Battery state estimation method and battery system providing the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for estimating a state of a battery and a battery system providing the same, the battery system of the present invention including a battery including a plurality of battery cells, a communication unit that communicates with a system in which the battery system is installed and receives identification information of the system, a monitoring unit that collects at least one of battery information among a plurality of cell voltages of the plurality of battery cells, a current and a temperature of the battery, a storage unit that stores a plurality of SOC estimation models that estimate a state of charge (SOC) of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the battery information according to a predetermined algorithm and a first weighting value corresponding to the identification information, and a control unit that calculates an average value of a first SOC for each of the plurality of battery cells by summing results of applying the first weighting value to a plurality of SOCs estimated by the plurality of SOC estimation models.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] [Cross-reference to related applications] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0005739, filed on January 14, 2022, and all contents disclosed in the documents of this Korean patent application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for estimating a battery state such as SOC (State of Charge), SOH (State of Health), SOP (State of Power), etc. (hereinafter referred to as SOX) of a battery, and a battery system that provides the method. [Background technology]

[0003] Batteries installed in high-power products such as electric or hybrid vehicles contain many cells connected in series or parallel to supply high voltage to the load. For eco-friendly cars, battery performance is directly linked to the performance of the car, so the role of a Battery Management System (BMS) that efficiently manages the battery status is important.

[0004] The BMS estimates the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and available charge / discharge power (SOP) of the battery (or battery cell) based on the battery current flowing through the battery, the cell voltages of the battery cells, and the battery temperature (hereinafter referred to as battery data), and diagnoses the battery status based on the estimated results. If an error occurs as a result of diagnosing the battery status, the BMS transmits the diagnosis result to the upper system (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, ESS, etc.) in which the battery system is installed so that the overall safety and performance of the upper system can be managed.

[0005] However, due to the nonlinearity of battery cells, it is impossible to directly measure the battery's State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), and SOP. Therefore, the BMS includes a SOC estimation model, a SOH estimation model, and a SOP estimation model, and each estimation model estimates the battery's State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), and SOP based on battery data.

[0006] However, because battery diagnosis is based on results derived from an indirect estimation method rather than a direct measurement method, the diagnosis results are difficult to trust. To solve this problem, in recent years, a method has been used to estimate the state of charge (SOC) by applying weighting values ​​to multiple estimation models. However, this method also applies a uniform weighting value without considering the type or state of the host system in which the battery system is installed, so it is unable to fundamentally solve the problem of the reliability of the estimation method. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The present invention provides a battery state estimation method that estimates the battery state (SOC, SOH, SOP, etc.) by reflecting weights optimized for a host system in which the battery system is installed in a plurality of estimation models, and a battery system that provides the method. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A battery system according to one aspect of the present invention includes a battery including a plurality of battery cells; a communication unit that communicates with a system in which the battery system is installed and receives identification information of the system; a monitoring unit that collects at least one of battery information among a plurality of cell voltages of the plurality of battery cells, a current and a temperature of the battery; a storage unit that stores a plurality of SOC estimation models that estimate the state of charge (SOC) of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the battery information according to a predetermined algorithm, and a first weighting value corresponding to the identification information; and a control unit that calculates an average value of a first SOC for each of the plurality of battery cells by summing results of applying the first weighting value to a plurality of SOCs estimated by the plurality of SOC estimation models.

[0009] The control unit may calculate an average value of a second SOC by summing results of applying second weights corresponding to the identification information and predetermined estimation conditions to the plurality of SOCs for each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0010] The estimation condition can be determined according to a result of comparing each of the collected cell voltages with a predetermined reference value.

[0011] The storage unit stores a plurality of identification information relating to each of a plurality of higher-level systems on which the battery system can be mounted, a plurality of first weighted values ​​corresponding to each of the plurality of identification information, and a plurality of second weighted values ​​corresponding to each of the plurality of identification information and the estimation conditions.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, a battery system includes a battery including a plurality of battery cells; a communication unit that communicates with a system in which the battery system is installed and receives identification information of the system; a monitoring unit that collects at least one of battery information including a plurality of cell voltages of the plurality of battery cells, a current of the battery, and a temperature; a storage unit that stores a plurality of SOH estimation models that estimate a State of Health (SOH) of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the battery information according to a predetermined algorithm, and a first weight value corresponding to the identification information; and a control unit that calculates an average first SOH by summing results of applying the first weight values ​​to a plurality of SOHs estimated by the plurality of SOH estimation models for each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0013] The control unit may calculate an average value of a second SOH by summing the results of applying a second weight corresponding to the identification information and a predetermined estimation condition to the plurality of SOHs for each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0014] The estimation condition is determined according to a result of comparing each of the collected cell voltages with a predetermined reference value.

