Walls, wall construction methods, precast block sets, precast blocks

Abstract

To provide walls etc. that can be easily constructed and can be also reduced in cost.SOLUTION: A wall is constructed by lining up precast blocks 10-1 and 10-2 left and right with downward projecting reinforcing bars so that the reinforcing-bars are located in predetermined positions. The reinforcing bars 12, which are provided to protrude from each of the opposing faces of the adjacent precast blocks 10-1 and 10-2, form an overlap joint between the adjacent precast blocks 10-1 and 10-2, and both reinforcing bars 12 are different in position in the block thickness direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a wall, a method for constructing the wall, and precast blocks and the like used therefor. [Background technology]

[0002] Above-ground tanks have cylindrical walls, which are sometimes constructed by arranging precast blocks in the circumferential and vertical directions of the wall (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] In Patent Document 1, precast blocks with rebars protruding from the underside and holes on the top side are used, and the rebars protruding from the underside of the upper precast block are inserted into the holes on the top side of the lower precast block, and the upper and lower precast blocks are stacked. In addition, rebars protrude from each of the left and right side surfaces of the precast blocks, and for precast blocks adjacent in the circumferential direction of the wall, the rebars protruding from the opposing surfaces are connected by mechanical joints to connect the precast blocks. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-176441 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, when connecting rebars with mechanical joints, it is difficult to align the rebars of adjacent precast blocks, making it difficult to build walls with high precision in the manufacture and construction of precast blocks. Another disadvantage of using mechanical joints to join precast blocks is the high cost.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a wall or the like that can be constructed easily and at reduced cost. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The first invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a wall constructed by arranging precast blocks, each having a rod member protruding downward, side by side so that the rod member is positioned in a predetermined position, and a lap joint is formed between the adjacent precast blocks by rod-shaped joint members provided so as to protrude from each of the opposing faces of the adjacent precast blocks, and the positions of both joint members in the block thickness direction are different, and the joint members are provided so as to protrude from the left and right side faces of both adjacent precast blocks, In each precast block The positions of the joint materials protruding from the left and right side surfaces in the thickness direction of the block are the same, and the joint materials protruding from the left and right side surfaces are the left and right ends of a single joint material embedded in the precast block. In each of the precast blocks, the joint materials embedded in the precast block are provided in multiple vertical tiers, and the multiple vertical tiers of joint materials are connected by steel plates on the sides of the precast block. In each of the precast blocks, the multiple vertical tiers of joint materials are arranged in multiple sets at intervals in the block thickness direction, and the multiple vertical tiers of joint materials in each set are connected by different steel plates. The wall is characterized by 。 Ma Another possible wall structure is one constructed by arranging precast blocks, each having a rod protruding downward, side by side so that the rod is positioned in a predetermined position, and in which a lap joint is formed between adjacent precast blocks by a rod-shaped joint member protruding from each of the opposing faces of the adjacent precast blocks, and the joint member is attached to an attachment portion provided on one of the opposing faces.

[0008] In this invention, when constructing a wall using precast blocks, the joint materials of adjacent precast blocks form a lap joint, eliminating the need for mechanical joints, making wall construction easier and reducing costs. Furthermore, in the first invention, the joint materials arranged on the opposing faces of adjacent precast blocks are positioned at different positions in the block thickness direction, while in the second invention, the joint materials can be retrofitted to the mounting parts. Therefore, when a new precast block is lowered next to an already installed precast block, the joint materials of both precast blocks do not interfere with each other, facilitating the installation work of lowering the precast block.

[0009] The wall may be, for example, the wall of an above-ground tank. This makes it easy to construct above-ground tanks.

[0010] The rod is inserted into a hole provided at a predetermined position, for example. The present invention is particularly effective in cases where it is desired to install a precast block by inserting a rod into a hole, by lowering the precast block vertically downward without changing its planar position, and then placing the rod in a predetermined position to install the block.

