Incineration System

Abstract

The present invention comprises: an incineration furnace for incinerating matter being treated; a supercharger having a compressor that compresses exhaust gas from the incineration furnace to generate compressed gas, and a turbine that drives the compressor; a blower for drawing in and blowing out the exhaust gas; and a supply unit that is capable of supplying the exhaust gas and / or the compressed gas blown out from the blower to a heat exchanger for warming said gas using waste heat from the incineration furnace, and that is also capable of supplying the warmed gas that was warmed by the heat exchanger to the turbine and / or a smokestack.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to incineration systems. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, a technology has been proposed in which waste heat from an incinerator that incinerates sewage sludge (hereinafter also simply referred to as sludge or material to be treated) is utilized to induce exhaust gas from the incinerator (see Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-194307 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In an incineration system that utilizes waste heat from an incinerator such as that described above, it is desirable to appropriately control the pressure inside the incinerator even when the amount of waste heat emitted from the incinerator changes, for example. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the incineration system includes an incinerator for incinerating materials to be treated, a turbocharger having a compressor for compressing exhaust gas from the incinerator to generate compressed gas and a turbine for driving the compressor, a blower for drawing in the exhaust gas and blowing it out, and a supply unit that supplies at least one of the exhaust gas and the compressed gas blown out from the blower to a heat exchanger that is heated by waste heat from the incinerator, and is capable of supplying the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger to at least one of the turbine and a chimney. [Effects of the Invention]

[0006] According to the incineration system in one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately control the internal pressure of the incinerator. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an incineration system 100 according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the control of the furnace pressure in the incinerator 1. As shown in FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the control of the furnace pressure in the incinerator 1. As shown in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a specific example of the incinerator 1 internal pressure control. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a specific example of the incinerator 1 furnace pressure control. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a specific example of the incinerator 1 furnace pressure control. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a specific example of the incinerator 1 internal pressure control. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an incineration system 200 according to the second embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a specific example of the opening and closing control of the valves V5 and V6. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an incineration system 300 according to the third embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the stopping of the supercharger 6. In FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an incineration system 400 according to the fourth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. However, such descriptions should not be interpreted in a limiting sense, and do not limit the subject matter described in the claims. Furthermore, various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, different embodiments can be combined as appropriate.

[0009] [Incineration system 100 in the first embodiment] First, an incineration system 100 in the first embodiment will be described. Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment. Note that the positions and numbers of lines (pipes) and valves shown below are examples and are not limited to these.

[0010] 1, the incineration system 100 includes, for example, an incinerator 1, a heat exchanger 2, a dust collector 3, a smoke washing tower 4, a chimney 5, a turbocharger 6, and blowers B1 and B2. The blowers B1 and B2 are devices that have the function of blowing air, such as fans or blowers.

[0011] The incinerator 1 is, for example, a fluidized bed incinerator that incinerates sludge (dewatered cake) supplied via line L41, and has a so-called fluidized bed 1a. Line L41 is, for example, a pipe connecting the incinerator 1 with upstream equipment (for example, a sludge dryer, not shown). The following description will be given assuming that the incinerator 1 is a fluidized bed incinerator, but the incinerator 1 may be of various types other than a fluidized bed incinerator. In addition, the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the incinerator 1 will also be referred to as combustion air hereinafter.

[0012] The blower B1 supplies combustion air to the heat exchanger 2 via, for example, a line L11. The line L11 is, for example, a pipe that connects the outlet side of the blower B1 and the inlet side of the heat exchanger 2 for combustion air.

[0013] The heat exchanger 2 exchanges heat between, for example, the exhaust gas G1 (hereinafter also referred to as the first exhaust gas G1) discharged from the incinerator 1 and the combustion air supplied by the blower B1.

[0014] Specifically, the heat exchanger 2 heats the combustion air supplied via line L11, for example, by using the heat contained in the exhaust gas G1 supplied from the incinerator 1 via line L1 (i.e., waste heat from the incinerator 1). The heat exchanger 2 then supplies the heated combustion air to the incinerator 1 (for example, the fluidized bed 1a in the incinerator 1) via line L12, for example. The line L1 is, for example, a pipe connecting the outlet side of the exhaust gas G1 from the incinerator 1 with the inlet side of the heat exchanger 2 for the exhaust gas G1. The line L12 is, for example, a pipe connecting the outlet side of the combustion air in the heat exchanger 2 with the inlet side of the combustion air in the incinerator 1.

[0015] The dust collector 3 is installed, for example, downstream of the heat exchanger 2, and removes impurities from the exhaust gas G1 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 via line L2. The line L2 is, for example, a pipe connecting the outlet side of the heat exchanger 2 for the exhaust gas G1 to the inlet side of the dust collector 3. Note that the incineration system 100 may also have, for example, a cooling tower (not shown) upstream of the dust collector 3, which cools the exhaust gas G1 supplied from the heat exchanger 2.

[0016] The smoke washing treatment tower 4 is disposed, for example, at the rear stage of the dust collector 3, and the flue gas G1 supplied from the dust collector 3 via a line L3 is introduced from the bottom of the tower and brought into contact with the smoke washing water sprayed from a spray nozzle (not shown) at the top, thereby removing the SO in the flue gas G1. X The line L3 is, for example, a pipe connecting the outlet side of the dust collector 3 and the inlet side of the smoke washing treatment tower 4 for the flue gas G1.

[0017] The chimney 5 is installed, for example, at the top of the smoke washing tower 4. Then, the flue gas G2 (hereinafter also referred to as the second flue gas G2) washed in the smoke washing tower 4 passes through, for example, a blower B2 and a turbocharger 6 described later, and then is released to the outside.

[0018] The blower B2 is, for example, an induced draft fan, and draws the flue gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1. Specifically, the blower B2 draws the flue gas G1 (flue gas G2) via, for example, lines L1, L2, L3, and L21. The line L21 is, for example, a pipe connecting the outlet side of the flue gas G2 of the smoke scrubbing tower 4 with the inlet side of the blower B2. The blower B2 then supplies the flue gas G2 supplied from the smoke scrubbing tower 4 to the turbocharger 6 via, for example, line L21.

[0019] The supercharger 6 includes, for example, a compressor 6a and a turbine 6b connected via a rotary shaft 6c.

[0020] The compressor 6a compresses, for example, the flue gas G2 supplied from the blower B2 via the line L22. The compressor 6a also compresses, for example, the flue gas G2 supplied directly from the smoke scrubbing tower 4 via the line L24. The line L22 is, for example, a pipe connecting the outlet side of the blower B2 and the inlet side of the compressor 6a. The line L24 is, for example, a pipe connecting a portion of the line L21 between the downstream side of the outlet of the smoke scrubbing tower 4 and the upstream side of the inlet of the blower B2 and a portion of the line L22 between the downstream side of the outlet of the blower B2 and the upstream side of the inlet of the compressor 6a. In other words, the line L24 is, for example, a pipe used when the flue gas G2 supplied from the smoke scrubbing tower 4 is supplied directly to the compressor 6a, bypassing the blower B2. Specifically, in the incineration system 100, for example, the flue gas G2 supplied from the smoke washing tower 4 is directly supplied to the compressor 6a by controlling the opening of the valve V4 provided in the line L24. Note that the opening control of the valve means increasing the opening of the valve, and the opening of the valve may be set to 100 percent (fully open). In the following, the flue gas G2 compressed by the compressor 6a will also be referred to as compressed gas.

[0021] The compressor 6a supplies the exhaust gas G2 (compressed gas) to the heat exchanger 2 via a line L25, for example. The line L25 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the compressor 6a and the inlet side of the heat exchanger 2, for example.

[0022] The heat exchanger 2, for example, exchanges heat between the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 and the combustion air supplied by the blower B1, and also between the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 and the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the compressor 6a.