[0015] The storage unit stores a plurality of identification information relating to each of a plurality of higher-level systems on which the battery system can be mounted, a plurality of first weighted values ​​corresponding to each of the plurality of identification information, and a plurality of second weighted values ​​corresponding to each of the plurality of identification information and the estimation conditions.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a battery state estimation method includes determining a first weight value corresponding to identification information of a system in which a battery system is installed; receiving a plurality of State of Charge (SOC) values ​​from a plurality of SOC estimation models that estimate the SOC of each of a plurality of battery cells included in the battery based on battery information according to a predetermined algorithm; and calculating an average first SOC value for each of the plurality of battery cells by summing results of applying the first weight value to the plurality of SOC values, wherein the battery information includes at least one of a plurality of cell voltages of the plurality of battery cells, a current of the battery, and a temperature of the battery.

[0017] The determining of the weight value may determine a second weight value corresponding to the identification information of the system and a predetermined estimation condition that has been set, and the calculating may calculate an average value of a second SOC by summing results of applying the second weight value to the plurality of SOCs for each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0018] The estimation condition is determined according to a result of comparing each of the plurality of cell voltages with a predetermined reference value. [Effects of the Invention]

[0019] The present invention can improve the reliability of the estimated results by estimating the state of a battery by reflecting weights optimized for the environment in which the battery is used, i.e., the upper system in which the battery system is installed, in multiple estimation models.

[0020] The present invention estimates the battery state by reflecting weighted values ​​that take into account not only the host system in which the battery system is installed but also the current state of the battery (such as cell voltage) in multiple estimation models, thereby significantly increasing the reliability of the estimated results. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1]1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a host system in which a battery system according to an embodiment is installed. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the battery system of FIG. 1 in more detail. [Figure 3] 3 is a block diagram for explaining in detail the function of a control unit (MCU) in FIG. 2. FIG. [Figure 4] 10 is a flowchart illustrating a battery state estimation method according to another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] Hereinafter, the embodiments disclosed herein will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical or similar components will be designated by the same or similar reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. The suffixes "module" and / or "section" used in the following description are used solely for the convenience of writing the specification and do not have any distinct meanings or functions. Furthermore, when describing the embodiments disclosed herein, if a detailed description of related prior art is deemed to obscure the gist of the embodiments disclosed herein, such detailed description will be omitted. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are intended to facilitate understanding of the embodiments disclosed herein, and the accompanying drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical concepts disclosed herein, and all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives within the concept and technical scope of the present invention should be understood to be included.

[0023] Terms including ordinal numbers such as first, second, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. The terms are used only to distinguish one component from another.

[0024] When a component is referred to as being "coupled" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly coupled or connected to the other component, but that there may be other components in between. On the other hand, when a component is referred to as being "directly coupled" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components in between.

[0025] In this application, the terms "comprise" or "have" and the like are intended to specify the presence of a stated feature, numeral, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but are to be understood as not precluding the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numerals, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0026] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a host system in which a battery system according to one embodiment is installed, FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the battery system of FIG. 1 in detail, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the function of the control unit (MCU) of FIG. 2 in detail.

[0027] Referring to FIG. 1, a host system 1 is a system in which a battery system 2 is mounted.

[0028] The upper system 1 can include all systems that require a battery, such as an automobile, a motorcycle, an energy storage system (ESS), and the like.

[0029] The battery system 2 includes a customized SOX (State of X) estimation algorithm in the upper system 1. According to one embodiment, the battery system 2 identifies the upper system 1 in which the battery system 2 is currently installed, and estimates the battery state (SOX, State of X) according to the corresponding SOX (State of X) estimation algorithm.