[0011] The second invention is a wall construction method in which precast blocks having downwardly protruding rods are arranged side by side so that the rods are positioned in predetermined positions to construct a wall. A lap joint is formed between the adjacent precast blocks by rod-shaped joint members provided so as to protrude from each of the opposing faces of the adjacent precast blocks, and the positions of both joint members in the block thickness direction are different. The joint materials are provided so as to protrude from the left and right side surfaces of adjacent precast blocks, the positions of the joint materials protruding from the left and right side surfaces of each of the precast blocks in the thickness direction of the block are the same, the joint materials protruding from the left and right side surfaces are the left and right ends of a single joint material embedded in the precast block, the joint materials embedded in each of the precast blocks are provided in multiple vertical tiers, and the multiple vertical tiers of joint materials are connected by steel plates on the sides of the precast block, and the multiple vertical tiers of joint materials are arranged in multiple sets in each of the precast blocks at intervals in the thickness direction of the block, and the multiple vertical tiers of joint materials in each set are connected by different steel plates. This is a wall construction method characterized by the above. Another method of constructing a wall involves arranging precast blocks, each having a rod protruding downward, side by side so that the rod is positioned in a predetermined position, and forming a wall. A lap joint is formed between adjacent precast blocks by a rod-shaped joint member that protrudes from each of the opposing faces of the adjacent precast blocks. After the precast blocks are arranged side by side, the joint member can be attached to an attachment portion provided on one of the opposing faces of the adjacent precast blocks. The second invention relates to a method for constructing the wall of the first invention.

[0012] A third invention is a precast block set consisting of a pair of precast blocks used to construct a wall body by arranging them side by side, wherein the precast blocks have rods protruding downward from the precast blocks and rod-shaped joint members provided so as to protrude from the left and right side surfaces of the precast blocks, and the positions of the joint members of one precast block and the other precast block in the block thickness direction are different, and the positions of the joint members protruding from the left and right side surfaces of both the precast blocks in the block thickness direction are , in each of the precast blocks The joint members protruding from the left and right side surfaces are the left and right ends of a single joint member embedded in the precast block. In each of the precast blocks, the joint materials embedded in the precast block are provided in multiple vertical tiers, and the multiple vertical tiers of joint materials are connected by steel plates on the sides of the precast block. In each of the precast blocks, the multiple vertical tiers of joint materials are arranged in multiple sets at intervals in the block thickness direction, and the multiple vertical tiers of joint materials in each set are connected by different steel plates. This is a precast block set characterized by the following. Another type of precast block is a precast block used to construct a wall by arranging the blocks side by side, characterized in that it has a rod material protruding downward from the precast block, a rod-shaped coupling material protruding from one of the left and right sides of the precast block, and an attachment portion for attaching the rod-shaped coupling material, which is provided on the other of the left and right sides of the precast block. The third invention relates to a precast block used to construct the wall of the first invention. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The present invention can provide a wall or the like that can be easily constructed and at low cost. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] A diagram showing aboveground tank 1. [Figure 2] A diagram showing a precast block 10. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a method for constructing wall 2. [Figure 4] A diagram showing the position of reinforcing bars 12 in blocks 10-1 and 10-2. [Figure 5] FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 shows block 10'. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 shows block 10a. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a method for constructing wall 2. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a method for constructing wall 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0016] [First embodiment] (1. Aboveground Tank 1) FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an above-ground tank 1 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "tank") having a wall body 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The tank 1 has a cylindrical wall body 2 attached to a base 5 on the ground, and a metal roof 3 is provided on top of the wall body 2. The tank 1 stores a material inside the wall body 2. There are no particular restrictions on the material to be stored. The roof 3 may also be made of concrete.

[0017] In this tank 1, the wall 2 is formed from precast blocks 10 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "blocks"). The blocks 10 are lined up in the circumferential direction of the wall 2 and stacked in the vertical direction. A filler material such as concrete is provided between adjacent blocks 10 on the top, bottom, left, and right sides in the circumferential and vertical directions of the wall 2, thereby forming joints 7 in the vertical and circumferential directions of the wall 2.