[0023] Specifically, the heat exchanger 2 uses the heat contained in the exhaust gas G1 supplied from the incinerator 1 via the line L1 (i.e., the waste heat of the incinerator 1) to heat the exhaust gas G2 supplied via the line L25. The heat exchanger 2 then supplies the heated exhaust gas G2 to the turbine 6b via the line L26. The line L26 is, for example, a pipe connecting the outlet side of the exhaust gas G2 in the heat exchanger 2 with the inlet side of the turbine 6b. Hereinafter, the exhaust gas G2 heated by the heat exchanger 2 is also referred to as heated gas.

[0024] The turbine 6b rotates the rotary shaft 6c by using, for example, the energy (thermal energy) of the exhaust gas G2 (heated gas) supplied from the heat exchanger 2. The compressor 6a compresses the exhaust gas G2 by being driven in conjunction with the rotation of the rotary shaft 6c by the turbine 6b.

[0025] The turbine 6b then supplies the heated exhaust gas G2 to the chimney 5 via, for example, a line L23. The line L23 is, for example, a pipe that connects the outlet side of the turbine 6b and the inlet side of the chimney 5.

[0026] Furthermore, for example, a line L29 is provided between the line L22 and the line L23. The line L29 is a pipe that connects the line L22 and the line L23. Specifically, the line L29 is a pipe that connects a portion of the line L22 between the downstream side of the outlet of the fan B2 and the upstream side of the inlet of the compressor 6a, and a portion of the line L23 between the downstream side of the outlet of the turbine 6b and the upstream side of the inlet of the chimney 5. The line L29 directly supplies the flue gas G2 supplied from the fan B2 via the line L22 to the chimney 5, for example.

[0027] That is, the line L29 is a pipe used, for example, when the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the blower B2 via the line L22 is supplied directly to the chimney 5, bypassing both the turbocharger 6 and the heat exchanger 2. Specifically, in the incineration system 100, for example, the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the blower B2 is supplied directly to the chimney 5 by controlling the opening of the valve V3 provided on the line L29.

[0028] Furthermore, for example, a line L30 is provided between the line L22 and the line L25. The line L30 is, for example, a pipe that connects the line L22 and the line L25. Specifically, the line L30 is, for example, a pipe that connects a portion of the line L22 between the downstream side of the outlet of the fan B2 and the upstream side of the inlet of the compressor 6a with a portion of the line L25 between the downstream side of the outlet of the compressor 6a and the upstream side of the air inlet of the heat exchanger 2. The line L30 directly supplies the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the fan B2 via the line L22 to the heat exchanger 2, for example.

[0029] That is, the line L30 is a pipe used when, for example, the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the blower B2 via the line L22 is supplied directly to the heat exchanger 2, bypassing the compressor 6a. Specifically, in the incineration system 100, for example, the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the blower B2 is supplied directly to the heat exchanger 2 by controlling the opening of the valve V2 provided on the line L30.

[0030] Furthermore, for example, a line L27 and a bypass L28 are provided between the line L26 and the line L23. The line L27 and the bypass L28 are each a pipe that connects, for example, a location on the line L26 between the downstream side of the air outlet of the heat exchanger 2 and the upstream side of the inlet of the turbine 6b, with a location on the line L23 between the downstream side of the outlet of the turbine 6b and the inlet side of the chimney 5. The line L27 and the bypass L28 each supply, for example, the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 directly to the chimney 5, bypassing the turbine 6b. Hereinafter, the bypass L28 will also be referred to as a supply path.

[0031] That is, the line L27 is a pipe used, for example, when the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 is supplied directly to the chimney 5, bypassing the turbine 6b. Specifically, in the incineration system 100, for example, the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 is supplied directly to the chimney 5 by controlling the opening of the valve V1 provided on the line L27.

[0032] Moreover, the bypass L28 is a pipe used, for example, when adjusting the supply amount of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 to the turbine 6b. Specifically, in the incineration system 100, for example, by performing open and close control of the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28, control is performed so that a portion of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 passes through the bypass L28, thereby adjusting the supply amount of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 to the turbine 6b. Note that controlling the valve to close means reducing the opening degree of the valve, and the opening degree of the valve may be set to 0 percent (fully closed).

[0033] Here, the capacity of the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28 may be smaller than the capacity of the valve V1 provided in the line L27 or the valve V2 provided in the line L30, for example. As a result, in the incineration system 100, by adjusting the capacity of the valve V5, it is possible to highly accurately adjust the supply amount of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 to the turbine 6b.

[0034] In the incineration system 100, for example, another heat exchanger (not shown) may be installed in the line L23. The other heat exchanger may recover waste heat in excess of the thermal energy used in the white smoke prevention process in the chimney 5.

[0035] 1 , a section including lines L21, L22, L23, L24, L25, L26, L27, bypass L28, L29, L30, valves V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5 will hereinafter be collectively referred to as supply unit 20. That is, as a whole, supply unit 20 can, for example, supply flue gas G2 supplied from smoke scrubbing tower 4 to compressor 6a via blower B2, supply the flue gas G2 compressed by compressor 6a to heat exchanger 2, supply the flue gas G2 heated by heat exchanger 2 to turbine 6b, and supply the flue gas G2 discharged from turbine 6b to chimney 5. Furthermore, supply unit 20 can, for example, supply flue gas G2 supplied from smoke scrubbing tower 4 to compressor 6a, bypassing blower B2. Furthermore, the supply unit 20 can supply, for example, at least a portion of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the smoke scrubbing tower 4 to the chimney 5, bypassing the heat exchanger 2 and the turbocharger 6. Furthermore, the supply unit 20 can supply, for example, at least a portion of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the smoke scrubbing tower 4 to the heat exchanger 2, bypassing the turbocharger 6. Furthermore, at least a portion of the exhaust gas G2 whose temperature has been increased by the heat exchanger 2 can be supplied to the chimney 5, bypassing the turbine 6b.

[0036] Thus, the incineration system 100 in this embodiment includes, for example, an incinerator 1 that incinerates sludge (material to be treated), a turbocharger 6 having a compressor 6a that compresses exhaust gas G2 from the incinerator 1 to generate compressed gas and a turbine 6b that drives the compressor 6a, a blower B2 that draws in and blows out the exhaust gas G2, and a supply unit 20 that supplies at least one of the exhaust gas G2 and compressed gas blown out from the blower B2 to a heat exchanger 2 that is heated by waste heat from the incinerator 1, and is capable of supplying the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger 2 to at least one of the turbine 6b and the chimney 5.

[0037] As a result, the incineration system 100 in this embodiment, as described below, can control the operation of the turbocharger 6 and the blower B2 so that the internal pressure of the incinerator 1 becomes the target pressure even if the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 changes.

[0038] [Inside pressure control of incinerator 1] Next, we will explain the control of the furnace pressure of the incinerator 1. Figures 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining the control of the furnace pressure of the incinerator 1.

[0039] The technical reasons for implementing such in-furnace pressure control will be explained below. The turbocharger 6 operates by utilizing the thermal energy of the waste heat from the incinerator 1. The thermal energy of the waste heat from the incinerator 1 changes depending on various factors, such as the amount of sludge to be incinerated and changes in the properties of the sludge. Therefore, the incineration system 100 controls the incinerator pressure of the incinerator 1 in response to changes in the thermal energy of the waste heat. Specifically, the incineration system 100 controls, for example, the incinerator pressure of the incinerator 1 so that it is maintained at a predetermined target pressure.

[0040] As shown in FIG. 2, the incineration system 100 includes, for example, a control device 10 that controls the pressure inside the incinerator 1.

[0041] Specifically, the control device 10 performs, for example, opening and closing control of valves V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5. The control device 10 also performs, for example, start-up and stop control of blower B2. More specifically, the control device 10 performs these controls based on, for example, measurement values ​​from various instruments (e.g., thermometers, pressure gauges, flow meters, etc.) provided on each line, such as line L22, line L23, line L25, and line L26, and from a rotation measuring instrument attached to the rotating shaft 6c.