[0030] Thus, even when a standard battery that can be used in various host systems 1 is mounted on a specific host system 1, the battery system 2 can estimate the battery's state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), chargeable and dischargeable power (SOP), etc., which well reflect the characteristics of the individual host system 1. That is, the battery system 2 according to one embodiment can accurately estimate the battery state (SOX, State of X).

[0031] Referring to FIG. 2, the battery system 2 includes a battery 10, a relay 20, a current sensor 30, and a BMS (Battery Management System) 40.

[0032] The battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln electrically connected in series and in parallel. In one embodiment, the battery cells may be rechargeable secondary batteries. A predetermined number of battery cells may be connected in series to form a battery module, a predetermined number of battery modules may be connected in series to form a battery pack, or a predetermined number of battery packs may be connected in parallel to form a battery bank, thereby supplying a desired amount of power. While FIG. 1 illustrates the battery 10 having a plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln connected in series, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the battery 10 may be configured in units of a battery module, a battery pack, or a battery bank.

[0033] Each of the plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln is electrically connected via wiring to the BMS 40. The BMS 40 collects and analyzes various information related to the battery cells, including information on the plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln, to control charging, discharging, and protection operations of the battery cells, thereby controlling the operation of the relay 20.

[0034] 1, a battery 10 includes a plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln connected in series and is connected between two output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 of a battery system 2, a relay 20 is connected between the positive terminal of the battery system 2 and the first output terminal OUT1, and a current sensor 30 is connected between the negative terminal of the battery system 2 and the second output terminal OUT2. The configuration and the connection relationship between the configurations shown in FIG. 1 are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0035] The relay 20 controls the electrical connection between the battery system 2 and the external device. When the relay 20 is turned on, the battery system 2 and the external device are electrically connected to each other to perform charging or discharging, and when the relay 20 is turned off, the battery system 2 and the external device are electrically disconnected. In this case, the external device may be a charger in a charging cycle in which the battery 10 is supplied with power to charge the battery 10, and may be a load in a discharging cycle in which the battery 10 discharges power to the external device.

[0036] The current sensor 30 is connected in series to a current path between the battery 10 and an external device. The current sensor 30 can measure the battery current flowing through the battery 10 and transmit the measurement result to the BMS 40. For example, when a plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln are connected in series, the battery current can correspond to the cell current. In this case, the battery current can be a charging current or a discharging current.

[0037] Although not shown in FIG. 2 , the battery system 2 may further include a temperature sensor (not shown) that measures the temperature of the battery 10. The temperature sensor may measure the temperature of the battery 10 and transmit the measurement result to the BMS 40. The temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln may be estimated based on the temperature of the battery 10.

[0038] The BMS 40 includes a monitoring unit 41 , a storage unit 43 , a communication unit 45 , and a control unit 47 .

[0039] The monitoring unit 41 is electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of each of the plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln, and measures the cell voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln. The battery current value measured by the current sensor 30 and the battery temperature value measured by a temperature sensor (not shown) are transmitted to the monitoring unit 41. The monitoring unit 41 transmits information relating to the measured cell voltage, battery current, and battery temperature to the control unit 47.

[0040] For example, the monitoring unit 41 can measure the cell voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln at predetermined intervals during a rest period when no charging or discharging occurs, and calculate the cell current based on the measured cell voltage. The monitoring unit 41 can transmit the cell voltage and cell current of each of the plurality of battery cells Cell1 to Celln to the control unit 47.

[0041] The storage unit 43 stores system identification information (APP ID), weights, a plurality of estimation models for estimating the battery state (SOX, State of X), and battery information. The battery state (SOX, State of X) may include the battery cell charge rate (SOC, State of Charge), the battery cell state of health (SOH, State of Health), the chargeable and dischargeable power of the battery cell (SOP, State of Power), etc. In this case, the battery information may include information related to the battery, such as cell voltage, battery current, and battery temperature.

[0042] The storage unit 43 can store a plurality of SOC estimation models that estimate the state of charge (SOC) of each of the plurality of battery cells included in the battery 10 based on the battery information according to a predetermined algorithm. Although FIG. 3 illustrates two SOC estimation models, i.e., a first SOC estimation model and a second SOC estimation model, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the BMS 40 may include three or more SOC estimation models.

