically, in reforming the ammonia gas, a reforming reaction occurs in the reformer 23 in which ammonia is decomposed into hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen by combustion heat, as shown in the following formula 2.

[0036] NH3→3 / 2H2+1 / 2N2-Q…(Formula 2) Through the reforming reaction, the reformer 23 generates a reformed gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen. The reformed gas is discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b. That is, the hydrogen contained in the reformed gas is discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b. The reformed gas is introduced from the reformer 23 into the reformed gas flow path 31, and then introduced into the intake flow path 12 via the reformed gas flow path 31.

[0037] <Supply of reformed gas to the combustion chamber> The reformed gas introduced from the reformed gas flow path 31 into the intake flow path 12 is supplied from the intake flow path 12 to the combustion chamber 11a of the ammonia engine 11. That is, hydrogen discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b is supplied to the ammonia engine 11. The reformed gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 11a together with the air in the intake flow path 12. The ammonia gas supplied from the main injector 14 to the combustion chamber 11a and the hydrogen in the reformed gas are mixed in the combustion chamber 11a, making it easier for the ammonia gas to combust in the combustion chamber 11a. In the combustion chamber 11a, the ammonia gas combusts together with the hydrogen in the reformed gas.

[0038] <Control unit> The control unit 37 is composed of a CPU, RAM, ROM, an input / output interface, etc. The control unit 37 performs various controls of the ammonia engine system 10 based on signals output from, for example, an ignition switch 55, a temperature sensor 56, a crank position sensor 57, and a cam position sensor 58. The control unit 37 controls the main injector 14, the main throttle valve 15, the first injector 25, the first throttle valve 26, the second injector 28, the second throttle valve 29, the stop valve 33, the power supply 53, etc.

[0039] When the ignition switch 55 is turned on, power is supplied to the control unit 37, and the control unit 37 performs start control to start the ammonia engine 11. When the ignition switch 55 is turned off while the ammonia engine 11 is operating, the control unit 37 performs stop control to stop the operation of the ammonia engine 11. When the operation of the ammonia engine 11 is stopped by the execution of the stop control, the power supply to the control unit 37 is cut off.

[0040] In the start control, the control unit 37 controls a starter motor (not shown) to crank the ammonia engine 11. Furthermore, in the start control, the control unit 37 opens the main throttle valve 15, the first throttle valve 26, the second throttle valve 29, and the stop valve 33.

[0041] <Cylinder identification process> In the start control, the control unit 37 executes a cylinder discrimination process for discriminating between cylinders. That is, the control unit 37 executes the cylinder discrimination process when the ammonia engine 11 is started. In the cylinder discrimination process, the control unit 37 discriminates for each cylinder whether it is in the intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion stroke, or exhaust stroke, based on the pulse signals output from the crank position sensor 57 and the cam position sensor 58. When the control unit 37 determines the optimum cylinder for starting combustion in the combustion chamber 11a based on the discrimination result for each cylinder, it ends the cylinder discrimination process.

[0042] <Combustion treatment> In the startup control, the control unit 37 executes a combustion process to cause the combustor 40 to generate combustion gas. That is, the control unit 37 executes the combustion process at the start of the ammonia engine 11. In the combustion process, the control unit 37 causes the second injector 28 to inject ammonia gas and controls the power supply 53 to turn on the igniter 52, thereby causing the combustor 40 to generate combustion gas.

[0043] The control unit 37 determines whether the temperature of the reformer 23 is equal to or higher than a specified temperature based on the detection value of the temperature sensor 56. The specified temperature is a temperature at which ammonia gas can be burned, for example, approximately 200°C. When the control unit 37 determines that the temperature of the reformer 23 is equal to or higher than the specified temperature, it terminates the combustion process. At the end of the combustion process, the control unit 37 stops the injection of ammonia gas from the second injector 28 and closes the second throttle valve 29. This stops the introduction of air and ammonia gas from the chamber 27 to the combustor 40. At the end of the combustion process, the control unit 37 controls the power supply 53, which turns off the igniter 52. As the combustion of ammonia gas in the combustor 40 stops, the introduction of combustion gas from the combustor 40 to the reformer 23 is stopped.

[0044] <Supply processing> In the startup control, the control unit 37 executes a supply process. That is, the control unit 37 executes the supply process when the ammonia engine 11 is started. In the supply process, the control unit 37 injects ammonia gas from the first injector 25. When the supply process is executed, the first throttle valve 26 is open, and air is introduced into the reformer 23 from the first air flow path 24a. Therefore, in the supply process, the control unit 37 supplies ammonia together with air to the reforming catalyst 23b. When the supply process is executed, a combustion reaction and a reforming reaction occur in the reformer 23, and a reformed gas containing hydrogen is discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b.