[0042] The control device 10 is, for example, an electrical device having an electronic circuit. The electronic device of the control device 10 is, for example, a computer having a CPU (Central Computing Unit) and memory, etc. The control device 10 may include, for example, a PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller). The control device 10 controls the pressure inside the incinerator 1 by, for example, cooperating with the CPU and a program stored in a storage medium (not shown). The electronic circuit that performs such control may be, for example, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).

[0043] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 3, the control device 10 controls the pressure inside the furnace of the incinerator 1, for example, in accordance with the amount of waste heat recovered from the exhaust gas G1 in the heat exchanger 2. In other words, the control device 10 controls the pressure inside the furnace of the incinerator 1 in accordance with the energy of the exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b from the heat exchanger 2 via the line L26 (in other words, the amount of waste heat discharged from the incinerator 1).

[0044] Then, for example, when the control device 10 determines from the above-mentioned measurement values ​​that the energy of the exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b is sufficient as energy for operating the turbocharger 6 (large amount of waste heat in step S1 of FIG. 3), it does not induce the exhaust gas G2 by the blower B2, but instead performs furnace pressure control of the incinerator 1 by suction of the exhaust gas G2 by the turbocharger 6 (hereinafter also referred to as autonomous operation control or turbocharger autonomous operation control) (step S2 of FIG. 3). Note that the measurement values ​​referred to in the above-mentioned determination are, for example, the flow rate of the exhaust gas G2 measured by a flow meter provided in the bypass L28 and the temperature of the exhaust gas G2 measured by a thermometer provided in the line L26.

[0045] In other words, in this case, the control device 10 determines that the internal pressure of the incinerator 1 can be controlled to the target pressure by only suctioning the exhaust gas G2 using the turbocharger 6, and selects to execute autonomous operation control.

[0046] 2 and 3, the control device 10 controls the valve V4 provided in the line L24 to open, for example, so that the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the smoke washing tower 4 bypasses the blower B2 and is supplied to the turbocharger 6. Then, for example, when the blower B2 is activated (operating), the control device 10 controls the blower B2 to stop.

[0047] In this case, the control device 10 controls the pressure inside the incinerator 1 by, for example, appropriately adjusting the opening of the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28.

[0048] Specifically, when the control device 10 is executing the autonomous operation control, for example, it refers to the value measured by a pressure gauge (not shown) installed inside the incinerator 1, and if it determines that the pressure inside the incinerator 1 is lower than a predetermined target pressure, it increases the opening of the valve V5 to reduce the amount of heat input to the turbine 6b (reducing the rotation speed of the compressor 6a), thereby performing control to reduce the amount of exhaust gas G2 induced by the turbocharger 6. This enables the control device 10 to, for example, increase the pressure inside the incinerator 1, and to perform control so as to reduce the difference between the pressure inside the incinerator 1 and the target pressure.

[0049] On the other hand, when the control device 10 is executing the autonomous operation control, for example, by referring to the value measured by a pressure gauge installed inside the incinerator 1, if it determines that the pressure inside the incinerator 1 is higher than the target pressure, it performs control to increase the amount of exhaust gas G2 induced by the turbocharger 6 by reducing the opening of the valve V5 and increasing the amount of heat input to the turbine 6b (increasing the rotation speed of the compressor 6a). This enables the control device 10 to, for example, reduce the pressure inside the incinerator 1, and to perform control to reduce the difference between the pressure inside the incinerator 1 and the target pressure.

[0050] Furthermore, when the control device 10 determines, for example, from measurements by various instruments such as thermometers provided on each line, that the energy of the exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b is insufficient to operate the turbocharger 6 and that the amount of exhaust gas G2 induced by the turbocharger 6 is insufficient (during the waste heat amount in step S1 of FIG. 3), it performs in-furnace pressure control of the incinerator 1 (hereinafter also referred to as assisted operation control) by induced exhaust gas G2 by the blower B2 in addition to induced exhaust gas G2 by the turbocharger 6 (step S3 of FIG. 3). Note that the measurements referred to in the above-mentioned determination are, for example, the flow rate of the exhaust gas G2 measured by a flow meter provided in the bypass L28 and the temperature of the exhaust gas G2 measured by a thermometer provided in the line L26.

[0051] In other words, in this case, the control device 10 determines that, unless exhaust gas G2 is induced by the blower B2 in addition to the turbocharger 6, the pressure inside the incinerator 1 cannot be controlled to the target pressure, and selects to perform assist operation control.

[0052] 2 and 3, for example, when the blower B2 is stopped, the control device 10 performs start control of the blower B2, thereby causing the blower B2 to induce the exhaust gas G2. Also, for example, when the valve V1 is open, the control device 10 performs control to close the valve V1. Furthermore, for example, the control device 10 performs control to close the valves V2 and V3 in accordance with the amount of the exhaust gas G2 induced in the turbocharger 6.

[0053] In this case, the control device 10 controls the rotation speed of the blower B2 by an inverter (not shown) in accordance with the amount of exhaust gas G2 induced in the turbocharger 6, for example.

[0054] Specifically, when executing the assist operation control, the control device 10, for example, refers to the value measured by a pressure gauge installed inside the incinerator 1, and if it determines that the incinerator pressure of the incinerator 1 is lower than the target pressure, controls the inverter to reduce the rotation speed of the blower B2, thereby reducing the amount of exhaust gas G2 induced by the blower B2. This enables the control device 10 to, for example, increase the incinerator pressure of the incinerator 1, and to control the incinerator 1 so that the difference between the incinerator pressure and the target pressure becomes smaller.

[0055] On the other hand, when the control device 10 executes the assist operation control, for example, by referring to the value measured by a pressure gauge installed inside the incinerator 1, if it determines that the pressure inside the incinerator 1 is higher than the target pressure, it controls the inverter to increase the rotation speed of the blower B2, thereby increasing the amount of exhaust gas G2 induced by the blower B2. This enables the control device 10 to, for example, lower the pressure inside the incinerator 1, and to perform control so as to reduce the difference between the pressure inside the incinerator 1 and the target pressure.

[0056] Furthermore, when the control device 10 determines, for example, from the measured values ​​of various instruments such as thermometers installed on each line, that the energy of the exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b is not enough to operate the turbocharger 6 (small amount of waste heat in step S1 of Figure 3), it does not induce the exhaust gas G2 using the turbocharger 6, but instead controls the furnace pressure of the incinerator 1 by inducing the exhaust gas G2 using the blower B2 (hereinafter also referred to as offline operation control) (step S4 of Figure 3).

[0057] In other words, in this case, the control device 10 determines that it is necessary to control the incinerator 1 so that the pressure inside the incinerator 1 reaches the target pressure by only inducing exhaust gas G2 using the blower B2, and selects to perform offline operation control.

[0058] Specifically, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, for example, when the turbocharger 6 is started (operating), the control device 10 performs stop control of the turbocharger 6, thereby stopping the induction of exhaust gas G2 by the turbocharger 6. Furthermore, for example, when the valve V1 is closed, the control device 10 performs open control of the valve V1. Furthermore, for example, when the valve V2 is closed, the control device 10 performs open control of the valve V2. Furthermore, for example, when the valve V3 is open, the control device 10 performs close control of the valve V3.

[0059] In this case, the control device 10 controls the pressure inside the incinerator 1, for example, by controlling the rotation speed of the blower B2 using an inverter (not shown).

[0060] Specifically, during offline operation control, the control device 10, for example, refers to the value measured by a pressure gauge installed inside the incinerator 1, and if it determines that the internal pressure of the incinerator 1 is lower than the target pressure, controls the inverter to reduce the rotation speed of the blower B2, thereby reducing the amount of exhaust gas G2 induced by the blower B2. This enables the control device 10 to increase the internal pressure of the incinerator 1, and enables control to reduce the difference between the internal pressure of the incinerator 1 and the target pressure.