[0043] For example, referring to FIG. 3, the storage unit 43 stores a first SOC estimation model that estimates the state of charge (SOC) using the widely known current integration method (Coulomb Counting Method), a second SOC estimation model that estimates the state of charge (SOC) based on the OCV (Open Circuit Voltage Method)-SOC relationship, a third SOC estimation model that estimates the state of charge (SOC) based on the terminal voltage, and the like.

[0044] The storage unit 43 can store a plurality of SOH estimation models that estimate the state of health (SOH) of each of the plurality of battery cells included in the battery 10 based on battery information according to a predetermined algorithm. Although FIG. 3 illustrates two SOH estimation models, i.e., a first SOH estimation model and a second SOH estimation model, the present invention is not limited to this, and the BMS 40 may include three or more SOH estimation models.

[0045] For example, referring to FIG. 3, the storage unit 43 stores a first SOH estimation model that estimates the state of health (SOH) based on the widely known OCV-SOH relationship, a second SOH estimation model that estimates the state of health (SOH) based on the SOC-SOH relationship, a third SOH estimation model that estimates the state of health (SOH) based on the direct current internal resistance (DCIR) of the battery cell, and the like.

[0046] The storage unit 43 stores a plurality of SOP estimation models that estimate the chargeable / dischargeable power (SOP) of each of the plurality of battery cells included in the battery 10 based on battery information in accordance with a predetermined algorithm. Although Fig. 3 shows two SOP estimation models, i.e., a first SOP estimation model and a second SOP estimation model, the present invention is not limited to this, and the BMS 40 may include three or more SOP estimation models.

[0047] For example, referring to FIG. 3, the storage unit 43 stores a first SOP estimation model that estimates the SOP based on the commonly known direct current internal resistance (DCIR), a second SOP estimation model that estimates the SOP based on the intersection point between an IV profile calculated by regression analysis using current data and voltage data and a lower limit discharge voltage, and a third SOP estimation model that estimates the SOP from battery data using an adaptive calculation algorithm such as a Kalman filter.

[0048] The system identification information (APP ID) may be identification information that distinguishes the system in which the battery system 2 is installed. For example, the storage unit 43 stores various system identification information (APP ID) such as identification information for a vehicle system (E_Vehicle, APP ID=001), identification information for a bike system (E_Bike, APP ID=002), and identification information for an ESS system (E_ESS, APP ID=003).

[0049] The weighted value may be a value that is preset and stored in the storage unit 43 to estimate a customized battery state (SOX) in the upper system 1. According to one embodiment, the weighted value may include a plurality of first weighted values ​​corresponding to system identification information (APP ID). According to another embodiment, the weighted value may include a plurality of second weighted values ​​corresponding to system identification information (APP ID) and predetermined estimation conditions. A more detailed description will be given below together with the control unit 47.

[0050] The estimation condition may be a condition that reflects the current state of the battery cell. For example, the estimation condition may be determined based on a result of comparing the cell voltage of the battery cell with a predetermined reference value. As another example, the estimation condition may include a condition determined based on the cell voltage, battery current, or battery temperature of the battery cell. However, the estimation condition is not limited to the cell voltage, battery current, and battery temperature, and may include various conditions that reflect the current state of the battery 10 or the battery cell.

[0051] The communication unit 45 communicates with the higher-level system 1 and receives identification information (hereinafter, system identification information) of the higher-level system 1. For example, the control unit 47 can store the system identification information (APP ID) received by the communication unit 45 in the storage unit 43.

[0052] The control unit 47 determines a weighted value corresponding to at least one of the system identification information (APP ID) received via the communication unit 45 and the predetermined estimation conditions, and estimates the battery state (SOX) based on the determined weighted value.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 3, the control unit 47 may include a first module 471 that estimates the state (SOX) of the battery 10 and a second module 473 that diagnoses the battery 10 according to a predetermined criterion based on the estimated value.

[0054] The first module 471 determines a weight corresponding to at least one of system identification information (APP ID) and predetermined estimation conditions. The first module 471 applies the determined weight to a plurality of estimation results estimated by a plurality of SOX estimation models, and calculates an average value by summing the plurality of estimation results to which the weights have been applied.

[0055] The following Table 1 shows an example of a plurality of first weights corresponding to a predetermined system identification information (APP ID). As described above, the first weight is a weight that takes into consideration only the system identification information (APP ID), and the corresponding value may differ for each estimation model, as shown in Table 1.