[0045] <Ammonia engine operation> In the start control, the control unit 37 starts combustion in all cylinders sequentially, starting from the cylinder that is optimum for starting combustion as determined by the cylinder determination process, thereby starting the operation of the ammonia engine 11. The control unit 37 starts the operation of the ammonia engine 11 by controlling the injection from the main injector 14 and the ignition by an ignition device (not shown) for each cylinder.

[0046] During operation of the ammonia engine 11, the control unit 37 may adjust the opening of the main throttle valve 15 and change the injection timing of the main injector 14. In the stop control, the control unit 37 stops the injection of ammonia gas from the main injector 14 and the first injector 25. In the stop control, the control unit 37 closes the main throttle valve 15, the first throttle valve 26, and the stop valve 33. This stops the ammonia engine 11.

[0047] <Start control processing procedure> An example of a procedure for the start-up control performed by the control unit 37 will be described with reference to Fig. 3. The control unit 37 starts the start-up control on the condition that the ignition switch 55 is turned on.

[0048] 3, when the start control is started, the control unit 37 opens various valves (step S110). The various valves that the control unit 37 opens in step S110 are the main throttle valve 15, the first throttle valve 26, the second throttle valve 29, and the stop valve 33. Next, the control unit 37 starts a cylinder discrimination process (step S120), and then starts a combustion process (step S130).

[0049] Next, the control unit 37 determines whether the cylinder discrimination process has been completed (step S140). The control unit 37 repeatedly executes the process of step S140 while determining that the cylinder discrimination process has not been completed (step S140: NO). When the control unit 37 determines that the cylinder discrimination process has been completed (step S140: YES), it starts the supply process (step S150). Subsequently, the control unit 37 starts the operation of the ammonia engine 11 (step S160) and ends the start control.

[0050] <Relationship between cylinder discrimination process and throttle valve> Fig. 4 shows an example of the relationship between the TDC count C, the opening degree A1 of the first throttle valve 26, the opening degree A2 of the second throttle valve 29, and time. The TDC count C is a numerical value that correlates with the rotation speed of the ammonia engine 11. For example, when the ammonia engine 11 rotates once, the TDC count C increases by 1. In the example shown in Fig. 4, the timing at which the control unit 37 starts start control in response to the ON operation of the ignition switch 55 is shown as time 0 (zero).

[0051] 4, when the control unit 37 starts startup control, it starts the cylinder discrimination process and opens the first throttle valve 26 and the second throttle valve 29. The control unit 37 executes the cylinder discrimination process during the execution period T. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the control unit 37 controls each of the first throttle valve 26 and the second throttle valve 29 so that the opening degree A2 of the second throttle valve 29 is larger than the opening degree A1 of the first throttle valve 26.

[0052] 4, the first throttle valve 26 and the second throttle valve 29 remain open even after the end of the cylinder discrimination process by the control unit 37. When the cylinder discrimination process by the control unit 37 ends, the control unit 37 starts the supply process and the operation of the ammonia engine 11, and the TDC count C increases as the ammonia engine 11 rotates.

[0053] <Relationship between cylinder identification process and injectors> 5 shows an example of the relationship between the TDC count C, the injection amount S1 from the first injector 25, the injection amount S2 from the second injector 28, and time. In the example shown in FIG. 5, similar to FIG. 4, the timing at which the control unit 37 starts startup control in response to the ON operation of the ignition switch 55 is shown as time 0 (zero).

[0054] As shown in Fig. 5, when the control unit 37 starts the start control, it starts the cylinder discrimination process and starts injection from the second injector 28 by executing the combustion process. Injection from the second injector 28 is started during the execution period T of the cylinder discrimination process. In other words, the control unit 37 starts the combustion process while the cylinder discrimination process is being executed. In the example shown in Fig. 5, injection from the second injector 28 continues even after the cylinder discrimination process by the control unit 37 ends.

[0055] The control unit 37 executes the supply process to start injection from the first injector 25 after the start of injection from the second injector 28 associated with the combustion process. That is, the control unit 37 starts the supply process after the start of the combustion process. In this embodiment, the start of injection from the first injector 25 is a predetermined period Tp later than the execution period T of the cylinder discrimination process. That is, the control unit 37 starts the supply process after the end of the cylinder discrimination process. The control unit 37 starts the supply process after the predetermined period Tp has elapsed since the end of the cylinder discrimination process. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the control unit 37 controls each of the first injector 25 and the second injector 28 so that the injection amount S1 from the first injector 25 is greater than the injection amount S2 from the second injector 28.