[0061] On the other hand, during offline operation control, if the control device 10 determines that the internal pressure of the incinerator 1 is higher than the target pressure by referring to the value measured by a pressure gauge installed inside the incinerator 1, the control device 10 increases the rotation speed of the blower B2 using an inverter, thereby increasing the amount of exhaust gas G2 attracted by the blower B2. This enables the control device 10 to reduce the internal pressure of the incinerator 1, and to perform control so as to reduce the difference between the internal pressure of the incinerator 1 and the target pressure.

[0062] Thus, the incineration system 100 in this embodiment includes, for example, a control device 10 that controls the supply unit 20. The control device 10 controls, for example, the supply unit 20 to appropriately switch between independent operation control, assisted operation control, and offline operation control.

[0063] As a result, the incineration system 100 in this embodiment is able to control the internal pressure of the incinerator 1 to a target pressure, even if, for example, the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 changes.

[0064] Here, during execution of the autonomous operation control, if, for example, a decrease in the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 occurs and the energy of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 via the line L26 decreases, the control device 10 controls the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28 to gradually decrease the aperture, thereby suppressing the amount of the exhaust gas G2 passing through the bypass L28 and suppressing a decrease in the amount of the exhaust gas G2 (the amount of thermal energy of the exhaust gas G2) supplied to the turbine 6b. Then, for example, if the energy of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 further decreases after the aperture of the valve V5 has reached a minimum (e.g., 0), the control device 10 starts up the blower B2 to switch from the autonomous operation control to the assisted operation control.

[0065] However, for example, if it takes time to start up blower B2, the incineration system 100 may not be able to quickly switch from independent operation control to assisted operation control, and the accuracy of the incinerator 1 pressure control may temporarily decrease.

[0066] Therefore, the control device 10 may, for example, refer to a flow meter (not shown) that measures the flow rate of the exhaust gas G2 flowing through the bypass L28 and acquire the flow rate of the exhaust gas G2 flowing through the bypass L28 (hereinafter also referred to as a first flow rate). Then, when the control device 10 determines that the acquired first flow rate satisfies a predetermined condition, for example, the control device 10 may start switching to the assist operation control by adjusting the blower B2 blowing rate of the exhaust gas G2 to the compressor 6a (for example, starting the blower B2).

[0067] Specifically, the control device 10 may start switching to the assist operation control when, for example, a first flow rate of the exhaust gas G2 flowing through the bypass L28 satisfies a predetermined condition (hereinafter also referred to as the first condition). The first condition is, for example, that the first flow rate of the exhaust gas G2 flowing through the bypass L28 becomes less than a predetermined threshold value (hereinafter also referred to as the first threshold value).

[0068] Furthermore, in addition to acquiring the first flow rate, the control device 10 may acquire the flow rate of the exhaust gas G2 flowing through the line L25 (hereinafter also referred to as the second flow rate) by referring to a flow meter (not shown) that measures the flow rate of the exhaust gas G2 flowing through the line L25 (for example, the flow rate of compressed gas from the compressor 6a to the heat exchanger 2). The control device 10 may also initiate switching to the assist operation control when, for example, the ratio of the first flow rate to the second flow rate satisfies a predetermined condition (hereinafter also referred to as the second condition). The second condition is, for example, that the ratio of the first flow rate to the second flow rate becomes less than a predetermined threshold value (hereinafter also referred to as the second threshold value).

[0069] In other words, the incineration system 100 in this embodiment may start switching to assisted operation control, for example, at a timing before the timing when the opening of valve V5 becomes minimum due to a decrease in the energy of exhaust gas G2 supplied from heat exchanger 2 via line L26.

[0070] As a result, in the incineration system 100 of this embodiment, for example, it is possible to complete the start-up of the blower B2 and complete the switch to assisted operation control before the opening of the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28 reaches its minimum. Therefore, in the incineration system 100, it is possible to smoothly switch from independent operation control to assisted operation control.

[0071] The control device 10 may start switching to the assist operation control, for example, when the opening degree of the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28 becomes less than a predetermined value.

[0072] [Modification of the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment] Next, a modified example of the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment will be described.

[0073] During the execution of the assisted operation control, the control device 10 may, for example, refer to a pressure gauge (not shown) that measures the pressure in the line L22 to obtain the pressure in the line L22 (i.e., the inlet pressure of the compressor 6a). The control device 10 may then initiate a switch to the autonomous operation control, for example, when the pressure in the line L22 falls below a predetermined pressure that is a condition for transitioning to the autonomous operation. Specifically, in this case, the control device 10 may, for example, switch to the autonomous operation control by controlling the valve V4 to open and then stopping the blower B2.

[0074] That is, after switching from assist operation control to independent operation control, when the amount of waste heat from the incinerator 1 increases and the rotation speed of the compressor 6a in the turbocharger 6 increases, the amount of compressed gas generated in the compressor 6a increases, and the pressure on the inlet side of the compressor 6a (for example, the pressure in line L22) reaches the predetermined pressure. Therefore, the control device 10 in this embodiment may switch from assist operation control to independent operation control by, for example, controlling the valve V4 to open and controlling the blower B2 to stop in response to the pressure in line L22 reaching the predetermined pressure.

[0075] This allows the incineration system 100 in this embodiment to smoothly switch from assisted operation control to independent operation control.

[0076] Furthermore, the incineration system 100 can prevent exhaust gas G2 that has passed through the stopped blower B2 from being supplied to the compressor 6a by controlling the valve V4 to open when switching from assisted operation control to autonomous operation control. Therefore, the incineration system 100 can prevent a decrease in the supply efficiency of exhaust gas G2 due to air resistance generated in the blower B2 (e.g., the fan in the blower B2), and can prevent a decrease in energy efficiency when switching from assisted operation control to autonomous operation control.

[0077] [Modification (2) of the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment] Next, another modification of the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment will be described.

[0078] For example, when switching from independent operation control to assisted operation control, the control device 10 may control the opening of the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28 so that a portion of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 (for example, a certain amount of exhaust gas G2) is supplied to the bypass L28.

[0079] That is, immediately after switching from independent operation control to assisted operation control, the pressure in line L22 may fall below a predetermined pressure, which is a transition condition for independent operation control. Specifically, for example, if the amount of waste heat temporarily increases due to a change in sludge properties, causing the rotation speed of the compressor 6a in the turbocharger 6 to increase, the pressure in line L22 will reach the predetermined pressure. Then, when the pressure in line L22 reaches the predetermined pressure, the incineration system 100 will switch from assisted operation control to independent operation control, even immediately after switching from independent operation control to assisted operation control. As a result, the incineration system 100 will repeatedly switch between independent operation control and assisted operation control, which may cause failure or deterioration of the blower B2.

[0080] Therefore, the control device 10 in this embodiment may adjust the supply amount of the exhaust gas G2 that bypasses the turbine 6b and is supplied to the chimney 5 (the supply amount of the exhaust gas G2 that flows through the bypass L28) in accordance with the blowing amount of the exhaust gas G2 blown from the blower B2 to the compressor 6a. Specifically, when switching from the independent operation control to the assisted operation control, the control device 10 may perform opening control of the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28 so that a predetermined amount of the exhaust gas G2 flows through the bypass L28.

[0081] As a result, in the incineration system 100 of this embodiment, when the assist operation control is being executed, for example, by reducing the heat input to the turbine 6b and lowering the rotation speed of the compressor 6a, it is possible to prevent the pressure in line L22 from reaching the predetermined pressure. Therefore, in the incineration system 100, for example, immediately after switching from independent operation control to assist operation control, it is possible to prevent the pressure in line L22 from reaching the predetermined pressure. Therefore, in the incineration system 100, it is possible to prevent repeated switching between independent operation control and assist operation control, for example, and to prevent breakdowns and deterioration of the blower B2.