[0018] (2. Block 10) 2(a) and (b) are diagrams showing the front and top surfaces of the block 10. The block 10 has a block main body (hereinafter referred to as the "main body") 11 provided with reinforcing bars 12 and 14, holes 13, etc. The front surface of the block 10 corresponds to the outer surface of the wall body 2.

[0019] The main body 11 is a rectangular plate-shaped concrete member, the plane of which is slightly arc-shaped according to the diameter of the wall body 2.

[0020] The reinforcing bars 12 are rod-shaped joint materials provided on the left and right side surfaces of the main body 11. The reinforcing bars 12 are arranged in multiple vertical rows so as to protrude from the main body 11. The reinforcing bars 12 on the left side surface and the reinforcing bars 12 on the right side surface are each provided in parallel with a gap in the thickness direction of the block (two bars in the example shown). The thickness direction of the block corresponds to the thickness direction of the wall body 2 or the radial direction of the cylindrical wall body 2, and the left-right direction of the block 10 corresponds to the circumferential direction of the wall body 2.

[0021] The reinforcing bars 12 on the left and right sides of the main body 11 are provided at the same position in the vertical direction and in the block thickness direction. As shown by the symbol a as an example, the reinforcing bars 12 on the left and right sides are realized by the left and right ends of a single reinforcing bar embedded in the main body 11.

[0022] The holes 13 are provided at predetermined positions on the top surface of the main body 11. The reinforcing bars 14 are rods provided on the underside of the main body 11 so as to protrude downward from the main body 11. The holes 13 and the reinforcing bars 14 are provided at corresponding positions on a plane, and are arranged in two rows, one inside and one outside, with a gap in the left-right direction of the block 10.

[0023] In this embodiment, a precast block set consisting of a pair of blocks 10 shown in Figures 2(a) and (b) is used to construct the wall 2. The blocks 10 in Figures 2(a) and 2(b) have different positions of the reinforcing bars 12 in the block thickness direction, with the reinforcing bars 12 in the block 10 in Figure 2(b) being located closer to the center in the block thickness direction than the reinforcing bars 12 in the block 10 in Figure 2(a).

[0024] In the following description, the block 10 in Fig. 2(a) may be referred to as block 10-1, and the block 10 in Fig. 2(b) may be referred to as block 10-2. The wall body 2 uses the same number of blocks 10-1 and 10-2, and the number of blocks in the circumferential direction of the wall body 2 is an even number.

[0025] (3. Construction method of wall 2) Next, a method for constructing the wall body 2 using the blocks 10 will be described. In this embodiment, after constructing the base slab 5, etc., the blocks 10 of the first row (lowest row) are arranged in the circumferential direction of the wall body 2, and then the blocks 10 of the second row are arranged in the circumferential direction of the wall body 2 on top of the blocks 10 of the first row. In each row, the blocks 10-1 and 10-2 are arranged alternately.

[0026] As shown in Figure 3(a), when placing the second block 10-1, the upper (second) block 10-1 is lowered vertically from above the lower (first) block 10-1. Then, the reinforcing bars 14 of the upper block 10-1 are inserted into the holes 13 at predetermined positions in the lower block 10-1, and the upper block 10-1 is placed on top of the lower block 10-1.

[0027] As a result, a lap joint of the reinforcing bars 12 is formed between the blocks 10-1 and 10-2 that are adjacent to each other on the left and right (corresponding to the circumferential direction of the wall body 2), as shown in Figure 3(b). Note that Figure 3 shows an example in which the block 10-1 is lowered next to the already installed block 10-2, but the same applies when the block 10-2 is lowered next to the already installed block 10-1.

[0028] Figure 4 is a top view of the lap joint. In this embodiment, the positions of the reinforcing bars 12 arranged on the opposing surfaces of adjacent blocks 10-1 and 10-2 in the block thickness direction are different. Therefore, when a new block 10-1 is lowered vertically next to the installed block 10-2 in Figure 3(a), the reinforcing bars 12 on the opposing surfaces of the two blocks 10-1 and 10-2 do not interfere with each other. The same applies when lowering a new block 10-2 next to the installed block 10-1.