[0056] <Relationship between supply process start timing and startup time> As shown in Fig. 6, in the ammonia engine system 10, the start timing of the supply process by the control unit 37 was changed, and the start time was measured for each start timing of the supply process. The start time refers to the time required from when the ignition switch 55 was turned on until the operation of the ammonia engine 11 starts. The start time was measured under conditions in which the cylinder discrimination process was executed when the TDC count C was between 1 and 2. Furthermore, the start time was measured under conditions in which the main throttle valve 15, the first throttle valve 26, the second throttle valve 29, and the stop valve 33 were opened at a timing in which the TDC count C was 1.

[0057] The first measurement value P1 indicates the start time measured when the combustion process is started at a timing when the TDC count C is 1. The first measurement value P1 was obtained by measuring the start time for each timing when the supply process start timing was changed while the TDC count C was between 2 and 8. In addition, a second measurement value P2 was measured as a comparative example for the first measurement value P1. The second measurement value P2 indicates the start time measured when both the combustion process and the supply process are started by the control unit 37 at a timing when the TDC count C is 2.

[0058] When the first measurement value P1 and the second measurement value P2 are compared at the timing when the TDC count C is 2, the start time at the first measurement value P1 is shorter than the start time at the second measurement value P2. This reveals that the start time is shortened when the start timing of the supply process is delayed from the start timing of the combustion process.

[0059] When the supply process is started when the TDC count C is between 2 and 5 for the first measurement value P1, the start time is shorter than the start time for the second measurement value P2. On the other hand, when the supply process is started when the TDC count C is between 2 and 5 for the first measurement value P1, the start time is approximately the same as the start time for the second measurement value P2. In this embodiment, based on the measurement results shown in FIG. 6, the predetermined period Tp from the end of the cylinder discrimination process to the start of the supply process is set to be equal to or shorter than the period Tp1. Note that the period Tp1 corresponds to the period when the TDC count C is between 2 and 5, and is a period during which the start time can be expected to be shortened. If the predetermined period Tp were longer than the period Tp1, the start time would be approximately the same as when the combustion process and the supply process are started at the same timing immediately after the end of the cylinder discrimination process.

[0060] <Relationship between the start timing of combustion treatment and supply treatment and the amount of ammonia emitted> As shown in FIG. 7, the amount of ammonia gas discharged from the reformer 23 to the reformed gas flow path 31 was measured by varying the start timing of the combustion process and the supply process. The first emission amount E1 is the amount of ammonia gas discharged when both the combustion process and the supply process are started at the same timing after the cylinder discrimination process is completed. The second emission amount E2 is the amount of ammonia gas discharged when the combustion process is started during the cylinder discrimination process and the supply process is started immediately after the cylinder discrimination process is completed. The third emission amount E3 is the amount of ammonia gas discharged when the combustion process is started during the cylinder discrimination process and the supply process is started when the TDC count C has increased by 1 after the cylinder discrimination process is completed. It is assumed that the start timing of the combustion process during the cylinder discrimination process is the same for the second emission amount E2 and the third emission amount E3.

[0061] 7, the second discharge amount E2 and the third discharge amount E3 are smaller than the first discharge amount E1. Therefore, it can be seen that delaying the start timing of the supply process from the start timing of the combustion process reduces the amount of ammonia gas discharged from the reformer 23 to the reformed gas passage 31. Furthermore, the third discharge amount E3 is smaller than the second discharge amount E2. Therefore, it can be seen that starting the supply process at a timing after immediately after the end of the cylinder discrimination process reduces the amount of ammonia gas discharged from the reformer 23 to the reformed gas passage 31, rather than starting the supply process immediately after the end of the cylinder discrimination process. From these measurement results, in this embodiment, the predetermined period Tp from the end of the cylinder discrimination process to the start of the supply process is set to the period from the end of the cylinder discrimination process to the time when the TDC count C is incremented by 1.

[0062] [Operation of the embodiment] Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. As shown in Fig. 1, the control unit 37 starts the combustion process while the cylinder discrimination process is being executed, and starts the supply process after the combustion process has started. That is, the control unit 37 starts the combustion process prior to the supply process. When the combustion process is started, the second injector 28 starts injecting ammonia gas. As a result, ammonia gas mixed with air is supplied to the combustor 40, and combustion gas is generated in the combustor 40. The generated combustion gas is introduced from the combustor 40 to the reformer 23. The combustion gas introduced into the reformer 23 warms up the reforming catalyst 23b. In this way, warming up of the reforming catalyst 23b starts before the supply process is performed.