[0082] [Example of pressure control inside incinerator 1] Next, we will explain a specific example of the in-furnace pressure control of the incinerator 1. Figures 4 to 7 are diagrams explaining a specific example of the in-furnace pressure control of the incinerator 1. Note that the dashed lines in Figures 4 to 7 indicate that the valves provided on each line are closed.

[0083] First, the incineration system 100 will be described at the start timing of the incinerator 1 internal pressure control (start-up timing of the incineration system 100). Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the incineration system 100 at the start timing of the incinerator 1 internal pressure control.

[0084] 4, the control device 10, for example, controls the opening of valves V1 and V2, and controls the closing of valves V3, V4, and V5. Then, the control device 10 starts, for example, the blower B2, and starts controlling the pressure inside the incinerator 1.

[0085] Next, the incineration system 100 starts, for example, the introduction of fuel using a fuel gun (not shown) and the raising of the temperature using a temperature-raising burner (not shown) in the incinerator 1. Furthermore, the incineration system 100 starts the introduction of sludge into the incinerator 1 via line L41, for example, and starts the incineration of the sludge in the incinerator 1.

[0086] Thereafter, the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 in association with the incineration of sludge in the incinerator 1 is supplied to the smoke washing treatment tower 4 via line L1, line L2 and line L3, as shown in Figure 4, and then supplied to the chimney 5 via line L21, blower B2, part of line L22, line L30, part of line L25, heat exchanger 2, part of line L26, line L27 and part of line L23, and is released to the outside from the chimney 5.

[0087] In this way, the control device 10 in this embodiment, for example, controls the supply unit 20 to supply the exhaust gas G2 blown from the blower B2 to the heat exchanger 2, and to supply the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger 2 to the chimney 5.

[0088] That is, for example, when the incineration system 100 starts to control the internal pressure of the incinerator 1, the control device 10 controls the supply unit 20 to start executing offline operation control.

[0089] This makes it possible for the control device 10 in this embodiment to start controlling the furnace pressure of the incinerator 1 even when, for example, the amount of waste heat in the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 is insufficient.

[0090] Next, the incineration system 100 at the start-up timing of the turbocharger 6 will be described. Figures 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating the incineration system 100 at the start-up timing of the turbocharger 6. The start-up timing of the turbocharger 6 may be, for example, the timing when the temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger 2 in line L26 rises to a predetermined temperature (hereinafter also referred to as the first temperature), or the timing when the temperature of the exhaust gas in line L2 rises to a predetermined temperature.

[0091] For example, when the control device 10 determines that it is time to start the turbocharger 6 based on the measured values ​​of various instruments provided on each line, it supplies the exhaust gas G2 to the turbine 6b and rotates the turbine 6b by, for example, performing control to close the valve V1 in stages, as shown in Fig. 5. Then, the compressor 6a starts to draw the exhaust gas G2 supplied from, for example, the blower B2.

[0092] Thereafter, for example, when it is determined from measurements by various instruments provided on each line that the pressure on the outlet side of the compressor 6a in the line L25 is greater than the pressure on the inlet side of the compressor 6a in the line L22, the control device 10 performs, for example, control to close the valve V2 in the line L30. That is, in this case, the control device 10 performs, for example, control to close the valve V2, thereby suppressing the backflow of the exhaust gas G2 from the line L25 to the line L30.

[0093] Furthermore, the control device 10 controls the opening and closing of the valve V3 as necessary, for example. Specifically, the control device 10 controls the opening and closing of the valve V3 so that, for example, the exhaust gas G2 drawn by the blower B2 but which the turbocharger 6 cannot draw is supplied to the line L29. This allows the control device 10 to continue drawing the exhaust gas G2 by the blower B2 even after controlling the valve V2 to close.

[0094] For example, if it is determined from the measurement values ​​of various instruments installed on each line that the amount of exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b has increased and that the entire amount of exhaust gas G2 attracted by the blower B2 can be supplied to the compressor 6a, the control device 10, for example, performs control to close the valve V3 and terminates control (opening and closing control of the valve V3) to continue attracting the exhaust gas G2 by the blower B2.

[0095] Thereafter, the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 in association with the incineration of sludge in the incinerator 1 is supplied to the smoke washing treatment tower 4 via line L1, line L2, and line L3, as shown in Figure 6, and then supplied to the chimney 5 via line L21, blower B2, line L22, compressor 6a, line L25, heat exchanger 2, line L26, turbine 6b, and line L23, and is released to the outside from the chimney 5.

[0096] In this way, the supply unit 20 in this embodiment can supply, for example, at least a portion of the exhaust gas G2 blown from the blower B2 to the compressor 6a and the chimney 5. The control device 10 in this embodiment controls the supply unit 20 in accordance with, for example, the amount of waste heat from the incinerator 1, to reduce the amount of exhaust gas G2 supplied from the blower B2 to the chimney 5 and to increase the amount of exhaust gas G2 supplied from the blower B2 to the compressor 6a.

[0097] That is, for example, when the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 increases, the control device 10 starts executing assist operation control by controlling the supply unit 20. Thereafter, for example, when the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 further increases, the control device 10 controls the supply unit 20 to reduce the amount of the exhaust gas G2 supplied to the chimney 5 while increasing the amount of the exhaust gas G2 supplied to the compressor 6a.

[0098] This allows the control device 10 in this embodiment to control the pressure inside the incinerator 1 while, for example, allowing the turbocharger 6 to induce the exhaust gas G2 as much as possible.

[0099] Next, the incineration system 100 at the timing when blower B2 is stopped will be explained. Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the incineration system 100 at the timing when blower B2 is stopped. The timing when blower B2 is stopped is, for example, the timing when the pressure on the inlet side of compressor 6a in line L22 reaches the predetermined pressure.

[0100] For example, when the control device 10 determines that it is time to stop the blower B2 based on the measured values ​​of various instruments provided on each line, it controls the valve V4 to open, for example, as shown in Fig. 7, so that the flue gas G2 supplied from the smoke washing tower 4 bypasses the blower B2 and is supplied to the turbocharger 6. Then, the control device 10 controls the blower B2 to stop, for example. That is, in this case, the control device 10 determines that the amount of the exhaust gas G2 induced by the turbocharger 6 has become sufficient, and starts induced flue gas G2 only by the turbocharger 6.

[0101] Furthermore, the control device 10 controls the opening and closing of the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28 as necessary. That is, in this case, the control device 10 controls the pressure inside the incinerator 1 by using the valve V5 instead of the blower B2 that has been stopped.

[0102] Thereafter, as shown in Fig. 7, the flue gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 as a result of the incineration of sludge in the incinerator 1 is supplied to the smoke washing treatment tower 4 via lines L1, L2, and L3, and then supplied to the chimney 5 via part of line L21, line L24, part of line L22, compressor 6a, line L25, heat exchanger 2, line L26, turbine 6b, and line L23, and then discharged to the outside from the chimney 5. In addition, part of the flue gas G2 flowing through line L26 flows through part of line L26, then passes through bypass L28, and merges with the flue gas G2 flowing through line L23.

[0103] In this way, the control device 10 in this embodiment controls, for example, the blower B2. Furthermore, the supply unit 20 in this embodiment can supply, for example, exhaust gas G2 from the incinerator 1 to the compressor 6a, bypassing the blower B2. The control device 10 in this embodiment controls to stop the blower B2 and controls the supply unit 20 according to the amount of waste heat from the incinerator 1, for example, to supply the exhaust gas G2 from the incinerator 1 to the compressor 6a, bypassing the blower B2, and transitions to autonomous operation control in which the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger 2 is supplied to the turbine 6b.

[0104] That is, the control device 10 starts to execute the autonomous operation control by controlling the supply unit 20 as the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 further increases, for example.

[0105] As a result, the control device 10 in this embodiment can control the pressure inside the incinerator 1 by, for example, only inducing the exhaust gas G2 by the turbocharger 6.