[0029] In this way, the second row of blocks 10 are lined up in the circumferential direction of the wall body 2, and the second row of blocks 10 are installed by filling the spaces between the upper, lower, left, and right blocks 10 with filler to form joints 7. The first row of blocks 10 described above can also be installed by inserting the reinforcing bars 14 on the underside of the blocks 10 into holes (not shown) formed at predetermined positions in the base slab 5, following the same procedure as above.

[0030] The above steps are repeated, stacking upper blocks 10 on top of lower blocks 10, thereby constructing the wall 2 of the tank 1. Thereafter, the necessary components such as the roof 3 are installed, and the tank 1 is constructed.

[0031] As described above, according to this embodiment, when constructing a wall 2 using blocks 10, lap joints are formed by the reinforcing bars 12 of adjacent blocks 10, eliminating the need for mechanical joints, making it easier to construct the wall 2 and reducing costs.

[0032] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the positions of the reinforcing bars 12 arranged on the opposing surfaces of adjacent blocks 10 in the block thickness direction are different, so when a new block 10 is lowered next to an installed block 10, the reinforcing bars 12 of both blocks 10 do not interfere with each other, making it easy to install the block 10 by lowering it. This is particularly effective in cases where it is desired to lower the block 10 vertically downward without moving its planar position, and then place the reinforcing bars 14 in the predetermined position to install the block 10, such as when installing the block 10 by inserting the reinforcing bars 14 into the holes 13 at predetermined positions.

[0033] However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, the wall 2 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and its plane may be polygonal. The shape of the block 10 can also be determined appropriately according to the shape of the wall 2. Furthermore, the application of the wall 2 is not limited to aboveground tanks 1, and it can be applied to other structures, and the plane of the wall 2 does not have to be closed.

[0034] The configuration of the block 10 is also not limited. For example, as shown in Fig. 5, the upper and lower reinforcing bars 12 may be fixed to connecting members 17 such as steel plates with nuts or the like, and these reinforcing bars 12 may be connected by the connecting members 17. Alternatively, each reinforcing bar 12 may be individually provided with an anchoring body such as a steel plate. The method of connecting the upper and lower blocks 10 is also not particularly limited as long as it positions the reinforcing bars 14 in predetermined positions. For example, in some cases, the reinforcing bars of the upper and lower blocks may be connected to each other using mechanical joints.

[0035] In this embodiment, the positions of the reinforcing bars 12 on the left and right side surfaces of the block 10 in the thickness direction of the block are the same, but the positions may be different.

[0036] For example, in block 10', the top surface of which is shown in Fig. 6(a), the two reinforcing bars 12 on one side of the body 11 (the right side in the example shown) are positioned closer to the center in the thickness direction of the block than the two reinforcing bars 12 on the other side (the left side in the example shown). In this case as well, as shown in Fig. 6(b), the reinforcing bars 12 arranged on the opposing surfaces of adjacent blocks 10' do not interfere with each other, and the same effect as when blocks 10-1 and 10-2 in Fig. 2 are used can be obtained.

[0037] In the example of Figure 6, the wall 2 can be constructed using one type of block 10', which has the advantage of reducing the effort required for block manufacturing. The number of blocks around the periphery of the wall 2 can also be an odd number, not just an even number. However, as with symbol a in Figure 2, if the reinforcing bars 12 on both sides are realized using the left and right ends of a single reinforcing bar, the reinforcing bar must be bent inside the main body 11, which makes the reinforcing bar arrangement more complex. It is also possible to bend the reinforcing bar outside the main body 11 to change the positions of the left and right ends in the block thickness direction, but the width of the joint 7 must be increased by the distance from the side of the main body 11 to the bent part.

[0038] In the example of Figure 6, the two reinforcing bars 12 on one side of the main body 11 are located closer to the center in the block thickness direction than the two reinforcing bars 12 on the other side, but the positions of the reinforcing bars 12 in the block thickness direction only need to be different on both sides, and to that extent, the specific arrangement of the reinforcing bars 12 is not particularly limited.