[0063] When the control unit 37 starts the supply process, the first injector 25 starts injecting ammonia gas. As a result, the ammonia gas is supplied to the reforming catalyst 23b together with air. At this time, the reforming catalyst 23b is being warmed up by the combustion gas, so the time required for the reforming reaction to occur in the reforming catalyst 23b is shortened.

[0064] When the reforming catalyst 23b is warmed up to a temperature at which reforming is possible, a reforming reaction occurs in the reformer 23, causing the reformer 23 to produce a reformed gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen. The reformed gas is supplied from the reforming catalyst 23b to the combustion chamber 11a of the ammonia engine 11 via the reformed gas flow path 31 and the intake flow path 12. The ammonia gas supplied from the main injector 14 to the combustion chamber 11a is combusted in the combustion chamber 11a together with the hydrogen in the reformed gas.

[0065] [Effects of the embodiment] According to the above embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. (1) When the ammonia engine 11 is started, the control unit 37 executes a combustion process in which the combustor 40 generates combustion gas and a supply process in which ammonia is supplied to the reforming catalyst 23b together with air. The control unit 37 starts the supply process after the combustion process is started. Therefore, ammonia is supplied to the reforming catalyst 23b together with air after the reforming catalyst 23b starts to be warmed up by the combustion gas. Compared to when the combustion process and the supply process are started at the same time, the time required for the supply process to be executed until the reforming catalyst 23b reaches a temperature at which reforming is possible is shortened. Therefore, the time required for ammonia to be discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b without contributing to the reforming reaction in the reforming catalyst 23b is shortened, and the amount of ammonia discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b can be reduced.

[0066] (2) The control unit 37 executes a cylinder discrimination process for discriminating between cylinders when the ammonia engine 11 is started, starts a combustion process while the cylinder discrimination process is being executed, and starts a supply process after the cylinder discrimination process is completed. Therefore, compared to when both the combustion process and the supply process are started while the cylinder discrimination process is being executed, the time from when the combustion process is started to when the supply process is started is longer. Because the warm-up of the reforming catalyst 23b can be further advanced before the supply process is started, the time required for the supply process to be executed until the reforming catalyst 23b reaches a temperature at which it can be reformed is further shortened. Therefore, the amount of ammonia discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b can be further reduced.

[0067] (3) The control unit 37 starts the supply process after a predetermined period Tp has elapsed since the end of the cylinder discrimination process. Therefore, the time from the start of the combustion process to the start of the supply process is longer than when the supply process is started immediately after the end of the cylinder discrimination process. Because the warm-up of the reforming catalyst 23b can be further advanced before the supply process is started, the time required for the supply process to be performed until the reforming catalyst 23b reaches a temperature at which reforming is possible is further shortened. Therefore, the amount of ammonia discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b can be further reduced.

[0068] (4) The control unit 37 starts the combustion process while the cylinder discrimination process is being executed, and starts the supply process after the cylinder discrimination process is completed. The predetermined period Tp from the end of the cylinder discrimination process by the control unit 37 until the start of the supply process is set to be equal to or shorter than the period Tp1. Therefore, the time required for the supply process to be executed until the reforming catalyst 23b reaches a temperature at which reforming is possible is shorter than when the combustion process and the supply process are started at the same time immediately after the end of the cylinder discrimination process. Because hydrogen is discharged from the reforming catalyst 23b soon after the supply process is started, hydrogen can be supplied from the reforming catalyst 23b to the ammonia engine 11 soon. Therefore, the start-up time of the ammonia engine 11 can be shortened.

[0069] [Example of change] The above embodiment can be modified as follows: The above embodiment and the following modifications can be combined with each other within the scope of technical compatibility.

[0070] The predetermined period Tp from the end of the cylinder determination process by the control unit 37 to the start of the supply process may be longer than the period Tp1. The control unit 37 may start the supply process after a predetermined period of time Tp has elapsed since the end of the cylinder determination process.

[0071] The period from the end of the cylinder discrimination process by the control unit 37 to the start of the supply process may be shorter than the predetermined period Tp. For example, the control unit 37 may start the supply process immediately after the end of the cylinder discrimination process. In this case, the control unit 37 also starts the supply process after the end of the cylinder discrimination process.

[0072] The control unit 37 may start both the combustion process and the supply process during the execution of the cylinder determination process. In other words, the control unit 37 may start the combustion process during the execution of the cylinder determination process and start the supply process after the start of the combustion process.