[0106] On the other hand, during execution of the autonomous operation control, if a decrease in the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 occurs and the energy of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 via the line L26 decreases, the control device 10 controls the valve V5 provided in the bypass L28 to gradually reduce the opening degree, thereby suppressing the amount of the exhaust gas G2 passing through the bypass L28 and suppressing a decrease in the amount of the exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b (the amount of thermal energy of the exhaust gas G2).The control device 10 then initiates switching to assist operation control, for example, when it determines that the flow rate (first flow rate) of the exhaust gas G2 flowing through the bypass L28 satisfies the first condition.Furthermore, the control device 10 initiates switching to assist operation control, for example, when the ratio of the first flow rate to the flow rate (second flow rate) of the exhaust gas G2 flowing through the line L25 satisfies the second condition.

[0107] That is, in this case, the control device 10 performs control to reverse each process (each process described in Figure 7) performed when switching from assisted operation control to autonomous operation control, and performs control so that the open / closed state of each valve becomes the state described in Figure 6.

[0108] In addition, for example, when the control device 10 determines that the temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger 2 in the line L26 has dropped to the above-mentioned first temperature while the assist operation control is being executed, it performs control to stop the turbocharger 6 and switches to offline operation.

[0109] That is, in this case, the control device 10 performs control to reverse each process (each process described in Figures 5 and 6) performed when switching from offline operation control to assist operation control, and performs control so that the open / closed state of each valve becomes the state described in Figure 4.

[0110] In this way, when the amount of waste heat from the incinerator 1 falls below a predetermined threshold during the autonomous operation control, the control device 10 in this embodiment stops the autonomous operation control, starts and controls the fan B2, and controls the supply unit 20 to supply the exhaust gas G2 from the incinerator 1 to the fan B2, supply the exhaust gas G2 blown from the fan B2 to the compressor 6a, and supply the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger 2 to the turbine 6b. Note that the predetermined threshold here may be a value (a so-called reference value) predetermined corresponding to the amount of waste heat from the incinerator 1, and may be, for example, a temperature predetermined based on the temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger 2 in the line L26, a rotation speed predetermined based on the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 6c of the turbocharger 6, or a flow rate predetermined based on the flow rate on the line L25.

[0111] In other words, the control device 10 in this embodiment controls the supply unit 20 to perform operation control according to the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1, even if the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 decreases, for example.

[0112] As a result, the control device 10 in this embodiment can continue to control the furnace pressure of the incinerator 1 even if, for example, the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1 decreases.

[0113] [Incineration system 200 according to the second embodiment] Next, an incineration system 200 according to the second embodiment will be described. Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the incineration system 200 according to the second embodiment.

[0114] As shown in Figure 8, the incineration system 200, like the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment, has, for example, an incinerator 1, a heat exchanger 2, a dust collector 3, a smoke washing tower 4, a chimney 5, a turbocharger 6, a blower B1, and a blower B2. Also, like the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment, the incineration system 200 has, for example, a control device 10 that controls the pressure inside the incinerator 1. Details of the incineration system 200 will be described below.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 8, the incineration system 200 is provided with a bypass L31 between the line L26 and the line L23, for example.

[0116] Similar to the bypass L28, the bypass L31 is, for example, a pipe that supplies the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 (part of the heated exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2) directly to the chimney 5, bypassing the turbine 6b. The bypass L31 communicates, for example, between the line L26 and the line L23. Specifically, the bypass L31 communicates, for example, between a location on the line L26 between the downstream side of the outlet of the heat exchanger 2 and the upstream side of the inlet of the turbine 6b, and a location on the line L23 between the downstream side of the outlet of the turbine 6b and the upstream side of the inlet of the chimney 5. In the example shown in FIG. 8 , the bypass L31 communicates with the line L26 and the line L23 at a location farther from the turbine 6b than the bypass L28; however, the bypass L31 may also communicate with the line L26 and the line L23 at a location closer to the turbine 6b than the bypass L28. The valve V5 provided in the bypass L28 and the valve V6 provided in the bypass L31 are, for example, valves with different capacities. In the following description, the capacity of the valve V6 is assumed to be smaller than that of the valve V5. The bypass L31 will also be referred to as the supply path. The supply unit 20 will hereinafter include the bypass L31 and the valve V6. While the valves V5 and V6 are shown in parallel in FIG. 8, they may also be installed in series. For example, a valve with a larger capacity may be installed upstream and a valve with a smaller capacity may be installed downstream. Here, the upstream pressure of the larger valve is P1, the pressure between the two valves is P2, and the downstream pressure of the smaller valve is P3. The larger the aperture of the larger valve, the higher the value of P2. Therefore, the pressure difference between P2 and P3 increases, resulting in an increased flow rate even when the aperture of the smaller valve remains the same.

[0117] The control device 10 adjusts the supply amount of the exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b, for example, by controlling the opening and closing of the valves V5 and V6.

[0118] This allows the incineration system 200 to stabilize the supply amount of exhaust gas G2 to the turbine 6b, even when there is a large change in the amount of waste heat of the exhaust gas G1 discharged from the incinerator 1. Specifically, the control device 10 finely adjusts the supply amount of air supplied to the turbine 6b, for example, by adjusting the opening of valve V6 (the valve with the smaller capacity). Specific examples of the opening and closing control of valves V5 and V6 are described below.

[0119] [Example of valve V5 and valve V6 opening and closing control] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of the opening and closing control of valves V5 and V6. Specifically, FIG. 9(A) is a graph illustrating a specific example of the opening and closing control of valve V6 (the valve with the smaller capacity), and FIG. 9(B) is a graph illustrating a specific example of the opening and closing control of valve V5 (the valve with the larger capacity). Note that the horizontal and vertical axes in each graph shown in FIG. 9 represent time and valve opening, respectively. Below, we will explain the case where the optimal opening range (hereinafter also referred to as the predetermined range) of valve V6 is between A1 and B1. Furthermore, the optimal valve opening refers to the valve opening range that allows flow rate adjustment with the accuracy (so-called high precision) desired by the designer of the incineration system 200. Specifically, in the example of FIG. 9, when the opening of valve V6 is between A1 and B1, high-precision flow rate adjustment is possible in valve V6.

[0120] The control device 10 controls the opening and closing of the valves V5 and V6, for example, so that the opening degree of the valve V6 is between A1 and B1.

[0121] When the degree of opening of valve V6 falls outside the range between A1 and B1, the control device 10 adjusts, for example, the degree of opening of valve V5. Also, the control device 10 adjusts, for example, the degree of opening of valve V5 so that the degree of opening of valve V6 remains constant.

[0122] Specifically, for example, when the aperture of valve V6 becomes larger than A1 (the upper limit of the optimal aperture of valve V6) as shown at time T1 in Fig. 9(A), the control device 10 adjusts the aperture of valve V5 to increase stepwise by a predetermined amount and decrease the aperture of valve V6 as shown in the time period between time T1 and time T2 in Fig. 9(A) and Fig. 9(B). As a result, for example, when the aperture of valve V6 becomes smaller to A2 as shown at time T2 in Fig. 9(A), the control device 10 ends the adjustment to increase the aperture of valve V5 as shown at time T2 in Fig. 9(B).

[0123] Furthermore, for example, when the aperture of valve V6 becomes smaller than B1 (the lower limit of the optimal aperture of valve V6) as shown at time T3 in Fig. 9(A), the control device 10 adjusts the aperture of valve V5 to decrease stepwise by a predetermined amount and increase the aperture of valve V6 as shown in the time period between time T3 and time T4 in Fig. 9(A) and Fig. 9(B). As a result, for example, when the aperture of valve V6 increases to B2 as shown at time T4 in Fig. 9(A), the control device 10 ends the adjustment to decrease the aperture of valve V5 as shown at time T4 in Fig. 9(B).