[0056] [Table 1]

[0057] For example, assume that the upper system 1 is a vehicle system (E_Vehicle, APP ID=001). Referring to FIG. 3 and Table 1, the first module 471 may apply a first weighting value of 0.7 corresponding to the first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module (A1×0.7) and a first weighting value of 0.3 corresponding to the second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module (A2×0.3) to calculate an average value of the state of charge (SOC) for the first battery cell (Aave=(A1×0.7)+(A2×0.3)).

[0058] Specifically, if the first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module for the first battery cell is 50% and the second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module is 54%, the first module 471 may calculate the average value (Aave) of the state of charge (SOC) for the first battery cell as 51.2%. In a similar manner, the first module 471 may calculate the average value (Aave) of the state of charge (SOC) for each of the plurality of battery cells, such as the second battery cell, the third battery cell, etc.

[0059] The following Table 2 shows an example of a plurality of second weights corresponding to a predetermined system identification information (APP ID) and estimation conditions. As described above, the second weight is a weight that takes into consideration all of the system identification information (APP ID) and estimation conditions, and the corresponding value may differ for each estimation model, as shown in Table 2.

[0060] [Table 2]

[0061] In Table 2, the estimation conditions are described as conditions determined by the comparison result between the cell voltage and a predetermined reference value (e.g., 3.7 V), but as explained above, the estimation conditions are not limited to the cell voltage and reference value.

[0062] For example, referring to Table 2, assume that the upper system 1 is a vehicle system (E_Vehicle, APP ID=001) and the cell voltage of the first battery cell currently included in the battery 10 is 3.7V or higher. Referring to FIG. 3 and Table 2, the first module 471 may apply a second weighting value of 0.7 corresponding to the first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module (A1×0.7) and a second weighting value of 0.3 corresponding to the second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module (A2×0.3) to calculate an average value of the state of charge (SOC) for the first battery cell (Aave=(A1×0.7)+(A2×0.3)).

[0063] Specifically, if the first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module for the first battery cell is 50% and the second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module is 54%, the first module 471 may calculate the average value (Aave) of the SOC for the first battery cell to be 51.2%. In a similar manner, the first module 471 may calculate the average value (Aave) of the SOC for each of the plurality of battery cells, such as the second battery cell, the third battery cell, etc.

[0064] As another example, referring to Table 2, assume that the upper system 1 is a motorcycle system (E_Bike, APP ID=002) and the cell voltage of the first battery cell currently included in the battery 10 is less than 3.7V. Referring to FIG. 3 and Table 2, the first module 471 may apply a second weighting value of 0.5 corresponding to the first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module (A1×0.5) and a second weighting value of 0.5 corresponding to the second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module (A2×0.5) to calculate an average value of the state of charge (SOC) for the first battery cell (Aave=(A1×0.5)+(A2×0.5)).

[0065] Specifically, if the first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module for a first battery cell is 50% and the second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module is 54%, the first module 471 may calculate the average value (Aave) of the state of charge (SOC) for the first battery cell to be 52%. In a similar manner, the first module 471 may calculate the average value (Aave) of the state of charge (SOC) for each of a plurality of battery cells, such as the second battery cell, the third battery cell, etc.

[0066] Although Tables 1 and 2 above only describe the state of charge (SOC) of the battery 10, the present invention is not limited thereto. The first module 471 can calculate the average state of health (SOH) (Bave) and the average chargeable / dischargeable power (SOP) (Cave) for each of the plurality of battery cells using the plurality of SOH estimation models and the plurality of SOP estimation models shown in FIG. 3 in a manner similar to that described above.

[0067] The second module 473 determines the average value of the state of battery (SOX) calculated by the first module 471 as the state of battery (SOX) value, and based on this, can perform a fault diagnosis on the battery 10. For example, the second module 473 can diagnose the battery 10 as being in a faulty state if the average value (Bave) of the state of health (SOH) is smaller than a preset reference value.

[0068] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a battery state estimation method according to another embodiment.

[0069] Hereinafter, a battery state estimation method and a battery system that provides the method will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 4, the BMS 40 determines identification information (APP ID) of the upper system 1 in which the battery system 2 is installed and a weight corresponding to a preset predetermined estimation condition (S100).