[0039] Next, an example in which the configuration of the precast block is different will be described as a second embodiment. The second embodiment will be mainly described in terms of differences from the first embodiment, and descriptions of other aspects will be omitted.

[0040] [Second embodiment] 7 is a diagram showing a block 10a according to the second embodiment. In this block 10a, a reinforcing bar 12 is provided on one side of a main body 11 (the right side in the illustrated example), but instead of the reinforcing bar 12, a cylindrical insert 15 such as a long nut or a sleeve (with or without a female thread) that serves as an attachment part for attaching the reinforcing bar 12 is embedded on the other side of the main body 11 (the left side in the illustrated example).

[0041] The reinforcing bars 12 and the inserts 15 on both sides of the main body 11 are provided at the same positions in the vertical direction and the block thickness direction. As shown by the symbol b as an example, the reinforcing bars 12 are realized by the ends of reinforcing bars embedded in the main body 11, and the opposite ends of the reinforcing bars are inserted into and fixed in the inserts 15.

[0042] In this embodiment, a precast block set consisting of a pair of blocks 10a shown in Figures 7(a) and (b) is used to construct the wall 2. The blocks 10a in Figures 7(a) and (b) have different vertical positions of the reinforcing bars 12 and inserts 15, and the reinforcing bars 12 and inserts 15 in each row of the block 10a in Figure 7(b) are positioned slightly higher than the reinforcing bars 12 and inserts 15 in each row of the block 10a in Figure 7(a).

[0043] In the following description, the block 10a in Fig. 7(a) may be referred to as block 10a-1, and the block 10a in Fig. 7(b) may be referred to as block 10a-2. When constructing the wall 2, the same number of blocks 10a-1 and 10a-2 are used.

[0044] In this embodiment, when constructing the wall 2, as shown in FIG. 8(a), the upper block 10a-1 is hung vertically downward from above the lower block 10a-1, and the reinforcing bars 14 of the upper block 10a-1 are inserted into holes 13 at predetermined positions in the lower block 10a-1, and the upper block 10a-1 is placed next to the already installed block 10a-2.

[0045] 8(b), reinforcing bars 12 are inserted into the inserts 15 of the installed block 10a-2, and the reinforcing bars 12 are attached to the inserts 15, thereby forming lap joints between the reinforcing bars 12 between the blocks 10a-1 and 10a-2 that are adjacent to each other on the left and right (corresponding to the circumferential direction of the wall body 2). The subsequent procedures are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0046] In this manner, in this embodiment, a new block 10a is lowered next to the already installed block 10a, and then the reinforcing bars 12 are attached to the inserts 15. Therefore, when the block 10a is lowered, the reinforcing bars 12 arranged on the opposing surfaces of the adjacent blocks 10a do not interfere with each other, and in this case too, the installation work of lowering the block 10a can be easily performed.

[0047] In this embodiment, a new block 10a-1 is lowered next to the installed block 10a-2, and then the reinforcing bars 12 are attached to the inserts 15 of the installed block 10a-2. However, as shown in Figures 9(a) and (b), it is also possible to form a lap joint between the new block 10a-2 and the reinforcing bars 12 of the installed block 10a-1 by lowering the new block 10a-2 next to the installed block 10a-1 and then attaching the reinforcing bars 12 to the inserts 15 of the new block 10a-2.

[0048] In this embodiment, the reinforcing bars 12 and inserts 15 of block 10a-1 and the reinforcing bars 12 and inserts 15 of block 10a-2 are positioned differently in the vertical direction, but the reinforcing bars 12 and inserts 15 may be positioned differently between blocks 10a-1 and 10a-2. For example, the reinforcing bars 12 and inserts 15 may be positioned differently in the thickness direction of the block but the same in the vertical direction, or may be positioned differently both vertically and in the thickness direction of the block. Also, as in the example of Figure 6, it is possible to construct a wall 2 using one type of block 10a by positioning the reinforcing bars 12 and inserts 15 on the left and right sides of block 10a differently.