[0124] That is, when the capacity of the valve V6 is smaller than that of the valve V5, the valve V6 can adjust the supply amount of the exhaust gas G2 more precisely than the valve V5. Therefore, the control device 10 adjusts (finely adjusts) the aperture of the valve V6 to adjust the amount of the exhaust gas G2 flowing through the bypasses L28 and L31. For example, if the amount of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 via the line L26 increases and the valve V6 is no longer able to be adjusted within the optimal range, the control device 10 increases the aperture of the valve V5 to enable the valve V6 to be adjusted back within the optimal range. Furthermore, for example, if the amount of the exhaust gas G2 supplied from the heat exchanger 2 via the line L26 decreases and the valve V6 is no longer able to be adjusted within the optimal range, the control device 10 decreases the aperture of the valve V5 to enable the valve V6 to be adjusted back within the optimal range.

[0125] This allows the control device 10 to control the amount of exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b, for example, by finely adjusting the valve V6 which is capable of fine adjustment.

[0126] In this case, the control device 10 may, for example, continuously adjust the opening degree of the valve V5 so that the opening degree of the valve V6 is constant.

[0127] Furthermore, in the above example, the case where two bypasses (bypass L28 and bypass L31) are provided between line L26 and line L23 has been described, but three or more bypasses each having a valve with a different capacity may be provided between line L26 and line L23. That is, the control device 10 may adjust the aperture of valve V6, which is one of three or more valves with different capacities, and the aperture of valve V5, which is one of three or more valves with different capacities and has a larger capacity than valve V6, and adjust the aperture of valve V5 in accordance with the aperture of valve V6.

[0128] [Incineration system 300 in the third embodiment] Next, an incineration system 300 according to the third embodiment will be described. Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the incineration system 300 according to the third embodiment.

[0129] As shown in Figure 10, the incineration system 300, like the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment and the incineration system 200 in the second embodiment, has, for example, an incinerator 1, a heat exchanger 2, a dust collector 3, a smoke washing tower 4, a chimney 5, a turbocharger 6, a blower B1, and a blower B2. Also, like the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment and the incineration system 200 in the second embodiment, the incineration system 300 has, for example, a control device 10 that controls the pressure inside the incinerator 1. Details of the incineration system 300 will be explained below.

[0130] In the incineration system 100 of the first embodiment and the incineration system 200 of the second embodiment, a case has been described in which the system transitions to offline operation control and the turbocharger 6 is stopped in response to the inability to execute assist operation control of the turbocharger 6 due to a decrease in the amount of waste heat. In contrast, in this modified example, a case will be described in which the turbocharger 6 is forcibly stopped while continuing sludge incineration in the incinerator 1, even when the amount of waste heat has not decreased. The following two cases, for example, are assumed as cases in which the turbocharger 6 is stopped in this way.

[0131] The first case is when it is necessary to induce an amount of exhaust gas G2 greater than the amount that the turbocharger 6 can induce. An upper limit is set for the amount of exhaust gas G2 that the turbocharger 6 can induce in terms of performance. Therefore, for example, if the turbocharger 6 is caused to supply an amount of exhaust gas G2 that exceeds the upper limit of the turbocharger 6, a malfunction of the turbocharger 6 may occur.

[0132] The second case is when the supercharger 6 is stopped for the purpose of periodic inspection or when a failure occurs in the supercharger 6.

[0133] In this case, the control device 10 responds to, for example, a signal (hereinafter also referred to as a stop signal) instructing the turbocharger 6 to be stopped, and controls the supply of exhaust gas G2 in the supply unit 20 to stop the supply of exhaust gas G2 heated by the heat exchanger 2 to the turbine 6b. In order to stop the turbocharger 6 in this way, the control device 10 reduces the amount of exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b (the amount of exhaust gas G2 heated by the heat exchanger 2), and transitions from independent operation control to assist operation control.

[0134] Furthermore, even when the turbocharger 6 is stopped, the control device 10 continues to control the pressure inside the incinerator 1 and continue sludge combustion, so in response to this stop signal, it controls the supply of exhaust gas G2 in the supply unit 20 and supplies the exhaust gas G2 from the heat exchanger 2 to the chimney 5, bypassing the turbocharger 6. Note that hereinafter, the supply unit 20 is assumed to include the line L32 and the valve V7.

[0135] Next, stopping of the supercharger 6 will be described with reference to the flowchart of Fig. 11. Fig. 11 is a diagram for explaining stopping of the supercharger 6.

[0136] The control device 10 executes the processing from step S11 onwards in Fig. 11 in response to, for example, a stop signal instructing the turbocharger 6 to stop. The stop signal may be, for example, a stop instruction signal transmitted from an operation panel when an operator presses a stop instruction button (not shown) on the operation panel of the incineration system 300. The stop signal may also be, for example, an alarm signal detected by a fault detection system (not shown) of the turbocharger 6. Furthermore, the stop signal may be a signal generated by the control device 10 itself when, for example, it is necessary to attract more exhaust gas G2 than the turbocharger 6 can attract.

[0137] Specifically, the control device 10 determines the current operation control being executed in the incineration system 300 in response to, for example, a stop signal instructing the supercharger 6 to be stopped (step S11 in FIG. 11). Note that a memory (not shown) in the control device 10 may store, for example, information indicating that any one of autonomous operation control, assisted operation control, and offline operation control is being executed as the current operation control (hereinafter also referred to as execution control information). Furthermore, the control device 10 may execute step S11 by, for example, referring to the execution control information.

[0138] Then, when it is determined that the current operation control is the independent operation control (independent operation control in step S11 in FIG. 11), the control device 10 switches to, for example, the assist operation control (step S12 in FIG. 11). Specifically, when switching to the assist operation control, the control device 10 switches to the assist operation control by, for example, increasing the opening of the valve V1 provided in the line L27, thereby reducing the amount of exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b.

[0139] In addition, the control device 10 may, for example, instead of controlling the opening of the valve V1, provide a valve in the line connecting the line from the outlet of the compressor 6a to the inlet of the turbine 6b to the line of the outlet of the turbine 6b, and increase the opening degree of this valve.

[0140] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 10, the control device 10 switches to assist operation control by, for example, controlling the opening of a valve V7 provided in a line L32. The line L32 is, for example, a pipe that connects a portion of the line L25 between the downstream side of the outlet of the compressor 6a and the upstream side of the inlet of the exhaust gas G2 of the heat exchanger 2, and a portion of the line L23 between the downstream side of the outlet of the turbine 6b and the upstream side of the inlet of the chimney 5. The line L32 may also connect, for example, a portion of the line L26 between the downstream side of the outlet of the exhaust gas G2 of the heat exchanger 2 and the upstream side of the inlet of the turbine 6b, and a portion of the line L23 between the downstream side of the outlet of the turbine 6b and the upstream side of the inlet of the chimney 5. Note that, hereinafter, the supply unit 20 includes the line L32 and the valve V7.

[0141] In this switching control, the control device 10 determines, for example, from measurements by various instruments provided on each line, that the energy of the exhaust gas G2 supplied to the turbine 6b is not insufficient to operate the turbocharger 6, and starts supplying the exhaust gas G2 to the compressor 6a by using the blower B2. The measurement values ​​referred to in the above-mentioned determination are, for example, the flow rate of the exhaust gas G2 measured by a flow meter provided in the bypass L28 and the temperature of the exhaust gas G2 measured by a thermometer provided in the line L26.

[0142] Then, for example, after step S12, the control device 10 switches to offline operation control (step S13 in FIG. 11). When switching to offline operation control, for example, the control device 10 performs opening control of the valve V2 provided in the line L30 to stop the supply of the exhaust gas G2 from the blower B2 to the compressor 6a and starts direct supply of the exhaust gas G2 from the blower B2 to the heat exchanger 2. This switching to offline operation control stops the supply of the exhaust gas G2 to the turbine 6b and stops the turbocharger 6.