[0071] The BMS 40 may first determine the first weight value or the second weight value based on the battery state (SOX) to be estimated, the system identification information (APP ID), and whether or not the estimation conditions are applicable.

[0072] According to one embodiment, when estimating the battery state (SOX) by considering only the identification information (APP ID) of the upper system 1 in which the battery system 2 is installed, the BMS 40 can determine the first weight value from Table 1 already stored in the storage unit 43.

[0073] For example, when estimating the state of charge (SOC) of each of multiple battery cells installed in a vehicle system (E_Vehicle, APP ID=001), the BMS 40 can determine a first weighting value (0.7) to be applied to the first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module and a first weighting value (0.3) corresponding to the second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module.

[0074] In another embodiment, when estimating the battery state (SOX) taking into consideration the identification information (APP ID) and estimation conditions of the upper system 1 in which the battery system 2 is installed, the BMS 40 can determine the second weight value from Table 2 already stored in the storage unit 43.

[0075] For example, when estimating the state of charge (SOC) of each of multiple battery cells installed in a motorcycle system (E_Bike, APP ID=002) under the condition that the cell voltage is less than 3.7V, a second weighting value (0.5) to be applied to the first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module and a second weighting value (0.5) corresponding to the second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module can be determined.

[0076] Next, the BMS 40 collects information on the battery state (SOX) for each of the plurality of battery cells from each of a plurality of SOX estimation models that estimate the battery state (SOX) based on the battery information according to a predetermined algorithm (S200).

[0077] 3, for example, the BMS 40 may collect information on a first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module and a second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module. As another example, the BMS 40 may collect information on a first SOH value (B1) estimated by the first SOH estimation module and a second SOH value (B2) estimated by the second SOH estimation module. As yet another example, the BMS 40 may collect information on a first SOP value (C1) estimated by the first SOP estimation module and a second SOP value (C2) estimated by the second SOP estimation module.

[0078] Next, the BMS 40 calculates an average value of the battery state (SOX) by adding up the results of applying the weighted value to each of the plurality of battery state (SOX) (S300).

[0079] For example, assume that the host system 1 is a motorcycle system (E_Bike, APP ID=002) and the cell voltage of the first battery cell currently included in the battery 10 is less than 3.7V. Referring to FIG. 3 and Table 2, the BMS 40 may apply a second weighting value of 0.5 corresponding to the first SOC value (A1) estimated by the first SOC estimation module (A1×0.5) and a second weighting value of 0.5 corresponding to the second SOC value (A2) estimated by the second SOC estimation module (A2×0.5) to calculate an average value of the state of charge (SOC) for the first battery cell (Aave=(A1×0.5)+(A2×0.5)). Specifically, if the first SOC value (A1) is 50% and the second SOC value (A2) is 54%, the BMS 40 may calculate the average value of the state of charge (SOC) for the first battery cell (Aave) to be 52%.

[0080] Thereafter, the BMS 40 can determine whether to diagnose the battery's fault state and whether to perform cell balancing based on the average value of the estimated battery state (SOX).

[0081] In summary, the estimation model that can accurately estimate the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and remaining chargeable power (SOP) of the battery 10 may vary depending on the environment in which the battery 10 is used, i.e., the host system 1 and the current state of the battery (cell voltage, cell temperature, etc.). The present invention not only uses multiple estimation models but also applies weights that reflect the above-mentioned conditions to the results of estimation by the multiple estimation models, thereby enabling more accurate estimation of the current state of battery 10 (SOX).

[0082] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains also fall within the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0083] 1. Upper system 2 Battery System 10 Battery 20 Relay 30 Current Sensor 41 Monitoring Department 43 Storage area 45 Communications Department 47 Control Unit 471 Module 1 473 Module 2

Claims

1. a battery including a plurality of battery cells; a communication unit that communicates with one host system in which the battery system is installed and receives identification information of the one host system; a monitoring unit for collecting at least one of battery information among a plurality of cell voltages of the plurality of battery cells, a current and a temperature of the battery; a storage unit that stores a plurality of SOC estimation models that estimate a state of charge (SOC) of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the battery information according to a predetermined algorithm, and a first weight value that is determined based on the identification information; a control unit that, when estimating the state of the battery based on the first weight value, calculates an average value of a first SOC by summing results of applying the first weight value to a plurality of SOCs estimated by the plurality of SOC estimation models for each of the plurality of battery cells; Including, The one host system is one of a plurality of host systems including at least a vehicle system, a bike system, and an ESS system, and the identification information is unique information that distinguishes one of the vehicle system, the bike system, and the ESS system. Battery system.