[0073] The control unit 37 may start both the combustion process and the supply process after the cylinder determination process is completed. In other words, the control unit 37 may start the supply process after the combustion process is started.

[0074] In the combustion process, the control unit 37 may control the second throttle valve 29 to open, in addition to controlling the second injector 28 and the power supply 53. In this case, the control unit 37 does not open the second throttle valve 29 in step S110 of FIG. 3, but opens the second throttle valve 29 in step S130.

[0075] During startup control, the control unit 37 may control each of the first throttle valve 26 and the second throttle valve 29 so that the opening degree A1 of the first throttle valve 26 is greater than the opening degree A2 of the second throttle valve 29. During startup control, the control unit 37 may control each of the first throttle valve 26 and the second throttle valve 29 so that the opening degree A1 of the first throttle valve 26 and the opening degree A2 of the second throttle valve 29 are the same.

[0076] During startup control, the control unit 37 may control each of the first injector 25 and the second injector 28 so that the injection amount S2 from the second injector 28 is greater than the injection amount S1 from the first injector 25. During startup control, the control unit 37 may control each of the first injector 25 and the second injector 28 so that the injection amount S1 from the first injector 25 and the injection amount S2 from the second injector 28 are the same.

[0077] In the combustion process, the control unit 37 may cause the combustor 40 to generate combustion gas by separately introducing air and ammonia into the combustor 40. In this case, for example, some of the multiple introduction units 43 may introduce only ammonia gas into the housing 41, and the other introduction units 43 may introduce only air into the housing 41.

[0078] The number of introduction sections 43 included in the combustor 40 may be three or less, or may be five or more. In short, it is sufficient that the combustor 40 has at least one introduction section 43. Note that the expression "at least one" used in this specification means "one or more" of the desired options. As an example, the expression "at least one" used in this specification means "only one option" or "both of two options" if the number of options is two. As another example, the expression "at least one" used in this specification means "only one option" or "any combination of two or more options" if the number of options is three or more.

[0079] The combustor 40 is not limited to the configuration described in the above embodiment, as long as it generates combustion gas by burning ammonia mixed with air. For example, the casing 41 of the combustor 40 may be tubular in shape other than cylindrical. For example, the inlet 43 of the combustor 40 may be connected to the casing 41 so that the flow path 43a extends in a direction other than a tangent to the inner circumferential surface 41d of the casing 41 in a cross section perpendicular to the axis L of the casing 41.

[0080] The first air flow path 24a does not have to be connected to the intake air flow path 12. In this case, air may flow into the first air flow path 24a from a path different from the intake air flow path 12, for example. The main injector 14 may inject ammonia gas into an intake port connected to the combustion chamber 11a of each cylinder.

[0081] The ammonia engine system 10 can also be applied to a hybrid vehicle 50. [Explanation of symbols]

[0082] Tp: predetermined period, 10: ammonia engine system, 11: ammonia engine, 23b: reforming catalyst, 37: control unit, 40: combustor.

Claims

1. a combustor configured to combust ammonia mixed with air to generate combustion gases; a reformer into which the combustion gas generated in the combustor is introduced; a reforming catalyst disposed within the reformer, the reforming catalyst being configured to be warmed by the combustion gas; an ammonia engine configured to be supplied with hydrogen discharged from the reforming catalyst; an intake flow path configured to introduce air into the ammonia engine; a first air flow path having a first end for introducing air and a second end connected to the reformer; a first injector configured to inject ammonia gas into the first air flow path; a second air flow path having a first end connected to a portion of the first air flow path upstream of the first injector and a second end communicating with the reformer; a second injector configured to supply ammonia gas to the combustor through the second air flow path; A control unit, at the time of starting the ammonia engine, a combustion process in which ammonia gas is injected from the second injector to generate the combustion gas in the combustor; a control unit configured to execute a supply process of supplying ammonia together with air to the reforming catalyst in the reformer by injecting ammonia gas from the first injector; The control unit the supply process is started after the warm-up of the reforming catalyst is started by starting the combustion process; A cylinder discrimination process for discriminating a cylinder is executed at the start of the ammonia engine, The combustion process is started during the execution of the cylinder discrimination process, The supply process is started after the cylinder discrimination process is completed. The ammonia engine system is configured as follows.

2. the control unit is configured to start the supply process after a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the end of the cylinder discrimination process.

10. The ammonia engine system of claim 1.

3. a chamber to which the second end of the second air flow path is connected; the second injector is configured to inject ammonia gas into the space inside the chamber; The ammonia gas mixed with air in the chamber is introduced from the chamber into the combustor. The ammonia engine system according to claim 1 or 2.

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