[0143] On the other hand, when it is determined that the current operation control is the assist operation control (assist operation control in step S11 in FIG. 11), the control device 10 switches to, for example, offline operation control (step S13 in FIG. 11).

[0144] In addition, the control device 10 may, for example, detect the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 6c of the turbocharger 6 after transitioning to offline operation control, and if it determines that the rotation speed has reached a predetermined rotation speed (for example, 0), notify the operator that the turbocharger 6 has stopped.

[0145] In this way, the control device 10 in this embodiment, for example, responds to a signal instructing the turbocharger 6 to stop, controls the supply unit 20 to stop the supply of the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger 2 to the turbine 6b, supplies the exhaust gas G2 blown from the blower B2 to the heat exchanger 2 bypassing the compressor 6a, and supplies the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger 2 to the chimney 5 bypassing the turbine 6b.

[0146] This allows the control device 10 in this embodiment to, for example, voluntarily stop the turbocharger 6. That is, the control device 10 in this embodiment can stop the turbocharger 6 while continuing sludge incineration in the incinerator 1, even if the amount of waste heat has not decreased, for example.

[0147] [Incineration system 400 according to the fourth embodiment] Next, an incineration system 400 according to the fourth embodiment will be described. Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the incineration system 400 according to the fourth embodiment.

[0148] As shown in Figure 12, the incineration system 400 has, for example, an incinerator 1, a heat exchanger 2, a dust collector 3, a smoke washing tower 4, a chimney 5, a turbocharger 6, a blower B1, and a blower B2, similar to the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment. Also, similar to the incineration system 100 in the first embodiment, the incineration system 400 has, for example, a control device 10 that controls the pressure inside the incinerator 1. Details of the incineration system 400 will be described below.

[0149] The incineration system 400 is an incineration system that can improve heat utilization efficiency when removing various substances (for example, nitrous oxide (N2O), a substance that causes global warming).

[0150] The incineration system 400 includes, for example, a reaction tower 30 having a catalyst that removes various harmful substances, as shown in Figure 12. Hereinafter, nitrous oxide will be exemplified as the harmful substance, and a catalyst that removes nitrous oxide (hereinafter also simply referred to as an N2O catalyst) will be exemplified as the catalyst.

[0151] The reaction tower 30 is provided in a pipe (for example, a line L23) that communicates between the inlet of the chimney 5 and the outlet of the turbine 6b. The reaction tower 30 is preferably provided, for example, in the line L23, downstream of the point where the line L23 communicates with a line L29. Note that, in order to prevent the reaction tower 30 from being used beyond its thermal resistance, a bypass line (not shown) may be provided in the heat exchanger 2 and the reaction tower 30.

[0152] The reaction rate of an NO catalyst decreases due to the influence of dust, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, and the like in exhaust gas. The reaction rate of an NO catalyst is generally around 400°C (hereinafter referred to as the optimal reaction temperature). To prevent this reaction rate decrease, dust is removed using a dust collector, and hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide are removed using a scrubber. When the dust collector is a so-called bag filter, the temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the bag filter is lowered to, for example, around 200°C. Furthermore, the temperature of the exhaust gas from which hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide have been removed in the scrubber is lowered to, for example, around 40°C. It is difficult to remove nitrous oxide from such a cooled exhaust gas using an NO catalyst. For this reason, conventionally, separate equipment has been installed to heat the NO catalyst to the optimal reaction temperature and maintain this temperature increase. Such equipment utilizes the waste heat of the exhaust gas as thermal energy for heating, leaving room for improvement in heat utilization efficiency.

[0153] Therefore, in the incineration system 400, for example, during assisted operation or independent operation, the flue gas from which dust, hydrogen chloride, sulfide oxides, etc. have been removed by passing through the dust collector 3 and the smoke washing treatment tower 4 is passed through line L22, compressor 6a, and line L25 and heated by the heat exchanger 2. Then, the high-temperature flue gas heated by the heat exchanger 2 flows into the reaction tower 30, passing through, for example, line L26 and line L23.

[0154] In this way, in the incineration system 400, for example, the thermal energy of the recovered waste heat can be used to rotate the turbine 6b while also being used to heat the catalyst, thereby improving heat utilization efficiency. Therefore, in the incineration system 400, for example, there is no need to install separate equipment for heating the catalyst in order to increase the reaction rate of the catalyst, and initial costs and maintenance costs are not required. [Explanation of symbols]

[0155] 1: Incinerator 1a: Fluidized bed 2: Heat exchanger 3: Dust collector 4: Smoke washing tower 5: Chimney 6: Turbocharger 6a: Compressor 6b: Turbine 6c: Rotating shaft 10: Control device 20: Supply unit 30: Reactor 100: Incineration system B1: Blower B2: Blower L1: Line L2: Line L3: Line L11: Line L12: Line L21: Line L22: Line L23: Line L24: Line L25: Line L26: Line L27: Line L28: Bypass L29: Line L30: Line L31: Bypass L32: Line L41: Line V1: Valve V2: Valve V3: Valve V4: Valve V5: Valve V6: Valve V7: Valve

Claims

1. an incinerator for incinerating the material to be treated; a turbocharger having a compressor that compresses the exhaust gas from the incinerator to generate compressed gas and a turbine that drives the compressor; a blower that draws in and blows the exhaust gas; an incineration system comprising: a supply unit that supplies at least one of the exhaust gas and the compressed gas blown from the blower to a heat exchanger that heats the gas using waste heat from the incinerator; supplies the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger to at least one of the turbine and the chimney; and can supply the exhaust gas blown from the blower to the chimney, bypassing the compressor, the heat exchanger, and the turbine.

2. an incinerator for incinerating the material to be treated; a turbocharger having a compressor that compresses the exhaust gas from the incinerator to generate compressed gas and a turbine that drives the compressor; a blower that draws in and blows the exhaust gas; a supply unit that supplies the exhaust gas blown from the blower to at least one of the compressor and a heat exchanger that is heated by waste heat from the incinerator, supplies the compressed gas to the heat exchanger, and can supply heated gas heated by the heat exchanger to at least one of the turbine and a chimney; An incineration system, wherein the compressor is disposed after the blower.

3. a control device for controlling the supply unit, The incineration system described in claim 1, wherein the control device controls the supply unit to supply the exhaust gas blown from the blower to the heat exchanger and to supply the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger to the chimney.

4. the supply unit is capable of supplying at least a portion of the exhaust gas blown from the blower to the compressor and the chimney, The incineration system described in claim 3, wherein the control device controls the supply unit according to the amount of waste heat from the incinerator to reduce the amount of exhaust gas supplied from the blower to the chimney and increase the amount of exhaust gas supplied from the blower to the compressor.

5. The control device controls the blower, The supply unit can supply the exhaust gas from the incinerator to the compressor, bypassing the blower, The control device controls the blower to stop and the supply unit according to the amount of waste heat from the incinerator, so that the exhaust gas from the incinerator bypasses the blower and is supplied to the compressor, and the heated gas is supplied to the turbine. The incineration system according to claim 4, wherein the control device switches to a supercharger autonomous operation control.

6. The incineration system according to claim 5, wherein when the amount of waste heat from the incinerator falls below a predetermined threshold during the turbocharger autonomous operation control, the control device stops the turbocharger autonomous operation control, starts and controls the blower, and controls the supply unit to supply the exhaust gas from the incinerator to the blower, supply the exhaust gas blown from the blower to the compressor, and supply the heated gas to the turbine.

7. 4. The incineration system according to claim 3, wherein the control device controls the supply unit in response to a signal instructing the turbocharger to stop supplying the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger to the turbine, supplies the exhaust gas blown from the blower to the heat exchanger bypassing the compressor, and supplies the heated gas heated by the heat exchanger to the chimney bypassing the turbine.

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