2. The storage unit further stores a second weighting value determined based on the identification information and a predetermined estimation condition that has been set, The control unit When estimating the state of the battery based on the second weight, the second weight is applied to the plurality of SOCs of the plurality of battery cells, and the sum of the results is used to calculate an average value of the second SOC; the estimation condition includes a condition that each of the collected cell voltages is higher or lower than a predetermined reference value; The battery system of claim 1 .

3. The estimation condition is: The battery system according to claim 2 , wherein the determination is made according to a result of comparing each of the collected cell voltages with a predetermined reference value.

4. The storage unit is 4. The battery system of claim 2, further comprising: a plurality of identification information for each of the plurality of upper systems on which the battery system can be mounted; a plurality of first weighted values ​​determined based on each of the plurality of identification information; and a second weighted value determined based on each of the plurality of identification information and the estimation conditions.

5. a battery including a plurality of battery cells; a communication unit that communicates with one host system in which the battery system is installed and receives identification information of the one host system; a monitoring unit that collects at least one of battery information among a plurality of cell voltages of the plurality of battery cells, a current of the battery, and a temperature; a storage unit that stores a plurality of SOH estimation models that estimate a State of Health (SOH) of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the battery information according to a predetermined algorithm, and a first weight value that is determined based on the identification information; a control unit that, when estimating the state of the battery based on the first weight, calculates an average first SOH by summing results of applying the first weight to a plurality of SOHs estimated by the plurality of SOH estimation models for each of the plurality of battery cells; Including, The one host system is one of a plurality of host systems including at least a vehicle system, a bike system, and an ESS system, and the identification information is unique information that distinguishes one of the vehicle system, the bike system, and the ESS system. Battery system.

6. The storage unit further stores a second weighting value determined based on the identification information and a predetermined estimation condition that has been set, The control unit When estimating the state of the battery based on the second weight, calculate an average value of a second SOH by summing results of applying the second weight to the plurality of SOHs for each of the plurality of battery cells; the estimation condition includes a condition that each of the collected cell voltages is higher or lower than a predetermined reference value; The battery system of claim 5 .

7. The estimation condition is: The battery system according to claim 6 , wherein the determination is made according to a result of comparing each of the collected cell voltages with a predetermined reference value.

8. The storage unit is 8. The battery system according to claim 6, further comprising: a plurality of identification information for each of the plurality of upper systems on which the battery system can be mounted; a first weight value determined based on each of the plurality of identification information; and a plurality of second weight values ​​determined based on each of the plurality of identification information and the estimation conditions.

9. determining a first weight value determined based on identification information of one upper system in which the battery system is installed; receiving a plurality of State of Charge (SOC) estimates from a plurality of SOC estimation models that estimate a State of Charge (SOC) of each of a plurality of battery cells included in the battery based on battery information according to a predetermined algorithm; calculating an average value of a first SOC by summing results of applying the first weight to the plurality of SOCs for each of the plurality of battery cells when estimating the state of the battery based on the first weight; Including, The battery information At least one of a plurality of cell voltages of the plurality of battery cells, a current and a temperature of the battery, The one host system is one of a plurality of host systems including at least a vehicle system, a bike system, and an ESS system, and the identification information is unique information that distinguishes one of the vehicle system, the bike system, and the ESS system. Battery state estimation method.

10. The step of determining the first weight value includes: determining a second weight based on identification information of the one higher-level system and a predetermined estimation condition; The calculating step includes: When estimating the state of the battery based on the second weight, the method may include calculating an average value of a second SOC by summing results of applying the second weight to the plurality of SOCs for each of the plurality of battery cells; the estimation condition includes a condition that each of the plurality of cell voltages is higher or lower than a predetermined reference value; The method of claim 9 .

11. The estimation condition is: The battery state estimation method according to claim 10 , wherein the determination is made according to a result of comparing each of the plurality of cell voltages with a predetermined reference value.

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