[0049] In this embodiment, the insert 15 is provided in the main body 11 of the block 10a as a mounting portion for the reinforcing bar 12, but a mounting hole for the reinforcing bar 12 may be formed in the side of the main body 11 as a mounting portion for the reinforcing bar 12. In this case, instead of inserting the reinforcing bar 12 into the insert 15, the reinforcing bar 12 is inserted into the mounting hole to form a lap joint, and the mounting hole is filled with a filler material. Also, the mounting hole may be made long, and a portion of the reinforcing bar 12 that has been inserted into the mounting hole may be pulled out to form a lap joint, and the mounting hole may be filled with a filler material.

[0050] While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to these examples. It is clear that those skilled in the art can conceive of various modifications or alterations within the scope of the technical ideas disclosed herein, and it is understood that these modifications also fall within the technical scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0051] 1: Above-ground tank 2: Wall 3: Roof 5: Bottom plate 7: Joint 10, 10', 10a: Precast blocks 11: Main body 12, 14: Reinforced concrete 13: Hole 15: Insert

Claims

1. A wall constructed by arranging precast blocks having downwardly protruding rods side by side so that the rods are positioned in predetermined positions, A lap joint is formed between the adjacent precast blocks by rod-shaped joint members provided so as to protrude from each of the opposing surfaces of the adjacent precast blocks, The positions of the two joint materials in the block thickness direction are different, The joint members are provided so as to protrude from the left and right side surfaces of both adjacent precast blocks, and the positions of the joint members protruding from the left and right side surfaces of each precast block in the thickness direction of the block are the same; The joint members protruding from the left and right side surfaces are left and right ends of a single joint member embedded in the precast block, In each of the precast blocks, the joint materials embedded in the precast block are provided in multiple vertical stages, and the multiple vertical stages of the joint materials are connected by steel plates on the sides of the precast block, A wall body characterized in that in each of the precast blocks, the upper and lower multiple layers of the joint materials are arranged in multiple sets at intervals in the thickness direction of the block, and the upper and lower multiple layers of the joint materials in each set are connected by different steel plates.

2. 2. The wall of claim 1, wherein the wall is a wall of an above-ground tank.

3. 3. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the rods are inserted into holes provided at predetermined positions.

4. A method for constructing a wall by arranging precast blocks having downwardly protruding rods side by side so that the rods are positioned in predetermined positions, A lap joint is formed between the adjacent precast blocks by rod-shaped joint members provided so as to protrude from each of the opposing surfaces of the adjacent precast blocks, The positions of the two joint materials in the block thickness direction are different, The joint members are provided so as to protrude from the left and right side surfaces of both adjacent precast blocks, and the positions of the joint members protruding from the left and right side surfaces of each precast block in the thickness direction of the block are the same; The joint members protruding from the left and right side surfaces are left and right ends of a single joint member embedded in the precast block, In each of the precast blocks, the joint materials embedded in the precast block are provided in multiple vertical stages, and the multiple vertical stages of the joint materials are connected by steel plates on the sides of the precast block, A wall construction method characterized in that in each of the precast blocks, the upper and lower multiple layers of joint materials are arranged in multiple sets at intervals in the thickness direction of the block, and the upper and lower multiple layers of joint materials in each set are connected by different steel plates.

5. A precast block set consisting of a pair of precast blocks used to build a wall side by side, The precast block is a bar protruding downward from the precast block; Rod-shaped joint members provided so as to protrude from the left and right side surfaces of the precast block; and The positions of the joint material of one of the precast blocks and the joint material of the other precast block in the block thickness direction are different, The positions of the joint materials protruding from the left and right side surfaces of both the precast blocks in the block thickness direction are the same for each of the precast blocks, The joint members protruding from the left and right side surfaces are left and right ends of a single joint member embedded in the precast block, In each of the precast blocks, the joint materials embedded in the precast block are provided in multiple vertical stages, and the multiple vertical stages of the joint materials are connected by steel plates on the sides of the precast block, A precast block set characterized in that in each of the precast blocks, the upper and lower multiple layers of joint materials are arranged in multiple sets at intervals in the thickness direction of the block, and the upper and lower multiple layers of joint materials in each set are connected by different steel plates.

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